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New Study Suggests Neanderthals and Humans Co-Existed for Millennia
In a new study, researchers claim that Neanderthals and humans may have lived alongside each other in Europe for as many as 5,000 years.
Sarah Pruitt
Previous attempts to date Neanderthal remains, in the hopes of building a chronology of their interaction with humans and their eventual extinction, have yielded uncertain results. According to some of these findings, modern humans and Neanderthals coexisted for as little as 500 years, spurring theories that humans may have either slaughtered their predecessors or passed on deadly diseases that Neanderthals were unable to resist.
In the new study, an international team of researchers analyzed remains found at more than 40 archaeological sites from Spain to Russia. Working at Oxford University, they used cutting-edge advances in radiocarbon dating technology to date around 200 samples of bone, charcoal and shell materials. As a result, they were able to come up with the most accurate chronology yet for the Neanderthal extinction, and provide a more complete picture of how Neanderthals might have coexisted alongside modern humans before they died out.
According to the researchers’ findings, published this week in the journal Nature, humans started to appear in small clusters distributed across Europe about 45,000 years ago, several thousand years earlier than was previously believed. Neanderthals then disappeared from Europe between 41,000 and 39,000 years ago, meaning that the two species coexisted for some 5,000 years, or 10 times longer than earlier estimates.
What the study suggests is that over those 5,000 years, humans gradually began to proliferate while Neanderthals became less common and more widely dispersed (as humans had been before). Archaeological and genetic evidence shows that Neanderthals were already in decline by the time humans arrived; they were low in numbers and becoming increasingly inbred. The new data adds to this picture, suggesting that the arrival of humans compounded Neanderthals’ problems, as they were now forced to compete for resources.
The new study also supports the theories of some archaeologists that early humans provided the inspiration for advances made in late Neanderthal stone tools, as well as their use of jewelry. As lead author Tom Higham, a radiocarbon scientist at the University of Oxford in England, told the BBC, “I think we can set aside the idea of a rapid extinction of Neanderthals caused solely by the arrival of modern humans. Instead we can see a more complex process in which there is a much longer overlap between the two populations where there could have been exchanges of ideas and culture.”
It’s not news that humans and Neanderthals interacted, and possibly interbred, at least in Asia. Other recent findings have suggested that the DNA of non-African people living today is anywhere from 1.5 to 2.1 percent Neanderthal in origin, resulting from interbreeding that occurred some 50,000 to 60,000 years ago in western Asia. But until the new study’s findings, scientists had little idea that humans and Neanderthals overlapped for such a significant time period in some areas of Europe.
On the other hand, while some scientists have suggested that a Neanderthal population existed in Iberia until just 30,000 years ago, the new study found no evidence of this. The date range they linked to the Neanderthal extinction (nearly 10,000 years earlier) coincides with the beginning of an extremely cold period in Europe, and they speculate that this deep chill might have been the factor that pushed the declining Neanderthal population into extinction.
https://www.history.com/news/new-study-suggests-neanderthals-and-humans-co-existed-for-millennia
Early Humans
Scientists Recreate Skull of Human-Neanderthal Ancestor
Big Neanderthal Arms Caused by Making Clothes, Study Suggests
Neanderthals May Have Been Artists, Too
Introducing Your Inner Neanderthal
Early Humans Slept Around with More than Just Neanderthals
Lower Testosterone May Have Civilized Humanity, Study Says
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Hugh Russ, III
Hobby Lobby: Just a Start
Employers' Advisor Blog Archives
As a trial lawyer, I rarely pay much attention to dissenting opinions. They do not serve as meaningful precedent, and they tend only to express the loser’s frustrated perspective. But Justice Ginsburg’s dissent in the Supreme Court’s recent Hobby Lobby decision should have value for all practitioners and may serve as a forewarning to employers and employees alike to expect more litigation involving civil rights. Because of the opinion’s “startling breadth,” the dissent essentially predicts a future of complicated employment litigation as employers seek to enforce the logical extensions of the decision.
Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores concerned the dispute over the Affordable Care Act’s contraceptive mandate. By a five-to-four vote, the Supreme Court held that the mandate, which requires employers to provide health insurance coverage for contraception, could not be applied to closely held for-profit corporations with religious objections to forms of contraception. Religious groups have hailed the decision for its apparent support of First Amendment freedoms. By contrast however, supporters of the original mandate, which was defeated, now suggest that the decision could lead to corporations filing suits challenging other civil rights statutes. Ginsburg’s dissent makes evident the basis for their concerns.
In her persuasive dissent, Justice Ginsburg warns:
The Court’s determination that RFRA extends to for-profit corporations is bound to have untoward effects. Although the Court attempts to cabin its language to closely held corporations, its logic extends to corporations of any size, public or private. Little doubt that RFRA claims will proliferate, for the Court’s expansive notion for corporate personhood — combined with its other errors in construing RFRA — invites for-profit entities to seek religion-based exemptions from regulations they deem offensive to their faith.”
Litigators anticipate that the first wave of litigation will involve the scope of the decision: Does it apply to all corporations, whether public or private, large or small?
Justice Ginsburg further notes:
Federal statutes often include exemptions for small employers, and such provisions have never been held to undermine the interests served by these statutes. See, e.g., Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (applicable to employers with 50 or more employees); Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (originally exempting employers with fewer than 50 employees, the statute now governs employers with 20 or more employees); Americans With Disabilities Act (applicable to employers with 15 or more employees); Title VII (originally exempting employers with fewer than 25 employees, the statute now governs employers with 15 or more employees).”
Possibly another wave of litigation could involve questions such as whether this decision applies to other civil rights statutes.
It is important for employers and employees to note that Justice Ginsburg sees no logical boundaries to the decision:
And where is the stopping point to the ‘let the government pay’ alternative? Suppose an employer’s sincerely held religious belief is offended by health coverage of vaccines, or paying the minimum wage, or according women equal pay for substantially similar work.”
Litigation seeking to apply Hobby Lobby may grow exponentially. Hobby Lobby may herald a new era of litigation affecting the U.S. workplace, and employers and employees should be aware of these implications, which are spelled out in Ginsburg’s dissent.
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New Honeywell's UOP Oleflex™ Process Unit in China Producing 450,000 MTA of Propylene
China's Zhejiang Shaoxing Sanjin Petrochemical Co., Ltd. has started-up a facility that will produce 450,000 metric tons of propylene annually using C3 Oleflex Technology from Honeywell's UOP. The facility, the second of its kind in China, will convert propane to propylene, a key ingredient in plastics. The start-up , increases global production capacity of on-purpose propylene from UOP technology to approximately 3.8 million metric tons annually (MTA).
Traditionally, propylene is a byproduct of certain refining processes, but those processes no longer produce enough propylene to meet rising global demand. This propylene shortage has sparked investment in technology to create propylene from propane, also known as on-purpose propylene. Since 2011, UOP has licensed the C3 Oleflex process to more than a dozen producers to meet rising demand, with a majority of licensed capacity in China. China is the world's largest energy consumer and its propylene consumption accounts for more than 15 percent of worldwide demand, which is growing at about 5 to 6 percent per year.
“By 2020, 20 percent of the world's propylene production is expected to come from on-purpose propylene production technologies, and UOP is proud to be leading the development of this essential petrochemical with our Oleflex technology,” said Pete Piotrowski, senior vice president and general manager of UOP's Process Technology and Equipment business. “For more than 20 years, the Oleflex process has been a reliable, independent source of high-quality propylene and we look forward to helping increase its availability in China and around the world.”
Peter Dalpe
Safety and Productivity Solutions
+1 (973) 896-9699 - Mobile
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Rockets agree to deal with Bruno Caboclo
Bruno Caboclo
F, Houston Rockets
The Houston Rockets have reached an Exhibit 10 deal with Bruno Caboclo per ESPN’s Chris Hayes.
Exhibit 10 deals are a new type of deal in the most recent CBA. A player who is signed to a contract with an Exhibit 10 will receive a bonus up to $50,000 if he signs a contract with the team’s G League affiliate upon being waived from the parent team. According to NetsDaily.com “a player waived by Oct. 17 must report to his G League affiliate by Oct. 20 and remain there for at least 60 days to receive the bonus (in addition to the G League salary). Unlike last season, when a team would incur a salary-cap hit for players with partially guaranteed money who were eventually waived at the end of training camp, an NBA team will not have a cap charge for the bonus money awarded. A player signed with an Exhibit 10 can also be converted to a two-way contract by the first day of the regular season. The bonus would then be rescinded and the two-way contract would apply.” This information is for educational purposes only as Bruno will not be on any fantasy rosters this season.
Source: Chris Haynes on Twitter
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Adaptation finance: Why not just give it to the poor?
A new book argues that the best approach to reducing poverty is the simplest: giving money to the poor. In Just Give Money to the Poor, Hanlon, Barrientos and Hulme argue that cash transfers put money directly in the hands of those that need it, and that the poor are both willing and capable of using the money to benefit themselves and their families. Given the uncertainties and pitfalls of spending money on climate change adaptation, could we do worse than simply giving money to the poor themselves?
The regular transfer of small but significant amounts of money directly into the hands of the poor (cash transfers) has become a popular tool in the global fight against poverty. And according to Hanlon, Barrientos and Hulme, it has been remarkably successful. Their arguments are not mere speculation, nor idle populism — they are based on a massive amount of research on the increasing number of cash transfer programmes that have been implemented in developing countries, currently benefiting an estimated 110 million families. Celebrated examples include Bolsa Familia in Brazil, which has been credited with contributing significantly to an unprecedented fall in income inequality in the last decade.
These programmes are by no means identical: some are aimed at specific groups within the poor, such as women or the elderly, and some require recipients to fulfil certain conditions, such as sending children to school and attending regular health checks. Although choices about how to use the money vary depending on local contexts, the crucial issue is that the poor people themselves are making these decisions, rather than economists, governments or NGOs. Not only that, cash transfers can stimulate local economies because the poor tend to buy a large amount of their products locally.
So how is this relevant to climate change?
The link between cash transfers and adaptation may not be immediately obvious, and debates about social policy are too often divorced from those about floods, droughts and temperature rises. But there is an emerging consensus that the impacts of climate change will fall disproportionately on the world´s poor, whose lack of resources makes them particularly vulnerable. Recognition of this reality is becoming increasingly mainstream, with $100 billion a year being promised to vulnerable countries by 2020 in the Copenhagen Accord.
But adaptation won´t be easy. Human societies have long adapted to changes in their environments, but the challenge posed by anthropogenic climate change is likely to be unprecedented. And for that reason, no one is quite sure how to do it. One issue is uncertainty: although general tendencies of climate change can be predicted, modelling does not allow for simple decisions to be made at a local or even national level.
Beyond that are the issues of power relations and ownership: who should decide how adaptation money should be spent? Currently, many less developed countries are up in arms over efforts by the World Bank to control much of the funding. The history of aid and development projects tells us that finance can easily get whittled away to pay consultants and an aid industry that Hanlon et al. accuse of “thriving on complexity and mysticism”. But even if governments have full ownership of adaptation funds, this can also be problematic — after all, national and local governments often fail to act in the interests of those most vulnerable to climate change.
Step in cash transfers
Cash transfers cannot reduce vulnerability to climate change directly, and it is unlikely that the poor will use them specifically to prepare for climate related events. Given this, there cannot be a 100 per cent guarantee that cash transfers will always reduce vulnerability to climate change. In some cases, it might even be the case that the poor make decisions that increase their long-term vulnerability. But by putting more assets and resources in the hands of the poor, and by contributing to higher levels of nutrition, education, health and investment, cash transfers will increase the capacity of the poor to adapt to climate change. This form of ‘adaptation’ will not be perfect but it may well be preferable to those that aim to predict climate related phenomena.
This is not to say that all adaptation finance should be directed towards cash transfers. Hanlon, Barrientos and Hulme agree that they need to be accompanied by parallel improvements in services (health, education etc.), which should be the responsibility of governments. In the long run, the poor will also need to become better informed about the threats posed by climate change. Moreover, cash transfers do not address broader adaptation issues such as the need for better water management or urban planning — these are clearly the responsibility of governments, working in tandem with civil society organisations representing the poor. But given the problems of conventional notions of adaptation, perhaps one of the best ways of reducing the drivers of vulnerability is the simplest of all: just giving money to the poor.
(An alternative version of this article has been posted on The Guardian's blog, Poverty Matters.
Copenhagen Accord
World Bank (WB)
Barrientos
Hanlon
To stay ahead of climate change, cities need to act now
Leading on nature: can the new Secretary of State deliver bold action on environment and poverty?
Climate adaptation: its time is now
Why the UK parliamentary committee recommendations on international climate finance are so important
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#MadeInAmerica: The Rain, Restrictions & Randomness of Day 2
Marco Torres
Marco Torres | September 3, 2012 | 12:30pm
Day two of the first-ever Made In America music festival felt considerably less hectic and crowded than day one. The blazing heat of the previous day was replaced with scattered showers, and the humidity that follows, making for a sticky and slippery situation on the Ben Franklin Parkway. The crowd decided to sleep in, showing up much later in the afternoon.
There was an equal smattering of Run-DMC T-shirts as Pearl Jam tees amongst the fans, and a smaller group of kids wearing OVO attire. Newcomers Rita Ora and Santigold kicked off the fun with upbeat and danceable pop music. The Hives moved the crowd in front of the Liberty Stage with driving rock jams. They told the crowd that although they are from Sweden, their music is a result of American rock and roll.
Philadelphia darling Jill Scott hit the stage with a roaring applause from her hometown fans. She looked stunning and excited, showcasing her soulful vocals and funky delivery. Her set began with tracks from the album Who Is Jill Scott?, which she said was recorded in this city. Special guest and fellow Philly girl Eve joined her to perform "Shame" and "Let Me Blow Your Mind".
The crowd really turned up for the return of hip-hop pioneers Run-DMC, who have been silent since the 2002 murder of DJ Jam-Master Jay. A passionate Rev. Run yelled at a stagehand just prior to the start of the show. "WHY ARE YOU ON MY STAGE?!"
This was obviously very special to him and DMC, and they thanked Jay-Z for the opportunity. The fans sang along to "Its Tricky" "Peter Piper" and "My Adidas." Laughs rang out as the "Reverend" cursed up a storm onstage, asking for the fans to put their "hands in the goddamn air!"
Both of Jam Master's sons were on hand for an extended DJ break, which included a dubstep mix of their father's famous tracks. "I know you're watching Jay, I brought your kids out there," said Rev as he pointed the mike towards the sky.
Drake was next to hit the main stage, bringing a live band with him to accompany his rap chart-toppers. He started with "Lord Knows" and looked fresh in his October's Very Own jacket and white ensemble. The YMCMB rapper said he was honored to open up for Pearl Jam.
"If I ever had to be an opener for someone, I'm glad it is for one of the most legendary bands ever!" he proclaimed. He continued with "Crew Love" and "I'm On One" before bringing out rapper 2Chainz, causing the crowd to erupt once again.
The ATL rapper performed "No Lie" and "Spent It." Drake ended with crowd favorite "The Motto," the origin of the "YOLO" slogan popular with kids these days.
No professional photography was allowed in the pit or from the crowd for L.A.-based rap crew Odd Future, and crooner Frank Ocean was not there either. Earl Sweatshirt did join Tyler, The Creator onstage with the rest of the Wolf Gang, causing a raging mosh pit in front of the scene.
As we were working in the media area, a crew lead by director Ron Howard passed by, following power couple Jay-Z and wife Beyonce. Photographers scrambled to grab their cameras and run to the pack, dodging security and puddles of water along the way. "Beyonce, what do you think about the festival?" ask a reporter as she walked by.
"I'm having a lot of fun!" she replied.
And in the end, that was the whole point.
See more photos on the next page.
When he's not roaming around the city in search of tacos and graffiti, Houston Press contributor Marco points his camera lens toward the vibrant Houston music scene and beyond.
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CRISTIAN: I’M REALISING MY DREAM
Latest signing Lopez on joining Huddersfield Town
Town’s latest summer recruit, Cristian Lopez Santamaria, has told htafc.com that signing on the dotted line for the Club is a ‘dream come true’.
The 24 year-old, whose previous playing experience has come in his native Spain, has always dreamed of playing in England and has earned the chance after impressing during a nine day trial period, signing an initial one year contract at the Club pending international clearance.
“My dream has always been to come to England, because I feel my style of play is really suited to English football in the way I attack and participate in the game,” former Real Madrid B striker Cristian told htafc.com.
“I’m really happy that the Club has shown the confidence in me to help me realise my dream. Now I want to repay that faith and confidence by doing the absolute best I can for the Club.
“I’m really happy with my first week here. All the management, coaching staff and the players have made me feel really welcome and I’ve enjoyed the work we have been doing. I’m looking forward to continuing that. I’ll keep working hard.”
Cristian’s previous appearances for the Club against Real Betis and Oldham Athletic – when he scored his first goal – gained a positive reaction from Town fans and Cristian admitted he was delighted by that.
He continued: “From my first game here against Real Betis, it really felt like the fans were behind me and that gave me a lift. Now I want to keep that going by playing as well as I can for the fans and show them what a good player I can be. I want to make them happy with my performances for the Club.”
Lopez faces stiff competition for a striking berth at the Club alongside the likes of James Vaughan, Martin Paterson and Jon Stead, but he explained he is up for the challenge.
“My first aim is to work as hard as I can day to day, just like all the other players. I’ll work every day and take everything as it comes, but my aim is to earn a place in the starting eleven and make sure I stay there by playing as well as I possibly can.”
Shop online 24 hours a day, seven days a week with www.htafcmegastore.com!
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Wallace Best, Contributor
Professor of Religion and African American Studies, Princeton University
Gays, God and Gospel Music
05/25/2013 07:28 am ET Updated Jul 25, 2013
PHILADELPHIA, PA - SEPTEMBER 26: The Anointed Voices of Ford Memorial Temple Choir perform at the Verizon Wireless 'How Sweet the Sound' National Gospel Competition at the Wachovia Center on September 26, 2009 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Choir was the winner in the Large Choir category. (Photo by Jeff Fusco/Getty Images for Verizon Wireless)
Without the artistic and emotional contributions of gay people there would be no gospel music. Throughout the middle decades of the 20th century, a significant number of gay or "queer" artists left their mark on gospel music, a cultural form that many consider to be America's most original. Indeed, the contribution of gays and lesbians to gospel music has been so large as to be absolutely "crucial and fundamental." They have been the "unacknowledged arbiters" of the gospel music world and no one can truly understand this American cultural form without careful attention to their lives and experiences.
This is the provocative and convincing claim made by Anthony Heilbut in "The Children and their Secret Closet," the lead essay in his majestic new book, "The Fan Who Knew Too Much." Heilbut, a writer, record producer, and cultural critic has been immersed (on his own terms) in the gospel world for nearly 50 years. He has an encyclopedic knowledge of gospel and has been closely connected to all of the major performers of the previous generation. To put it simply, no one knows more about the history of gospel music or has done more to promote it than this Jewish atheist from Queens. It is fair to say that most of what we know about gospel music we learned from him, beginning with his now classic book, "The Gospel Sound," published in 1971.
The essay on "the children," the familial appellation used to refer to gays in the church, is similar in content and theme to "The Gospel Sound" in that Heilbut is keen on revealing the gospel world in all its complexity, paradox and contradiction. We learn anew that many of these singing "saints" were not saints at all. They could be vulgar and mean, conniving and petty, selfish and unkind. This, to be sure, is one of the more fascinating aspects of the essay. It manages to humanize the gospel artists of the previous generation without demoralizing them. They were marvelously imperfect and tragically flawed; they were thoroughly human. It may not do much for Mahalia Jackson's "saintly image" to know that she was notoriously stingy and could cuss like a sailor, but it fills out her human portrait just fine.
The essay on "the children," however, is more a meditation on homosexuality and black churches. And as such it shines luminously. Heilbut gets us beyond simply acknowledging the presence of gays in black churches and the fact that gospel artists such as Sam Cooke, Sister Rosetta Tharpe, Alex Bradford and James Cleveland (to name only a few) were known to be gay or "queer." He identifies a time when black churches were safe spaces for "the children," a time when gays and lesbians sought and found refuge in churches that not only acknowledged their presence but also their value. And they were drawn to the music principally, as Heilbut writes, for "the vast emotional territory that it claims for itself." The music played a "saving role" within the space of the church for those who would then have to gird themselves up to face a cruel world. For this reason, many black gays and lesbians once were among "the most faithful members" of black churches and "the most avid celebrants" of its worship culture. As an old church mother was known to say, "nobody shouts like 'the children.'"
The music, the churches, and the world of gospel have changed, however, and for the most part the safe spaces have become hateful ones. Heilbut has taken note of this. Not only does he find the current culture lacking the artistry of the previous era, it is also painfully off message. Indeed, he considers much of the music coming from today's gospel performers to be "hate speech." And one need not listen to very much of it to see that he has a point. There was a time when a gospel song about being "delivered" wasn't code for being "delivered from homosexuality." Now it almost always is. Anyone knowing anything about the music and the ministry of Donnie McClurkin, who Heilbut calls "the church's most visibly tormented self-hater," understands exactly what I'm talking about.
"The Fan Who Knew Too Much" is one of the best collections of essays to appear in many years. It is written with depth, clarity, sensitivity, wit and lyricism. It is Heilbut at his masterful and literary best. Also on display, however, particularly in the essay on "the children" is Heilbut's passion and a palpable sense of loss. When he surveys the current world of gospel, seeing it (with some exceptions) so far from its glorious past and so in denial of its gay roots, the anger and the grief nearly overtake him.
It is sobering to recognize that what Heilbut ultimately accomplishes in the essay is an accounting of gospel music's fall from grace into near irrelevance. He knows that the overemphasis on condemning homosexuality that one finds in the gospel world and in many black churches is not a sign of prophetic witness. Rather, it is evidence that many of these singers and ministers just don't have much to say anymore, and that spaces that once were, in Heilbut's veiw, "the very model of freedom and civil rights," have been restructured as citadels of bigotry and intolerance. It is sobering, indeed.
On the bright side, "The Children and their Secret Closet" reminds us of what is possible. The reminder comes from one who would know, the fan who has dedicated much of his life to the study of gospel music, the perfect "insider/outsider" and a professed "non-believer." Perhaps that's just how it should be.
A friend once told me that sometimes it takes an atheist to do God's work. If that is true, then that is precisely what we have in Anthony Heilbut, the fan who perhaps knows a little too much but has found a beautiful way to tell us all about it.
Click through for a slideshow of the greatest Gospel songs:
Religion and Sexuality Christianity Sacred Sounds Gay Christians Religion
Precious Lord, Take My Hand
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Uloop , Contributor
Online Marketplace for College Life
What Homelessness Is Really Like
09/05/2015 05:45 pm ET Updated Sep 05, 2016
Homeless man sleeping in sleeping bag on cardboard
Admit it: when you think of a homeless person, a certain stereotype comes to mind. A middle-aged to older man who's addicted to drugs and too lazy to get a job. You think it's their own fault that they're living on the streets.
I'm not going to pretend that I never thought that, but everything changed when I became homeless. In partnership with Gettysburg College and the National Coalition for the Homeless (NCH), I took the "Homelessness Challenge". For 48 hours, I lived on the streets. I slept on the steps of a statue the first night, and in front of a Macy's the second. I had to beg for money so I could have a bit of water on a blisteringly hot day. I visited soup kitchens and parks where churches handed out sandwiches.
Of course, I didn't really experience homelessness. I knew that once the challenge was over, I had a fluffy, warm bed and air conditioning awaiting me. Still, being homeless leaves tons of boring, empty hours, so I filled those by making friends. I met numerous homeless people, many of whom I talked to for hours on end. NCH's rules are that I can only tell homeless people that I'm not homeless; everyone else has to stay convinced that I'm homeless.
Real homeless people weren't fooled by what was, in essence, just a scruffy college kid. I confessed, and everyone I met was excited that I'd taken the challenge. They told me their stories in the hopes that I could share the truth about homelessness in DC.
The Stories of the Homeless
One of the first people I met was Kevin. Kevin is chronically homeless, but don't try to stereotype him: he's not a drug addict, and he has a full-time job. He works forty hours a week, but he can't afford anywhere to live. The only apartments he could possibly afford are in a shadier section of DC, far from his work. He scoped out the apartments once, and refused to ever go back. There were drug deals going on and gang members hanging around, so Kevin decided he'd sleep on a park bench in the tourist section of DC rather than risk his life in those apartments.
You're going to protest. Kevin has a full-time job! There have to be plenty of apartments he can afford! Not so. Kevin works a minimum wage job. At the moment that's under $10, but DC has raised its minimum wage, so let's use the new figure: $10.10. If Kevin makes $10.10 and works for 40 hours a week, then Kevin earns $1,616 every month. Yet the average cost of an apartment in DC averages over $2,000. It's estimated that, with the rising cost of housing in the area, a living wage in DC would be $28. Kevin makes nowhere near that kind of money.
Another person we met was Joseph. A few years ago, he had cancer. He'd never been rich, but he certainly wasn't homeless when he was diagnosed. The doctor visits, the chemotherapy: he was quickly drained of all his money. Joseph started taking out loans to pay for everything, and when he couldn't earn enough money to pay them back, everything began to unravel. Joseph is homeless because now, he's found a job, but like Kevin, he can't afford an apartment. Even if he earned enough money, his credit score is ruined, so it's going to be tough for him to get off the streets.
Stereotypes vs Facts
I wasn't homeless the entire time I was in DC. I stayed at the Steinbruck Center at Luther Place for another couple of days, where I learned about homelessness and volunteered. The Experiential Learning Coordinator, Bianca Vazquez, gave lessons on all of the aspects of homelessness.
Ms. Vazquez destroyed some of the stereotypes surrounding homelessness with a simple, bullet-point list. She listed the top five most common reasons for homelessness in DC as lack of affordable housing, lack of living wage jobs, domestic violence, lack of affordable healthcare, and under- or unemployment. Drug addiction and mental illness, two common stereotypes, aren't even in the top five!
I met countless people, and not one of them was on the streets because of a drug addiction or mental illness. In fact, most of the people I met had steady jobs, and just couldn't afford to get off of the street.
I know something is nagging you. You're wondering, why can't they just stay in a homeless shelter? Every homeless person I encountered on the streets despised the shelters. They complained that the beds were infested with bugs, the food was subpar, and the staff were sometimes downright cruel. That isn't to say every shelter is that way, but one bad experience with a shelter can turn someone off from them forever.
How Do I Help?
Is there anything you can do to make life better for a homeless person? Obviously, fighting for legislation to help them, or battling to repeal legislation that criminalizes homelessness, are ways to help. Not everyone is an activist though, so there are some much simpler, more personal ways to do your part.
One thing I noticed when I panhandled, and that every single homeless person I spoke to was upset by, is that homeless people are dehumanized. When you sit on the side of the street, even if you're not asking for money, people will make a concerted effort to ignore you. It's like everyone signed a contract agreeing to pretend that you don't even exist. It's completely dehumanizing to pretend that another human being doesn't exist, and just validating a homeless person's existence can be enough. Not everyone is going to have time to sit down and have an hour long conversation, but it's enough just to look at them and say a word or two. Say "Hey, how are you?" or "Good morning!". Any acknowledgment is enough, really.
Another way you can help is probably the most obvious: volunteering. Food can be found in abundance in DC. If you sit in McPherson Square, three different churches will show up and hand out food, just twenty minutes apart. None of the homeless people I talked to had an issue feeding themselves: water, shelter, and clothes were some of the real challenges. If you find a way to fulfill these basic needs, you've done a lot of good.
Destroying the stereotypes that plague the homeless, and defeating homelessness for good, can't be done overnight. But every day that you do a little act of kindness for a homeless person, we're one step closer to ending homelessness.
By: Rhiannon Winner, Gettysburg College
College Politics News Students Homelessness Social Justice
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Keep The Whites Wild is a non-profit organization based in New Hampshire’s White Mountains.
To preserve and protect the diverse biology, natural aesthetic, and intrinsic value of New England’s White Mountain region.
Protect Mount Washington is a call to action campaign to protect Mount Washington’s unique alpine tundra zone from harmful development. The current focus in on opposing and halting a high elevation lodge proposed by the Mount Washington Cog Railway. Visit the website (www.ProtectMountWashington.org) for more details and to get involved.
Our founding members...Chris Magness, Anne Skidmore, Paul McCoy, David Govatski, and Michael Wejchert are a group of concerned outdoor enthusiasts. We're climbing guides, writers, naturalists, and photographers from Coos and Carroll Counties. The platform on which we created Keep the Whites Wild is volunteer based, mobile, conservation purposed, actionable, and accountable. We welcome questions and volunteerism. Join our current campaign!
Chris Magness
After graduating from college, Chris followed the Great Divide Route south on his mountain bike...pulling a trailer border to border. Major Appalachian Trail section hikes followed, then a move to New Hampshire. Chris has continued to travel the United States in search of lesser visited places, scaling rock walls throughout the West and South. He has established dozens of new rock routes in New Hampshire, New England and the South. Chris has worked professionally as a mountain guide since 2008. He has learned that some areas, like the White Mountains, are so incredibly unique and fragile that preservation and conservation are an obligation: part of sharing the intrinsic value of these places with others is consideration of future generations.
Anne Skidmore Russell
Anne Skidmore Russell is a photographer and climber based out of Madison, New Hampshire. After spending the last 15 years exploring and documenting the beauty of the White Mountains, she is passionate about protecting remaining undeveloped land in the mountains. You may just bump into Anne and her rescue pup, Bailey, exploring the White Mountains together.
David Govatski
David Govatski is a naturalist and historian from Jefferson, New Hampshire. He is a former AMC Hutman. He was an early "Red Liner" who hiked all of the trails in the AMC White Mountain Guide. David retired after working for 33 years for the US Forest Service in a variety of positions around the country. David also served in the US Army and reached the rank of Master Sergeant. He is an avid hiker, backcountry skier and canoeist. He has worked recently as a naturalist in Alaska, Canada and Iceland...in addition to New England. He spent several summers working on trail crews and continues to volunteer and maintain hiking and ski trails in New Hampshire and Vermont. He has a strong interest in the alpine environment.
Paul McCoy
Originally from upstate New York, Paul completed a degree in Adventure Recreation from Green Mountain College in Vermont in 2001. While obtaining his degree, he had the opportunity to climb in Northern Spain, New Zealand, and Australia. He has also visited many backcountry areas throughout the United States and gained perspective on just how special and unique the Whites Mountains are, choosing to make them his home when he moved to North Conway, New Hampshire in 2002. Paul connected with the International Mountain Climbing School in 2008, where he’s an active rock, ice, and ski mountaineering guide.
Michael Wejchert
Michael is a climbing guide and a writer who lives in Jackson, New Hampshire. He has completed ascents all over the world, from Alaska to Newfoundland to Peru. But, he still relishes climbing in the Presidential Range, and loves taking people up climbs he first did many years ago. His writing has appeared in Appalachia, Ascent, Alpinist, Gripped, and Rock & Ice.
Join the email list for updates and calls to action:
Email us if you would like to get in touch:
Leave this checked to receive updates and news (you can unsubscribe at any time) from the Protect Mount Washington campaign.
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Governance , Incident & Breach Response , IT Risk Management
Equifax's Data Breach Costs Hit $1.4 Billion
Massive 2017 Breach Continues to Bite the Credit Reporting Giant's Bottom Line Mathew J. Schwartz (euroinfosec) • May 13, 2019
Credit reporting giant Equifax has spent nearly $1.4 billion on cleanup costs as well as overhauling its information security program following its massive 2017 data breach.
Two years after the data breach, which began on May 13, 2017, and the company discovered and began remediating on July 29, 2017, resulting legal costs and investigations haven't stopped taking a big bite out of the company's bottom line.
On Friday, Atlanta-based Equifax announced its financial results for the first quarter of 2019, ending March 31, reporting a loss of $555.9 million, compared to net income of $90.9 million in the first quarter of 2018. Equifax's quarterly revenue was $846.1 million, down 2 percent compared to the first quarter of 2018 although up 1 percent on a local currency basis.
Sales barely missed analysts' average expectations of $852.9 million - less then a 1 percent difference - while the $1.20 actual earnings per share fell below analysts' $1.23 expectation, according to data from Reuters.
Breached Impacted Half of All Americans
Equifax's data breach resulted in the exposure of the personal data of 148 million individuals in the U.S., or 56 percent of all American adults - representing nearly half of the total U.S. population. The breach also exposed information for 15 million U.K. citizens and about 20,000 Canadians. The breach led to Congressional probes, probes by privacy authorities in the U.K. and Canada, and dozens of lawsuits and formal investigations by state attorneys general. It also led to the departure of the company's CEO, as well as its top two information security personnel.
A House report into the breach released last December concluded that the breach "was entirely preventable," while a Senate report from last month concluded that the breach response was "inadequate and hampered by Equifax's neglect of cybersecurity"
A U.S. Government Accountability Office report released last September into the 76-day breach, via which attackers slowly exfiltrated data from 51 databases, identified five key factors that contributed to the breach: identification, detection, segmentation and data governance, as well as a failure to rate-limit database requests. Had any one of those factors been better handled, GAO said, the breach may not have occurred (see: Postmortem: Multiple Failures Behind the Equifax Breach).
Data Breach Costs Mount
Equifax had a $125 million cybersecurity insurance policy at the time it was breached, with a $7.5 million deductible. "We have received the maximum reimbursement under the insurance policy of $125 million, all of which was received prior to 2019," it says.
Meanwhile, costs arising from the data breach continue to mount.
The company's 2019 first quarter balance sheet lists $82.8 million in technology and data security costs arising from the data breach, including "incremental costs to transform our technology infrastructure and improve application, network, data security, and the costs of development and launch of Lock and Alert." The latter is an Equifax product that allows individuals to lock and unlock their credit report with Equifax.
The balance sheet also lists $12.5 million in quarterly legal and investigative fees, referring to costs associated with "legal, government and regulatory investigations."
It also lists $1.5 million for product liability, referring to Equifax offering breach victims 12 months of prepaid access to the TrustedID identity theft monitoring service from rival credit bureau Experian. Last year, breach victims were also offered a further 12 months of free service if they migrated to Experian's IDnotify product (see: Congratulations: You Get 'Free' Identity Theft Monitoring ).
The first quarter results also include "a pre-tax legal accrual of $690 million for losses associated with certain legal proceedings and investigations related to the 2017 cybersecurity incident," the company says.
$1.35 Billion in Breach Costs
With that accrual, the company says it has recorded $1.35 billion in costs resulting from the data breach, including not only incident response but also new technology and data security changes.
"Costs related to the 2017 cybersecurity incident are defined as incremental costs to transform our IT infrastructure and data security; legal fees and professional services costs to investigate the 2017 cybersecurity incident and respond to legal, government and regulatory claims; as well as costs to provide the free product and related support to the consumer," Equifax says.
Breach costs may continue to increase. "It is not possible at this time to estimate the additional possible loss in excess of the amount already accrued that might result from adverse judgments, settlements, penalties or other resolution of the proceedings and investigations related to the 2017 cybersecurity incident based on a number of factors," Equifax says.
Such factors include ongoing investigations, lawsuits as well as uncertainties over how consumer lawsuits, seeking class-action status, might resolve. "The ultimate amount paid on these actions, claims and investigations in excess of the amount already accrued could be material to the company's consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows in future periods," Equifax says.
Canada Concludes Probe
Last month, Canada's privacy commissioner concluded its investigation into Equifax's data breach, finding that the company's controls were "unacceptable."
"Given the vast amounts of highly sensitive personal information Equifax holds, and its pivotal role in the financial sector as a credit reporting agency, it was completely unacceptable to find such significant shortcomings in the company's privacy and security practices," said Daniel Therrien, Canada's privacy commissioner.
Equifax has signed a compliance agreement with the privacy commissioner. The agreement requires the credit bureau's Canadian division to submit third-party audit reports on both its security as well as the security of its parent company to the Office of the Privacy Commissioner every two years, for the next six years.
"This will allow for ongoing monitoring of compliance with the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA), Canada's federal private sector privacy law, including assessing the steps taken by Equifax since the breach," the commissioner said.
UK Regulators Levied Maximum Penalty
Last September, British authorities concluding their breach investigation. The Information Commissioner's Office, which is the U.K.'s data protection authority and enforces the country's privacy laws, announced a Equifax £500,000 ($651,000) fine (see: Equifax Hit With Maximum UK Privacy Fine After Mega-Breach).
Following an investigation into the breach, conducted in parallel with Britain's Financial Conduct Authority, the ICO cited Equifax "for failing to protect the personal information of up to 15 million U.K. citizens during a cyberattack in 2017."
Because the breach occurred before the EU's General Data Protection Regulation came into full effect in May 2018, Equifax was spared the threat of facing the regulations strong potential sanctions. GDPR allows for maximum fines of up 4 percent of an organization's annual global revenue or €20 million ($22.5 million), whichever is greater.
Lawsuits and Probes Continue
As Equifax makes clear in its latest quarterly filing, it's not yet certain how much the 2017 data breach will end up costing the company. Equifax says it faces more than 1,000 individual consumer actions, including lawsuits seeking class-action status, in U.S. state and federal courts. Last Monday, meanwhile, the state of Indiana because the latest to sue Equifax over the data breach.
AG Curtis Hill files lawsuit against Equifax over 2017 data breach pic.twitter.com/f0uLhk7JHy
— Curtis T. Hill, Jr. (@AGCurtisHill) May 6, 2019
Other government probes continue. In February, Equifax said in its 2018 annual report to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission that it expects to be hit with "injunctive relief damages" by both the Federal Trade Commission and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. It also expects to face "civil money penalties" levied by the CFPB as well as penalties imposed by the New York State Department of Financial Services.
"The staffs of the CFPB and FTC have informed us that their respective agencies intend to seek injunctive relief damages and, with respect to the CFPB, civil money penalties against us based on allegations related to the 2017 cybersecurity incident," Equifax says in the February filing. "On Oct. 2, 2018, the enforcement staff of the NYDFS provided us with notice that it is considering recommending that the NYDFS take legal action against us, potentially seeking consumer relief and civil money penalties."
Alleged SIM Swappers Charged Over Cryptocurrency Thefts
Nigerian BEC Scammers Use Malware to Up the Ante
https://www.inforisktoday.eu/equifaxs-data-breach-costs-hit-14-billion-a-12473
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These terms and conditions of use (“Terms”) along with privacy policy (“Privacy Policy”) (hyperlinked) forms a legally binding agreement (“Agreement”) between You and Us (“Inshorts Medialabs Private Limited”, “InShorts”, “Our”, “We”).
Hence, We insist that You spend time reading these Terms and Privacy Policy and let Us know at contact@inshorts.com if You have any questions regarding the same. We will try our best to answer Your queries.
Since You downloaded Our App from Google Play, You will also be subject to Google Play Terms of Service. If there is any conflict between Google Play Terms of Service and this Agreement with respect to Your use of the App, then, this Agreement shall prevail.
A. DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATION
1. Capitalized terms, not defined elsewhere in this Agreement, shall mean as follows:
(a) “App” means the android mobile platform downloadable from Google Play and owned by InShorts, including any updates thereof.
(b) “Google Play” means the service provided by Google Ireland Limited, a third party, located at Gordon House, Barrow Street, Dublin 4, Ireland and/or its affiliates, which You may use in order to download the App.
(c) “Google Play Terms of Service” means terms of service that apply to the use of Google Play and available at https://play.google.com/about/play-terms.html.
(d) “User” or “You” or “Your” refers to a natural person who has accepted this Agreement in order to download and use the App.
2. Any reference to the singular includes a reference to the plural and vice versa, and any reference to one gender includes a reference to other gender(s), unless explicitly provided for.
3. Headings and captions are used for convenience only and not for interpretation of the Agreement.
4. Any reference to a natural person shall, include his/her heirs, executors and permitted assignees and any reference to a juristic person shall, include its affiliates, successors and permitted assignees, unless repugnant to the context.
B. YOUR APPROVAL
1. You approve of and accept this Agreement by:
(a) downloading and/or installing the App on Your device; or
(b) accessing or using the App or any of the content available within the App from any device.
2. You can accept this Agreement only if:
(a) You are of the legal age, eligibility and mental capacity to form a binding contract with InShorts pursuant to Your use of the App; and
(b) You are not legally barred from using the App.
3. You understand that We want You to not use the App if You do not understand, approve of or accept all the terms specified in this Agreement. Hence, You are requested to read these Terms and Privacy Policy (hyperlinked) carefully and understand the Agreement before You accept it and agree to be bound by it.
C. PROVISION OF THE APP
1. The App is designed to provide You an in-app browsing experience through an embedded browser. The App does not per se provide any news or content or information; but provides a brief summary of the content available in public domain within 60 (sixty) words or less by aggregating such content within one platform for easy access by You and for assisting You to find corresponding content of Your interest. The App does not host, display or transmit any content owned by third parties on its servers, unless We either have a license or are not prohibited under the applicable law, to do the same. When You read a summary, You may be linked to one of the online sources of such duly aggregated summary, upon tapping “More” tab on Your screen. You agree and acknowledge that the App does not report and/or broadcast any content (including news) on its own accord and InShorts is not responsible or liable for the content or accuracy of the summary of content that may be accessed by You through the App.
2. The App may include links to other mobile applications and/or websites (some of which may be automated search results) which may contain materials that are objectionable, unlawful, or inaccurate. We do not endorse or support these links or the products and services they provide; these links are provided for Your convenience only. We are not responsible or liable for the content or accuracy of such links.
3. In order to provide the App to You, We may request You to register and/or provide information about yourself. We trust that any information provided by You will always be true, accurate, complete and updated.
4. The content displayed on the App is for Your non-commercial and personal use. You are not allowed to copy, reproduce, alter, modify, create derivative works of, or publicly display any content displayed on the App.
5. We may stop provision of the App (or any part of the App), permanently or temporarily, to You or to Users generally or may modify or change the nature of the App and/or these Terms at Our sole discretion, without any prior notice to You. Your use of the App following any such modification constitutes Your deemed acceptance to be bound by the Agreement (or as it may be modified).
D. YOUR AGREEMENT WITH INSHORTS
1. A violation of this Agreement may result in a legal liability upon You and that nothing in this Agreement should be construed to confer any rights to any third party. You are responsible for Your conduct and activities while using the App, and for any consequences thereof.
2. If any provision of the Agreement is found to be unenforceable under the applicable law, it will not affect the enforceability of the other provisions of this Agreement. If any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid or unenforceable, such provision shall be deemed superseded by a valid enforceable provision that most closely matches the intent of the original provision and the remaining provisions shall be enforced.
3. We may choose to not act with respect to a breach of this Agreement by You or others but this does not mean that We cannot act with respect to subsequent or similar breaches. Our intended or intended failure to exercise or enforce any provision of this Agreement shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision.
E. USING THE APP
1. You will download and install the App from Google Play for using it. You will also download and update the relevant latest versions of the App and any relevant updates provided by Us to avail continued access to the App.
2. While the App is available to You free of cost, We may amend these Terms and impose a cost on the App in future. We don’t promise to but will try our best to give You a prior notice in this regard.
3. You will use the App only for such purposes as is permitted by (a) this Agreement; and (b) any law, regulation or generally accepted practices or guidelines applicable in the country of which You are a citizen, in which You are a resident or from where You use the App.
4. For Your use of the App, InShorts grants You a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable right to install and use the App on Your android device. However, You shall not copy the App or any of its components, except for the purpose of making a single archival back up copy.
5. InShorts also grants You a non-exclusive, non-transferable license to access such content on the App which is owned by InShorts. For using any content owned by a third party, You still require a license from such third party, We don’t license such content to You and Your use of content owned by a third party is governed by applicable terms and conditions prescribed by such third party.
F. RESTRICTIONS ON YOUR USE
1. You will not use the App or any content provided thereof for any purpose that is illegal, unlawful or prohibited by this Agreement.
2. You will not access (or attempt to access) the content provided through the App by any means other than through the App, unless You have been specifically allowed to do so in a separate written agreement with InShorts.
3. You will not redistribute, sublicense, rent, publish, sell, assign, lease, market, transfer, or otherwise make the App or any component or content thereof, available to third parties.
4. You will not circumvent or disable any digital rights management, usage rules, or other security features of App; remove, alter, or obscure any proprietary notices (including copyright notices) on any portion of the App; and not use the App in a manner that threatens the integrity, performance, or availability of the App.
5. You will not attempt to or engage in any activity that may:
(a) reverse engineer, decompile or otherwise extract the source code related to the App or any part thereof, unless it is expressly permitted by InShorts to You in writing or is required by the applicable law;
(b) use any robot, spider, retrieval application, or other device to retrieve or index any portion of the App or content thereof;
(c) collect information about users of the App for any illegal or unlawful purpose;
(d) create any user accounts by automated means or under false or fraudulent pretences for using the App;
(e) transmit any viruses, worms, defects, trojan horses, or any items of a destructive nature through the App;
(f) use the App in any manner that could damage, disable, overburden, or impair, or undertake any action which is harmful or potentially harmful to, any of the servers, networks, computer systems or resources connected to any of the servers connected, directly or indirectly to the App, or interfere with any other third party's use and enjoyment of the App;
(g) carry out any denial of service (DoS, DDoS) or any other harmful attacks on the App or; disrupt or place unreasonable burdens or excessive loads on, or interfere with or attempt to make, or attempt any unauthorized access to the App or any part of the App or any user of the App;
(h) forge headers or otherwise manipulate identifiers in order to disguise the origin of any content transmitted through the App; or
(i) obtain any materials or information through any means not intentionally made available, in the opinion of InShorts, through the App.
6. You will not impersonate another person or impersonate, guide or host on behalf of, or falsely state or otherwise misrepresent Your affiliation with any person or entity, including, but not limited to Our officials, employees, agents, partners, affiliates, dealers and franchisees.
G. TERMINATION
1. Your access to the App may be terminated if:
(a) You voluntarily uninstall the App from Your device;
(b) You knowingly or unknowingly cause direct or indirect breach, as ascertained by InShorts, of these Terms or Privacy Policy as a whole or in part; or
(c) You do not pay the requisite fee, if any, should InShorts charge for use of the App.
2. We may have to terminate Your access to the App if:
(a) We are required to do so by law (for example, where the access to and/or provision of the App to You becomes, unlawful);
(b) The third party, if any, with whom We offered the App to You has terminated its relationship with Us or ceased to offer the related services to Us or to You;
(c) The provision of App to You, is no longer commercially viable or feasible for Us; or
(d) You are a repeat infringer of this Agreement.
3. We may terminate this Agreement at any time, with or without notice and may procure disabling Your access to the App and/or barring You from any future use of the App.
4. You may terminate this Agreement at any time by terminating Your access to the App. However, Your certain obligations under this Agreement shall continue to prevail even on such termination.
5. When this Agreement comes to an end, all of the legal rights, obligations and liabilities that You and InShorts have benefited from, been subject to (or which have accrued over time whilst the Agreement has been in force) or which are expressed to continue indefinitely, shall be unaffected by this cessation, and shall continue to apply to such rights, obligations and liabilities indefinitely.
H. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
1. Your use of the App is, and at all times shall be, governed by and subject to the laws regarding copyright, trademark, patent, and trade secret ownership and use of intellectual property. You agree to abide by laws regarding copyright, trademark, patent, and trade secret ownership and use of intellectual property, and You shall be solely responsible for any violations of any laws and for any infringements of any intellectual property rights caused by Your use of the App through Your device.
2. InShorts owns and retains all the intellectual property rights to the summarized content made available to You through the App by InShorts but does not claim ownership rights to the original sources of information, which are instead held by the sites to which the App may link You.
3. All trademarks, brands and service marks of the App are the property of InShorts only. InShorts owns all of the copyrights and database in relation to the App.
4. The App and any underlying technology or software used in connection with the App may contain rights of InShorts or its affiliates or any third party. For use of any third party’s intellectual property, You may need to get permission directly from the owner of the intellectual property.
5. Any intellectual property which is not specifically mentioned to be owned by InShorts is owned by their respective owners and the owners have a right to take appropriate actions against You for any violation, infringement or passing off.
6. InShorts respects the intellectual property rights of others and does not hold any responsibility for any violations of any intellectual property rights by You.
I. PRIVACY
1. Our Privacy Policy (hyperlinked) explains how We treat Your personal data and protect Your privacy when You use the App. By using the App, You agree that We can use such data according to Privacy Policy.
2. You are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of passwords associated with any device You use to access the App. Accordingly, You are solely responsible for all activities that occur with Your device. If You become aware of any unauthorized use of Your device, You will notify the relevant authorities as soon as possible.
J. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION
1. Your use of the App or any content available thereof is entirely at Your own risk and We shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, special, exemplary, punitive, monetary or any other damages, fees, fines, penalties or liabilities whatsoever arising out of or relating to Your use of the App.
2. You may terminate Your access to the App if You are not satisfied with the App.
3. You shall defend, indemnify and hold InShorts, and its officers, directors, employees, representatives and agents harmless from and against any claims, actions, demands, liabilities, judgments, and settlements, including without limitation, reasonable legal fee that may result from or alleged to result from (a) Your use of the App; or (b) Your breach of any rules, regulations and/or orders under any applicable law.
4. You are also responsible for any breach of Your obligations under the Agreement and/or for the consequences of any such breach.
K. NO WARRANTIES
1. We shall make our best efforts to make the App available to You in the best possible manner. However, We disclaim all warranties in relation to the App, whether express or implied, including but not limited to:
(a) the App being constantly available or available at all;
(b) installation or un-installation choices in relation to the App being successfully executed in all cases;
(c) that App will always function without disruptions, delay or errors;
(d) Your personal ability to use the App;
(e) Your satisfaction with the use of the App;
(f) the accuracy of the data provided by the App;
(g) the security and privacy of Your data;
(h) that all bugs or errors in relation to the App will be corrected;
(i) that the App will be compatible with all devices and all networks;
(j) that the App is fit for a particular purpose or use; or
(k) that the App and the contents thereof are accessible in every location.
2. InShorts, its officers, directors, employees, affiliates and agents and any other service provider responsible for providing access to the App in connection with this Agreement will not be liable for any acts or omissions, including of a third party, and including those vendors participating in InShorts’ offerings made to You, or for any unauthorized interception of data or breaches of this Agreement attributable in part to the acts or omissions of third parties, or for damages associated with InShorts, or equipment that it does not furnish, or for damages that result from the operation systems, equipment, facilities or services provided by third parties that are interconnected with InShorts.
L. GOVERNING LAW AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION
1. The App may be controlled and operated through any country and may be subject to the laws of that country in which they are controlled and operated. If You use the App from any location, then, You are responsible for compliance with the local laws applicable to You.
2. This Agreement shall be governed by and shall be construed in accordance with the laws of India. All disputes relating to this Agreement shall be settled in the courts located at Delhi, India.
3. You and InShorts agree that any cause of action arising out of Your use of the App must be commenced within 3 (three) months after the cause of action accrues or You become aware of the facts giving rise to the cause of action, whichever is later. Otherwise, such cause of action shall be permanently barred.
M. NOTICES
1. InShorts may post notices within the App or send you notices on the e-mail address or the telephone number that You may have shared with Us. You will have received such notices within 3 (three) days of Us sending the notice. Your continued use of the App on expiry of such 3 (three) days shall constitute Your receipt and acceptance of the notices sent to You.
N. DISCLAIMER
1. The contents provided through the App may include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. InShorts may make changes or improvements to the App at any time. The contents or any information available on the App is provided "as is" and “as available” and without warranties of any kind either expressed or implied, to the fullest extent permissible pursuant to applicable law. InShorts does not warrant that the functions contained in the contents will be uninterrupted or error-free, that defects will be corrected, or the servers that make them available, are free of viruses or other harmful components. InShorts makes no commitment to update the materials on the interface. The above exclusion may not apply to You, to the extent that applicable law may not allow the exclusion of implied warranties. InShorts shall not be liable for any misuse or data theft as a consequence of Your use of the App.
2. YOU EXPRESSLY REPRESENT AND WARRANT THAT YOU WILL NOT USE THE APP IF YOU DO NOT UNDERSTAND, AGREE TO BECOME A PARTY TO, AND ABIDE BY ALL THE TERMS SPECIFIED IN THIS AGREEMENT. ANY VIOLATION OF THIS AGREEMENT MAY RESULT IN LEGAL LIABILITY UPON YOU. NOTHING IN THE AGREEMENT SHOULD BE CONSTRUED TO CONFER ANY RIGHTS TO ANY THIRD PARTY OR ANY OTHER PERSON.
Last updated on 30-June-2016.
Since You downloaded Our App from AppStore, You will also be subject to AppStore Terms and Conditions. If there is any conflict between AppStore Terms and Conditions and this Agreement with respect to Your use of the App, then, this Agreement shall prevail.
(a) “App” means the IOS mobile platform downloadable from AppStore and owned by InShorts, including any updates thereof.
(b) “AppStore” means the service provided by Apple Inc. and/or its affiliates, a third party, through which You may use in order to download the App.
(c) “AppStore Terms and Conditions” means terms and conditions that apply to the use of AppStore platform and as available at https://www.apple.com/legal/internet-services/itunes/appstore/jm/terms.html.
1. The App is designed to provide You an in-app browsing experience through an embedded browser. The App does not per se provide any news or content or information; but provides a brief summary of the content available in public domain within 60 (sixty) words or less by aggregating such content within one platform for easy access by You and for assisting You to find corresponding content of Your interest. The App does not host, display or transmit any content owned by third parties on its servers, unless We either have a license or are not prohibited under the applicable law, to do the same. When You read a summary, You may be linked to one of the online sources of such duly aggregated summary, upon swiping Your screen. You agree and acknowledge that the App does not report and/or broadcast any content (including news) on its own accord and InShorts is not responsible or liable for the content or accuracy of the summary of content that may be accessed by You through the App.
1. You will download and install the App from AppStore for using it. You will also download and update the relevant latest versions of the App and any relevant updates provided by Us to avail continued access to the App.
2. While the App is available to You free of cost, We may amend these Terms and impose a cost on the App or services provided through the App, in future, by giving You a prior notice in this regard.
4. For Your use of the App, InShorts grants You a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable right to install and use the App on Your IOS device. However, You shall not copy the App or any of its components, except for the purpose of making a single archival back up copy.
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The Open Book Of Social Innovation
Maria Fonseca
The Open Book Of Social Innovation. Intelligenthq
What is Social Innovation ? Why is it important ? What does it bring to society, and how is it impacting the world ?
Social innovation is usually defined as the process of designing, developing and growing new ideas that work to meet pressing unmet needs. Social Innovation is a relatively new field, even though it has a long history and one can point out various widely known examples of social innovators, going from the historical figure of Florence Nightingale, that revolutionized the nursing practices, during XIXth century Crimea War, to Muhammad Yunus, the inventor of microfinance.
Social innovation has been object of a lot of attention over the last few years, as an alternative to the existing structures and policies, coming from government policy on one hand, and market solutions on the other. These structures were inadequately addressing important issues such as climate change and widening inequality. As such, over the past three decades the world has seen a lively booming of new social ventures in both the developed and developing worlds, that operate across many sectors, from parts of the public sector, to the collaborative ‘household economy’ and the private market.
There is a fantastic resource on Social Innovation, that is available online to the ones interested in this field: Open Book Of Social Innovation. This book was the result of a partnership between Young Foundation and Nesta. It was published in 2010, trying to map the hundreds of methods and tools for innovation being used across the world, and making in it a vibrant picture of various examples of social innovation that demonstrates the vitality of this rapidly emerging economy.
The two organisations behind this project, are dedicated to the role that social innovation can play in addressing some of the most pressing issues of our time.
The Young Foundation is a leading independent centre for disruptive social innovation that works and helps new movements, institutions and companies that tackle the structural causes of inequality. Their mission is to create a more equal and just society, where each individual can be fulfilled in their own terms.
Nesta, who stands for National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts is an independent charity that works to support the innovation capacity of the UK. Their mission is to be an innovation charity that helps people and organizations bring great ideas to life. They act through a combination of practical programmes, investment, policy and research, and the formation of partnerships to sponsor and sustain innovation across a broad range of sectors.
The Open Book Of Social Innovation demonstrates the diversity of initiatives being led by entrepreneurs and campaigners, organisations and movements worldwide. This book entitles itself as a snapshot of what has been done until now.
According to the book much of the innovation going on in the world is pointing towards a new kind of economy entitled ‘social economy’ that is strikingly different from economies based on the production and consumption of commodities. “Social Economics” is characterised by:
The intensive use of distributed networks to sustain and manage relationships, helped by broadband, mobile and other means of communication.
Blurred boundaries between production and consumption.
An emphasis on collaboration and on repeated interactions, care and maintenance rather than one-off consumption.
A strong role for values and missions.
Four traits of Social Economics. Intelligenthq
The authors point out two themes as the ones that distinguish “social economics” as unique. One is the result of the latest technological improvements, particularly the wide dissemination of access to information, the social networking tools and the spread of networks; The second one comes from a shift in culture and values that emphasise the human dimension of the individual and relationships rather than systems and structures.
The book addresses all this issues in its three sections. Part 1 is dedicated to processes of innovation and it describes the stages of innovation. if some innovations develop in a linear way, others do not develop in a purely linear fashion, having as the end use of an innovation, something very different from the one that was originally envisaged;
The second part of the book looks at the key institutions which help to make innovation happen: funds, agencies, brokers, incubators, and intermediaries.
Finally, in part 3, the book analyses the conditions for innovation, including those within each economy: the public sector, the grant economy of civil society, the private sector, and the household, mentioning both structures and laws, as well as cultures.
Another interesting aspect approached in this book is how to measure success in the social economy. How to do it when the classical measuring tools followed by the markets such as scale, market share and profit don’t apply to “social economies” ? New measuring techniques need to be developed and implemented.
As we can see in the various examples of this valuable resource, Social Innovation is often the result of collaboration and mental creativity involving fluency and flexibility from a wide range of discipline. We welcome the reader to explore this valuable resource.
Maria Fonseca is the Editor and Infographic Artist for IntelligentHQ. She is also a thought leader writing about social innovation, sharing economy, social business, and the commons. Aside her work for IntelligentHQ, Maria Fonseca is a visual artist and filmmaker that has exhibited widely in international events such as Manifesta 5, Sao Paulo Biennial, Photo Espana, Moderna Museet in Stockholm, Joshibi University and many others. She concluded her PhD on essayistic filmmaking , taken at University of Westminster in London and is preparing her post doc that will explore the links between creativity and the sharing economy.
young foundation
‘A Call To Action’: Natasha Mudhar, From The World We Want, Asks For Public-Private Partnerships To Achieve The UN’s SDGs
Top Ten Ways To Incorporate Social Value Into Your Business
How Would We Picture Life In a Post-Growth World ?
How Are UK Political Parties Using Social Media ?
Financial Markets Knowledge and How It Can Help Your Business
Alternative Finance 24/11/2016
Where Does Money Come From?
Printed Promotional Items in a Digital World
Seedrs: A platform to invest in Start-ups
Crypto Currencies: Bitcoin and Ether, Benefits And Challenges ?
How to Get the Most Out Of A Conference
Business and Personal Growth Coaching Series By Richard Weaver – ...
Social Business 09/02/2016
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Ipswich: Town legend and radio star Alan Brazil in trouble again over comments about Robin Williams' death
PUBLISHED: 13:41 12 August 2014 | UPDATED: 14:28 12 August 2014
Alan Brazil on talkSPORT radio
Former Ipswich Town striker turned radio "Shock Jock" Alan Brazil has prompted new fury after telling listeners to Talksport that he had "No Sympathy" for the apparent suicide of actor/comedian Robin Williams.
He told listeners to his breakfast show, which also features former Rugby Union international Brian Moore that when he first woke up he thought his wife had said singer Robbie Williams had died before she corrected him.
He said: “It didn’t hit me hard. It would if it had been Robbie, and thank God it wasn’t.”
The two former sports stars then discussed the issue, with Moore trying to explain the seriousness of depression and how devastating suicide can be.
Brazil said: “I believe he’s got a daughter as well and what’s she feeling like this morning? She’s got to sort arrangements out, it’s just shocking, I really do. I don’t have a lot of sympathy, I’m sorry.”
Moore: “I think that’s harsh, Alan.”
Brazil: “Well maybe. But that that’s the way I feel, I’m sorry. I think what you leave behind is diabolical.”
Moore: “Death around depression is an awful matter and I’m very slow to judge people.”
The exchange prompted a furious reaction on Twitter – with many listeners using very strong language to express their disapproval.
One of those that is repeatable said: “Since Alan Brazil has said he has ‘no sympathy’ for Robin Williams I believe he should be sacked that’s an absolutely disgraceful comment.”
Others said they would not listen to the station again while Brazil remained on air.
This is not the first time the former Ipswich, Spurs, and Manchester United star has courted controversy on the subject.
Brazil prompted outrage three years ago when he told listeners: “If I’m being honest, I don’t understand the illness of depression.”
On that occasion he was talking about the depression suffered by cricketer Michael Yardy, adding: “I’m old school and I’m not arguing with a professor and I’m not arguing with Mr Michael Yardy, but sometimes in life you roll your sleeves up.”
The former Scotland international later said: “If it’s an illness, then fine it is. If it is, then I don’t know about it.”
Nesta Reeve, consultant clinical psychologist and clinical lead for wellbeing services at the Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, said Alan Brazil’s comments were “shocking”.
She said: “It highlights a lack of understanding about how hard it is to talk about depression.
“His attitude that people are weak if they are depressed is not helpful. Depression is just the same as a physical health problem. If you had cancer you would not be seen as weak.”
She added: “When you are feeling depressed your thinking is clouded and negative. You only see yourself as a burden to others and don’t see the impact it (killing yourself) has.
“Often these are hyper-sensitive people who feel they are no use to anyone. They believe people will be better off without them and cannot see the loss, sadness and distress they would cause (by taking their life).”
A spokeswoman for the radio station said today: “Talksport would like to apologise for any offence caused. Alan’s comments do not reflect the views of the station as a whole.”
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Clifton, Staten Island
Coordinates: 40°37′12″N 74°04′41″W / 40.620°N 74.078°W / 40.620; -74.078
A view over Clifton with Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in the background.
Location in New York City
Clifton is a neighborhood on the North Shore of Staten Island in New York City, United States. It is an older waterfront neighborhood, facing Upper New York Bay on the east. It is bordered on the north by Stapleton, on the south by Rosebank, on the southwest by Concord, and on the west by Van Duzer Street.
The name "Clifton" for the area dates to 1817, when a town by the name, larger in area than the present neighborhood, was laid out along the waterfront. In its early history, much of the surrounding land was owned by the Vanderbilt family. As a young man, Cornelius Vanderbilt established ferry service from the waterfront to Manhattan at the foot of present Vanderbilt Avenue. Bayley Seton Hospital, north of Vanderbilt Avenue, was formerly the United States Public Health Service Hospital and housed the original headquarters of the National Institutes of Health (now located in Bethesda, Maryland).
In the 1840s the Townsend family built a huge home that had turrets so it was called the Townsend Castle. It was located at what is now Townsend Avenue and Tompkins Avenue. In the 1870s many roads and large homes were built near the water. The area has many Victorian houses left from the late 1800s in the area from Vanderbilt to Norwood Avenues.
In the 1850s Clifton was the birthplace of the Republican Party (United States). The earliest meetings of the party were at the Clifton Park Pagoda. Early Presidential Speeches were made by John C. Frémont of Staten Island, Horace Greely and George William Curtis of Staten Island . These were consdered the founders of the GOP. The park is gone, it was located at the Vanderbilt Ferry Landing at the foot of Townsend Avenue and Greenfield Avenue. John C Fremont was the first Republican Presidential Candidate.
In the 1870s Clifton was the home of the clubhouse of New York Yacht Club. It was the site of the Americas Cup Races from 1870 to 1900. It was also home of the Clifton Yacht Club and the Clifton Tennis Club.
In 1900 the Fox Hills Golf Club encompassed the entire area of where the Park Hill Apartments are now. There was a big clubhouse on Vanderbilt Avenue. Many tournaments were held there until the 1935 when it closed. The land was taken over by the government and used for military barracks during World War II. By the 1950s, it evolved into a middle-class, multi-ethnic community of civil employees including firemen, teachers, and doctors.
For Park Hill - See Park Hill, Staten Island, NY Park Hill, Staten Island, NY is not actually in "Clifton" maps and has always been its own distinct neighborhood . See the link for Park Hill. Clifton neigborhood runs from Bay Street ( Clifton Train Station) to Park Hill, Staten Island, NY, to Stapleton and Rosebank. The houses in Clifton are mostly one family homes.
Ralph Munroe - famous Yacht designer.
Alice Sargent Johnson – artist
William Emerson – judge, lived on Tompkins Avenue near Vanderbilt Avenue, eldest brother of Ralph Waldo Emerson.
Frederick Law Olmstead - lived on Norwood Avenue.
Henry David Thoreau – author, spent summers at the Emerson house in the 1840s, where he tutored the children of Judge William Emerson and penned several letters to Ralph Waldo Emerson. He wrote Staten Island is a beautiful garden.
John Carrère – architect who designed New York Public Library; lived in Clifton. He designed the Vanderbilt Houses that still stand at Vanderbilt and Tompkins Avenue.
Frederick Law Olmstead Lived in Clifton with his family. The ferry stopped at Vanderbilt landing.
Wu-Tang Clan – hip-hop group; 6 of 9 members—RZA, Method Man, Raekwon, Inspectah Deck, Cappadonna, and U-God—are from Staten Island.
Gus Edwards - NFL player for the Baltimore Ravens.
List of Staten Island neighborhoods
Anonymous, Illustrated sketch book of Staten Island, NY: Its industries and commerce, New York 1886 page 133, Excerpt at www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nyrichmo .
Stapleton, Clifton, and Rosebank, forgotten-ny.com.
Liberian asylum-seeker keeps memory of victims alive
Eibs Park at New York City Parks Department
Neighborhoods in the New York City borough of Staten Island
Arden Heights
Bay Terrace
Brighton Heights
Bulls Head
Castleton Corners
Egbertville
Emerson Hill
Graniteville
Greenridge
Grymes Hill
Hamilton Park
Heartland Village
Lighthouse Hill
Manor Heights
Mariners Harbor
Meiers Corners
Midland Beach
New Dorp
New Springville
Old Place
Pleasant Plains
Port Ivory
Prince's Bay
Randall Manor
Richmondtown
Richmond Valley
Stapleton Heights
Tottenville
Tottenville Beach
West New Brighton
Geographic sections: East Shore
Mid-Island
Community boards: 1
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The Technical College of the Lowcountry will hold a grand opening for its Veterans Resource Center from noon until 3 p.m. Nov. 11 at its campus on Ribaut Road in Beaufort. Light refreshments will be served and tours of TCL's aviation lab offered.
Bluffton American Legion, Post 205, is sponsoring a Veterans' Day Parade at 10 a.m. Nov. 11 in Bluffton. The parade begins on Bridge Street, moves to Calhoun treet and finishes at the Promenade in Old Town. Any Veteran wishing to march or ride on the American Legion float can Art Ranta at 843-757-7918 or email rantastamps@gmail.com
The Mary Green Men's Chorale will hold a Veterans Day concert at 7:30 p.m. Nov. 11. "Songs of the Sea" takes place at 7:30 p.m. at Holy Family Catholic Church, 24 Pope Ave., Hilton Head. General admission tickets are $20; $25 for reserved row seating. Money raised will go toward Backpack Buddies and the Junior Navy ROTC. For details call 843-890-0953 or visit www.marygreenmenschorale.com.
The public is invited to the Veterans Day ceremony at 10 a.m. Nov. 11 at the Veterans Memorial at Shelter Cove Community Park on Hilton Head Island. Presented by the Military Veterans Coalition of Hilton Head, this year's ceremony is hosted by Arthur Wiley Post No. 49 of the American Legion. Its theme is Our Community Honoring Our Veterans: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow. The keynote speaker will be retired U.S. Air Force Maj. Gen. Harold "Mitch" Mitchell, a native of Sheldon in northern Beaufort County. Local veterans, students, musicians and pastors will participate. For details, call Perry White at 843-681-4308.
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Jain Shaadi > Jain > Jain - Khandelwal Shaadi in United States Of America
Jain Jain Jain - Khandelwal Shaadi in United States Of America
Location : Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
Education : M Tech
She is a mature, independent and understanding individual with a background comprising of value-based morals and ethics, and sound educational qualifications. Her family is based out of Jhalawar in Rajasthan. Her father is a renowned Professor of Medicine in Jhalawar Medical College and mother is Principal Chief Medical Officer of Jhalawar Hospital. Her older brother is married and well settled in the USA for the past 10 years. He has been working in Chicago after having completed his Masters from Northwestern University and BTech from IIT Madras. Her sister-in-law is also working in Chicago in the software industry.
Location : Bloomington-Normal, Illinois, United States of America
I have completed my Masters in IT and MBA from USA. Currently working as a Software Developer. Like to travel, cook, swim, play tennis and table tennis. Lets connect to know more about each other.
Location : HILLSBORO, Oregon, United States of America
Education : Ph D
My name is Ankit Jain and I am working as an Engineer - Non IT in the Private Sector. I have completed my Ph.D.. I grew up in a Middle Class, Nuclear Family with Moderate Values.
Location : Sunnyvale, California, United States of America
I grew up in Indore, India and moved to the US for grad school. I am currently working as a Software Engineer in the San Francisco Bay area. I love hiking, impromptu road trips and traveling. I'm a big foodie and love to cook as well. I like staying active either by working out in the gym or playing cricket or tennis. Please feel free to connect if you want to know more.
Education : MSc IT / Computer Science
My name is Arihant j and I work in the Private Sector as a Software Professional. I belong to a Middle Class, Nuclear Family with Liberal Values. I have completed my M.Sc. IT / Computer Science..I have 3 sister elder to me and all of them are in USA.I am also willing to settle in USA.
Location : San Jose, California, United States of America
Occupation : Hardware Professional
My son is good looking and down to earth confident person belonging to a well respected family. I believe in living in the present, but with an eye on the future and believe in enjoying every moment of life.
My name is Ankit Jain and I work in the Private Sector as a Not in list. I belong to a Middle Class, Joint Family with Moderate Values. I have completed my M.S.(Engg.).
Location : Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
My name is Akshay Jain and I have completed my MS in Elect. & Computer Engg. and pursuing at final stage of completion Ph.D. from University of Missouri USA .Presently living in USA .I belong to a Middle Class, Joint Family with Traditional Values.
India Shaadi United Arab Emirates Shaadi Canada Shaadi United Kingdom Shaadi Australia Shaadi Singapore Shaadi Germany Shaadi
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S.A.N.D. School K-2 Students Enjoy Author Visit
This December S.A.N.D. School and the Ropkins Branch of The Hartford Public Library enjoyed a visit from award winning children’s author, Catherine Gibson. Cathy’s non-fiction books are based upon her own teaching experiences at The American School for the Deaf, and the experiences of other Connecticut residents who succeed in spite of disabilities. Cathy’s two “Sophie” books include the sign language translations and finger-spellings of the words in the story.
Her most recently published book encourages readers to look within themselves to find, “What’s Your Something Special?” Ms. Gibson shared her message of love and acceptance by teaching students in grades K to two how to sign “Sunshine on My Shoulder” and by reading and signing from her books. Her 2014-2015 book-tour has taken her to schools and libraries as far away as California, but we are fortunate that she stopped near her hometown of Bristol, Connecticut to work with our students here at S.A.N.D.
Mr. Curtis Porter, Director of Community Outreach said that this event “fosters our school-wide and district-wide goals to increase parent involvement and forge a partnership with our city and community organizations”. Parents who enjoyed the event include, Ms. Luz Feliciano, whose daughters’ Ashley and Kimberly attend S.A.N.D. Ashley Silva-Feliciano assisted Cathy Gibson during her reading. For additional information on author and public television host, Catherine Gibson please visit the website: www.forchildrenwithlove.com.
Reading Specialist, Ms. Amanda Argazzi is grateful to all of the staff and students who helped her to plan this event and to make it special for our S.A.N.D. families.
Dr. Zandralyn Gordon, Classical Magnet Principal Receives Collin Bennett/Marcus Garvey Award
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Homepage > Katalog > Betriebswirtschaftslehre > Rechnungswesen, Bilanzierung, Steuern
Assessment of Principles and Practices of Good Governance in Tax Administration
1.4.1 General objective
1.4.2 Specific Objectives
1.5.1 Policy Makers
1.5.2 ERCA
1.5.3 Future Researchers
1.6.1 Thematic Focus
1.6.2 Organizational Focus
1.6.3 Geographic Focus
2.1 Taxation
2.1.1 Concept of Taxation
2.1.2 Tax Reform Trends
2.1.3 Coercive and Consensual Taxation
2.2 Income Tax Assessment
2.2.1 Presumptive Tax System
2.2.2 The Process of Income Tax Assessment
2.2.3 Procedures for Income Tax Assessment
2.3 Good Governance
2.3.1 Principles of Good Governance
2.3.2 Good Governance in the Context of Public Sector
2.4 Taxation and Good Governance
2.4.1 The Role of Good Governance in Taxation and Tax Reform
2.4.2 Contribution of Taxation to Good Governance
2.4.3 Measuring Good Governance in Tax Administration
2.5 Tax Administration in Ethiopia
2.5.1 The Tax Authority
2.5.2 Code of Conduct for Tax Authority Employees
2.5.3 Tax Review and Appeals
2.5.4 Categories of Tax Payers
2.5.5 Tax and Tax Administration Reform
2.5.6 Challenges in Tax Administration
2.6 Conceptual Framework for the Study
3.1 The Study Area
3.1.1 Geography
3.1.2 Demography
3.1.3 Economic Activity
3.1.4 The City Administration
3.1.5 Public Finance
3.3 Sources of Data
3.4 Sampling
3.5 Data Collection Methods/Tools
3.5.1 KAP Questionnaire
3.5.2 Survey Questionnaire
3.5.3 Key Informant Interview
3.5.4 Document Review
3.5.5 Research Diary
3.6 Summary of Research Methods and Tools
3.7 Research/Assessment Framework
4 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Profile of Respondents
4.2 Common Understanding and Commitment to Good Governance
4.3 Awareness of Policies, Strategies and Guidelines/Standards to Institutionalize Good Governance
4.4 Human Resources Capacity
4.5 Assessment and Collection of Taxes
4.6 Overall Assessment of Good Governance
5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusions
5.2 Recommendations
Annex 1: List of Persons Contacted
Annex 3: Data Collection Tools
Annex 3.1: Detailed Data Collection Questions/Key Informant Interview Guidelines
Annex 3.2: Knowledge, Attitude and Perception (KAP) Questionnaires for Staff of ERCA
Annex 3.3: Survey Questionnaire for Category "C" Tax Payers
Annex 3.4: Document Review Guidelines
Table 1: Addis Ababa City Population Estimates (July 2014-July 2017)
Table 2: Addis Ababa Population Estimate by Sex, Area and Density by Sub-City, July 2014
Table 3: GDP (at constant factor cost) of Addis Ababa: EFY1998 (2005/06) - EFY2002 (2009/10)
Table 4: Employed Population by Major Industrial Divisions in Addis Ababa, 2013
Table 5: Addis Ababa City Government, Budget Allocated for the 2014/15 Fiscal Year, June
Table 6: Sources of Revenue for the Addis Ababa City Administration, 2014
Table 7: Summary of Research Methods and Tools
Table 8: Gender Distribution of Tax Payers and Employees
Table 9: Address of Informants (Sub-City)
Table 10: Sectors of Involvement for Tax Payers
Table 11: Age of Employees Contacted
Table 12: Duration of Service of Employees
Table 13: Measures to Ensure Ownership of Good Governance Principles
Table 14: Attention to Participation, Transparency & Accountability in Activities
Table 15: ERCA’s Response to Corruption
Table 16: Identification and Response to Misconduct in ERCA
Table 17: Knowledge of the Code of Conduct for ERCA Employees
Table 18: Taxpayers’ View of Accessibility of ERCA’s Compliant Mechanisms
Table 19: Dissemination of Comments from Users
Table 20: Participation of Employees in Evaluations
Table 21: Accessibility of Complaints Mechanism to Employees
Table 22: Regular Evaluation of the Capacity of ERCA Employees to Implement Principles of
Table 23: Effectiveness of is the Mechanism for Evaluation of Employees in the ERCA
Table 24: Opportunities for Leaders and Employees of ERCA to Develop their Competences
Table 25: Existence of a Human Resources Development Policy
Table 26: Evaluation of Measures to Ensure Adoption and Application of Good Governance
Principles among Stakeholders
Table 27: Fairness of the Amount of Taxes
Table 28: Objectivity of Criteria for the Assessment of Taxes
Table 29: Fairness in the Assessment of Daily/Annual Income
Table 30: Fairness between Similar businesses in the Same Area
Table 31: Use of Taxpayer Provided Information on Income in Tax Assessment
Table 32: Accessibility of Tax Information
Table 33: Provision of Adequate Information for taxpayers
Table 34: Understanding of Good Governance Principles in Theory and Practice
Table 35: Response to Violations of the Code of Conduct
Table 36: Adequacy of Contact and Communication with Taxpayers
Table 37: The level of confidence of taxpayer to ask officials of ERCA
Table 38: Accessibility of information from ERCA
Table 39: Accessibility of Organizational Documents and Activity Reports of ERCA
Table 40: Ease of Expressing Opinions on the Activities of ERCA
Mebrahtu Woldu is the Deputy Director of the Institute of Leadership and Good Governance (ILG), Ethiopian Civil Service University (ECSU). He is also a lecturer with the Institute. He holds BA and MA degrees in political science from the College of Social Sciences, Addis Ababa University.
Ghetnet Metiku Woldegiorgis is a freelance socio-legal researcher working with consultancy firms and public institutions including the Institute of Leadership and Good Governance (ILG), Ethiopian Civil Service University (ECSU). He holds LLB (Bachelor of Laws) and MA degrees from the Faculty of Law and Good Governance, Center for Human Rights Studies, Addis Ababa University.
The significance of good governance in ensuring effective tax administration in the public sector and enhancing tax collection is an undeniable fact that is generally accepted. Yet, there is scanty empirical evidence on the actual application of the principles of good governance in the structure and operation of public sector institutions and its outcome, particularly in the tax administration system. Hence, purpose of this study is to investigate the measures taken to institutionalize the principles of good governance within the Ethiopian Revenues and Customs Authority (ERCA). More specifically, the study assessed the level of conceptual understanding and commitment to the principles of good governance, measures taken to create ownership of the principles; the extent to which the ERCA put in place organizational policies, standards, strategies and structures to institutionalize good governance, and measures taken to improve human resource capacity to implement the principles of good governance. In terms of scope, the study focuses on the assessment and collection of taxes from category “C” taxpayers in selected sub-city branches of the ERCA. The research is essentially a case study that uses quantitative and qualitative data gathered from primary and secondary sources to inform its findings. The bulk of the data for this study was generated from primary sources namely, the leadership and staff of the ERCA and category ‘c’ taxpayers as clients of the Authority. The study accessed these informants through key informant interviews, knowledge, attitude and perception (KAP) questionnaires and survey questionnaires. The research also utilized secondary sources in the form of documentation on the activities of the ERCA. Secondary data was gathered from both print and electronic sources including academic literature, laws and policies, organizational documents, and the ERCA website. The study found that, while there have been efforts to institutionalize the principles of good governance in the structure and operations of ERCA, these measures have not had the anticipated level of impact felt by the employees and clients of the Authority. This has been expressed in the limited confidence of employees and clients on the limited extent to which good governance principles have been internalized by the Authority, and the inadequate capacity of the Authority to identify and address instances of misconduct and corruption. The application of existing organizational policies and codes of conduct was also strongly questioned. Ultimately, this has led to a negative assessment of the quality of the tax assessment and collection process for category ‘C’ taxpayers by ERCA. The study came up with a set of recommendations to address the identified gaps and challenges. Major among these are: a comprehensive branding exercise within ERCA targeting internal and external stakeholders including a review of programming from a good governance perspective; broader dissemination and implementation of the employee’s code of conduct within a comprehensive implementation, monitoring and evaluation framework, and adoption and implementation of an effective communication strategy; sensitizing and building the capacities of staff and leadership on good governance, and mainstreaming good governance in the staff recruitment, development and evaluation system; and, reviewing the process of tax assessment and collection for category ‘c’ taxpayers from a good governance perspective. The study findings also indicate the need for further research on the causes of high staff turnover in ERCA, and a more effective and fairer system of complaints handling for ERCA employees and category ‘c’ taxpayers.
Key words: Taxation, Tax Administration, Good Governance, Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Category C Taxpayers, Ethiopian Revenue and Customs Authority, principles of good governance
Taxation is central to the current economic development agenda. Taxation is even more important for developing countries and forms an integral part of their development policies. It provides a stable flow of revenue to finance development priorities, such as strengthening physical infrastructure. It is also interwoven with numerous other policy areas, from good governance and formalizing the economy, to spurring growth as well as a determinant factor for the process of international trade and flow of investment. For developing countries, taxation: “provides governments with the funding required to build the infrastructure on which economic development and growth are based; creates an environment in which business is conducted and wealth is created; shapes the way government activities are undertaken; and, plays a central role in domestic resource mobilization”. (Pfister 2009, 5-6)
The impact of taxation on economic development has been a subject of academic and policy discourse for a long time. While the negative impacts of higher taxes on economic growth have to be taken into account, arguments in favor of taxation as a spur for growth are also widely evident. One important objective of taxation, which is often referred to as the oldest ‘revenue objective’ of taxation, is revenue collection to finance public expenditure. The core argument is that “public expenditure can enhance productivity, such as the provision of infrastructure, public education, and health care” and “... taxation provides the means to finance these expenditures and indirectly can contribute to an increase in the growth rate”. (Myles 2007, 5) The revenue generation objective of taxation is particularly important for countries with low levels of industrialization with little or no exportable resources such as oil. (Tanzi and Shome 1992, 50) This has become even more so in the context of greater emphasis on domestic resource mobilization gaining importance during periods of unstable commodity prices, global economic crises and ambitious poverty eradication and economic transformation goals. (Kariuki 2003, 4)
However, revenue generation is not always the key or even a major objective behind taxation. In fact, many countries prioritize economic efficiency as the major goal of their tax systems. Taxation could also be used to direct economic development through nuances in the tax structure. For instance, setting aside the various national peculiarities,[1]Taiwan, South Korea and Singapore used taxes as incentives to invest and save, to promote equity, to discourage excessive imports and promote industry-led exports and increase foreign direct investment during their industrialization phase. (Tanzi and Shome 1992, 37-40)
A comparative study of revenue systems in African countries that explores the evolution and performance of the local and central government tax systems published in 1999 based on the experiences of Namibia, Tanzania and Uganda found that taxation is even more critical for poor aid-dependent African countries. In the case of these countries, “the issue of domestic revenue mobilization significantly influences their potential for economic growth and democratic consolidation”. (Fjeldstad and Therkildsen 2004, 3)
Recognizing the critical importance of taxation, countries across the world have put in place tax systems taking into account their specific circumstances. These tax systems principally consist of three interrelated components: tax policy, the tax laws and the tax administration. (Kariuki 2003, 5) Tax policy and tax laws mainly set out the substance of the tax system in terms of the tax base and rules for the assessment and collection of taxes. Tax administration, on the other hand puts in place the system for the actual collection of taxes by designated government bodies, usually a tax authority.
The purpose of the tax administration system is to assess and collect taxes due the public purse. (Das- Gupta and Mookherjee 1998, 28) In other words, “a central objective of tax administration is to collect the full amount of taxes due under the tax laws in a cost effective manner and according to a high standard of integrity”. (Brondolo, et al. 2008, 4) The fiscal function of collecting the planned amount of tax revenues to fulfill the need for public expenditure is the most important task of tax administration. (Trasberg 2004, 5) In general, tax administration is concerned with five important functions. These are: “information and instruction to taxpayers; registration, organizing and processing tax returns; coercive collection; control and supervision; and, legal services and complaints”. (Ott 1998, 6) In this process, tax administration systems face serious challenges relating to the volume of revenue collected, the efficiency of the system and the legitimacy of the tax system.
There are a range of problems that hamper the efficiency and effectiveness of tax administration in many countries. These include: “a steadily growing workload, the complexity of fiscal legislation, the attitude of taxpayers and the degree of non-compliance, the need to improve customer service, the need to reduce costs of tax assessment and collection, and the need for efficient and effective management”. (Hogye 2005, 2) Efforts to address these challenges often take the form of tax administration reform in the context of a broader tax system, public finance management, or a general public sector reform process. (Trasberg 2004,13)
The purpose of tax administration reform is multifaceted in the sense that it seeks to address the challenges of tax administration in a comprehensive manner. (Kariuki 2003, 32) To this end, reform processes seek to enhance effectiveness in terms of reducing the tax gap (the difference between legal tax obligations and the amount of revenue realized), enhancing voluntary compliance as an alternative or supplementary to assessment by tax authorities, and ensuring the efficient use of resources in tax assessment and collection. (Hogye 2005, 4) Ultimately, tax administration reform initiatives aim to bring about a tax administration system that could: “(a) promote voluntary compliance; (b) be efficient, by raising the maximum amount of revenue under the law with the least cost and effort; (c) be effective and administratively capable of delivering the desired policy objectives; and (d) equitable, offering fair treatment of taxpayers”. (Crawford 2013, 6) These issues are closely interrelated and require coordinated reform measures. (Trasberg 2004, 5) The focus of attention is usually on three areas of reform, i.e. performance, effectiveness and quality of services provided for taxpayers. (Hogye 2005, 10)
Thus, tax administration reform is concerned with more than an increase in the revenue collected for the public purse. Issues of efficiency and accountability in the collection of public revenue also figure high in the reform agenda. Tax administration reform also addresses the relationships between the tax administration system and the taxpayers. In working towards revenue collection objectives, tax authorities seek “to help taxpayers comply with the requirements of the tax laws and to enforce compliance when taxpayers fail to do so voluntarily”. (Brondolo, et al. 2008, 4) The success of these measures depends to a large extent on changes in the attitudes of tax payers through focus on taxpayers, taxpayer information and engagement. (Ott 1998, 9-10) Moreover, responsiveness to the circumstances of taxpayers is a major challenge of revenue authorities. (OECD 2001, 4) This calls for accessible, dependable and timely information service, accurate and timely treatment of requests and appeals and consultation with taxpayers and other stakeholders on procedures and policies as well as putting in place policies and procedures that are transparent and protection of taxpayers’ information. (OECD 2001, 4)
In addition to ensuring efficiency and effectiveness, the process has to satisfy the democratic requirements of fairness and justice in the provision of services to citizens as taxpayers. (Ott 1998, 4) This in turn requires the application of tax laws in a fair, reliable and transparent manner. The development and introduction of taxpayers’ charters in many countries reflects the broad recognition of the rights and responsibilities of taxpayers in tax administration and tax administration reform. (Hogye 2005, 4)
The relationship between tax authorities and taxpayers represents one aspect of the interaction between the government and citizens. The very rationale of the principles of good governance is to guide this relationship. As such, tax administration and tax administration reform should incorporate the principles of good governance as a matter of necessity. (Rizal, Lessons from Indonesian Tax Administration Reform Phase I (2001-2008): Does Good Governance Matter 2009, 419) The principles of good governance also contribute to a more transparent and accountable tax administration. On the other hand, increased integrity in the tax system and its administration contributes to wider public sector governance and transparency goals. In this respect, three principles of good governance are especially crucial for tax administration. These are participation, transparency and accountability. (Rizal, Lessons from Indonesian Tax Administration Reform Phase I (2001-2008): Does Good Governance Matter 2009, 420)
Taxation provides the resources to finance public expenditure. The very survival of the state depends on its ability to finance its institutions and operations. Moreover, tax revenue can jump- start or enhance economic and social development through investment in infrastructure and basic social services. (Myles 2007, 6) It also affords the state one of the most important tools to encourage specific sectors or activities while discouraging others by directing private sector investment through incentives and disincentives. (Tanzi and Shome, Taxation and Development in East Asian Countries 1992, 56) Tax revenue plays a central role in ensuring “economic efficiency, distributional equity, macroeconomic sustainability and revenue sustainability'". (New Zealand Treasury 2013) Taxation is especially important for developing countries in the context of the substantial investment necessary for poverty reduction efforts as well as the financial crisis traditional donor countries are facing. (Keen 2012, 3)
States across the world have been/are engaged in tax reform, including reform of their tax administration systems. Tax reforms vary among countries. Many countries focus on the tax structure, i.e. raising or reducing taxes. There have been a series of US tax reforms mainly focusing on tax structure, i.e. tax rates, in the 1920s, 1960s and 1980s. (Engen and Skinner 1996, 622) These were followed by other rounds of tax reform in 1981, 1986, 1990, 1993 (Auerbach and Hines 2011, 13) Others introduce new taxes or shift away from a form of tax. France and Britain introduced VAT in the 1960s while the US shifted away from corporate taxation. (Engen and Skinner 1996, 625) The introduction of VAT, a form of direct tax, has characterized the tax reform efforts of developing countries spearheaded by the IMF in the past three decades, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. (Keen 2012, 11)
Generally, taxation reforms across the world focused on: the introduction of the value-added tax; lower personal and corporate income taxes; broadening of the tax bases; reduction of import duties and simplification of the rate structure; abolition of export taxes; and, avoiding excessive reliance on special tax incentives for investors. (Pfister 2009, 11) However, the specific basket of measures constituting tax reform in a specific country depends on balancing the revenue, redistribution and representation roles taxation plays in a society in light of the socio-economic context. (Cobham 2005, 2)
Another important aspect of tax reform is tax administration reform usually in the form of the creation of quasi-independent tax authorities. This trend, which was informed by successful experiences in Latin America, was seen as “a way of addressing the corruption and political interference seen as fundamental obstacles to effective and fair taxation in many low income countries'’. (Keen 2012, 12) The establishment of autonomous revenue authorities has been a popular tax reform policy trend, especially in Anglophone Africa. (Pfister 2009, 14) This is often seen as a precursor to wider tax administration reform through broader autonomy and particularized attention to tax administration challenges.
The link between tax administration/tax administration reform and good governance has been established in recent/current academic literature and international good practice. (Carey 2005) Taxation and tax administration are part of the overall policy framework in a country. As such, the interplay between tax administration reform and other areas of reform, including public sector governance, is to be expected. (Pfister 2009) In fact, one of the imperatives for an optimal tax policy is “promoting good governance, underpinned by effective taxation that promotes the accountability of governments to citizens and the investment community'’. (Pfister 2009, 5) The experience of countries with resource-based economies is also indicative of the correlation between taxation and good governance. There is a wealth of relevant research establishing the existence of a strong connection between the ways in which governments are financed and the ways in which they govern. (Moore 2007, 8) Low tax-burden in resource rich countries can lead to less disciplined government, the undermining of the likelihood of good policy outcomes and widespread exclusion. (Cobham 2005, 5)
Obviously, countries should pursue good in and by itself as part of their development and democratization endeavors. There is almost unanimous consensus on the essential and positive contributions of good governance for economic development. (Avellaneda 2006, 2) Empirical data from across the globe shows that the ‘development dividend’ of good governance is substantial and “high-quality institutions have the power, over the long run, to raise per capita incomes and promote growth in all parts of the world". (The World Bank 2006, 1) The former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan has also described good governance in terms of implications for democratization as “a force ensuring respect for human rights and the rule of law, strengthening democracy, promoting transparency and capacity in public administration'" (Weiss 2000)
The ‘Worldwide Governance Indicators’ developed by the World Bank identify six dimensions of good governance, namely, voice and accountability, political stability and absence of violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption. (The World Bank 2006, 2-3) Implementing good governance means improving one of more of these dimensions. Among these key dimensions of good governance, three are especially relevant for tax administration. (Kaufmann, Kraay and Mastruzzi 2010, 4) These are:
- Government effectiveness, which measures the quality of public services, the quality of the civil service and the degree of its independence from political pressures, the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the credibility of the government’s commitment to those policies;
- Regulatory quality, which measures the ability of the government to formulate and implement sound policies and regulations that permit and promote private sector development; and,
- Control of corruption, which measures the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as “capture" of the state by elites and private interests.
Good governance entails improvements in government effectiveness in the form of ‘the quality of the civil service and the degree of its independence from political pressures'. Since the tax administration system is part of the civil service, it follows that good governance entails improvements in the tax administration. Similarly, implementation of good governance means improved government capacity to promote private sector development. This is one of the core purposes of the tax administration. Finally, good governance is about effective control of corruption, which is one of the most important challenges in the tax administration system.
At the organizational level, public sector governance is “the set of responsibilities and practices, policies and procedures, exercised by an agency’s executive, to provide strategic direction, ensure objectives are achieved, manage risks and use resources responsibly and with accountability". (Commonwealth of Australia 2007, 1) This understanding underlines the responsibility to ensure that good governance practices are integrated within all aspects of the organization as well as the responsibility to apply governance practices and procedures in day-today activities. In this public sector organizational sense, good governance is important because it helps an organization achieve its objectives while failure to integrate good governance, i.e. bad governance, can bring about the decline or even demise of an organization. (Commonwealth of Australia 2007, 2) Yet, ultimately, good governance in public sector organizations has overall developmental and democratic goals. It still “... refers to government agencies’ conduct in implementing innovative policies and programmes to increase the quality of public service with the ultimate aim of increasing economic growth". (Mardiasmo, Barnes and Sakurai 2008, 2)
Conversely, tax administration reform can contribute to state building and good governance in the sense that tax policies can serve as avenues to promote the accountability of governments to their citizens. (ATAF 2012) In the words of one author:
“Effective taxation underpins effective governance, especially as taxation presents an avenue to promote the accountability of governments to citizens. A key component of a capable state is the existence of an efficient and effective tax administration. A solid taxation system also encourages good governance. A fair and transparent tax system - one which is free from corruption and which applies the rule of law - provides a benchmark for governance more generally." (Pfister 2009, 14)
This is why initiatives to support tax administration reform in developing countries identify strengthening democratic institutions and processes in beneficiary countries through improving the relationship between states and citizens among their key objectives. (OECD 2009)
The utility of good governance principles in public sector reform initiatives aimed at enhancing development and democratization is broadly accepted and advocated. (Gisselquist 2012, 1) This is especially so in the context of civil service reform or public sector reform designed to bring about “systemic and sustainable performance improvement in the public sector(Turner 2013, 3) Empirically, governance reform “in core public sector, such as civil service, public expenditure and financial management, revenue collection, and legal and judicial systems'’ has been prominent. (Kulshreshtha 2008, 560) In the context of developing and newly democratizing countries, civil service reform is viewed as the most important task without which “constitutional and political reforms designed to democratize the state and increase its capacity as an agent of development cannot succeed’. (Nzongola-Ntalaja 2011, 8) The World Bank’s ‘Public Sector Governance Reform Framework’ recognizes that “... developing countries face a growing need to reform their public institutions to provide better performance incentives to their public officials and to reduce the service delivery bias by ensuring greater transparency and accountability in decision making'’. (Kulshreshtha 2008, 557)
Accordingly, international development agencies and governments have developed guidelines, and standards for public sector reform based on the principles of good governance. A case in point is the World Bank’s ‘Public Sector Governance Reform Framework’. Similarly, the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy (CIPFA) and the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) have come up with the International Public Sector Governance Framework establishing a benchmark for good governance in the public sector. (IFAC 2013) At the national level, the Good Governance Standard for Public Services, which was developed by the UK’s Independent Commission for Good Governance in Public Services, has identified six principles of good governance that are common to all public service organizations. (OPM and CIPFA 2004) There are also more specific standards designed to guide tax administration reform with the principles of good governance playing a central role. One good example is the OECD Principles of Good Tax Administration. (OECD 2001) The Fiscal Blueprints containing the most significant principles of good tax administration developed by the IntraEuropean Organization of Tax Administrations (IOTA) is another important standard. (IOTA 2003)
Revenue collection agencies undertake one of the most fundamental of state functions, i.e. ‘the mobilization of sufficient revenues to cover all of the state’s functions’. Thus, it is only logical that reform of revenue collection agencies ought to be a top priority within civil service reform initiatives. (Nzongola-Ntalaja 2011, 10) Accordingly, countries have sought to make good governance a key basis and component of their tax administration reform initiatives. (ATAF 2012, 40-41) Good governance elements and initiatives were infused into the tax administration reforms to increase taxpayer compliance, to enlarge public trust in tax administration, and to improve the productivity of tax officer” by “... by making procedures more transparent, ensuring that the systems more accountable, and improving officer integrity'”. (Rizal, Lessons from Indonesian Tax Administration Reform Phase I (2001-2008): Does Good Governance Matter 2009, 414) This practice of using the principles of good governance in tax administration reform is a widely observed trend. This trend is also seen in the recent experience of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa where tax administration reforms focusing on enhancing the operational efficiency of revenue agencies and modernization of revenue administration are ongoing. (ITD 2010, 6)
One of the key lessons to be drawn from the experience of tax administration in developing or low-income countries is the need for “emphasis on the links between taxation and the building of accountable, transparent, and efficient governments'”. (Keen 2012, 15) Taxation has been recognized as “critical to developing good governance more widely, in the sense of building state institutions that are responsive, accountable and competent’”. (Keen 2012, 15) Taxation plays this role in two ways: as a focal point for bargaining between the state and citizens; and, creating good tax collection institutions. This is possible through creating institutionalized channels for consulting with taxpayers, which could go so far as to clear involvement of communities in tax assessment efforts. (Moore 2007) Wide range of tax bargaining for mutual benefits motivates citizens to accept and comply with taxes in exchange for the implementation of qualities of governance.
On the other hand, the absence of good tax governance could undermine the efficiency, effectiveness and fairness of the tax system by disrupting the relationship between the tax authority and the taxpayer. According to Moor, public authorities in developing countries often become motivated to tax coercively. (Moore 2007, 27) Such inherently antagonistic relationship between the state and taxpayer citizens in developing countries makes taxation a very costly undertaking since the taxpayer seeks to avoid paying taxes while the tax assessor and collector seeks to maximize the payment extracted. The organizational capacities to assess and collect taxes from small enterprises that lack formal bureaucratic structure and operate without use of banking system and written records is the other problem that encouraged face-to-face interaction between taxpayer and tax assessor and collectors in which the later obliges the letter to make discretionary decisions about tax liabilities. (Moore 2007, 27)
Ethiopia is in the troughs of implementing an ambitious development program with a vision of becoming a middle-income country by 2013. This requires significant financial resources, most of which has to be raised domestically. The HoPR has recently approved an unprecedented USD 11 billion (ETB 223.3 billion) budget for the fiscal year 2015/2016. The bulk of the budget is to be spent on capital expenditures, social sectors, urban development and infrastructure.
Tax revenue accounts for the significant part of domestic government revenue in Ethiopia. (ITD 2010, 56) In 2012/13 fiscal year, taxes accounted for more than 86% of domestic revenue 78% of total government revenue including grants. (MoFED 2014, 9) It also represents fiscal independence in the face of possible variations in grants in terms of availability, access and conditionality. (Tsegabirhan 2010, 7) It is thus imperative that the revenue authorities of the federal government be able to raise the revenue necessary to finance these development activities. Indeed, the vision of ERCA, the federal government body tasked with the collection of taxes, is “To be a leading, fair and modern tax and customs administration in Africa by 2020 that will finance government expenditure through domestic tax revenue collection(Kariuki 2003, 12)
However, Ethiopia’s tax-to-GDP ratio (6.6% in 2008/2009) is among the lowest in Sub-Saharan Africa, even less than the 16.8%, which is the average for low-income and fragile SSA countries in 2008. (ITD 2010, 55-56) According to MoFED, the average tax-to-GDP ratio for the period 2003/2004-2007/2008 was 9.0%. The tax to GDP ratio has further increased to 12.5 percent in 2012/13. (MoFED 2014, 9) The revenue to GDP ratio, which stood at less than 13% in 2011 is much lower than the average revenue to GDP ratio of 26% for Sub-Sahara Africa as well as low income countries (17.1%). (The World Bank 2013, 38) This state of affairs is indicative of a serious problem in the tax system of the country.
Academic research on taxation in Ethiopia generally focuses on tax structure, especially the VAT regime, than tax administration. Even the limited research on tax administration gives more attention to the higher income bracket, i.e. category A and B taxpayers. There is a serious dearth of academic research on the tax administration aspects of the Ethiopian tax system focusing on the lowest income bracket, i.e. category ‘C’ taxpayers. Moreover, there is almost no research interlinking good governance and tax administration in the Ethiopian context.
The current study aims to assess the implementation of good governance principles in tax administration. This makes it unique among existing research works in terms of explicitly linking good governance with tax administration and applying a good governance assessment framework to the topic of study. In addition, the study specifically focuses on taxpayers in the lowest income bracket. Thus, the research is expected to make a unique contribution to existing research in the study area in terms of both the research framework and subjects of the study.
The rationale for the study revolves around the following key questions:
- What is the current level of conceptual understanding and commitment to the principles of good governance among the leadership and employees of the ERCA?
- What measures have been taken by the ERCA to adopt and create ownership of the principles of good governance within the organization and among stakeholders?
- To what extent has the ERCA put in place organizational policies, standards, strategies and structures to institutionalize the principles of good governance?
- Are standards for the design, implementation and evaluation of activities and programs in compliance with the principles of good governance observed in practice?
- What measures have been taken to improve human resource capacity to operationalize the principles of good governance in tax assessment?
The overall objective of the study is to investigate the measures taken to adopt and institutionalize the principles of good governance, especially accountability, transparency and participation, in the selected Sub-Cities of Addis Ababa City Administration (AACA).
The specific objectives of the study are to:- Assess the current level of conceptual understanding and commitment to the principles of good governance among the leadership and employees of the ERCA;
- Evaluate measures taken by the ERCA to adopt and create ownership of the principles of good governance within the organization and among stakeholders;
- Examine the extent to which the ERCA put in place organizational systems to institutionalize the principles of good governance;
- Examine the extent to which the design, implementation and evaluation of activities within ERCA is in compliance with the principles of good governance; and,
- Evaluate the measures taken to improve human resource capacity to implement the principles of good governance in ERCA.
The importance of this study could be presented from the perspective of various stakeholders in the sector and the operation of the ERCA. The potential significance of the study to key institutional actors is presented in the following sub-sections.
Policy makers could use the findings of this study as an input to the formulation, implementation and evaluation of policies and strategies in the sector, especially in relation to the ERCA. The findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study could also be applied to regional tax authorities with some modification.
The ERCA is the major expected beneficiary of the study. The Authority could use the findings of the study to assess the level of integration of the principles of good governance in its organizational profile and implementation of activities. The findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study could also inform future measures to facilitate its organizational development towards achieving its objectives and mandates.
There is limited existing research on tax administration and reform measures in Ethiopia, especially as it relates to the assessment and collection of taxes from category ‘c’ taxpayers. Moreover, the existing research does not adequately address the link between good governance and tax administration. Thus, this study fills an existing demonstrable gap in the literature.
Researchers interested in the sector or the ERCA could use the findings of this study to inform their own subsequent studies. The conceptual framework and methodological approaches developed for the current study could also inform other studies as well as organizational development endeavors within and outside the sector.
This section provides a brief overview of the thematic, organizational and geographic focus of the study. After presenting each of these dimensions of the scope of the study, justifications are forwarded for the choices made by the researchers.
The major aim of the study is to examine the implementation of principles of good governance in the structure and operations of the ERCA. In line with the nature and profile of the organization in question, the study has focused on three elements of good governance: accountability, transparency, and participation. As such, it does not cover all of the principles identified as the components of good governance in the relevant literature. Moreover, the study is subject to limitations arising from the dearth of previous research on the topic in the specific context of the ERCA as well as accessibility issues.
In selecting the ERCA as the focus of the study, the researchers have taken into account a number of issues. First and foremost, the important core mandate assigned to the authority in terms of the collection of tax revenues and prevention of financial crimes makes it an important institution. Moreover, the public finance sector in which the ERCA is a core institution has been identified as a sector most susceptible to corrupt practices by the government. Unfortunately, this has been proved true through a number of high profile cases of corruption and tax evasion that have arisen in recent times.
The selection of the ERCA was also informed by the unique human resources administration setup and discretionary mandate granted to the Director General of the ERCA in the administration of employees of the authority. It goes without saying that these measures, which were taken with an eye to preventing and fighting corruption, have to be assessed in terms of their effectiveness in addressing the anticipated problem. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the provisions of the regulation have resulted in a high level of turnover among the authority’s staff and loss of confidence among lower level officials leading to failure to make and communicate decisions in due time. The study investigated this issue in the framework of the principles of good governance and their practical implementation.
In terms of informants, the study covered the leadership and employees of the authority as well as the category ‘c’ taxpayers they cater to.
The study focused on the head office of ERCA and its branch offices in selected sub-cities of the Addis Ababa City Administration. The quantitative data collection covered ERCA branch offices in two subcities, namely Arada and Addis Ketema as well as the head quarters of the Authority. However, the researchers used the Woreda level offices in these sub-cities to collect data from category ‘c’ taxpayers since the Woredas were the points of contact between the Authority and the taxpayers. Qualitative data collection from key informants covered the head office and sub-city offices.
The head office of ERCA is located in Addis Ababa; and the branch offices in Addis Ababa are more accessible. Moreover, the Addis Ababa accounts for a significant proportion of the tax revenue collected by the Authority. Thus, the selection of Addis Ababa as the geographic focus of the study is logically justified. On the other hand, the selection of the two sub-cities in Addis Ababa was informed by both representation and pragmatic considerations. Addis Ketema Sub-City is the largest by population and most densely populated area of Addis Ababa. The sub-city also encompasses the largest business center of the city, especially in relation to category ‘c’ taxpayers. Furthermore, one of the two branch offices of
ERCA in Addis Ketema Sub-City was selected due mainly to the accessibility of the leadership at the office. Similarly, Arada Sub-City is the third most populous and densely populated sub-city. While Lideta Sub-City has slightly more population than Arada, the research team opted for Arada in consideration of the apparent similarities between Addis Ketema and Lideta sub-cities in terms of population profile and business activities.
The paper has five chapters. With the above introduction as the first part, the organization of the remaining parts of the study is as follows. Chapter two deals with review of related literature, which includes the theoretical, empirical and conceptual framework related with the study. The third chapter covers the methodology of the study including description of the study area, research design, and sources of data, data collection and data analysis. The fourth chapter incorporates the results and discussion of the study. The last chapter includes the summary, conclusions and recommendations of the study.
This chapter provides a review of the relevant literature on taxation and good governance. It starts with an overview of the conceptual and theoretical framework including taxation, good governance and their interlink.
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) defines tax as “compulsory unrequited payments to general government’ (Messere and Ownens 1985, 95). This definition captures the compulsory nature of taxes as opposed to voluntary payments. The Tax Justice Network Africa (TJNA) argue that tax, is “a fee levied by a government or regional entity on a transaction, product or activity in order to finance government expenditure.” (TJNA 2015). The purpose of tax is thus to finance government expenditure.
However, not all mandatory payments to the government are taxes. From this perspective, tax has been defined as an “involuntary payment to the government that does not entitle the payer to a quid pro quo benefit or to an equivalent value of goods and services in exchange”. (Bruce 2001) This definition distinguishes taxation from other sources of revenue such as user charges and administrative fees that are provided in par with goods and services provided by the government for which exclusion of those who do not pay for them is possible. Taxes are also distinct from government borrowing or debt incurred by the government in relation to budget deficits as well as revenue from licenses and government business holdings. Taxation is the study of government revenue raising activities through taxes. (Monkam 2011, 11)
A tax system incorporates tax policy, the tax laws and the tax administration. Tax policies contribute to the consolidation of public finances. They also have an important influence on the growth and job potential of the EU economy, while promoting social inclusiveness. (European Commission 2012, 9) Tax legislation includes volume, composition, rates, coverage, and timings of collection, mode of collection among other things are determined by tax law. Tax administration, on the other hand, comprises three interrelated activities: (i) the identification of tax liabilities based on existing tax legislation; (ii) the assessment of taxes to determine if the taxes actually paid are smaller (or larger) than tax liabilities; and (iii) the collection, prosecution and penalty activities that impose sanctions on tax evaders and ensure that taxes and penalties due from taxpayers are actually collected. (Das-Gupta and Mookherjee 1998, 28).
The idea of tax reform has caught the attention of academicians and policy makers in recent decades. Many in the mainstream have come to understand the concept of tax system performance as “not just about increasing revenues, but also about implementation efficiency, accountability and taxpayer perceptions”. (Fjeldstad and Therkildsen 2004, 3) Recent studies in the context of the EU have concluded that for member states of the union “making tax collection more efficient and tackling tax evasion can increase government revenue”. (European Commission 2012, 15)
Similarly, there is a clear trend across the African continent towards increasing interest in taxation. One clear manifestation of this trend is “the proliferation of tax reforms and new legislation by African governments”. (ATAF 2012, 7) These reforms generally focus on tax administration reforms and reform of the tax structure. However, the reform objectives have gone beyond overall increases in revenue generation towards “more emphasis on how taxes are collected, and how this can contribute to broader state building goals and improved tax governance”. (ATAF 2012, 7) The areas of reform have thus given attention to the autonomy, capacity and organization of the tax administration, ICT, and improving taxpayer services. At least fifteen African countries have established semi-autonomous revenue administration institutions while the remaining thirty-nine African countries have re-structured their revenue collection departments within finance ministries. (ATAF 2012, 8)
The causes of this trend have been attributed primarily to the need for fiscal self-sufficiency through domestic revenue generation and increasing awareness of the nexus between taxation, state building and accountability among African governments. (ATAF 2012, 7) In addition, other actors and stakeholders at the international, regional and national levels including international financial institutions, namely the IMF, the World Bank, the AfDB, bi-lateral development agencies, taxpayers’ associations, tax consultants and NGOs, have pushed tax reforms. International and bilateral agreements, conventions and accords have also contributed to this renewed interest in taxation and tax reform. One instance reflecting the increasing interest of international actors is the November 2010 G-20 meeting where “leaders stressed the importance of strengthening revenue mobilization in developing countries and asked involved organizations to report on how best they could help”. (Keen 2012, 3) Other signs of renewed official interest include the emphasis placed on taxation and development by the European Commission (2010), the 2010 establishment by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the OECD of an informal Task Force on Tax and Development, and the creation in 2011 of a DFID/NORAD-sponsored research center on “International Centre for Tax and Development.” (Keen 2012, 3)
The emergence of taxation has historically been associated with the capacity of states to repel foreign aggression by raising adequate revenues for a military campaign. This has created a coercive tax system through which the state forcibly extracts payment from citizens and especially from conquered nations. The inherently antagonistic relationship created between the state and taxpayers in this arrangement made taxation a very costly undertaking since the taxpayer rationally sought to avoid paying tax while the tax assessor and collector sought to maximize the payment extracted. The ruler - subject relationship further complicated the issue by excluding the possibility of a negotiated arrangement between the state and the citizen.
However, as the state became more stable and democratic, the transition into a more consensual arrangement based on contractual relations became necessary. As the imperative for military defense and conquest was reduced, the purpose of taxation shifted more to the provision of public goods such as justice, security and social services to the citizen. This theoretically led to a convergence of rationales between the state and the citizen regarding taxation. The link between resource mobilization through taxation and the purposes for which the mobilized resources are put to use became more direct and visible. This trend was further facilitated by the progressive acceptance of representation and citizen participation in the affairs of government. The result is borne by the current literature on taxation. (Zainulabideen and Iqbal 2009)
Tax assessment is an essential part of tax administration in any tax system. Tax enforcement, especially tax collection, cannot be undertaken in the absence of a system of tax assessment. Simply stated, tax assessment can be defined as the act or process of evaluating or computing tax due to an individual, organization or any corporate entity. In relation to income tax, tax assessment enables tax authorities to determine the tax base in terms of identifying taxpayers and taxable income due in a given period. Other enforcement and collection issues such as ascertaining taxable income, possible returns and allowable deductions are addressed during tax assessment. In essence, an assessment “crystallizes the liability to pay tax and determines the time at which the tax is due”. (Barkoczy 1999)
Tax assessment systems and procedures should be designed and implemented with an eye on reducing the burden and cost on the taxpayer and tax authorities while at the same time maximizing the collection of revenue. An efficient tax assessment procedure does not discourage businesses and ensures that the highest amount of public revenue is raised at the lowest possible cost. From the good governance perspective, the key concerns or issues in tax assessment are transparency of the process, the participation of taxpayers and ensuring accountability. The process gives taxpayers the opportunity to take part in the assessment and even object to the results. (Barkoczy 1999) On the other hand, the potential for collusion between taxpayers and tax officials during tax assessment may endanger the fairness of the tax system and deprive the government of critical public revenues. Thus, the process should be as transparent as possible and effective accountability mechanisms to prevent and respond to misconduct on the part of tax officers and taxpayers need to be put in place.
Income tax is in principle based on earned income. Yet, there is another approach to income tax that does not rely on income referred to as ‘presumptive tax’ that seeks to address the gaps in income tax systems and respond to the demands of a modern tax system with regard to “simplicity, efficiency, administrative difficulties and equity”. (Vegh 1999, 29) A presumptive tax system refers to the utilization of “more appropriate indicators” of income other than “a well- defined and accurate measure of recorded income over a given period, normally a year” (Tanzi and de Jantscher 1987, iii) For instance, tax assessment systems may “presume” income based on physical indicators instead of detailed accounting records to determine the amount of tax liability. (The World Bank 2000, 8)
There are a number of reasons for the adoption of a presumptive tax system. Chief among these is the reduction of administrative burden on the tax collector as well as the cost of compliance for the taxpayer. The logic is that since the amount of tax owed is determined based on assessment of objective indicators, the tax collector does not need to go through records of income for each taxpayer. In many cases, the calculation of actual income may be impossible due to the nature of the income. (The World Bank 2000, 8) Presumptive taxation also gives small business owners and self-employed entrepreneurs relief from the expenses involved in keeping books of accounts for the calculation of taxable income. (Tsong 2009)
Presumptive taxation is also believed to have benefits related to increased compliance. In essence, this approach does not require the taxpayer to go through complex accounting and transparency procedures and reduces the need for enforcement measures. This is particularly true for small businesses using cash transactions. (Thomas 2013) In this sense, presumptive taxation is seen as a mechanism for capturing income that frequently escapes conventional taxation. (Taube and Tadesse 1996)
Although not as strongly argued, some proponents of presumptive taxation also point to the equity related benefits of the system. (Tanzi and de Jantscher 1987) These arguments mainly relate to situations where incomes are difficult or impossible to assess directly. However, the equity or fairness aspect of the presumptive taxation system depends to a large measure on the selection of indicators of income and actual assessment of income based on the indicators. The introduction of subjectivity could also be a problem in this respect. (Tsong 2009)
Presumptive tax systems are in place in developed and developing countries across the world. (Vegh 1999) However, there appears to be a significant move to adopt this approach in developing countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. (International Tax Dialogue 2010, 7576) The main beneficiaries of this exception are businesses with annual turnovers below a set amount. In the Ethiopian context, the taxes are expected to be calculated based on actual income. To this end, taxpayers with annual turnovers of more than ETB 100,000 are expected to keep books of account and report their income. (FDRE Council of Ministers 2002, Art. 19) On the other hand, tax payers whose annual turnover is estimated by the tax authority to be up to ETB 100,000 - designated category ‘C’ tax payers - are subject to presumptive taxation based on estimated income. However, tax payers within this category may also opt to keep books of accounts in which case the taxes will be assessed based on actual income.
The assessment of taxes encompasses the process of identifying taxpayers, filing of returns by taxpayers, processing of returns by tax authorities, and audit and examination. These components, which are common across legal systems, are briefly discussed in the following paragraphs with reference to the Income Tax Proclamation.
The first step in tax assessment is the identification and registration of taxpayers, i.e. determining who should be in the tax net. In the case of business income tax, this involves identifying and registering businesses. This is usually done at the time of formation of the businesses often through some form of taxpayer identification number (TIN). (FDRE 2002, 43)
Taxpayers are normally required to file their returns to tax authorities showing their incomes for the tax period as well as the taxes due within a specified time after their tax accounting year. (FDRE 2002, 64) The tax laws, in the form of rules issued by the tax authority, determine the contents and format of the returns. (FDRE 2002, 66) Usually, the returns are expected to provide adequate information for the determination of taxes due from the taxpayer. These include the taxpayer’s income and expenses as well as any deductions allowed and the net taxes due. This stage of the tax assessment process logically assumes that the taxpayer has kept proper financial records. In the absence of such records, the law may prescribe standard assessment or assessment by estimation. (FDRE 2002, 68 and 69)
Once the tax authority receives the returns, they are checked for accuracy in terms of the contents and form. In addition to the information filed by the taxpayer, the tax authority may use other sources of relevant information in processing the returns. If the filed returns are in order, the tax authority notifies the taxpayer to effect payment. (FDRE 2002, 50) If, however, there are discrepancies, the tax authority may require a new assessment.
The next stage is audit and examination, which is a verification process whereby the tax authority checks to see if taxpayers have provided accurate information. It usually involves a screening process involving comparisons of returns filed by taxpayers with similar profiles or by a taxpayer in previous periods. Where this process or information from other sources such as informants suggest evasion or other compliance issues, the tax authority may conduct further audits of a taxpayer or group of taxpayers. The actual procedures may vary in specific cases from simple field visits to full-fledged audits. Tax authorities also conduct random audits of returns filed by taxpayers. The outcome of this process is the tax assessment notification. (FDRE 2002, 72)
The procedures for income tax assessment may differ in consideration of the type of income taxed, the amount of income taxed or the existence or otherwise of documentation on income (i.e. an acceptable book of accounts). Typically, tax assessment procedures may involve a self- assessment[2]by the taxpayer or estimates of income principally by tax officials. Oftentimes, tax authorities augment these procedures with a default assessment as well as tax audits and reassessment in specific cases.
2.2.3.1 Self-assessment
Self-assessment involves the calculation of income by the taxpayer wherein the taxpayer submits returns to the tax authority as a basis for determining taxes due. (Kimura 2008, 3) Taxpayers are normally required to file with the tax authority an official declaration of their income. Some categories of taxpayers may also be required to attach an audit report done by an external auditor. The duty to conduct the actual assessment of taxes due may lie with either the taxpayer or the tax authority. Thus, the existence of accounting records prepared and presented in line with accepted standards is an essential condition for self-assessment.
In some systems the taxpayer calculates the taxable income, deductions and net taxes due in the filing. Other systems only require taxpayers to submit information on their income and have tax assessment officers whose task it is to determine taxes due. Different categories of taxpayers or taxes may also be subject to different processes. In either case, the assessment of taxes depends primarily with the income information provided by the taxpayer. Thus, both approaches qualify as self-assessment procedures. The role of the tax authority is very limited in this process except in selected cases identified for further scrutiny. In these cases, the authority may conduct a tax audit of selected taxpayers to ensure compliance in the filing of returns.
Self-assessment is the preferred form of income tax assessment since it relieves the tax authority of the burden and is cost effective. It also allows taxpayers “to be more proactive in fulfilling their tax obligations'’. (Kimura 2008, 4-5) Self-assessment is considered to be one among the tax administration reform measures referred to as “advanced tax administration practices'’. (The
World Bank 2000) This is why self-assessment has replaced official assessment systems wherein the tax authority notifies the taxpayer of the amount of taxes due based on an ex-ante audit. However, self-assessment cannot be employed in the absence of quality accounting records. It also has an implicit risk of under reporting income and filing false returns. Thus, it requires extensive awareness, sensitization and support efforts to enhance a sense of duty among taxpayers and bookkeeping and proper tax filing as well as measures to enhance compliance through audits and firm measures to deal with serious cases of tax avoidance. (Kimura 2008, 5-8)
2.2.3.2 Estimates
This income tax assessment procedure involves the determination of taxes due from a taxpayer through estimates of taxable income by the tax authority based on information the authority collected.[3] The estimate procedure normally involves an ex-ante assessment of potential or projected income rather than actual income based on visits or other mechanisms. Though the taxpayer may be required to provide information to the tax authority, the role of the taxpayer in the assessment is limited. The information on estimated income is deposited with the tax authority for determination of taxes owed by the taxpayer. The taxpayer receives a notice of estimated tax assessment at the end of the tax period at which time complaints on the assessment of actual taxes may be handled.
Estimates are normally employed in the context of a presumptive tax system where tax assessment is not based on actual income. (Tanzi and de Jantscher 1987, iii) This is especially true for categories of taxpayers for whom self-assessment cannot be used due to inability of a taxpayer to keep books of account as per requirements. (Tsong 2009) The estimates may take into account various factors including value of assets, sales, turnover, inventory, equipment, number of employees, kinds of services provided, location and other indicators of income. (Vegh 1999) In this case, the procedure has significant advantages in terms of relief to start ups, small businesses and self-employed individuals from the burden of up to standard accounting and negotiating a complex tax system. (Thomas 2013) It enables the creation of “the simplification of tax obligations for very small enterprises with very little tax impact and very poor administrative resources and skills'’. (Vegh 1999, 28) It also gives the tax authority leave from the task of assessing the incomes of each taxpayer. (Taube and Tadesse 1996) Thus, it could “'provide the tax administration with a tool to assess a minimum tax basis for those hard-to-tax groups and to counteract minimal tax avoidance schemes'’. (Vegh 1999, 28)
However, these advantages are not without cons. At the outset, using indicators other than actual income maybe problematic since income tax is a tax on income. Moreover, the inherent gap in time between the ex-ante assessment of projected income and the notice of tax assessment raises issues of possible changes in the projected income. Taxpayers may be required to pay taxes pay taxes disproportionate with their actual income. This could also affect the fairness of the tax system between taxpayers taxed for income they have not earned and those paying lower taxes than they would have paid in light of their income. (The World Bank 2000) It also opens up opportunities for misconduct by tax officers and taxpayers. Thus, estimates should be applied in tax assessment only where necessary and should be supported by robust accountability measures.
2.2.3.3 Best Judgment Assessment
Best judgment assessment, also called default assessment, involves the determination of the income tax that ought to be paid by a taxpayer based on the best judgment of the tax authority. (Barkoczy 1999) It is instigated by failure to file returns or to comply with the applicable standards on the part of the taxpayer. This includes cases where the taxpayer failed to file a return or the tax authority is not satisfied by the filled returns. (Barkoczy 1999) The best judgment assessment procedure merely complements the self-assessment procedure rather than constituting a distinct primary process.
2.2.3.4 Tax Audit and Reassessment
Tax audit and reassessment are procedures through which tax authorities check the veracity of self-assessments and estimates of taxable income and taxes due from taxpayers. The first refers to an audit of selected taxpayers to verify their filed returns. It is normally a randomly applied procedure. Reassessment, on the other hand, is a procedure used in cases where the tax assessment already done with regard to a specific taxpayer is suspected to be flawed.
Good governance, as a system or manner of government, incorporates four fundamental and interrelated elements: rule of law, participation, accountability and transparency. (Oyugi 2001) In relation to the “structure of government and the prerogatives of the different powers” rule of law entails “... effective and accessible means of legal redress, an independent legal system guaranteeing equality before the law and an executive that is fully subject to the law'". (ACP-EU Cotonou Agreement, Article 9/2) From the perspective of participation, good governance is characterized by “... a fair and efficient system ofjustice, broad popular involvement in political, social and economic processes ...” (Oyugi 2001) Transparency, on the other hand, refers to “... transparent interaction among all relevant political, economic and social forces working for the responsible shaping of public life and democratically legitimized decision-making". (GTZ 2007, 8) Finally, accountability as an element of good governance indicates that political leaders who make decisions as agents of the people are accountable to the same. For the World Bank control of corruption is one of the six dimensions of governance. (Kaufmann, Kraay and Mastruzzi 2014)
More specific definitions of governance (and good governance) have been provided in reference to public sector reform. One relevant definition of governance in the context of public sector reform is provided by the International Federation of Accountants (IF AC). For the IF AC governance “comprises the arrangements (political, economic, social environmental, administrative, legal, and other) put in place to ensure that the intended outcomes for stakeholders are defined and achieved”. (IFAC 2013, 8)
The following are public and financial sector focused definitions of governance:
- The function of governance is to ensure that an organization or partnership fulfills its overall purpose, achieves its intended outcomes for citizens and service users, and operates in an effective, efficient, and ethical manner. (Office for Public Management, Independent Commission on Good Governance in Public Services 2004)
- Governance is concerned with structures, processes for decision-making, accountability, control, and behavior at the top of organizations. (IFAC 2001)
- Public sector governance covers the set of responsibilities and practices, policies and procedures, exercised by an agency’s executive, to provide strategic direction, ensure objectives are achieved, manage risks, and use resources responsibly and with accountability. (Australian National Audit Office and Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 2006)
- Public sector governance encompasses the policies and procedures used to direct an organization’s activities to provide reasonable assurance that objectives are met and that operations are carried out in an ethical and accountable manner. (Institute of Internal Auditors 2012)
- The exercise of economic, political, and administrative authority to manage a country’s affairs at all levels. It comprises mechanisms, processes, and institutions through which citizens and groups articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligations, and mediate their differences. (UNDP 1997)
- The process by which decisions are made and implemented (or not implemented). Within government, governance is the process by which public institutions conduct public affairs and manage public resources. Good governance refers to the management of government in a manner that is essentially free of abuse and corruption, and with due regard to the rule of law. (IMF 2007)
There is extensive research on the mutual effects of taxation and good governance. (Zainulabideen and Iqbal 2009) The impact of taxation on good governance has a twofold operation. First, the need to collect tax from citizens creates ample ground for the development of a social contract based on bargaining around tax. In effect, citizens from whom tax is collected will be more actively interested in the operations of the state using the resources they provided. This in turn facilitates representation and democracy. Secondly, the crucial need to assess and collect tax and raise revenues by the state logically leads to the creation of institutions for the collection and administration of the resources. This then creates state capacity essential to the process of state building.
This contrasts starkly with the effects of non-tax revenues directly raised by the state such as revenue from the extraction of natural resources. In this case, the state does not need to negotiate with citizens to a similar degree thereby diminishing the democratizing and capacity building implications of taxation.
On the other hand, good governance is essential for taxation and revenue collection in at least two major ways. Firsts, a sound policy framework defined by effective tax assessment and revenue collection is essential for growth. This in turn increases taxable income and reduces dependence on foreign transfers in the form of aid, loans and grants. Secondly, a responsible, democratic and inclusive state is able to ensure that tax assessment, tax collection and other tax issues are transparent and based on negotiated rules.
The key principles of good governance that are most directly related to the tax structure are equity, fairness and participation. At the level of the tax administration itself, other principles including transparency and accountability as well as participation in decision making within the tax administration system also come into play.
Improved tax administration cannot compensate for bad tax design. Excessive and arbitrary taxation are major constraints for economic and social development. (Fjeldstad and Therkildsen 2004, 6) Thus, high taxation retards the growth process and induces tax evasion. The build-up of the taxable base and fiscal sustainability are also delayed. Thus, reforming the tax structure should precede the reform of tax administration, since there is not much merit in making a bad tax system work somewhat better.
Reforms of the tax administrations in Tanzania and Uganda in the 1990s, in the form of the establishment of semi-autonomous and well-funded revenue authorities, resulted in short term revenue increases. But these achievements have proved to be difficult to sustain in the long run. After the initial success, revenues in percent of GDP decrease and the level of fiscal corruption seems to increase. The research has explored factors that may explain this trend. Two factors are highlighted; the limits of autonomy and patterns of fiscal corruption. (Fjeldstad and Therkildsen 2004, 5)
[1]The three countries prioritized away from revenue collection as an objective and towards transforming the structure of their economies and spurring economic growth. However, their tax policy and structure emphasized different aspects of the growth process leading to specific peculiar features. For instance, savings and economic equity were important in the case of Taiwan while revenue generation was still an important consideration for South Korea. On the other hand, FDI was more important in the case of Singapore.
[2]The assessment of income tax through direct auditing of the taxpayers’ finances by tax authorities was historically dominant. However, this procedure, named official assessment, is generally replaced by the self-assessment model.
[3] Estimates as a tax assessment procedure should not be confused with ‘estimated tax’, i.e. periodic advance payment of taxes based on the amount of expected future tax liability usually on income not subject to withholding such as self-employment.
Ghetnet Metiku (Autor), Mebrahtu Woldu (Autor)
assessment principles practices good governance administration
Ghetnet Metiku (Autor), Mebrahtu Woldu (Autor), 2016, Assessment of Principles and Practices of Good Governance in Tax Administration, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.hausarbeiten.de/document/442422
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Julie J. Marburger
Berks County, PA Family Law Lawyer
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Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&ALII PlatinumSocial Media
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Dickinson School of Law
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Bruce L. Baldwin
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Widener University Delaware School of Law
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Eric Michael Gibson
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(610) 685-8000 1118 Penn Avenue
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Peter J Dolan
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Michael Keith Hollinger
8.0 (1 Peer Review)
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Mr. Jeffrey Robert Pratz
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Stetson University and The George Washington University Law School
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Igor Litvinov
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Allan J Ray Esq.
875 Berkshire Blvd
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Rebecca Ann Smith
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Anne M. Gibson
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Michael J. Cammarano
(610) 375-3320 219 E. Lancaster Ave.
Shillington, PA 19607
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Kristen L. Doleva-Lecher
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Lauren M. Marks
(610) 743-3449 720 Centre Avenue
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I am an experienced trial attorney specializing in family and criminal law. I am frequently appointed by the court to represent children in highly litigious custody cases as a Guardian ad Litem.
Michael J. Cammarano Jr.
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Matthew T. Hovey
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Matthew T. Hovey was born in Kingston, PA and grew up in Forty Fort, PA, in Luzerne County. Mr. Hovey received his Bachelor of Arts from Moravian College in 2006, with a major in Political Science and a Minor in History. He was a member of Pi Sigma Alpha Honor Society (Political Science) and Phi Alpha Theta Honor Society (History). Mr. Hovey studied at Villanova Law School, where he was a published member of Villanova University's Law Review and Reimels Moot Court Competition. He earned his Juris Doctor in 2009, and was admitted to the Pennsylvania Bar in 2010...
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(888) 237-9848 15525 Kutztown Road
Joseph Andres Guillama
(610) 750-5941 645 Penn Street Suite 500
Free ConsultationFamily, Divorce, Domestic Violence and Juvenile
Ann Endres
Family, Divorce and Estate Planning
Representing clients in all aspects of divorce, custody, support and adoption matters for 20 years.
Amanda Elizabeth O'Driscoll
(484) 648-1236 601 N. 3rd Street
Free ConsultationFamily, Bankruptcy, Business and Real Estate
William S Kreisher
Northumberland County, PA Family Law Lawyer
(570) 784-5211 401 S Market Street
Charles Rick
Montgomery County, PA Family Law Lawyer
(610) 850-9036 933 N. Charlotte Street
Suite 3-B
Attorney Rick started working in the legal field as a file clerk for Jones, Walker, Waechter, Poitevent, Carrère & Denègre LLP, a large, widely-known law firm in New Orleans, Louisiana in 2006. During law school, he began working with Usry, Weeks & Matthews A.P.L.C. up until he graduated from Loyola University, College of Law in New Orleans, Louisiana. He subsequently returned to Pennsylvania and began working at a small neighborhood law firm as an associate attorney. In 2012, he began working at Roland Stock, a solid and well established law firm in Reading, PA. ...
Henry Charles Markofski
Montgomery County, PA Family Law Lawyer with 37 years experience
(610) 367-4444 1258 East Philadelphia Avenue
Gilbertsville, PA 19525
Charles graduated from the Hill School in 1973 and obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree from the Catholic University of America in 1977. He received a Juris Doctor degree from the Widener University School of Law in Wilmington, Delaware in 1981. Charles was hired as an Assistant District Attorney in Montgomery County from 1981 to 1985. Charles was admitted to practice before the following Courts: Supreme Court of Pennsylvania - 1981 U.S. District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania - 1984 Supreme Court of Florida - 1984 United States Patent and Trademark Office – 1992 He went on to...
John Christian Stevens
Lancaster County, PA Family Law Attorney
(717) 333-3330 109 W Main St
Family, Divorce, Estate Planning and Personal Injury
Gardner and Stevens, P.C. is a local general practice law firm with offices in Ephrata and Lititz, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. If you need an experienced personal injury lawyer, divorce attorney or need a lawyer for general practice issues, and want to stay local to the Northern Lancaster PA area, look to the Gardner & Stevens law firm.
James L. Markofski
Montgomery County, PA Family Law Attorney with 32 years experience
(610) 367-4444 1258 East Philadelphia Ave
Free ConsultationFamily, Criminal, Domestic Violence and Estate Planning
James attended Malvern Preparatory School and is a 1978 graduate of Wyoming Seminary College Preparatory School of Kingston, Pennsylvania. James also attended the University of Miami and University of Scranton, graduating in 1982 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Psychology. In 1986, James was awarded a Juris Doctor degree from Duquesne University School of Law. From 1986 through 1989, James was a Montgomery County Assistant District Attorney on the Major Crimes Unit and the Sex Crimes Unit, which he captained toward the end of his tenure with the DA's Office. Upon concluding his career as a prosecutor, James joined...
Kurt Gardner
Lancaster County, PA Family Law Lawyer
Robert Taylor McClintock
(610) 850-9036 Suite 3B
Free ConsultationFamily, Business, Divorce and Estate Planning
Sara Haines Clipp
Family and Business
Kim Lengert
(888) 222-5507 210 West Penn Avenue
Robesonia, PA 19551
Joseph Bambrick
(610) 372-6420 529 Reading Ave
Family, Bankruptcy and Divorce
Jacqueline Rae Mark
(610) 685-4529 635 Walnut St
Jill Hollingshe Scrivner
Chester County, PA Family Law Attorney with 42 years experience
(484) 319-6290 20 Summerlin Dr
Honey Brook, PA 19344
Mitchell Sommers
Family, Bankruptcy, Civil Rights and Divorce
Stephen James Ross
Montgomery County, PA Family Law Attorney
(610) 323-5300 152 E High St
Family, Bankruptcy, Divorce and Estate Planning
Family Lawyers in Nearby Cities
Berks County Family Legal Aid & Pro Bono Services
Berks Women in Crisis
Schuylkill Women in Crisis
Pottsville, PA
Dealing with family law issues?
Family law generally concerns domestic relations and family-related matters such as marriage, civil unions, domestic partnerships, adoptions, paternity, guardianships, domestic abuse, surrogacy, child custody, child abduction, the dissolution of marriage and associated issues. Each state has its own set of family laws, and traveling across state borders can sometimes affect your rights and those of your family.
Contrary to popular belief, seeking the advice of a family law attorney does not necessarily mean that something is amiss in your family. A family law attorney can help negotiate prenuptial/premarital agreements for clients in anticipation of marriage or advise same-sex couples on relevant legal issues affecting their relationship. They also can help with adoption proceedings and other procedures involving children.
Family law attorneys often do represent clients seeking a divorce, annulment or legal separation, and the complicated issues that can arise as a result. Although domestic abuse is a criminal offense, some family law attorneys are skilled at handling these situations, as they are often entangled with other family law issues.
Some jurisdictions certify lawyers as family law specialists, which means these attorneys have met the certifying body's minimum requirements for education, experience, and examination.
No-Fault Proceeding: A civil case in which parties may resolve their dispute without a formal finding of error or fault.
Paternity Suit: A lawsuit to determine the father of a child whose parents were not married when the child was born.
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Justia Lawyer Directory Foreclosure Defense Illinois Hindsboro Attorneys
Hindsboro, Illinois Foreclosure Defense Lawyers
Ken Gano Jr
Charleston, IL Foreclosure Defense Lawyer with 38 years experience
(217) 345-6111 303 6th St
Charleston, IL 61920
Free ConsultationForeclosure Defense, Bankruptcy, Divorce and Family
b 1952, Graduate Northern Illinois University, 1980
Claimed Lawyer ProfileQ&ABlawgsearchSocial MediaResponsive Law
Mazyar M. Hedayat Esq.
Romeoville, IL Foreclosure Defense Attorney with 24 years experience
(630) 378-2200 1211 W Lakeview Ct
Free ConsultationForeclosure Defense, Bankruptcy, Construction and Real Estate
University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, DePaul University and University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
Mazyar M. Hedayat is the principal of M. Hedayat & Associates, PC, a law firm that has represented Clients for nearly 25 years in the areas of business law and litigation, bankruptcy law and litigation, real property transactions and litigation, construction law and mechanics liens, corporate law, and more. After attending the University of Chicago and University of Michigan, Mr. Hedayat received his MBA from the U.M. Ross School of Business, and his J.D. from DePaul University College of Law. Mr. Hedayat is a title insurance agent and operated a full-service title company for 6 years....
Ariel Weissberg
Chicago, IL Foreclosure Defense Attorney with 39 years experience
(312) 663-0004 401 South LaSalle Street Suit 403
Free ConsultationForeclosure Defense, Bankruptcy, Business and Real Estate
Ariel Weissberg is the managing partner of Weissberg and Associates, Ltd., 401 South LaSalle Street, Suite 403, Chicago, Illinois, 60605. Weissberg and Associates, Ltd. concentrates in the areas of business and commercial litigation, transactional matters and all aspects of insolvency and financial distress, including bankruptcy, loan work-outs and foreclosures. Mr. Weissberg founded Weissberg and Associates in July, 1984. Since then, he has built a varied and loyal clientele, comprised of small to medium-sized to publicly traded businesses, and individuals. He is sought out for complex business and financial planning, especially relating to credit facilities and crisis-management, and high-risk litigation....
Dr. Maudia Norman Washingon
Chicago, IL Foreclosure Defense Attorney
(888) 586-4441 155 North Wacker Drive
Foreclosure Defense, Arbitration & Mediation, Bankruptcy and Real Estate
Michigan State University School of Law, East Lansing, Michigan
Juris Doctorate
John Marshall School of Law, Chicago Illinois
LLM (Law of Masters Candidate) Real Estate Law
Argosy University, Chicago Illinois
Doctorate of Business Administration, International Business
Published Dissertation
Robert Morris University, Chicago, Illinois
Master in Business Administration, Concentration Management
Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois
Bachelor of Arts, Administration of Justice, Minor: Sociology
LAW LICENSES:
Central District Court of Illinois
Southern District Court of Illinois
I am an attorney who is passionate about my profession and clients. I believe in providing top-notch, innovative, cutting-edge strategies and advice. My clients feel as if they are my only client. ...
Kiley Whitty
(630) 690-6800 1761 S. Naperville Rd.
Free ConsultationWheaton, IL Foreclosure Defense Attorney with 9 years experience
Foreclosure Defense, Bankruptcy, Divorce and Family
Loyola University Chicago School of Law
Kiley M. Whitty is a licensed attorney specializing in the areas of family law, child custody, bankruptcy, and creditor negotiations in Cook, DuPage, Kane, Will and surrounding collar counties. While in law school at Loyola University Chicago School of Law, Kiley earned a certificate in Child and Family Law as well as a certificate in Advocacy which aided in her success as a litigator. As an associate with Anderson & Associates, P.C., Kiley has handled complex custody cases involving issues with legal and residential custody, parenting time, allegations of abuse and neglect, and child removal. Kiley has also handled a...
Misty J. Cygan
(800) 825-9260 15 N Northwest Hwy
Park Ridge, IL 60068
Park Ridge, IL Foreclosure Defense Lawyer with 11 years experience
Foreclosure Defense, Business, Employment and Real Estate
Misty has worked hard to become an attorney, which was her dream. She earned her two undergraduate degrees while being on active duty in the United States Air Force. She graduated summa cum laude from North Carolina Wesleyan College with dual degrees. During her four years in the military, Misty was responsible for producing a weekly flying and aircraft maintenance schedule for a fleet of 24 F-15 fighter jets. Misty also provided support for Operation Noble Eagle in response to the 9/11 attacks.
At the core of Misty’s practice is her love of the law and her desire to help people....
Michele J Braun
Northbrook, IL Foreclosure Defense Lawyer with 34 years experience
(847) 559-8406 1906 Maplewood Rd
Northbrook, IL 60062-1234
Free ConsultationForeclosure Defense, Business and Nursing Home
Michele is an accomplished litigation and litigation management attorney with a proven track record of winning results at trial, arbitration and administrative hearings. She is known for her creative litigation strategies and communication skills. Result-oriented.
Alexander B Blum
Evanston, IL Foreclosure Defense Attorney with 9 years experience
(773) 999-2586 900 Chicago Ave
Foreclosure Defense, Business, Criminal and DUI
I, Alexander Blum, want to be your Attorney. I cherish my Clients, and hope to impart some of my skills and knowledge so that my Clients are able to live a better and more productive life. I have appeared in many of the Courhouses in Illinois and I have a great working relationship with many Prosecutors and State Attorneys. I am very persuasive without being agressive, and I will give it my all to get the best possible result for my Client. Give me a call 773-999-2586 (BLUM)
Eric Zelazny
Tinley Park, IL Foreclosure Defense Lawyer with 24 years experience
(708) 444-4333 18400 Maple Creek Drive
Foreclosure Defense, Bankruptcy and Tax
University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Law
Eric Zelazny brings over 17 years of legal experience to the practice. Prior to studying law, Eric Zelazny was a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) and continues his education in bankruptcy law staying up-to-date on the latest laws. He is one of the most experienced bankruptcy lawyers in the Chicago area with trial experience in Cook County, DuPage County, and Will County. Eric Zelazny occupies offices in both Chicago and Tinley Park.
Mark B Grzymala
Skokie, IL Foreclosure Defense Lawyer with 17 years experience
(847) 920-7286 10024 Skokie Blvd., Suite 206
Free ConsultationForeclosure Defense, Collections, Construction and Real Estate
Chicago-Kent College of Law, Illinois Institute of Technology
Mark Grzymala is the founder and President of Grzymala Law Offices, P.C. a commercial litigation law firm with a focus on the construction industry based in Skokie, Illinois. He is licensed to practice in the State of Illinois and the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois since 2001.
Mark has over 16 years’ experience representing a wide range of clients from the small business owners to Fortune 500 companies. He aggressively represents his clients with a variety of issues including contract disputes and negotiation, construction defect claims, mechanics lien claims, foreclosures, transportation, collections, judgment enforcement, intellectual property issues,...
Todd Andrew Benison
Crystal Lake, IL Foreclosure Defense Lawyer
(847) 899-8788 65 South Virginia Street
Free ConsultationForeclosure Defense, Criminal, Family and Real Estate
Mr. Benison earned his Juris Doctorate degree from the John Marshall Law School in Chicago. While attending Law School, Mr. Benison achieved the JMLS best oralist award for his participation in the 2L Herzog Moot Court Competition. He was selected for a student externship with the Kane County State’s Attorney’s Office during his final year of law school. Prior to entering Law School, Mr. Benison was in private practice as an accountant, working with local business in Northern Illinois. In his free time, Mr. Benison enjoys spending time with his wife, Erika, and their three children.
Charles E. Covey
Peoria, IL Foreclosure Defense Lawyer with 41 years experience
Free ConsultationForeclosure Defense and Bankruptcy
Valparaiso University School of Law
For over 30 years Charles Covey has been practicing law. He has handled bankruptcy cases during the duration of his three decades of legal practice and for the past decade, he has practiced exclusively in bankruptcy, debt relief and foreclosure defense matters.
Lockport, IL Foreclosure Defense Attorney with 19 years experience
(630) 283-7091 By Appointment Only
Free ConsultationForeclosure Defense, Bankruptcy, Probate and Real Estate
John Lynch became interested in debt relief and bankruptcy before he went to Law School. John was employed at Eastern Airlines in Miami, Florida, which at that time was the second largest airline in the US. Eastern Airlines filed for bankruptcy in 1990 and by 1991 it had closed its doors. John knew so many people that could not find work, had cars repossessed and faced mounting debt. Then, in 1992 Hurricane Andrew hit South Florida and Pan Am airlines also closed its doors. By that time John was a Paralegal and owner of a Title Company. He worked as...
Dennise McCann
Orland Park, IL Foreclosure Defense Lawyer with 31 years experience
15255 S. 94th Ave
Dennise L. McCann is a Partner Anderson & Associates, P.C. who focuses on complex family law, bankruptcy and probate matters. She has been the managing attorney of the firm's Wheaton office since 2007. Dennise has been a certified mediator and guardian ad litem since 2010. She was nominated for an Inspirational Woman Award in 2012. She served as a career law clerk to the Honorable Susan Pierson Sonderby from 1988 to 1992 and was responsible for reviewing her daily motion call, researching legal issues, drafting opinions and writing speech materials for continuing legal education programs. She graduated from The John...
Ann Leone
Chicago, IL Foreclosure Defense Attorney with 4 years experience
(773) 437-0489 1655 S Blue Island
Free ConsultationForeclosure Defense, Divorce, Domestic Violence and Real Estate
Ann Leone is originally from Buenos Aires, Argentina. She graduated from Loyola University Chicago with a Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice and Psychology. She then attended The John Marshall Law School and received her Juris Doctorate. She has worked in various government agencies, including the Department of Children and Family Services and The Cook County Office of The Public Guardian as a Guardian ad litem. Through these agencies, she gained invaluable experience working on various complex juvenile immigration cases and handling many domestic relations cases, including custody disputes and divorces. Additionally, she has worked with numerous non-profits, specializing in...
Michael J. Gunderson
Chicago, IL Foreclosure Defense Lawyer
(312) 600-5000 2155 W. Roscoe St.
Foreclosure Defense, Bankruptcy, Personal Injury and Real Estate
Caitlin M. Fiello Schwartz
Swansea, IL Foreclosure Defense Attorney with 5 years experience
(618) 416-3526 4509 N. Illinois Ave.
Ste., 4
Swansea, IL 62226
Foreclosure Defense, Divorce, Probate and Real Estate
Caitlin is a strong and hard-working advocate for her clients. She believes that it is important for her client’s voice to be heard no matter what type of case they have. She is experienced both inside and outside the courtroom, having helped clients negotiate fair settlements when she can and taking their case to court when necessary. Her wide experience includes: real estate, foreclosure, landlord/tenant, and family matters (divorce, custody, support and domestic violence issues).
Caitlin prides herself on listening to her clients so that she knows what is important to them and what their goal is. She...
Nathan Jon Reusch
Chicago, IL Foreclosure Defense Lawyer with 13 years experience
(312) 561-5063 141 W. Jackson Blvd.
Free ConsultationForeclosure Defense, Bankruptcy, Immigration and Real Estate
Wayne State University Law School
Raul A Villalobos
(312) 666-9982 1620 W. 18th st
Foreclosure Defense, Business, Criminal and Real Estate
University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign
Raul A. Villalobos is one of the most well known and respected trial attorneys in the Chicago land area. In his almost forty years of experience he has handled hundreds of criminal and civil trials and has represented individuals as well as Fortune 500 companies. Currently, Raul A. Villalobos is the managing partner at Villalobos & Associates, which handles a wide range of cases from DUI to Consumer Fraud.
Muniza Bawaney
(312) 860-3755 30 S. Wacker Drive
Foreclosure Defense, Business, Consumer and Real Estate
Muniza Bawaney, Esq. is an Attorney at Law First LLC and primarily practices in the areas of personal injury, corporate and small business legal services, civil litigation, estate planning and real estate matters. Her goal is to achieve the best results for her clients and she succeeds in doing so. Some of Ms. Bawaney's most recent successes include reaching favorable cash settlements for her clients against adversaries such as General Mills, State Farm, Pekin Insurance, The Village of Skokie and the Steeple Hill Condominium Association. Ms. Bawaney holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Marketing and Business Administration...
Daniel J Winter
Oak Lawn, IL Foreclosure Defense Lawyer
10735 S. Cicero Ave
Oak Lawn, IL 60453
Free ConsultationForeclosure Defense, Bankruptcy and Real Estate
Law Offices of Daniel J Winter provides personal, high quality representation. Bankruptcy advice and representation for individuals and businesses. We will help you protect your home, car or paycheck. Every case is treated personally. We have offices in Chicago Loop, Oak Lawn, Skokie, and Waukegan. We also represent people in southern Wisconsin in conjunction with Michael S. Winter in Milwaukee. With over 18 years of experience, we will give you "peace of mind".
John P. Dickson
Crystal Lake, IL Foreclosure Defense Lawyer with 8 years experience
(815) 317-5193 4 E. Terra Cotta Ave.
Foreclosure Defense, Bankruptcy, Collections and Real Estate
Dickson Law Group is a full service law firm serving individuals and small businesses in McHenry, Kane, Lake, DuPage, and Cook counties.
Andrew John Hawes
Niles, IL Foreclosure Defense Attorney with 9 years experience
(847) 583-0101 8041 N. Milwaukee Ave
Free ConsultationForeclosure Defense, Bankruptcy, Collections and Divorce
University of Wisconsin Law School
Vicki Hathaway Gonzalez
Park Ridge, IL Foreclosure Defense Attorney
Foreclosure Defense, Business, Municipal and Real Estate
Nathan P. Links
(618) 233-7900 521West Main Street
Belleville, IL Foreclosure Defense Attorney with 6 years experience
Foreclosure Defense, Probate, Real Estate and Tax
NATHAN P. LINKS, born in Carlyle, Illinois .
License: Illinois, 2012
Education: Southern Illinois University Carbondale (B.S. in Biological Sciences, 2009); St. Louis University School of Law (J.D., 2012)
Member: Illinois State Bar Association, St. Clair County Bar Association.
Areas of Practice: Mr. Links practices in the following areas of law: Estates and Trusts, Family Law, Real Estate, and Guardianships, as well as General Practice.
Rick Rogers
Deerfield, IL Foreclosure Defense Lawyer with 33 years experience
(847) 607-8570 707 Lake Cook Rd #312
Deerfield, IL 60015
Make a terrific profit on a foreclosure auction property, while helping a nice family keep their home. Helping families save their home has been my Law Firm's crusade since 2009. Real Estate has been my primary practice area for my entire professional career. The JD, MBA, Managing Real Estate Broker License, and a full career in real estate have best prepared me to advise and assist on residential foreclosure defenses and investments, as well as short sale and conventional real estate closings. Contact us if you or someone important to you needs assistance saving their home,...
(773) 960-1162 53 West Jackson Boulevard
Free ConsultationForeclosure Defense, Bankruptcy, Estate Planning and Real Estate
Thomas C. O'Brien
Antioch, IL Foreclosure Defense Attorney with 53 years experience
Antioch, IL 60002
Foreclosure Defense, Bankruptcy, Divorce and Real Estate
We are experienced attorneys in bankruptcy and family law. Located just south of the Wisconsin-Illinois state line, I practice daily in both states. In this area, knowledge of the significant differences in the two states' laws is critical to effective and competent representation.
Michael Goldberg
Libertyville, IL Foreclosure Defense Attorney with 6 years experience
(847) 549-0600 350 N. Milwaukee Ave.
(877) 292-3566 53 W. Jackson
Foreclosure Defense, Bankruptcy and Real Estate
David Chang was born and raised in Chicago and its surrounding suburbs. David began his legal career in 2001, where his major focus was in residential real estate transactions. He helped clients clear title, review loan documents and insure smooth closings in buying and selling of real estate. In 2003, David moved on to representing clients in both Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcies. David advanced to a senior attorney position at one of the largest consumer bankruptcy law firms in the nation and has counseled thousands of clients about their financial needs.
Sean Chaudhuri
(312) 374-4559 10540 S Western Ave
Free ConsultationForeclosure Defense, Divorce, Domestic Violence and Family
Sean Chaudhuri was admitted to practice law in 2001. He grew up in Baltimore, Maryland, and went to law school in Michigan. He primarily practices in the areas of Family Law, Contested Divorces and Custody Cases, Parentage Cases, Foreclosure Defense, Building Court Cases, Eviction Cases, and Real Estate Litigation. He aggressively litigates cases with passion for his clients, and has built a strong reputation in doing so. Mr. Chaudhuri is a past or present member of the following organizations: The Chicago Bar Association, The Chicago Bar Association-Judicial Evaluation Committee, The Cook County Mortgage Foreclosure Mediation Program, Apna Ghar Pro Bono...
Dwight Adams
Rolling Meadows, IL Foreclosure Defense Lawyer
(847) 818-8060 1855 Rohlwing Rd.
Rolling Meadows, IL 60008
Foreclosure Defense, Bankruptcy, Criminal and Medical Malpractice
Managing partner Dwight C. Adams was first licensed to practice law in 1968. After earning a B.A. in History from Hanover College, Mr. Adams went on to receive his J.D. after graduating summa cum laude from the prestigious Chicago Kent Law School. Since that time, he’s been defending the rights of countless Illinois clients in a variety of criminal and civil cases. Dwight C. Adams is one of a selected group of lawyers who has earned admission to the Federal Bar Association, which entitles him to practice in front of the U.S. Supreme Court. When other firms say that they’ll “fight...
Joseph Michelotti
Oak Brook, IL Foreclosure Defense Attorney with 36 years experience
(630) 928-0100 2625 Butterfield Suite 138S
Free ConsultationForeclosure Defense, Bankruptcy, Divorce and Estate Planning
Working to help clients protect their property and deal with difficult financial situations
Jason Timothy Vail
(312) 988-5755 321 N. Clark St.
Foreclosure Defense, Family, Landlord Tenant and Real Estate
Mr. Christopher M. Cosley
(847) 394-3200 1855 Rohlwing Road
Suite #D
Free ConsultationForeclosure Defense, Bankruptcy, Criminal and Domestic Violence
An Experienced Attorney You Can Trust Attorney Christopher M. Cosley is a distinguished graduate of Chicago-Kent College of Law. He went on to pass the Illinois State Bar Exam and is an active member of the Illinois State Bar Association. A former Assistant State’s Attorney, he has been practicing law for over a decade. In 2003, Mr. Cosley started his own practice. Over the years, Mr. Cosley has established a solid reputation within the legal community and is well-respected by his peers.
Jeanna N. Storment
(618) 233-7900 521 W. Main St.
Free ConsultationBelleville, IL Foreclosure Defense Lawyer with 5 years experience
Foreclosure Defense, Divorce, Family and Probate
Thomas Goode Jones School of Law, Faulkner University
Robert Steven Thomas
Arlington Heights, IL Foreclosure Defense Attorney with 34 years experience
(847) 392-5893 1655 N Arlington Heights Rd
Free ConsultationForeclosure Defense, Divorce, Estate Planning and Tax
Jerry Borden
(312) 234-9434 118 N. Clinton Street
Suite LL380
Attorney Jerry Borden is a skilled foreclosure lawyer in Chicago. If you and your family are facing the risk of foreclosure and do not know what to do next, contact Borden Law Firm, P.C. Attorney Borden understands the stress involved with foreclosure threats and is dedicated to helping clients fight to keep their home. Jerry Borden founded this firm with the purpose of helping clients with real estate, commercial and civil litigation. He provides oneâonâone attention to his clients and tries to always keep them in the loop throughout the process. Attorney Borden has ample experience in court when it...
Kenneth E. Kaiser
Palatine, IL Foreclosure Defense Attorney with 41 years experience
(847) 991-6675 502 N Plum Grove Rd
Ste D
Foreclosure Defense, Bankruptcy, Business and Real Estate
Cicero, IL Foreclosure Defense Attorney with 24 years experience
(708) 411-4510 5947 W 35th Street
Cicero, IL 60804
Free ConsultationForeclosure Defense, Bankruptcy, DUI and Real Estate
After having worked for years to represent banks in the processes of Foreclosure and being the fourth generation of lawyers in my family attending this type of case, I want to inform you that my office is focused on providing assistance to those which are suffering the ravages of this system and the bad economy. You like me, are being affected by the banking system, which is why my office has found a way to protect and fight for you, using the same legal system that banks use against you. Remember that you have rights and you shall...
Foreclosure Defense Lawyers in Nearby Cities
Foreclosure Defense Lawyers in Nearby Counties
Edgar County
Use Justia to research and compare Hindsboro attorneys so that you can make an informed decision when you hire your counsel.
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Justia Lawyer Directory Insurance Claims Louisiana Elm Grove Attorneys
Elm Grove, Louisiana Insurance Claims Lawyers
Mr. Kenneth Craig Smith Jr
Shreveport, LA Insurance Claims Lawyer with 25 years experience
(318) 219-1001 3646 Youree Dr
Insurance Claims, Criminal, DWI and Personal Injury
Craig was born in Shreveport, Louisiana. He graduated from Loyola College Prep in 1985. He received his Bachelor of Science Degree in Finance from Louisiana State University-Shreveport in 1990. He attended law school at Paul M. Hebert Law Center at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, where he graduated in 1993. He is an attorney and partner in the law firm of Smith & John. Craig was admitted to the Louisiana Bar in 1993, and since then, he has been admitted to practice before the following courts: U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth...
Mr William T. Allison
Shreveport, LA Insurance Claims Attorney with 47 years experience
(877) 626-3501 910 Pierremont Road
Insurance Claims, Social Security Disability and Workers' Comp
Hi. I'm Bill Allison and I handle cases for people who are disabled or who have life insurance or medical insurance claims governed by ERISA (The Employee Retirement Income Security Act), workers' compensation and social security disability claims. For over 30 years I have championed the rights of the disabled and others who have been mistreated (cheated) by insurance companies. I am of an age to be retired but I still practice because I love helping my clients. With offices in Sheveport and Metairie (New Orleans) I handle cases all over Louisiana. I also network...
(318) 226-0808 628 Stoner Ave.
Mr. Charles Taunton Melville
Shreveport, LA Insurance Claims Attorney
Insurance Claims, Business, Criminal and Personal Injury
Edwin Dunahoe
Natchitoches, LA Insurance Claims Attorney with 45 years experience
(800) 259-4460 402 2nd St
Free ConsultationInsurance Claims, Business, Maritime and Personal Injury
Jared Dunahoe
Natchitoches, LA Insurance Claims Lawyer with 12 years experience
Southern University Law Center
Kevin David Alexander
Monroe, LA Insurance Claims Lawyer with 21 years experience
(318) 625-6262 2503 Ferrand St
Kevin D. Alexander is an attorney in Monroe, Louisiana who helps people who have been injured through no fault of their own obtain the compensation that they deserve. Whether you've been in a car accident or are the victim of medical negligence, Kevin D. Alexander can help you navigate through the legal maze, and has been helping injured people in Ouachita Parish since 1997.
Chris Roy Jr
Alexandria, LA Insurance Claims Attorney with 31 years experience
(800) 259-9850 1100 Martin Luther King Dr.
Insurance Claims, Medical Malpractice, Nursing Home and Personal Injury
Chris J Roy Jr Law Corp was established in 1989 by Chris J. Roy, Jr. – Attorney at Law. Chris Roy Jr devotes his practice to personal injury and has more than thirty years of experience in this area. He is a third generation lawyer who understands how a serious injury impacts the lives of his clients.
We understand the worry and stress that comes from a serious injury due to the fault of others.. We know that your family is depending on you for their future and when you are dealing with an injury that future can be very...
Edward Kramer
Baton Rouge, LA Insurance Claims Attorney with 28 years experience
(225) 933-1500 340 Florida Street
Free ConsultationInsurance Claims, Asbestos, Maritime and Personal Injury
Louisiana State University - Baton Rouge and Paul M. Hebert Law Center, Louisiana State University
Ed Kramer graduated from both LSU and LSU Law School where he was on the Louisiana Law Review, a prestigious student organization only accepting a few students by grade. After that, Ed began to practice personal injury accident law – representing only injured parties, not insurance companies, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Ed participated in trials, was involved in million-dollar cases, and even class action cases, mostly personal injury accident cases. Ed would like to help you too.
Jeffrey P. Berniard
New Orleans, LA Insurance Claims Attorney with 15 years experience
(504) 527-6225 300 Lafayette St
Free ConsultationInsurance Claims, Antitrust, Legal Malpractice and Personal Injury
Jeffrey P. Berniard received his Bachelor of Science degree in Finance at McNeese State University, in Lake Charles, Louisiana in 2001 and received his Juris Doctorate degree at Loyola University New Orleans School of Law in 2004. Jeffrey opted to study in the state of Louisiana, his home, in order to stay close and stay connected to the state he loves and the state he grew up in.
Immediately following his graduation, Jeffrey Berniard was admitted to practice law in the state of Louisiana, including being able to practice in the Eastern, Western, and Middle Districts of Louisianaís U.S. District...
Jason Aron Itkin
Baton Rouge, LA Insurance Claims Lawyer with 18 years experience
(225) 412-6348 835 Louisiana Avenue
Free ConsultationInsurance Claims, Maritime, Medical Malpractice and Personal Injury
The University of Texas School of Law
As one of the nation’s top trial lawyers, Jason Itkin has obtained dozens of verdicts and settlements throughout the years’ worth more $10 million. In fact, Jason has won several victories upward of $100 million each. In addition to these prolific cases, he has won close to 200 verdicts and settlements for more than $1 million each. In total, Jason has won billions of dollars for his clients. These victories have come in courtrooms all across North America, as he has represented clients in all 50 states.
Jason has been the recipient of numerous awards and honors due to his...
Taylor Hale
Lake Charles, LA Insurance Claims Lawyer with 10 years experience
(337) 433-0612 1735 Ryan Street
Free ConsultationInsurance Claims, Energy, Maritime and Personal Injury
Personal Injury Attorney practicing in the areas of Offshore & Serious Personal Injury. Personal Injury - All Types; Offshore/Jones Act; Construction Accidents; Automobile Accidents; 18-Wheeler Accidents; Wrongful Death, Paralysis, Burns, Amputations, Electrocutions, Head Neck and Back Injuries; Free Consultation - No Fees, Costs, or Expenses if No Recovery. W. Taylor Hale was selected by Super Lawyer magazine as a Rising Star in 2015-2017. W. Taylor Hale is a Life Member of the Million Dollar Advocates Forum - The Top Trial Lawyers in America, which requires a settlement or verdict over one million dollars on behalf of...
Melvin David Albritton
New Orleans, LA Insurance Claims Lawyer with 16 years experience
(504) 517-4635 400 Poydras Street
Free ConsultationInsurance Claims, Business, IP and Personal Injury
Melvin Albritton obtained a degree in Political Economy from Tulane University. He was also the recipient of a Louisiana Legislative Scholarship. During his time at Tulane he was chosen to represent Tulane at American University’s Washington Semester. After college Mr. Albritton worked for an Internet startup, “babygift.com” drafting copy for the online catalog. In 1999 he was awarded the Wiener, Weiss & Madison Merit Scholarship Award to Tulane Law School. In law school, Mr. Albritton was selected to join the Ruby Vale Appellate Moot Court Team, which focuses on the area of corporate law. In addition, he wrote on to...
James Edward Sudduth III
Lake Charles, LA Insurance Claims Lawyer with 5 years experience
(337) 480-0101 4216 Lake St
Free ConsultationInsurance Claims, Criminal, DWI and Personal Injury
Louisiana State University - Baton Rouge
James E. Sudduth, III is the founder and driving force behind Sudduth and Associates, LLC. As a Lake Charles native, he witnessed the lack of growth and direction present in his beloved city and decided to become the force of change the city needed. James knew that to accomplish this goal he would have to temporarily relocate to Baton Rouge. After law school, James returned home to serve as an Assistant District Attorney in the Calcasieu Parish District Attorney’s office, and during his tenure he was promoted to Misdemeanor Section Chief. When offered a second promotion to the Felony Division,...
Charles E. Lavis
(225) 343-0444 8550 United Plaza Blvd
Free ConsultationInsurance Claims, Maritime, Personal Injury and Products Liability
Mark D. Mese
(225) 382-3424 400 Convention St #700
P.O. Box 3513 (70821-3513)
Insurance Claims, Bankruptcy and Real Estate
Louisiana State University, Paul M. Hebert Law Center
Danny Dustin Russell
Baton Rouge, LA Insurance Claims Attorney
(225) 307-0088 733 E. Airport Avenue
Danny Russell is an experienced and aggressive attorney representing clients who face DWI charges in Baton Rouge, Ascension, Livingston, St. Tammany, Covington, Mandeville, Gonzales, Tangipahoa, West Baton Rouge, Prairieville, Jefferson, St. John the Baptist, Slidell, and throughout Louisiana.
(225) 766-1234 6715 Perkins Rd
Mark Philip Glago
Free ConsultationInsurance Claims, Business, Construction and Personal Injury
Attorney Mark Glago graduated from the University of Richmond in Virginia with Phi Beta Kappa honors, having triple-majored in Political Science, Speech and Sociology. He was the University’s Rhodes Scholar nominee and received the “Most Outstanding Graduate” award. At the Tulane University School of Law, he was Managing Editor of the Tulane Law Review and again graduated with honors. Over the past 17 years, Mr. Glago has handled over 2,500 cases and been the “first-chair” lawyer for over 160 trials in Louisiana courts. He has built a respected, full-service law firm devoted to recovering compensation for clients in a range...
Michael deBarros
(225) 387-0999 400 Convention St
#700 P.O. Box 3513 (70821-3513)
Insurance Claims, Business and Employment
Paul M. Hebert Law Center, Louisiana State University and Paul M. Hebert Law Center, Louisiana State University
Peter James Diiorio
(504) 897-5580 844 Baronne Street
Free ConsultationInsurance Claims, Personal Injury, Probate and Workers' Comp
I work tirelessly to solve people's problems, and to make things right for them. I fight for individuals and small businesses, and I have never represented a corporation or insurance company. I handle civil matters exclusively, not criminal cases. I have developed a broad civil litigation practice, aggressively prosecuting plaintiff cases in the areas of personal injury, auto accidents, insurance litigation, premises liability, workers compensation, succession litigation, and general civil litigation. In short, if someone has been wronged in any sort that wasn't their fault, I work zealously to make things right for them. If...
Loyd Bourgeois Jr
Luling, LA Insurance Claims Lawyer with 14 years experience
(985) 240-9773 13755 River Rd Ste A
Luling, LA 70070
Insurance Claims, Asbestos, Personal Injury and Social Security Disability
Growing up, I had the typical south-Louisiana experience. I learned to swim before I could walk when I was thrown from the boat while fishing down in Lafitte (I do not know anyone who did not learn to swim that way). I used to know French may che. I raised alligators taken from the nest after wrestling mom for fun. And I used to have this great Cajun accent when I was the waterboy for the football team.
My name is Loyd Bourgeois. And while that is not exactly my life story, it is...
Michael S Brandner Jr.
(504) 345-1111 4707 Bluebonnet Blvd
Insurance Claims, Asbestos, Energy and Products Liability
Boston University and Loyola University New Orleans
Michael S. Brandner, owner of the Brandner Law Firm, was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He grew up there and attended Jesuit High School. After graduating from high school, he attended Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where he earned his bachelor's degree in political science in 1999. He then went on to study law at the Loyola University New Orleans School of Law where he served on the Executive Board of the Loyola Student Bar Association and was a member of the Loyola University School of Law Board of Trial Advocates. Mr. Bradner received his juris doctor in 2002....
Brad Harrigan
(504) 571-5317 1055 St Charles Ave
Free ConsultationNew Orleans, LA Insurance Claims Lawyer with 19 years experience
Insurance Claims, Business, Patents and Trademarks
Alan Robert Sacks
616 Baronne Street
Insurance Claims, Arbitration & Mediation, Insurance Defense and Personal Injury
Beginning his career in insurance defense, coverage analysis and litigation, Alan soon became general counsel to a New Orleans-based insurance consulting firm, where he assisted clients with specifications for coverage, captive formation, claims handling and loss mitigation. He was instrumental in the passing of the Louisiana Oilfield Anti-Indemnity Act and for many years represented the London market in CGL, marine and contractual liability claims, largely in the context of the “oil patch”. In 2005, Alan relocated his primary residence to New York, and continues to practice there as well as in Louisiana, focusing on construction, contract, and insurance...
Elizabeth B Carpenter
New Orleans, LA Insurance Claims Lawyer
(504) 599-5595 201 St. Charles Ave.
Insurance Claims, Criminal, Domestic Violence and Personal Injury
Our firm represents individuals who are facing state or federal criminal prosecutions in Louisiana. A large part of our criminal practice is dedicated to the defense of sex crimes and DWIs. We have obtained an overwhelming number of dismissals and acquittals in difficult cases involving well respected individuals. The outstanding results we achieve are largely due to the fact that we limit the number of cases we take which allows us to conduct thorough investigations, employ an aggressive pretrial motion practice and use innovative trial preparation tools. Our firm also serves as local counsel for out-of-area and out-of-state attorneys....
Clifford Cardone
New Orleans, LA Insurance Claims Attorney
(888) 892-2736 829 Baronne St
Free ConsultationInsurance Claims, DWI, Medical Malpractice and Personal Injury
Loyola University New Orleans College of Law
Todd A. Rossi
Insurance Claims, Business, Employment and Estate Planning
New York University School of Law and Louisiana State University, Paul M. Hebert Law Center
Jason Thomas Olivier Esq.
Mandeville, LA Insurance Claims Attorney with 28 years experience
(985) 871-8172 4011 Hwy 59
Free ConsultationInsurance Claims, Health Care, Insurance Defense and Personal Injury
Jason was born in New Orleans, Louisiana but grew up in the suburb of Metairie. He graduated from Nicholls State University with a degree in Electrical Engineering Technology. He played varsity football, was on the radio and involved in the performing arts. After a career in radio and television, he attended Loyola School of Law in New Orleans. He opened a private practice focusing on corporate, collection and consumer rights. He became a partner in the firm of Naccari, Deas and Pugh. His personal clients at the time included Benson Automotive World (owned...
Todd Robert Slack
(504) 274-2500 1100 Poydras St.
Insurance Claims, Business and Communications
Todd R. Slack concentrates his practice in the areas of civil litigation with an emphasis on business litigation, data breach liability and healthcare. As a result of his extensive technological background, he also advises both businesses and practicing attorneys in the areas of eDiscovery, Data Privacy and Security and the preservation, collection, handling and analysis of Digital Evidence (Digital Forensics). His legal practice has ranged from representing individuals, small and medium-sized businesses and major corporations, both in civil litigation and client advising.
Jon Bethune
(504) 218-8570 4701 Tchoupitoulas Street
Free ConsultationInsurance Claims, Divorce, Family and Personal Injury
Jon Bethune’s extensive knowledge and resolute style of litigation makes him one of the most sought-after independent attorneys in Louisiana. Jon has tried countless cases on both the State and Federal level all the way from initial consult through trial. His award-winning practice has garnered him both local and national attention, as well as received extremely high client satisfaction ratings. Jon Bethune is licensed to practice law in Louisiana, and specializes in Personal Injury and Family Law litigation. Our insistence on providing excellent communication between Jon Bethune and his clients sets us apart from...
Nicholas M Graphia
Baton Rouge, LA Insurance Claims Lawyer with 9 years experience
(225) 366-8618 301
Insurance Claims, Business and Personal Injury
I am a licensed Louisiana attorney, focusing on litigation with an emphasis in property insurance claims, bad faith litigation, and select personal injury cases. With nearly 10 years of experience in the legal and insurance industries, I have the track record necessary to help individuals and businesses maximize their property insurance and personal injury claims. From delayed and underpaid claims to denials, I am dedicated to protecting the rights of my clients against the insurance company and getting them the compensation they deserve. As a former insurance defense attorney and insurance agent, I understand the complexities...
J. Rock Palermo III
(337) 310-1600 721 Kirby St
Insurance Claims, Arbitration & Mediation, Asbestos and Maritime
Rock graduated from LSU Law School in 1992 and from LSU with a bachelor's degree in 1987. While at LSU Law School he was selected to the Moot Court Board. He is a partner in the firm of Veron, Bice, Palermo & Wilson in Lake Charles. The firm handles serious personal injury and wrongful death cases particularly in the areas of maritime, petrochemical, products liability, medical malpractice and automobile negligence. He is a member of the Judge Albert Tate American Inn of Court, American Board of Trial Advocates, LSU Law Center Chancellor's Council, and the Louisiana Association for Justice. ...
Ben E Clayton
70427, LA Insurance Claims Attorney with 32 years experience
(985) 863-3065 411 Sabine Street
70427, LA 70427
Free ConsultationInsurance Claims, Maritime, Personal Injury and Workers' Comp
Attorney Ben E. Clayton, of Clayton Law Firm, located in Slidell, Louisiana, has practiced law in Louisiana since 1986 after graduating with a Juris Doctorate degree from Loyola University School of Law (New Orleans) that year. He is a 1980 graduate of University of New Orleans and Eagle Scout, Boy Scouts of America (1974). Mr. Clayton was an attorney with Hailey, McNamara, Hall, Larmann & Papale, a large insurance defense law firm in Metairie, Louisiana from 1986 - 1990 and was a staff attorney for Aetna Casualty & Surety Company from 1990 to 1996. Aetna was acquired by Travelers...
Thomas Russell Galloway Jr
Lafayette, LA Insurance Claims Lawyer with 23 years experience
(337) 984-8020 1925 Dulles Dr
Insurance Claims, Maritime, Personal Injury and Workers' Comp
Rusty's unique background and experience give him the skills and knowledge you need in a personal injury attorney. A partner at Galloway Jefcoat, L.L.P., Rusty has become known as one of the area's leading advocates for victims of serious injuries. From 1995, until the present, he has earned the reputation as a tough, but fair-minded, lawyer willing to go the extra mile for his clients. For over a decade, Rusty has been successfully representing clients injured in automobile and offshore accidents. He has personally handled well over a thousand injury cases and has learned the best and most efficient ways...
Shawn Michael Murray
Mandeville, LA Insurance Claims Lawyer with 19 years experience
(985) 624-9393 450 N. Causeway Boulevard
Free ConsultationInsurance Claims, Personal Injury, Products Liability and Workers' Comp
“He and his staff always took their time in answering any questions I had and made me feel my healthcare needs were first priority. He is highly knowledgeable of the law and I appreciate all he and his staff did to resolve my case. If you need a workers compensation attorney don’t hesitate to contact Shawn Murray.” “The moment I walked out of his office I felt like he rolled his sleeves up and went to work. I was kept informed of the process the entire time and was made to feel as if I had not a worry...
Jacque Rene
Free ConsultationInsurance Claims
Jacque Touzet is an accomplished motorcycle rider who has focused his practice to help injured riders.
Robert M. Kallam
(337) 235-2232 2020 W Pinhook Road
Insurance Claims and Maritime
Slidell, LA Insurance Claims Attorney with 40 years experience
(985) 641-3700 750 East I-10 Service Road
Slidell, LA 70461-5535
Insurance Claims, Estate Planning, Personal Injury and Probate
PROFESSIONAL • Admitted to practice law, 1978, State of Louisiana, All Courts • Admitted to practice, 1979, U.S. District Courts, Louisiana Eastern & Middle Districts, U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals • Member, Louisiana State, Slidell, & 22nd Judicial District Court Bar Associations • 35 years experience in Civil, Family, and Juvenile Court • Williams and Brandt, an Association for the Practice of Law, established 1980 • Appointed Judge Pro Tem for Slidell City Court by Louisiana Supreme Court, numerous times EDUCATION • Juris Doctorate, Tulane University...
James Flinn
New Orleans, LA Insurance Claims Attorney with 7 years experience
We represent injured people in Louisiana. We practice personal injury law because we care about our clients’ health and future. We know there are few things that are worse than a severe injury. It can take over your life and affect everything you normally do. Fortunately, the law holds those responsible for wrongfully injuring others. You may have medical expenses, severe pain, or be unable to work. These are simply common types of losses that can result from a serious accident. We want to make sure that everything that was taken from you is returned. That is what fair compensation under...
Red Chute
Insurance Claims Lawyers in Nearby Parishes
Red River Parish
Bossier Parish
Bienville Parish
Use Justia to research and compare Elm Grove attorneys so that you can make an informed decision when you hire your counsel.
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Justia Lawyer Directory Medical Malpractice California Winchester Attorneys
Winchester, California Medical Malpractice Lawyers
Catherine A. Vincent
Murrieta, CA Medical Malpractice Attorney with 41 years experience
(951) 698-3030 38975 Sky Canyon Dr Ste 104
Medical Malpractice, Divorce, Family and Personal Injury
Joan Louw-DeFazio
Temecula, CA Medical Malpractice Lawyer with 41 years experience
(951) 676-5434 33800 Linda Rosea Rd
Medical Malpractice, Divorce and Family
Frank Wagner Esq
Hemet, CA Medical Malpractice Lawyer
880 S Alessandro St
Hemet, CA 92543
Medical Malpractice, Bankruptcy, Personal Injury and Products Liability
Daniel Lee Hough
Perris, CA Medical Malpractice Attorney with 39 years experience
(951) 940-4885 26935 Patterson St
Medical Malpractice, Business and Personal Injury
Samantha Berryessa
Temecula, CA Medical Malpractice Lawyer
(951) 693-0053 43537 Ridge Park Dr.
Medical Malpractice, Family and Personal Injury
Neil B. Shouse
Orange , CA Medical Malpractice Lawyer with 21 years experience
(714) 288-9455 333 City Blvd. West
Orange , CA 92868
Free ConsultationMedical Malpractice, Nursing Home, Personal Injury and Products Liability
An honors graduate of UC Berkeley and Harvard Law School, Neil Shouse uses his experience as a former insurance company defense lawyer now to fight for injury victims. He helps secure big money settlements to compensate victims for medical bills, lost wages, lost opportunities and pain and suffering.
Mr. Shouse practices in Los Angeles County and Las Vegas. He represents clients injured or killed in car accidents, workplace accidents, dog attacks, dangerous products and harmful drugs.
Mr. Shouse learned personal injury law by first working on the other side. He defended large insurance companies at Sidley & Austin, one of the...
Jonathan S. Dennis
Irvine, CA Medical Malpractice Attorney with 12 years experience
(949) 408-3000 19200 Von Karman Ave
Free ConsultationMedical Malpractice, Business, Personal Injury and Products Liability
Jonathan Dennis was born and raised in Los Angeles, California (Oakwood HS in North Hollywood). Mr. Dennis obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Finance from the University of Southern California in 1999. In 2006, Mr. Dennis obtained his Juris Doctorate degree from Loyola Law School, Los Angeles. Mr. Dennis was admitted to the State of California Bar in 2007. Mr. Dennis also has been admitted to practice law before the United States District Court for the Central District California. Mr. Dennis’ practice emphasizes both prosecuting and defending a wide range of federal and state civil litigation...
Nathan Mubasher
Corona, CA Medical Malpractice Attorney
(800) 691-2721 2621 Green River Rd
Ste 105 PMB 403
Free ConsultationMedical Malpractice, Business, Health Care and Personal Injury
Thomas Jefferson School of Law
Attorney Mubasher has gained extensive knowledge about law, medicine and business. He is also very experienced in dealing with people in high-pressure situations. He can put this experience to work for you. In a free consultation, Mr. Mubasher can provide you all the details on the cost of representation, the likelihood of success, and what action to take depending on your appetite for risk. Most importantly, Mr. Mubasher provides genuine care and concern for you, and will stand by you throughout your matter. Mr. Mubasher earned...
Frank Nicholas
(949) 477-2277 2020 Main St.
Free ConsultationMedical Malpractice and Personal Injury
University of Southern California Gould School of Law
Orange County personal injury attorney Frank Nicholas has been representing clients and assisting them in protecting their legal rights for more than thirty five years. Attorney Nicholas has dedicated his Orange County California law firm to the practice of personal injury law and providing the victims of auto accidents, wrongful death and catastrophic injury with exceptional legal advice and representation. Mr. Nicholas enables his clients to put their lives back in order and receive the compensation they deserve.
Attorney Frank Nicholas is AV Peer Review rated by Martindale-Hubbell - which is the highest rating for professional integrity and excellence awarded to...
Joel Gary Selik
Encinitas, CA Medical Malpractice Lawyer with 34 years experience
(760) 479-1515 914 N Coast Hwy 101
Free ConsultationMedical Malpractice, Collections, Nursing Home and Personal Injury
Golden Gate Univ School of Law
Attorney Selik has been a litigation attorney for over 30 Years, Trials, Settlements, Arbitrations and Mediation. Experienced Malpractice Attorney (Lawyer, Medical, CPA, Real Estate), Debt & Judgment Collection. Personal Injury and other civil litigation experienced. No Frivolous Cases, Ever.
Jean-Simon Serrano
Riverside, CA Medical Malpractice Lawyer with 12 years experience
(951) 682-6400 5885 Brockton Ave
Medical Malpractice and Personal Injury
Univ of LaVerne
Mr. Serrano grew up in British Columbia, Canada and moved to California when he was 20. He graduated with honors from California State University Dominguez Hills, receiving a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science. While an undergraduate student, besides many community, sports, and school activities, Mr. Serrano worked in Washington D.C. as a Congressional Intern for a California Congressman. Mr. Serrano was recruited and attended law school on a full scholarship. He received his law degree from the University of La Verne College of Law. While in law school, he was selected to be a member of...
Curtis Robert Quay
Riverside, CA Medical Malpractice Attorney with 15 years experience
Temple Univ School of Law
San Diego personal injury lawyer Curtis Quay provides expectational representation to anyone that has been injured in an accident. Mr. Quay offers a free consultation and can be reached 24/7 at (619) 525-7007.
Douglas Welebir
Redlands, CA Medical Malpractice Lawyer with 52 years experience
(909) 283-1460 2068 Orange Tree Ln
Redlands, CA 92374
Medical Malpractice, Animal, Elder and Products Liability
Douglas F. Welebir is the founder of Welebir Tierney & Weck. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from La Sierra College in 1962 and then attended the University of Southern California School of Law where he earned his J.D. degree in 1965. In 1970, Mr. Welebir began specializing exclusively in plaintiffs’ personal injury law and went on to form the predecessor to this firm in 1973. From 1970 to 1974, Mr. Welebir served as the first mayor of the city of Loma Linda, California. Mr. Welebir served as lead plaintiff’s counsel in the Stringfellow Acid Pits Trial case that resulted in...
Suliman Jamal
(714) 907-1021 33 Brookline
Aliso Viejo, CA 92656
Free ConsultationAliso Viejo, CA Medical Malpractice Lawyer with 5 years experience
Medical Malpractice, Personal Injury and Products Liability
Chapman University Fowler School of Law
Suliman (Suli) Jamal is an experienced, compassionate, and aggressive personal injury lawyer that represents individuals and families throughout Southern California. Mr. Jamal understands the trauma and stress injured victims deal with after an accident and does his best to ensure that the process is as simple as possible. He exclusively handles personal injury matters, including, but not limited to, car accidents, motorcycle accidents, pedestrian accidents, truck accidents, wrongful death matters and premises liability matters. Mr. Jamal's hard work, dedication, and "client first" approach has earned him multiple Super Lawyers Rising Star awards.
Robert Edward Blythe II
Palm Springs, CA Medical Malpractice Attorney with 38 years experience
(800) 830-7746 777 E Tahquitz Canyon Way
Southwestern Univ School of Law
Born: Los Angeles, California, July 19, 1948; admitted to bar, 1981, California and U.S. District Court, Central District of California. Education: University of Southern California; California State University of Northridge (B.A., 1976); Southwestern University (J.D., 1980). Emergency Trauma Technician, UCLA School of Medicine Emergency Department, 1973-1979; Santa Monica Hospital Emergency Department, 1973-1977. Past Personal Counsel for the Following: Director of Emergency Medicine, County of Los Angeles, City of Los Angeles, Emergency Medicine Program; Director of Emergency Medical Care, County of Los Angeles, City of Los Angeles, Fire Department Paramedic Program; Director of Pharmacology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center....
David Hull Ricks
Rancho Cucamonga, CA Medical Malpractice Lawyer with 32 years experience
(909) 481-0100 8600 Utica Ave
Brigham Young Univ J Reuben Clark LS UT
Lawrence Scott Eisenberg
Irvine, CA Medical Malpractice Lawyer with 36 years experience
(888) 753-1550 9210 Irvine Center Drive
Free ConsultationMedical Malpractice, Legal Malpractice, Personal Injury and Products Liability
Larry Eisenberg (Cell: 949-547-2782) is a highly rated Personal Injury Trial Lawyer: AVVO 10.0 Rating; AV Pre-eminent Rating by Martindale-Hubbell; 2014 Litigator Award - Top 1% of Attorneys in the U.S. in Personal Injury, Wrongful Death & Medical Malpractice cases; Member, American Board of Trial Advocates (ABOTA) since 1996; Trial Lawyer of the Year - 2007; Past-President of the Orange County Trial Lawyers Association - 1993. CONTACT US AND WE WILL PROVIDE YOU WITH A COMPLIMENTARY ANALYSIS OF YOUR CASE: (888)753-1550; Email: lse@lselaw.com
Matthew James Knez
Riverside, CA Medical Malpractice Attorney with 4 years experience
(951) 742-7681 6780 Indiana Avenue
Medical Malpractice, Family, Personal Injury and Products Liability
University of La Verne College of Law
Matthew J. Knez graduated from the University of Redlands in California where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Creative Writing. He went on to pursue his Law Degree at the University of LaVerne, College of Law in Ontario, California. While pursuing his law degree he earned various awards, including CALI Award in Torts and he was on the Dean’s List. Mr. Knez was also a member of the Justice and Immigration Clinic where he worked with people seeking asylum into the United States from countries where they had experienced persecution or threat of persecution....
Charles Salvatore LiMandri
Rancho Santa Fe, CA Medical Malpractice Attorney with 36 years experience
(858) 759-9930 16236 San Dieguito Road
Building 3, Suite 3-15
Medical Malpractice, Business, Personal Injury and Products Liability
Georgetown University Law Center and University of Wales
As a dedicated Rancho Santa Fe attorney at LiMandri & Jonna LLP, Charles LiMandri has had a lot of success. His extensive legal history includes many successful trials and cases. Through hard work, tenacity, and the relentless pursuit of excellence, he has obtained tens of millions of dollars on behalf of his clients. He started his legal career at the University of San Diego and went on to Georgetown University Law Center. His list of accolades include inclusion into the Million Dollar Advocates Circle, recognition as one of “San Diego’s Top 120 Top Most Influential, and more. If you want...
Paul W. Ralph
Orange, CA Medical Malpractice Attorney with 28 years experience
(714) 919-4415 500 N. State College Blvd., Suite 1100
Free ConsultationMedical Malpractice, Employment, Personal Injury and Products Liability
Mr. Ralph has been in practice for 24 years, representing the injured and recovering millions of dollars in compensation on their behalf. He has appeared on the cover of The Los Angeles Daily Journal and Trials Digest and has been featured nationally on CNN's Headline News. With extensive trial and appellate experience, Mr. Ralph is dedicated to providing his clients the very best representation. NO FEES are charged unless there is a recovery for the client. All INITIAL CONSULTATIONS ARE FREE.
Jeffrey Alan Milman
(949) 640-8222 9210 Irvine Center Dr.
Univ of San Diego School of Law
Jeffrey A. Milman is a founding and managing partner of Hodes, Milman and Liebeck, LLP. He is the firm's authority on medical malpractice suits against the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs under the Federal Tort Claims Act. He has extensive experience in the courtroom handling medical and professional negligence, and product liability with a specialization in personal injury cases. Jeff has won the largest verdicts in Orange County history for a spelenctomy case and motor vehicle case.
Paul J Molinaro M.D., J.D.
Corona, CA Medical Malpractice Lawyer with 13 years experience
(951) 520-9684 4160 Temescal Canyon Road, Suite 306
Free ConsultationMedical Malpractice, Consumer, Personal Injury and Products Liability
ATTORNEY AND PHYSICIAN Paul J. Molinaro, M.D., J.D. brings over 20 years as a practicing physician in the fields of Family Medicine, Occupational Medicine, and Urgent Care Medicine into his legal practice. Paul provides his clients with the same high degree of loyalty and quality care given to his patients. Paul's unique educational background and experience, covering the fields of medicine and law, are what sets Paul apart from other attorneys. DRUG AND MEDICAL DEVICES LITIGATION If you have suffered an unacceptable complication or adverse outcome as a result of medication or medical device, Paul J. Molinaro, M.D., J.D. and...
John-Paul Anthony Serrao
Ontario, CA Medical Malpractice Attorney with 17 years experience
(909) 906-9040 800 N. Haven Avenue
Free ConsultationMedical Malpractice, Criminal, DUI and Personal Injury
Southwestern University School of Law
A graduate of York University in Toronto, Canada, Mr. Serrao earned his law degree at Southwestern University School of Law in Los Angeles, California. He is admitted to practice before all California State and Federal courts, as well as the United States Supreme Court. He is an aggressive personal injury and criminal defense attorney who has been representing clients in the Inland Empire over the past decade and has several convenient offices to serve clients, including locations in Ontario, Victorville, Redlands and Riverside. Mr. Serrao's criminal practice focuses on defending individuals faced with misdemeanor or felony charges...
Kevin George Liebeck
Medical Malpractice, Consumer and Personal Injury
Chapman Univ School of Law
Kevin G. Liebeck began his career defending physicians and hospitals in medical malpractice lawsuits. With that knowledge, he decided to start representing victims of medical malpractice in suits against their health care providers in 2003. Since then, he has seen success in trials of personal injury, medical malpractice and consumer and business fraud actions.
Christopher Russell
Newport Beach, CA Medical Malpractice Attorney with 35 years experience
(949) 851-0222 1401 Dove Street Suite 310
California Western School of Law
Christopher Russell has been practicing law since 1984 and is the founder and principal partner of Russell & Lazarus APC. The firm of Russell & Lazarus, established in 1998, is located in Newport Beach, California, and serves Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino, Sacramento and Orange Counties. Mr. Russell is a highly respected and experienced personal injury attorney who puts his clients’ needs first. In doing so, he believes that the needs of his employees and firm will also be met. Mr. Russell has worked on almost every type of personal injury case including motor vehicle collisions, product liability, slip/trip and...
Steven Jay Weinberg
Palm Desert, CA Medical Malpractice Lawyer with 43 years experience
(866) 876-2279 73111 El Paseo
Palm Desert, CA 92260
Medical Malpractice, Nursing Home and Personal Injury
Pepperdine Univ School of Law
Steven Weinberg concentrates his practice entirely on helping victims of medical malpractice and their families throughout Southern California to seek compensation for their injuries. He has over 42 years of experience representing victims medical malpractice and their families. He is widely regarded throughout the state as an authority on the subject. Mr. Weinberg's impressive track record includes multiple large awards and settlements in favor of his clients. Among his most notable cases is a $5 million settlement for a woman whose child suffers from chronic kidney disease due to a prescription she took while pregnant. Other...
John Philip Rapillo
Newport Beach, CA Medical Malpractice Lawyer with 40 years experience
(949) 675-5060 2700 Newport Blvd
Medical Malpractice, Nursing Home, Personal Injury and Products Liability
Attorney John Rapillo is a personal injury attorney with over 38 years experience. Mr. Rapillo handles all personal injury matters including car accidents, dog bites, motorcycle accidents, pedestrian accidents, and wrongful death claims. Call today for a free consultation.
Glen D. Duvel
Laguna Hills, CA Medical Malpractice Attorney with 19 years experience
(888) 982-2323 24422 Avenida De La Carlota
Laguna Hills, CA 92653
Medical Malpractice, Employment, Personal Injury and Products Liability
Western State College of Law at Argosy University
Glen D. Duvel has represented clients in a wide variety of employment law and estate planning matters. His extensive experience means that clients are given everything they need to reach favorable conclusions to their cases. Glen graduated from the University of California, Irvine with a Bachelor’s of Science in Political Science in 1994. He then went on to earn his Juris Doctorate from Western State University College of Law in 1999. He has had several speaking engagements and publications covering topics such as employment law and estate planning. To learn more about how he can assist you and your legal...
Melinda Joy Helbock
San Diego, CA Medical Malpractice Lawyer with 26 years experience
(800) 543-8940 12707 High Bluff Dr., Suite 200
The law office of Melinda J. Helbock, A.P.C. provides committed representation for personal injury victims and their families. We've been serving citizens throughout the communities of California for nearly 20 years. Allow us the opportunity to show you how our experience and determination can benefit your case. Come in or call for a free, no risk consultation regarding your case. You will meet with an attorney, not a paralegal to discuss the matters of your injury and you will continue to be represented by an attorney until your case has been resolved to your satisfaction.
Kyle Joseph Scott
Tustin, CA Medical Malpractice Lawyer with 27 years experience
(866) 757-0959 17671 Irvine Blvd., Ste. 203
Tustin, CA 92780-3178
Medical Malpractice, Personal Injury and Workers' Comp
Kyle Scott attended UCLA and received his BA in Political Science in 1986. Mr. Scott graduated from Loyola Law School of Los Angeles in 1991 and earned his juris doctorate. Mr. Scott passed the California State Bar and was admitted to practice in 1991. Mr. Scott is admitted into the Federal District Court for the Central District and Southern District. Mr. Scott has spent the last 24 years representing injured clients in personal injury matters.
Stan Andrei Grombchevsky
(888) 427-8064 2 Corporate Park
Medical Malpractice, Employment and Personal Injury
Chapman University School of Law
Are you a victim of workplace sexual harassment or discrimination? Don’t wait to enlist the legal support you need to protect your personal rights. Stan Andrei Grombchevsky is a partner at Spray, Gould & Bowers LLP, which offers comprehensive legal representation for all types of employment issues. Mr. Grombchevsky is committed to offering compassionate and caring counsel for his clients, no matter what the circumstances are. He graduated from Chapman University School of Law in 1999 and soon began his legal career. Mr. Grombchevsky is a member of the California Employment Lawyers Association, allowing him to protect clients dealing with...
Maryam Parman
Free ConsultationMedical Malpractice, Animal, Insurance Claims and Personal Injury
Western State Univ COL
I am an attorney whose area of practice is limited to injury and death cases. I have been a plaintiff’s personal injury attorney and a consumer advocate since 1998. My firm also has a separate specialized workers compensation department and my attorneys have been extremely successful in Insurance Bad Faith cases including our recent settlement of $6,000,000. At a very young age I felt a strong sense of consumer advocacy. My background and training as a pre-medical student familiarized me with the human anatomy and the mechanism of injury. A strong sense of advocacy together with my medical background led...
Daniel Martin Hodes
Daniel M. Hodes is a founding and managing partner of Hodes Milman & Liebeck, LLP. He has extensive expertise in the area of medical malpractice suits, and his successes make him one of the most sought-after lawyers in California for representing victims in negligence cases. Daniel has earned more than 50 jury verdicts, including a landmark decision where an HMO was ordered to pay nearly $11 million for the wrongful death of a young mother-- the largest medical malpractice wrongful death verdict in Orange County history. He followed up with winning the second largest medical malpractice verdict in the county,...
Michael Sabongui
Santa Ana, CA Medical Malpractice Lawyer with 24 years experience
(714) 335-0010 1851 East First Street
Medical Malpractice, Civil Rights and Personal Injury
Jennifer R. Johnson
Free ConsultationMedical Malpractice, Elder, Personal Injury and Products Liability
As a former nurse, current lawyer and longtime advocate of social justice, Jennifer Johnson has dedicated both her personal and professional life to making a difference in her community. "Often, the people I represent wouldn't otherwise have a voice," she says, "and that's why it's such an incredible honor to represent them in the court of law."
In her legal practice, Ms.Johnson concentrates on catastrophic personal injury, wrongful death, medical malpractice and elder abuse, providing injured individuals with committed and compassionate representation in Southern California and many other parts of the...
James Otto Heiting
Medical Malpractice, Arbitration & Mediation, Insurance Claims and Personal Injury
The only past President of the State Bar of California ever elected from the Inland Empire, James Heiting handles civil litigation matters throughout California, recovering over $300 million for clients, dealing with wrongful death, serious injury, professional malpractice and transportation accidents. Also past President of Riverside’s County Bar, his firm has served the Inland Empire for over 30 years.
The managing partner of Heiting & Irwin has been practicing law since receiving his doctorate degree in law in 1976. Mr. Heiting is admitted to practice before all courts of the state, the federal courts, the United States Court of Federal Claims,...
Mr. David Azizi
(800) 991-5292 4505 Allstate Dr
I know that accidents and injuries can drastically change a person’s life. Count on me to seek maximum recovery as I represent you with legal excellence. I have a reputation for aggressive representation for my clients against auto, life, and homeowners insurance companies and defense firms. I've been involved in both small and large personal injury cases, including auto and other vehicle-related accidents, brain and other bodily injuries, product-related injuries, wrongful deaths, and even injuries due to animal attacks. I have a 98% success rate, and verdicts have resulted in multi-million dollar settlements for my clients as high as $15...
Richard Rohde
Claremont, CA Medical Malpractice Attorney with 18 years experience
(626) 593-5786 112 Harvard Avenue
Having practiced on the insurance defense side for roughly 10 years, Attorney Richard Rohde has the experience to know what the defense is going to do before they do it, and bring that personalized experience to your case. Our medical malpractice & injury lawyers have served clients in San Bernardino, Riverside, Los Angeles and Orange County for over 15 years.
If you or a family member was injured in a car accident or through the negligence of a doctor or hospital, the consequences can be long term and debilitating. Mr. Rohde has worked with countless clients involving medical malpractice, personal injury...
Paul Jonna
Rancho Santa Fe, CA Medical Malpractice Lawyer with 10 years experience
University of California - San Diego
Paul Jonna has a long successful legal career. As a top rated attorney in Rancho Santa Fe and a partner at LiMandri & Jonna LLP, he has helped a number of clients obtain the justice they are looking for. He his skilled in business litigation, wrongful death, and more. He started his career at the University of Southern California, where he earned a degree in Business Administration. He went on to graduate from the University of San Diego School of Law with his Juris Doctor. Because of his hard work and tenacity, he was selected at one of the “Best...
Samuel Franklin Trussell
Palm Desert, CA Medical Malpractice Attorney with 33 years experience
(877) 474-6772 77564 Country Club Dr.
Attorney Samuel F. Trussell is an experienced personal injury attorney. His areas of practice include accidents, defective products, medical malpractice and also elder abuse.
Medical Malpractice Lawyers in Nearby Cities
Medical Malpractice Lawyers in Nearby Counties
Use Justia to research and compare Winchester attorneys so that you can make an informed decision when you hire your counsel.
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Categories Press Archives
‘Bosch’ star Jeri Ryan proud of bimbo-free career
Posted on March 10, 2016 Author Ariane Comments Off on ‘Bosch’ star Jeri Ryan proud of bimbo-free career
LOS ANGELES – Jeri Ryan plays a former stripper/hooker/porn star on the second season of the Amazon series “Bosch,” but her character is no bimbo.
Based on author Michael Connelly’s novels about LAPD Det. Harry Bosch (Titus Welliver), the series has captured the hard-boiled school of detective fiction to a T.
Season 2 is based predominantly on the novel “Trunk Music,” providing Det. Bosch a major crime to solve, and the requisite femme fatale.
The seductress in question is played by Ryan, who takes on the role of Veronica Allen, who married an Armenian gangster/porn producer to give her a life of wealth and comfort.
“She’s got quite a colorful past, and I think she gets Bosch a little bit unbalanced,” Ryan told FOX411. “He’s not entirely sure what her real motives are. It takes him a while to figure out, I think, what’s really going on with her.”
Ryan, of course, is best known for her role as the Borg Seven of Nine on “Star Trek: Voyager,” which featured her in a figure-hugging silver ensemble that left so little to the imagination that it may as well have been spray painted on.
The mother of two — son Jack, 21, and daughter Gisele, 8 — who graduated from Lone Oak High School in Paducah, Ky. as a National Merit Scholar, says she is comfortable playing blond bombshells if the character is written right.
“I don’t have any interest in playing a bimbo,” Ryan says. “I don’t have any interest in playing a character that’s completely objectified, and I’ve been very lucky in my career that I haven’t had to. So as long as the character is strong, smart and developed well, then I have no problem with what her physical appearance is or how she dresses.”
Sitting with Ryan in a suite at the historic Sunset Tower Hotel in West Hollywood, it is obvious that if need be, she could still fit into her Seven of Nine outfit, which is amazing when you consider she is married to French chef Christophe Emé, who happens to be a fan of the Bosch novels, and that the couple owned and operated Ortolan in West Hollywood for seven years.
“I’ve always been a foodie, so I used to cook a lot more before I met my husband, because once you have a chef in the family, if he can do it better and 20 times faster, I’m going to let him do it,” she says. “But I do love to cook.”
Ortolan shuttered in 2011, so Ryan, who took a year off from acting to be in the front of the house for service at night and in the office during the day to get it going, is now back to juggling acting with motherhood.
“It’s balancing having a career and being there for your family, which is more important to me,” she says when asked her biggest challenge these days. “Our daughter just turned 8; it just goes so fast, and my son is now 21. He’s out of the house, so you blink your eyes and you miss it. I feel like I missed so much of my son’s childhood when I was on ‘Voyager’ when he was 3 or 4 years old because I was on set all the time, so I was very determined that it was going to be a very different experience with my daughter, because I don’t want to miss all this precious time.”
Season 2 of “Bosch” begins streaming on Friday, March 11 on Amazon.
SOURCE: foxnews.com
Previous PostMore Photos
Next PostBosch Season 2 Interview: Sarah Clarke “Eleanor Wish” & Jeri Ryan “Veronica Allen”
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National Security Council meetings, 1962: No. 496, 18 January 1962 [1 of 5 folders]
27 December 1961, undated
This folder contains annexes to a report of the Military Assistance Steering Group regarding the threat of communism, military and economic assistance, and United States policy towards Greece, Turkey, Iran, Korea, and the Republic of China.
1961: 30 November-12 December
This folder contains a report by the Military Assistance Steering Group regarding the threat of communism, military and economic assistance, and United States policy towards Greece, Turkey, Korea, and the Republic of China.
Staff memoranda: Komer, Robert, 1961: 16 May-14 June
1961: 9 May-13 June, undated
This folder contains memoranda from Robert W. Komer of the National Security Council (NSC) to McGeorge Bundy, Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. Topics include nuclear weapons tests and negotiations with the Soviet Union, Iran, Berlin, Korea and the United States Military Aid Program (MAP), and areas of focus for the NSC.
Staff memoranda: Komer, Robert, March 1962
19 July 1958, March 1962: 3-30
This folder contains memoranda from Robert W. Komer of the National Security Council (NSC) to McGeorge Bundy, Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. Topics include meetings between President John F. Kennedy and Dutch Foreign Minister Joseph Luns regarding negotiations between the Netherlands and Indonesia about the independence of West New Guinea, relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan, and United States foreign aid policy. Also included in this folder are background materials in preparation for a visit to the U.S. by the Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
Staff memoranda: Komer, Robert, April 1962
1962: 27 March-30 April, undated
This folder contains memoranda from Robert W. Komer of the National Security Council (NSC) to President John F. Kennedy and McGeorge Bundy, Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. Topics include negotiations between the Netherlands and Indonesia about the independence of West New Guinea, United States military aid to Morocco, and a visit to the U.S. by the Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Also included in this folder are telegrams and memoranda regarding relations and settlement negotiations between Japan and South Korea (officially known as the Republic of Korea).
"Face Off" Illegal Fundraising for Contras, 11 May 1987
Sound recording of the radio program "Face Off." Senator Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy of Massachusetts and Senator Robert J. "Bob" Dole of Kansas debate the Iran-Contra affair and illegal fundraising for the Nicaraguan Contras. The episode aired on Monday, May 11, 1987, on the Mutual Broadcasting System.
"Face Off" Iran-Contra Hearings, 14 May 1987
Sound recording of the radio program "Face Off." Senator Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy of Massachusetts and Senator Robert J. "Bob" Dole of Kansas debate the congressional hearings on the Iran-Contra affair. The episode aired on Thursday, May 14, 1987, on the Mutual Broadcasting System.
"Face Off" Elliott Abrams, 6 July 1987
Sound recording of the radio program "Face Off." Senator Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy of Massachusetts and Senator Robert J. "Bob" Dole of Kansas debate the status of Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs Elliott Abrams and his role in the Iran-Contra affair. The episode aired on Monday, July 6, 1987, on the Mutual Broadcasting System.
"Face Off" Iran-Contra Report, 2 December 1987
Sound recording of the radio program "Face Off." Senator Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy of Massachusetts and Senator Alan K. "Al" Simpson of Wyoming debate the findings of the Iran-Contra Report (report on the Iran-Contra affair) and reactions by Republicans. The episode aired on Wednesday, December 2, 1987, on the Mutual Broadcasting System.
"Face Off" Indictment of Caspar Weinberger, 29 June 1992
Sound recording of the radio program "Face Off." Senator Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy of Massachusetts and Senator Alan K. "Al" Simpson of Wyoming debate the indictment of former Secretary of Defense Caspar W. "Cap" Weinberger as part of the ongoing investigation into the Iran-Contra affair. The episode aired on Monday, June 29, 1992, on the Mutual Broadcasting System.
Edward M. Kennedy Senate Files (5)
(-)Cold War (10)
(-)Iran (10)
China (Republic) (2)
Korea (Republic) (1)
Republican Party (U.S.) (1)
Mutual Broadcasting System (5)
Komer, Robert W. (Robert William), 1922-2000 (3)
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United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration Records
Records 1956-1966 (bulk 1961-1963). Microfilm copies of speeches, biweekly reports to the White House, minutes of staff meetings, correspondence with the White House, and publications; includes records of the Office of the Administrator, Office for Legislative Affairs, Office of Manned Space Flight, Office of International Programs, Office of the General Counsel, and the Office of Administration. Hard copy includes historical studies, chronologies, reports, publications, scientific and technical publications, press releases, photographs, event programs for Presidential visits, and newsletters by NASA field facilities.
Space activities: Long Range Plans of NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), vol. I-IV, 3 May 1962
1962: January-3 May
This folder contains a report of the long range plans for NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) encompassing scientific investigations in space, satellite applications, manned space flight, launch vehicle development, and research and technology. Also included in the report are target dates for major missions, projected annual launchings, and the projected annual budget for the lunar expedition program.
Space activities: Long Range Plans of NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), vol. I-IV, 29 May 1962
1962: January-29 May
Space activities: General, vol. I-III, 1961: July-December
1961: 12 July-September
This folder contains memoranda regarding the launch of meteorological satellite TIROS III and providing space launcher assistance to other countries. Also included in this folder is a report by the United States Air Force discussing the U.S. space program and the following goals: earliest practicable achievement of manned lunar exploration, early international operational satellite communication capability, early international satellite weather prediction capability, an aggressive program of scientific investigation, and support of an adequate booster program capable of meeting civilian and military needs.
National Security Action Memoranda [NSAM]: NSAM 235, Large-Scale Scientific or Technological Experiments with Possible Adverse Environmental Effects
1963: 17 April-16 September
This file contains copies of National Security Action Memoranda number 235 (NSAM 235) titled, “Large-Scale Scientific or Technological Experiments with Possible Adverse Environmental Effects,” to Secretary of State Dean Rusk; Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara; Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall; Secretary of Commerce Luther H. Hodges; Secretary of Agriculture Orville Freeman; Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) Anthony J. Celebrezze; Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) Glenn T. Seaborg; Administrator for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) James E. Webb; Director of the National Science Foundation Alan Tower Waterman; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs McGeorge Bundy; and Special Assistant to the President for Science and Technology Jerome B. Wiesner from President John F. Kennedy.
Wiesner, Jerome B., 1963
17 December 1962-7 November 1963, undated
This folder contains memoranda between the office of President John F. Kennedy's secretary, Evelyn Lincoln, and Jerome B. Wiesner, Special Assistant to the President for Science and Technology. Topics include an acceleration of the manned lunar landing program, a coordination of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Department of Defense (DOD) regarding the Gemini program, a nuclear test ban, and Plans for Progress results after six months and one year.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 1961: January-March
1961: 13 February-31 March, undated
This folder contains material collected by the office of President John F. Kennedy's secretary, Evelyn Lincoln, concerning the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Topics include high energy accelerators; manned nuclear power aircraft; Project Rover; the NASA budget; and a meeting between NASA, Bureau of the Budget, and the President. Also included in this folder is an issue of Space Age News magazine and a paper by E.B. Skolnikoff titled, "Abstract of Possible Scientific Projects for International Cooperation."
[Space activities: Robert M. White report, undated]
This file is part of an addition to the John F. Kennedy Presidential Papers, and consists of material that was recovered by the National Archives and Records Administration on behalf of the Kennedy Presidential Library from the estate of Robert L. White. The file contains a report by Robert M. White regarding space activities, including a review of the national space program; long range plans for NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration); military space programs; scientific observation and exploration; and non-military applications of space technologies.
(-)Science (8)
Federal budget (3)
Aeronautics (1)
Von Braun, Wernher, 1912-1977 (1)
Webb, James E. (James Edwin), 1906-1992 (1)
(-)United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (8)
President (1961-1963 : Kennedy). Office of the Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. , 01/20/1961 - 11/22/1963 (1)
United States. Department of Agriculture (1)
United States. Department of Commerce (1)
United States. Department of the Interior (1)
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Ames Research Center (1)
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Goddard Space Research Center (1)
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. John F. Kennedy Space Center (1)
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Langley Research Center (1)
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Office of Manned Space Flight (1)
United States. National Science Foundation (1)
United States. President. Office of the Special Assistant to the President for Science and Technology. President's Science Advisory Committee (1)
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (2)
White, Robert M. (Robert Michael), 1924- (1)
Wiesner, Jerome B. (Jerome Bert), 1915-1994 (1)
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ST-C422-98-63. Kennedy Family Attends Burial of President John F. Kennedy at Arlington National Cemetery
Members of the Kennedy family and others attend graveside services in the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy. Those pictured include: Jacqueline Kennedy; Attorney General, Robert F. Kennedy; Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts); Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy; Patricia Kennedy Lawford; Eunice Kennedy Shriver; Sydney Lawford; Peter Lawford; Prince Stanislaus Radziwill of Poland; Steve Smith; Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.; Joan Bennett Kennedy; Director of the Peace Corps, R. Sargent Shriver; President Lyndon B. Johnson; Kennedy family friend, Kirk LeMoyne “Lem” Billings; President Kennedy’s personal secretary, Evelyn Lincoln; Senator Hubert H. Humphrey (Minnesota); President Kennedy’s valet, George E. Thomas; White House Secret Service agents, Walt Coughlin and Toby Chandler. Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia.
ST-C422-94-63. Jacqueline Kennedy Attends Burial of President John F. Kennedy at Arlington National Cemetery
Members of the Kennedy family attend graveside services in the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; Jacqueline Kennedy (holding folded flag) and Attorney General, Robert F. Kennedy (mostly hidden), walk in center. Also pictured: Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy; Steve Smith; Ethel Skakel Kennedy; honor guard pallbearer, Corporal Douglas A. Mayfield (U.S. Army). Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia.
Members of the Kennedy family and others attend graveside services in the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy. Those pictured include: Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy; Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts); Eunice Kennedy Shriver; Patricia Kennedy Lawford; Peter Lawford; Prince Stanislaus Radziwill of Poland; President Lyndon B. Johnson; King Baudouin of Belgium; Prince Gholam-Reza Pahlavi of Iran; former Social Secretary to Jacqueline Kennedy, Letitia Baldrige; White House Secret Service agent, Paul A. Burns. Honor guard pallbearers stand at left, including: Sergeant Richard E. Gaudreau (USAF), Seaman Larry B. Smith (USN), and Corporal Douglas A. Mayfield (U.S. Army). Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia.
Members of the Kennedy family and others attend graveside services in the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy. Those pictured include: Jacqueline Kennedy (mostly hidden); Attorney General, Robert F. Kennedy (mostly hidden); Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy; Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts); Eunice Kennedy Shriver; Patricia Kennedy Lawford; Peter Lawford; Prince Stanislaus Radziwill of Poland; President Lyndon B. Johnson; King Baudouin of Belgium; Prince Gholam-Reza Pahlavi of Iran; President Kennedy’s valet, George E. Thomas; White House Secret Service agent, Paul A. Burns. Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia.
ST-C422-12-63. Burial of President John F. Kennedy at Arlington National Cemetery
Members of the Kennedy family, officials, and dignitaries attend graveside services in the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; honor guard pallbearers fold the casket flag. Standing at right in foreground (partially hidden): Jacqueline Kennedy; Attorney General, Robert F. Kennedy; Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts). Also pictured: Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy; Eunice Kennedy Shriver; Jean Kennedy Smith; Patricia Kennedy Lawford; Director of the Peace Corps, R. Sargent Shriver; Peter Lawford; First Lady Lady Bird Johnson; Lucy Baines Johnson; Lynda Bird Johnson; Archbishop of Boston, Massachusetts, Richard Cardinal Cushing; Vice President of Liberia, William R. Tolbert, Jr.; President of Germany, Heinrich Lübke; President of France, General Charles de Gaulle; President of the Philippines, Diosdado Macapagal; President of South Korea, Chung Hee Park; Queen Frederika of Greece; King Baudouin of Belgium; Prince Bertil of Sweden; Secretary-General of the Presidency of France, Étienne Burin des Roziers; Minister of Foreign Affairs of France, Maurice Couve de Murville; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of France, General Charles Ailleret; Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iran, Abbas Aram; U.S. Assistant Chief of Protocol for Visits and Public Events, Samuel L. King; Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, Walter W. Heller; former Social Secretary to Jacqueline Kennedy, Letitia Baldrige; Special Assistant to President Kennedy for Congressional Relations, Larry O’Brien; Special Assistant to President Kennedy, Ralph Dungan; Personal Secretary to President Kennedy, Evelyn Lincoln; White House doorman, Preston Bruce; Superintendent of Arlington National Cemetery, John C. Metzler; White House Secret Service agents, Paul A. Burns, Walt Coughlin, Toby Chandler, and Clint Hill. Pallbearers include: Lance Corporal Jerry J. Diamond (USMC), Yeoman George A. Barnum (USCG), Lieutenant Samuel R. Bird (U.S. Army), Seaman Hubert Clark (USN), Sergeant James L. Felder (U.S. Army), Lance Corporal Timothy F. Cheek (USMC), Sergeant Richard E. Gaudreau (USAF), Seaman Larry B. Smith (USN), and Corporal Douglas A. Mayfield (U.S. Army). Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia.
AR8255-3K. Burial of President John F. Kennedy at Arlington National Cemetery
Members of the Kennedy family, officials, and dignitaries attend graveside services in the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy; honor guard pallbearers lift the casket flag. Those pictured include: Jacqueline Kennedy; Attorney General, Robert F. Kennedy; Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy (mostly hidden); Eunice Kennedy Shriver; Jean Kennedy Smith; Patricia Kennedy Lawford; Prime Minister of Japan, Hayato Ikeda; Vice President of Liberia, William R. Tolbert, Jr.; President of Germany, Heinrich Lübke; President of France, General Charles de Gaulle; Emperor of Ethiopia, Haile Selassie; President of the Philippines, Diosdado Macapagal; President of Ireland, Éamon de Valera; Minister of External Affairs of Ireland, Frank Aiken; Prince Georg Valdemar of Denmark; Secretary of State of Liberia, J. Rudolph Grimes; Secretary-General of the Presidency of France, Étienne Burin des Roziers; Chancellor of West Germany, Ludwig Erhard; Minister of Foreign Affairs of France, Maurice Couve de Murville; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of France, General Charles Ailleret; Prince Bertil of Sweden; Prime Minister of Sweden, Tage Erlander; President of Congress of Nicaragua, Luis Somoza Debayle; Ambassador of Nicaragua and Dean of the Diplomatic Corps, Dr. Guillermo Sevilla-Sacasa; Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr.; U.S. Assistant Chief of Protocol for Visits and Public Events, Samuel L. King; U.S. Secretary of Labor, Willard Wirtz; Representative Robert N. Giaimo (Connecticut); Superintendent of Arlington National Cemetery, John C. Metzler. Pallbearers include: Lance Corporal Jerry J. Diamond (USMC), Yeoman George A. Barnum (USCG), Lieutenant Samuel R. Bird (U.S. Army), Seaman Hubert Clark (USN), Sergeant James L. Felder (U.S. Army), Lance Corporal Timothy F. Cheek (USMC), Sergeant Richard E. Gaudreau (USAF), Seaman Larry B. Smith (USN), and Corporal Douglas A. Mayfield (U.S. Army). Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia.
AR8255-3I. Burial of President John F. Kennedy at Arlington National Cemetery
Honor guard pallbearers place the flag-draped casket of President John F. Kennedy at the gravesite, during graveside services in the state funeral of President Kennedy. Members of the Kennedy family walk at right, including: Attorney General, Robert F. Kennedy; Jacqueline Kennedy; Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts); Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy; Steve Smith; Peter Lawford; Eunice Kennedy Shriver. Also pictured: Superintendent of Arlington National Cemetery, John C. Metzler; Archbishop of Boston, Massachusetts, Richard Cardinal Cushing; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Maxwell D. Taylor; Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, General Curtis E. LeMay; Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral David L. McDonald; Chief of Staff of the United States Army, General Earle G. Wheeler; Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, General David M. Shoup; Commandant of the United States Coast Guard, Admiral Edwin J. Roland; Military Aide to President Kennedy, General Chester V. Clifton; Air Force Aide to President Kennedy, Brigadier General Godfrey T. McHugh; Naval Aide to President Kennedy, Captain Tazewell Shepard; White House Secret Service agents, Clint Hill and Paul Landis. Officials and dignitaries observe. Pallbearers include: Lance Corporal Jerry J. Diamond (USMC), Yeoman George A. Barnum (USCG), Lieutenant Samuel R. Bird (U.S. Army), Seaman Hubert Clark (USN), Sergeant James L. Felder (U.S. Army), Lance Corporal Timothy F. Cheek (USMC), Sergeant Richard E. Gaudreau (USAF), Seaman Larry B. Smith (USN), and Corporal Douglas A. Mayfield (U.S. Army). Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia.
AR8255-3G. Kennedy Family Arrives at Arlington National Cemetery for Burial of President John F. Kennedy
Members of the Kennedy family and others walk to the gravesite of President John F. Kennedy upon arrival at Arlington National Cemetery for graveside services in the state funeral of President Kennedy. Walking in procession: Attorney General, Robert F. Kennedy; Jacqueline Kennedy; Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts); Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy; Steve Smith; Peter Lawford; Jean Kennedy Smith; Eunice Kennedy Shriver; Patricia Kennedy Lawford; Superintendent of Arlington National Cemetery, John C. Metzler; Chief of Staff of the United States Army, General Earle G. Wheeler; Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, General David M. Shoup; Commandant of the United States Coast Guard, Admiral Edwin J. Roland; Military Aide to President Kennedy, General Chester V. Clifton; Air Force Aide to President Kennedy, Brigadier General Godfrey T. McHugh; Naval Aide to President Kennedy, Captain Tazewell Shepard; White House Secret Service agent, Clint Hill. Officials and dignitaries observe, including: Senator Kenneth B. Keating (New York); Senator Daniel Inouye (Hawaii). Arlington, Virginia.
AR8255-3F. Burial of President John F. Kennedy at Arlington National Cemetery
Honor guard pallbearers carry the flag-draped casket of President John F. Kennedy to the gravesite, during graveside services in the state funeral of President Kennedy. Walking in procession: Attorney General, Robert F. Kennedy; Jacqueline Kennedy; Senator Edward M. Kennedy (Massachusetts); Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy; Steve Smith; Archbishop of Washington, Patrick A. O’Boyle; Superintendent of Arlington National Cemetery, John C. Metzler; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Maxwell D. Taylor; Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, General Curtis E. LeMay; Chief of Staff of the United States Army, General Earle G. Wheeler; Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral David L. McDonald; Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, General David M. Shoup; Commandant of the United States Coast Guard, Admiral Edwin J. Roland; Military Aide to President Kennedy, General Chester V. Clifton; Air Force Aide to President Kennedy, Brigadier General Godfrey T. McHugh; Naval Aide to President Kennedy, Captain Tazewell Shepard. Officials and dignitaries observe. Pallbearers include: Lance Corporal Jerry J. Diamond (USMC), Yeoman George A. Barnum (USCG), Lieutenant Samuel R. Bird (U.S. Army), Seaman Hubert Clark (USN), Sergeant James L. Felder (U.S. Army), Lance Corporal Timothy F. Cheek (USMC), Sergeant Richard E. Gaudreau (USAF), Seaman Larry B. Smith (USN), and Corporal Douglas A. Mayfield (U.S. Army). Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia.
Teti-Miller Photograph Collection
Photographic materials, 1964-1986 (bulk 1968-1982). Photographer Frank Teti documented the extended Kennedy family’s activities from 1964-1986. Many of these photographic images were used in the book Kennedy: The New Generation by Frank Teti, published in 1983.
Kennedy family friends (1)
(-)Kennedy, Rose Fitzgerald, 1890-1995 (10)
Kennedy family (10)
Kennedy, Robert F. (Robert Francis), 1925-1968 (9)
Lawford, Patricia Kennedy, 1924-2006 (7)
Lawford, Peter (Peter Sidney Vaughn), 1923-1984 (7)
Mayfield, Douglas A., 1942- (6)
Smith, Stephen E. (Stephen Edward), 1927-1990 (6)
Gaudreau, Richard E., 1936?- (5)
Metzler, John C. (John Charles), 1909-1990 (5)
Smith, Larry B., 1945- (5)
Barnum, George A., 1939- (4)
Bird, Samuel Richard, 1940-1984 (4)
Cheek, Timothy F., 1943- (4)
Clark, Hubert, 1946?- (4)
Diamond, Jerry J., 1944-2011 (4)
Felder, James L., 1941?- (4)
Baudouin I, King of the Belgians, 1930-1993 (3)
Burns, Paul Allen, 1933-2005 (3)
Clifton, Chester V. (Chester Victor), 1913-1991 (3)
Hill, Clint (Clinton J.), 1932- (3)
McHugh, Godfrey T., 1911-1997 (3)
Radziwill, Stanislaus, 1914-1976 (3)
Roland, Edwin John, 1905-1985 (3)
Shepard, Tazewell (Tazewell Taylor), 1921-2013 (3)
Shoup, David M. (David Monroe), 1904-1983 (3)
Shriver, Sargent (Robert Sargent), 1915-2011 (3)
Wheeler, Earle G. (Earle Gilmore), 1908-1975 (3)
Ailleret, Charles, 1907-1968 (2)
Baldrige, Letitia, 1927-2012 (2)
Bertil, Prince, son of Gustav VI Adolf, King of Sweden, 1912- (2)
Billings, Lem (Kirk LeMoyne), 1916-1981 (2)
Burin des Roziers, Étienne, 1913-2012 (2)
Chandler, Toby J. (2)
Coughlin, Walt (J. Walter), 1934- (2)
Couve de Murville, Maurice (Jacques Maurice), 1907-1999 (2)
Cushing, Richard J. (Richard James Cardinal), 1895-1970 (2)
Gaulle, Charles de, 1890-1970 (2)
Kennedy, Ethel (Ethel Skakel), 1928- (2)
Kennedy, Joan (Joan Bennett), 1936- (2)
Kennedy, Robert F. (Robert Francis), 1954- (2)
King, Samuel L. (Samuel Larkin), 1917-2005 (2)
Lawford, Sydney (Sydney Maleia), 1956- (2)
LeMay, Curtis E. (Curtis Emerson), 1906-1990 (2)
Lincoln, Evelyn (Evelyn Norton), 1909-1995 (2)
Arlington (Va.) (10)
Hyannis Port (Mass.) (1)
Palm Beach (Fla.) (1)
(-)Arlington National Cemetery (Arlington, Va.) (10)
American Broadcasting Company (ABC) (1)
Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) (1)
Democratic National Committee (U.S.) (1)
Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Foundation (1)
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| 0.772916
| 0.772916
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"Face Off" Panama Canal, 30 June 1986
Sound recording of the radio program "Face Off." Senator Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy of Massachusetts and Senator Robert J. "Bob" Dole of Kansas debate the criminal allegations against Panamanian General Manuel Noriega and comment on the Panama Canal Treaty (also known as a Torrijos–Carter Treaty). The episode aired on Monday, June 30, 1986, on the Mutual Broadcasting System.
"Face Off" General Noriega in Panama, 14 July 1987
Sound recording of the radio program "Face Off." Senator Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy of Massachusetts and Senator Robert J. "Bob" Dole of Kansas debate restoring democracy in Panama and comment on the military dictatorship of General Manuel Noriega. The episode aired on Tuesday, July 14, 1987, on the Mutual Broadcasting System.
"Face Off" Noriega Regime in Panama, 18 November 1987
Sound recording of the radio program "Face Off." Senator Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy of Massachusetts and Senator Alan K. "Al" Simpson of Wyoming debate the problems of Panama under the dictatorship of General Manuel Noriega and the commitment of the United States to the 1978 canal treaty that requires the U.S. to turn over control of the Panama Canal to Panama by the year 2000. The episode aired on Wednesday, November 18, 1987, on the Mutual Broadcasting System.
"Face Off" General Noriega in Panama, 1 February 1988
Sound recording of the radio program "Face Off." Senator Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy of Massachusetts and Senator Alan K. "Al" Simpson of Wyoming debate the politics of Panama and its dictator, General Manuel Noriega. The episode aired on Monday, February 1, 1988, on the Mutual Broadcasting System.
"Face Off" Corruption in Panama, 1 March 1988
Sound recording of the radio program "Face Off." Senator Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy of Massachusetts and Senator Alan K. "Al" Simpson of Wyoming debate whether Panama should have been considered to be certified as cooperating in the international "war on drugs." They comment on reports and allegations of General Manuel Noriega's involvement with drug smuggling. The episode aired on Tuesday, March 1, 1988, on the Mutual Broadcasting System.
"Face Off" War on Drugs, 15 June 1988
Sound recording of the radio program "Face Off." Senator Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy of Massachusetts and Senator Alan K. "Al" Simpson of Wyoming debate the need for a fresh start in America's "war on drugs" and comment on domestic policies and the relationship between the United States and General Manuel Noriega of Panama. The episode aired on Wednesday, June 15, 1988, on the Mutual Broadcasting System.
"Face Off" Manuel Noriega, 15 May 1989
Sound recording of the radio program "Face Off." Senator Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy of Massachusetts and Senator Alan K. "Al" Simpson of Wyoming debate election fraud in Panama and the U.S. policy to oppose General Manuel Noriega's leadership of the government of Panama. The episode aired on Monday, May 15, 1989, on the Mutual Broadcasting System.
"Face Off" American Affairs in Panama, 10 January 1990
Sound recording of the radio program "Face Off." Senator Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy of Massachusetts and Senator Alan K. "Al" Simpson of Wyoming debate the United States military invasion of Panama and arrest of General Manuel Noriega of Panama to face drug charges. The episode aired on Wednesday, January 10, 1990, on the Mutual Broadcasting System.
"Face Off" United States Invasion of Panama, 9 February 1990
Sound recording of the radio program "Face Off." Senator Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy of Massachusetts and Senator Alan K. "Al" Simpson of Wyoming debate the necessity, legality, and morality of the U.S. military invasion of Panama. The episode aired on Friday, February 9, 1990, on the Mutual Broadcasting System.
"Face Off" Rebuilding Panama, 6 July 1990
Sound recording of the radio program "Face Off." Senator Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy of Massachusetts and Senator Alan K. "Al" Simpson of Wyoming debate the effectiveness of U.S. aid in helping to rebuild Panama after the U.S. military invasion that removed Panama's dictator, General Manuel Noriega. The episode aired on Friday, July 6, 1990, on the Mutual Broadcasting System.
Sound recording (10)
Edward M. Kennedy Senate Files (10)
Narcotics and drug abuse (3)
Treaties (2)
(-)Panama (10)
(-)Mutual Broadcasting System (10)
Kennedy, Edward M. (Edward Moore), 1932-2009 (10)
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| 0.426134
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Welcoming Remarks to President Alessandri of Chile at White House, 11 December 1962
White House Audio Collection
Sound recording of President John F. Kennedy’s welcome address to Chilean President Jorge Alesandri. In his speech President Kennedy discusses the mission of the Alliance for Progress, and thanks the Chilean citizens for their support during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Toast of the President and President Alesandri, 11 December 1962
Sound recording of President John F. Kennedy’s toast to President Jorge Alessandri of Chile at a luncheon held in the White House State Dining Room. In his toast President Kennedy explains the historical relationship between the two countries, to which President Alessandri responds by noting the similarities between the countries’ political systems and their shared duty to preserve democratic ideals.
(-)White House Audio Collection (2)
(-)Chile (2)
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__label__wiki
| 0.626226
| 0.626226
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Ceremonies Marking the 20th Anniversary of the Voice of America, 26 February 1962
United States Information Agency Audio Recordings Collection
Sound recording of ceremonies celebrating the twentieth anniversary of the Voice of America (VOA). Following music and introductory remarks about the VOA's role in describing policies of the United States government and in presenting a balanced reflection of American thought, VOA announcers speak briefly in Arabic, Mandarin, Russian, and Spanish. Director of the United States Information Agency (USIA) Edward R. Murrow then speaks about the VOA's operations and messaging. Director Murrow states that the American “way of diversity is the way of free choice,” drawing a parallel to emerging nations that seek their own form. Secretary of State Dean Rusk speaks next and describes the beginnings of the VOA, the VOA's role in foreign affairs, and the determination to assist developing nations and people seeking freedom. The recording ends with an extended musical performance. During a brief pause, an unidentified speaker announces that the President will arrive soon. This recording does not include remarks from President Kennedy. The tape box identifies a speaker as "Loomis." Accession MR-1972-096-009.
(-)United States Information Agency Audio Recordings Collection (1)
United States Information Agency. Voice of America (1)
(-)Rusk, Dean (David Dean), 1909-1994 (1)
Murrow, Edward R., 1908-1965 (1)
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cc/2019-30/en_head_0029.json.gz/line1402
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__label__wiki
| 0.503981
| 0.503981
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Kennedy, Robert F.: Oral History Interview - JFK #2, 4/13/1964
John F. Kennedy Oral History Collection
In this interview Robert F. Kennedy [RFK] discusses the 1961 Berlin crisis; American forces, military and diplomatic, in Germany; John F. Kennedy’s [JFK] recommendation for Americans to have fallout shelters; nuclear testing; problems with the Department of State; the start of the conflict in Vietnam, 1961; the Department of Justice under RFK and organized crime; RFK’s difficult relationship with J. Edgar Hoover; the wiretapping bill; new federal judgeships in 1961 and other presidential appointments; the Alliance for Progress; Red China; crises during JFK’s presidency and how he was an optimist; RFK’s move for an income tax increase during the Berlin crisis; RFK’s disagreements with President JFK; indecisiveness over picking JFK’s running mate, 1960; the missile gap; fighting and UN operations in the Congo; Nikita S. Khrushchev’s speeches; RFK’s 1962 trip to Japan, Indonesia, Germany, and other countries; the release of Allen L. Pope; Dutch disputes in Southeast Asia; the 1961 crisis in the Dominican Republic and the assassination of Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina; the 1962 disarmament conference in Geneva; Edward M. Kennedy’s 1962 campaign for U.S. Senate; the Kennedy family national and political reputation; the Justice Department under RFK and civil rights; and the 1962 steel crisis, among other issues.
ST-C62-1-61. President John F. Kennedy Speaks at White House Reception for the Latin American Diplomatic Corps
Reception for Latin American Diplomats, Officials, and Members of Congress. Wide shot of room as President John F. Kennedy (at right) addresses the audience from lectern; the President proposed the Alliance for Progress (Alianza para el Progreso), designed to promote economic cooperation between Latin American countries and the United States. Front row section of audience facing camera, L-R: Congressman Armistead I. Selden, Jr. (Alabama); Senator Allen J. Ellender (Louisiana); Senator Dennis Chávez (New Mexico); unidentified woman; Senator Mike Mansfield (Montana); unidentified woman; Senator Leverett Saltonstall (Massachusetts); several unidentified persons; Congressman Charles Halleck (Indiana), seated at far right; others unidentified. East Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
ST-45-2-61. President John F. Kennedy Speaks at White House Reception for the Latin American Diplomatic Corps
Reception for Latin American Diplomats, Officials, and Members of Congress. Wide shot of room as President John F. Kennedy (at right) addresses the audience from lectern; the President proposed the Alliance for Progress (Alianza para el Progreso), designed to promote economic cooperation between Latin American countries and the United States. Front row of section of audience facing camera, L-R: Congressman Armistead I. Selden, Jr. (Alabama); Senator Allen J. Ellender (Louisiana); Senator Dennis Chávez (New Mexico); unidentified woman; Senator Mike Mansfield (Montana); unidentified woman; Senator Leverett Saltonstall (Massachusetts); several unidentified persons; Congressman Charles Halleck (Indiana), seated at far right; others unidentified. East Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
AR6424-D. White House Reception for the Latin American Diplomatic Corps
Reception for Latin American Diplomats, Officials, and Members of Congress. L-R, front row: Congressman Armistead I. Selden, Jr. (Alabama); Senator Allen J. Ellender (Louisiana); Senator Dennis Chávez (New Mexico); unidentified woman; Senator Mike Mansfield (Montana); unidentified woman; Senator Leverett Saltonstall (Massachusetts); several unidentified persons; Congressman Charles Halleck (Indiana), seated at far right; others unidentified. East Room, White House, Washington, D.C.
John F. Kennedy Oral History Collection (1)
Chávez, Dennis (Dionisio), 1888-1962 (3)
Ellender, Allen (Allen Joseph), 1890-1972 (3)
Mansfield, Mike (Michael Joseph), 1903-2001 (3)
Saltonstall, Leverett, 1892-1979 (3)
Selden, Armistead Inge, 1921-1985 (3)
(-)Latin America (4)
(-)Massachusetts (4)
Cape Cod (Mass.) (1)
China (Peoples Republic) (1)
Vienna (Austria) (1)
United States. Central Intelligence Agency (1)
United States. Congress. Senate (1)
United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Office of the Secretary (1)
United States. Department of Justice (1)
United States. Department of Justice. Attorney General (1)
United States. Department of Justice. Civil Rights Division (1)
United States. Department of Justice. Federal Bureau of Investigation (1)
United States. Department of State. Agency for International Development (1)
United States. Department of State. Berlin Task Force (1)
United States. Department of State. Diplomatic and Consular Service (1)
United States. Department of State. Office of the Secretary (1)
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__label__wiki
| 0.928303
| 0.928303
|
AR7159-M. President John F. Kennedy at Opening Game of 1962 Baseball Season
President John F. Kennedy stands with government officials during the first game of the 1962 baseball season. Those pictured include: Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Abraham Ribicoff; Representative Hale Boggs of Louisiana; Secretary of Labor Arthur J. Goldberg; Special Assistant to the President Dave Powers; Special Assistant to the President Timothy Reardon; Senator Mike Mansfield of Montana; Senator Everett Dirksen of Illinois; Associate Press Secretary Andrew Hatcher; Senator George Smathers of Florda; Secretary of the Treasury C. Douglas Dillon; Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall. D.C. Stadium, Washington, D.C.
AR7159-L. President John F. Kennedy with Team Managers at Opening Game of 1962 Baseball Season
President John F. Kennedy talks with James Barton “Mickey” Vernon, Manager of the Washington Senators (wearing Senators uniform); Bob Scheffing, Manager of the Detroit Tigers (wearing Detroit uniform); and Ed Doherty, General Manager of the Washington Senators (far right), during the first game of the 1962 baseball season. Others include: Special Assistant to the President Dave Powers; Secretary of the Treasury C. Douglas Dillon; Secret Service agent Gerald “Jerry” Behn; Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall. D.C. Stadium, Washington, D.C.
AR7159-J. President John F. Kennedy with General Elwood “Pete” Quesada at Opening Game of 1962 Baseball Season
President John F. Kennedy talks with General Elwood “Pete” Quesada, majority owner of the Washington Senators, during the opening game of the 1962 baseball season. Those pictured include: Special Assistant to the President Lawrence “Larry” O’Brien; Special Assistant to the President Dave Powers; Special Assistant to the President Timothy Reardon; Senator Mike Mansfield of Montana; Representative Charles Halleck of Indiana; Secret Service Agent John “Muggsy” O’Leary; Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall; Senator George Smathers of Florida. D.C. Stadium, Washington, D.C.
AR7159-I. President John F. Kennedy Throws First Pitch of 1962 Baseball Season
President John F. Kennedy shakes hands with Bob Scheffing, Manager of the Detroit Tigers, during the first game of the 1962 baseball season. James Barton “Mickey” Vernon, Manager of the Washington Senators, looks on between the two. Others include: Special Assistant to the President Dave Powers; Secretary of the Treasury C. Douglas Dillon; Senator Everett Dirksen of Illinois; Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall. D.C. Stadium, Washington, D.C.
AR7159-G. President John F. Kennedy Signs Washington Senators Yearbook during Opening Game of 1962 Baseball Season
President John F. Kennedy signs a Washington Senators Yearbook during Opening Game of 1962 Baseball Season. Washington Senators center fielder Jimmy Piersall holds the yearbook for President Kennedy; Washington Senators pitcher Marty Kutyna (right of Piersall) holds the baseball thrown by President Kennedy as the first pitch of the season. Those looking on include: Special Assistant to the President Dave Powers; Senator Mike Mansfield of Montana; Representative Charles Halleck of Indiana; Secret Service agent Gerald “Jerry” Behn; James Barton “Mickey” Vernon, Manager of the Washington Senators; General Elwood “Pete” Quesada, majority owner of the Washington Senators; Secretary of the Treasury C. Douglas Dillon (facing away from camera); Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall. D.C. Stadium, Washington, D.C.
AR7159-E. President John F. Kennedy at Opening Game of 1962 Baseball Season
President John F. Kennedy watches the opening game of the 1962 baseball season. Those pictured include: Representative Hale Boggs of Louisiana; Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson; Special Assistant to the President Dave Powers; Special Assistant to the President Lawrence “Larry” O’Brien; Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Abraham Ribicoff; Secretary of Labor Arthur J. Goldberg; Special Assistant to the President Timothy Reardon; Senator Mike Mansfield of Montana; Senator Everett Dirksen of Illinois; Representative Charles Halleck of Indiana; Associate Press Secretary Andrew Hatcher; Secretary of the Treasury C. Douglas Dillon; Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall; Joseph Cronin, President of the American League of Professional Baseball Clubs; James Barton “Mickey” Vernon, Manager of the Washington Senators; General Elwood “Pete” Quesada, majority owner of the Washington Senators; Senator George Smathers of Florida; Bob Scheffing, Manager of the Detroit Tigers; Ed Doherty, General Manager of the Washington Senators; unidentified observers. D.C. Stadium, Washington, D.C.
AR7159-C. President John F. Kennedy with Senator George Smathers at Opening Game of 1962 Baseball Season
President John F. Kennedy talks with Senator George Smathers of Florida (right of President Kennedy) during the opening game of the 1962 baseball season. Special Assistant to the President Dave Powers sits left of the President, holding up a baseball glove. Others pictured include: Representative Carroll D. Kearns of Pennsylvania; Representative Hale Boggs of Louisiana; Secretary of Labor Arthur J. Goldberg; Special Assistant to the President Lawrence “Larry” O’Brien; Special Assistant to the President Timothy Reardon; Senator Mike Mansfield of Montana; Senator Everett Dirksen of Illinois; Representative Charles Halleck of Indiana; Associate Press Secretary Andrew Hatcher; Secret Service Agent Gerald “Jerry” Behn; Secret Service agent John “Muggsy” O’Leary; Secretary of the Treasury C. Douglas Dillon; Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall; unidentified observers. D.C. Stadium, Washington, D.C.
AR7159-B. President John F. Kennedy with Dave Powers at Opening Game of 1962 Baseball Season
President John F. Kennedy talks with Special Assistant to the President Dave Powers during the opening game of the 1962 baseball season. Those pictured include: Representative Carroll D. Kearns of Pennsylvania; Representative Hale Boggs of Louisiana; Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Abraham Ribicoff; Secretary of Labor Arthur J. Goldberg; Special Assistant to the President Lawrence “Larry” O’Brien; Senator Mike Mansfield of Montana; Senator Everett Dirksen of Illinois; Representative Charles Halleck of Indiana; Associate Press Secretary Andrew Hatcher; Secret Service Agent Gerald “Jerry” Behn; Senator George Smathers of Florida; Secretary of the Treasury C. Douglas Dillon; Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall; unidentified observers. D.C. Stadium, Washington, D.C.
AR7159-A. President John F. Kennedy with Baseball Officials at Opening Game of 1962 Baseball Season
President John F. Kennedy speaks with baseball officials before the start of the opening game of the 1962 baseball season. (L-R) Seated: Secretary of the Treasury C. Douglas Dillon (turned to observe President Kennedy); Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall. (L-R) First row of standing audience members: Representative Carroll D. Kearns of Pennsylvania; Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson; Representative Hale Boggs of Louisiana (behind Vice President Johnson); Special Assistant to the President Dave Powers; Senator Mike Mansfield of Montana; Senator Everett Dirksen of Illinois; President Kennedy; James Barton “Mickey” Vernon, Manager of the Washington Senators; Joseph Cronin, President of the American League of Professional Baseball Clubs; Bob Scheffing, Manager of the Detroit Tigers; General Elwood “Pete” Quesada, majority owner of the Washington Senators; unidentified observers. D.C. Stadium, Washington, D.C.
ST-C96-1-61. President John F. Kennedy Attends Opening Day of 1961 Baseball Season
President John F. Kennedy throws the first pitch of the 1961 baseball season at Griffith Stadium, Washington, D.C. Those looking on include Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson; Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall; Secretary of Agriculture Orville Freeman; Boys Clubs of America's "Boy of the Year" Richard Lopez; Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota; Representative Carl Albert of Oklahoma; Representative Charles Halleck of Indiana; Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield of Montana; Special Assistant to the President Dave Powers; majority owner of the Washington Senators franchise General Elwood R. “Pete” Quesada; former Washington Senators player James Barton "Mickey" Vernon; Manager of the Chicago White Sox Alfonso Ramon "Al" Lopez; Senate Minority Leader Everett Dirksen of Illinois; Special Assistant to the President Lawrence "Larry" O'Brien; Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Abraham Ribicoff; Associate Press Secretary Andrew Hatcher; Senator George Smathers of Florida; Secret Service Agent Gerald “Jerry” Behn.
AR6496-H. President John F. Kennedy Attends Opening Day of 1961 Baseball Season
President John F. Kennedy, Special Assistant to the President Dave Powers and others greet former Washington Senators player James Barton "Mickey" Vernon; Manager of the Chicago White Sox Alfonso Ramon "Al" Lopez; and General Manager of the Washington Senators Ed Doherty at the opening game of the 1961 baseball season at Griffith Stadium, Washington, D.C. Audience includes Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall; Secretary of Agriculture Orville Freeman; Boys Clubs of America's "Boy of the Year" Richard Lopez; Senate Minority Leader Everett Dirksen of Illinois; Representative Carl Albert of Oklahoma; Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield of Montana; Special Assistant to the President Lawrence "Larry" O'Brien; Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Abraham Ribicoff; Under Secretary of the Navy Paul "Red" Fay; Secret Service Agents Gerald "Jerry" Behn and John J. "Muggsy" O'Leary.
AR6496-G. President John F. Kennedy Attends Opening Day of 1961 Baseball Season
President John F. Kennedy and others listen to the national anthem during the opening game of the 1961 baseball season at Griffith Stadium, Washington, D.C. Audience includes Special Counsel to the President Ted Sorensen; Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall; Secretary of Agriculture Orville Freeman; Boys Clubs of America's "Boy of the Year" Richard Lopez; Representative Carl Albert of Oklahoma; Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield of Montana; Associate Press Secretary Andrew Hatcher; Special Assistants to the President Lawrence "Larry" O'Brien and David F. “Dave” Powers; Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Abraham Ribicoff; Secretary of Labor Arthur Goldberg; Under Secretary of the Navy Paul "Red" Fay; General Manager of the Washington Senators baseball team Ed Doherty; Secret Service Agents Gerald "Jerry" Behn and John J. “Muggsy” O’Leary.
AR6496-F. President John F. Kennedy Attends Opening Day of 1961 Baseball Season
President John F. Kennedy, Special Assistant to the President Dave Powers, and Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall talk during the opening game of the 1961 baseball season at Griffith Stadium, Washington, D.C. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson (face hidden) stands behind Powers; Postmaster General J. Edward Day and Secret Service Agent John J. “Muggsy” O’Leary (partially hidden) stand behind Udall.
AR6496-D. President John F. Kennedy Attends Opening Day of 1961 Baseball Season
President John F. Kennedy speaks with Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson at the opening game of the 1961 baseball season at Griffith Stadium, Washington, D.C. Special Assistant to the President Dave Powers and majority owner of the Washington Senators franchise General Elwood R. “Pete” Quesada stand next to the President. The row in front of the President includes (L-R) Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall; Secretary of Agriculture Orville Freeman; Boys Clubs of America’s "Boy of the Year" Richard Lopez; unidentified. Others in the crowd include: Representative Charles Halleck of Indiana; Representative Carl Albert of Oklahoma; Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield of Montana; Senator George Smathers of Florida; Associate Press Secretary Andrew Hatcher; Special Assistant to the President Lawrence "Larry" O'Brien; Under Secretary of the Navy Paul "Red" Fay; General Manager of the Washington Senators baseball team Ed Doherty; Secret Service Agent John J. “Muggsy” O’Leary.
AR6496-C. President John F. Kennedy Attends Opening Day of 1961 Baseball Season
President John F. Kennedy; Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson; Special Assistant to the President Dave Powers and others with former Washington Senators player James Barton "Mickey" Vernon and majority owner of the Washington Senators franchise General Elwood R. “Pete” Quesada at the opening game of the 1961 baseball season at Griffith Stadium, Washington, D.C. The row in front of the President includes (L-R) Special Assistant to the President Ted Sorensen; Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall; Secretary of Agriculture Orville Freeman; Boys Clubs of America’s "Boy of the Year" Richard Lopez; unidentified. Others in the crowd include Representative Charles Halleck of Indiana; Representative Carl Albert of Oklahoma; Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield of Montana; Senate Minority Leader Everett Dirksen of Illinios; Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota; Senator George Smathers of Florida; Associate Press Secretary Andrew Hatcher; Special Assistant to the President Lawrence "Larry" O'Brien; Postmaster General J. Edward Day; Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Abraham Ribicoff; Under Secretary of the Navy Paul "Red" Fay; Secret Service Agents Gerald "Jerry" Behn and John J. "Muggsy" O'Leary; General Manager of the Washington Senators baseball team Ed Doherty; Secretary of Labor Arthur Goldberg; Special Assistant to the President, Frank D. Reeves.
AR6496-B. President John F. Kennedy Attends Opening Day of 1961 Baseball Season
President John F. Kennedy; Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson; Special Assistant to the President Dave Powers and others greet former Washington Senators player James Barton "Mickey" Vernon and majority owner of the Washington Senators franchise General Elwood R. “Pete” Quesada at the opening game of the 1961 baseball season at Griffith Stadium, Washington, D.C. The row in front of the President includes (L-R) Special Assistant to the President Ted Sorensen; Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall; Secretary of Agriculture Orville Freeman; Boys Clubs of America's "Boy of the Year" Richard Lopez; unidentified. Others in the crowd include Representative Charles Halleck of Indiana; Representative Carl Albert of Oklahoma; Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield of Montana; Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota; Senator George Smathers of Florida; Associate Press Secretary Andrew Hatcher; Special Assistant to the President Lawrence "Larry" O'Brien; Postmaster General J. Edward Day; Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Abraham Ribicoff; Under Secretary of the Navy Paul "Red" Fay; Secret Service Agents Gerald "Jerry" Behn and John J. “Muggsy” O’Leary; General Manager of the Washington Senators baseball team Ed Doherty; Secretary of Labor Arthur Goldberg; Special Assistant to the President Frank D. Reeves.
White House Photographs (16)
(-)Udall, Stewart (Stewart Lee), 1920-2010 (16)
Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963 (16)
Powers, Dave (David Francis), 1912-1998 (16)
Mansfield, Mike (Michael Joseph), 1903-2001 (13)
O'Brien, Lawrence F. (Lawrence Francis), 1917-1990 (10)
Behn, Gerald A., 1916-1983 (9)
Dillon, C. Douglas (Clarence Douglas), 1909-2003 (9)
Dirksen, Everett (Everett McKinley), 1896 - 1969 (9)
Smathers, George A. (George Armistead), 1913-2007 (9)
Vernon, Mickey, 1918-2008 (9)
Hatcher, Andrew T. (Andrew Thomas), 1923-1990 (8)
O'Leary, Muggsy (John Joseph) (8)
Quesada, Elwood R. (Elwood Richard), 1904-1993 (8)
Ribicoff, Abraham A. (Abraham Alexander), 1910-1998 (8)
Doherty, Ed (Edward A.), 1918-2000 (7)
Goldberg, Arthur J. (Arthur Joseph), 1908-1990 (7)
Albert, Carl (Carl Bert), 1908-2000 (6)
Freeman, Orville L. (Orville Lothrop), 1918-2003 (6)
Lopez, Richard (6)
Boggs, Hale (Thomas Hale), 1914-1972 (5)
Fay, Paul B. (Paul Burgess), 1918-2009 (5)
Reardon, Timothy (Timothy James, "Ted"), 1915-1993 (4)
Scheffing, Robert Boden, 1915-1985 (4)
Day, J. Edward (James Edward), 1914-1996 (3)
Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978 (3)
Kearns, Carroll Dudley, 1900-1976 (3)
Cronin, Joe (Joseph Edward), 1906-1984 (2)
Lopez, Al, 1908- (2)
Reeves, Frank (Frank Daniel), 1916-1973 (2)
Kutyna, Marty (Marion John), 1932- (1)
Piersall, Jimmy (James Anthony), 1929- (1)
Washington (D.C.) (16)
(-)American League of Professional Baseball Clubs (16)
District of Columbia Stadium (Washington, D.C.) (9)
Griffith Stadium (Washington, D.C.) (1911 - 1965) (7)
Rowe, Abbie, 1905-1967 (15)
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cc/2019-30/en_head_0029.json.gz/line1404
|
__label__wiki
| 0.768661
| 0.768661
|
President John F. Kennedy’s Trip to Europe June 23-July 2, 1963
1963: 23 June-2 July
White House Films
Motion picture covering President John F. Kennedy’s European trip in the summer of 1963. President Kennedy arrives in West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) and travels to various sites. Included are appearances with Chancellor Konrad Adenauer of the Federal Republic of Germany and Mayor of West Berlin Willy Brandt. President Kennedy then arrives in Ireland and is greeted by Irish President Eamon de Valera. Among President Kennedy's travels are a visit to the Kennedy Homestead with Jean Kennedy Smith and Eunice Kennedy Shriver. President Kennedy then arrives in England and is greeted by British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan before traveling to various sites. President Kennedy then arrives in Italy and is greeted by Italian President Antonio Segni before visiting various sites. President Kennedy visits the Vatican and meets Pope Paul VI.
Source: White House # D-3618.
Photographed by: Cecil W. Stoughton.
Sound by: Alfred J. Storey.
White House Rooms, May 1963
Silent motion picture containing shots of the various rooms of the White House, Washington, D.C. Apart from one shot of a man vacuuming, there are no shots of people. The picture tends to be somewhat dark in places.
Photography by: Cecil W. Stoughton.
Visit of Chancellor Adenauer, November 14, 1962
Silent motion picture of the arrival of Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany Konrad Adenauer at the White House, Washington, D.C., and his greeting by President John F. Kennedy, First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, and Secretary of State Dean Rusk. Following is a brief review of the Honor Guard assembled on the South Lawn before the the Chancellor is led into the executive mansion. Photographed by: Cecil Stoughton.
Ben Bella Visit, October 15, 1962
Silent motion picture covering the official state visit of President Mohamed Ahmed Ben Bella of Algeria to the United States. President John F. Kennedy greets President Ben Bella on the White House Lawn. Also present are Secretary of State Dean Rusk, First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, and John F. Kennedy Jr.
Jazz Concert, November 19, 1962
Silent motion picture of a jazz concert performed in the White House, Washington, D.C., and a luncheon that follows. First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy and Luci Baines Johnson attend. Photographed by: Cecil W. Stoughton.
(-)Moving image (5)
White House Films (5)
Religious matters (1)
Voyages and travels (1)
White House (Washington, D.C.) (1)
Adenauer, Konrad (Konrad Hermann Josef), 1876-1967 (2)
Ben Bella, Ahmed (Mohamed Ahmed), 1918-2012 (1)
De Valera, Éamon, 1882-1975 (1)
Johnson, Luci Baines, 1947- (1)
Macmillan, Harold (Maurice Harold), 1894-1986 (1)
Paul VI, Pope, 1897-1978 (1)
Segni, Antonio, 1891-1972 (1)
Germany (Federal Republic) (1)
Rome (Italy) (1)
(-)United States. Department of Defense. Department of the Army. Office of the Chief Signal Officer., 09/18/1947 - 02/28/1964 (5)
Storey, Alfred J. (1)
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Cornell Law SchoolSearch Cornell
liibulletin
Nebbia v. New York
Nebbia v. New York (No. 531)
Argued: December 4, 5, 1933
Decided: March 5, 1934
262 N.Y. 259; 186 N.E. 694, affirmed.
Opinion, Roberts
Separate, Mcreynolds
1. As a basis for attacking a discriminatory regulation of prices, under the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, the party complaining must show that he himself is adversely affected by it. P. 520.
2. A regulation fixing the price at which storekeepers may buy milk from milk dealers at a higher figure than that allowed dealers in buying from producers, and allowing dealers a higher price than it allows storekeepers in sales to consumers, held consistent with the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment because of the distinctions between the two classes of merchants. P. 521.
3. As part of a plan to remedy evils in the milk industry which reduced the income of the producer below cost of production and threatened to deprive the community of an assured supply of milk, a New York statute sought to prevent destructive price-cutting by stores which, under the peculiar circumstances, were able to buy at much lower prices than the larger distributors and to sell without incurring delivery costs, and, to that end, an order of a state board acting under the statute fixed a minimum price of ten cents per quart for sales by distributors to consumers and of nine cents per quart for sales by stores to consumers. Held that, as applied to a storekeeper, the regulation could not be adjudged in conflict with the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, since, in view of the facts set forth in the opinion, it appeared not to be unreasonable or arbitrary or without relation to the purpose of the legislation. Pp. 530 et seq.
4. The use of private property and the making of private contracts are, as a general rule, free from governmental interference; but they are subject to public regulation when the public need requires. P. 523.
5. The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment conditions the exertion of regulatory power by requiring that the end shall be accomplished by methods consistent with due process, that the regulation shall not be unreasonable, arbitrary or capricious, and that the means selected shall have a real and substantial relation to the object sought to be attained. P. 525. [p503]
6. It results that a regulation valid for one sort of business, or in given circumstances, may be invalid for another sort, or for the same business under other circumstances, because the reasonableness of each regulation depends upon the relevant facts. P. 525.
7. The power of a State to regulate business in the public interest extends to the control and regulation of prices for which commodities may be sold, where price regulation is a reasonable and appropriate means of rectifying the evil calling for the regulation. Pp. 531 et seq.
8. There is no principle limiting price regulation to businesses which are public utilities, or which have a monopoly or enjoy a public grant or franchise. Munn v. Illinois, 94 U.S. 113. P. 531.
9. To say that property is "clothed with a public interest," or an industry is "affected with a public interest," means that the property or the industry, for adequate reason, is subject to control for the public good. Pp. 531-536.
10. There is no closed class or category of businesses affected with a public interest, and the function of courts in the application of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments is to determine in each case whether circumstances vindicate the challenged regulation as a reasonable exertion of governmental authority or condemn it as arbitrary or discriminatory. P. 536.
11. Decisions denying the power to control prices in businesses found not to be "affected with a public interest" or "clothed with a public use" must rest finally upon the basis that the requirements of due process were not met because the laws were found arbitrary in their operation and effect. P. 536.
12. So far as the requirement of due process is concerned, and in the absence of other constitutional restriction, a State is free to adopt whatever economic policy may reasonably be deemed to promote public welfare, and to enforce that policy by legislation adapted to its purpose. The courts are without authority either to declare such policy, or, when it is declared by the legislature, to override it. If the laws passed are seen to have a reasonable relation to a proper legislative purpose, and are neither arbitrary nor discriminatory, the requirements of due process are satisfied, and judicial determination to that effect renders a court functus officio. P. 503.
13. The legislature is primarily the judge of the necessity of such an enactment; every possible presumption is in favor of its validity, and though the court may think the enactment unwise, it may not be annulled unless palpably in excess of legislative power. P. 537. [p504]
14. If the lawmaking body, within its sphere of government, concludes that the conditions or practices in an industry make unrestricted competition an inadequate safeguard of the consumer's interests, produce waste harmful to the public, threaten ultimately to cut off the supply of a commodity needed by the public, or portend the destruction of the industry itself, appropriate statutes passed in an honest effort to correct the threatened consequences may not be set aside because the regulation adopted fixes prices -- reasonably deemed by the legislature to be fair to those engaged in the industry and to the consuming public. P. 538.
15. This is especially clear where the economic maladjustment is one of price, which threatens harm to the producer at one end of the series, and the consumer, at the other. P. 538.
16. The Constitution does not secure to anyone liberty to conduct his business in such fashion as to inflict injury upon the public at large, or upon any substantial group of people. P. 539.
17. Price control, like any other form of regulation, is unconstitutional only if arbitrary, discriminatory, or demonstrably irrelevant to the policy the legislature is free to adopt, and hence an unnecessary and unwarranted interference with individual liberty. P. 539.
The New York Court of Appeals affirmed the conviction of a storekeeper for selling milk at a price below that allowed by an order promulgated by a state board pursuant to statutory authority. The appeal here is from the judgment of the County Court entered on remittitur. [p515]
ROBERTS, J., Opinion of the Court
MR. JUSTICE ROBERTS delivered the opinion of the Court.
The Legislature of New York established, by Chapter 158 of the Laws of 1933, a Milk Control Board with power, among other things, to "fix minimum and maximum . . . retail prices to be charged by . . . stores to consumers for consumption off the premises where sold." The Board fixed nine cents as the price to be charged by a store for a quart of milk. Nebbia, the proprietor of a grocery store in Rochester, sold two quarts and a five cent loaf of bread for eighteen cents, and was convicted for violating the Board's order. At his trial, he asserted the statute and order contravene the equal protection clause and the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, and renewed the contention in successive appeals to the county court and the Court of Appeals. Both overruled his claim and affirmed the conviction. [n1]
The question for decision is whether the Federal Constitution prohibits a state from so fixing the selling price of milk. We first inquire as to the occasion for the legislation, and its history.
During 1932, the prices received by farmers for milk were much below the cost of production. The decline in prices during 1931 and 1932 was much greater than that of prices generally. The situation of the families of dairy producers had become desperate, and called for state aid similar to that afforded the unemployed, if conditions should not improve. [p516]
On March 10, 1932, the senate and assembly resolved
That a joint Legislative committee is hereby created . . . to investigate the causes of the decline of the price of milk to producers and the resultant effect of the low prices upon the dairy industry and the future supply of milk to the cities of the State; to investigate the cost of distribution of milk and its relation to prices paid to milk producers, to the end that the consumer may be assured of an adequate supply of milk at a reasonable price, both to producer and consumer.
The committee organized May 6, 1932, and its activities lasted nearly a year. It held 13 public hearings at which 254 witnesses testified and 2,350 typewritten pages of testimony were taken. Numerous exhibits were submitted. Under its direction, an extensive research program was prosecuted by experts and official bodies and employees of the state and municipalities, which resulted in the assembling of much pertinent information. Detailed reports were received from over 100 distributors of milk, and these were collated, and the information obtained analyzed. As a result of the study of this material, a report covering 473 closely printed pages, embracing the conclusions and recommendations of the committee, was presented to the legislature April 10, 1933. This document included detailed findings, with copious references to the supporting evidence; appendices outlining the nature and results of prior investigations of the milk industry of the state, briefs upon the legal questions involved, and forms of bills recommended for passage. The conscientious effort and thoroughness exhibited by the report lend weight to the committee's conclusions.
In part, those conclusions are:
Milk is an essential item of diet. It cannot long be stored. It is an excellent medium for growth of bacteria. These facts necessitate safeguards in its production and handling for human consumption which greatly increase [p517] the cost of the business. Failure of producers to receive a reasonable return for their labor and investment over an extended period threaten a relaxation of vigilance against contamination.
The production and distribution of milk is a paramount industry of the state, and largely affects the health and prosperity of its people. Dairying yields fully one-half of the total income from all farm products. Dairy farm investment amounts to approximately $1,000,000,000. Curtailment or destruction of the dairy industry would cause a serious economic loss to the people of the state.
In addition to the general price decline, other causes for the low price of milk include: a periodic increase in the number of cows and in milk production; the prevalence of unfair and destructive trade practices in the distribution of milk, leading to a demoralization of prices in the metropolitan area and other markets, and the failure of transportation and distribution charges to be reduced in proportion to the reduction in retail prices for milk and cream.
The fluid milk industry is affected by factors of instability peculiar to itself which call for special methods of control. Under the best practicable adjustment of supply to demand, the industry must carry a surplus of about 20 percent, because milk, an essential food, must be available as demanded by consumers every day in the year, and demand and supply vary from day to day and according to the season; but milk is perishable, and cannot be stored. Close adjustment of supply to demand is hindered by several factors difficult to control. Thus, surplus milk presents a serious problem, as the prices which can be realized for it for other uses are much less than those obtainable for milk sold for consumption in fluid form or as cream. A satisfactory stabilization of prices for fluid milk requires that the burden of surplus milk be shared equally by all producers and all distributors in the milkshed. [p518] So long as the surplus burden is unequally distributed, the pressure to market surplus milk in fluid form will be a serious disturbing factor. The fact that the larger distributors find it necessary to carry large quantities of surplus milk, while the smaller distributors do not, leads to price-cutting and other forms of destructive competition. Smaller distributors, who take no responsibility for the surplus, by purchasing their milk at the blended prices (i.e., an average between the price paid the producer for milk for sale as fluid milk, and the lower surplus milk price paid by the larger organizations) can undersell the larger distributors. Indulgence in this price-cutting often compels the larger dealer to cut the price, to his own and the producer's detriment.
Various remedies were suggested, amongst them united action by producers, the fixing of minimum prices for milk and cream by state authority, and the imposition of certain graded taxes on milk dealers proportioned so as to equalize the cost of milk and cream to all dealers, and so remove the cause of price-cutting.
The legislature adopted Chapter 158 as a method of correcting the evils, which the report of the committee showed could not be expected to right themselves through the ordinary play of the forces of supply and demand, owing to the peculiar and uncontrollable factors affecting the industry. The provisions of the statute are summarized in the margin. [n2] [p519]
Section 312(e), on which the prosecution in the present case is founded, provides:
After the board shall have fixed prices to be charged or paid for milk in any form [p520] . . . , it shall be unlawful for a milk dealer to sell or buy or offer to sell or buy milk at any price less or more than such price . . . , and no method or device shall be lawful whereby milk is bought or sold . . . at a price less or more than such price . . . , whether by any discount, or rebate, or free service, or advertising allowance, or a combined price for such milk together with another commodity or commodities, or service or services, which is less or more than the aggregate of the prices for the milk and the price or prices for such other commodity or commodities, or service or services, when sold or offered for sale separately or otherwise. . . .
First. The appellant urges that the order of the Milk Control Board denies him the equal protection of the laws. It is shown that the order requires him, if he purchases his supply from a dealer, to pay eight cents per quart and [p521] five cents per pint, and to resell at not less than nine and six, whereas the same dealer may buy his supply from a farmer at lower prices and deliver milk to consumers at ten cents the quart and six cents the pint. We think the contention that the discrimination deprives the appellant of equal protection is not well founded. For aught that appears, the appellant purchased his supply of milk from a farmer as do distributors, or could have procured it from a farmer, if he so desired. There is therefore no showing that the order placed him at a disadvantage, or, in fact, affected him adversely, and this alone is fatal to the claim of denial of equal protection. But if it were shown that the appellant is compelled to buy from a distributor, the difference in the retail price he is required to charge his customers, from that prescribed for sales by distributors, is not, on its face, arbitrary or unreasonable, for there are obvious distinctions between the two sorts of merchants which may well justify a difference of treatment, if the legislature possesses the power to control the prices to be charged for fluid milk. Compare American Sugar Refining Co. v. Louisiana, 179 U.S. 89; Brown-Forman Co. v. Kentucky, 217 U.S. 563; State Board of Tax Commissioners v. Jackson, 283 U.S. 527.
Second. The more serious question is whether, in the light of the conditions disclosed, the enforcement of § 312(e) denied the appellant the due process secured to him by the Fourteenth Amendment.
Save the conduct of railroads, no business has been so thoroughly regimented and regulated by the State of New York as the milk industry. Legislation controlling it in the interest of the public health was adopted in 1862, [n3] and subsequent statutes [n4] have been carried into the general [p522] codification known as the Agriculture and Markets Law. [n5] A perusal of these statutes discloses that the milk industry has been progressively subjected to a larger measure of control. [n6] The producer or dairy farmer is in certain circumstances liable to have his herd quarantined against bovine tuberculosis; is limited in the importation of dairy cattle to those free from Bang's disease; is subject to rules governing the care and feeding of his cows and the care of the milk produced, the condition and surroundings of his barns and buildings used for production of milk, the utensils used, and the persons employed in milking (§§ 46, 47, 55, 72-88). Proprietors of milk gathering stations or processing plants are subject to regulation (§ 54), and persons in charge must operate under license and give bond to comply with the law and regulations; must keep records, pay promptly for milk purchased, abstain from false or misleading statements and from combinations to fix prices (§§ 57, 57a, 252). In addition, there is a large volume of legislation intended to promote cleanliness and fair trade practices, affecting all who are engaged in the industry. [n7] The challenged amendment [p523] of 1933 carried regulation much farther than the prior enactments. Appellant insists that it went beyond the limits fixed by the Constitution.
Under our form of government, the use of property and the making of contracts are normally matters of private, and not of public, concern. The general rule is that both shall be free of governmental interference. But neither property rights [n8] nor contract rights [n9] are absolute, for government cannot exist if the citizen may at will use his property to the detriment of his fellows, or exercise his freedom of contract to work them harm. Equally fundamental with the private right is that of the public to regulate it in the common interest. As Chief Justice Marshall said, speaking specifically of inspection laws, such laws form
a portion of that immense mass of legislation which embraces every thing within the territory of a State . . . , all which can be most advantageously exercised by the States themselves. Inspection laws, quarantine laws, health laws of every description, as well as laws for regulating the internal commerce of a State . . . are component parts of this mass. [n10]
Justice Barbour said for this court:
. . . it is not only the right, but the bounden and solemn duty, of a state to advance the safety, happiness and prosperity of its people, and to provide for its general welfare by any and every act of legislation which it may deem to be conducive to these ends where the power over the particular subject, or the manner of its exercise, is not surrendered or restrained, in the manner just stated. [p524] That all those powers which relate to merely municipal legislation, or what may, perhaps, more properly be called internal police, are not thus surrendered or restrained, and that, consequently, in relation to these, the authority of a state is complete, unqualified, and exclusive. [n11]
And Chief Justice Taney said upon the same subject:
But what are the police powers of a State? They are nothing more or less than the powers of government inherent in every sovereignty to the extent of its dominions. And whether a State passes a quarantine law, or a law to punish offences, or to establish courts of justice, or requiring certain instruments to be recorded, or to regulate commerce within its own limits, in every case, it exercises the same powers -- that is to say, the power of sovereignty, the power to govern men and things within the limits of its dominion. It is by virtue of this power that it legislates, and its authority to make regulations of commerce is as absolute as its power to pass health laws, except insofar as it has been restricted by the constitution of the United States. [n12]
Thus has this court, from the early days, affirmed that the power to promote the general welfare is inherent in government. Touching the matters committed to it by the Constitution, the United States possesses the power, [n13] as do the states in their sovereign capacity touching all subjects jurisdiction of which is not surrendered to the federal government, as shown by the quotations above given. These correlative rights, that of the citizen to exercise exclusive dominion over property and freely to contract about his affairs and that of the state to regulate the use of property and the conduct of business, are always in collision. No exercise of the private right can be [p525] imagined which will not in some respect, however slight, affect the public; no exercise of the legislative prerogative to regulate the conduct of the citizen which will not to some extent abridge his liberty or affect his property. But, subject only to constitutional restraint, the private right must yield to the public need.
The Fifth Amendment, in the field of federal activity, [n14] and the Fourteenth, as respects state action, [n15] do not prohibit governmental regulation for the public welfare. They merely condition the exertion of the admitted power by securing that the end shall be accomplished by methods consistent with due process. And the guaranty of due process, as has often been held, demands only that the law shall not be unreasonable, arbitrary or capricious, and that the means selected shall have a real and substantial relation to the object sought to be attained. It results that a regulation valid for one sort of business, or in given circumstances, may be invalid for another sort or for the same business under other circumstances, because the reasonableness of each regulation depends upon the relevant facts.
The reports of our decisions abound with cases in which the citizen, individual or corporate, has vainly invoked the Fourteenth Amendment in resistance to necessary and appropriate exertion of the police power.
The court has repeatedly sustained curtailment of enjoyment of private property in the public interest. The owner's rights may be subordinated to the needs of other private owners whose pursuits are vital to the paramount interests of the community. [n16] The state may control the [p526] use of property in various ways; may prohibit advertising billboards except of a prescribed size and location, [n17] or their use for certain kinds of advertising; [n18] may in certain circumstances authorize encroachments by party walls in cities; [n19] may fix the height of buildings, the character of materials, and methods of construction, the adjoining area which must be left open, and may exclude from residential sections offensive trades, industries and structures likely injuriously to affect the public health or safety; [n20] or may establish zones within which certain types of buildings or businesses are permitted and others excluded. [n21] And although the Fourteenth Amendment extends protection to aliens as well as citizens, [n22] a state may for adequate reasons of policy exclude aliens altogether from the use and occupancy of land. [n23]
Laws passed for the suppression of immorality, in the interest of health, to secure fair trade practices, and to safeguard the interests of depositors in banks, have been found consistent with due process. [n24] These measures not [p527] only affected the use of private property, but also interfered with the right of private contract. Other instances are numerous where valid regulation has restricted the right of contract, while less directly affecting property rights. [n25]
The Constitution does not guarantee the unrestricted privilege to engage in a business or to conduct it as one [p528] pleases. Certain kinds of business may be prohibited; [n26] and the right to conduct a business, or to pursue a calling, may be conditioned. [n27] Regulation of a business to prevent waste of the state's resources may be justified. [n28] And statutes prescribing the terms upon which those conducting certain businesses may contract, or imposing terms if they do enter into agreements, are within the state's competency. [n29] [p529]
Legislation concerning sales of goods, and incidentally affecting prices, has repeatedly been held valid. In this class fall laws forbidding unfair competition by the charging of lower prices in one locality than those exacted in another, [n30] by giving trade inducement to purchasers, [n31] and by other forms of price discrimination. [n32] The public policy with respect to free competition has engendered state and federal statutes prohibiting monopolies, [n33] which have been upheld. On the other hand, where the policy of the state dictate that a monopoly should be granted, statutes having that effect have been held inoffensive to the constitutional guarantees. [n34] Moreover, the state or a municipality may itself enter into business in competition with private proprietor, and thus effectively [p530] although indirectly control the prices charged by them. [n35]
The milk industry in New York has been the subject of longstanding and drastic regulation in the public interest. The legislative investigation of 1932 was persuasive of the fact that, for this and other reasons, unrestricted competition aggravated existing evils, and the normal law of supply and demand was insufficient to correct maladjustments detrimental to the community. The inquiry disclosed destructive and demoralizing competitive conditions and unfair trade practices which resulted in retail price-cutting and reduced the income of the farmer below the cost of production. We do not understand the appellant to deny that, in these circumstances, the legislature might reasonably consider further regulation and control desirable for protection of the industry and the consuming public. That body believed conditions could be improved by preventing destructive price-cutting by stores which, due to the flood of surplus milk, were able to buy at much lower prices than the larger distributors and to sell without incurring the delivery costs of the latter. In the order of which complaint is made, the Milk Control Board fixed a price of ten cents per quart for sales by a distributor to a consumer, and nine cents by a store to a consumer, thus recognizing the lower costs of the store and endeavoring to establish a differential which would be just to both. In the light of the facts, the order appears not to be unreasonable or arbitrary, or without relation to the purpose to prevent ruthless competition from destroying the wholesale price structure on which the farmer depends for his livelihood, and the community for an assured supply of milk. [p531]
But we are told that, because the law essays to control prices, it denies due process. Notwithstanding the admitted power to correct existing economic ills by appropriate regulation of business, even though an indirect result may be a restriction of the freedom of contract or a modification of charges for services or the price of commodities, the appellant urges that direct fixation of prices is a type of regulation absolutely forbidden. His position is that the Fourteenth Amendment requires us to hold the challenged statute void for this reason alone. The argument runs that the public control of rates or prices is per se unreasonable and unconstitutional, save as applied to businesses affected with a public interest; that a business so affected is one in which property is devoted to an enterprise of a sort which the public itself might appropriately undertake, or one whose owner relies on a public grant or franchise for the right to conduct the business, or in which he is bound to serve all who apply; in short, such as is commonly called a public utility; or a business in its nature a monopoly. The milk industry, it is said, possesses none of these characteristics, and, therefore, not being affected with a public interest, its charges may not be controlled by the state. Upon the soundness of this contention the appellant's case against the statute depends.
We may as well say at once that the dairy industry is not, in the accepted sense of the phrase, a public utility. We think the appellant is also right in asserting that there is in this case no suggestion of any monopoly or monopolistic practice. It goes without saying that those engaged in the business are in no way dependent upon public grants or franchises for the privilege of conducting their activities. But if, as must be conceded, the industry is subject to regulation in the public interest, what constitutional principle bars the state from correcting existing [p532] maladjustments by legislation touching prices? We think there is no such principle. The due process clause makes no mention of sales or of prices any more than it speaks of business or contracts or buildings or other incidents of property. The thought seems nevertheless to have persisted that there is something peculiarly sacrosanct about the price one may charge for what he makes or sells, and that, however able to regulate other elements of manufacture or trade, with incidental effect upon price, the state is incapable of directly controlling the price itself. This view was negatived many years ago. Munn v. Illinois, 94 U.S. 113. The appellant's claim is, however, that this court, in there sustaining a statutory prescription of charges for storage by the proprietors of a grain elevator, limited permissible legislation of that type to businesses affected with a public interest, and he says no business is so affected except it have one or more of the characteristics he enumerates. But this is a misconception. Munn and Scott held no franchise from the state. They owned the property upon which their elevator was situated, and conducted their business as private citizens. No doubt they felt at liberty to deal with whom they pleased, and on such terms as they might deem just to themselves. Their enterprise could not fairly be called a monopoly, although it was referred to in the decision as a "virtual monopoly." This meant only that their elevator was strategically situated, and that a large portion of the public found it highly inconvenient to deal with others. This court concluded the circumstances justified the legislation as an exercise of the governmental right to control the business in the public interest; that is, as an exercise of the police power. It is true that the court cited a statement from Lord Hale's De Portibus Maris, to the effect that, when private property is "affected with a public interest, it ceases to be juris privati only"; but the court proceeded at once to define what it understood by [p533] the expression, saying:
Property does become clothed with a public interest when used in a manner to make it of public consequence, and affect the community at large.
(P. 126.) Thus, understood, "affected with a public interest" is the equivalent of "subject to the exercise of the police power", and it is plain that nothing more was intended by the expression. The court had been at pains to define that power (pp. 124, 125) ending its discussion in these words:
From this, it is apparent that, down to the time of the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment, it was not supposed that statutes regulating the use, or even the price of the use, of private property necessarily deprived an owner of his property without due process of law. Under some circumstances, they may, but not under all. The amendment does not change the law in this particular; it simply prevents the States from doing that which will operate as such a deprivation. [n36]
In the further discussion of the principle, it is said that, when one devotes his property to a use "in which the public has an interest," he, in effect, "grants to the public an interest in that use," and must submit to be controlled for the common good. The conclusion is that, if Munn and Scott wished to avoid having their business regulated, they should not have embarked their property in an industry which is subject to regulation in the public interest.
The true interpretation of the court's language is claimed to be that only property voluntarily devoted to a known public use is subject to regulation as to rates. But obviously Munn and Scott had not voluntarily dedicated their business to a public use. They intended only [p534] to conduct it as private citizens, and they insisted that they had done nothing which gave the public an interest in their transactions or conferred any right of regulation. The statement that one has dedicated his property to a public use is, therefore, merely another way of saying that, if one embarks in a business which public interest demands shall be regulated, he must know regulation will ensue.
In the same volume, the court sustained regulation of railroad rates. [n37] After referring to the fact that railroads are carriers for hire, are incorporated as such, and given extraordinary powers in order that they may better serve the public, it was said that they are engaged in employment " affecting the public interest," and therefore, under the doctrine of the Munn case, subject to legislative control as to rates. And in another of the group of railroad cases then heard, [n38] it was said that the property of railroads is "clothed with a public interest" which permits legislative limitation of the charges for its use. Plainly, the activities of railroads, their charges and practices, so nearly touch the vital economic interests of society that the police power may be invoked to regulate their charges, and no additional formula of affection or clothing with a public interest is needed to justify the regulation. And this is evidently true of all business units supplying transportation, light, heat, power and water to communities, irrespective of how they obtain their powers.
The touchstone of public interest in any business, its practices and charges, clearly is not the enjoyment of any franchise from the state, Munn v. Illinois, supra. Nor is it the enjoyment of a monopoly; for in Brass v. [p535] North Dakota, 153 U.S. 391, a similar control of prices of grain elevators was upheld in spite of overwhelming and uncontradicted proof that about six hundred grain elevators existed along the line of the Great Northern Railroad, in North Dakota; that, at the very station where the defendant's elevator was located, two others operated, and that the business was keenly competitive throughout the state.
In German Alliance Insurance Co. v. Lewis, 233 U.S. 389, a statute fixing the amount of premiums for fire insurance was held not to deny due process. Though the business of the insurers depended on no franchise or grant from the state, and there was no threat of monopoly, two factors rendered the regulation reasonable. These were the almost universal need of insurance protection and the fact that, while the insurers competed for the business, they all fixed their premiums for similar risks according to an agreed schedule of rates. The court was at pains to point out that it was impossible to lay down any sweeping and general classification of businesses as to which price-regulation could be adjudged arbitrary or the reverse.
Many other decisions show that the private character of a business does not necessarily remove it from the realm of regulation of charges or prices. The usury laws fix the price which may be exacted for the use of money, although no business more essentially private in character can be imagined than that of loaning one's personal funds. Griffith v. Connecticut, 218 U.S. 563. Insurance agents' compensation may be regulated, though their contracts are private, because the business of insurance is considered one properly subject to public control. O'Gorman & Young v. Hartford Fire Ins. Co., 282 U.S. 251. Statutes prescribing in the public interest the amounts to be charged by attorneys for prosecuting certain claims, a matter ordinarily one of personal and private nature, [p536] are not a deprivation of due process. Frisbie v. United States, 157 U.S. 160; Capital Trust Co. v. Calhoun, 250 U.S. 208; Calhoun v. Massie, 253 U.S. 170; Newman v. Moyers, 253 U.S. 182; Yeiser v. Dysart, 267 U.S. 540; Margolin v. United States, 269 U.S. 93. A stockyards corporation, "while not a common carrier, nor engaged in any distinctively public employment, is doing a work in which the public has an interest," and its charges may be controlled. Cotting v. Kansas City Stockyards Co., 183 U.S. 79, 85. Private contract carriers, who do not operate under a franchise, and have no monopoly of the carriage of goods or passengers, may, since they use the highways to compete with railroads, be compelled to charge rates not lower than those of public carriers for corresponding services, if the state, in pursuance of a public policy to protect the latter, so determines. Stephenson v. Binford, 287 U.S. 251, 274.
It is clear that there is no closed class or category of businesses affected with a public interest, and the function of courts in the application of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments is to determine in each case whether circumstances vindicate the challenged regulation as a reasonable exertion of governmental authority or condemn it as arbitrary or discriminatory. Wolff Packing Co. v. Industrial Court, 262 U.S. 522, 535. The phrase "affected with a public interest " can, in the nature of things, mean no more than that an industry, for adequate reason, is subject to control for the public good. In several of the decisions of this court wherein the expressions "affected with a public interest" and "clothed with a public use" have been brought forward as the criteria of the validity of price control, it has been admitted that they are not susceptible of definition and form an unsatisfactory test of the constitutionality of legislation directed at business practices or prices. These decisions must rest, finally, upon the basis that the requirements of due process were [p537] not met, because the laws were found arbitrary in their operation and effect. [n39] But there can be no doubt that, upon proper occasion and by appropriate measures, the state may regulate a business in any of its aspects, including the prices to be charged for the products or commodities it sells.
So far as the requirement of due process is concerned, and in the absence of other constitutional restriction, a state is free to adopt whatever economic policy may reasonably be deemed to promote public welfare, and to enforce that policy by legislation adapted to its purpose. The courts are without authority either to declare such policy or, when it is declared by the legislature, to override it. If the laws passed are seen to have a reasonable relation to a proper legislative purpose, and are neither arbitrary nor discriminatory, the requirements of due process are satisfied, and judicial determination to that effect renders a court functus officio.
Whether the free operation of the normal laws of competition is a wise and wholesome rule for trade and commerce is an economic question which this court need not consider or determine.
Northern Securities Co. v. United States, 193 U.S. 197, 337-338. And it is equally clear that, if the legislative policy be to curb unrestrained and harmful competition by measures which are not arbitrary or discriminatory, it does not lie with the courts to determine that the rule is unwise. With the wisdom of the policy adopted, with the adequacy or practicability of the law enacted to forward it, the courts are both incompetent and unauthorized to deal. The course of decision in this court exhibits a firm adherence to these principles. Times without number, we have said that the legislature is primarily the judge of the necessity of such an enactment, [p538] that every possible presumption is in favor of its validity, and that, though the court may hold views inconsistent with the wisdom of the law, it may not be annulled unless palpably in excess of legislative power. [n40]
The lawmaking bodies have in the past endeavored to promote free competition by laws aimed at trusts and monopolies. The consequent interference with private property and freedom of contract has not availed with the courts to set these enactments aside as denying due process. [n41] Where the public interest was deemed to require the fixing of minimum prices, that expedient has been sustained. [n42] If the lawmaking body, within its sphere of government, concludes that the conditions or practices in an industry make unrestricted competition an inadequate safeguard of the consumer's interests, [n43] produce waste harmful to the public, threaten ultimately to cut off the supply of a commodity needed by the public, or portend the destruction of the industry itself, appropriate statutes passed in an honest effort to correct the threatened consequences may not be set aside because the regulation adopted fixes prices reasonably deemed by the legislature to be fair to those engaged in the industry and to the consuming public. And this is especially so where, as here, the economic maladjustment is one of price, which threatens harm to the producer at one end of the series and the consumer at the other. The Constitution does [p539] not secure to anyone liberty to conduct his business in such fashion as to inflict injury upon the pubic at large, or upon any substantial group of the people. Price control, like any other form of regulation, is unconstitutional only if arbitrary, discriminatory, or demonstrably irrelevant to the policy the legislature is free to adopt, and hence an unnecessary and unwarranted interference with individual liberty.
Tested by these considerations, we find no basis in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment for condemning the provisions of the Agriculture and Markets Law here drawn into question.
The judgment is
1. People v. Nebbia, 262 N.Y. 259, 186 N.E. 694.
2. Chapter 158 of the Laws of 1933 added a new Article (numbered 25) to the Agriculture and Markets Law. The reasons for the enactment are set forth in the first section (§ 300). So far as material they are: that unhealthful, unfair, unjust, destructive, demoralizing and uneconomic trade practices exist in the production, sale and distribution of milk and milk products, whereby the dairy industry in the state and the constant supply of pure milk to inhabitants of the state are imperiled; these conditions are a menace to the public health, welfare and reasonable comfort; the production and distribution of milk is a paramount industry upon which the prosperity of the state in a great measure depends; existing economic conditions have largely destroyed the purchasing power of milk producers for industrial products, have broken down the orderly production and marketing of milk, and have seriously impaired the agricultural assets supporting the credit structure of the state and its local governmental subdivisions. The danger to public health and welfare consequent upon these conditions is declared to be immediate, and to require public supervision and control of the industry to enforce proper standards of production, sanitation and marketing.
The law then (§ 301) defines the terms used; declaring, inter alia, that "milk dealer" means any person who purchases or handles milk within the state, for sale in the state, or sells milk within the state except when consumed on the premises where sold, and includes within the definition of "store" a grocery store.
By § 302, a state Milk Control Board is established, and, by § 303, general power is conferred upon that body to supervise and regulate the entire milk industry of the state, subject to existing provisions of the public health law, the public service law, the state sanitary code, and local health ordinances and regulations; to act as arbitrator or mediator in controversies arising between producers and dealers, or groups within those classes, and to exercise certain special powers to which reference will be made.
The Board is authorized to promulgate orders and rules which are to have the force of law (§ 304); to make investigations (§ 305); to enter and inspect premises in which any branch of the industry is conducted, and examine the books, papers and records of any person concerned in the industry (§ 306); to license all milk dealers and suspend or revoke licenses for specified causes, its action in these respects being subject to review by certiorari (§ 308), and to require licensees to keep records (§ 309) and to make reports (§ 310).
A violation of any provision of Article 25 or of any lawful order of the Board is made a misdemeanor (§ 307).
By § 312, it is enacted (a):
The board shall ascertain by such investigations and proofs as the emergency permits, what prices for milk in the several localities and markets of the state, and under varying conditions, will best protect the milk industry in the state and insure a sufficient quantity of pure and wholesome milk . . . and be most in the public interest. The board shall take into consideration all conditions affecting the milk industry including the amount necessary to yield a reasonable return to the producer and to the milk dealer.
(b) After such investigation, the board shall, by official order, fix minimum and maximum wholesale and retail prices to be charged by milk dealers to consumers, by milk dealers to stores for consumption on the premises or for resale to consumers, and by stores to consumers for consumption off the premises where sold. It is declared
(c) that the intent of the law is that the benefit of any advance in price granted to dealers shall be passed on to the producer, and if the board, after due hearing, finds this has not been done, the dealer's license may be revoked, and the dealer may be subjected to the penalties mentioned in the Act. The board may (d) after investigation fix the prices to be paid by dealers to producers for the various grades and classes of milk.
Subsection (e), on which the prosecution in the present case is founded, is quoted in the text.
Alterations may be made in existing orders after hearing of the interested parties (f) and orders made are subject to review on certiorari. The board (§ 319) is to continue with all the powers and duties specified until March 31, 1934, at which date it is to be deemed abolished. The Act contains further provisions not material to the present controversy.
3. Laws of 1862, Chap. 467.
4. Laws of 1893, Chap. 338. Laws of 1909, Chap. 9; Consol.Laws, Chap. 1.
5. Laws of 1927, Chap. 207; Cahill's Consolidated Laws of New York, 1930, Chap. 1.
6. Many of these regulations have been unsuccessfully challenged on constitutional grounds. See People v. Cipperly, 101 N.Y. 634, 4 N.E. 107; People v. Hill, 44 Hun 472; People v. West, 106 N.Y. 293, 12 N.E. 610; People v. Kibler, 106 N.Y. 321, 12 N.E. 795; People v. Hills, 64 App.Div. 584, 72 N.Y.S. 340; People v. Bowen, 182 N.Y. 1; 74 N.E. 489; Lieberman v. Van de Carr, 199 U.S. 552; St. John v. New York, 201 U.S. 633; People v. Koster, 121 App.Div. 852, 106 N.Y.S. 793; People v. Abramson, 208 N.Y. 138, 101 N.E. 849; People v. Frudenberg, 209 N.Y. 218, 103 N.E. 166; People v. Beakes Dairy Co., 222 N.Y. 416, 119 N.E. 115; People v. Teuscher, 248 N.Y. 454, 162 N.E. 484; People v. Perretta, 253 N.Y. 305; 171 N.E. 72; People v. Ryan, 230 App.Div. 252, 243 N.Y.S. 644; Mintz v. Baldwin, 289 U.S. 346.
7. See Cahill's Consolidated Laws of New York, 1930, and Supplements to and including 1933: Chap. 21, §§ 270-274; Chap. 41, §§ 435, 438, 1740, 1764, 2350-2357; Chap. 46, §§ 6-a, 20, 21.
8. Munn v. Illinois, 94 U.S. 113, 124, 125; Orient Ins. Co. v. Daggs, 172 U.S. 557, 566; Northern Securities Co. v. United States, 193 U.S. 197, 351, and see the cases cited in notes 16-23, infra.
9. Allgeyer v. Louisiana, 165 U.S. 578, 591; Atlantic Coast Line v. Riverside Mills, 219 U.S. 186, 202; Chicago, B. & Q. R. Co. v. McGuire, 219 U.S. 549, 567; Stephenson v. Binford, 287 U.S. 251, 274.
10. Gibbons v. Ogden, 9 Wheat. 1, 203.
11. New York v. Miln, 11 Pet. 102, 139.
12. License Cases, 5 How. 504, 583
13. United States v. Dewitt, 9 Wall. 41; Gloucester Ferry Co. v. Pennsylvania, 114 U.S. 196, 215.
14. Addyston Pipe & Steel Co. v. United States, 175 U.S. 211, 228-229.
15. Barbier v. Connolly, 113 U.S. 27, 31; Chicago, B. & Q. R. Co. v. Drainage Comm'rs, 200 U.S. 561, 592.
16. Clark v. Nash, 198 U.S. 361; Strickley v. Highland Boy Mining Co., 200 U.S. 527.
17. Cusack Co. v. Chicago, 242 U.S. 526; St. Louis Poster Advertising Co. v. St. Louis, 249 U.S. 269.
18. Packer Corp. v. Utah, 285 U.S. 105.
19. Jackman v. Rosenbaum Co., 260 U.S. 22.
20. Fischer v. St. Louis, 194 U.S. 361; Welch v. Swasey, 214 U.S. 91; Hadacheck v. Sebastian, 239 U.S. 394; Reinman v. Little Rock, 237 U.S. 171.
21. Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co., 272 U.S. 365; Zahn v. Board of Public Works, 274 U.S. 325; Gorieb v. Fox, 274 U.S. 603.
22. Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 369.
23. Terrace v. Thompson, 263 U.S. 197; Webb v. O'Brien, 263 U.S. 313.
24. Forbidding transmission of lottery tickets, Lottery Case, 188 U.S. 321; transportation of prize fight films, Weber v. Freed, 239 U.S. 325; the shipment of adulterated food, Hipolite Egg Co. v. United States, 220 U.S. 45; transportation of women for immoral purposes, Hoke v. United States, 227 U.S. 308; Caminetti v. United States, 242 U.S. 470; transportation of intoxicating liquor, Clark Distilling Co. v. Western Maryland Ry. Co., 242 U.S. 311; requiring the public weighing of grain, Merchants Exchange v. Missouri, 248 U.S. 365; regulating the size and weight of loaves of bread, Schmidinger v. Chicago, 226 U.S. 578; Petersen. Baking Co. v. Bryan, 290 U.S. 570; regulating the size and character of packages in which goods are sold, Armour & Co. v. North Dakota, 240 U.S. 510; regulating sales in bulk of a stock in trade, Lemieux v. Young, 211 U.S. 489; Kidd, Dater & Price Co. v. Musselman Grocer Co., 217 U.S. 461; sales of stocks and bonds, Hall v. Geiger-Jones Co., 242 U.S. 539; Merrick v. Halsey & Co., 242 U.S. 568; requiring fluid milk offered for sale to be tuberculin tested, Adams v. Milwaukee, 228 U.S. 572; regulating sales of grain by actual weight, and abrogating exchange rules to the contrary, House v. Mayes, 219 U.S. 270; subjecting state banks to assessments for a state depositors' guarantee fund, Noble State Bank v. Haskell, 219 U.S. 104.
25. Prescribing hours of labor in particular occupations, Holden v. Hardy, 169 U.S. 366; B. & O. R. Co. v. I.C.C., 221 U.S. 612; Bunting v. Oregon, 243 U.S. 426; prohibiting child labor, Sturges & Burn Co. v. Beauchamp, 231 US. 320; forbidding night work by women, Radice v. New York, 264 U.S. 292; reducing hours of labor for women, Muller v. Oregon, 208 U.S. 412; Riley v. Massachusetts, 232 U.S. 671; Miller v. Wilson, 236 U.S. 373; fixing the time for payment of seamen's wages, Patterson v. Bark Eudora, 190 U.S. 169; Strathearn S.S. Co. v. Dillon, 252 U.S. 348; of wages of railroad employes, St. Louis, I. M. & St.P. Ry. Co. v. Paul, 173 U.S. 404; Erie R. Co. v. Williams, 233 U.S. 685; regulating the redemption of store orders issued for wages, Knoxville Iron Co. v. Harbison, 183 US. 13; Keokee Consolidated Coke Co. v. Taylor, 234 U.S. 224; regulating the assignment of wages, Mutual Loan Co. v. Martell, 222 US. 225; requiring payment for coal mined on a fixed basis other than that usually practiced, McLean v. Arkansas, 211 U.S. 539; Rail & River Coal Co. v. Yaple, 236 U.S. 38; establishing a system of compulsory workmen's compensation, New York Central R. Co. v. White, 243 U.S. 188; Mountain Timber Co. v. Washington, 243 U.S. 219.
26. Sales of stock or grain on margin, Booth v. Illinois, 184 U.S. 425; Brodnax v. Missouri, 219 U.S. 285; Otis v. Parker, 187 U.S. 606; the conduct of pool and billiard rooms by aliens, Clarke v. Deckebach, 274 U.S. 392; the conduct of billiard and pool rooms by anyone, Murphy v. California, 225 U.S. 623; the sale of liquor, Mugler v. Kansas, 123 U.S. 623; the business of soliciting claims by one not an attorney, McCloskey v. Tobin, 252 U.S. 107; manufacture or sale of oleomargarine, Powell v. Pennsylvania, 127 U.S. 678; hawking and peddling of drugs or medicines, Baccus v. Louisiana, 232 U.S. 334; forbidding any other than a corporation to engage in the business of receiving deposits, Dillingham v. McLaughlin, 264 U.S. 370, or any other than corporations to do a banking business, Shallenberger v. First State Bank, 219 U.S. 114.
27. Physicians, Dent v. West Virginia, 129 U.S. 114; Watson v. Maryland, 218 U.S. 173; Crane v. Johnson, 242 U.S. 339; Hayman v. Galveston, 273 U.S. 414; dentists, Douglas v. Noble, 261 U.S. 165; Graves v. Minnesota, 272 U.S. 425; employment agencies, Brazee v. Michigan, 241 U.S. 340; public weighers of grain, Merchants Exchange v. Missouri, 248 U.S. 365; real estate brokers, Bratton v. Chandler, 260 U.S. 110; insurance agents, La Tourette v. McMaster, 248 U.S. 465; insurance companies, German Alliance Ins. Co. v. Lewis, 233 U.S. 389; the sale of cigarettes, Gundling v. Chicago, 177 U.S. 183; the sale of spectacles, Roschen v. Ward, 279 U.S. 337; private detectives, Lehon v. Atlanta, 242 U.S. 53; grain brokers, Chicago Board of Trade v. Olsen, 262 U.S. l; business of renting automobiles to be used by the renter upon the public streets, Hodge Co. v. Cincinnati, 284 U.S. 335.
28. Champlin Refining Co. v. Corporation Comm'n, 286 U.S. 210. Compare Bandini Petroleum Co. v. Superior Court, 284 U.S. 8, 21-22.
29. Contracts of carriage, Atlantic Coast Line v. Riverside Mills, 219 U.S. 186; agreements substituting relief or insurance payments for actions for negligence, Chicago, B. & Q. R. Co. v. McGuire, 219 U.S. 549; affecting contracts of insurance, Orient Ins. Co. v. Daggs, 172 US. 557; Whitfield v. Aetna Life Ins. Co., 205 U.S. 489; National Union Fire Ins. Co. v. Wanberg, 260 U.S. 71; Hardware Dealers Mut. F. I. Co. v. Glidden Co., 284 U.S. 151; contracts for sale of real estate, Selover, Bates & Co. v. Walsh, 226 U.S. 112; contracts for sale of farm machinery, Advance-Rumely Co. v. Jackson, 287 U.S. 283; bonds for performance of building contracts, Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co. v. Nelson Mfg. Co., 291 U.S. 352.
30. Central Lumber Co. v. South Dakota, 226 U.S. 157.
31. Rast v. Van Deman & Lewis Co., 240 U.S. 342.
32. Van Camp & Sons Co. v. American Can Co., 278 U.S. 245.
33. State statutes: Smiley v. Kansas, 196 U.S. 447; National Cotton Oil Co. v. Texas, 197 U.S. 115; Waters-Pierce Oil Co. v. Texas (No. 1), 212 U.S. 86; Hammond Packing Co. v. Arkansas, 212 U.S. 322; Grenada Lumber Co. v. Mississippi, 217 U.S. 433; International Harvester Co. v. Missouri, 234 U.S. 199.
Federal statutes: United States v. Joint Traffic Assn., 171 U.S. 505, 559, 571-573; Addyston Pipe & Steel Co. v. United States, 175 U.S. 211, 228-229; Northern Securities Co. v. United States, 193 U.S. 197, 332; United Shoe Mach. Corp. v. United States, 258 U.S. 451, 462-464.
34. Slaughter-House Cases, 16 Wall. 36; Conway v. Taylor's Executor, 1 Black 603; Crowley v. Christensen, 137 U.S. 86.
35. Madera Water Works v. Madera, 228 U.S. 454; Jones v. Portland, 245 U.S. 217; Green v. Frazier, 253 U.S. 233; Standard Oil Co. v. Lincoln, 275 U.S. 504.
36. As instances of Acts of Congress regulating private businesses consistently with the due process guarantee of the Fifth Amendment, the court cites those fixing rates to be charged at private wharves, by chimney-sweeps and hackneys, cartmen, wagoners and draymen in the District of Columbia (p. 125).
37. Chicago, B. & Q. R. Co. v. Iowa, 94 U.S. 155. It will be noted that the emphasis is here reversed, and the carrier is said to be in a business affecting the public, not that the business is somehow affected by an interest of the public
38. Peik v. C. & N.W. Ry. Co., 94 U.S. 164.
39. See Wolff Packing Co. v. Industrial Court, supra; Tyson & Bro. v. Banton, 273 U.S. 418; Ribnik v. McBride, 277 U.S. 350; Williams v. Standard Oil Co., 278 U.S. 235.
40. See McLean v. Arkansas, 211 U.S. 539, 547; Tanner v. Little, 240 U.S. 369, 385; Green v. Frazier, 253 U.S. 233, 240; O'Gorman & Young v. Hartford Fire Ins. Co., 282 U.S. 251, 257-258; Gant v. Oklahoma City, 289 U.S. 98, 102.
41. See note 32, supra.
42. Public Service Comm'n v. Great Northern Utilities Co., 289 U.S. 130; Stephenson v. Binford, supra. See the Transportation Act, 1920, 41 Stat. 456, §§ 418, 422, amending § 15 of the Interstate Commerce Act, and compare Anchor Coal Co. v. United States, 25 F.2d 462; New England Divisions Case, 261 U.S. 184, 190, 196.
43. See Public Service Comm'n v. Great Northern Utilities Co., supra.
MCREYNOLDS, J., Separate Opinion
Separate opinion of MR. JUSTICE McREYNOLDS.
By an act effective April 10, 1933 (Laws, 1933, Ch. 158), when production of milk greatly exceeded the demand, the Legislature created a Control Board with power to
regulate the entire milk industry of New York state, including the production, transportation, manufacture, storage, distribution, delivery and sale. . . .
board may adopt and enforce all rules and all orders necessary to carry out the provisions of this article. . . . A rule of the board, when duly posted and filed as provided in this section, shall have the force and effect of law. . . ; a violation of any provision of this article or of any rule or order of the board lawfully made, except as otherwise expressly provided by this article, shall be a misdemeanor. . . .
After considering
all conditions affecting the milk industry including the amount necessary to yield a reasonable return to the producer and to the milk dealer . . .
shall fix by official order the minimum wholesale and retail prices, and may fix by official order the maximum wholesale and retail prices to be charged for milk handled within the state. [p540]
April 17, this Board prescribed nine cents per quart as the minimum at which "a store" might sell. [*] April 19, appellant Nebbia, a small storekeeper in Rochester, sold two bottles at a less price. An information charged that, by so doing, he committed a misdemeanor. A motion to dismiss, which challenged the validity of both statute and order, being overruled, the trial proceeded under a plea of not guilty. The Board's order and statements by two witnesses tending to show the alleged sale constituted the entire evidence. Notwithstanding the claim, that, under the XIV Amendment, the State lacked power to [p541] prescribe prices at which he might sell pure milk, lawfully held, he was adjudged guilty and ordered to pay a fine.
The Court of Appeals affirmed the conviction. Among other things, it said, pp. 264 et seq.: --
The sale by Nebbia was a violation of the statute "inasmuch as the Milk Control Board had fixed a minimum price for milk at nine cents per quart."
The appellant not unfairly summarizes this law by saying that it first declares that milk has been selling too cheaply in the State of New York, and has thus created a temporary emergency; this emergency is remedied by making the sale of milk at a low price a crime; the question of what is a low price is determined by the majority vote of three officials. As an aid in enforcing the rate regulation, the milk industry in the State of New York is made a business affecting the public health and interest until March 31, 1934, and the Board can exclude from the milk business any violator of the statute or the Board's orders.
In fixing sale prices. the Board
must take into consideration the amount necessary to yield a "reasonable return" to the producer and the milk dealer. . . . The fixing of minimum prices is one of the main features of the act. The question is whether the act, so far as it provides for fixing minimum prices for milk, is unconstitutional . . . in that it interferes with the right of the milk dealer to carry on his business in such manner as suits his convenience without state interference as to the price at which he shall sell his milk. The power thus to regulate private business can be invoked only under special circumstances. It may be so invoked when the Legislature is dealing with a paramount industry upon which the prosperity of the entire State in large measure depends. It may not be invoked when we are dealing with an ordinary business, essentially private in its nature. [p542] This is the vital distinction pointed out in New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann ( 285 U.S. 262, 277). . . .
The question is as to whether the business justifies the particular restriction, or whether the nature of the business is such that any competent person may, conformably to reasonable regulation, engage therein. The production of milk is, on account of its great importance as human food, a chief industry of the State of New York. . . . It is of such paramount importance as to justify the assertion that the general welfare and prosperity of the State, in a very large and real sense, depend upon it. . . . The State seeks to protect the producer by fixing a minimum price for his milk to keep open the stream of milk flowing from the farm to the city and to guard the farmer from substantial loss. . . . Price is regulated to protect the farmer from the exactions of purchasers against which he cannot protect himself. . . .
Concededly, the Legislature cannot decide the question of emergency and regulation free from judicial review, but this court should consider only the legitimacy of the conclusions drawn from the facts found.
We are accustomed to rate regulation in cases of public utilities and other analogous cases, and to the extension of such regulative power into similar fields. . . . This case, for example, may be distinguished from the Oklahoma ice case (New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann, 285 U.S. 262, 277), holding that the business of manufacturing and selling ice cannot be made a public business, to which it bears a general resemblance. The New York law creates no monopoly; does not restrict production; was adopted to meet an emergency; milk is a greater family necessity than ice. . . . Mechanical concepts of jurisprudence make easy a decision on the strength of seeming authority. . . .
Doubtless the statute before us would be condemned by an earlier generation as a temerarious interference [p543] with the rights of property and contract . . . , with the natural law of supply and demand. But we must not fail to consider that the police power is the least limitable of the powers of government, and that it extends to all the great public needs; . . . that statutes . . . aiming to stimulate the production of a vital food product by fixing living standards of prices for the producer, are to be interpreted with that degree of liberality which is essential to the attainment of the end in view; . . .
With full respect for the Constitution as an efficient frame of government in peace and war, under normal conditions or in emergencies; with cheerful submission to the rule of the Supreme Court that legislative authority to bridge property rights and freedom of contract can be justified only by exceptional circumstances and, even then, by reasonable regulation only, and that legislative conclusions based on findings of fact are subject to judicial review, we do not feel compelled to hold that the "due process" clause of the Constitution has left milk producers unprotected from oppression, and to place the stamp of invalidity on the measure before us.
With the wisdom of the legislation, we have naught to do. It may be vain to hope, by laws, to oppose the general course of trade. . . .
We are unable to say that the Legislature is lacking in power not only to regulate and encourage the production of milk, but also, when conditions require, to regulate the prices to be paid for it, so that a fair return may be obtained by the producer and a vital industry preserved from destruction. . . . The policy of noninterference with individual freedom must at times give way to the policy of compulsion for the general welfare.
Our question is whether the Control Act, as applied to appellant through the order of the Board, number five, deprives him of rights guaranteed by the XIV Amendment. He was convicted of a crime for selling his own [p544] property -- wholesome milk -- in the ordinary course of business at a price satisfactory to himself and the customer. We are not immediately concerned with any other provision of the act, or later orders. Prices at which the producer may sell were not prescribed -- he may accept any price -- nor was production in any way limited. "To stimulate the production of a vital food product" was not the purpose of the statute. There was an oversupply of an excellent article. The affirmation is
that milk has been selling too cheaply . . . , and has thus created a temporary emergency; this emergency is remedied by making the sale of milk at a low price a crime.
The opinion below points out that the statute expires March 31, 1934, "and is avowedly a mere temporary measure to meet an existing emergency," but the basis of the decision is not explicit. There was no definite finding of an emergency by the court upon consideration of established facts, and no pronouncement that conditions were accurately reported by a legislative committee. Was the legislation upheld because only temporary, and for an emergency, or was it sustained upon the view that the milk business bears a peculiar relation to the public, is affected with a public interest, and, therefore, sales prices may be prescribed irrespective of exceptional circumstances? We are left in uncertainty. The two notions are distinct, if not conflicting. Widely different results may follow adherence to one or the other.
The theory that legislative action which ordinarily would be ineffective because of conflict with the Constitution may become potent if intended to meet peculiar conditions and properly limited was lucidly discussed, and its weakness disclosed, by the dissenting opinion in Home [p545] Building & Loan Assn. v. Blaisdell, 290 U.S. 398. Sixty years ago, in Milligan's case, this Court declared it inimical to Constitutional government, and did "write the vision and make it plain upon tables that he may run that readeth it."
Milligan, charged with offenses against the United States committed during 1863 and 1864, was tried, convicted and sentenced to be hanged by a military commission proceeding under an Act of Congress passed in 1862. The crisis then existing was urged in justification of its action. But this Court held the right of trial by jury did not yield to emergency, and directed his release.
Those great and good men [who drafted the Constitution] foresaw that troublous times would arise when rulers and people would become restive under restraint, and seek by sharp and decisive measures to accomplish ends deemed just and proper, and that the principles of constitutional liberty would be in peril unless established by irrepealable law. . . . The Constitution of the United States is a law for rulers and people, equally in war and in peace, and covers with the shield of its protection all classes of men, at all times and under all circumstances. No doctrine involving more pernicious consequences was ever invented by the wit of man than that any of its provisions can be suspended during any of the great exigencies of government. Such a doctrine leads directly to anarchy or despotism.
Ex parte Milligan (1866), 4 Wall. 2, 120.
The XIV Amendment wholly disempowered the several States to "deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." The assurance of each of these things is the same. If now liberty or property may be struck down because of difficult circumstances, we must expect that, hereafter, every right must yield to the voice of an impatient majority when stirred by distressful [p546] exigency. Amid the turmoil of civil war, Milligan was sentenced; happily, this Court intervened. Constitutional guaranties are not to be "thrust to and fro and carried about with every wind of doctrine." They were intended to be immutable so long as within our charter. Rights shielded yesterday should remain indefeasible today and tomorrow. Certain fundamentals have been set beyond experimentation; the Constitution has released them from control by the State. Again and again, this Court has so declared.
Adams v. Tanner, 244 U.S. 590, condemned a Washington initiative measure which undertook to destroy the business of private employment agencies because it unduly restricted individual liberty. We there said --
The fundamental guaranties of the Constitution cannot be freely submerged if and whenever some ostensible justification is advanced and the police power invoked.
Buchanan v. Warley, 245 U.S. 60, held ineffective an ordinance which forbade negroes to reside in a city block where most of the houses were occupied by whites.
It is equally well established that the police power, broad as it is, cannot justify the passage of a law or ordinance which runs counter to the limitations of the Federal Constitution; that principle has been so frequently affirmed in this court that we need not stop to cite the cases.
Southern Ry. Co. v. Virginia, 290 U.S. 190, 196 --
The claim that the questioned statute was enacted under the police power of the State, and, therefore, is not subject to the standards applicable to legislation under other powers, conflicts with the firmly established rule that every State power is limited by the inhibitions of the XIV Amendment.
Akins v. Children's Hospital, 261 U.S. 525, 545.
That the right to contract about one's affairs is a part of the liberty of the individual protected by this clause [p547] [Fifth Amendment] is settled by the decisions of this Court, and is no longer open to question.
Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390, 399, held invalid a State enactment (1919) which forbade the teaching in schools of any language other than English.
While this Court has not attempted to define with exactness the liberty thus guaranteed, the term has received much consideration, and some of the included things have been definitely stated. Without doubt, it denotes not merely freedom from bodily restraint, but also the right of the individual to contract, to engage in any of the common occupations of life, to acquire useful knowledge, to marry, establish a home and bring up children, to worship God according to the dictates of his own conscience, and generally to enjoy those privileges long recognized at common law as essential to the orderly pursuit of happiness by free men.
Schlesinger v. Wisconsin, 270 U.S. 230, 240. "The State is forbidden to deny due process of law or the equal protection of the laws for any purpose whatsoever."
Near v. Minnesota, 283 U.S. 697, overthrew a Minnesota statute designed to protect the public against obvious evils incident to the business of regularly publishing malicious, scandalous and defamatory matters, because of conflict with the XIV Amendment.
In the following, among many other cases, much consideration has been given to this subject. United States v. Cohen Grocery Co., 255 U.S. 81, 88; Wolff Co. v. Industrial Court, 262 U.S. 522, and 267 U.S. 552; Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 U.S. 510; Tyson & Bro. v. Banton, 273 U.S. 418; Fairmont Creamery Co. v. Minnesota, 274 U.S. 1; Ribnik v. McBride, 277 U.S. 350; Williams v. Standard Oil Co., 278 U.S. 235; Sterling v. Constantin, 287 U.S. 378. All stand in opposition to the views apparently approved below. [p548]
If validity of the enactment depends upon emergency, then, to sustain this conviction, we must be able to affirm that an adequate one has been shown by competent evidence of essential facts. The asserted right is federal. Such rights may demand, and often have received, affirmation and protection here. They do not vanish simply because the power of the State is arrayed against them. Nor are they enjoyed in subjection to mere legislative findings.
If she relied upon the existence of emergency, the burden was upon the State to establish it by competent evidence. None was presented at the trial. If necessary for appellant to show absence of the asserted conditions, the little grocer was helpless from the beginning -- the practical difficulties were too great for the average man.
What circumstances give force to an "emergency" statute? In how much of the State must they obtain? Everywhere, or will a single county suffice? How many farmers must have been impoverished or threatened violence to create a crisis of sufficient gravity? If, three days after this act became effective, another "very grievous murrain" had descended, and half of the cattle had died, would the emergency then have ended, also, the prescribed rates? If prices for agricultural products become high, can consumers claim a crisis exists, and demand that the Legislature fix less ones? Or are producers alone to be considered, consumers neglected? To these questions, we have no answers. When emergency gives potency, its subsidence must disempower; but no test for its presence or absence has been offered. How is an accused to know when some new rule of conduct arrived, when it will disappear?
It is argued that the report of the Legislative Committee, dated April 10th, 1933, disclosed the essential facts. May one be convicted of crime upon such findings? Are [p549] federal rights subject to extinction by reports of committees? Heretofore, they have not been.
Apparently the Legislature acted upon this report. Some excerpts from it follow. We have no basis for determining whether the findings of the committee or legislature are correct, or otherwise. The court below refrained from expressing any opinion in that regard, notwithstanding its declaration
that legislative authority to abridge property rights and freedom of contract can be justified only by exceptional circumstances and, even then, by reasonable regulation only, and that legislative conclusions based on findings of fact are subject to judicial review.
On the other hand it asserted -- "This court should consider only the legitimacy of the conclusions drawn from the facts found."
In New York, there are twelve million possible consumers of milk; 130,000 farms produce it. The average daily output approximates 9,500,000 quarts. For ten or fifteen years prior to 1929 or 1930, the per capita consumption steadily increased; so did the supply. "Realizing the marked improvement in milk quality, the public has tended to increase its consumption of this commodity." "In the past two years, the per capita consumption has fallen off, [possibly] 10 percent."
These marked changes in the trend of consumption of fluid milk and cream have occurred in spite of drastic reductions in retail prices. The obvious cause is the reduced buying power of consumers.
These cycles of overproduction and underproduction, which average about 15 years in length, are explained by the human tendency to raise too many heifers when prices of cows are high, and too few when prices of cows are low. A period of favorable prices for milk leads to the raising of more than the usual number of heifers, but it is not until seven or eight years later that the trend is reversed as a result of the falling prices [p550] of milk and cows.
"Farmers all over the world raise too many heifers whenever cows pay, and raise too few heifers when cows do not pay."
During the years 1925 to 1930, inclusive, the prices which the farmers of the state received for milk were favorable as compared with the wholesale prices of all commodities. They were even more favorable as compared with the prices received for other farm products, for, not only in New York, but throughout the United States, the general level of prices of farm products has been below that of other prices since the World War.
The comparatively favorable situation enjoyed by the milk producers had an abrupt ending in 1932. Even before that, in 1930 and 1931, milk prices dropped very rapidly.
The prices which farmers received for milk during 1932 were much below the costs of production. After other costs were paid, the producers had practically nothing left for their labor. The price received for milk in January, 1933, was little more than half the cost of production.
Since 1927, the number of dairy cows in the state has increased about 10 percent. The effect of this has been to increase the surplus of milk.
Similar increases in the number of cows have occurred generally in the United States, and are due to the periodic changes in number of heifer calves raised on the farms. Previous experience indicates that, unless some form of arbitrary regulation is applied, the production of milk will not be satisfactorily adjusted to the demand for a period of several years.
Close adjustment of the supply of fluid milk to the demand is further hindered by the periodic changes in the number of heifers raised for dairy cows.
The purpose of this emergency measure is to bring partial relief to dairymen from the disastrously low prices for milk which have prevailed in recent months. It is recognized that the dairy industry of the state cannot be [p551] placed upon a profitable basis without a decided rise in the general level of commodity prices.
Thus, we are told, the number of dairy cows had been increasing, and that favorable prices for milk bring more cows. For two years, notwithstanding low prices, the per capita consumption had been falling. "The obvious cause is the reduced buying power of consumers." Notwithstanding the low prices, farmers continued to produce a large surplus of wholesome milk for which there was no market. They had yielded to "the human tendency to raise too many heifers" when prices were high, and "not until seven or eight years" after 1930 could one reasonably expect a reverse trend. This failure of demand had nothing to do with the quality of the milk -- that was excellent. Consumers lacked funds with which to buy. In consequence, the farmers became impoverished, and their lands depreciated in value. Naturally, they became discontented.
The exigency is of the kind which inevitably arises when one set of men continue to produce more than all others can buy. The distressing result to the producer followed his ill-advised, but voluntary, efforts. Similar situations occur in almost every business. If here we have an emergency sufficient to empower the Legislature to fix sales prices, then, whenever there is too much or too little of an essential thing -- whether of milk or grain or pork or coal or shoes or clothes -- constitutional provisions may be declared inoperative, and the "anarchy and despotism" prefigured in Milligan's case are at the door. The futility of such legislation in the circumstances is pointed out below.
Block v. Hirsh, 256 U.S. 135 and Marcus Brown Holding Co. v. Feldman, 256 U.S. 170, are much relied on to support emergency legislation. They were civil proceedings; the first to recover a leased building in the District of [p552] Columbia; the second to gain possession of an apartment house in New York. The unusual conditions grew out of the World War. The questioned statutes made careful provision for protection of owners. These cases were analyzed, and their inapplicability to circumstances like the ones before us was pointed out, in Tyson & Bro. v. Banton, 273 U.S. 418. They involved peculiar facts, and must be strictly limited. Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon, 260 U.S. 393, 416, said of them --
The late decisions upon laws dealing with the congestion of Washington and New York, caused by the war, dealt with laws intended to meet a temporary emergency and providing for compensation determined to be reasonable by an impartial board. They went to the verge of the law, but fell far short of the present act.
Is the milk business so affected with public interest that the Legislature may prescribe prices for sales by stores? This Court has approved the contrary view; has emphatically declared that a State lacks power to fix prices in similar private businesses. United States v. Cohen Grocery Co., 255 U.S. 81; Adkins v. Children's Hospital, 261 U.S. 525; Wolff Packing Co. v. Industrial Court, 262 U.S. 522; Tyson & Bro. v. Banton, 273 U.S. 418; Fairmont Creamery Co. v. Minnesota, 274 U.S. l; Ribnik v. McBride, 277 U.S. 350; Williams v. Standard Oil Co., 278 U.S. 235; New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann, 285 U.S. 262; Sterling v. Constantin, 287 U.S. 378, 396.
Wolff Packing Co. v. Industrial Court, 262 U.S. 522, 537. -- Here, the State's statute undertook to destroy the freedom to contract by parties engaged in so-called "essential" industries. This Court held that she had no such power.
It has never been supposed, since the adoption of the Constitution, that the business of the butcher, or the baker, the tailor, the woodchopper, the [p553] mining operator or the miner was clothed with such a public interest that the price of his product or his wages could be fixed by State regulation. . . . An ordinary producer, manufacturer or shopkeeper may sell or not sell as he likes.
On a second appeal, 267 U.S. 552, 569, the same doctrine was restated:
The system of compulsory arbitration which the Act establishes is intended to compel, and, if sustained, will compel, the owner and employees to continue the business on terms which are not of their making. It will constrain them not merely to respect the terms if they continue the business, but will constrain them to continue the business on those terms. True, the terms have some qualifications, but, as shown in the prior decision, the qualifications are rather illusory, and do not subtract much from the duty imposed. Such a system infringes the liberty of contract and rights of property guaranteed by the due process of law clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
The established doctrine is that this liberty may not be interfered with, under the guise of protecting the public interest, by legislative action which is arbitrary or without reasonable relation to some purpose within the competency of the State to effect.
Fairmont Creamery Co. v. Minnesota, 274 U.S. 1, 9. -- A statute commanded buyers of cream to adhere to uniform prices fixed by a single transaction. --
May the State, in order to prevent some strong buyers of cream from doing things which may tend to monopoly, inhibit plaintiff in error from carrying on its business in the usual way, heretofore regarded as both moral and beneficial to the public and not shown now to be accompanied by evil results as ordinary incidents? Former decisions here require a negative answer. We think the inhibition of the statute has no reasonable relation to the anticipated evil -- high bidding by some with purpose to monopolize or destroy competition. Looking through form to substance, it clearly and unmistakably infringes private rights whose exercise [p554] does not ordinarily produce evil consequences, but the reverse.
Williams v. Standard Oil Co., 278 U.S. 235, 239. -- The State of Tennessee was declared without power to prescribe prices at which gasoline might be sold.
It is settled by recent decisions of this Court that a state legislature is without constitutional power to fix prices at which commodities may be sold, services rendered, or property used unless the business or property involved is "affected with a public interest."
Considered affirmatively,
it means that a business or property, in order to be affected with a public interest, must be such or be so employed as to justify the conclusion that it has been devoted to a public use, and its use thereby, in effect, granted to the public. . . . Negatively, it does not mean that a business is affected with a public interest merely because it is large, or because the public are warranted in having a feeling of concern in respect of its maintenance.
New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann, 285 U.S. 262, 277. -- Here, Oklahoma undertook the control of the business of manufacturing and selling ice. We denied the power so to do.
It is a business as essentially private in its nature as the business of the grocer, the dairyman, the butcher, the baker, the shoemaker, or the tailor, . . . And this court has definitely said that the production or sale of food or clothing cannot be subjected to legislative regulation on the basis of a public use.
Regulation to prevent recognized evils in business has long been upheld as permissible legislative action. But fixation of the price at which "A" engaged in an ordinary business, may sell in order to enable "B," a producer, to improve his condition has not been regarded as within legislative power. This is not regulation, but management, control, dictation -- it amounts to the deprivation [p555] of the fundamental right which one has to conduct his own affairs honestly, and along customary lines. The argument advanced here would support general prescription of prices for farm products, groceries, shoes, clothing, all the necessities of modern civilization, as well as labor, when some legislature finds and declares such action advisable, and for the public good. This Court has declared that a State may not, by legislative fiat, convert a private business into a public utility. Michigan Comm'n v. Duke, 266 U.S. 570, 577. Frost Trucking Co. v. Railroad Comm'n, 271 U.S. 583, 592. Smith v. Cahoon, 283 U.S. 553, 563. And if it be now ruled that one dedicates his property to public use whenever he embarks on an enterprise which the Legislature may think it desirable to bring under control, this is but to declare that rights guaranteed by the Constitution exist only so long as supposed public interest does not require their extinction. To adopt such a view, of course, would put an end to liberty under the Constitution.
Munn v. Illinois (1877), 94 U.S. 113, has been much discussed in the opinions referred to above. And always the conclusion was that nothing there sustains the notion that the ordinary business of dealing in commodities is charged with a public interest and subject to legislative control. The contrary has been distinctly announced. To undertake now to attribute a repudiated implication to that opinion is to affirm that it means what this Court has declared again and again was not intended. The painstaking effort there to point out that certain businesses like ferries, mills, &c. were subject to legislative control at common law, and then to show that warehousing at Chicago occupied like relation to the public, would have been pointless if "affected with a public interest" only means that the public has serious concern about the perpetuity and success of the undertaking. That is true of almost all ordinary business affairs. Nothing in the [p556] opinion lends support, directly or otherwise, to the notion that, in times of peace, a legislature may fix the price of ordinary commodities -- grain, meat, milk, cotton, &c.
Of the assailed statute, the Court of Appeals says --
It first declares that milk has been selling too cheaply in the State of New York, and has thus created a temporary emergency; this emergency is remedied by making the sale of milk at a low price a crime; the question of what is a low price is determined by the majority vote of three officials.
Also -- "With the wisdom of the legislation we have naught to do. It may be vain to hope by laws to oppose the general course of trade." Maybe, because of this conclusion, it said nothing concerning the possibility of obtaining increase of prices to producers -- the thing definitely aimed at -- through the means adopted.
But, plainly, I think, this Court must have regard to the wisdom of the enactment. At least we must inquire concerning its purpose, and decide whether the means proposed have reasonable relation to something within legislative power -- whether the end is legitimate, and the means appropriate. If a statute to prevent conflagrations should require householders to pour oil on their roofs as a means of curbing the spread of fire when discovered in the neighborhood, we could hardly uphold it. Here, we find direct interference with guaranteed rights defended upon the ground that the purpose was to promote the public welfare by increasing milk prices at the farm. Unless we can affirm that the end proposed is proper, and the means adopted have reasonable relation to it, this action is unjustifiable.
The court below has not definitely affirmed this necessary relation; it has not attempted to indicate how higher charges at stores to impoverished customers when the output [p557] is excessive and sale prices by producers are unrestrained, can possibly increase receipts at the farm. The Legislative Committee pointed out as the obvious cause of decreased consumption, notwithstanding low prices, the consumers' reduced buying power. Higher store prices will not enlarge this power, nor will they decrease production. Low prices will bring less cows only after several years. The prime causes of the difficulties will remain. Nothing indicates early decreased output. Demand at low prices being wholly insufficient, the proposed plan is to raise and fix higher minimum prices at stores, and thereby aid the producer whose output and prices remain unrestrained! It is not true, as stated, that "the State seeks to protect the producer by fixing a minimum price for his milk." She carefully refrained from doing this, but did undertake to fix the price after the milk had passed to other owners. Assuming that the views and facts reported by the Legislative Committee are correct, it appears to me wholly unreasonable to expect this legislation to accomplish the proposed end -- increase of prices at the farm. We deal only with Order No. 5, as did the court below. It is not merely unwise; it is arbitrary and unduly oppressive. Better prices may follow, but it is beyond reason to expect them as the consequent of that order. The Legislative Committee reported --
It is recognized that the dairy industry of the State cannot be placed upon a profitable basis without a decided rise in the general level of commodity prices.
Not only does the statute interfere arbitrarily with the rights of the little grocer to conduct his business according to standards long accepted -- complete destruction may follow; but it takes away the liberty of twelve million consumers to buy a necessity of life in an open market. It imposes direct and arbitrary burdens upon those already seriously impoverished with the alleged immediate design of affording special benefits to others. To him [p558] with less than nine cents it says -- You cannot procure a quart of milk from the grocer although he is anxious to accept what you can pay and the demands of your household are urgent! A superabundance, but no child can purchase from a willing storekeeper below the figure appointed by three men at headquarters! And this is true although the storekeeper himself may have bought from a willing producer at half that rate, and must sell quickly or lose his stock through deterioration. The fanciful scheme is to protect the farmer against undue exactions by prescribing the price at which milk disposed of by him at will may be resold!
The statement by the court below that --
Doubtless the statute before us would be condemned by an earlier generation as a temerarious interference with the rights of property and contract . . . ; with the natural law of supply and demand,
is obviously correct. But another, that
statutes aiming to stimulate the production of a vital food product by fixing living standards of prices for the producer are to be interpreted with that degree of liberality which is essential to the attainment of the end in view
conflicts with views of Constitutional rights accepted since the beginning. An end, although apparently desirable, cannot justify inhibited means. Moreover the challenged act was not designed to stimulate production -- there was too much milk for the demand, and no prospect of less for several years; also, "standards of prices" at which the producer might sell were not prescribed. The Legislature cannot lawfully destroy guaranteed rights of one man with the prime purpose of enriching another, even if, for the moment, this may seem advantageous to the public. And the adoption of any "concept of jurisprudence" which permits facile disregard of the Constitution, as long interpreted and respected, will inevitably lead to its destruction. Then, all rights will be subject [p559] to the caprice of the hour; government by stable laws will pass.
The somewhat misty suggestion below, that condemnation of the challenged legislation would amount to holding "that the due process clause has left milk producers unprotected from oppression," I assume, was not intended as a material contribution to the discussion upon the merits of the cause. Grave concern for embarrassed farmers is everywhere, but this should neither obscure the rights of others nor obstruct judicial appraisement of measures proposed for relief. The ultimate welfare of the producer, like that of every other class, requires dominance of the Constitution. And zealously to uphold this in all its parts is the highest duty intrusted to the courts.
The judgment of the court below should be reversed.
MR. JUSTICE VAN DEVANTER, MR. JUSTICE SUTHERLAND, and MR. JUSTICE BUTLER authorize me to say that they concur in this opinion.
* Official Order No. 5, effective April 17, 1933.
Ordered that, until further notice and subject to the exceptions hereinafter made, the following shall be the minimum prices to be charged for all milk and cream in any and all cities and villages of the State of New York of more than One Thousand (1,000) population, exclusive of New York City and the Counties of Westchester, Nassau and Suffolk:
Milk -- Quarts in bottles: By milk dealers to consumers 10 cents; by milk dealers to stores 8 cents; by stores to consumers 9 cents.
Pints in bottles: By milk dealers to consumers 6 cents; by milk dealers to stores 5 cents; by stores to consumers 6 cents. . . .
The Control Act declares:
"Milk dealer" means any person who purchases or handles milk within the state, for sale in this state, or sells milk within the state except when consumed on the premises where sold. Each corporation which if a natural person would be a milk dealer within the meaning of this article, and any subsidiary of such corporation, shall be deemed a milk dealer within the meaning of this definition. A producer who delivers milk only to a milk dealer shall not be deemed a milk dealer.
"Producer" means a person producing milk within the State of New York.
"Store" means a grocery store, hotel, restaurant, soda fountain, dairy products store and similar mercantile establishment.
"Consumer" means any person, other than a milk dealer, who purchases milk for fluid consumption.
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The IBA and lawyers
By Jonathan Goldsmith2016-05-23T11:31:00+01:00
We should pay more attention to the International Bar Association. Directly and indirectly, its work affects what we do.
The International Bar Association (IBA) is about to hold one of its twice-yearly meetings, where members of its council and committees get together to hammer out policy issues. This will be its mid-year meeting, held this week in Barcelona, in conjunction with its annual bar leaders meeting.
Not enough is written about the internal workings of the IBA, in fact practically nothing so far as I can see, which means that lawyers must rely on the IBA’s own press releases and website for news about the organisation. I am involved in several of its committees, and know some of its staff and officers.
I greatly benefit from the global network it offers, and the intellectual stimulation of its work. That makes honest commentary difficult, since I continue working with pleasure inside the organisation. But if I compare the relatively close coverage given, for instance, to the Law Society and the Solicitors Regulation Authority by the UK legal press, to what is written about the IBA, the gap is huge.
There are reasons for that: as we see with the EU referendum debate, people largely have loyalty to, and interest in, national institutions, and not supra-national ones, which seem remote; the Law Society and SRA govern us directly, whereas the IBA has no regulatory power, and only the broadest mandate for representation.
And yet we should pay it more attention. I shall take the forthcoming Barcelona meeting as an example. One of the committees of which I am a member deals with trade in legal services across borders, and tries to come up with common global positions. It has already produced a range of resolutions used by the World Trade Organization in its own work to promote free trade.
This time, the committee will be looking at: association (how domestic lawyers and foreign lawyers can co-operate through employment, partnership, referrals, networks and more); investor-state dispute settlement, as well as updates on large trade negotiations taking place globally; and projects that the committee can undertake to assist developing bars facing the stresses of globalisation.
These are significant and substantive issues for the legal profession, and the IBA is to be commended for encouraging such a committee. But here we come to one of the facts of IBA life. This work is undertaken by voluntary effort. The committee is helped by no IBA staff. I have to pay to attend the meeting (and I am not backed by a law firm, since I work for myself), and so I pay to contribute to the IBA’s policies.
This might be thought noble and worthy – until one learns that the IBA is sitting on reserves of many millions of pounds, and that those reserves increase after each conference because of the payments made by people like me. I work and I pay, and the IBA grows richer.
The solution is not to pay me. But the IBA could invest in staff with the expertise to help the volunteers (since if volunteers stop working, as happens, the work grinds to a halt). And the IBA could also consider a fee structure where people contributing to its work product pay a lower rate for conferences where the work takes place, compared to those who attend to consume the work product.
The IBA council is also meeting in Barcelona. Most of the agenda is taken up with reports or internal matters regarding the running of the IBA. There is one public policy position offered for a vote. (Side comment: I find that a disproportionately low ratio of the agenda for public policy positions, and it is not uncommon for IBA council meetings.) The public policy issue in question is a practical guide for lawyers on business and human rights. I have written about this recently, and it is again a significant and substantive matter for the legal profession.
There are many controversial questions which arise out of this practical guide, but I shall here raise just one consistent with the other comments in this article, relating to the IBA as a regulator. As stated, the IBA is not a regulator. It does not have the staff or expertise to become one, never mind the mandate.
Yet this practical guide sets standards for lawyers’ behaviour in an area likely to be beset more and more by multi-million-pound litigation. I am in favour of the IBA issuing guidelines, and have contributed to the drafting of several. But those were not likely to be used against lawyers by setting standards of care for their behaviour in a controversial area like business and human rights. Should the IBA be doing this?
That is why we should pay more attention. Directly and indirectly, the IBA’s work affects what we do.
Jonathan Goldsmith is a consultant and former secretary-general at the Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe, which represents around a million European lawyers through its member bars and law societies. He blogs weekly for the Gazette on European affairs
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International cooperation on cybercrime: lawyers beware
Pre-existing citizens’ safeguards should not be thrown out to make room for new laws.
Principles and the European arrest warrant
Welcome intervention by CJEU or another example of EU over-reach?
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III. THE USERS OF CHEQUE CASHING SERVICES
Home/Our Current Projects/Fees for Cashing Government Cheques/III. THE USERS OF CHEQUE CASHING SERVICES
III. THE USERS OF CHEQUE CASHING SERVICESarodrigues2017-03-03T18:33:22+00:00
Most research on the extent and nature of usage of the AFS sector tends to conflate users of cheque cashing and payday loans services, although there may well be significant differences between users of these two services. Use of cheque cashing services is not widespread, but appears to be more common among low-income persons. A survey prepared for the Financial Consumer Agency of Canada (FCAC) in December 2006 indicated that seven per cent, or approximately 1.5 million Canadians had used a cheque cashing service within the previous year.[6] By contrast, a 1999 survey in the Jane/Finch area of Toronto indicated that 26 per cent of those surveyed had used a cheque cashing service.[7]
Two recent surveys examining the characteristics of persons using the services of cheque cashing/payday loans businesses had somewhat different results. In 2005, the FCAC conducted survey research through Ipsos-Reid on Canadians’ experiences with, and motivations for, using cheque cashing/payday loan services. The FCAC Ipsos-Reid survey indicated that persons using cheque cashing services were more likely to be men, relatively young (between the ages of 18 and 34), reside in urban areas, have a household income of less than $30,000 per year, and interestingly, have some post-secondary education.[8] An Environics survey conducted for the CPLA indicated that users of the services provided by these businesses are somewhat more likely to be single (35 per cent as opposed to 25 per cent of the general population), have dependent children (47 per cent as opposed to 32 per cent of the general population), and have a lower income (49 per cent of customers had a household income of less than $35,000 per year, as opposed to 27 per cent of the Canadian population). This survey did not find any significant difference based on gender, and found that users had an average age of 39 years.[9]
No information was gathered as to whether persons using these services are more or less likely to be racialized, newcomers, Aboriginal persons, older persons, persons with disabilities, or lone parents. However, given that families that are lone-parent, racialized, newcomer, Aboriginal, or include persons with disabilities are disproportionately likely to be low-income, persons with these characteristics may be more likely to be users of cheque cashing/payday loan businesses.
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In the Cinéma Club of Sean Price Williams
Sean Price Williams is an American cinematographer and a constant figure in New York’s independent cinema in recent years. He is one of the cinematographers of the new generation who will always choose film over digital if the choice is given to him. His contributions to the beautiful looks of films by some of the most interesting new directors working in the city are remarkable. Sean’s recent credits include Josh & Benny Safdie’s Heaven Knows What (2014) and Good Time (2017), all of Alex Ross Perry’s films (Impolex, Listen Up Philip, Queen of Earth and Golden Exits), Albert Maysles’ last documentary Iris (2014), Robert Greene’s Kate Plays Christine (2016) and Nathan Silver’s Thirst Street (2017).
This great cinephile sent us a list of five films that inspired a movie on the beach. Le Cinéma Club presented his unseen film Sean’s Beach, a short shot on 16 mm in 2004.
GRADUATE FIRST, Maurice Pialat, 1978
Pialat's liberated play with time is perfectly suited to the disrespect that youth shows to the passage of time. I am still adolescent in my refusal to recognize that time flies.
SUMMER LOVERS, Randal Kleiser, 1982
The summer I wish I could have ever had and never will. The completely predictable heartbreak in the film is the only element of relatability.
THE SHARK HUNTER, Enzo G. Castellari, 1979
The appearance of the sea knight in my beach movie was partly styled on Franco Nero in this film that is mostly forgettable. A heroic performance by Nero shows no end of energy and commitment. The only way I have seen the film is on VHS which, when transferred from the film to the video source, is out of order. Two reels were switched. A character comes back from the dead! Amazing.
JOURNEY BENEATH THE DESERT; Edgar G. Ulmer, Frank Borzage, Giuseppe Masini; 1961
A very boring film. I have always had a pulsing interest in Atlantis and all interpretations. This film decided that Atlantis is in some caves under the desert. Such a deliberate betrayal to any imagination of the myth is of course inspirational.
IMMORAL TALES, Walerian Borowczyk, 1973
The bible for visual storytelling for me. The first sketch freely jumps between points of view that forfeits logic for movement. Allows the viewer the perfect opportunity to entirely inhabit the role of voyeur. Content plays just for our most prurient sensors.
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“Man, I’ll say, ‘50-plus to 10-minus,” Fitzpatrick said. “Man, we would have whooped up on them boys. It wouldn’t have been close.”
The Knights finished the regular season 13-0 but were left on the outside looking in with the College Football Playoff. Instead of having a shot at the national championship, UCF instead ended the year with a victory over Auburn in the Chick-fil-A Peach Bowl.
UCF finished the year ranked No. 6 in the final AP Poll, with four voters slotting them at No. 1.
Despite UCF’s exclusion from the playoff, head coach Scott Frost and many others claimed the Knights were the true national champions since they finished the year undefeated, unlike Alabama. The Knights added a championship banner to their practice field, and the Florida house passed a bill to approve a UCF “National Champions” license plate.
For his part, Fitzpatrick had 60 tackles with one interception in his junior season. Alabama went 13-1 and capped off the season with an overtime win against Georgia in the College Football Playoff National Championship Game.
Fitzpatrick is now preparing for the NFL Draft, which begins on April 26.
5 things to know for the college football national championship between Georgia and Alabama
Minkah Fitzpatrick on leading Alabama's defense
After a life and career of ups and down, basketball star running local camp
Letters to the Editor for Sunday, July 14, 2019
Quarterback battle the primary topic of discussion for Alabama at SEC Media Days
By Jordan D. Hill
The topic of Alabama quarterback Jalen Hurts versus Tua Tagovailoa has been present throughout the offseason, and SEC Media Days on Wednesday was the chance for media to ask Alabama team members about it.
MORE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA
Alabama coach Nick Saban wants to see this change to the Crimson Tide’s schedule
Justyn Ross’ mother had a visitor at work. It was Nick Saban
Alabama head coach Nick Saban makes his rounds through Chattahoochee Valley
‘Deal Was If We Won ... The Locs Had To Come Off.’ Alabama quarterback has new look
Mekhi Brown breaks silence on his departure from Alabama
Report: Carver alum Mekhi Brown transfers from Alabama
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Legal March Madness Betting
You may be wondering where you can find legal March Madness betting. The tournament is one of the most popularized sporting events in the country with an estimated $10 billion bet on the NCAA Tournament each year. This includes entertaining the idea of filling out a perfect bracket, joining an office pool, and the standard run of the mill single-game wagering options. Fans get excited in hopes of filling out the perfect bracket, which used to have a billion-dollar payout from Warren Buffet, but the odds are estimated to be 1 in over 9 quintillions.
Tournament Structure
The tournament consists of 68 teams and 67 games – all played within 19 days. There is no other sporting event that holds this much excitement in such a short period of time. College teams enter the tournament from all around the country, which increases its popularity in fans of all ages. It is estimated that double-digit millions of Americans participate in some form of March Madness betting every year; however, most are not aware of all of their options for legal sports betting, as only 3% wager with a legal and regulated sportsbook inside the country.
Is it Legal To Bet On March Madness?
There are many options when looking where to legally bet on the March Madness Tournament. Las Vegas is the popular option as this has been the focal point for sports gambling for years. However, the federal government determined that PASPA, the law which made sports betting illegal, was unconstitutional and has allowed for states to determine their own legality. There are currently 12 states that have legalized sports betting, including Washington D.C. Offshore operators provide any type of wager you are looking for and most even offer better odds than any US land-based sportsbook. These are legal to use for all gamblers – just be sure to stick with a licensed operator who is located offshore. Additionally, you can visit one of the other eight states that offer legal March Madness betting. Although there are 12 states that has legalized sports betting, only eight states will have sportsbooks ready for March Madness.
States With Legal March Madness Betting
The list is short due to there being less than a year from the appeal of PASPA to the start of the first NCAA Tournament; however, you can legally wager on college basketball in Nevada, New Jersey, Delaware, Rhode Island, West Virginia, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, and New Mexico. These states have a legal and state-regulated industry that offer March Madness betting options. It is important to understand that three of these states (New Jersey, Delaware, and Rhode Island) have rules against wagering on collegiate basketball teams that are in their states. This means that even if a tournament game is played in a different state that if a college program from their state is playing, all bets are off. Offshore operators do not have any betting restrictions on this matter.
Are March Madness Brackets Legal?
March Madness brackets or office pools are in a gray area when it comes to legality. Most states determine social gambling to be a prohibited form of gambling; however, there have not been any arrests or convictions towards somebody running an office pool. This is generally accepted by every state as popular websites offer paid and unpaid entries into a bracket pool. This includes tournaments where prizes or no prizes are won and brackets are available for download all over the internet. Just be sure to get your picks in after Selection Sunday and before the “first four” play in games.
Legal March Madness Wager Types
Before you overwhelm yourself and worry just about brackets, you should also understand your wagering options for legal March Madness betting. The single-elimination tournament is known for the Cinderella story of a team who went further than anticipated, the top dog who gets booted too early, and the streaking team who can’t seem to lose. Furthermore, all of these can be gambled upon – it is just a matter of which style of betting you will participate in.
Betting On The Point Spread
Every game has a spread, which is the difference in points that a team is being favored by. The favorite will have a minus symbol (-) before the number, while the underdog will have a plus symbol (+). Think of this as a starting point for the favorite or a boost to the underdog. Take this example:
Duke – 3
Tennessee +3
This signals that Duke is projected to win by three points according to oddsmakers and must win by 4 to cover the spread. Additionally, Tennessee is signaled to lose by three points and must win the game or lose by 1 or 2 points only. If the game ended as a three point victory for Duke then this would be considered a “push”. In that case, all bets would be void and your wager would be returned – this is why most of the betting lines are in increments of half points (-2.5).
Taking Action On The Moneyline
If you are more confident of who will win the game rather than how much they will win by, consider betting the moneyline wager. Teams who are favorited more will have a lesser payout and similarly, teams who are heavy underdogs will have substantial payouts. In the same Duke and Tennessee scenario, the odds would be close -150 for Duke and +125 for Tennessee. The minus and plus symbol still indicate the favorite and underdog, respectively, but now indicate the ratio for being paid out. Duke’s line of -150 indicates you would need to wager $150 for every $100 you want to profit. Likewise, a bet on Tennessee’s line (+125) means you would profit $125 for every $100 wagered. It is important to understand that this is just a ratio and you can bet as little or as much as your local or offshore sportsbook will allow.
Total Points Betting Options
Many times for basketball, the spreads can be difficult to determine because of last-second points. Likewise, game-winning shots can change the result in the last second. The speed of the game is another option you have when looking to legally bet on the NCAA Tournament by betting on the total points scored. Some basketball teams like to slow the pace and play every possession to the extent of the shot clock while others like to get a shot off as quick as possible. These styles of play make it easier to win money betting and determine trends in total points scored. For example, the University of Virginia has been known for slowing the pace down and holding teams to their lowest point production. In their games, the over/under may be a lower number than you see across the betting line board but it is up to you to determine the total points scored.
NCAA Tournament Futures Bets
Sometimes picking a team to win the game or to score a certain amount of points can be difficult. However, other options are available to wager on and these are future bets. These types of bets can be placed at any point before the tournament begins and include the option like which team will win the tournament. Because these bets are made in advance and give you no ability to alter them once submitted, they are often higher payouts. A notable situation where people were happy they bet on the NCAA Tournament in advance was twice for the University of Connecticut. In both 2010-11 and 2013-14, they were overlooked and posted preseason betting lines of +4000 and +6500, respectively, to win hoist the trophy at the end of the season. Even before February 1st in the 2013-14 season, UCONN was given +10000 odds, where people who took the action cashed in a payday of 100x their initial bet. The top ten odds to win the 2019 Men’s NCAA Tournament are:
Duke: +170
Tennessee: +750
Virginia: +800
Kentucky: +850
Michigan: +850
Gonzaga: +900
Michigan State: +1100
Kansas: +100
Nevada: +2000
North Carolina: +2400
Where To Gamble On March Madness
There are 12 sportsbooks in New Jersey with the majority of them being focused around Atlantic City. Whether you are on the boardwalk or further from the water, there are many betting options provided for the tournament. Away from AC is Monmouth Park which was the first New Jersey sportsbook to open. There is also the ability to enter into any of the 11 online sportsbooks that are offered by the New Jersey casinos, the most popular being the DraftKings and FanDuel Sportsbooks, who both offer sign-up bonuses. These have some restrictions, as you must be located within New Jersey state lines for you to place a wager. Also, per state law, anytime a New Jersey team plays a game, there will be no betting lines offered on that game.
Considered the Mecca of gambling in the country, there are dozens upon dozens of options for betting on March Madness here. Check out the Westgate which offers some of the best betting lines out there and even has a separate window just for high rollers. There are many other options such as the Station Casinos who are hosts to seven different sportsbooks. Nearly all of the operators in Nevada have an online platform but will require you to be within state lines to place a bet. Any odds you are looking for can be found here as they will allow you to take action on nearly any aspect of the game and provide some of the best sportsbook lounges in the world.
With the most sportsbook in the state behind New Jersey and Nevada, Mississippi boasts gambling all throughout their state. Whether you are on the Gulf near Biloxi, along the Mississippi River near Tunica or in the middle of the state near Pear River, there is always a place looking to take your action. Playing the odds at these casinos allow for a wonderful experience as they all have sportsbook lounges that you can enjoy watching the tournament games as well as placing bets. The state does allow for mobile betting but you are required to be on the casino grounds when placing your bet. The Beau Rivage and Gold Strike were the first two open sportsbooks in the state but Mississippi has nearly two dozen sportsbooks to choose from.
Pennsylvania has over a dozen options when it comes to playing the odds on March Madness. The NCAA Tournament is designed to be thrilling and keeping you entertained throughout and the sportsbooks in PA will do just this as well. There has been a discussion about opening a mobile platform before the NCAA Tournament but it seems unlikely this will be in operation in time. Check out the Hollywood Casino or Parx Casino who seem to be leading the pack in Pennsylvania. Philadelphia is becoming a haven for sportsbooks but look into Rivers Casino in Pittsburgh as well.
You may not know this but Delaware has had legal sports betting for longer than the majority of states in the country. They used to offer a parlay wagering style that never took off but their regulations stayed put in the state lawbook. March Madness betting in Delaware is available in three different locations: Dover Downs, Harrington Raceway, or Delaware Park. College restrictions apply in this state as well so any Delaware team that makes the tournament will not be on an odds board in the three sportsbooks. There is no mobile platform operated by the state so anyone who lives south of Harrington and Milford would need to take the trip up to Kent County. Meanwhile, those in the Wilmington area have the option of staying in Delaware to bet on the tournament or taking the trip east into Atlantic City for the ability to enjoy a sportsbook lounge.
The options for Rhode Island aren’t as numerous as the other states; however, betting on March Madness in Rhode Island is just as fun and legal. The Twin River Casinos are the only two sportsbooks that are in operating in the state. One is in Lincoln while the other is located in Tiverton. Gamblers who are under 21 are given a luxury here as the Rhode Island betting age is only set at 18. Be aware that they have passed similar rules to New Jersey, where you can not bet on a local college team, even if the game is played outside of the state. No mobile betting options exist but any distance to one of these casinos is never far when you live in Rhode Island.
One of the most laid back states when it comes to legal sports betting is West Virginia. There are no restrictions on college sports betting and they even offer a mobile betting platform. You must be within state lines to submit any action; moreover, you can visit any of the racetracks or casinos that offer sports betting on the NCAA Tournament. Hollywood Casino at Charles Town is likely the most popular book in town but FanDuel Sportsbook at The Greenbrier has been making headlines. FanDuel accepts many deposit and withdrawal methods and even has betting lines on next years tournament already. Like we said, there is no shortage when it comes to betting options in West Virginia.
New Mexico is an interesting situation because they have not technically legalized sports betting in the state, but one casino still offers it. The Santa Ana Star, located just outside of Albuquerque, believed they had the right to offer this gaming style according to their compact with the state – even better, the state never fought back. This is the only casino that offers bets on March Madness but thankfully is centrally located in New Mexico. The sportsbook lounge in Santa Ana Star will provide a comfortable atmosphere for watching the games as well as answer any questions you may have about the venue or sports betting in general.
Legal March Madness Betting FAQs
Do Offshore Sportsbook Offer Any Bonuses?
Yes. Every site has its own bonuses and promotions for new and returning members. Most offer a welcoming bonus where they will match anywhere from 50-100% of your first deposit while others have reward programs where you can move the betting lines or have every deposit matched. Spend some time reviewing each licensed offshore sportsbook’s offers as one of them is bound to stand out as the best for your circumstances.
Are There Mobile Options For Betting On The Tournament?
Offshore sportsbooks provide betting lines on the tournament and offer mobile betting that is accessible from anywhere. States like Nevada, New Jersey, and West Virginia also have state-run platforms that will allow you to play the odds; however, they require that you are located within state lines to place these bets. Additionally, Mississippi has limits on how far you can be from the physical sportsbook location and most are so strict that they won’t even let you wager from the parking lot. Therefore, offshore sportsbooks provide the most options for mobile betting as there are no restrictions for legal March Madness betting.
What Is Live In-Play Betting?
Live in-play betting was considered for extreme gamblers but now is much more commonplace in the legal sports betting world we live in today. This style of betting allows you to play the odds after the game has started. Betting lines and odds changes drastically so you must be quick with your choices but this allows you to stay even more focused on a game regardless of the outcome.
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LOON RACE TEAM STAFF 2018/2019 SEASON
We are very fortunate to have such a diverse and well rounded group of individuals committed to working with the athletes of LRT. Though they all come from different back grounds and experiences in life, they share a common passion for the sport and its healthy lifestyle. The number one goal each of our coaches shares is to help all of our athletes achieve their very best every day. Take a look at the bios and get to know the folks behind the goggles!
Trevor Hamilton Program Director/Head U16 Coach. Level 300 Certified
Trevor grew up skiing at Cannon and raced as an athlete of the Franconia Ski Club. After graduating from the University of NH (B.S. Cum Laude) a "few" years ago he came back to the North County to spend a winter skiing before he got a "real" job...that one winter has turned into a lifetime in the mountains, with no regrets. His coaching career started at Cannon as a coach for FSC. After five years of coaching he was named the Program Director, a role he held for a decade. All along he continued to coach, working with athletes from from J5(U12)at local races to JII(U18)at National Championships. Trevor is a USSA Level 300 Certified coach, has attended the National Coaches Academy at Mammoth, California and is also a USSA Level 3 Chief of Course, Alpine Official and Referee. In 2006 Trevor was selected as Eastern Staff to the Whistler Cup National Development System project where one of his athletes was competing. He was honored to be selected by U.S. Team Staff as course setter for the K2 GS in that event where the U.S. Team got second place after Norway in the Nations Cup. Trevor has coordinated many summer ski camps at Mt. Hood, Oregon and has coached at fall camps in Copper, Colorado. He is very proud of all of the accomplishments earned by athletes he has coached over the years, including but not limited to: Macomber Cup individual and team titles, Lafoley Spring Series champion, multiple JIII Junior Olympic podiums in all three disciplines, JIII Regional & State series titles, 2 NHARA BWL Championships, 2015 NHARA U12 Slalom Champion, 2017 U14 State SL Champion, 5 athletes to Whistler Cup(earning 3 medals!), 3 athletes to Topolino Winter Games in Italy, 7 athletes to Eastern U14 Championships, 2 athletes to U14 Can/Am event, 2 athletes named to U.S. Nationals and several to National Development System Camps in the U.S. and Austria. More importantly, however, is the true connection he makes with all of his athletes. A connection that helps them all reach their absolute best both in skiing and in life. Trevor lives in Franconia with his wife Sandy who works at Garnet Hill as Director of Planning for Merchandise and their two children Libby(LRT Rut Rider coach), and Connor who is a LRT athlete.
Trevor Hamilton
Aaron Loukes Assistant Program Director/ Head U12 Coach. Level 300 Certified
Aaron Loukes
Aaron Loukes: Aaron grew up ski racing at Mt. Mansfield Ski Club in Stowe, VT and raced for Plymouth State College. He raced in the national championship races all four years. Aaron is a former winner of the Governors Cup race held each year in March and has a passion for ski racing, coaching and teaching. He is currently the head coach of the Lin-Wood Middle and High School Teams, whose teams have won several state championships over the years. He also directs a mid-week youth program called Kanc Carvers for athletes 3rd-5th grade. He has coached ski racing to athletes from U8 -U21 and brings a great deal of teaching / athletic adminstration experience to the program. He has a Masters in Athletic Adminstration and he has spent 3 years as a high school athletic director. Aaron coached varsity baseball for 14 years and was named New Hampshire Baseball Coaches Association "Class S Coach of the Year in 2006" He is currently a K-12 Physical Education teacher at Lin-Wood Public Schools. He is a member of the NH Interscholastic Athletic Association Ski Committee and is board member of NHARA. Aaron traveled to Mammoth Mtn. in 2012 to attend the National Coaches Academy and received his USSA Level 300 Certification as an Alpine Coach. His interests are skiing, running, baseball and spending time with his wife Kristin and kids Chloe, Lucy and Charlie.
Alpine Race Director
Mike Cosman: Mike has been an LRT staple for over a decade and is one of the more familiar faces throughout the NHARA community. Mike leads the LRT Race Department and in this role has responsibility for all of the NHARA, USSA and FIS sponsored events that are held each year at Loon Mountain. Mike is a Level 3 USSA Technical Delegate and a Level 2 Referee among many other official certifications. Mike and his wife Meg raised two ski racing daughters and both are still involved with the program. Mike and his family live in Sharon, MA.
Mike Cosman
Catherine Regan Head Coach, RUT RIDERS. Level 100 Certified
Catherine has been skiing at Loon Mountain since she was only 2 years old. She joined The Loon Race Team as a Rut Rider at age 6. Her dad, Mike, was a coach for over 10 years at Loon and was known for not only his ski ability but also his tremendous passion for the sport as a part of an active and healthy lifestyle, which has surely impacted her philosophy as a coach. After leaving LRT to go to college out west, she found a love for backcountry skiing and obtained her A.I.A.R.E. Avalanche Level 1 and 2 certifications. She also carries a PSIA Level I certification and USSA Level 100. When Catherine came back from out West, she started working as the supervisor of the Scouts seasonal program at Loon. Catherine is now a Nursing major at Northeastern University. When she is not at school or skiing at Loon, she works in the Surgical ICU at Massachusetts General Hospital. With a passion for the sport of skiing and the LRT program, Catherine is very excited to be following in her dad’s footsteps and returning as a coach to LRT!
Steve Gaebel, Rut Riders
Steve grew up skiing and racing at Nashoba Valley. After taking time off in High School and College to concentrate on Cross Country and Track & Field he reignited his passion for skiing by taking weekend trips to Loon and Sunday River.
Most recently he coached the U8 team at Nashoba Valley to the league championship and can’t wait to join the Rut Rider coaching staff at LRT. He is looking forward to working with the kids and believes the most important thing is to have fun and help them to become life long skiers.
Libby Hamilton, Rut Riders
Libby has grown up in the sport of skiing, taking her first runs at the age of 2. She's been directly involved with ski racing since she was six, having been an athlete at the Franconia Ski Club and the Loon Race Team where she qualified for the NHARA U12/U14 Championships and raced at the U16 State Championships both years. As a member of the highly successful Profile Patriots Alpine Ski Team, she started at the Varsity level in 7th grade. Her ski racing experience has taken her to Copper Colorado as well as Mt Hood Oregon as well as all over New England. This is her second year with LRT and she is looking forward to helping the next generation of LRT rippers become the best they can be this winter.
OLIVIA ECONOMIDES, RUT RIDERS
Olivia is a lifelong skier who trained as an athlete at the Franconia Ski Club. in High School Olivia raced for both the Newfound High School ski team and the State Champion Profile High School ski team. She also played soccer, lacrosse and volleyball. Recently; she has Worked at Loon for Ski School and in the Adventure Center with children ages 7-14. She’s very familiar with the mountain and enjoys sharing her passion for the sport with the next generation. Olivia Is a student at Plymouth State University who Studies Biology/ Pre Med. This summer she did cancer research at Dartmouth College as part of their summer studies program. She’s actively involved with the University, serving as the secretary of the student senate and She’s also the Vice President of her class and volunteers to run the food pantry and organize various student events on campus. She’s looking forward to being a part of the Loon Race Team family!
ISA MILLER, RUT RIDERS
Isa’s love of skiing began with waddling around in ski boots as soon as she learned to walk and she was on snow by her first birthday. Around 7 years old she was enjoying all aspects of skiing including participating in development programs, school races, exploring the back-country, and even some Nordic. Skiing was an important part of her life growing up. Through middle school and high school skiing took up most of the time she could spare. After some light encouragement from her uncle Bode Miller, who you may have heard of, she spent the 2017/18 season working at Cannon Mountain where she coached the Cannon Kids Program. Over the years Isa has become an all around winter sports enthusiast and is incredibly excited to be joining the LRT Coaching Team this winter! Isa is also currently a full time student at Plymouth State University working on a degree in Art Education.
DANA GREENBERG Head Coach, U10. Level 100 Certified
Dana’s ski racing began with the “candy bar” races at Mt.Pisgah, NY. Once hooked, her racing career took her from Nashoba Valley to the US Telemark Ski Team, with stops along the way at BBTS, UMass, and University of Colorado. After college she spent time teaching math and coaching racers at Gould Academy before returning to Massachusetts where she joined the coaching staff at Nashoba Valley. These days Dana can be found “racing” her family around the mountain where the prize is bragging rights instead of candy. She is excited to return to coaching where she believes in bringing the best out of young athletes; helping them develop confidence, passion and lifelong love of skiing.
Bryce Gillen, U10
Bryce will be returning to the team this year for his 5th season. He has been around the ski racing business nearly his entire life. He grew up skiing on the Loon Race team and when he reached high school he raced for the Lin-Wood Ski team. He helped his team win three consecutive state championships, establishing a school record that still stands. His senior year he was the NHIAA GS State Champion and he continued on to the Regional Meet of Champions where he was on the podium. He also raced for New England College his freshman year. Bryce is one heck of a skier and can't wait to share his love of the sport with all athletes he has the pleasure of coaching.
COLBY CHASE, U10
Colby is a former LRT and Linwood Lumberjack athlete. He grew up on the mountain and is a spirited and very skilled skier. He has experience working with young athletes at the Loon Ski School. Colby is a father of two and is finishing up his studies at Plymouth State University. He also runs a very successful painting business which he has guided to double digit growth this summer . He is really looking forward to spending time helping our U10s be their absolute best this season. Welcome to LRT Colby!
Caitlin Cosman, U10 Level 100 Certified
Caitlin has been a part of Loon Race Team in one way or another for the past 18 years. Starting as a Rut Rider herself, she graduated the program in 2014 and started school at Northeastern University studying Political Science, International Affairs, and Law and Public Policy. During her freshman year Caitlin began to split her winter between coaching for the Rut Riders and racing for the NU Ski Team competing in the Thompson Division of USCSA. For her first three seasons the women’s team was undefeated and scored first in the division every time. Due to eligibility rules, Caitlin had to take off the 2018 season, but decided to put her coaching skills into good use and became Head Coach of the Huskies. The women’s team made Nationals for the first time in four years that season. Caitlin has been waiting to get back on snow since she took her last run last season and is excited to work with athletes under the age of 20 again!
JOE WARD, U10
Joe is from Hooksett, NH. He's a Junior at Plymouth State University studying Business Administration. He grew grew up skiing, starting at the age of three. When he turned 14, he took the skills that he had accumulated over the years and started to teach and inspire inner city children at McIntyre Ski Area in Manchester, NH where he was a ski instructor for 2 years. This past summer he successfully ran his own painting business where he exceeded all his goals and created a network of happy customers. He's looking forward to working with the U10's to help them set goals for themselves and then crush them.
EMILY BOMBACH, U10
Emily is from East Lyme, CT and has been skiing since the age of 3. She grew up spending every weekend at Loon with her family. Emily started with doing seasonals and began racing with LRT in middle school. She coached at the Children's center for two years and loves to teach. Emily is currently a sophomore studying health sciences/ Pre PA at the University of Connecticut. She is very excited to come back to LRT!
SAMANTHA JANSSENS, U10
Samantha is from Cohasset, MA and is a junior at the University of Miami studying Physics and Marine Science. Although she studies in the sunshine state, skiing is her favorite pastime. She has been an avid skier since age 3; she first learned to ski out in the Rockies with her parents, and eventually decided to try her hand at racing when she joined LRT at the age of 13. She was the captain of the Notre Dame Academy ski team, which won its division and placed third in the Massachusetts State Championships. She’s coached for the Loon Mountain Children’s center and is excited to bring her skills and knowledge back to LRT!"
Ryan Hunter, U12
Ryan grew up in Bow, NH where he anchored the Falcons racing team both his junior and senior year. His coaching career took off where his USSA experience ended; at the local ski hill, Pat’s Peak, coaching JV’s for three seasons. After entering the elementary education program and also pursuing a degree in economics at Keene State College, Ryan then resumed coaching JV’s, this time at Mount Sunapee for three seasons before graduating from KSC summa cum laude. After graduation Ryan hiked the Pacific Crest Trail and then began working for Sport Thoma as a sales rep and ski technician. He lives in Lincoln in the winter and works on Lake Winnipesaukee in the summer.
Maura Cosman, U12 Level 100 Certified
Maura has been skiing at Loon since she was two years old. She began racing for LRT in 2000 and graduated the program in the Spring of 2012. She started coaching Rut Riders and moved up to U10 in 2014. She has also coached for 4 years at fall ski camps in Copper, Colorado. Maura is excited to be back this season. She is currently attending Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering with a concentration in Bio-engineering. When she is not skiing, Maura enjoys Ultimate Frisbee. She can't wait to get back on snow and start skiing with the athletes of the Loon Race Team.
Dan Doyle, U12
Dan started skiing at a young age, eventually going through the development team and race team at Bretton Woods, then coached by LRT U19 coach Harry Maybee. He then moved over to the Franconia ski club for his U16 and U19 years. As a member of the Profile Ski Team he helped them to win 2 state championship titles out of the last three years. He’s qualified for the NHIAA Meet of Champions, which brings the top 10 athletes from each of the 4 divisions in the State of NH together to race it out for a chance on NH’s team to the Eastern High School Championships. Dan is life long skier who brings strong ski skills and a great passion for the sport to LRT.
Jesse Anser, U12
Jesse grew up skiing at the age of 2 and began racing when he was 7 at a tiny “hill” called Mt. Peter in Warwick, NY. Though a small area, it had lights and allowed for training nearly every day. Throughout his racing career he traveled all over New England to compete at various levels of racing. In 2010 he won the New York State title in Slalom and Giant Slalom, and then went on to compete at Eastern Regionals at Attitash finishing Sixth in G.S. He then went on to race at Plymouth State University but decided to hang up the race skis for a while. Last season he rekindled his love for racing participating in Loonatics and was the overall champion. Jesse currently is the Marketing Director for the NH-FUN Family of parks which includes the Whales Tail and Outdoor Adventures in Lincoln. He is very excited to join LRT this season.
Joe Peznola, Head Coach U14. Level 200 Certified
Coach "Pez" is back for another season with LRT. Previously he was Head Coach of the Nashoba Valley Rovers USSA Race Team. He has been coaching ski racing since 1999. He served as the Children’s Race Committee Chair of the Tri-State Ski Racing Association from 2012-2014. He is USSA Level 200 certified coach and a Certified Race Referee and Alpine Official. Coach Pez raced for the University of Lowell back in the 80s. He grew up skiing at Loon and can remember the days when the Seven Brothers and East Basin Chairs were the only option when the gondola line was long. He and wife Deb just bought a home in Thornton with plenty of space for dry-land fitness madness.
Mark Mezzanotte, U14. Level 100 Certified
Mark has been skiing since age 3 and racing since he was 8. As a youth racer, he skied out of Nashoba Valley until high school. Mark attended and raced for The Holderness School in Plymouth, NH and continued ski racing through his four years at Boston College where he was Captain of the team. His senior year, Mark's squad claimed the top spot in the Eastern Collegiate Regionals earning the team a spot at NCAA Nationals in Idaho. He's also been involved with coaching at LRT at both the U10 and U12 level for four seasons.
Mark loves the winter and has learned many life lessons through his experiences on the snow, time with teammates and competition. As a Coach, Mark hopes to share his passion for skiing, instill strong fundamentals and a sense of camaraderie with the kids to develop their skills and foster a lifelong love of the sport.
BRUCE MCLAREN, U14
Bruce came to the U.S. from Scotland when he was 8 yrs old. He grew up in Northern NH where he was a ski racer and soccer player. He raced as an athlete with the Franconia Ski Club and excelled in Slalom. He was also an N.H.I.A.A. All Conference soccer player and played 2 years semi pro for the Lowell Reds. His coaching experience includes Burke, Bretton Woods and the Franconia Ski Club. in the "off" season he coaches for the Lightning soccer club, a travel team based in the Hanover area. Over th years Bruce has also been involved with Bode Miller and other U.S. Ski Team athletes dryland fitness programs and is a member of the board for the Turtle Ridge Foundation, Bode Millers non profit organization. Bruce is looking forward to extending the energy, professionalism and dedication to athletes progress of the Loon Race Team with the U14's this winter.
Lexi Casale, U14
Lexi Casale grew up racing in NH and is an LRT alum. She raced for Loon Race Team from age 8 - 15. She attended Waterville Valley Academy and won back to back championships in the Ski East League (‘08, ‘09) for Hingham High School. She is also a former Tecnica Cup winner (’08). Lexi attended Loon Fall camps in Copper, Colorado and a summer camp in Saas Fe, Switzerland with the Holderness School. Lexi coached for a year at Waterville Valley’s seasonal program, and two years at Loon’s seasonal X Team program before starting with LRT. She is a very strong skier who brings a great passion for the sport to her athletes and who relates her athletic experience to the next generation of skiers very well. More importantly, Lexi knows how to balance fun and hard work in order to get the most out of her athletes.
Marissa Haase, U16 Head Womens Coach. Level 200 Certified
Marissa is a fun loving, USSA Level 200 certified coach who brings her infectious energy and enthusiasm for skiing to the hill every day. This is her 8th year with LRT. She has coached Rut Riders, U10s and U16's in her time with the Club in addition to four years in the Childcare Center on Loon. An excellent skier and athlete, Marissa raced for her very successful High School ski team from 7th grade on. She has experience coaching at both Eastern Regional and International U14 events as well as Camps in Copper, Colorado. She is a recent graduate of Plymouth State University with an Athletic Training Degree and looks forward to continuing her education to a Masters Degree.
Tyler Doyle, U16 Head Mens Coach
Tyler is a student at Plymouth State University. He is a former athlete at the Bretton Woods Ski Team and the Franconia Ski Club. He was a varsity skier for the Div 4 State Champion Profile High School Patriots and he competed at the Eastern High School Championships.This is Tylers fourth season with LRT. Before coming to LRT; he spent several years coaching for the Bretton Woods ski Team where he worked with U12 and U14 athletes. Tyler has coached at both Regional and National level U16 events including the U16 Can Ams at Mt Tremblant. An excellent skier, Tyler is be a great visual model for our athletes(if they can keep up). He is known for his fun loving personality, hard work ethic and love of the sport of skiing.
BAILEY CLERMONT, U16
Bailey grew up in Lincoln, NH where he literally spent everyday that he possibly could skiing at Loon Mountain. When he was nine years old he joined the Loon Race Team and raced for Loon all the way up until his freshman year of college. Midweek, Bailey also raced for his High School, Lin-Wood, from 7th -12th grade. Bailey was NHIAA Div IV Skier of the Year in 2014 and is a former NHIAA Division IV GS and SL Champion. He is also a winner of the Governors Cup. Bottom line? This guy RIPS! In his free time, he loves to work on his WRX which he also races throughout the summer. When he's home he loves to go dirt biking, skateboarding, and hang out with friends. He spends summers at Lake Winnipesaukee out in the islands where he loves to sample the rope swings and cliff jumps, go sailing, water skiing, hiking and sometimes wake surfing!
Jeff Bratz, U19
Originally a native of Milwaukee WI, Jeff was fortunate to have indulgent parents who relocated to Franconia NH, where the mountains are much taller. He learned to ski and then race at Cannon Mountain with the Franconia Ski Club, where he met many characters along the way, and semi-successfully transitioned from bamboo to rapid gates. A graduate of Littleton High School (NH), St. Lawrence University and the New England Culinary Institute, Jeff spent many years as a chef throughout New England and NYC and on the road with bands wealthy enough to deserve and afford his efforts. He currently and enthusiastically teaches Culinary Arts at Salem High School CTE in Salem, NH. Jeff coached the J3/U16 program at Bretton Woods for eight seasons and is happy to be rejoining old friends at Loon Mountain to pursue the passion of ski racing. Also of note is the life lesson appreciated during Jeff’s formative years, that should anyone be offered a ride in a vintage Plymouth Volare to go ski racing, the opportunity should not be declined.
Harry T Maybee "H", U19 Head Coach. Level 300 Certified
Harry has a long history in ski racing in New Hampshire. Most recently he has was Head Coach and Program Director for the Bretton Woods Ski Team, where he worked for a decade. Prior to his tenure at Bretton Woods Harry was the Program Director for the Sunlight Ski Team Educational Foundation in Glenwood Springs, Colorado and the Director of Racing at the Colorado Rocky Mountain School. Harry was also the Program Director of the Franconia Ski Club in the 1980’s. He also has coaching experience as Head Coach of Ski Valley Christmas Camp, Crotched Mountain Ski Club, Greek Peak Christmas Camp and the WVA Summer Race Camp in Hintertux, Austria. During his college career, Harry was a four-year member of the University of New Hampshire at Plymouth Ski Team where he was inducted into their Ski Hall of Fame. He was also a member of the NEISC All Conference Team. Harry was a member of the NCSA National Champions Team, a top finisher in the Masters National Challenge and spent 2 years on the New England Pro Tour. He is also an accomplished tennis player and cyclist.
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Meredith Ketchie Daniel
April 6, 1932 ~ April 28, 2019 (age 87)
Meredith K. Daniel, 87, of Salisbury passed away April 28, 2019 at the Novant Health Glenn A. Kiser Hospice House.
Born in Rowan County on April 6, 1932, He was the son of the late George William Daniel and Daisy Horah Daniel.
Meredith was a veteran of the U.S. Army Reserves and retired from Brad Regan/Goodyear. He was an active member of Stallings Memorial Baptist Church, in addition to volunteering with the Baptist Men’s Ramp Builders, building handicap ramps, he also was a driver in the bus ministry, served on the Property and Grounds Committee, and was a member of Georgia Daniel’s Sunday School class. Meredith loved his church and family, was a dedicated Christian that believed in helping others. He did all things to bring Glory to God.
In addition to his parents, he was preceded in death by his wife of 34 years, Georgia, was the last surviving, and 13th, of 15 children. He was also preceded in death by grand-cat Kit-Kat.
Those left to cherish his memory are a son, Frank Daniel and wife, Starla Annette of Gold Hill; Brother in Law, Doug Williams of Rockingham; Grandchildren, Schrade Daniel and Gage Graham and wife, Nixsa; Great-Grandson, Miles Graham; many nieces and nephews; and grand-dog Trixie.
Visitation: Thursday, May 2, 2019 from 6:00 to 8:00 PM at Stallings Memorial Baptist Church, 817 S Main St, Salisbury, NC 28144.
Service: Friday, May 3, 2019 at 11:00 AM at Stallings Memorial Baptist Church, with the Rev. Doug Williams and Rev. Earl Pennell officiating. Burial will follow at the Chestnut Hill Cemetery. Meredith will lie in state for one hour prior to the service time.
In lieu of flowers, donations may be made to the Baptist Men at Stallings Memorial Baptist Church, 817 S Main St, Salisbury, NC 28144.
Lyerly Funeral Home is serving the Daniel family. Online condolences may be made at www.lyerlyfuneralhome.com.
Baptist Men at Stallings Memorial Baptist Church
817 S. Main St., Salisbury NC 28144
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11 key facts from Greater Vancouver’s spring housing market, so far
Kerrisa Wilson Jun 5, 2018
Photo: Kevin Wells/Flickr
Cooling demand in Metro Vancouver’s housing market allowed supply to accumulate in May, however, the amount of homes for sale still remain below long-term averages.
In May, a total of 2,833 homes changed hands in the region, a 35 per cent decrease compared to 4,364 sales recorded a year ago, according to the latest data from the Real Estate Board of Greater Vancouver (REBGV), published June 1.
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Last month’s sales were 19 per cent below the 10-year May sales average.
“With fewer homes selling today compared to recent years, the number of homes available for sale is rising,” says Phil Moore, REBGV president, in a statement.
“The selection of homes for sale in Metro Vancouver has risen to the highest levels we’ve seen in the last two years, yet supply is still below our long-term historical averages,” he adds.
SEE ALSO: BC’s housing market will continue its slowdown into 2020: BCREA
Here are 11 more facts that show how easing demand pushed up housing supply in Greater Vancouver in May.
1. Overall, there were 6,375 properties (detached, attached and condo) newly listed for sale last month, up 5.5 per cent from the 6,044 homes listed a year ago. This also represents a 9.5 per cent increase compared to April 2018 when 5,820 homes were listed.
2. Last month, there were a total of 11,292 properties listed for sale in Metro Vancouver — a 38 per cent increase compared to 8,168 properties recorded in May 2017.
3. According to REBGV, the total number of listings available last month was 17 per cent below the 10-year May average.
4. For all property types, the sales-to-active listings ratio was 25 per cent in May. REBGV says typically downward pressure on home prices occurs when the ratio falls below the 12 per cent mark for a prolonged period, while home prices generally experience upward pressure when it surpasses 20 per cent for a sustained period.
5. Last month, the benchmark price of a home for all property types was $1,094,000, an 11.5 per cent uptick from May 2017.
6. Detached home sales in Metro Vancouver continued to fall last month with a total of 926 sales — down 40 per cent from the 1,548 units sold a year ago.
7. The benchmark price of a detached home hit $1,608,000 in May, up two per cent from the same period a year ago.
8. In the condo segment, a total of 1,431 units sold in May, down 29 per cent from the 2,025 sales recorded in May 2017.
9. Last month, the benchmark price of a condo reached $701,700 — a 20 per cent year-over-year increase.
10. A total of 476 attached homes sold in Metro Vancouver in May, down nearly 40 per cent from the 791 sales in May 2017.
11. The benchmark price of an attached home was $859,500 last month — a 16 per cent increase from a year ago.
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AboutLeadershipRichard Broche
Richard Broche
Financial Partner
Richard Broche is a founding partner of the French private equity firm MBO Partenaires. He has more than 25 years’ experience in the Private Equity “small caps” segment. Before founding MBO Partenaires, along with his partners in 2002 he worked for 14 years at Initiative & Finance, at that time a branch of the Natexis Group, specialised in Management Buy Out Operations (MBOs) in small and medium-sized companies. Whilst there he started out as an intern and ended up as a partner.
Richard graduated from HEC Paris Business School and completed his education with a Master’s degree in Business Law.
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By Chris Treadway November 27, 2018 No Comments
The public and law enforcement first heard of the Symbionese Liberation Army in the days following the assassination of a popular Oakland schools superintendent 45 years ago this month.
Marcus A. Foster, superintendent of the Oakland Unified School District, was fatally shot as he walked with his assistant, Robert Blackburn, through a parking lot at the district offices on Nov. 6, 1973. Blackburn was also shot, but survived.
(Wikipedia.org)
In the days that followed, communiques began arriving at Bay Area media outlets from the previously unknown SLA, a militant revolutionary group that claimed responsibility and stated the two men had been sentenced “by a Court of the People” for their supposed role in district cooperation with police.
Two SLA members were initially arrested and charged in the attack.
Foster, 50, had been a teacher, principal and associate superintendent in his native Philadelphia, gaining a reputation for success in reforming and improving urban schools that led to his hiring for the top administrative post in Oakland in 1970.
The Oakland Education Institute, founded by Foster in 1973 “to raise discretionary funds to promote excellence in Oakland schools,” was renamed in his memory.
The SLA would go on to become a national news story and focus of an intense search for more than two years after kidnapping newspaper heiress Patty Hearst from her Berkeley apartment in February 1973.
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EURO 2016: Roy Keane calls on Republic of Ireland players to be streetwise against Italians
Republic of Ireland assistant Manager Roy Keane looks on during training
Roy Keane has told the Republic of Ireland’s players to be prepared to “take out” an opponent if they need to in their do-or-die Euro 2016 battle with Italy.
The Republic face the Group E winners in Lille on Wednesday evening knowing anything less than victory will end their participation in the tournament in the wake of Saturday’s 3-0 defeat to Belgium.
It was the nature of that reverse which so exercised assistant manager Keane, with missed tackles by James McCarthy and Ciaran Clark contributing to both Romelu Lukaku’s goals.
The former Ireland skipper has called for drastic action to prevent a repeat, and wants the players to be more “streetwise”.
Keane said: “My advice would probably be, yes, take him out. We saw Italy do it against Belgium - a player did it on the halfway line and got a yellow card. He literally jumped all over someone’s back when Belgium were breaking, and then he kicked the ball out of play.
“You have got to be streetwise in this game. We’re not here to make friends - the fans are doing that. But from the players’ point of view, if you smell danger, if you can hold the player up and you can win the ball, fantastic.
“But if you think, ‘We’re in trouble here’, then yes, you do whatever you can to get the right result and if that’s fouling, then you foul. It’s not a crime. You might get a yellow card - you might even get a red - but your team might win.
“Sacrifices - you’ve got to make sacrifices for your team. Does that answer your question? What do you think I would do?”
Wednesday’s game against Italy has inevitably rekindled memories of one of the biggest results in Irish football history, the day when Ray Houghton fired the Republic to a 1-0 victory over the Italians at the Giants Stadium during the 1994 World Cup finals.
They will need to be just as good if they are to manage a similar outcome this time around and while the odds may be against it, Keane has seen enough from the current squad to believe they can do it.
He said: “It’s been done before. It’s not an impossible mission we’re on.
“I suppose we had this conversation the other day about Belgium. Individually, they (Italy) have very good players. But if we’re at our best and a little bit of luck goes our way - and a few decisions - then we’re capable of it.
“You know, we have beaten Germany in the last two years. Players have to remember these days.
Niall Grace returns to Institute
“I appreciate there was some negativity for the past one or two days, but this team has bounced back before and I’ve no doubt that we will bounce back on Wednesday with a good performance.
“I’ve said it before that it doesn’t guarantee that you are going to win a game of football, so fingers crossed.”
However, if Ireland are to prosper as they did in New Jersey 22 years ago, they will have to take greater care of the ball than they did against Belgium at the weekend, when they surrendered possession all too readily.
Keane said: “I am not talking about our players, but you get some players showing for it, but they’re not really showing for it. You want to see the whites of their eyes - do you want the ball?
“That’s where courage comes into it. Courage is a big part of being a footballer - and courage doesn’t mean booting somebody, it’s wanting the ball when sometimes you don’t actually want the ball, if that makes sense.
“Bravery, courage, we need to see that in the next few days. Courage, you need players with courage...and balls.”
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Amazon exec to head Unilever's beauty business
Published: Mar 26, 2019 7:57 a.m. ET
SaabiraChaudhuri
Unilever PLC has appointed an Amazon.com Inc. executive to run its beauty and personal-care business, tapping an industry veteran with expertise in a broad range of consumer products and e-commerce to lead its biggest division.
The owner of Dove soap and Ben & Jerry's ice cream said Tuesday that Sunny Jain, currently Amazon's head of consumables, would begin his new role in June. Mr. Jain replaces Alan Jope who was recently promoted to be Unilever's chief executive.
Unilever has steadily shifted its focus toward high-growth personal-care products and, more recently, beauty lines. Last year, the company's beauty and personal-care division generated 41% of group sales.
That expansion has been helped by a string of acquisitions of high-end skin-care brands, including lines that appeal to specific ethnic groups and feature natural ingredients. Last year, among other deals, Unilever invested in Italian face-cream maker Equilibra and bought U.S.-based deodorant business Schmidt's Naturals.
Unilever has also been working to soup-up its digital capabilities in manufacturing, distribution and marketing. It has set up digital hubs to create data-driven campaigns and has an in-house studio for digital marketing. Earlier this year, Unilever said e-commerce represented over 5% of its business and was growing strongly.
Mr. Jope said Mr. Jain's experience with consumer products and online retail made him well-suited to the role.
While at Amazon, Mr. Jain was responsible for health, personal care, beauty, grocery and baby products, among others. He joined the online giant in 2013 after 16 years at Procter & Gamble Company where he worked in new business creation, marketing, sales and information technology.
Amazon, which started out life as a seller of books, has become a consumer goods powerhouse, with analysts estimating the site offers more than 100 of its own brands.
Those include the AmazonBasics brand, which makes everything from suitcases to batteries, the Happy Belly brand of foods and the Mama Bear baby-products brand.
Recently, Amazon has asked consumer-goods companies to create brands exclusively for it, a move that would further increase its foothold in the industry. The Seattle-based company has also doubled down on beauty. The Wall Street Journal reported in March that the e-commerce giant plans to launch urban grocery stores that could offer beauty products alongside food.
Write to Saabira Chaudhuri at saabira.chaudhuri@wsj.com
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Mar 29 Judge Extends Restraining Order Against Trump's Second Muslim Ban
Cliff Mason II
Trump issued his second Muslim Ban or travel restriction, of people entering the United States from six Muslim-majority nations, on March 6. Ten days later, the order was blocked by Hawaii federal Judge Derrick Watson. Judge Watson's temporary restraining order had the effect of blocking the ban for two weeks, allowing Trump's Justice Department sufficient time to defend its alleged need for security. After listening to arguments from Hawaii's Attorney General and representatives from the Department of Justice on Wednesday, Judge Watson extended the restraining order with the following preliminary injunction:
It is hereby ADJUDGED, ORDERED, and DECREED that: Defendants and all their respective officers, agents, servants, employees, and attorneys, and persons in active concert or participation with them, are hereby enjoined from enforcing or implementing Sections 2 and 6 of the Executive Order across the Nation. Enforcement of these provisions in all places, including the United States, at all United States borders and ports of entry, and in the issuance of visas is prohibited, pending further orders from this Court.
Douglas Chin, Attorney General for the state of Hawaii successfully argued that Trump's ban violates the U.S. Constitution by discriminating against Muslims. It is not a coincidence that the ban restricts entry from immigrants and refugees from Muslim-majority countries. Trump himself made it clear for several months during the presidential campaign that he fully intended to restrict access from Muslims. At one point Trump claimed, "Islam hates us." Trump's animus for followers of Islam reached a boiling point during the campaign when Trump stood in front of a Mount Pleasant, South Carolina crowd of supporters and read his campaign's press release aloud, "Donald J. Trump is calling for a total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States until our country's representatives can figure out what the hell is going on."
The extension of the restraining order blocking Trump's Muslim ban is for an indefinite period of time. Should Trump's White House seek to have Watson's ruling overturned, the Justice Department will have to appeal to the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals. Recently, the 9th Circuit ruled against Trump's first Muslim ban, making a successful attempt with this rewrite less likely.
Watson's ruling should bring the potential battle over the confirmation of Judge Neil Gorsuch into perspective for those not paying attention to DC. Should Gorsuch get confirmed, that would expectedly render any 9th Circuit decision moot. Gorsuch is a Tea Party/Freedom Caucus darling and unlikely to rule against an order handed down by the president who just promoted him to the high court.
The inclusion of Gorsuch on the Supreme Court will determine the fate of Muslims entering the United States for at least until the end of Trump's presidency. Earlier in the month, a Virginia judge upheld the ban, while a Maryland judge blocked one segment of it a week ago. When these circuit divisions exist, the role of the Supreme Court is to issue one supreme ruling that all courts must follow.
President, Trump, Muslim Ban, Muslim Ban 2, Judge blocks muslim ban, Hawaii Judge, Derrick Watson, Judge Derrick Watson, travel ban, restraining order trump's travel ban
Mar 30 Michael Flynn Seeks Immunity in Exchange For Russia Testimony
Mar 22 London Attack Ends in Death and Chaos
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Office of the State Auditor
This is a part of: Audit of the Registry of Motor Vehicles
Overview of the Registry of Motor Vehicles
Audit of the Registry of Motor Vehicles Audit Objectives, Scope, and Methodology
Detailed Audit Findings with Auditee's Response
The Registry of Motor Vehicles Did Not Effectively Administer the Use of Disabi…
RMV Issued 1,905 Licenses After Licensees’ Dates of Death and Did Not Deactivat…
RMV Was Unable to Locate Supporting Documentation for 24% of the Transactions R…
Other Matters: Process for Replacing Placards
The Registry of Motor Vehicles Did Not Effectively Administer the Use of Disability Parking Placards.
Audit calls on the RMV to take steps to ensure only eligible individuals are using handicap placards.
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The Registry of Motor Vehicles (RMV) did not effectively ensure that only eligible people were allowed to retain and use disability parking placards and did not ensure that its database of information regarding people who had been issued disability parking placards was accurate and complete. As a result, there is a higher-than-acceptable risk that these placards may be abused and deprive people with disabilities of needed parking.
On December 6, 2016, RMV entered into a partnership with the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (DPH) whereby DPH sends RMV a file listing people who have died and RMV runs a program to check the “deceased indicator” in the RMV master file, which is visible when RMV is preparing to issue a disability parking placard. If a deceased person is not already marked as such in RMV’s records, the program updates the deceased indicator.
Although RMV uses the Vital Statistics File that it obtains from DPH to identify deceased individuals’ placards and remove them from its database, using only this source of information may not be effective. For example, we compared the names and Social Security numbers (SSNs) of all individuals with active permanent disability parking placards during our audit period to the Social Security Administration’s Death Master File and found that RMV had processed 10,145 requests for disability parking placards from individuals who, according to this file, were deceased.
In addition, RMV does not properly administer the return and destruction of placards belonging to deceased individuals. Rather than requiring placards to be returned to RMV for destruction, it allows the placard holders’ estates to destroy or discard canceled placards themselves. Unless a placard is returned to RMV, it will remain unaccounted for.
According to RMV’s Medical Affairs Department, 60,690 unique letters were mailed during the audit period requesting the return or destruction of placards by estate holders. Our reconciliation of these letters showed that 4,056 (7%) of the placards related to the letters were retrieved for destruction by RMV and 8,461 letters (14%) were returned as “undeliverable” by the post office and stored in bins. The remaining 48,173 placards related to the letters (79%), according to RMV officials, were presumed to have been discarded by estate holders.
Many letters never receive appropriate follow-up, leading to a higher number of placards that are unaccounted for. For example, in many cases RMV has two addresses (mailing and residential) for one customer. RMV typically uses the identified mailing address to mail correspondence; if the letter comes back as undeliverable, RMV resends it to the residential address of the estate holder, requesting the return of the placard. However, if the second letter is delivered but there is no response, RMV does not take any follow-up measures to facilitate the return of the placard.
In addition, we performed a separate analysis of RMV’s placard holders and found that some other information about placard holders in RMV’s database may be inaccurate. Specifically, according to the information in this database, as of December 31, 2016, 12,694 active placard holders were age 100 years or older. This number is significantly higher than the 1,520 individuals that made up Massachusetts’s entire centenarian population as of the 2010 census.
Authoritative Guidance
According to Section 17.05(1) of Title 540 of the Code of Massachusetts Regulations,
The use of a disability placard, or the special parking privileges associated with a disability plate, is restricted to the person to whom the placard or plate has been issued.
RMV management is responsible for ensuring compliance with this regulatory requirement by establishing effective internal controls within its administrative process over the issuance, use, and return of placards and the maintenance of complete and accurate information in its database.
Reasons for Noncompliance
DPH’s Vital Statistics File includes only individuals whose deaths occurred in Massachusetts. In contrast, the Death Master File is composed of data provided by sources beyond those DPH uses, such as post offices, financial institutions, other states’ vital record agencies, and federal agencies. As a result, the Death Master File is more comprehensive than DPH’s file in some ways, which may have contributed to the higher number of deceased placard holders we identified in the Death Master File compared to that in the DPH Vital Statistics File.
In addition, RMV’s practice of automatically renewing permanent placards every five years limits its ability to ensure that it does not mail renewal placards to deceased people. RMV renews permanent placards every five years indefinitely unless it cancels them, as it does when it identifies deceased placard holders. If RMV does not identify a person as deceased, it will automatically continue to send them a new placard every five years. We reviewed a selection of other states’ renewal requirements and noted that some require people to periodically submit new applications and certifications of their disabilities. For instance, Florida and Michigan require placard holders to reapply every four years.
RMV officials could not explain why some of the information in its database regarding handicapped placards was inaccurate.
RMV should use the Death Master File, which identifies individuals who have died in other states as well as Massachusetts, to improve its efforts to identify and cancel deceased individuals’ placards.
RMV should require all individuals with permanent placards to reapply every five years.
RMV should take the measures necessary to ensure that its database of information regarding individuals who have been issued disability parking placards is accurate and complete.
Auditee's Response
The RMV does use the Social Security Administration’s Death Master File and used it throughout the audit period. The RMV supplemented the use of this file in 2016 with the use of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health’s Vital Statistics File that includes death records. These files are run against the RMV database and any matching records, including placard holders, are marked as deceased.
The RMV does not require people with permanent medical conditions, as certified by a licensed healthcare provider as part of the placard application process, to reapply for their permanent placard. The RMV considers the re-application a burden to customers with identified, permanent, disabling medical conditions, such as blindness or paralysis. These customers have already proven, through medical documentation, their condition and their demonstrated need for a permanent parking placard.
An application for a disability parking placard or plate must include certification from a licensed healthcare provider that the customer has a medical condition that impacts mobility, such as a chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, blindness, or loss of a limb or loss of the use of a limb. The RMV relies on the healthcare provider for details of the customer’s condition that would warrant the issuance of a placard.
The Auditor’s report asserts that the RMV does not have a system to track placard replacements. This is incorrect. During the audit period, this information was available in the ALARS system through notes associated with each customer’s account. Because those notes were free form text, the auditors may have found it difficult to search that data systematically. The new ATLAS system provides improved reporting and search capabilities related to individuals requesting permanent replacement placards and temporary replacement placards. The reporting and search function will help support the RMV’s new policy related to replacement placard requests. The RMV is able to track replacement placard requests submitted online as of March 26, 2018. Systematically, replacements may only be requested online once in a 12-month period. Now that ATLAS offers the technical ability to more clearly label the status of a particular placard, the RMV is working with the Department of Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) to transmit specific placard attributes. When a CJIS authorized user queries a placard, the goal is that the user will receive more actionable information that could lead to the issuance of a citation and or confiscation of a placard being used improperly. . . .
The RMV . . . with the implementation of its ATLAS system has initiated the following policy:
When a replacement placard is requested, the original placard is canceled and invalidated. Continued use of a canceled placard is against the law and carries fines and loss of license. The Medical Affairs Department may take the following actions for individuals requesting more than 1 replacement placard over the course of 12 months, or more than 3 during the 5 year period of validity of a permanent placard, and may deny requests for replacement placards based on the results of its findings:
Review all history of placard issuances and replacement requests with the agency, including requests for both temporary and permanent placards.
Review RMV records for evidence that original placard was misused by the placard holder or by anyone else, including those residing at the same address as the customer.
Review original documentation/applications presented to the RMV that resulted in the issuance of the original placard.
Request updated medical information on the customer's condition and ability to operate a motor vehicle safely.
Request confirmation of application and condition directly from the customer’s healthcare provider.
Request information from customer’s local city/town office on disability.
Request customer attestation on proper placard use prior to replacement, attestation may be requested in the form of a notarized letter or notarized affidavit. Letters and/or affidavits may also be requested from others residing with the customer or others involved in instances of confirmed or suspected abuse.
Auditor's Reply
During our audit, RMV management told us it had previously used information from the Death Master File to determine whether a placard holder had died. However, these officials stated that in December 2016, RMV switched to using the Vital Statistics File that it obtains from DPH to identify deceased individuals’ placards and remove them from its database. Regardless of which information RMV is currently using to update this information, it appears that RMV’s process for ensuring that the information is updated is ineffective, as evidenced by the fact that our review of the Death Master File showed that RMV processed 10,145 requests for disability parking placards from individuals who, according to this file, were deceased.
We do not necessarily agree with RMV’s assertion that simply having placard holders periodically reapply for their placards would be an undue burden to them. Placard holders should have several ways to accomplish that. For example, RMV currently allows individuals with qualifying disabilities to apply for their original placards online and to apply for replacement placards online, indicating that such a process does not present a significant barrier to these individuals. Further, as stated above, our research showed that a number of other states require individuals with handicapped placards to periodically reapply for their placards. In the opinion of the Office of the State Auditor (OSA), instituting a reapplication process for placards would not only better ensure that RMV’s information about these placards is accurate but also reduce the possibility of misuse.
Although there may have been a means for RMV to manually track replacement placards, based on the results of our audit testing, the agency was not using this means, as we found significant problems in this area, including many placards that were unaccounted for. During our audit, on several occasions we asked RMV officials to give us any reports they could generate regarding replacement placards, and they told us that there were none. RMV officials did point out that it was possible to review the text of the application for a placard, which would usually allow the reviewer to determine whether it was a replacement, on a case-by-case basis, but RMV could not use this process to effectively monitor its inventory of placards.
Based on its response, RMV is taking measures in policy areas to address our concerns about monitoring replacement placards. Further, RMV points out that its new ATLAS system provides improved reporting and search capabilities, which OSA believes will help RMV improve its administration of this process. However, as noted above, RMV did not properly administer the return and destruction of placards belonging to deceased individuals. Consequently, we again urge RMV to take the measures necessary to address this problem.
This is part of: Audit of the Registry of Motor Vehicles
RMV Issued 1,905 Licenses After Licensees’ Dates of Death and Did Not Deactivate 4,688 Licenses for Individuals Who Died Before Their Licenses Expired.
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Education: the Key to an Appreciation of Poetry
by Richard Blanco
As a Presidential Inaugural Poet I’ve been blessed with the opportunity to share my love of poetry at such unlikely venues as the Federal Reserve, the Mayo Clinic, Silicon Valley, the USDA, engineering firms and conferences, law firms, and advocacy groups of all kinds. In every instance, I witness audiences taken by a newfound connection to poetry. I hear comments such as: “I never knew poetry could be like this”; “That’s not what they taught me in high school”; “This is my first time at a poetry reading — and I’m hooked.” For many, it’s the first time they’ve been exposed to contemporary poetry and engaged with a living poet. Their sudden delight and appetite for poetry has made me question why poetry isn’t a larger part of our cultural lives; why poetry isn’t as connected to our popular conversations as film, music, and novels; and why poetry isn’t more entrenched in our history, rooted in our folklore, and established in our national identity as it is in other countries. Where is the disconnect? I think the bottom line is education. The way poetry is generally deemed to be taught (especially in K through 12 grades) falls short of exploring its full potential for students as well as teachers. As such, this National Poetry Month, I urge poets and lovers of poetry to engage teachers of all disciplines, encourage them to discover the relevance and power of poetry, and the importance of enabling young people to encounter poetry in schools. That’s what I’ve committed to as Education Ambassador for the Academy of American Poets, which offers a plethora of resources for educators, including lesson plans, a monthly newsletter for teachers, and the “Teach This Poem” email series with activities to help teachers quickly and easily bring poetry into the classroom. Involving ourselves in education is important not simply for the sake of poetry, but to ensure that the world-changing power of poetry continues to enrich lives, not just in April, but every month of the year for generations to come.
~this essay first appeared in Poetry magazine, April 2016
Richard Blanco was born in Madrid and immigrated to the United States as an infant with his Cuban-exile family. He was raised in Miami and earned a BS in civil engineering and MFA in creative writing from Florida International University. Blanco has been a practicing engineer, writer, and poet since 1991. His collections of poetry include City of a Hundred Fires (1998), which won the Agnes Starrett Poetry Prize; Directions to the Beach of the Dead (2005), winner of the PEN/American Beyond Margins Award; Looking for the Gulf Motel (2012), winner of the Tom Gunn Award, the Maine Literary Award, and the Paterson Prize; One Today (2013); Boston Strong (2013); and For All of Us, One Today: An Inaugural Poet’s Journey (2013).
In 2013, Blanco was chosen to serve as the fifth inaugural poet of the United States. Blanco performed “One Today,” an original poem he wrote for the occasion, becoming the youngest, first Latino, immigrant, and openly gay writer to hold the honor.
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Mentis Sciences, Inc. was founded in 1996 by John F. Dignam, following more than thirty years of service at the Army Materials Research Lab, where he served as the Director of Missile Materials.
John F. Dignam spent most of his lifetime promoting national security and developing the most effective material systems to aid in countering global threats. He founded Mentis Sciences to continue promoting innovation, expertise, and emerging materials and manufacturing technologies that will enhance U.S. security and promote economic growth. He was a well-respected leader, mentor, and motivator, always driving the Mentis team toward success for the benefit of the nation.
His legacy continues under the strong and visionary leadership of John J. Dignam, who brings unique and innovative technical expertise to solving some of the nation’s most daunting engineering challenges. The core values of ethics, integrity, community service, and commitment to excellence instilled by John F. Dignam live on with John J. Dignam and the Mentis team, and are apparent in every aspect of the company’s structure, personality, and operations. The Mentis team is familiar with the enormous responsibility that rests on those who work in the national security realm, and whose systems and technologies are integral to the success or failure of U.S. operations. The missile community will forever benefit from the tireless efforts of John F. Dignam, whose legacy lives on through Mentis Sciences.
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Book review: An impressive song-by-song tour through Springsteen’s catalog
Peter ChiancaMore Content Now
Apr 1, 2019 at 1:06 PM Apr 1, 2019 at 1:12 PM
“Bruce Springsteen: The Stories Behind The Songs,” Brian Hiatt, Abrams Books.
The concept alone sounds daunting: breaking down Bruce Springsteen’s entire recorded catalog song by song, and telling the story of how each track came to pass, putting them in historical and critical context as you do. I got tired just typing that.
But even if “The Stories Behind The Songs” may have been exhausting for Rolling Stone senior writer Brian Hiatt to write -- and I suspect it must have been, given the archival research and extensive new interviews that went into it -- it’s nothing but a pleasure to read, chock full of interesting insights and no small number of behind-the-scenes nuggets even the most devoted fans haven’t heard.
In fact, its assiduous attention to detail and breezy style put you there in the studio with Springsteen in such an effective way that a certain stripe of Bruce fan -- we know who we are -- will have difficulty resisting the temptation to take in the whole 288 pages in one sitting.
Hiatt, of course, is something of an unapologetic Bruce homer -- he took no small amount of heat for his five-star review of 2009’s lesser Springsteen effort “Working on a Dream,” a rating even he admits was “perhaps overenthusiastic-in-retrospect.” (Ya think?) But his clear fascination with, and respect for, Springsteen’s creative process makes for fascinating reading -- particularly during the early chapters, when you get a real sense of history unfolding as Bruce assembles the tracks for his career-defining classics.
Of course, the type of dedicated fans who are the audience for “The Stories Behind The Songs” will already know a lot of the tales Hiatt lays out about those early years, like the Herculean effort that went into recording “Born to Run” (the song). But there are enough interesting asides to hold your attention, even if you’ve heard the main stories before -- for instance, did you know that two different Springsteen ex-girlfriends claim to be the inspiration for “Candy’s Room”? (“I’ll never tell!” Bruce said to Hiatt in a 2010 interview.)
And then, as the book gets into the far-less-documented post-2000 material, anyone who appreciates that new work is bound to be mesmerized by Hiatt’s accounts of its inception. “The Rising” and “Wrecking Ball” may not be “Born to Run”-level classics, but the insight Hiatt offers into Springsteen’s process during those sessions, and how it had developed since his younger years, make those sections just as compelling as the earlier chapters.
Unfortunately, there are a few instances where the book approaches being too much of a good thing -- it’s impressive that Hiatt included every subsequently released album outtake in his rundown, but at a certain point you start to wonder if we really need to know the story behind every song on disc 4 of “Tracks.” I’d also have liked to have seen the credits accompany the 180 stellar (if often familiar) photographs, rather than relegated to a page in the back, but that’s just a quibble.
And while there’s a fine introduction by Hiatt, it would have been nice to also see a conclusion summing up Springsteen’s work in a broader way -- if only to have kept the book from ending with the lackluster EP “American Beauty,” and particularly with the phrase “a naked man on a leash.” (Now there’s a closing image for you.)
Of course, if these Springsteen tracks have made up the soundtrack of your life, you no doubt have your own ideas of what they mean to you -- and “The Stories Behind The Songs” will only enhance your appreciation of how they came to be.
-- Pete Chianca (pchianca@wickedlocal.com) is news director for Wicked Local North of Boston and author of “Glory Days: Springsteen’s Greatest Albums.” Follow him on Twitter at @pchianca.
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Yaaass, You Have Black Drag Queens to Thank for the Internet's Favorite Expression
"Yaaass?" "Oh my god, yaaass!" "YAAASS!!!"
If you live on the Earth, you've probably heard some version of this positive affirmation.
The elongated, often droning exclamation has colonized vocal chords from coast to coast and spawned dozens of viral memes. But where exactly does it come from? Ilana from Broad City? That weird YouTube cat? Yogi Berra? All wrong.
There was, you've possibly seen, that viral Lady Gaga fan video a few years back, but that's not the origin either.
While the saying has been revived with a vengeance in modern times, the story of yaaass was a cake that took decades to bake — with cooks who didn't get credit for their work in the kitchen.
Meet John Connolly, a 22-year-old hotel concierge from Brooklyn, New York, who was just another fan waiting to catch a glimpse of Lady Gaga shortly before the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards. When he saw the star emerge from a studio, however, he erupted with the yaaass heard around the word.
"Yaaass! Yaaass Gaga, you look so good," he cried. "Oh my god, yaaass." Video of the fanboy outburst, which he later uploaded to Instagram, took the Internet by storm.
"It's something we just said naturally," Connolly told Mic. "I was just saying yaaass with everyone else."
The Internet did not react lightly to Connolly's exclamation. News outlets from Bustle to BuzzFeed rushed to coronate Connolly as a viral Shakespeare. "As far as I have been able to determine, it all started here, with Lady Gaga," Bustle reporter Lucia Peters wrote in April.
It seems, however, that none of these outlets made any serious contact with Connolly. MTV, for example, incorrectly referred to him by his Twitter handle, Johnny Versayce. Reached by phone, Connolly was adamant to Mic that he didn't invent the term.
"No, absolutely not, no and I don't take any of that credit," he said. "I know it's been around for decades, especially in the gay community."
Lavender linguistics: From words and expressions like "throwing shade," "fierce," "werk" and "realness," many of the most ubiquitous things we hear today originated from a unique LGBT vocabulary often colloquially referred to as part of "lavender linguistics," a term believed to have been coined by the American University linguist William Leap.
"There's something affective, there's something emotional, there's something about the way people pull together all kinds of properties of language to be able to convey this message of who we are as people," Leap said in a 2012 WBEZ radio interview.
Leap, however, said he was largely unfamiliar with yaaass and that he was "stumped" by its possible origins. "My first reaction to the spelling is it seems like it could be African-American-related," he told Mic, adding that if it was appropriated, it wouldn't be the first time. "The word 'hot,' the word 'hunk,' those are African-American terms from Harlem in the 1920s and before, that have filtered out of 'Harlemese,' as it is called."
A second researcher in the exceedingly small field of gay male slang, Paul Baker from the England's Lancaster University, was equally flummoxed. Baker, one of the world's foremost authorities with two published books on the subject said he had no idea where yaaass came from either. "This wasn't a word I came across when I carried out my research on LGBT slang," Baker told Mic.
An intriguing theory on the etymological roots of yaaass can be found hiding in plain sight. In the 1990 documentary Paris is Burning, director Jennie Livingston followed the lives of mostly black and Latino drag queens in New York during the 1980s, chronicling the city's unique drag ball scene. Vestiges of that era are still recognizable today in shows like LOGO's RuPaul's Drag Race.
During the film's opening scene, a black drag queen bedecked in gold also provoked screams of yaaass from an adoring crowd. Though separated by more than two decades, the similarities between the film and Connolly's "yaaass Gaga" are inescapable.
Source: Mic/FFilms.com
Someone who did have some concrete answers was Jeffrey McCune Jr., an associate professor of women, gender and sexuality studies at Washington University in St. Louis.
"It is an affirmation beyond affirmation," he told Mic. "It existed as far back as the 1980s, or even further."
McCune, who is African-American, said he was more than familiar with the term. He cited his own "ethno-autobiographical" experience as a marker.
Source: Mic/Getty Images
So why did John Connolly get the credit? On that subject, McCune didn't miss a beat.
"On some level, the yaaass expression is an expression that one could argue was emblematic of the ways in which black gay culture permeates our society but gets unrecognized or downplayed," he told Mic. "Consumer culture says that we do not have to credit the source. We don't have to recognize the source."
Echoing others, McCune said the appropriation of black and minority contributions to LGBT culture went far beyond yaaass. "The larger white gay movement begins to think it created a term that it didn't create," McCune said." There is something important about recognizing the creativity and activity of people of color."
McCune, however, noted that the subculture among gay men was historically more diverse and inclusive than the wider society. In that context, he said, yaaass offered a timeless message regardless of gender or race or orientation.
"I really do feel like this affirmation beyond affirmation is an important expression, especially for those at the margins who are too accustomed to hearing no," he said.
Update: Oct. 7, 2015 The sentence which ended the article could be interpreted literally to suggest this is the first place you'd read the history of the word "yaaass." We've removed it. Yaaass.
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How many executive orders can a president use? Here are the limits on Trump's influence.
By Robert Valencia
In the days since President Donald Trump took office, he has signed a host of controversial executive orders — chief among them an immigration ban that ignited a legal firestorm and wreaked havoc in several U.S. airports and sparked protests around the world.
This spate of executive actions has left many wondering if there are limitations to the number of orders he can enact. Trump — or any president for that matter — has no restrictions nor a cap. To date, Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the largest number of executive orders for a total of 3,728 (though he was elected to four terms), followed by Woodrow Wilson with 1,803, Calvin Coolidge with 1,203 and Theodore Roosevelt with 1,081. Meanwhile, John Adams, James Madison and James Monroe signed only one executive order each.
To put things into perspective, former President Barack Obama signed 19 executive actions in his first 12 days, while Trump has signed 18 during the same period. Ironically, Trump was critical of Obama's use of executive orders, once calling it a "major power grab of authority."
By definition, an executive order is an official statement from the president suggesting changes to the nation's policies, according to the website FindLaw.com. Nevertheless, executive orders can be challenged.
What are the limits?
Source: Pablo Martinez Monsivais/AP
Executive orders are protected under Article II, Section 3 of the Constitution, which states that the President "shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the Untied States." These orders are used to influence issues in an array of areas, yet the great majority have dealt with war. For instance, President George W. Bush signed a series of executive orders following the 9/11 attacks, such as stopping the financing of terrorist organizations and the creation of the Department of Homeland Security.
But executive orders are also subject to checks and balances. According to FindLaw, the legal website, federal courts can challenge orders if they pose a threat to U.S. laws. Furthermore, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled out that executive orders "must fit within a certain sphere of power and cannot simply defy congressional intent."
Case in point: On Thursday night, a panel with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit upheld U.S. District Judge James Robart's decision, which dictated that Trump's immigration ban should be put on hold. The main claim is that Trump's order "ran afoul of the Constitution in that it intentionally discriminated against Muslims," according to The Washington Post.
Another limitation on the power of executive orders: they can be rescinded by a subsequent president, or if Congress decides that they have the power to rule on a particular issue.
But executive orders do acquire a level of legitimacy if the president is acting with Congressional authority. They can still shape policy in case Congress remains silent on a particular issue, according to FindLaw.
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Rights group: 82,000 disappeared, 14,000 dead at the hands of Syria regime
August 28, 2018 at 2:32 pm | Published in: Middle East, News, Syria
Demonstrators in Syria demand justice for the many Syrian prisoners, tortured and killed in Assad's prisons [Twitter]
Almost 82,000 Syrians have been forcibly disappeared by the regime of Syrian President Bashar Al-Assad since the start of the conflict, with over 14,000 listed as having died in detention, the Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR) revealed in a report today.
Revealing the systematic arrests of not only activists, but also of their family members and friends, SNHR published the figures collated since 2011 following the regime’s decision to release information about the fate of some of the kidnap victims as of May this year. So far, Damascus has officially acknowledged the death of only 836 people who were in detention, three-quarters of whom were recorded in SNHR’s database of missing persons.
“It is difficult to tell for sure what the Syrian regime’s goal is, but I think there are two possible answers – the first is that the Russians were the ones who told the Syrian regime [to release the names] in order to end this issue [of enforced disappearances], that has become a hurdle in the way of wrapping up the Syrian catastrophe. The second one is that the Syrian regime wants to show that it has achieved victory on the ground, and all that is left to do is to end the detainees issue so residents and society can go back under its submission accepting the fact that this is their only choice,” SNHR Chairman Fadel Abdul Ghany said.
“As defenders of human rights, we have to question the purpose of the Security Council, the OHCHR, and the international law in light of all of this.”
READ: Shocking details revealed about ‘Bashar’s slaughterhouse’
Of the 836 deaths officially confirmed by the Syrian regime, most of the disappeared were held in Saydnaya Military Prison in the suburbs of Damascus. The centre is closely affiliated to Syria’s military intelligence and is a branch that has witnessed a high number of deaths due to torture.
The fate of nine children who were among the names released has also been revealed, with boys as young as 12 suspected of having died as a result of extreme torture in jail. One woman, 23-year-old Lama Nawwaf Al-Basha, is also recorded among the dead. Arrested in 2014, she was transferred to various prisons, before receiving a suspected death sentence in 2015.
SNHR recorded that 41 of the disappeared cases involved kinships, with brothers or fathers and sons often arrested together, and in some cases, executed on the same day. Many high profile activists during the early days of the Syrian revolution are also listed as dead, including ten university students, two engineers, two athletes and three religious figures.
READ: Who killed 8,000 prisoners in Syria’s slaughterhouses?
The SNHR team also published their estimate of the number of deaths believed to have taken place in Syrian regime detention centres, amounting to some 14,000 people between March 2011 and August 2018. Yet the report notes that the Syrian regime stopped delivering the bodies of those who died in detention to their families, offering no categorical proof other than a government-issued death certificate which neglects to note the cause of death. Consequently their cases remain open as forcibly disappeared until proven otherwise.
“The Syrian regime denied those detainees the right to an attorney and barred their families from visiting them. Eighty-five per cent of all detainees have become cases of enforced disappearances as the Syrian regime never informed their families of their whereabouts,” the report concluded.
“SNHR believes that the Syrian regime has demonstrated a lack of commitment to the international agreements and treaties it ratified, in particular the International Covenant on Political and Civil Rights.”
READ: 3 Palestinians die of torture in Syria regime prisons
SNHR has called on the United Nations Security Council to hold an emergency meeting to discuss the revelations and protect detainees from torture while in detention. It has also called on the Office of the UN Commissioner for Human Rights to issue a statement on the issue and commission an extensive report in order to hold the guilty parties accountable and protect Syrian civilians from human rights violations.
Middle EastNewsSyria
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Michelle Obama campaigns in Illinois
KAREN McDONALD
Michelle Obama, wife of presidential candidate Barack Obama, made several stops in the state Monday to drum up support for her husband in his presidential bid.
Energizing average people about a national election and convincing them that they play a vital role in the political process brought the wife of presidential hopeful Barack Obama to Peoria on Monday.
"Peoria is important because, first of all, it’s (in) our home state … you don’t take home for granted. Much of how the state of Illinois, especially Peoria, thinks about this thing is indicative of how the country thinks about it," the senator’s wife, Michelle, told the Journal Star.
She stopped in Peoria to launch the "Downstate Women for Obama" committee and rally with 400 supporters and those still undecided who paid $35 to attend or $1,000 to host the event at the Civic Center.
Also, Peoria is important because of its close proximity to Iowa — another early voting state, Michelle Obama said.
"I think it means something if Peoria, Illinois residents march across the state line and talk to their neighbors over in Iowa about what this man can do for our country. It’s a critical set of relationships," Michelle Obama said.
As she spoke, her husband was in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, touting what he called the most far-reaching ethics and lobbying reform plan of any presidential candidate that he plans to bring to the White House.
"… We have an opportunity to really turn the page and move our country in a different direction for politics," Michelle Obama said. "Barack didn’t get in this race just to be in the White House or to win. Fundamentally, he believes that the political process, the way people engage in public discussion needs to change."
To that end, Michelle Obama said the tour, which included stops in Champaign and Rockford, was successful.
"Whenever I walk out of an event, people are ready to work, they’re ready to commit, and commitment means a lot of different things," she said, adding it can mean donating money to the campaign, getting people to register to vote, volunteering and more.
"When I feel like I’ve ignited that kind of enthusiasm, whether they’ve left a check or not, I feel like ‘Wow! Yes! We did it.’ This is what we’re trying to do here," she said.
The amount of money required to run a presidential campaign can be "bewildering." But fostering grass-roots efforts also is important and holding bigger, small-dollar rallies is important to touch everyone.
"We need to have more people at the table and feeling excited and feeling like they have a stake in this," Michelle Obama said.
Peoria County Democrat Party Chairman Billy Halstead said Michelle Obama is a good speaker, straight-talker and boosts her husband’s bid.
"She’s bright, she’s intelligent and she can talk to you in a language that the voters want to hear," Halstead said after the event. "She said don’t think about what’s wrong with your life. Think about how you are going to change it and what are you going to make out of it …"
Monday’s event also drew people from across party lines, something many say the Democrat junior senator from Illinois has a knack for.
"He’s very moderate and stated many times whoever our president is should support all people," said Woodford County Democratic Party Chairman David McBride. "I think anywhere she goes, when the public gets the opportunity to meet Michele Obama, they are very impressed with her. She’d make a great first lady."
Diane Oberhelman, CEO of Cullinan Properties Ltd., said she’s not throwing her support behind the couple yet, but wanted to learn more about Michelle and Barack Obama. "I have a lot of respect for Michelle and have to think Peoria is very lucky to have her here."
Don Jackson, attorney and the local and state NAACP president, called the event historic. "Obviously, this is a historic occasion. The main speaker is the wife of who I believe is the first legitimate African-American who is a candidate for president of the United States."
Running a nationwide candidacy is "100 times the work" of running a statewide race, one that forces a balancing act at home with two young daughters. Though she’s on the trail and still working as vice president of community and external affairs at the University of Chicago Medical Center, Michelle Obama said it’s rare she’s not at home in the evenings, so she can wake up with the children.
"That way, they don’t feel like they’re sacrificing their mom and their dad. It requires a lot of extra juggling, but the juggling is worth it if your kids are grounded," Michelle Obama said. "And then I really try to prioritize healthy eating and exercise … I feel like that’s how I keep my energy up. I can’t do this if I’m sluggish or tired."
Joining Barack Obama on the campaign trail in a high-profile role helps them cover more ground.
"If we can transform the country in that way and more people are engaged then we’ve already won. But we also want to get this man in the White House, too," Michelle Obama said.
Karen McDonald can be reached at (309) 686-3285 or kmcdonald@pjstar.com.
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29.06.2019 Europe
Asylum Laws: The German House Of Representatives On Migration Package
By Francis Tawiah
JUN 29, 2019 EUROPE
The German house of representatives (Bundestag) has passed the legislative package on migration and asylum. What changes for asylum seekers, who benefits from the reforms? Answers to the most important questions.
Despite fierce criticism, the house of representatives (Bundestag) on Friday approved the migration package of the Grand Coalition. The total of seven laws are intended to regulate various aspects of immigration.
Among other things, the controversial "Orderly Return Law", which regulates a tightening of the asylum law, is part of the package that has now been approved. At the same time, the Law on the immigration of people, is intended to facilitate the immigration of foreign workers.
What changes for asylum seekers?
Immigration detention: In the future, deportation candidates should also be able to be accommodated in regular detention centers. But they have to be quartered separately from normal prisoners. The conditions for departure custody are already given, if the specified departure date is exceeded by 30 days. For the first time, the authorities are granted a nationwide right to enter apartments in search of deportees.
Anchor Centers:asylum seekers should stay here for up to 18 months instead of the previous six. For families, six months remain. Asylum seekers from safe countries of origin as well as the so-called participation deniers and identity deniers are to be held longer.
Identity Defectors:The law provides for the new status of "acquiescence for persons with unexplained identity" and anyone who tries to prevent his deportation by deception of the authorities. Those affected face residence restrictions, a work ban and fines.
Social Benefits:Refugees to whom international protection has already been granted by another EU state should not be entitled to social benefits in Germany if international protection is still valid.
Residence Permit:Recognized asylum seekers may continue to be required to live with restrictions. However, the restrictions must not lead to Ghetto formation. The corresponding law is limited in time.
Will more people be deported in the future?
At least the federal government hopes for that. Above all, the Union sees great need for action after more than every second deportation failed in 2018. It is however, rather unlikely that significantly more rejected asylum seekers will be deported without toleration.
In some cases, the reduced barriers to exit custody may prevent anyone from absconding shortly before the scheduled deportation flight schedule. Nonetheless, the project will not change the fact that some countries of origin of the Asylum applicants are less cooperative in identifying and returning their citizens.
What about rejected asylum seekers who have found work?
Those who have a steady job, make their living over a longer period and speak German should receive a "tolerance". They are allowed to stay that way. However, this rule remains limited to so-called old cases. Only those who entered before 1 August 2018 can receive "employment toleration".
In addition, people without a residence permit who have started an apprenticeship receive a reliable stay-perspective. That is not completely new. The "education toleration" is now extended to certain helper professions.
For whom is the access to Germany easier?
In many industries there is a shortage of staff. installers, programmers, nurses - the list of trained professionals that is lacking is long. Although EU citizens are already allowed to work in Germany, they do so in large numbers. But they alone will probably not solve the problem of skilled workers.
Therefore, the entry requirements for skilled workers from other states should be relaxed somewhat. The previously applicable restriction on shortage occupations is eliminated. In addition, the employer no longer has to prove that he has not found a German or an EU citizen who could do the job.
Qualified migrant workers can come to Germany for a short time to look for a job. So far, an employment contract is a prerequisite for entry.
Why is the package controversial?
Above all, criticism has triggered the "orderly return law". Pro-asylum called it the "cut-off" law. Together with 21 other organizations, the association submitted an open letter to the German house of representatives (Bundestag). The letter described the migration package as "constitutionally most questionable and inhumane".
In addition, the signatories express legal concerns:
Deportation detention is not a criminal detention and should therefore only take place in separate facilities. The law would "permanently exclude many refugees from participation in social life, disproportionate sanctions and an unrestrained outlaw.
Francis Tawiah (Duisburg - Germany)
Francis Tawiah, © 2019
This author has authored 549 publications on Modern Ghana. Author column: FrancisTawiah
Reproduction is authorised provided the author's permission is granted.
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Karma Nation
The Yoga Zapper
Transcript – Q&A with author Mohan
Ashtakala (The Yoga Zapper – A Novel)
1) Where were you born?
I was born in South India but I grew up in North India near the mountains. My parents, sisters and I moved to Canada, first to Montreal. After finishing University I relocated to Denver, Colorado, where I lived for about fourteen years. I now live in Calgary, Canada.
2) How did your childhood play a role in this novel?
I had actually quite remarkable childhood. My uncle was an officer with the Indian Forestry Service and we lived close to the jungle and I remember as a child hearing tigers at night. I had a pet deer and so many adventures. It was really wonderful, and many of the descriptions and the "feel" of India comes from that.
3) What was the inspiration behind this book?
I'm an initiated Hindu Vaishnava priest and part of that involved reading a lot of the scriptures, the traditional narratives within Hinduism. I've done that for many, many years and there are some wonderful stories, in both the Hindu and Buddhist mythologies, which I thought would be interesting to bring to a Western audience; not in a pedantic or intellectual manner, but in a way that an ordinary person would be able to understand.
4) Why do you prevent a dystopian future for society in this novel?
Because that's what the Yoga narratives say. As time progresses, things actually get worse, and at the end of time we will have a very evil dystopian kind of future. Then when the cycle of time starts again, things will become peaceful and contemplative. In my novel, I based the dystopian future on some current trends such as environmental degradation and the control the government and other bodies have over us in terms of our lack of privacy. I took these a step further and imagined the use the genetics, where people are instantly identified and connected to a vast network, and how that is used to control and tax them.
5) What do the main characters in the story represent?
The plot is about two brothers who develop a kind co-dependency when their father dies, when they were young. The death of their mother breaks this co-dependency and they are shot off in different directions. One of them goes to the beginning of time whereas the other goes to the end of time. They are forced to confront their weaknesses and grow and become better, more complete people.
6) What are some of the challenges you faced in writing this book?
You have the fantasy element, the mythology, and then you have the stories of the two main characters, who have their own compelling histories to tell. Mixing these two together and molding it into something whole, complete and engaging, while not pushing the mythology, the philosophy, down people's throats, but bringing it out in a way that would be easy to understand and appreciate, I think is the challenge. I hope I've done a good job of that.
Transcript of Questions and Answers - Mohan Ashtakala
Q and A.docx
© The Yoga Zapper
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The Tower of London – A Fascinating Visit
February 13, 2009 January 13, 2017
In the early 1080s, William – the one who conquered Harold, with an arrow in his eye – started to construct a huge stone tower at the centre of London. Nothing so grand had ever been seen before. And over time, it grew wven larger, as each succesive king and queen added to it.
William, Duke of Normandy invaded and defeated the English under King Harold at the Battle of Hastings. Realising he must next secure England’s most powerful city – London – he did not attack directly but first laid waste to the surrounding countryside. An advance guard went to London to construct a fortress and prepare for his triumphal entry into the city.
After his coronation in Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066, the new king withdrew to Barking in Essex, while several strongholds were made ready in the City to safeguard against the fierce population. Historical evidence makes us think that one of William’s strongholds was in the south-east corner of the Londinium Roman city walls, on the site where the Tower of London was constructed. These early defences were replaced with a great stone tower (the White Tower) proclaiming the physical power and prowess of the new Norman monarch.
Henry VIII (1509-47) continued the work begun on the royal residential buildings by his predecessors, but on a grander scale. He commissioned a large range of timber-framed lodgings, primarily for the comfort and enjoyment of his second wife, Anne Boleyn, ready for her coronation in 1533, but they were rarely used and from this point on, the Tower ceased to be an established royal residence.
Henry VIII’s decision to break with Rome swelled the Tower’s population of religious and political prisoners from the 1530s onwards, while the country had to adjust itself to their monarch’s new role as the Supreme Head of the new, Protestant, Church of England. Prisoners included Sir Thomas More, Bishop Fisher of Rochester and two of Henry’s wives. All four were executed.
Henry’s daughter, Mary, (1553-8) returned the country to Catholicism and her short reign saw many rivals and key Protestant figures imprisoned at the Tower.
As the centuries went by, the tower fell into disrepair. Action was taken under the invigorating leadership of the Duke of Wellington, Constable of the Tower from 1826 to 1852, to restore the tower. The place was cleaned up and the moat, increasingly smelly and sluggish, was drained and converted into a dry ditch by 1845. Work began on a huge new barracks, constructed to accommodate a thousand men – on the site of the Grand Storehouse destroyed by a fire in 1841 – commenced. On 14 June 1845 the Duke laid the foundation stone on the barracks named after his greatest victory – Waterloo.
The Tower’s defensive role lessened as time went by, and the last time the Tower exerted its traditional role of asserting the power of the state over the people of London was in response to rallies and disturbances in London in the 1840s supporting Chartist demands for electoral reform. More defences were constructed, including a huge brick and stone bastion that finally succumbed to a Second World War bomb, but the Chartist attack never materialised.
It was also at the beginning of this century that many of the Tower’s historic institutions departed. The Royal Mint was the first to move out of the castle in 1812, followed by the Menagerie in the 1830s, which formed the nucleus of today’s London Zoo. The Office of Ordnance was next to leave in 1855 and finally, the Record Office relocated in 1858.
The way the Tower looks today is largely thanks to a 19th-century fascination with England’s turbulent and sometimes gruesome history. In the 1850s, the architect Anthony Salvin, a leading figure in the Gothic Revival, was commissioned to restore the fortress to a more appropriately ‘medieval’ style, making it more pleasing to the Victorian eye – and imagination. Salvin first transformed the Beauchamp Tower to make it suitable for the public display of prisoners’ graffiti, refacing the exterior walls and replacing windows, doorways and battlements.
Further commissions included restoring the Salt Tower (completed 1858) and making alterations to the Chapel of St John in the White Tower in 1864. Salvin restored the Wakefield Tower, so that it could house the Crown Jewels, which remained there until 1967, and built the bridge between it and St Thomas’s Tower. This he also restored so that the Jewel House Keeper could live there. In the drive to complete the perfect ‘medieval’ castle, his successor, John Taylor, controversially destroyed important original buildings to create uninterrupted views of the White Tower and to build a new southern inner curtain wall on the site of the old medieval palace.
So today’s tower is very much a Victorian version of the Tower, but it still holds a lot of interest – as hsown ny the fact that it attracts over a million visitors each year.
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https://www.mrt.com/news/article/Political-opposition-grows-to-nuclear-waste-14028381.php
Political opposition grows to nuclear waste storage plan
Updated 3:06 pm CDT, Friday, June 21, 2019
FILE - In this April 29, 2015, file photo, an illustration depicts a planned interim storage facility for spent nuclear fuel in southeastern New Mexico as officials announce plans to pursue the project during a news conference at the National Museum of Nuclear Science and History in Albuquerque, N.M. Congresswoman Deb Haaland on Friday, June 21, 2109, joined the growing list of politicians in opposition, sending a letter to the U.S. Energy Department and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission that detailed her concerns. less
FILE - In this April 29, 2015, file photo, an illustration depicts a planned interim storage facility for spent nuclear fuel in southeastern New Mexico as officials announce plans to pursue the project during a ... more
Photo: Susan Montoya Bryan, AP
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. (AP) — Plans by a New Jersey-based company to temporarily store spent nuclear fuel from commercial reactors in the New Mexico desert is running into more political trouble, as some of the state's top elected officials are raising red flags.
Congresswoman Deb Haaland became the latest member of the delegation to weigh in Friday, sending a letter to the U.S. Energy Department and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
The first-term Democratic lawmaker suggested existing railways weren't built to withstand the weight of the special casks that would be used to transport the high-level waste from sites around the country to southeastern New Mexico.
Haaland said there are no plans for new construction or renovations as part of the project proposed by Holtec International and that cities and states shouldn't bear the cost of the infrastructure improvements needed to ensure safe transportation.
"I believe such a facility poses too great a risk to the health and safety of New Mexicans, our economy and our environment," Haaland wrote.
Holtec is seeking a 40-year license from federal regulators to build what it has described as a state-of-the-art complex near Carlsbad.
Holtec executives say the project is needed because the federal government has yet to find a permanent solution for dealing with the tons of spent fuel building up at nuclear power plants.
Members of a U.S. House subcommittee visited Southern California earlier this month for a hearing that centered on the need for a permanent disposal option and the 3.5 million pounds (1.59 million kilograms) of nuclear waste stranded at a defunct nuclear power plant in that state.
The topic of storing nuclear waste will be on the agenda again when the U.S. Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee meets next week.
The development of a proposed long-term storage site at Nevada's Yucca Mountain was halted during the Obama administration, although the Trump administration has moved to restart the licensing process despite stiff resistance in Nevada.
Haaland in her letter echoed the concerns of New Mexico Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham, U.S. Sen. Martin Heinrich and U.S. Rep. Ben Ray Lujan. Without a permanent repository, they say the waste could end up stuck in the state indefinitely.
"There must be an open and transparent process that allows for input on what's best for our entire state," Heinrich said.
Congressman Lujan said broad support from the state, local communities and any affected Native American communities should be a requirement of any interim storage site.
Holtec spokeswoman Joy Russell said Friday the company appreciates the views of the elected officials and will continue to work with local leaders to ensure it meets all regulatory requirements.
In her letter, Haaland pointed to past studies done by the Energy Department when it was considering Yucca Mountain. She said modeling predicted rail accidents at a rate of 1 in 10,000 shipments.
She also said the agency has found that a severe accident involving one cask of radioactive waste has the potential to contaminate dozens of square miles and result in hundreds of millions of dollars in cleanup costs.
State and industry officials also have concerns about potential effects on oil and gas development, as Holtec's proposed site is located within the Permian Basin — one of the world's most prolific energy production regions.
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October 10, 2012 Music, Arts & Culture » Arts
Portland's pop-electronica quintet, Starfucker, plays SLO Brew
By Anna Weltner
The story of Starfucker is one so paradoxical, it ought to cancel itself out.
It all began in 2007 as the solo project of Portland native Josh Hodges, for whom the tongue-in-cheek moniker, it seems, was mostly about flipping the music industry the bird.
PHOTO BY TYLER KOHLOFF
MEET THE ’FUCKERS : The band with the memorable name has evolved to include (from left to right) Josh Hodges, Patrick Morris, Shawn Glassford, and Keil Corcoran.
While touring with another band, Hodges recalled, “I heard this girl, some music industry schmoozer person, and she was bragging about sleeping with some famous guy. She’s like, ‘I’m a total star fucker.’ And I was like, wow, this industry sucks. You guys all suck. For the first few years, it was about that same attitude of ‘fuck trying to be successful.’ That’s not the goal.”
He shrugged.
“Then I became more successful than I’ve ever been.”
Hodges wrote and recorded the band’s first album, the self-titled Starfucker, before even meeting current bandmates Shawn Glassford (bass, keyboard, and drums), Patrick Morris (guitar, keyboard, and vocals), and Keil Corcoran (drums, keyboard, and vocals). The playful, innovative, and infectiously danceable sound Starfucker produced was immediately at odds with its remarkably offensive name, which is either awesome or the stupidest thing you’ve ever heard. Either way, the band knew how to make an impression, and steadily gained a devout indie following that stretched beyond their Portland stomping grounds. Starfucker had the bright, giddy loopiness of labelmates Of Montreal, combined with the musical experimentation and philosophical questioning of the Flaming Lips and the adorable dancy rock of Passion Pit. The album’s yearning vocals—often purposefully hazy and obscured, as if Hodges and company were shying away from the mic—were complimented by samples from lectures by British philosopher Alan Watts, known for his efforts to translate Eastern philosophy into terms easily understood by Westerners.
Despite its upbeat sound, the album was imbued with a kind of vague melancholy. All my life/there you go, lamented “Rawnald Gregory Erickson the Second,” Oh please stay/for the night anyway.
You’ve got the money and the heartache/and the rest just turns to dust before I get to you, Hodges sings on “Pop Song,” a track that, musically anyway, lives up to its name.
“‘Pop Song’ is like about how every time you get your life and the world to be the way you want it, it’ll just change inevitably,” explained Hodges, munching a salad in a café in downtown San Luis Obispo, where the musician is currently staying. “Because even though impermanence exists, we all have a relationship with it, but we all live as if everything is permanent, and we’re shocked when things change.”
A BAND BY ANY OTHER NAME …: Starfucker plays SLO Brew, 1119 Garden St., on Tuesday, Oct. 16, at 8 p.m. Onuinu opens. Tickets to this all-ages show are $15 in advance and $16 at the door.
“German Love,” which quickly became an audience favorite, is catchy yet cryptic; a proclamation of love morphing, through repetition, into a kind of sinister warning. (German love, I’ll give it to you, give it to you, give it to you … .)
The project had stemmed from an indifference to fame and popularity, those dirty tramps, but now it seemed they were at Starfucker’s door—if only the band would change its name to something more, you know, accessible. But after toying with a few name changes—Pyramid and Pyramiddd were tried on for size and discarded, though the nifty abbreviation STRFKR is still used on posters and marquees—the band decided to stick to its guns and see what happened.
“Now it’s just like, we can only get so big because of the name,” Hodges said. “Now it’s just this experiment to see how far we can go with it.”
With its name as a kind of built-in protection against selling out, the social experiment known as Starfucker has had ample time to find itself. A few members came and went before the group established its current lineup. The band’s live shows, known for their sweaty, dance-party atmosphere, started to tighten up as well.
“It used to be all spectacle,” Hodges laughed. “We didn’t know what we were doing musically for a long time.”
Starfucker kept the lights, makeup, and occasional cross-dressing (“I think people think we’re just kinda homely girls,” Hodges reflected) while improving its live sound. These days, the band, which plays SLO Brew on Tuesday, Oct. 16, gets far more love for its live performances than for its recorded work. Reviews of the band’s second full-length album, Reptilians, released in 2011, were mixed, while their live shows consistently turn jaded critics into fawning teenage girls.
The Starfucker experience, one might conclude, is more about feeling than thinking, about imagery over narrative, about letting a moment course through your veins rather than observing and dissecting it, thereby draining it of its magical powers.
Such a hypothesis might also explain Hodges’ intuitive way of writing lyrics, which he described as “more about the phonetics of words, and how they fit into a song first, and then where I find the meaning in it.”
Reptilians is a far more streamlined and mature-sounding album than the band’s debut; the lovely cascading melody of “Bury Us Alive” and the anthemic buildup of “Julius” belie the death-centric themes of the album’s lyrics, perhaps clearest on “Death as a Fetish” and “Mystery Cloud,” which again samples a lecture from Watts.
“We all die,” Hodges reflected. “And everyone knows we all die, but it’s like this thing where we don’t know what to do with this piece of knowledge, and so it kind of rules our life in a secret, hidden way, because we’re scared to really look at it.”
A similarly deathy vibe permeates Starfucker’s forthcoming album, Hodges says, which he’s currently working on while staying in San Luis Obispo.
Hodges describes the next album as the group’s best and most collaborative offering yet, with at least one track written by each of the other members of the band.
“I always wanted to be in more of a band type situation, and not just like me writing stuff,” he said, “not like the Josh Hodges Band.”
Talk of the new work prompted reflection on Starfucker’s evolution.
“When it started,” Hodges continued, “it was just me, so there would be almost a whole song being played back, and then the drums and vocals. It was good, it was fun, there was no expectations. Now it’s totally different. Now there are expectations. It used to be about fucking off, and now its about creating a show. Now we have fans.”
The thought seems to baffle him.
“We used to just do shit like, we’d make noise and feedback for 30 minutes, and we’d play two songs, and that would be our set. We could not do that now, you know? People would be so mad at us. People would be like, ‘You guys are assholes.’ And there would be like one or two people who’d be like, ‘That’s the best thing!’”
Today, despite having real, actual fans, Hodges remains surprisingly humble: “Recently we were playing San Francisco, and I ran into my ex-girlfriend there, because that’s where she lives. I was kinda bummed out, and I was caught up in my own head, and I was playing the drums on ‘German Love.’ I saw these two couples right up front, and they were super cute, just singing along, and I was like, Oh, that’s why I’m here. It’s not about me. It’s about making this show for them. It’s not cathartic anymore for me; I’ve played this song fucking hundreds of times. It’s for them. It was good. I needed a slap in the face.”
Arts Editor Anna Weltner is always ready with a slap. Contact her at aweltner@newtimesslo.com.
« Clubs: 10/11 | 'We put fear and prejudice on trial… »
Family ties: SLO Rep brings 'Lost in Yonkers' to the stage
First ever Cambria Film Festival focuses on romance
New documentary, 'Lives Well Lived', reveals advice for a happy life
More by Anna Weltner
The fourth annual SLO Comedy Festival keeps bringing the laughs
At Cal Poly, Josh Machamer directs Shakespeare's 'As You Like It'
Making bad taste more respectable: Cult filmmaker John Waters brings his one-man show to SLO
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This Week in Fiction
Haruki Murakami on Parallel Realities
By Deborah Treisman
Haruki Murakami discusses “The Wind Cave,” his short story from this week’s issue of the magazine.
Photograph by Kevin Trageser / Redux
Your story in this week’s issue, “The Wind Cave,” is taken from your forthcoming novel, “Killing Commendatore.” In the rest of the novel, the narrator, as an adult twenty years later, is still haunted by the memory of his dead sister. Why do you think the loss was so scarring for him?
There are three types of emotional wounds: those that heal quickly, those that take a long time to heal, and those that remain with you until you die. I think one of the major roles of fiction is to explore as deeply and in as much detail as possible the wounds that remain. Because those are the scars that, for better or for worse, define and shape a person’s life. And stories—effective stories, that is—can pinpoint where a wound lies, define its boundaries (often, the wounded person isn’t actually aware that it exists), and work to heal it.
The most dramatic moment of the story is set inside a wind cave near Mt. Fuji. What made you choose that location?
I’ve always been fascinated by caves. I’ve visited numerous caves during my travels around the world. The Mt. Fuji wind cave was one of them.
The narrator’s sister, Komi, tells him that the characters in “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland” really exist in the world. A theme in the story—and throughout the novel—is that blurring of the distinction between the real and the unreal. In fact, you could say that it’s a theme in a lot of your work. What keeps you coming back to the idea?
I ask myself the same question. When I’m writing novels, reality and unreality just naturally get mixed together. It’s not as if that was my plan and I’m following it as I write, but the more I try to write about reality in a realistic way, the more the unreal world invariably emerges. For me, a novel is like a party. Anybody who wants to join in can join in, and those who wish to leave can do so whenever they want. I think novels get their driving force from that sense of freedom.
When Komi goes—in a sense—down the rabbit hole, she discovers a perfectly round, hidden room. Does that room have a symbolic meaning for you? Or is she actually passing into another world?
My basic view of the world is that right next to the world we live in, the one we’re all familiar with, is a world we know nothing about, an unfamiliar world that exists concurrently with our own. The structure of that world, and its meaning, can’t be explained in words. But the fact is that it’s there, and sometimes we catch a glimpse of it, just by chance—like when a flash of lightning illuminates our surroundings for an instant.
Was “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland” a reference point for you for the rest of the novel, too? Are you, like Komi, obsessed with Lewis Carroll?
I doubt there’s a child anywhere who hasn’t been enchanted by Lewis Carroll. I think children are drawn to him because the world he depicts is a completely self-contained, parallel reality. It doesn't need to be explained; children can just experience it.
There are echoes of other works in the novel as well—from Mozart’s “Don Giovanni” to Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby” to “Bluebeard’s Castle.” Are you often inspired by other works while writing?
My original inspiration for the novel came from one of the stories in the late Edo-period collection “Tales of Spring Rain,” by Akinari Ueda, specifically a story about a mummy who comes back to life. For a long time, I’d been thinking of expanding that story into a full-length novel. I’d also been wanting to write something that would serve as an homage to “The Great Gatsby.”
Do you think of “Killing Commendatore” as a departure from your previous novels, or a continuation?
“Killing Commendatore” was the first novel in a long time that I wrote purely in the first person. Actually, what I felt, very strongly, was how much I’d missed writing in this way. It felt as if I were back in a playground I used to play in. I had a great time writing the book. Painstakingly filling in all the details was a process I thoroughly enjoyed.
(Answers translated, from the Japanese, by Philip Gabriel.)
Deborah Treisman is The New Yorker’s fiction editor and the host of its Fiction Podcast.
Dive into the world of literature with The New Yorker’s weekly fiction newsletter.
This Week in Fiction: Haruki Murakami
Murakami discusses his story in this week’s issue, “Scheherazade,” about a man who is being held in a house that he can’t leave.
New fiction: “There was something about him that stirred up the dark side in other people.”
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What Planet Is Chris Christie Living On?
Chris Christie is heading for New Hampshire, his head held high, his tongue blazing.
Photograph by Jeff Zelevansky/Getty
Chris Christie can yak; we all know that. At one point during the Bridgegate scandal, which derailed his Presidential hopes, he stood at the podium for what seemed like an entire morning answering questions, until, finally, the Trenton press corps ran out of things to ask. He didn’t say much, of course, except to repeat his denial that he knew anything about the Nixonian shenanigans his chief of staff and top political adviser had apparently been up to in Fort Lee, where his administration stood accused of reducing the number of access lanes to the George Washington Bridge in order to punish the town’s mayor for opposing the governor’s reëlection. But at a moment when many politicians would have stayed out of view, Christie stood there and talked, and talked, and talked, his very presence indicating that, however bad things got, he intended to tough it out.
It was a bit like that on Tuesday. Christie returned to the gymnasium of the high school he’d attended, in Livingston, New Jersey, and announced that despite everything—criminal charges in the Bridgegate scandal, a record low approval rating in his own state, and a near-universal consensus among pundits that he’s finished as a national figure—he is, indeed, running for President in 2016. Without a teleprompter or any notes, he spoke for about half an hour, casting himself as a working-class hero, a pragmatic problem solver, and, above all else, a teller of truths.
“I am not running for President of the United States as a surrogate for being prom king of America,” Christie said. “I am not looking to be the most popular guy who looks in your eyes every day and tries to figure out what you want to hear. . . . When I stand up on a stage like this in front of all of you, there is one thing you will know for sure: I mean what I say and I say what I mean. And that’s what America needs right now.” Just in case anyone hadn’t received the message, his campaign had printed up blue placards bearing the legend “Christie. Telling it like it is.”
To be fair to the two-term governor, he had some good lines. (He often does.) Rather than simply criticizing President Obama and the Democrats, he said that both parties had failed the country by turning compromise into a dirty word. “If Washington and Adams and Jefferson believed compromise was a dirty word, we’d still be under the crown of England,” he said. When he did get around to attacking the current Commander-in-Chief, he accused him of running a “weak and feckless” foreign policy, adding, “President Obama lives in his own world, not in our world.”
Of course, the same thing could be said of Christie; indeed, his otherworldliness might be his greatest strength. Confronted with the realities of his situation, most earthbound politicians would be looking for a comfortable couch in a quiet room and adopting the fetal position. Christie is heading for New Hampshire, his head held high, his tongue blazing.
When he gets there, he will find that his poll numbers are somewhere between bad and disastrous. A year ago, opinion surveys indicated that he was leading the G.O.P. pack in the Granite State. Last week, in a poll carried out for CNN and WMUR, a New Hampshire television station, Christie ranked seventh, with just five per cent of likely G.O.P. voters selecting him. Ahead of him were Jeb Bush, Scott Walker, Marco Rubio, Rand Paul, Carly Fiorina, and Donald Trump.
And that’s the good news for Christie. On the national level, his position is even more fraught. It’s not just the fact that he’s running ninth in the G.O.P. field, or that fifty-five per cent of likely Republican voters questioned by pollsters for an NBC News/Wall Street Journal survey said that they couldn’t even imagine voting for him, or that many of the wealthy Republicans who supported him in 2012 have moved on to other candidates. It’s the fact that his own state of New Jersey has turned against him.
When a governor runs for President, a strong local base is a must. But in a poll released last week by Fairleigh Dickinson University, Christie’s approval rating was just thirty per cent, roughly half what it was two years ago. Forty per cent of respondents said that they “dislike everything” about him. Another twenty-three per cent said that they like him but dislike his policies.
Obviously, the Bridgegate scandal played a big part in undermining Christie’s popularity. But he has also been plagued by economic problems, particularly in Atlantic City; questions about the use of Hurricane Sandy relief funds; and renewed problems with the state’s public-employee pension system, which he claimed to have fixed. “The bad news is that he is the governor in a state where a sizable majority give a thumbs down to his leadership,” Krista Jenkins, the Fairleigh Dickinson professor who directed the poll, said.
Even some of Christie’s admirers have pretty much written him off. “His moment was four years ago, when he was fresh, brash—there was just something about him,” Charles Krauthammer, the conservative commentator, said on Fox News. “He was the candidate everybody wanted, the anti-Mitt Romney. And he decided he wanted to wait, and now the buzz is gone and that excitement is gone. . . . His political space, ideological, it has been taken by Jeb Bush.”
But that won’t stop Christie. History shows that he likes to play the underdog: that’s what he was in 2009, when he became New Jersey’s governor by defeating an incumbent Democrat, Jon Corzine. Ever confident of his own abilities, Christie will be looking for a strong showing in the televised debates, which start in August, and which will showcase his articulacy and his everyman persona. Still, absent a collapse in Bush’s campaign and a mass outbreak of amnesia among G.O.P. voters, Christie’s quest looks like a forlorn one.
The Political Scene
Crossing Chris Christie
What the New Jersey bridge scandal says about the Governor’s political style, and his future.
By Ryan Lizza
Republican “Survivor”: A Proposal for Culling the G.O.P. Field
The G.O.P. needs a procedure that affords all of the candidates an opportunity to impress while also acknowledging that voters can’t be expected to take fifteen or twenty candidates seriously.
By Lizzie Widdicombe
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Bickell back in lineup, ready
by Brad Boron / Chicago Blackhawks
With Ben Smith’s reassignment to Rockford on Monday, the Blackhawks have 12 forwards on the active roster, which means that Bryan Bickell will be back in the lineup when the Blackhawks take the ice Wednesday in Minnesota. The winger has been a healthy scratch for the last five games.
“It was quite frustrating the first couple of games,” Bickell admitted after Tuesday’s practice. “I was hard on myself, but I picked up my work and wanted to show coach that I wanted to be in the lineup and stay there. I think the work has paid off and I’ll be ready [for Wednesday].”
Bickell started the season on a roll, recording a point in four of the first five games this year. But since then, his production has tailed off a bit, and Head Coach Joel Quenneville says that he’s looking for more consistency in the winger’s game.
“We like his speed and his size, his physicality and he can be better with the puck,” Quenneville told the media after practice. “I just think he had a really strong year for us last year, a good start [this season] and we want to get him back to that pace.”
“Game in and game out, I have to be physical and contribute any way that I can,” agreed Bickell. “I’ve been working hard; I need to focus on hitting and getting the puck in the net. I just need to keep working on those things.”
When Bickell was teamed with Dave Bolland and Michael Frolik last season, the trio made a formidable challenge for opponents with their blend of offensive skill and defensive presence. Quenneville says that he hopes Bickell will bring that consistently now that he has another chance at the lineup.
“I think with his speed and his size and his presence, he should be more of a factor,” Quenneville said. “We saw that a lot last year and I think we need to see that consistently in his game. When he does that, he’s a player we can use in all situations.”
Needless to say, when Bickell steps out of the dressing room at Xcel Energy Center tonight, he will be ready to go from the first shift.
“The last few weeks I’ve been realizing what I need to do to stay focused, to be ready for every shift, every game. [Quenneville] told me to be ready and I think I am.”
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N. Murray Edwards
Industry: Energy
Residence: London, United Kingdom
BirthDay: 10 December 1959
Sigh: Capricorn
Education: Bachelor of Arts / Science, University of Saskatchewan; Doctor of Jurisprudence, University of Toronto
N. Murray Edwards was bornon 10 December 1959 in London, United Kingdom, Canada. N. Murray Edwards is #1324 in List Billionaires People In The World. Edwards derives most of his fortune from stakes in Canadian oil and mining companies. His notable investments include oil sands miner Canadian Natural Resources and aerospace firm Magellan. The Saskatchewan native owns a minority stake in the National Hockey League's Calgary Flames. Edwards owns several ski resorts through a company called Resorts of the Canadian Rockies.
N. Murray Edwards CM (born December 10, 1959) is a Canadian oil sands financier and a co-owner of the Calgary Flames hockey team. With an estimated net worth of $US 2.2 billion (as of March 2011), Edwards was ranked by Forbes as the 14th wealthiest Canadian and 540th in the world. Edwards launched major Canadian companies including Canadian stalwarts Canadian Natural Resources Ltd and Ensign Energy Services Inc.Edwards studied at the University of Saskatchewan, graduating with a Bachelor of Commerce (honours), after which he obtained an LL.B from the University of Toronto in 1983. He would later also receive an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from the University of Saskatchewan. In 2013, he received an honorary law degree from the University of Toronto. Through a substantial contribution to the University of Saskatchewan in 2007, the College of Commerce was renamed the N. Murray Edwards School of Business. He was appointed as a member of the Order of Canada in 2013.Edwards has more at stake in the Canadian oil sands than possibly any other individual. His company, Canadian Natural Resources, has sketched out plans to spend $25 billion to turn the bitumen-bearing sand found in northern Alberta into barrels of crude oil. This media shy lawyer-turned-financier also owns big stakes in Ensign Energy, Canada's second biggest oil services company, and Penn West, one of Canada's biggest energy trusts. In the Calgary Herald’s 2015 executive compensation survey, Edwards’ 2014 earnings as chairman of Calgary-based Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. were rated fourth highest of the city’s 100 largest publicly traded companies at $12.7 million. He also earned almost $2 million as chairman of Ensign Energy Services Inc. Much of his compensation from both companies was in the form of stock options. He owns Resorts of the Canadian Rockies, which owns Fernie Alpine Resort, Kimberley Alpine Resort, Nakiska, Stoneham Mountain Resort, Mont-Sainte-Anne, and Kicking Horse Resort. He owns shares of the Calgary Flames hockey team. He owns over 30% of a management and holding company, Jovian Capital Corp. Edwards is Chairman of the Board of Magellan Aerospace Corporation and the majority holder of Magellan Aerospace, owning ~76% of Common Shares.Edwards was top shareholder and director of Penn West Petroleum Ltd.. He stepped down in 2005 when it became a trust. In 1992 Edwards hired Bill Andrew to take over Penn West, which at that time, was only a "distressed micro-cap with a staff of six, producing 500 barrels a day." Since then Penn West became one of Canada's largest oil companies.Edwards is linked to six corporations that have donated a total of $436,227 in campaign contributions to the B.C. Liberal Party since 2005, including $153,480 from oil company Canadian Natural Resources, which he chairs, as well as $131,390 from Imperial Metals, where he is the controlling shareholder and which owns the Mount Polley gold mine in British Columbia, amongst others. In 2013, he helped organize a $1-million fundraiser in Calgary for B.C. Premier Christy Clark’s re-election bid.
Energy n. murray edwards n. murray edwards charitable foundation n. murray edwards contact n. murray edwards net worth n murray edwards son n murray edwards wife n murray edwards foundation
Net Worth is $10.6 Billion
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Pralines Have A Long History!
While sugar cookies may be a Christmas tradition in some homes, or the building of gingerbread houses, many native Louisianans have a different tradition for the sweet treats that they will be making for their holiday festivities; and that is the praline. Pralines are a type of candy that is made from pecans, sugar, cream, and butter, and they have become synonymous with Louisiana and more specifically New Orleans. These candies can be found as a part of any Louisiana families’ festivities, and after reading more about these spectacular sweet treats, you will want to make them a part of your celebrations too.
* The praline that New Orleans is famous for is a little bit different from the first praline ever made. When the recipe reached the Gulf coast, cream was added to make it to confection that we have come to love today.
* Clement Lassange, a chef who worked at the Château de Vaux-le-Vic for Marèchal du Plessis-Praslin, a sugar industrialist, was the inventor of the praline.
* Lassange coated almonds in sugar which were said to be used as gifts to visiting ladies or as a digestive aid.
* The candy got its name from Lassange’s master, Marechal du Plessis-Praslin.
* Lassange later retired and sold the recipe for the candy.
* The praline came to America with the French settlers who came to Louisiana, but the recipe was changed to use local ingredients such as the pecan and brown sugar.
* The praline legend has it that a French woman who was homesick for her native country decided to try and make the pralines that she remembered from her childhood. She had to use brown sugar instead of white and pecans instead of almonds, and that is how the southern or the New Orleans praline came to be.
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Home India Resurgence of...
Resurgence of Kashmir militancy new challenge for security establishment
By Aijaz Nazir
Srinagar: Even as talks are scheduled to be held between National Security Advisors of India and Pakistan later this week, an insidious challenge is cropping up in the Kashmir Valley for the security establishment forces. Kashmiri youth are once again taking up guns.
India is expected to take up the recent cross-border terrorist attacks in Gurdaspur and Udhampur at the meeting between Pakistan’s Security Advisor Sartaj Aziz and his Indian counterpart Ajit Doval on August 23.
Photo credit: www.ibtimes.co.in
Since late last year, a steady stream of reports has noted local Kashmiri youth are taking the path of violence. Since the outbreak of the armed insurgency in 1989, and the emergence of the anti-India protests in 2008, this may be the most serious challenge that India’s security establishment has faced. The new breed of militants are particularly targeting the security forces.
The hub of the local militancy is the picturesque south Kashmir, famous worldwide for its tourist destinations. But some of the areas like Shopian and Tral, also the separatist strongholds, have become fertile for producing militants. The social media has emerged as the most effective recruiting grounds.
Locals hold security forces responsible for inciting youth to take up arms. In recent years young boys were allegedly harassed, tortured, taken up by the security agencies for questioning and many were booked under the draconian laws like the Public Safety Act, which provides for arresting a person without trial for two years on mere suspicion of endangering security of the state.
Burhan Wani, a Hizbul Mujahideen commander with a bounty of Rs.10 lakh ($14,000), is representative of the new breed of the militants who have openly taken to the internet and social media with pictures and videos to challenge the Indian authorities.
In one such video Wani and his associates can be seen brandishing AK-47s and cracking jokes at an unidentified location in south Kashmir. These militants belong to well-off families and are highly educated. One among them is a former policeman who was the Personal Security Officer for a local lawmaker, until he decamped with his service rifle to join the militants. Another one has passed out of the school securing 98 percent marks before joining militants.
Recruitment of locals by the jihadist groups has helped groups like the Lashkar-e-Taiba and Hizbul Mujhideen to shore up their activities in the Valley. Counter-terrorism operations by the local police and the Indian army and paramilitary forces had brought down their strength to a mere hundred a year back. As per latest reports from the security agencies, there has been an increase in militants’ numbers in the valley, mostly in south Kashmir.
Sameer Patil, a security analyst at Mumbai-based think tank Gateway House, told IANS: “Social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter are very popular among youth in Kashmir, Militant commanders have used this medium to not only spread their anti-India propaganda but also pick up on potential recruits.”
The use of social media has become a major concern for security agencies which have made futile attempts in the past to block such content. Earlier, the J&K police had approached the local court to block the Facebook page on which pictures of these militants in army fatigues appeared. The pictures had gone viral on the social networking sites.
Former chief minister Omar Abdullah, during whose tenure mass anti-India protests began in the Valley, claims that the coalition government of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) is responsible for pushing youngsters into militancy.
Omar recalled that when his father, veteran politician Farooq Abdullah, joined hands with then prime minister Rajiv Gandhi in the late 1980s, youth had taken up arms against India.
“Again we are passing through the same situation. This time also, a pact has taken place between the two parties with different ideologies,” said Omar hinting at the wide ideological disparities between the right wing BJP and the PDP which is perceived as being soft on separatists.
However, a minister in the present coalition government has hit out at Omar himself for the spread of the militancy. Naeem Akhtar, who handles the Education portfolio in the BJP-PDP coalition government, rejects the charge that his government is pushing Kashmiri boys to pick up guns and instead claims the “alienation during the National Conference (Omar Abdullah’s party) rule triggered the youth to join militants”.
Ishaq Beigh, a political analyst from South Kashmir, says that political parties are passing the buck to one another.
“Lack of consciousness among political leaders towards the resolution of the Kashmir issue is making ways for local militancy. These are the politicians who created this dispute. Now it is their moral obligation to find ways for its peaceful resolution.”
While differentiating the present militancy with that of the situation in 1989, Dr. Sheikh Showkat Hussain, who teaches human rights and International law, says, “In 1989, militancy started out of adventurism and craze but now these young boys are fully aware of Kashmir’s political issues. They have seen no political resolution from New Delhi even after years of open disobedience against India.”
Kashmiri youth
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Mental Deficiencies -
Neuroplasticity -
It was fascinating to meet The Woman Who Changed Her Brain
A.C. O'Dell
Barbara Arrowsmith-Young
#48 in Amazon Special Needs Biographies and Memoirs
I get lost a lot. My sense of direction is so abysmal that I find myself constantly retracing my steps. Previously, this seemed a quirk to me – something I didn’t like about myself but couldn’t help. Then, teacher and author Barbara Arrowsmith-Young blew it all wide open. Could my sense of spatial intelligence be compromised?
In The Woman Who Changed Her Brain, Arrowsmith-Young explains to the reader that she was born with several learning deficiencies, and one, in particular, that is crucial in relating to other humans called “symbolic recognition.” She says she felt like she was in a fog until she was about 25 years old when she discovered the writings of Dr. Alexander Luria (1902-1977) Soviet neuropsychologist.
Barbara discerned that the temporal lobe of her brain was responsible for symbolic recognition and devised a series of exercises. In this case, she used flashcards that would help her tell time, another temporal function she struggled with. She theorized that working indirectly on her own deficiency would “wake up” that part of her brain. And it worked.
Arrowsmith-Young launched her own research into the concept of neuroplasticity, the idea that the brain is fluid and changeable rather than static, and eventually founded the Arrowsmith School in Toronto. Now, her goal is to isolate learning deficiencies in students of all ages, and use the curriculum she designed to improve their functioning. It’s unusual. It’s direct. And it’s changing the lives of students and their families everywhere.
The Woman Who Changed her Brain got my wheels turning. Arrowsmith-Young’s extraordinary dedication to education and heart for students on the spectrum is absolutely moving. She tells her story in the first person, starting with her early struggles to function in an academic setting, and going on to describe interactions with her own students and their incredible results. It is quite absorbing, though at times the reading is a bit dry simply because of the volume of case studies included. I found myself considering it a novella-length advertisement for the Arrowsmith School, and other readers’ comments indicate a similar feeling.
Since the 1950s, educators have told students and their families with learning deficiencies that their differences cannot be helped and need to be worked around. Arrowsmith-Young has pioneered a new path in this realm, and students that were totally isolated before have been offered a chance to join the conversation. Though her program has been criticized by her peers as pseudoscience, she also has fans in the medical community. She was credited in psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Dr. Norman Doidge’s book, The Brain That Changes Itself, with spearheading an “important discovery.”
I have some experience with functional health in general. Experimental treatments and research can make anyone skeptical. But I’ve never quite been able to discount anything that brings hope. Arrowsmith-Young is committed to enriching the lives of a much-misunderstood group of people and is offering hope to students and their families. This writer is cheering her on!
This is A.C.! She’s an unofficial member of geekdom and loves board games, tabletop games, video games, mind games… just kidding. Or are we? A.C. has written a novel and a half and is hoping to be published this year, as the habit of writing is growing harder to shake. She lives in Interlaken, which is in rural upstate New York. Her heroes are Captain Kathryn Janeway and her cat, Fiddle.
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FDA reports additional cases of cancer linked to breast implants
Posted: 1:26 PM, Feb 07, 2019
A deadly cancer linked to breast implants has been found in additional women in the United States, federal health officials said.
At least 457 women in the United States have so far been diagnosed with anaplastic large cell lymphoma, the Food and Drug Administration said in a statement Wednesday . Of those, nine have died as a result of the rare cancer, which affects cells in the immune system and can be found around the breast implant.
Women with breast implants have an increased risk of developing anaplastic large cell lymphoma, the FDA has said, compared to women who don't have breast implants.
"We hope that this information prompts providers and patients to have important, informed conversations about breast implants," the federal agency said.
A warning letter to doctors
The FDA also issued a letter warning those in the medical field of the association between breast implants and anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
"We want all healthcare providers to be aware ... particularly in patients with new swelling, lumps, or pain around breast implants, to expedite diagnosis of this malignancy," the letter said.
"We are also asking health care providers to report to the FDA cases of Breast Implant Associated - Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma. (BIA-ALCL) in patients with breast implants. This includes reporting individual cases as well as rates you may have experienced during your practice."
Most of the cancer cases occurred in people who had textured surfaces on their implants, rather than smooth surfaces. The illness is slow-growing and treatable when it's detected early.
"When breast implants are placed in the body, they are inserted behind the breast tissue or under the chest muscle," the letter said.
"Over time, a fibrous scar called a capsule develops around the implant, separating it from the rest of the breast. In patients with breast implants, reported cases of BIA-ALCL were generally found adjacent to the implant itself and contained within the fibrous capsule."
Millions of women have breast implants
About 10 million to 11 million women in the world have breast implants, according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons and the Plastic Surgeon Foundation.
The FDA first raised the possibility of the illness in 2011, saying there was a small but significant risk of developing the cancer after getting breast implants. It asked doctors whether they'd noticed changes in their patients and urged women to check for symptoms such as fluid buildup or a mass around their implants. Symptoms of the cancer also include swelling and redness around the breast implants.
Since that report, the scientific community has learned more about the link between breast implants and anaplastic large cell lymphoma.
People who are considering getting the surgery should do their research and discuss with their surgeons the risks and benefits of textured- and smooth-surfaced implants, the FDA has warned in the past.
It said those who have breast implants should monitor them for any changes and get routine screenings such as mammograms or MRIs.
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Archives|Lloyd Bentsen Returning Home After Stroke
Lloyd Bentsen Returning Home After Stroke
By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS OCT. 4, 1998
Former Senator Lloyd Bentsen was released from a Galveston treatment center on Friday after spending three and a half months recovering from a stroke.
''He's doing very well,'' said Dr. Brent Masel, who treated Mr. Bentsen at the Transitional Learning Community. ''His spirit and determination are incredible.''
Mr. Bentsen, 77, was hospitalized briefly in February after a minor stroke. A week later, he had a more severe stroke and was eventually sent to the Galveston center for rehabilitation, Dr. Masel said.
Mr. Bentsen planned to return to his home in Houston, where he would undergo therapy, Dr. Masel said.
Mr. Bentsen, a Democrat, served in the Senate from 1971 to 1993. He was Michael S. Dukakis's Vice Presidential nominee in their 1988 Presidential campaign and was President Clinton's first Treasury Secretary.
A version of this article appears in print on October 4, 1998, on Page 1001026 of the National edition with the headline: Lloyd Bentsen Returning Home After Stroke. Order Reprints| Today's Paper|Subscribe
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Energy & Environment |Land Rush in Permian Basin, Where Oil Is Stacked Like a Layer Cake
Land Rush in Permian Basin, Where Oil Is Stacked Like a Layer Cake
More oil rigs are going up in the Permian Basin, which straddles Texas and New Mexico.CreditCreditBrittany Sowacke
By Clifford Krauss
HOUSTON — Domestic oil production remains in a deep two-year slump, but a rash of multibillion-dollar deals are flashing sparks of recovery in the shale fields of the Permian Basin straddling Texas and New Mexico.
Exxon Mobil announced on Tuesday that it was acquiring 275,000 acres in New Mexico from the Bass family of Fort Worth for up to $6.6 billion in stock and cash. The deal came one day after another oil producer, Noble Energy, agreed to pay $2.7 billion to buy Clayton Williams Energy, giving it 120,000 oil-rich acres nearby in West Texas.
The deals are among the largest of more than $25 billion of mergers and acquisitions in the Permian since June, representing roughly one-quarter of the total spent by the oil and gas industry on such transactions worldwide over the last year. Companies like Anadarko Petroleum, SM Energy and EOG Resources are selling assets in other domestic fields to snap up parts of several fields that make up the basin, which is roughly the size of South Dakota.
“The Permian Basin has now become the crown jewel of the world’s oil and gas industry,” said Scott Sheffield, the executive chairman of Pioneer Natural Resources, a large producer in the area.
Oil Prices: What to Make of the Volatility
Over the last two and a half years, the oil industry experienced its deepest downturn since at least the 1990s.
The Permian, in production for almost a century, is so bounteous that it fueled the Allied forces battling Germany and Japan during World War II. In recent years, though, the basin had been in decline, and big oil companies like Exxon Mobil sold assets to small independents that were willing to scrape the remaining barrels of old wells by flooding them with water and carbon dioxide.
But the Permian received new life about a decade ago when drillers began experimenting with hydraulic fracturing to blast through shale fields that course through the region. Exploration by Pioneer Natural Resources and a few other companies found multiple layers of shale — six to eight oil-rich zones, one on top of the other, like a layer cake — that offer companies the opportunity to drill through multiple reservoirs on the same real estate.
The geological virtues of the Permian, along with an existing robust array of pipelines, have made the basin the cheapest to develop of any shale oil field in the country. The break-even price for the best acreage in the basin is as low as $40 a barrel, where in most other shale fields the break-even price can be $10 to $20 higher. With acreage prices for oil properties multiplying by 10 times or more since 2012, oil executives are starting to talk of “Permania.”
As a whole, most of the American oil patch remains in the doldrums since the price of a barrel of oil skidded from more than $110 a barrel in 2014 to less than half that. In Texas alone, 100,000 oil workers — one out of three — have lost their jobs in recent years. Only 522 oil drilling rigs are now active in the United States, compared with 1,609 in October 2014, and the number fell by seven last week.
Meanwhile, investments in oil production and pipeline building have met growing opposition from environmental groups in some parts of the country because of climate change.
But the number of rigs drilling in the Permian is rising. Since last May, 105 of the 179 horizontal rigs that companies have added to drill through shale across the country have been deployed in the Permian.
Chevron, the second largest United States oil company after Exxon Mobil, is among the many companies funneling more money into drilling in the Permian.
Exxon Mobil had been slow to join the oil shale boom since it purchased XTO Energy, a shale gas driller, for more than $30 billion in 2009, shortly after natural gas prices peaked. Many oil analysts had expected Exxon Mobil to make a major purchase while oil prices bottomed a year ago at less than $30 a barrel. The price has climbed to more than $52 a barrel in recent weeks, firming as members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries moved to cut production.
The Bass family had tried to sell its private Permian companies for months, and oil analysts said Exxon Mobil finally moved before oil prices climbed any higher. Exxon Mobil said it had acquired reserves of 3.4 billion barrels of recoverable oil mixed with natural gas, more than doubling its reserves in the basin, which had risen over the last three years with small purchases after the shale boom took off.
The new property is yielding less than 19,000 barrels a day, but Exxon Mobil said it would be able to increase production significantly in the former Bass fields, which are in the oval-shaped Delaware section of the Permian Basin close to very productive wells operated by Occidental Petroleum.
“The acquisition strengthens Exxon Mobil’s significant presence in the dominant U.S. growth area for onshore oil production,” Darren W. Woods, Exxon Mobil’s new chief executive, said in a statement. He added that the company, using its technological strength, would be able to drill the longest lateral wells in the Permian, reaching the greatest oily area through the shale vein.
Noble’s deal this week, also in the Delaware section, will roughly triple its footprint in the Permian. The company plans to increase its rig count to six from four in the Delaware by the end of the year. In a statement, Noble’s chief executive, David L. Stover, called the Delaware “a long-term value and growth driver.”
A version of this article appears in print on , Section B, Page 3 of the New York edition with the headline: Where Oil Is Stacked Like a Layer Cake. Order Reprints | Today’s Paper | Subscribe
Exxon Mobil Taps Darren Woods to Replace Rex Tillerson
Under Rex Tillerson, Exxon Mobil Forged Its Own Path Abroad
Oil and Gas Industry Leaders Eagerly Take Stakes in Mexican Offshore Fields
OPEC Reaches Deal to Limit Production, Sending Prices Soaring
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Daily Beast: Danske Bank Scandal Whistleblower Allegedly Killed
Published: Thursday, 11 October 2018 14:04
Written by Alex Cooper
In 2006, the first deputy chairman of the Russian Central Bank, Andrei Kozlov, attempted to tell authorities in Estonia about a money-laundering scheme that had been created in the Baltic financial system. Three months later he was dead, age 44, and the scheme would later be revealed as the US$200 billion Danske Bank scandal, according to the Daily Beast.
Danske Bank, Tallinn (Photo: Pjotr Mahhonin, CC BY-SA 4.0)The latest information on the scandal comes from a diplomatic cable from United States officials, the outlet reported. Those officials had briefly began looking into Kozlov’s trip to Estonia after he died. However, the magnitude of the scheme was then unknown.
The Estonian branch of Danske Bank, Denmark’s biggest bank, closed the accounts of several companies in 2013 after realizing they had been used to launder huge amounts of money, among others by a member of Vladimir Putin’s family and Russia’s intelligence service, the FSB.
The volume of money is staggering: more than the GDP of Estonia, and more than the annual corporate profits of Russia at that time.
The suspicious activities involved some $233 billion of Russian money that flowed through the bank’s small Estonian branch between 2007 and 2015. The bank says it suspects that employees of that branch actively helped thousands of clients circumvent money laundering controls.
The latest information shows that the scheme would have began before 2007.
After playing a football match in September of 2006, Kozlov and his driver were killed by three assailants at the parking lot of the sports complex.
Because he had been involved in revoking licenses of a number of small banks, Russian authorities claimed that he had probably been killed by gang members, according to the Daily Beast. An operator of one of those banks, Alexei Frenkel, was convicted and sentenced to 19 years in prison.
There seems to have been more serious threats to Kozlov than had previously been known.
When Kozlov traveled to Estonia, he had demanded several bank accounts be closed when he met with the head of anti-money-laundering for the country’s Financial Supervision Authority (FSA), Andres Palumaa.
The Daily Beast now reports that the story never became international news because the scale of the money-laundering operation was undisclosed, though the Estonian investigative outlet Eesti Ekspress reported the visit to Tallinn.
A telegram shows that U.S. officials went to speak with Palumaa after the original story was published. It said, “Palumaa said that after Kozlov’s warning, the FSA followed up with their Russian counterparts in Moscow, but the Russians said that they had no information to substantiate Kozlov’s accusations.”
The Daily Beast writes that this may have led to Russian officials being tipped on the attempts by Kozlov to close the flow of dirty money.
Danske had around 200 accounts connected to the Russian Laundromat, a scandal OCCRP uncovered and that saw over $20 billion laundered out of Russia. Seventy-five accounts were connected to another OCCRP investigation called the Azerbaijani Laundromat.
The U.S. has recently began to investigate the money laundering as well.
Authorities have not reopened the investigation into Kozlov’s murder, the Daily Beast reported, even amidst doubt of Frenkel’s involvement by the international community.
russia russian laundromat Whistleblower Estonia Azerbaijani laundromat Danske bank Daily beast Andre Kozlov
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Ohio Coatings Company – Tin Plate Manufacturer
World-Class producer of tin plate steel in the USA
Steel Types
Tin Plating Process
Tin plating mill seen flourishing in flat market
American Metal Market, May 20, 2002
By Scott Robertson
PITTSBURGH, May 17 — Ohio Coatings Co., Yorkville, Ohio, has positioned itself at the forefront of a tin mill renaissance that by most measures has been a success.
Ohio Coatings, a joint venture of Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Corp., Wheeling, W.Va., Dongyang Tinplate Corp., Seoul, South Korea, and Los Angeles-based Nippon Steel Trading Co. Ltd. (formerly Nittetsu Shoji America Inc.), operates an electrolytic plating line with a rated capacity of about 250,000 tons per year, a capacity the company is on pace to exceed by some 30,000 tons this year.
That success has come despite financial problems bedeviling Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel, which is operating under Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, and the fact that Ohio Coatings is the smallest tinplate producer in the United States in what is universally regarded as a flat market.
The company, which was established in 1995 and was the first electrolytic tin plating mill to be built in North America in more than 30 years, replaced two older tinning lines formerly operated by Wheeling-Pittsburgh. Ohio Coatings got off to a slow start but has seen significant growth during the past three years, according to Kris McGee, its president and chief executive officer.
Ohio Coatings plates steel coils for the food container, general line, oil filter and specialty industry segments. It distributes products to 23 end-user customers through both Nippon Steel Trading and Wheeling-Pittsburgh. More than 70 percent of its black plate raw material is supplied by Wheeling-Pittsburgh, which has its operations just a few miles away, with the rest purchased on the open market.
“We are a stand-alone business,” McGee said. “Measurement is the big word with us. We measure everything–that’s what’s given us the results we have. Our entire business lives and dies by continuous improvement. This is a tough industry, but this (measurement) strategy has helped us become modestly profitable.” Measurements abound throughout the plant–ranging from production, shipments and customer satisfaction to worker safety, statistical process control and many others.
McGee, an engineer who formerly worked with mini-mill giant Nucor Corp., Charlotte, N.C., has instituted a mini-mill culture in a shop where workers are represented by the United Steelworkers union. Workers have taken responsibility not only for individual tasks but also for plant-wide activities and operations.
“You won’t hear anyone here say ‘That’s not my job’,” McGee said. “We work well with the union. We’ve gotten some early contract settlements and we have started the new contracts with the new benefits before the previous contract expired.”
The company’s 78 employees also have enjoyed the company’s gain-sharing program, a monthly incentive program for both hourly workers and management that uses five drivers measured against a matrix to determine a monthly payment.
Ohio Coatings has been profitable for the past 16 or 17 months, McGee said, as a result of the continuous improvement strategy, a strategy which directs the company’s overall focus to its bottom line.
Mike Roth, the company’s purchasing, safety and environmental manager, said the ability of management and employees to work as a team had fostered a safe workplace. There is a simple measurement for the success of that plan, according to Roth: zero OSHA-recordable accidents this year.
There are other key measurements of success as well. The number of customer field claims at Ohio Coatings has fallen steadily during the past three years, according to Lori Clark, manager of quality control. She said that claims had declined from 2 percent in 2000 to 1 percent in 2001 to 0.4 percent thus far this year. Customer field claims averaged only 0.43 percent from October 2001 through April 2002.
Customer satisfaction has risen in kind. On a rating scale of 1 to 5, where 1 is very poor and 5 considered excellent, customers this year have rated the company a 4.4, up from 3.3 two years ago.
One of the reasons for that lies in Ohio Coatings’ Tech Services. The company has two technical representatives who regularly visit customers to get ideas on how the company can improve its performance and to address low marks on customer feedback reports. At the same time, Ohio Coatings maintains a customer complaint board in its lunchroom–McGee described it as a “Wall of Shame”–on which complaints, even poor tinplate samples, are tacked for all to see.
“We want to make sure if something bad goes out the door once, it doesn’t go out that way again,” McGee said. “Everyone takes responsibility and makes sure it’s corrected.”
Ken Domyan, general manager of operations, said the company’s “yield bucket methodology,” which is part of its continuous-improvement program, also is showing results. Ohio Coatings’ total percentage of prime product produced has risen steadily to 96.52 percent this year from 92.06 percent in 1998, while the number of rejects, black plate rejects and delay rate had fallen. Rejects, for example, were running at 1.06 percent through April of this year vs. 4.32 percent in 1998.
Part of the reason for those improvements lies in Ohio Coatings’ statistical process control. Dwain Hultberg, manager of process control for the company, said the tin line design incorporates on-line process sensors coupled with frequent off-line product and process testing. Data is continually archived and checked for proper process control and highest product quality.
The company made the transition to a QS-9000-registered quality system in January 2001, Hultberg said, facilitated by the on-line sensors, routine product testing and the high experience level of the workforce.
And better quality has meant improved sales. “We’re the smallest tinplate producer in the U.S.,” said Gregg Johnston, general manager of sales for Wheeling-Pittsburgh. “But we’re pretty much sold out, and we have been for the past seven or eight months. As the smallest player, we have had to identify some niche markets and operate from freight-friendly locations. We don’t have to do a lot of things the bigger (tinplate producers) do. We have more operational flexibility.”
Being small has not hurt the company–bookings have grown 160 percent since 1998 while market share growth has increased 66 percent in that span. That growth has helped translate into shipping records. Ohio Coatings is on track to ship 15 percent more tons in 2002 than it did in its previous record year. The company set a monthly record with 28,774 tons shipped in January and set a daily record in March when it shipped 2,535 tons in one day.
“It (tinplate) is a flat market,” McGee said. “And we are still a slave to the two large markets, food cans and general line. But we think we’ve made great strides with customer satisfaction and quality, and those things have helped us grow in a flat market.”
Reproduced with permission from American Metal Market.
© 2002 American Metal Market LLC, a subsidiary of Metal Bulletin Plc. All rights reserved.
Ohio Coatings wins excellence award
Times Leader, May 20, 2002
THE OHIO Coatings Co., built in 1995 in Yorkville, Belmont County, received the Eastern Ohio Development Alliance’s (EODA), Excellence in Manufacturing Award at the EODA’s annual meeting on April 30 at the Carlise Village Inn, Walnut Creek, Oh.
Accepting the award presented by U.S. Congressman Bob Ney, R-St. Clairsville, were Kris McGee, OCC president and chief executive officer, and Jim Tennant, chief financial officer for the OCC.
Donald R. Myers, EODA president, nominated OCC for the award. He provided an overview of the company and said that OCC ws the first electrolytic tin-plating plant build in America in the last 30 years.
McGee and Tennant thanked the EODA for the prestigious award, and noted that with the continued support of agencies such as the Ohio Mid-Eastern Governments Association, the Belmont County Department of Development,and the EODA, they will continue to grow both as a quality supplier to the tin industry as well as be a solid employer in the Eastern Ohio region.
According to Myers, four states were in competition for the plant, but Belmont County and Ohio were successful in landing the state-of-the-art industrial plant. It was constructed in 1995, in Yorkville in Belmont County.
The OCC was developed as a joint venture between Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Corp., and Dongyang Tinplate. The development was recorded as the largest manufacturing plant built in Ohio in 1995, and resulted in an $80 million investment in the local area.
Myers said EOCC has a quality management team and workforce which enables them to be highly successful. “The company has survived through the most difficult economic times and has grown to be a first class manufacturing business,” he said. “The company takes great pride in its accomplishment and in meeting all of its covenants.
“The EODA is proud and fortunate to have such a quality company within its region,” Myers said. “The company is currently enjoying substantial growth from the initial year of producing 77,000 tons to the 276,000 tons produced in both 2002 and 2003.”
The OCC provides tin plated coils to 30 percent of the sanitary food can industry; 60 percent of the general line segment, i.e. paint cans, coffee cans and aerosols; five percent to the oil filter segment and five percent to specialty products such as cookware and battery jackets.
According to figures from EODA, the Ohio Coatings venture has created 78 full-time positions with an annual $6.5 million payroll including fringe benefits. It provides high-end industrial employment and utilizes local mechanical and electrical companies for support services.
The OCC has indirectly saved over 300 jobs at Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel’s Yorkville and Steubenville plants due to their processing and supplying 75 percent of OCC’s substrate needs.
Ney delivered the keynote address at the annual meeting, and reported the economy is recovering from its recession, but “we have a long way to go.” He said the biggest challenge to U.S. business is China.
“I realize we can’t put a wall, around our country, and something needs to be done to make competition more fair.”
He said the Chinese people have no choice in deciding how to earn their living. “The government tells them what work to do, pays them low wages and subsidizes businesses. We can’t compete with wages of 15 cents an hour,” Ney said. “I hope conditions improve for the people, not only for humanitarian reasons, but to level the playing field. All we are asking for is reciprocity in trade.”
Ney said that service jobs are meaningful and important, “but we need to keep manufacturing jobs in the United states to keep our country strong.”
Also earning excellence awards at the meeting were Resource Systems of New Concord, and The Wilds of Muskingum County, for tourism.
The EODA represents 16 counties in Eastern Ohio and serves a population of over 800,000 people with a mission to promote economic growth and to improve the quality of life in the region.
Reproduced with permission from Times Leader
© 2004 Times Leader. All rights reserved.
Copyright 2018 - Ohio Coatings Company
Telephone: (740) 859-5500 | Customer Support: customersupport@ohiocoatingscompany.com
Terms and Conditions - Privacy Policy - Equal Opportunity Employer
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Building the Great Society NPR coverage of Building the Great Society: Inside Lyndon Johnson's White House by Joshua Zeitz. News, author interviews, critics' picks and more.
Building the Great Society
Inside Lyndon Johnson's White House
by Joshua Zeitz
Hardcover, 400 pages, Viking , List Price: $30 |
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Joshua Zeitz
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The author of Lincoln's Boys presents an analysis of the Johnson administration that reveals how the legendary Great Society programs were actually put into practice, profiling major figures in the liberal reforms of the 1960s while warning readers of the consequences of dismantling at-risk programs ranging from Medicare to Head Start.
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NPR stories about Building the Great Society
LBJ Shares The Spotlight — Finally — In 'Building The Great Society'
January 31, 2018 Lyndon Baines Johnson was an outsize character who gets a lot of credit for his adminstration's successes — but he didn't do it alone, and Joshua Zeitz' new book looks at his most influential aides.
Note: Book excerpts are provided by the publisher and may contain language some find offensive.
Excerpt: Building The Great Society
January 1, 201012:00 AM ET
Put the Ball Through the Hoop
Seated behind his desk in the Oval Office, Lyndon Johnson appeared pensive and subdued when, on the evening of Thursday, November 28, 1963, he delivered brief remarks to the nation. It was 6:15, and LBJ was only in the sixth full day of his presidency. "Tonight, on this Thanksgiving, I come before you to ask your help, to ask your strength, to ask your prayers that God may guard this Republic and guide my every labor," he began. "All of us have lived through 7 days that none of us will ever forget. We are not given the divine wisdom to answer why this has been, but we are given the human duty of determining what is to be, what is to be for America, for the world, for the cause we lead, for all the hopes that live in our hearts." Reading with deliberate care from a prepared text, the president acknowledged what was surely on every American's mind: "A great leader is dead; a great Nation must move on. Yesterday is not ours to recover, but tomorrow is ours to win or to lose."
The day before, LBJ had delivered his first speech before a joint session of Congress-a solemn and widely acclaimed address in which the new president pledged to pick up the mantle from John F. Kennedy and secure passage of the New Frontier's sweeping but stalled policy agenda, including a major tax cut that Kennedy's advisers believed would stimulate the economy; aid to primary and secondary education; and hospital care for seniors. Dozens of LBJ's former colleagues from Dixie sat in stone-cold silence as Johnson affirmed to stirring applause that "no memorial oration or eulogy could more eloquently honor President Kennedy's memory than the earliest possible passage of the civil rights bill for which he fought so long. We have talked long enough in this country about equal rights. We have talked for one hundred years or more. It is time now to write the next chapter, and to write it in the books of law."
Now, on Thanksgiving, Johnson doubled down, asking his countrymen to join him in prayer "for His divine wisdom in banishing from our land any injustice or intolerance or oppression to any of our fellow Americans whatever their opinion, whatever the color of their skins—for God made all of us, not some of us, in His image. All of us, not just some of us, are His children."
For most Americans, Thanksgiving week marked the start of the holiday season. For Lyndon Johnson, it signaled the beginning of an intense, yearlong sprint to prove that he could break the logjam, achieve the New Frontier, and surpass it beyond even the wildest expectations of John Kennedy's supporters. It would be no easy lift.
"I think the Congress looks more powerful sitting here than it did when I was there in the Congress," Kennedy remarked roughly a year before his death. For well over two decades, a coalition of conservative southern Democrats and northern Republicans had stymied the expansion of domestic policies first established during the New Deal era. In the Senate, an institution that the journalist William White once dubbed "the South's unending revenge upon the North for Gettysburg," conservatives made frequent use of the filibuster to prevent social welfare and civil rights legislation from coming to a vote, while in the House powerful southerners kept such measures forever bottled up in committee. Now, in a sharp rebuke to Kennedy's promise of dynamic action and national rejuvenation, the conservative coalition had all but ground the government to a halt. Not only did the House and the Senate refuse to take up key New Frontier measures. They also refused to pass eight of twelve routine appropriations bills, thus leaving whole parts of the government unfunded and operating on a continuing resolution that set spending at the previous year's levels.
Congressional Quarterly deemed the state of affairs "unprecedented," while Walter Lippmann, the dean of American journalism, bemoaned the "scandal of drift and inefficiency" that had beset Washington. "This Congress has gone further than any other within memory to replace debate and decision by delay and stultification. This is one of those moments when there is reason to wonder whether the congressional system as it now operates is not a grave danger to the Republic." Yet as Harry Truman famously asserted, the buck stopped with the president. A week before Kennedy's assassination, the columnist James Reston noted "a vague feeling of doubt and disappointment about President Kennedy's first term. . . . He has touched the intellect of the country, but not its heart. He has informed but not inspired the nation. He is the most popular figure, but he has been lucky in his competition. . . . [H]is problem is probably not how to get elected but how to govern."
Such was the state of affairs when Lyndon Johnson entered the White House.
LBJ first came to Washington as a young congressional staff member in the early 1930s before returning to Texas in 1935 to serve as state director of the National Youth Administration (NYA), a marquee New Deal jobs project. Two years later, and against all odds, he won a special election to Congress at age twenty-eight. An ardent supporter of Franklin Roosevelt, Johnson established a more liberal voting record than most southern Democrats with whom he served in the House. Though he consistently opposed legislation to abolish the poll tax and to make lynching a federal crime, he joined northern Democrats in supporting expanded rights for organized labor, greater administrative oversight of business and industry, and funding for public works. Notably, he continued to do so long after most of his southern Democratic colleagues forged an informal alliance with northern Republicans to oppose the Roosevelt administration. On the strength of his New Deal credentials, FDR strongly backed Johnson in a special election to fill an unexpired Senate seat in 1941. LBJ most likely won the primary (in Texas, as throughout the South, the only vote that mattered), but party rivals stole it from him in a brazen display of election-night ballot fraud. Though in the coming years he aligned himself more closely with his state's oil and gas interests, when he ran a second time for the Senate in 1948, Johnson was once again recognized as the liberal option. After achieving a razor-thin primary victory over the conservative former governor Coke Stevenson-this time, it was likely LBJs allies who stole the election-Johnson drifted rightward during his two terms in the Senate, in part out of recognition that Texas was moving strongly in that direction and in part to curry favor with the chamber's powerful southern chairmen, most notably Richard Brevard Russell of Georgia. Johnson delivered his maiden floor speech in opposition to civil rights, turned against former New Deal allies who now stood accused of communist loyalty, and, in his time as Democratic leader after 1953, cooperated closely with the Eisenhower administration. Many of the liberals in his caucus came to despise LBJ, particularly after he neutered their civil rights bill in 1957. They correctly perceived that he wanted to pass a weak bill in order to make his prospective presidential candidacy in 1960 palatable to northern Democrats but unobjectionable to his fellow southerners. On the day that he assumed office, very few people knew what to make of Lyndon Johnson. Was he simply a pragmatist who, deep in his heart, remained an ardent New Dealer? Or was he a southern conservative who would betray John Kennedy's unfinished legacy?
If Johnson's belief system was a matter of wide speculation, few observers doubted his keen understanding of Congress. LBJ knew that conservative Democrats, in loose cooperation with Republicans, had willfully manufactured a bottleneck of important legislation to form a bulwark against Kennedy's civil rights bill. Only when liberals capitulated and withdrew the Civil Rights Act would southern Democrats consent to bring Kennedy's tax stimulus to a vote and fund the many government initiatives-including bridges, highways, post offices, and defense projects-that their more liberal and moderate colleagues hoped to deliver to hometown constituents. Johnson knew the playbook because, as a freshman senator, he had helped to write it. As long as conservatives could hold the government hostage, much as they had in 1949, when they successfully fought back Harry Truman's civil rights agenda, they could forestall consideration of Kennedy's New Frontier agenda, including civil rights legislation that lay dying on the Hill.
It took LBJ less than a day to spring into action. In a series of phone calls before and after Thanksgiving 1963, the new president highlighted the imperative of using his political capital to clear the logjam; then, and only then, would members of Congress feel at liberty to bring civil rights and other New Frontier measures to a vote. In the meantime, however, he would keep up the pressure. On Saturday, November 30—just over a week after assuming the presidency—LBJ asked the former Treasury secretary Robert Anderson, a Republican and outspoken fiscal conservative, to intervene with Howard Smith, the chairman of the Rules Committee, which had broad authority to prevent legislation from proceeding to the House floor. Johnson reminded Anderson that "this country is not in any condition to take that kind of stuff . . . and that's going to hurt our people. And it's going to hurt the conservatives." Anderson agreed to speak with Smith and to convey the president's willingness to support a seldom-used measure—a discharge petition—to bypass Smith's committee altogether and bring the legislation directly to the full House.
Playing the other side just as artfully, Johnson placed a call to Dave McDonald, the president of the United Steelworkers of America (USWA) and a member in good standing of the liberal coalition. "They've got to petition it out," the president instructed. "That means we got to get 219. We'll start at about 150 Democrats; that means we got to get 60, 70 Republicans." The president spoke with the passion of a true believer ("we've been talking about this for 100 years. And they won't give us a hearing on this thing, so we got to do something about it") and implored McDonald to fire up his union's formidable lobbying operation—not only to support the discharge petition in the House, but also to move the tax and appropriations bills through committee.
Before and after the Thanksgiving holiday, Johnson repeated these conversations time and again, at once lining up support for a discharge petition in the House while affirming the need to clear the logjam of tax and spending bills before making a final push on civil rights in the Senate. Among those who understood the president's strategy was Senator George Smathers, a conservative Democrat from Florida who ultimately opposed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 but who represented a faction of the southern caucus that was disinclined to grind all government to a halt indefinitely over civil rights. The "sooner we can get a civil rights bill over with," he told Johnson, "get that part of it ended and out of the way, the better off the South's going to be, and the better off the North's going to be, and the better off everybody's going to be. And they wouldn't hide behind the tax bill—and hide behind a lot of other bills, just on the pretense of being against them when the real fact is they're against the civil rights bill."
Without prompting—and without the knowledge that LBJ had been making a similar case to his economic advisers for several days—Smathers suggested that the president make a concerted effort to woo Harry F. Byrd, the deeply conservative chairman of the Senate Finance Committee. If Johnson were willing to indulge Byrd's obsession with fiscal discipline and bring the 1964-1965 federal budget under $100 billion, then the chairman might allow the tax cut to clear through his committee. "Wish you'd feel Byrd out," LBJ agreed, "and give me a pretty good, full report." Unknowingly, George Smathers would help set in motion a chain of events whose consequences would be far reaching.
The strategy that Lyndon Johnson developed in the first week of his presidency had a profound but highly calculated effect. The pressure that his supporters placed on Howard Smith—and the chairman's realization that a discharge petition, if successful, would permanently undermine his authority—persuaded the cantankerous Virginian to allow the Civil Rights Act to reach the House floor. Beginning with outreach from Smathers, LBJ simultaneously courted Harry Byrd until the patrician senator effectively agreed to swap budget cuts for a tax stimulus. With major economic legislation now cleared through Congress, the president had paved the way for passage of long-awaited civil rights legislation.
Just before the Thanksgiving holiday, some of Johnson's advisers cautioned him that presidents should not spend valuable capital on hopeless causes. "Well," he purportedly replied, "what the hell's the presidency for?"
LBJ ultimately brought his budget under $100 billion, pushed Kennedy's tax cut through Congress, and secured passage of the Civil Rights Act-all by late June 1964. He accomplished these measures while also declaring an "unconditional war on poverty" and creating the blueprint for the Great Society—the most ambitious domestic agenda since the New Deal. Though LBJ's early success owed in part to his mastery of legislative strategy, equally fundamental were efforts by advocacy groups-religious and lay alike-on behalf of civil rights and social justice legislation. Above all, Johnson benefited from a deep well of public support in the wake of Kennedy's assassination. The president's approval ratings, which fluctuated between 70 percent and 77 percent throughout the spring, owed at least as much to the country's determination to lock arms with its new leader as to LBJ's policy and political triumphs.
Unlike most of his predecessors, LBJ did not enjoy the benefit of a transition period to build the team that would help him, in turn, build his vision. Instead, he had little choice but to improvise on the spot—to pull a trusted friend like Jack Valenti along with him to the White House or entreat old hands from his House and Senate days to join him on a new and unfamiliar journey. These handicaps notwithstanding, in that first year of seemingly unrestrained activity and accomplishment—from the time of Kennedy's death to his own election to the presidency in late 1964—Johnson assembled an ad hoc staff that defied the expectations of even the most cynical Washington hands. They were a "coalition government" of Kennedy and Johnson men—a "strange amalgam of Austin and Boston, of cool, brainy Easterners and shrewd, folksy Texans, of men who had always been fiercely loyal to him and men who had fought and belittled him before the 1960 Los Angeles Democratic convention," according to Charles Roberts, who covered the White House for Newsweek. "It is some kind of tribute to Isaiah and the LBJ Way that the transition went as smoothly as it did."
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Whalebones on the shore of Red Bay
Red Bay Basque Whaling Station, Newfoundland and Labrador
Basque chalupa
Saddle Island
The Red Bay Basque Whaling station was designated as a World Heritage site by UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee under the following criteria:
Criterion (iii): Red Bay Basque Whaling Station is an outstanding example of the tradition of whale hunting established by the Basques in the 16th century for the production of oil which was transported for sale in Europe. In terms of the diversity of its archaeological remains, this is the most extensive, best preserved and most comprehensive whaling station of this type.
Criterion (iv): Red Bay Basque Whaling Station constitutes a fully intelligible ensemble of archaeological elements illustrating the establishment of a proto-industrial process of large-scale production of whale oil, during the 16th century.
Every year from the 1540s to the early 1600s, as many as two thousand Basque men and boys left their home in southern France and northern Spain and sailed across the North Atlantic Ocean. Their lucrative destination was some four thousand kilometres away in eastern Canada, along Labrador’s Strait of Belle Isle and Quebec’s Lower North Shore. Backed by ship owners and outfitters, the aim of their voyages was to hunt for North Atlantic and Greenland Right whales, render the blubber into oil on site, package it for transport, and bring it back home for market. Whale oil was a commodity highly prized in Europe as a brighter burning lamp oil and as a serviceable lubricant for leather products and an additive for paints, varnishes, and soap. The story of this industrial-scale whaling activity is thoroughly documented as an early example of economic exploitation of rich North American natural resources by European commercial interests.
Archaeological excavations carried out on land and underwater show that during the peak whaling periods of the 1580s upwards of a thousand men were working out of the whaling station at Red Bay, Labrador alone. This port, known to the Basques as Butus or Grand Bay, would have been the largest in the world at that time. The extensively used site contains all of the major elements associated with Basque whaling activity overseas; its traditions and techniques. (It is an industry the Basque would thrive in globally for three centuries). Uncovered remains include a network of more than a dozen shore stations which typically were comprised of rendering ovens, where whale fat was rendered into oil in copper cauldrons over fire pits, cooperages, workshops, temporary dwellings, and wharves. A cemetery and lookout sites are also present. Period artefacts and a massive assemblage of bowhead and right whale bones complete the collections. Also discovered in the Red Bay harbour itself, were the well-preserved remains of a number of vessels that provide an unparalleled illustration of 16th century Iberian shipbuilding technology, including four whaling ships (galleons) and a number of smaller boats used in the whale hunt.
After several decades of prosperity, Basque whaling in Canada began to decline in the final years of the 16th century. Many factors led to this decline, among them, overhunting, discovery of new whaling grounds elsewhere, climatic change, and changing political circumstances. The collective body of knowledge gained from years of terrestrial and underwater research at Red Bay has dramatically changed the understanding of the beginning of large-scale and overseas whaling, as well as the knowledge of the early European history of North America, particularly the role that the Basque played in it.
Parks Canada:
Red Bay National Historic Site of Canada
World Heritage Centre:
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Gary Busey is coming to Hitman as an Elusive Target
By Andy Chalk 2016-07-18T17:37:01.199Z
It's finally time to do what's needed to be done.
Back in March, Io Interactive held an unusual poll, asking Hitman fans if they'd rather kill Gary Busey or Gary Cole. Both are worthy choices, but in the end there can be only one—and the bullet goes to Busey.
With all due respect to Cole, I don't think it was ever in doubt. Cole is wonderfully sleazy and famous throughout the internet for the "That Would Be Great" meme, but Busey is... well, he's Gary Busey. Cole makes funny faces at blind people, and bludgeoned a baby seal with another baby seal; Busey stole a baby from a candy store, and killed the dinosaurs. His villainy is transcendental, and clearly, he must be stopped.
Busey will join Hitman at 2:00 pm CEST/5:00 am PDT on July 21 as a special Elusive Target known as “The Wildcard,” and will be available for murderizing for seven days from that time. Remember, Elusive Targets are a one-shot deal: Blow the job, and you won't get a second chance. And as PC Gamer's own master assassin's so ably (or not) demonstrated a few months ago, getting it right is a tricky bit of business.
Here's another look at the two Garys making their pre-vote cases. More information on the Elusive Busey is at hitman.com.
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Home › Vaccination & Immunity Lab 01: Vaccination & Immunity - Durable
Vaccination & Immunity Lab 01: Vaccination & Immunity - Durable
Activity 01a- A Shot to Save the World Documentary
A Shot to Save the World tells the story of the events leading up to the day in 1955 when Dr. Jonas Salk’s vaccine for polio, the most feared disease of the 20th century, was declared “safe, effective and potent.” This documentary provides insight into the dramatic medical breakthrough that brought the terrifying and crippling disease under control. The US polio epidemic in 1952 was the worst in the nation’s history, with 58,000 cases reported and over 3,000 deaths. The film is comprised of interviews with those who were involved in the valiant campaign against polio, from nurses who cared for and doctors who performed surgeries on young iron lung patients to the children and families across the country who came together to raise funds, one dime at a time, to provide care for stricken patients and to develop a preventive vaccine. The film tells the story of a disease that today is unfamiliar to many, highlights the collective relief felt when a successful vaccine appeared, and portrays the current efforts to eliminate polio permanently around the world. Video questions are included.
Activity 01b- Measles and Immunity
This lab is a simulation of a disease outbreak. Several individuals with measles have been reported at the school. The HASPI Epidemic Prevention Coalition (HEPC) has quarantined the site. No one will be allowed to return home until it has been determined whether a risk of a widespread measles outbreak exists, and whether there are enough individuals on campus who have been vaccinated to prevent an epidemic. If at least 90-95% of the campus population demonstrates immunity, a significant outbreak should be prevented through “herd immunity.” After analyzing simulated samples from the students to test for both measles infection and immunity, the class will determine whether a sufficient degree of herd immunity exists to allow the students at the school to return home.
Activity 01c- Vaccination and Immunity Probability Simulation
The class has been exposed to Wookiefacia. Probability tools will be used to determine what happens to each person exposed. Students will calculate the probability of individuals being hospitalized or dying and compare the probabilities for vaccinated vs. unvaccinated individuals.
Activity 01d- Invisible Threat Documentary
An excellent example of how young adults can actively learn the science behind immunizations is the award-winning 42-minute documentary Invisible Threat made by high school students at Carlsbad High School in California. These students set out to produce a documentary about the human immune system and uncovered a social controversy they didn’t know existed. “Invisible Threat” explores the science of vaccination and chronicles the dangers of not vaccinating through interviews with families, physicians, and experts. The film, funded through unrestricted grants from Rotary Clubs in California, has received praise from more than 50 organizations including Children's Hospitals across the country. Dr. Paul Offit, a leading expert and Chief of the Division of Infectious Disease at Philadelphia Children’s Hospital, calls it “one of the best films made on this subject.” Video questions are included.
Activity 01e- Vaccine Safety and Effectiveness
Are vaccinations safe and effective? What are the risks and benefits of vaccinating? In this activity, students will have the opportunity to conduct research on vaccines and the vaccination controversy. It is important to note that WHERE we get our research is just as important as WHAT we research. In Part I, students will do directed research to learn more about vaccines and misconceptions about vaccines, and in Part II they will have the opportunity to do some of their own research into the issue.
Activity 01f- Vaccination Survey
Students have had the opportunity to research and gain more knowledge about vaccination safety and effectiveness, but there are many individuals who remain unsure on the issue. In this activity, students will conduct a survey to determine the knowledge and opinions of individuals around them in relation to vaccine safety and effectiveness. They will also have the opportunity to share and analyze information from their classmates to get a better idea of how individuals on their campus view vaccines.
Activity 01g- Discussing the Issue
To vaccinate or not to vaccinate, that is the question! Students have had the opportunity to learn about, research, and perform a survey on vaccine safety, effectiveness, and controversies. Now it is time to discuss the issues with their peers. In this activity, students will discuss the questions and record/share their answers.
Activity 01h- Vaccination Education Project
Now that students are more educated on the issues surrounding vaccinations, it is time to share what they have learned with their peers. With a partner, students will create an informational poster or brochure to communicate some of the survey results and information they have collected on vaccination safety and effectiveness.
Other items not included. May be purchased from independent supplier listed below.
Lab # Description Count Purchase from Cost
Lab 1 Coin 1 - -
Lab 1 Deck of cards 1 - -
Lab 1 Random number generator 1 www.random.com -
Anatomy & Physiology Durables Kit
$1,00200 $1,002.00
Anatomy & Physiology Lab 01: Anatomical Language - Durable
Anatomy & Physiology Lab 02: Autopsy, Surgery, & Suturing - Durable
Anatomy & Physiology Lab 03: Homeostasis - Durable
Anatomy & Physiology Lab 05: Drug Dosage & Chemotherapy - Durable
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Blazers Insider: Level head looks past headbands, thinking caps
By Jason Quick | The Oregonian/OregonLive
View full sizeBruce Ely/The OregonianGerald Wallace (3) drives to the basket while being guarded by Patrick Patterson (54) as the Portland Trail Blazers face the Houston Rockets.
The day started Tuesday morning inside the Trail Blazers' shootaround with coach Nate McMillan showing his seldom seen, lighthearted side.
The coach emerged from the sliding-glass door separating his office from the practice court wearing, of all things, a headband.
You know, the very thing he abhors and banned Blazers players from wearing.
He wore it as gesture to newly acquired Gerald Wallace, who out of respect for his new coach, abstained from wearing a headband Sunday in his Blazers debut.
McMillan took off his headband and tossed it to Wallace. The message was clear: From now on, Wallace had the coach's blessing to wear it, which Wallace did Tuesday night.
Incidentally, the Blazers players got quite the chuckle out of McMillan's charade.
Which brings us back to the end of the day, at a solemn Rose Garden.
The Blazers were blown out for the second consecutive game at home. This time it was 103-87 to surging Houston, and believe it or not, this one was even more thorough than the beat down administered by Atlanta.
Those happy-go-lucky Blazers who give it all on the court and joke about it afterward are suddenly nowhere to be found.
There is no flow. No rhythm. No sense of team.
Where, oh where, did those pre-Wallace trade Blazers go?
"That's the million-dollar question," Wesley Matthews said afterward. "But I don't have the answer. Sorry. I wish I had more for you."
Afterward, McMillan lamented that the Blazers no longer appeared to be having fun. He wondered where the "spirit" and "swagger" that had come to define this entertaining group had gone.
"That team," McMillan said, pausing to search for the right words. "I don't recognize that team."
Of course, the popular theory had to do with a disruption in chemistry. Not only has Wallace arrived from Charlotte, but Brandon Roy also has returned after missing 30 games, and Marcus Camby has returned after missing 16 games.
"You can't just go to a park and pick up five guys and then just know where that guy is going to be," LaMarcus Aldridge said. "You have to learn what he likes, where he likes to be. And as you learn more, your chemistry gets better."
But Roy has played with this team for extended periods. So has Camby.
"But it doesn't matter," Aldridge said. "You lose timing when you don't play, so those guys aren't going to be where they were when I was playing with them, because they don't have the same timing that they had."
The catchphrase in the Blazers locker room was that everyone is "thinking too much," but nobody could pinpoint what they are over-thinking. McMillan didn't know whether the team has relaxed because it felt it was being "rescued" by Wallace, Roy and Camby, or whether it is pressing because players feel they have to "cram" their productivity into their reduced stints.
"It's mental more than anything," McMillan said. "We have to focus on team."
It's exactly why McMillan became a little irritated in his pregame address to reporters. Here we were, asking question after question about him lifting his ban on headbands.
Finally, he had had enough.
"We are making a big deal out of nothing," McMillan said.
He knew that there is much more than headbands needed to make this new cast work. It's going to take some sacrifices. Some patience. And above all, the same relentless, go-for-it effort for which this team has come to be known.
Then of course, there was Andre Miller, who remains perhaps the most level-headed guy no matter what the temperature is in the locker room.
The veteran sat and observed the reporters going from locker to locker, asking about chemistry, and having fun, and thinking too much. He looked down at his ice-packed knees and shook his head.
We had it all wrong, he said.
"It has nothing to do with chemistry," Miller said. "You are talking about three vets who know how to play basketball. The thing is, we've had a couple of bad basketball games. It happens. You have 82 games, and they are not all going to be perfect."
Whether you are wearing a headband or not.
Jason Quick
; follow him on
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You are here: Home > Handicappers > Art Aronson - Expert Sports Handicapper > Picks History > AAA’s 10* N.L. “GAME OF WEEK!” (+$12,500 Y-T-D MLB!)
AAA’s 10* N.L. “GAME OF WEEK!” (+$12,500 Y-T-D MLB!)
Art Aronson
Colorado vs. San Diego, 05/02/2016 22:10 EDT, Score: 1 - 2
Money Line: -102 San Diego
This is a 10* GAME OF THE WEEK on the San Diego Padres.
Colorado has won three straight, but we think it’ll come back down to Earth tonight against Padres’ ace James Shields. Shields (0-4, 3.55 ERA) has pitched better than what his record would indicate as he has four quality starts in his first five outings. So far Shields has been the victim of poor run support as his team has provided no runs in three of his outings, not surprisingly he has the second-lowest run-support average in the league at 1.36. Shields comes into this one off his best outing of the year, giving up one run and three hits over seven innings in a 1-0 loss at San Francisco. Before allowing four runs and six hits over seven innings in a 6-3 road loss to the Rockies on April 10th, he’d won six straight decisions vs. them. The Padres managed just three hits off Clayton Kershaw in a 1-0 road loss to the Dodgers on Sunday, spoiling their first series sweep of the season. One bright spot for San Diego remains the play of slugger Matt Kemp, who is 12 for 33 with two homers in his last eight games. And that’s bad news for the Rockies as he’s hitting .410 with nine home runs and 24 RBI over his past 15 vs. them. The visitors counter with Jon Gray (0-0, 11.42 ERA) who has been shelled for 11 runs and 16 hits over 8 2/3’s innigns in his first two starts. Gray is 0-1 with a horrible 6.57 ERA in 11 big league starts. This is a huge pitching mismatch, we like the Friars to finally get off the schneid and give Shields a bit of support today and all things considered, this is indeed the very definition of “great line value.” Play on SAN DIEGO.
AAA Sports
Dana's CINCINNATI REDS vs. CHICAGO CUBS 'BLOWOUT WINNER'
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Coatings Industry News
Falling Concrete Spurs Blame Game
Debris falling from the Ambassador Bridge led to the closure last week of three streets that run beneath it on the Canada side of the aging structure.
The largest of the concrete chunks that fell measured 22 inches across, the Detroit Free Press reported on Oct. 15.
"We believe there is a significant safety issue at this point," Windsor Mayor Drew Dilkens said in the city’s news conference on the incident, where the chunks of the fallen concrete were on display to underscore the issue.
Here's a reason we closed Wyandotte Street under the Ambassador Bridge. pic.twitter.com/xv0WT0OYqr
— Drew Dilkens (@drewdilkens) October 15, 2015
"God forbid someone gets injured or killed,” he added.
No one was hurt and no property was damaged by the falling debris.
The city’s press conference was held in an effort to persuade the bridge’s owners to make necessary repairs to the structure.
According to Chief Building Official John Revell, rusting rebar is “pushing the concrete apart.” A visual inspection of the underside of the bridge, which he performed Oct. 14, showed there was damage “almost everywhere…even the repaired areas are degrading,” he told the paper.
A Question of Trust
The Ambassador Bridge, which runs between Detroit and Windsor, Canada, is privately owned by the Detroit International Bridge Co. under billionaire Manuel “Matty” Moroun.
The 85-year-old Ambassador Bridge is said to be the busiest international border crossing in North America in terms of trade volume. Following proposed construction of the $2.1 billion Gordie Howe International Bridge two miles downriver from the Ambassador, Moroun pursued legal action to block it.
He is reported to contend that his company has exclusive rights to operate a Canada-to-Detroit span without competition, according to the Detroit Free Press. The International Bridge proposal, in fact, interferes with Moroun’s own plans to erect a new bridge between the countries adjacent to the current bridge.
The new International Bridge would likely take away 75 percent of the Ambassador Bridge’s truck traffic, the paper said, meaning Moroun would have no position from which to build his own new span.
Patricia Drury / Licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons
The 85-year-old Ambassador Bridge is said to be the busiest international border crossing in North America in terms of trade volume.
However, last month a federal judge dismissed all but one of the legal counts in the 10-year-old lawsuit.
With those legal wranglings in mind, a representative of Moroun’s Detroit International Bridge Co. suggested that the city of Windsor has its own motive in publicizing the falling debris and closing city streets, the Free Press reported.
Matt Moroun, bridge vice chair and Matty’s son, made statements implying Windsor was using the debris as a tool to hamper his company's efforts to rebuild or repair the structure and throw a favorable light on the International Bridge.
The Detroit News reported that bridge spokespersons even suggested Windsor city officials were “taunting us by criticizing the age of our bridge while simultaneously objecting to any major replacement or repairs.”
In a separate news conference, covered by CBC News, Matt Moroun vouched for the bridge’s safety: "The bridge is not crumbling. We have some old concrete that from time to time needs repair."
According to Matt Moroun, the holes visible from the beneath the bridge are from concrete in the sidewalk, not the roadbed.
"The road bed of the bridge is in fine condition. I travelled on it to get here," Matt Moroun said. "We have no intention of replacing the sidewalk until we build the new approach."
Installing a Safety ‘Net’
In the meantime, Detroit International Bridge Co. is striving to beef up the “catchment system” underneath the Ambassador Bridge, the CBC News reported Tuesday (Oct. 20).
Construction crews installing wood planks under Ambassador Bridge. Donnelly, Wyandotte and Peter St remain closed. pic.twitter.com/9tOypPruX1
— NewsPhotog (@JKryk) October 20, 2015
Workers were on site over the weekend to begin installing 2-by-6-by-12-foot long wood boards underneath the bridge, Stan Korosec, the director of security and Canadian government relations for the Detroit International Bridge, told the news agency.
The wood is meant to catch any debris that might fall from the underside of the bridge.
"We're concentrating on the areas over public right-of-ways and the city streets, even in the areas where our engineers have found that there is no danger of anything falling," he said.
Full coverage is expected to take about two weeks to install.
Windsor officials are pleased to see the work underway, but Helga Reidel, the city's chief administrative officer, told CBC News “we won't be removing our road closures at this time until we're satisfied that the work will make our roads safe."
Tagged categories: Bridges; Concrete; Corrosion; Infrastructure; Inspection; Laws and litigation; North America; Quality Control; Rebar; Safety
Comment from Mario Colica, (10/22/2015, 10:17 AM)
The repairs don't solve the problem of concrete crack. Rust must be removed. Spraying zinc could be one efficient solution
Comment from Car F., (10/22/2015, 11:03 AM)
There is a true free market champion: Mr. Maroun does not wants competition, he wants to keep the monopoly over a river crossing, has anyone ever heard anything more ridiculous than that? Of course, the lack of choice has always been the trademark of authoritarians and dictators, whether in government or industry.
Comment from Chuck Pease, (10/25/2015, 7:42 PM)
Indeed Car F Mr. Maroun would have made Milton Friedman a happy man. The Godfather of the "free market" teachings out of the Chicago School of Economics.
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Example Essays
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Australia Essays
Australia Essays (Examples)
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Australia What Steps Did the Rudd Government
Words: 1687 Length: 5 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: 23575815
What steps did the udd government take to lessen the impact of the global financial crisis? Why do you believe they took these steps?
The global financial crisis has had a profound impact on nations around the world. I applaud udd in his efforts to abate and diminish the influence of an interconnected society on Australia. On method utilized in which to diminish the impact on the Australia was to instill confidence in the financial system overall. udd first guaranteed deposits of all major financial institutions in Australia. This prevented bank runs as consumers, fearful for their money, rush to withdraw much needed funding from banks. Instead, by guaranteeing deposits, the government was helping financial institutions avoid solvency risk. With no deposits, banks would be unable to lend or conducts other financial services oriented activities. This in turn would lower the likelihood of an Australian recovery which would be…… [Read More]
1) Tom Switzer, "Australia's success story," The Asian Wall Street Journal, February 2, 2005.
2) Iain McDonald, "Australian PM expects 4% growth, sets agenda," Dow Jones, April 14, 2002, via Factiva, accessed October 1, 2008
3) IMF, "Australia: Selected Issues," IMF Country Report No. 06/373, October 2006, p. 8.
4) "A ravenous dragon," The Economist, March 15, 2008. The charges were also known as 'demurrage' charges, which could range anywhere from $50,000 to $100,000 per day.
Australia Airline
Case Study eport: Airlines
This paper provides a comparative study of the goals, management style, and labor relations policies of three Australian airlines: Qantas, Virgin Blue, and Air Australia Airways. It examines the recent history of these major airlines, with a specific focus on the labor relations difficulties of Qantas, Virgin Blue's attempt to create a more innovative model of customer service as a budget airline, and Air Australia Airway's challenge to Qantas' dominance. It suggests that ultimately Virgin Blue offers the best prospects for investment, given its track record, size, and strong human resource policies.
Organisational culture
Conclusion and summary
The airline industry has been one of the most severely-affected industries by the recent global recession. Although Australia was mercifully not impacted as much as some other nations by the recent credit crisis, because airlines have a global focus as organizations, all…… [Read More]
Air Australia Airways. 2011. Official website. Available at:
http://www.airaustralia.com/en/About/Our%20Business.aspx [Accessed: 9 Jan 2011]
Alan, Joseph. (2011). PM Gillard's Mediation contributed to early settlement in Qantas row.
International Business Times. Available at: http://au.ibtimes.com/articles/240846/20111101/pm-gilliard-s-mediation-contributed-early-settlement.htm [Accessed: 9 Jan 2011]
Australia's Proposed Ndis Australia's Proposed National Disability
AUSTALIA'S POPOSED NDIS
Australia's Proposed National Disability Insurance Scheme
The Australian Government is proposing the adoption of the Productivity Commission's Inquiry eport into Disability Care, along with its two recommendations: the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), a universal, no-fault, national social insurance scheme to fund basic services for any Australian born with, or acquiring, a severe disability, and the National Injury Insurance Scheme (NIIS), a state and territory-based scheme, which would provide lifetime support for people acquiring a catastrophic injury from an accident.
These systems will be significantly different from the existing system, in that they will be insurance-focused systems, founded on a similar modeling of the Australian public health care system, Medicare. The systems at hand propose a range of changes in the provision of services to the disabled, and the NDIS in particular is a scheme that would greatly benefit the Australian…… [Read More]
Anonymous. 2011. "Hurdle jumped in health reform," in Australian Nursing Journal,
18(7): pp. 9, Retrieved from: ProQuest Database.
Becker, H. 1997. Outsiders: studies in the sociology of deviance, Free Press, Detroit, MI.
Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs. 2010.
Australia's Foreign Policy
Australia has constantly been referred to as a middle power in terms of international relations. The term of "middle power" has been attributed to many other countries that have a saying in international relations, but that are not great powers. Although Australia is not one of the most important countries in the world in terms of international relations, it clearly plays a very important part as a political actor in regional and international politics. The fact that Australia is considered a middle power has an impact on its foreign policy agenda as there is definitely a lot less pressure on deciding in matters of foreign policy. Australia's foreign policy has influenced its image as a middle power and also its middle power status has influenced Australia's foreign policy.
Australia's foreign policy has always been connected with that of Great ritain, as Australia is part of the ritish…… [Read More]
Australia's Foreign Policy, available at http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/World-Leaders-2003/Australia-FOREIGN-POLICY.html ;
Dalrymple, Rawdon, "Looking for theory in Australian foreign policy," Symposium: Advancing the National Interest?, April 2003, available at http://www.australianreview.net/digest/2003/04/dalrymple.html ;
Darwall, Rupurt, "John Howard's Australia," Policy Review, August-September 2005;
Downer, Alexander, "Should Australia Think Big or Small in Foreign Policy?," speech held at the Centre for Independent Studies: The Policymakers Forum, 10 July 2006, Sydney, available at http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/speeches/2006/060710_bigorsmall.html;
Australia vs U S Business Culture
(Wu, 2010) When you are avoiding segregating the different groups within Australian society, you are not touching upon the racist past that Australian society had towards the Aborigines. This is important because avoiding such a distinctions is: showing respect and understanding for Australian culture.
Whether these dimensions are always apparent or if they are somehow implicit in the culture.
The various cultural differences are both apparent and hidden at the same time. This means, that within Australian society many people will use the various cultural differences on a regular basis, without paying any attention to them. For foreigners and visitors this can be problematic, because the various cultural distinctions are generally assumed to be understood by everyone such as: not being overly emotional in public. While, there are also various distinctions that are obvious to foreigners and visitors such as: speaking directly. Where, society openly encourages everyone to say what…… [Read More]
Language and Communication. (n.d.). Retrieved June 2, 2010 from AIJA website: http://www.aija.org.au/online/ICABenchbook/BenchbookChapter5.pdf
The United States vs. Australia. (n.d.) Retrieved June 2, 2010 from Convict Creations website: http://www.convictcreations.com/culture/yankaussie.htm
Workman, D. (2008). World's Most Emotional Countries. Retrieved June 2, 2010 from Regional Business Profiles website: http://regional-business-profiles.suite101.com/article.cfm/worlds_most_emotional_countries
Wu, C. (2010). Cultural Gestures. Retrieved June 2, 2010 from Tripod website: http://soc302.tripod.com/soc_302rocks/id6.html
Australia Imports the Australian Import
Words: 2631 Length: 9 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: 6628644
Gelineau reports that "the 755-foot (230-meter) Shen Neng 1 was successfully lifted off the reef Monday after crews spent three days pumping fuel to lighten it. Salvage crews later towed it to an anchorage area near Great Keppel Island, 45 miles (70 kilometers) away. Its refloating left a scar 1.9 miles (3 kilometers) long and up to 820 feet (250 meters) wide." (Gelineau, 1)
Indeed, according to environmental workers reporting on the site, this is seen as one of the most catastrophic groundings in recent decades. The report claims that it will be at least another twenty years before the immediate ecosystem can recover from the damage inflicted upon it both by the flattening of reef and marine life and by the intrusion of toxins from paint on the ship's hull into the devastated habitat. For the wildlife sanctuaries which are in the immediate surround of the impacted area, the…… [Read More]
Associated Press (AP). (2010). Barrier Reef Damage 'Severe' From Ship Grounding. Philstar.com.
Bradsher, K. (2010). Freighter on Great Barrier Reef Has Punctured Fuel Tank. New York Times.
Fleischer, A. (2002). Fact Sheet: Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Overview and Background. The White House. .
Fraser, A. & Owens, J. (2010). Fatigue Cited in Reef Grounding of Shen Neng 1. The Australian.
Australia Qs Australia International Policy
Words: 929 Length: 2 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: 61615927
A world without nuclear weapons is improbable at best. The presence of such technology and the increasing accessibility of the so-called 'nuclear secrets' that the U.S. And Soviet Union once guarded so jealously denotes that there is no credible way to eliminate the opportunity for acquisition where there is a will. Only by diminishing the desire for acquisition can we realistically consider removing the influence of nuclear weapons on the world. This is to say that the current American policy of using nuclear authority to control stockpiling is counterintuitive.
There is genuinely no situation conceivable in which it could be seen as reasonable to employ nuclear weapons. Destabilization which is met by the deployment of nuclear weaponry will only prompt a total-annihilation circumstance in which such rogue nations as North Korea would be removed of their one motive for withholding from use of nuclear arms.
At present,…… [Read More]
Robb, a. (2008). A Seat at the Council Will Cost Us Dearly. The Age. Online at http://www.theage.com.au/news/opinion/a-seat-at-the-council-will-cost-us-dearly/2008/04/10/1207420583772.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap1
Rudd, K. (2009). A Strategy for Sustainable Economic Recovery -- the Role of the g20. Prime Minister of Australia. Online at http://www.pm.gov.au/print/node/5056
Australia Curriculum Rethinking Curriculum for
In education this is particularly so, with the educator often functioning as an emissary for knowledge and perspective formulate by the culture of the nation-state. Australia's teachers are today in the difficult position of attempting to resolve this position with the needs posed by immigrant students. So denotes the text by Hassam (2007), which contends that "teachers who seek to critique the nation by deconstructing media knowledge need to consider the ethics of engaging with their students' sense of self-identity and the pedagogical risks of questioning their own authority to speak on behalf of the nation. Internationalising the curriculum means developing teaching methods and assessment instruments which will invite students to reflect on their imaginative journey into 'new' and 'different' cultures; but it will also require the teachers to reflect on their own conflicting identities and loyalties, and to make that journey alongside their students." (p. 1)
According to much…… [Read More]
Bryant, Nick (2009). Online article: "Is Australia unusually racist?" Retrieved
Carnoy, M. & Rhoten, D. (2002). "What does globalisation mean for educational change?" A comparative approach. In Comparative Educational Review, 46(1), 1-
Australia Foreign Policy Issues Which
However, this conflict in which the United States engaged military endeavors as a way to extend its ideological reach would pull Australia into a philosophically driven war that was not really its own. As with the ar on Terror, this would make Australia a peripheral target to America's many enemies.
5) if you are requested by the Australian government to review the Australia-U.S. alliance in the contemporary global context, what recommendations would you propose so as to make it more effective and better suited to serving Australia's national interests?
A primary policy objective would be to remove Australia from involvement in conflicts that are neither United Nations alliance issues or those relating to regional affairs. Such examples might be Iraq, where pressure from a powerful ally in the U.S. would provoke involvement in a war with no bearing and no threat to Australian viability or security.
Sun Tzu .…… [Read More]
Metz, Steven. (2001). The Contemporary Revolution in Military Affairs. Strategists and the Revolution in Military Affairs, in the Strategists, Hugh Smith (ed.), Australian Defence Studies Centre, University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra, 2001, pp. 99-119.
Williams, P. (1987). Deterrence and Defence in the Nuclear Age. Nuclear Deterrence, in Contemporary Strategy. Vol. 1 Theories and Concepts, 2nd. Ed. Croom Helm, Sydney, 1987, pp. 113-39.
Australia Terror Qs Australia Terrorism
The degree to which Rudd has withdrawn from Howard's hardline stance has significantly and positively altered the scenario for refugees.
7. This is absolutely the case. The War on Terror period has been veritably defined by the imbalance with which the issue has been treated. With all respect to the tragedies of 9/11 and the Bali blast, the number of casualties in these isolated incidences is miniscule compared to those provoked by disease, poverty, environmental abuse and ecological disaster. Undue attention to security concerns has sapped us of the resources to adequately confront these problems.
8. The discussion here is not as much framed by whether or not Hezbollah is correct. Quite certainly, if it was to be seen as a true political organization or governing body as recognized by the world community, it would also be forced to commitment to greater acquiescence to global military and political will. Still,…… [Read More]
Australia's Health and Hospital Reform
These insights from the Simulation were meant to be a valuable contribution and reference for the effective implementation of Australia's health reform agenda, according to AHHA director Prue Power (AHHA).
Implications on the Medical Devices Industry
The Reform Plan may also trigger a series of swift market changes for this industry (MedicExchange, 2010). A Frost and Sullivan consultant projected that the U.S.$2.3-billion medical devices market would grow at an estimated 9% between 2009 and 2012. Approximately U.S.$98 billion was spent on healthcare goods and services in 2009 alone. . Government funding for healthcare steadily increased to respond to the need for better services especially to the ageing population and increasing rates of chronic disease. The consultant predicted that the Reform Plan would open many new growth opportunities for medical device companies. He foresaw the market achieving roughly U.S.$3 billion by this year. The Reform Plan will invest in primary and…… [Read More]
AHHA (2012). National health reforms simulated in ground-breaking event. Australian Healthcare and Hospitals Association. Retrieved on April 13, 2012 from http://www.ahha.asn.au/news/national-health-reforms-siulated-ground-breaking-event-0
Mission, C. (2012). Universal healthcare facts. eHow: Demand Media, Inc. Retrieved on April 13, 2012 from http://www.ehow.com/about_567591-universal-healthcare.html
MedicExchange (2010). Australia's healthcare reforms: medical devices industry outlook. MedicExchange.com. Retrieved on April 13, 2012 from http://www.mediexchange.com/Healthcare-Reform/australia-healthcare-reforms-medical-devices-industry-outlook.html
NHHN (2010). A national health and hospitals network for Australia's future. National Health and Hospitals Network: Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved on April 13,
Australia and the Global Economy
5. Though it would seem appropriate to enlist the IAEA to conduct
investigations backed by UN Security Council Resolution, the political
roadblocks to this action are indicative of the danger in policy
inconsistency. The IAEA must conduct the same probing exercises in all
nations without prejudice to avoid creating political entitlement to
nuclear weapons only for allies of the global power structure.
6. It is true that the IAEA is essentially an impotent force. Its use
in the lead up to the Iraq War demonstrated its simultaneous capacity for
effectiveness in the efforts at non-proliferation as well as its central
weakness. When Security Council Resolutions placed the IAEA on the ground
there, it suggested that the body would perform the function for which it
was intended. However, with the obstruction of the United States to its
efforts, it also proved essentially meaningless in the face of powerful
opposition. This denotes…… [Read More]
Australia as an International Citizen
Words: 2786 Length: 10 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: 31000020
One of Kilby's contentions, however, was that Australia's hypothesis that increased economic growth would result to poverty reduction is a framework that is not responsive to the realities of poor, developing countries, which are almost always the recipients of AusAID's aid program.
The author's claim is that AusAID's thrust -- that economic growth will result to reduced poverty -- is developed from a neoliberalist framework, which is not as responsive to the "contemporary" framework in which the present state of poor, developing nations that are the recipient of these aid programs are situated in. Kilby contested that contemporary movements in the socio-economic states of poor nations do not actually adhere to the neoliberalist belief that the economy will run by itself, that is, that people's interest would influence economic behavior and the economy will work independently from other mechanisms present in the society, particularly political ones (115).
Instead of economic…… [Read More]
Kilby, P. (2007). "The Australian aid program: dealing with poverty?" Australian Journal of International Affairs, 114-129.
Mares, P. (2002). Borderline: Australia's response to refugees and asylum seekers in the wake of the Tampa. Sydney: UNSW Press.
McDonald, M. (2005). "Fair weather friend? Ethics and Australia's approach to global climate change." Australian Journal of Politics and History, 216-234.
Singer, P. And T. Gregg. (2004). How ethical is Australia? Melbourne: Griffin Press.
Australia vs Canada Two Vast
(Likewise, the Canadian comedy circuit, it must be noted, as proved a fertile stomping ground for future Saturday Night Life alumni such as Dan Ackroyd and Martin Short, amongst others.)
Australia remains condemned by the international community for its treatment of its native populace, again, another irony in a nation founded by cast-off English convicts, condemned by their own people -- who now condemn others, so it is alleged. However, recently, the Australian government issued a report stating "Australia's Indigenous people and their culture have made and continue to make a unique contribution to this country. Their contribution together with the significant contributions of the early settlers and more recent migrants has helped build the nation we belong to today." (New Agenda for a Multicultural Australia, 2003) it has renewed its efforts to better integrate aboriginal life into a livable national community, without outright assimilation.
The similarly of culture has…… [Read More]
Australia Year Book 2003. Published by the Australia Tourist Council, 2003.
Cross, Michael. "Social history." Canadian Encyclopedia 2004.
Sanderson, Marie. "Climate." The Canadian Encyclopedia 2004.
Kalman, Howard & Edward Mills. "Native Architecture." The Canadian Encyclopedia 2004.
Australia's Financial System One of
S. "increased its production of goods and services in the first few months of 2009…Alone among the developed nations that belong to G-20, it was not being sucked into a world recession" (Stutchbury 2010). Its currency even reached parity with the U.S.
One unique facet of Australia's economy not present in the other developed nation that were hard-hit by the credit crisis is the expansion of its mining sector. In the years before the credit crisis "Australian iron ore was stoking the very Chinese industrialization that in turn was recycling a massive export surplus into excess U.S. consumption, driving up Washington's budget deficits, and inflating an American housing bubble that would almost bring down the global financial system" (Stutchbury 2010:4). This sustained demand for its commodities and mining products. Technology and globalization which has spread to the developing world was strong enough to keep the Australian economic 'miracle' afloat (PNC,…… [Read More]
The financial system: Towards 2010. Australian Treasury Report. Accessed:
http://www.fsi.treasury.gov.au/content/downloads/FinalReport/overview.pdf
[May 2, 2011]
Everybody needs good neighbors. 2011. The Economist. Accessed:
Australia's Recent History Is Tied
This tax encouraged individuals who owned large tracts of land to make it available for settlers. Much of this land was held by residents of England who rarely used their land. The goal was to see the land used more productively (Commonwealth of Australia, 2004).
In 1915 the federal government instituted its own income tax as well. This federal tax rapidly swelled the country's income, and by 1918, income taxes made up one third of the federal government income and up to half of the states' incomes (Commonwealth of Australia, 2004).
This tax system was refined in 1942, with much of the federally-collected revenue being returned to the Territories and States. Currently, Australia uses a "pay-as-You-Earn" (PAYE) system for wages and salary, and a support "provisional tax" pay method for income other than wages or salary (Commonwealth of Australia, 2004).
Australia also passed a sales tax in 1930. This tax…… [Read More]
Central Intelligence Agency of the United States (CIA). 2004. "Australia." The World Factbook. Accessed via the Internet 11/1/04. http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/as.html#Intro
Commonwealth of Australia. 2004. "Australian Tax History." Accessed via the Internet 11/1/04. http://www.ato.gov.au/corporate/content.asp?doc=/content/tax_history.htm)
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia (DFAT). 2004. "Australian Government." Accessed via the Internet 11/1/04. http://www.dfat.gov.au/aib/history.html
Stevens, G.R., Dep. Gov. To S. Australian Center for Economic Studies. 2003. "Inflation targeting: A Decade of Australian Experience," in Reserve Bank of Australia Bulletin. April. Accessed via the Internet 11/1/04. www.rba.gov.au/PublicationsAndResearch/Bulletin/bu_apr03/bu_0403_3.pdf
Australia This Is an Analysis
ibliography
C News (2001). Country Profile: Australia. C MMV. http://newsbbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1250188.stm
Downer, A (1997). Australia's Foreign Policy. Canberra: Joint Service Staff College. http://www.dfat.gv.au/media/speeches/foreign/1997/aust_for_pol.html
Fergusson, RJ. (2001). From Commonwealth Servant to Regional Player. The Indo-Pacific Region 2. The Department of International Relations. http://www.international-relations.com/wbip/wblec2.hm
Foreign Policy Index. (2005) Australian foreign Policy. Australianpolitics.com. http://australianpolitics.com/foreign
Guardian Newspapers (2004). Australia's War Policy Criticized. Guardian Newspapers, Limited. http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/text8-8-2004-57617.asp
Moore D. (2002). Priorities in Australia's Foreign Policy. risbane: Australian Institute of International Affairs. http://www.ipe.net.au/priorities.html
Tenenbaum, L. (1999). East Timor Provokes Australian Foreign Policy Crisis. World Socialist Website: International Committee of the Fourth International. http://www.wsws.rg/articles/1999/oct1999/timo_014.pdf
C (2001). These include deserts in the interior, hills and mountains, tropical rainforests and heavily populated coastal strips with long beaches and coral reefs off the shoreline. Australia boasts of abundant and unique plant and animal life.
A ibid. It changed focus in the last 20 or so years from Europe and the U.S.…… [Read More]
BBC News (2001). Country Profile: Australia. BBC MMV. http://newsbbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1250188.stm
Australia Social Movements Contemporary Social
The will of external powers and multinational commercial interests would come to alter the political landscape, significantly diminishing the impact which those outside the evolving system could levy. It is thus that, Green points out, the modern anti-nuclear movement, has come to adopt certain grassroots devices for protest that denote a far greater willingness to stake a compromise. As Green reports of the anti-nuclear effort from the mid-1990s onward, "building and broadening mass campaigns gave way to reformism and individualism, in which supporters were called on to do no more than write letters to politicians, sign petitions and raise money to fund professional activists' behind-closed-doors lobbying of parliaments and business." (Green, 1)
It must be acknowledge that the nature of the current social activism movement is not thusly without its inherent risks. Most particularly, the tone on compromise which has necessarily entered into the discourse on certain subjects actually threatens…… [Read More]
Diesendorf, M. (2008). The Social Movement for Climate Action in Australia. Australian Sociological Association.
Green, J. (1998). Australia's anti-nuclear movement: A Short History. Green Left.
Jensen-Lee, C. (2004). Power, Profit and Protest: Australian Social Movements and Globalisation. The Australian Journal of Politics and History, 50.
MAWM. (2009). Understanding the Evolution of Social Movements. The Australian National University.
Australia Aging Nutrition Report Regarding
It is a collaborative program that discusses several priority issues and then subsequently uses those disease issues as markers for improvement. The work does not specifically address nutrition, nor does it specifically address the ageing population, in any way other than the fact that this segment is more susceptible than others to the sic of the seven disease/marker areas of focus; arthritis/musculoskeletal disease, cancer control, cardiovascular health, Diabetes mellitus, injury prevention and control and mental health. The last issue addressed is asthma, but this leaves out the longevity health issues associated with lung health like COPD and emphysema. (AIHW, 2000) Secondarily the plan addresses nutrition only in the manner in which it contributes to the development and alleviation of health, as it associates with the particular health priority disease or health issue. TI also does not specifically address the aging of the population or the fact that this growing segment…… [Read More]
Abbot, T. Office of the Ministry on Health and Aging, Commonwealth of Australia. Burden of Disease Report http://www.health.gov.au/internet/ministers/publishing.nsf/Content/mr-yr07-ta-abb060.htm
Australian local government population ageing action plan 2004 -- 2008,
http://www.alga.asn.au/policy/healthAgeing/ageing/plan/
Australian I Health and Welfare (2000) National Health Priority Areas
Australia Multiculturalism the Hospitality and Tourism Industry
Australia Multiculturalism
The hospitality and tourism industry desperately relies on the feelings and attitudes of its customer base. This industry was created to make people feel good in order that they spend large sums of money on the hotel or tourist activity. Therefore, it is of an extreme importance that an empathetic and understanding culture is built in the required areas. Tourism industry professionals such as hotel managers need to be aware of the many different cultures that are rampant throughout Australia and the rest of the world. The globe is shrinking and the world is getting smaller.
The Australian Government has pronounced a multicultural policy to help safeguard against some potential costly mistakes when dealing with people of scattered origins. The purpose of this essay is to review this policy and investigate its relevance to the hospitality industry. Furthermore, this essay will also address the three dimensions of Australian…… [Read More]
Australian Human Rights Commission (2008). The Right to a Discrimination Free Workplace. Legal Section Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, July 2008. Retrieved from http://www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/right-discrimination-free-workplace#10
Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Immigration and Citizenship (2009). National Agenda for Multicultural Australia. October 2009. Retrieved from http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/pdf/na-multicultural-australia-sharing-our- future.pdf
Furunes, T. & Mykletun, R. (2006). Why diversity management fails: Metaphor analyses unveil manager attitudes. Hospitality Management 262007:974-900.
Koleth, E. (2010). Multiculturalism: a review of Australian policy statements and recent debates in Australia and overseas. Research Paper 6, 2010-11, Parliament of Australia, 8 Oct 2010. Retrieved from http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Li brary/pubs/rp/rp1011/11rp06
Australia vs Saudi Arabia --
In this scenario, two companies, one from Saudi Arabia and the other from Australia, send their top representatives to discuss business matters. The Australian company is represented by a highly professional and young woman, whereas the Saudi Arabian company is being represented by one of their directors (twice the age of the Australian representative). Due to numerous cultural differences, the business negotiations may be jeopardized. According to Hofstede's framework, the Saudi representative would expect his Australian negotiator to follow his lead for two reasons: he is older and he is a man. But the Australian representative would consider her Saudi negotiator her equal because she grew up in a low power distance society and rejects old masculine gender ideas. How can potential conflicts be avoided in this scenario?
If the negotiations do not succeed in this scenario, Hofstede's basic assumptions would be validated. But the conflict here can be avoided…… [Read More]
Blodgett, J., Bakir, a., & Rose, G. (2008). A Test of the Validity of Hofstede's Cultural Framework. Advances in Consumer Research - North American Conference Proceedings, 35762-763.
BU, Z. (2008). Thinking along the Cultural Line: A Cross-Cultural Inquiry of Ethical Decision Making among U.S. And Chinese Journalism Students. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 63(2), 110-126.
Hofstede, G. (1984). The Cultural Relativity of the Quality of Life Concept. Academy of Management Review, 9(3), 389-398. doi:10.5465/AMR.1984.4279653
Hofstede, G. (2006). What did GLOBE really measure? Researchers' minds vs. respondents' minds. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(6), 882-896.
Ken Bradshaw Surfing and Then Surviving Australia
Ken Bradshaw might be used to big wave surfing, but the skills required to survive in a surfing situation are not the same skills needed to survive in the Australian desert. His mentor/guide teaches Ken Bradshaw some basics about what he needs to do to survive, and one of the most important features for survival is attitude. As the mentor states, people sometimes give up, feeling frustrated or fearful that they do not have the tools or resources they need to survive. Ken Bradshaw starts out slightly cavalier about his experience, but the first full day is when he needs to walk his ten miles.
The psychologist notes that many people like Ken make the error of over-reliance on their technological resources. Instead of using the simplest tool (boiling water) first, he relies on the chemical tablets. Yet he has only a limited number of chemical tablets. Ken should be…… [Read More]
Australia Risk Assessment Political Legal
Taxation and double taxation risks
Australia imposes taxes on resident economic entities and the Australian-sourced income of non-residents. However, "Australia's capacity to tax non-residents may be limited where the non-resident is resident in a country with which Australia has concluded a double taxation agreement (DTA)," including the United States (Ellison 2009, p.8). DTAs allocate taxing rights to the country of residence of the taxpayer (Ellison 2009, p.8).
Market risks (four Ps)
Demand and overall economic growth has remained strong in Australia (product), although high inflation (price) is of a concern for many residents. Growth tends to be centered in urban areas (place/distribution), while rural areas are often underserved in terms of goods and services. The greater diversity of Australia's growing Asian and European allow for potential new sources of economic growth (promotion and marketing).
eferences
Australia economic analysis. (2010). Economy watch. etrieved February 22, 2010 at http://www.economywatch.com/economic-analysis/australia.html
Ellison, Minter. (2009).…… [Read More]
Australia economic analysis. (2010). Economy watch. Retrieved February 22, 2010 at http://www.economywatch.com/economic-analysis/australia.html
Ellison, Minter. (2009). Doing business in Australia. Retrieved February 22, 2010 at http://www.minterellison.com/public/connect/resources/file/ebe2744c07a0264/RG-DoingBusInAus2009.pdf
Foreign exchange: Expatriates. Managing Forex. Retrieved February 22, 2010 at http://www.exfin.com/foreign-exchange-expatriates
Australia's Domestic and Foreign Policy
S. resident George W. Bush. Thus, when the blast in Bali, at the
southern point of Indonesia, directed the fury of 9/11 at a popular
attraction to Australian holiday-makers, Australia became a nation
motivated in foreign policy by the apparent threat of global terrorism.
This would be demonstrated by its unwavering willingness to follow the
United States even into its poorly-informed and ill-advised invasion of
Iraq, providing combat troops and civilian military aid. During the lead-
up to this war, in fact, John Howard would perhaps have been noted as only
second to Britain's rime Minister Tony Blair in the ranking of Iraq War
cheerleaders, appearing frequently in the media in order to endorse the
alleged provocations made by the U.S. and later proved false. Howard
echoed well the terms which Bush used to prompt war, remarking in a
February 2002 appearance that the Australian government was firm in
"backing…… [Read More]
Proportionate Response to the Terrorist Threat? Studies in Conflict &
Terrorism, 28(4), 321 - 339.
Wesley, Michael & Allan Gyngell. (2007). Making Australian Foreign
Policy. Cambridge University Press.
Australia Health Teams Health Teams
Negotiations and Referrals:
The interdependence of healthcare professionals and agencies is precipitated by a system of referral that helps to place patients in the proper care contexts. Here, negotiation is generally limited by the formality which dictates when a patient does or does not require a referral. Here, illis & Reynolds (2008) observe that "a number of health services are available to people directly in the community. These are often called primary care services. Primary care services can be accessed directly by consumers in the community without the need for referral. Most commonly, when people experience illness, they first consult a general practitioner." (p. 62) Hereafter, if the patient's condition dictates a need for more specialized attention, illis & Reynolds report that the general practitioner may refer the patient to a pathologist, a physiotherapist or a psychologist, among other potential specialists. Negotiation of these terms is conducted by parliament, which…… [Read More]
Australian Nursing & Midwifery Council (ANMC). (2010). Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia. Royal College of Nursing, Australia.
Australian Government. (2011). Health Biotechnology and Wellbeing. Health Team Australia.
Willis, E. & Reynolds, L. (2008). Understanding the Australian Health Care System. Elsevier Australia.
Australia IT's Carbon Tax in Australia Australian
AUSTALIA It's CABON TAX IN AUSTALIA
Australian Carbon Tax
The term that took the scientific world by storm in 1987 was "sustainable development," a terminology that redefined the perception on economic growth, human development and environmental conservation. Scientists, engineers, policy makers, and a practically all communities need to get involved in meeting human development needs. However, this brings on a series of problems related to sustainability, especially considering that the contemporary society is experiencing a process of regression when taking into account pollution. People presently need to come up with ingenious methods of improving society without damaging the environment. This pursuit for having economic growth without damaging the ecosystem has lead to the design of new means of creating energy, better lifestyle, change in the human behavior, overall a fresh and innovative attitude towards nature and life. But there are challenges to be faced, and most of them come from…… [Read More]
Adams, P.D., Dixon, P.B., Paramenter, B.R., and Peter, M.W., (1991). Prospects for the Australian Economy 1989 to 2029-30: ORANI-F projections for the Ecologically Sustainable Development Working Groups. Final report to the ESD Working Groups, Monash University Centre for Policy Studies
Brennan, G., (2009). Climate change: a rational choice politics view. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Volume 53, Issue 3, pages 309 -- 326
Cornwell, A. And Creedy, J., (1996). Carbon Taxation, Prices and Inequality in Australia. Fiscal Studies, vol. 17, no. 3, pp.21- 38
Freebairn, J., (2007). Policy Forum: Climate Change: Some Economic Policy Issues Economic Issues with Climate Change. The Australian Economic Review, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 402 -- 9
Australia Should Remain Neutral as
4. A demilitarized Japan has successfully functioned in the Far East ever since the end of World War II and there is no reason to change this status quo. A remilitarized Japan, as the pre-war experience has shown, will only risk creating a state of tension in the region. The situation is not that dramatic and the relationship with the U.S. continues to remain a strategic one for Japan. Withdrawing support in the Middle East does not necessarily imply that Japan is reconsidering its strategic partnership: the coalition there was called "the coalition of the willing," so it functions based on volunteering country.
5. Asia Pacific is definitely not on level 5 on Hettne's scale, mainly because the countries in this large geographic area belong to different cultures and civilization and do not always share the same strategic and economic goals. Some of the countries in South East Asia, for…… [Read More]
Australia Literature
Australian Literature: An Anthology of Writing From the Land Down Under, by Phyllis Edelson. Specifically, it will contain an analysis of "The Convict" section, and describe the reality of convict life in Australia two centuries ago.
THE CONVICTS
If the Aboriginal experience in Australia was terrible, then the convict experience in Australia was pure Hell. Some of them were not guilty of any crime, they were just sent to a prison colony because they were in the way of something, like a romance. The early convicts lived little better than animals. "I have taken grass and pounded it, and made soup from a native dog. Any man would have committed murder for a week's provisions" (Edelson 109). Once a convict, a man was no longer a man, he was simply a number. "A Thing - a Chattel - a Number - anything, rather than a man" (Edelson 116). This certainly…… [Read More]
Edelson, Phyllis Fahrie. Australian Literature: An Anthology of Writing From the Land Down Under. New York: Ballentine Books, 1993.
Australia Pizza Hut
Pizza Hut Business Assessment
A Marketing Plan for Pizza Hut (Australia)
Marketing Objectives (Assessment Part 2)
This marketing objective is a statement of what is to be accomplished through marketing activities. Marketing objectives for Pizza Hut (Australia) are:
To maintain the number one market position
To increase the percentage of pizza sales by increasing the number of franchisee delivery units with carryout facilities.
The marketing objectives can be achieved through different ways. One of them can be creating internal campaigns or contests with attractive prizes to achieve the established objectives. In July 1997, Pizza Hut organized a " Serving Up a Million" contest. It was an eight-week long contest among all Company-owned Pizza Hut stores across the country and the Odessa restaurant outperformed more than 4,000 company-owned Pizza Huts in U.S.A. The Pizza Hut manager and his staff received a check for U.S. dollar 100.000. Pizza Hut Website (1998).
Another…… [Read More]
(1998). Pizza Hut Website. Retrieved 09/30/05, from http://www.pizzahut.com
Butler, F. (1986). Hotel and Food Service Marketing.: Holt, Reinehart & Winston.
Kaufmann, P. (1993). Pizza Hut, Inc. Harvard Business
Pizza Hut (2005). About Pizza Hut. Retrieved 09/30/05, from http://www.pizzahut.com/about/
Australian Literature: An Anthology of Writing From the Land Down Under, by Phyllis Edelson. Specifically, it will contain an analysis of "American Dreams," by Peter Carey. Some Australians do not seem to recognize just what it is they have in their country, and Carey attempts to show them how they are pushing their culture away with their "American Dreams."
AUSTALIANS AND THEI COUNTY
Peter Carey's "American Dreams" is a veiled plea to his countrymen to stop thinking about America and try to appreciate what they have at home. "For our own town, my father says, we have nothing but contempt" (Ededson 166). The people do not respect what they have, or even those who live in the town. When Gleason begins building his wall, they think only the worst, and cannot think of something good or beautiful, and it is the same with how they see Australia as compared to…… [Read More]
Australian Literature: An Anthology of Writing From the Land Down Under, by Phyllis Edelson. Specifically, it will contain an analysis of "The First Days in the Trenches" and the section on WWI in the introduction.
WOLD WA I
World War I was a crucial time for Australia, and Australian independence. Australia gained independent status in 1901, but they were still under the protective wing of Great Britain, and many Australians liked it that way.
The Australians always seem to "get along," no matter where or what they are doing. They have an easygoing attitude that is charming and disarming at the same time. This attitude prevails in the stories about World War I. Only once does the author really berate the British, and that is when the officer insists men risk their lives to recover the bodies in "No Man's Land." The author says "I was disgusted to think that…… [Read More]
Australian Literature: An Anthology of Writing From the Land Down Under, by Phyllis Edelson. Specifically, it will contain an analysis of the section on relationships pages177-278. Australians have complex and demanding relationships, just like everyone else in the world. In these relationships, there seem to be less cultural aspects, and aspects that are more personal brought into play. Some Australian relationships share love, sex, and companionship, blended with the bush and brash Australian males, but most seem pretty awful.
AUSTALIAN ELATIONSHIPS
Like everyone else, the Australians have their problems with relationships, and these stories illustrate the problems, and the best things, about relationships in Australia. From this selection, it seems many Australians suffer from bad marriages, where adultery is the key to survival and any form of happiness. The men seem to philander often, and think of it even more often. The women for the most part trust their men,…… [Read More]
Should Australia Have a Bill of Rights
Australia Have a Bill of ights?
Australia is the last remaining Common Law country without a Bill or ights or Human ights Bill. It is important to note that the Australian variant of liberalism differs from the Anglo-American model in two important ways. First, the establishment of Australia as a series of British colonies under authoritarian governors and the absence of any political revolution has meant a lesser stress on the idea of individual rights vs. The state. There has been no one in Australian history to shout 'Give me liberty or give me death', no real pressure to incorporate a Bill of ights into our Constitution (owse, 1978).
Second, these factors combined with the problems of economic development in Australia and the generally inhospitable nature of the land, a staple theme of Australian literature, has meant an absence of any real laissez-faire tradition. 'Socialism' may be abhorred in the…… [Read More]
Conway, Ronald (1978). Land of the Long Weekend, Melbourne, p. 55.
Conway, Ronald (1971). The Great Australian Stupor, Melbourne, Chapter 5.
Rowse, Tim (1978). Australian Liberalism and National Character, Melbourne, p. 239.
Patapan, Haig (1997). Competing Visions of Liberalism: Theoretical Underpinnings of the Bill of Rights Debate in Australia; 21 Melb U.L. Rev. 497.
Commonwealth Bank of Australia Retail Banking Service
etail Banking Service
Premium Business Services
Marketing Strategies at CBA
Australian and New Zealand Banking Group
Western Pacific Bank
Sustainable Competitive Advantage
One Stop Solution
Commonwealth Bank of Australia:
Headquartered in Sydney, Australia, Commonwealth Bank of Australia or CBA is one of the four large banks of Australia. The bank was established in 1911 as a government bank, since then, it has seen tremendous growth. Today, Commonwealth Bank of Australia is a multinational bank with operations across United States of America (USA), United Kingdom (UK), Fiji, New Zeeland and Asia. The bank got privatized in 1996, with issuances of shares worth 1.2 Billion USD in 1991, 1.7 Billion USD in 1993, and 5 Billion USD in 1996. As of January, 2008, Commonwealth Bank of Australia was the second largest Australian listed company…… [Read More]
Anz.com. 2014. Personal - Online Banking | ANZ. [online] Available at: http://www.anz.com/personal / [Accessed: 29 Mar 2014].
Commbank.com.au. 2014. Personal - Commonwealth Bank. [online] Available at: https://www.commbank.com.au / [Accessed: 29 Mar 2014].
Commbank.com.au. 2014. Tools - Commonwealth Bank. [online] Available at: https://www.commbank.com.au/ personal/tools.html [Accessed: 29 Mar 2014].
Nab.com.au. 2014. About Us. [online] Available at: http://www.nab.com.au/about-us [Accessed: 29 Mar 2014].
Social Science 8382 Australia May Not Necessarily
Social Science 8382
Australia may not necessarily be a democracy
The term democracy has been derived from a Greek word 'demokratia' that translates to 'rule of the people' (Liddell & Scott, 1996). Democracy was famously described by Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States of America, as the 'Government of the people, by the people, for the people'. As the translation itself defines, democracy is a form of government in a country which is governed by a group of representatives elected by the people of that country on their behalf. Each citizen of a democratic system has the freedom of speech, the right to practice their religion and an equal say in the matters and decisions affecting their lives. This say is exercised through the means of a vote, which the people cast to elect probable candidates from within themselves, to manage, control and make decisions for the…… [Read More]
Democracy Index 2010. Economist Intelligence Unit Limited.
DFAT. (2008, February). Australia's system of government. Retrieved from Australian Government: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT): http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/sys_gov.html
Evatt, H.V. (1943). LIFE: The Australian Way of Life. Time inc.
Liddell, H.G., & Scott, R. (1996). A Greek-English Lexicon: 9th Edition. UK: Oxford University Press.
Should Australia Adopt a Bill of Rights
Human ights
Should Australia Have a Bill of ights?
Back between 1992 and 1994 in Australia, the Human ights and Equal Opportunity Commission together with the Australian National University (ANU) which was a center for Public Law made a publication that contained volumes of essays explaining the desirability for a Bill of ights. The survey conducted by ANU reported that over 70% of the Australians where for a Bill of rights. 8% of the citizens were against a Bill of ights, and 22% could not decide on the issue. On asking whether they wanted a referendum to assist in the determination of the adoption of a Bill of ights, over 85% of Australians supported necessity for a referendum. Their argument was that integrating a Bill of ights and implementing it to the latter, could ensure a strong national identity for Australians. The statistics explain how much the citizens of Australia…… [Read More]
Byrnes, A., Charlesworth, H. & McKinnon, G., 2008. Bill of Rights in Australia: History, Politics and Law. Australia: UNSW Press.
Heilbronn, G.N., 2008. Introducing the Law. Australia: CCH Australia Limited.
Diabetes in Australia the Australian Government and
Diabetes in Australia
The Australian government and the relevant Health agencies have for many years strived to put the diabetes menace under close observation and management. There have been massive researches and huge sums directed towards good management and possible elimination of diabetes at the national levels. This commitment is exhibited by the specialized funds and efforts like the Juvenile Diabetes esearch Fund (JDF) that has been committed to striving to mitigate the effects of diabetes from the render age of the Australians.
Since diabetes is such a big challenge to Australia as a whole, diabetes mellitus was declared a National Health Priority Area in 1996 during the Australian Health Minister's Conference and this was as recognition to the high levels of diabetes prevalence within Australia, the mortality rates that were due to it, the impact it had on morbidity and the possibility of the health improvements that can be…… [Read More]
American Diabetes Association, (2013). Kidney Disease (Nephropathy). Retrieved May 13, 2013 from http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/complications/kidney-disease-nephropathy.html
Australian Government, Department of Health and Ageing, (2012). Diabetes. Retrieved May 13, 2013 from http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/pq-diabetes
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, (2011). Diabetes Prevalence in Australia Detailed estimates for 2007 -- 08. Retrieved May 13, 2013 from http://www.aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=10737419307
Baker IDI, Heart & Diabetes Institute (2013). Diabetes: The Silent Pandemic and its Impact on Australia. Retrieved May 13, 2013 from http://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/Documents/DA/What%27s%20New/12.03.14%20Diabetes%20management%20booklet%20FINAL.pdf
Case Study Yachts Australia
Yachts Australia is a small size company owned and operated by a family, and offering charter yacht services in the heart of the Great Barrier eef; this is an easily navigable area, implying a reduced need for specialized skills.
Yachts Australia is currently being run by Alice and Paul, and it has been passed on by Paul's parents, who retired. After taking over the business, the young couple expanded its operations to complete more trips, to deliver more services -- such as catering while on the boat trip -- and they also increased the size of the YA fleet. Today, this is formed from 6 sailing yachts, 4 catamarans and 6 skippered touring boats.
In order to capitalize on the success the company was registering, Alice and Paul engaged in franchise operations, through which similar products are offered by partners along the coast. While the business model implemented generates positive…… [Read More]
Boyes, W., Melvin, M.., 2011, Fundamentals of economics, 5th edition, Cengage Learning
Bragg, S.M., 2010, Accounting best practices, 6th edition, John Wiley and Sons
Murphy, D.J., Willmott, H., 2010, Organization theory and design, 10th edition, Cengage Learning EMEA
Information systems analysis and design -- Yachts Australia case study
Cohousing a Model for Australia
Cohousing: A Model for Australia
The roots of cohousing can be traced in Denmark in the early 1960s, expanding independently and simultaneously in Holland and Sweden where it grew into an established housing model. This term is a direct translation of a Dutch word meaning living together. In the model of cohousing, residents of a community rent or own their own homes while at the same time, share the ownership of communal space and the common house that hosts community activities. The level at which members participate in activities is voluntary although the model encourages community participation. The different income resource enables household preservation and autonomy of privacy within the community (Cooper-Marcus, 2010).
In the cohousing model, common houses make the heart of the community and members share meals sometimes as a means of bringing the community together. The financial contribution of residents of at least fifteen percent of their…… [Read More]
Cooper-Marcus, C. (2010). Site Planning, Building Design and a Sense of Community: An Analysis of Six Cohousing Schemes in Denmark, Sweden, and The Netherlands. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research 17 (Summer 2000)
Durrett, C, (2005). Senior Cohousing: A Community Approach to Independent Living. Ten Speed Press, Berkeley, California.
McCamant, K. & Charles, D. (1994). Cohousing: A Contemporary Approach to Housing Ourselves, rev. ed. Ten Speed Press:Berkeley, California.
Food Choices in Australia Today Consumers in
Food Choices in Australia Today
Consumers in many developed nations are experiencing a veritable epidemic of obesity, a trend that has been exacerbated both by an increasingly sedentary lifestyle as well as the types of foods that are consumed. Fast food and high fat content have also contributed to these trends, and the healthcare costs associated with treating obesity are enormous. Furthermore, unhealthy food choices during the formative years in early childhood can also result in a lifetime of weight-related problems, making the need to identify factors that influence food choices in a given setting a timely and important enterprise. To this end, this paper provides a discussion concerning three of the most important factors that have been identified by researchers as potentially influencing food choices in Australia households, which are food availability, individual preferences for flavor and taste and, increasingly, the environmentally responsible manner in which foods are produced.…… [Read More]
Bellisle, F. (2012, January 3). The determinants of food choice. EUFIC Review. Retrieved from http://www.eufic.org/article/en/expid/review-food-choice/ .
Craig, L. (2005). The money or the care. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 40(4), 521-523.
Introduction. Contributors: Emma Costantino - author, Sian Supski - author. Journal Title: Journal of Australian Studies. Issue: 87. Publication Year: 2006. Page Number: 1+.
Grainger, C., Senauer, B. & Runge, C.F. (2007). Nutritional improvements and student food choices in a school lunch program. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 41(2), 265-267.
Government of Western Australia Department of Education's
Government of Western Australia Department of Education's Excursions: Off School Site Activities. The document describes the policies and procedures necessary for off school site activities.
Background of the Policy
It is recognized that off school site excursions have higher degrees of risk than being at the school. However, the Department of Education recognizes that off school site excursions can provide significant learning opportunities, so it does not want to eliminate them because of the risk. Therefore, it has promulgated regulations to minimize the risk during these excursions.
Purpose/Objective of My eport
The objective of this report is to provide a brief overview of the Department of Education's approach to excursions.
Analysis/Discussion
The document describes excursions as beginning with a teacher-in-charge, who is responsible for the investigation into the risks inherent with the excursion. Some of the excursions may be overnight, and those excursions require a special analysis of the risk.…… [Read More]
The Government of Western Australia Department of Education. (2003). Excursions: Off
School Site Activities. Neals.
Racism in Australia Past Present
While children should be the main targets of this approach, education can also reach other members of Australian society. Through their children, parents will be exposed to these new ideas. Seminars, plays, and other cultural events can also help open the minds of adults. In this circumstance, the unfashionable nature of racism in Australia will be beneficial; to keep up appearances, many will support and attend these events.
Thus, racism in Australia is a severe problem, impacting both individuals and the society. Most likely caused by Australia's racist past, the racist element in Australia is muted, but still quite pervasive, perhaps one of the more dangerous kinds of racism. Because of this, the best kind of response is in kind -- an educational approach. Although the situation in Australia is still tumultuous, an understanding of the kind of racism prevalent in Australia and the history of that racism is the…… [Read More]
Australians for Native Title and Reconciliation. (n.d.). Racism in Australia Facts.
Retrieved June 20, 2009, from the Australians for Native Title and Reconciliation web site. Web Site: http://www.antar.org.au/node/221
Haigh, B. (2009, Jun. 3). Racism in Australia. Retrieved June 20, 2009, from ABC Net.
Web Site: http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/stories/s2588104.htm
Australian Bill of Rights
Maintaining a feasible balance between free will and government control is a constant and historic ideal that has driven the evolution of society for thousands of years. Law has been self imposed on mankind in order to regulate unwanted behavior and streamline acceptable and appropriate lines of acceptable living. Morals, ethics and personal preferences from all segments of society should be accurately represented to design a comprehensive and ultimately fair and balanced code of conduct. hile the struggle to make sense of this seemingly perpetual argument seems to evade modern civilization, Australia's current constitutional debate is worthy of discussion.
The purpose of this essay is to evaluate both the arguments for and against Australia adopting a Bill of Rights to be included in their national constitution. I will present several arguments profiling the possible outcomes of following the status quo or implementing a new federal policy…… [Read More]
Carr, B. 2009. Bill of rights is the wrong call. The Australian.May 9, 2009. Retrieved from http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/features/bill-of-rights-is-the-wrong-call/story- e6frg6z6-1225710664130
Evans, S. & Evans, C. 2006. Legal redress under the Victorian Charter of Human Rights and Responsiblities. Public Law Review Vol 17, 2006 p260-281. Retrieved from http://www.hrlc.org.au/files/BH55WAEOSL/Evans%20-%20Remedies%20PLR.pdf
Funnell, N. (2010). Human rights abuses happen close to home too. The Sunday Morning Herald, December 9, 2010. Retrieved from http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/politics/human-rights-abuses-happen-close-to-home- too-20101209-18qps.html
Gregg, S. (2001). Pros and cons of a Bill of Rights. The Canberra Times, 29 May 2001. Retrieved from http://www.cis.org.au/media-information/opinion-pieces/article/1470- pros-and-cons-of-a-bill-of-rights-
Business Plan Australia Has the
Given the scarcity of lever machines on the market and the unique nature of the niche market, price elasticity of demand is expected to be low. There may not be many prospective consumers, but those who want this product will be keen and are unlikely to be strongly price sensitive. The best price would therefore be at the high end of the range, $1,200. This means that the selling price to the distributor would be $600, for a contribution margin of $350 per machine when sold through the distributor, or $950 if sold through the company website. These figures have been included in the contribution margin analysis.
Marketing Issues -- Place
Distribution for a niche product is a tricky proposition. Consumers are often far apart, meaning that it is difficult to use a storefront retail location to reach these consumers. The Australian market -- in particular with respect to high…… [Read More]
AFP. (2008). Coffee culture grinds Starbucks' Australian operation. AFP. Accessed January 16, 2011 from http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hh5ZejoZIuPexWy8T3R_zQIzELSg
Allen, S. (2011). Pricing strategy. About.com. Accessed January 16, 2011 from http://entrepreneurs.about.com/od/salesmarketing/a/pricingstrategy.htm
Brynjolfsson, E., Yu, J. & Smith, M. (2006). From niches to riches: Anatomy of the long tail. MIT Sloan Management Review. Vol. 47, 4, 67-71.
Carmody, K. (2004). Coffee culture. Sydney Morning Herald. Accessed January 16, 2011 from http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/04/19/1082326139253.html
Global Warming in Australia the
In clear connection with climate change, with the impossibility of plants to adapt, or their struggle to do so, is the economic effects global warming would have on the population and on Australia as a state entity. There are large parts of the continent that bases its subsistence on agricultural practices. It is by no means the sense of rural ancient agriculture; yet, despite the technologies at the disposal of the agricultural system, this may reduce its capability and productivity simply because the cropped plants cannot adapt to a different environment. In such a situation, the agricultural output is lowered and effects on the economy could become real in several decades. More precisely, "changes in precipitation and, subsequently water management, are particularly critical factors affecting the future productivity of the Australian landscape. The declines in precipitation projected over much of Australia will exacerbate existing challenges to water availability and quality…… [Read More]
CSIRO. Climate change impacts on Australia and benefits of early action to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. 2006. http://www.csiro.au/files/files/p6fy.pdf (accessed April 5, 2011).
Global Changes. Global Warming in Australia: A Climate Changing. 2009. (accessed April 5, 2011).
Litke, Mark. Global Warming Alarm: Doomsday for Australia? 2007. http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/GlobalWarming/story?id=2866985&page=1 (accessed April 5, 2011).
NOVA Science in the News. Australian Academy of Science. 2005. http://www.science.org.au/nova/091/091key.htm (accessed April 5, 2011).
Osh Mcdonalds Mcdonald's Australia and
OHS Communication and orkplace Participation:
An important mechanism in place at McDonald's is that which calls for a multidirectional channel of communication which includes agents at the government level, leadership at the corporate level, management and personnel. Accordingly, McDonald's reports that "consultation with crew and managers is essential to create a safe workplace. e believe that employee involvement in developing and updating workplace safety systems is critical." (McDonald's, p. 59) Therefore, McDonald's reports, each restaurant location creates a safety staff of between 6 and 8 employees which include one manager and selected crew members. This promotes leadership at the crew level and creates a channel through which the crew can communicate concerns and complaints to higher levels of management.
OHS Induction and Training:
At the base of its prevention strategy is McDonald's preliminary investment in training of its personnel. In light of regulations imposed by OS&H, it is incumbent upon…… [Read More]
EFF. (2004). McDonald's Australia -- A Case Study of a Multinational Operating Within the Australian Economy. Austrade.gov.au.
Kirby, J. (1998). Officials Cases: McDonald's Fined $180,000 After Worker Left Paraplegic. UnionSafe.
McDonalds. (2010). Employment and Training. McDonald's Australia CR&S Report.
Victoria State Government. (VSG). (2005). Guide to the OHS Act 2004. Occupational Health and Safety.
Female Workforce in Australia The
As we take a broader view of the Australian employment landscape, a very different picture emerges. The inaugural census of women in business (released in 2002) surveyed the top 152 companies listed on the Australian Stock Exchange and reported that women held 8.4% of executive management positions, 52.6% of companies had no women executive managers, only 17.8% of companies have two or more women executive managers, and women held just 5% of all line positions. At the Board Director level, women held 8.2% of directorships but 46.7% of companies had no women directors, and 9.9% of companies had two or more women directors. Not surprisingly, given the small numbers of women in core executive positions, just two of Australia's top 200 listed companies employed a woman as CEO. The census itself has enabled focus to be created, and will ensure the trend is positive when we next measure the number…… [Read More]
Pryor, Lisa (2005) Women lead the march back into the workforce.(survey results on female employees in Australia)(Brief Article)
Australasian Business Intelligence
NSW: Women overtaking men in workforce participation rate
AAP General News (Australia); 11/29/2005
Childhood Obesity in Australia Childhood
Development of Policy esponses
The first step in the development of these policy strategies was to identify that a problem existed with childhood obesity and frame the problem so that it could brought to light and intervention strategies debated. While some of the framing of this issue may have been based upon misinformation, policymakers did attempt to frame the problem which is in line with the Australian policy development cycle. This initial framing is an example of how misinformation can lead to poor policy decisions. When looking at childhood obesity from a policy perspective it is imperative to understand the difference between obesity prevention and obesity treatment and this has often been confused in attempts to develop policies for the Australian people (O'Dea 2005).
The Australian policy cycle is comprised of stages including problem identification, analysis of policy options, policy instrument, consultation, coordination, decision, implementation, and evaluation. While this policy…… [Read More]
Coveney, J. 2008. The government of girth. Health Sociology Review, 17, pp. 199-213.
De Silva, A.M., Bolton, K., Haby, M., Kremer, P., Gibbs, L., Waters, E., and Swimburn, B. 2010. Scaling up community-based obesity prevention in Australia: background and evaluation design of the Health Promoting Communities: Being Active Eating Well initiative. BMC Public Health, 10, pp. 65.
Henderson, J., Coveney, J., Ward, P., and Taylor, A. 2009. Governing childhood obesity: Framing regulation of fast food advertising in the Australian print media. Social Science & Medicine, 69(9), pp. 1402-08.
Hesketh, K., Waters, E., Green, J., Salmon, L., and Williams. 2005. Healthy eating, activity and obesity prevention: a qualitative study of parent and child perceptions in Australia. Health Promotion International, 20(1), pp. 19-26.
Status of Australia's External Position We Should
status of Australia's external position, we should first briefly explain the sign conventions, as they are presented in the explanatory notes 3 to 5. As such, International investment position statistics follow the sign convention used in the balance of payment: for foreign assets, "position data and any transaction increase or other flow increase in assets is shown with a negative sign." This is why all the positions noted as Australian investment abroad are marked with a negative sign, so as to show a cash flow leaving the country.
At the end of the analyzed period (September Quarter 2003), the total Australian investment abroad amounted for $477,188 million, an increase of almost $14,000 million from the beginning of the period (around 3%). The main components of the investment abroad are direct forms of investment (such as equity capital and reinvested earnings) and portfolio investment assets, these two forms of investment accounting…… [Read More]
Capital Gains Tax in Australia Capital Gains
Capital Gains Tax in Australia
Capital gains tax refers to a type of tax levied on capital gains incurred by organizations or individuals. The capital gains refer to the profits that an organization or individual selling a capital asset obtains through selling an asset at a price higher than the original price. In many countries, the amount of capital gains tax takes into consideration the type of investment and the holding period of the asset. Australian capital gains tax takes a proportion of all achieved capital gains. Capital gains are not separate tax but part of the income tax on individuals and corporations upon disposing of capital assets. Australian capital gains tax exempts personal properties such as home, car, and furniture. Australian residents in any part of the world are subject to capital gains tax.
Issue 1. Moodly's Conversion of her main residence.
Moodly being a childcare worker, wishes to…… [Read More]
OECD Tax policy studies. 2006. Taxation of Capital Gains of Individuals: Policy
Considerations and Approaches. No.14. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Pricewaterhouse Coopers. 2006. Mergers and acquisition: A global Tax Guide. New Jersey:
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
National Australia Bank the Foreign
The turnaround could only start with the restructuring of the management team. Among the different communication problems identified, one with most impact on the overall situation at the bank was the lack of communication between the managerial team and the board and, quite often, between the managerial team and the structures in its subordination (such as the auditing and risk management departments).
The new leadership had no problem to work the restructuring of the management team by simply headhunting capable people, with experience in troubleshooting, from other financial institutions. Such a complete change of the management team needed to be performed carefully, because entire personnel changes could very well have an impact on the morale of the entire bank. The challenge of the new management also became to glue together the new team.
Along with the organizational restructuring also came a need to tackle the bureaucracy that had hampered so…… [Read More]
1. Organizational Restructuring: Management & Analysis. May 2009. On the Internet at http://www.articlesbase.com/organizational-articles/organizational-restructuring-management-analysis-945103.html . Last retrieved on May 6, 2010
2. Stevenson, William; Bartunek, Jean; Borgatti Stephen. Front and Backstage Processes of an Organizational Restructuring Effort. The Journal of Applied Behavorial Science. September 2003
3. Thomson, Diane; Jain, Ameeta. Accountability and Board Functionality: National Australia Bank's experience. September 2006. On the Internet at http://www.melbournecentre.com.au/Finsia_MCFS/Monday/Stream%202/DianneThomson_paper.pdf . Last retrieved on May 6, 2010
4. Acquaah-Gaisie, G. Enhancing Corporate Accountability in Australia. Australian Journal of Corporate Law, Vol. 11, pp 139-148. 2000
Parmalat Australia Ltd Company Dairy Product Website
Words: 930 Length: 3 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: 4668978
Parmalat Australia Ltd. company (dairy product) Website: http://www.pauls..au / 1. Executive Summary: Needs outline: Brief Background issue general ? Main challenge o What problem gap existing current market o What proposal? (argument/) ? What expected result outcome? (How resolve challenge?) 2.
Parmalat Australia Ltd.
Parmalat Australia Ltd. is an important presence within the global dairy industry. The company -- like any other economic institution -- encounters both challenges as well as opportunities from both internal as well as external environments.
An important shortage faced by Parmalat is given by a combination of factors, namely international policies, global operations and distribution of perishable products. All these translate into a problem with distribution, which is counter-argued by a proposition of improvement. The suggestions made are expected to reduce the times of distribution and to decrease the costs encountered with products lost through demise.
2. The organisation
Parmalat Australia Ltd. is one of…… [Read More]
Netessine, S., Tang, C.S., 2009, Consumer-driven demand and operations management models: a systematic study of information-technology-enabled sales mechanisms, Vol. 131 of International Series in Operations Research and Management Science, Springer
Strategic planning with SWOT analysis, College of Agricultural Sciences, http://www.das.psu.edu/research-extension/dairy/teams/planning last accessed on January 4, 2012
SWOT analysis: Indian dairy, Indian Dairy, http://www.indiadairy.com/ind_swot.html last accessed on January 4, 2012
2012, Targeting strategy, Business Dictionary, http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/targeting-strategy.html last accessed on January 4, 2012
Tiwa of North Australia
Tiwi of Northern Australia
A classic in its field, Hart and Pilling's book The Tiwi of North Australia offers objective, anthropological insight into this indigenous culture. The authors' objectives are twofold, as stated in the Introduction: to provide an account of how the Tiwi functioned before colonization and to describe how the Tiwi changed after contact with Europeans and the subsequent modernization of Australian culture. The Tiwi posed problems for Christian European settlers for a number of reasons, namely their social structures and religious beliefs. The Tiwi are a close-knit polygamous society that exhibits sophisticated social stratification. The Tiwi differ from the native peoples of mainland Australia, as the authors are quick to point out. This is due to their unique geographical position on a set of islands north of Australia. Their physical isolation created an ideal state for the Tiwi to develop singular tribal characteristics and culture. Their weapons,…… [Read More]
Mcdonald's Australia the Characteristics of Multi-Channel Management
McDonald's Australia
The characteristics of multi-channel management strategies are often organized around the most effective aspects of each channel and the potential they have to contribute to the overarching marketing and selling goal (Wilson, Hobbs, Dolder, McDonald, 2004). McDonald's and their multichannel strategy across Australia, Hong Kong and the United Kingdom (UK) are unified from the standpoint of supporting the corporate messaging and branding of McDonald's. Each geography and region requires a different series of strategies and messages however if McDonald's is going to succeed. The intent of analysis is to evaluate how McDonald's structures its multichannel strategy, varying messaging, content and delivery to fit the specific expectations, needs and wants of each region and country.
Analysis of Multichannel Strategies
The case provides interesting insights into how McDonald's uses their websites as branding platforms that extend into delivering memorable, fun and unique experiences for it customers. Making the point that…… [Read More]
James B. Arndorfer. 2005. McDonald's Lovin' Its New Model. Television Week, August 1, 17.
Danielle Long. 2006. McDonald's unveils digital strategy. Revolution, December 1, 15.
Jennifer Rowley. 2004. Online branding: the case of McDonald's. British Food Journal 106, no. 2/3, (February 1): 228-237.
Smith, C.. 2007. Doing content for the kids. Marketing, October 24, 25.
U S -australia Secuirty Allaince Defense Policy
S. And hence disturb Australia's trade relations with China which could prove detrimental to its economy. Australia has to find a happy medium so that it would be viewed as a hostile neighbor in its own region: "while Kevin udd is not an alliance critic in the mold of Mark Latham he will take great care for his country not to be viewed by its Asian neighbors or extra-regional powers as a geopolitical sycophant or deputy sheriff for American agendas within or beyond the Asia-Pacific region. In some instances, a more independent Australian posture will be easier to establish and maintain… in other cases, it will be harder as Australia continues to struggle with the question as to whether it is increasingly a part of Asia." (Tow, p. 8)
It is difficult for Australia to choose its alliances and maintain cordial relations with both the Asian countries as well as…… [Read More]
William Tow, Still an Excellent Relationship: Australian-American relations in testing times, Feb 2006
Bruce Vaughn. (2008) Australia: Background and U.S. Relations. Specialist in Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade.
Commonwealth Government of Australia, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, in the National Interest, Chapter 4 section 137, Canberra 1997.
4 Commonwealth Government of Australia, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Advancing the National Interest, Overview p. xvi, Canberra 2003.
Coca Cola Australia Ads Soft
(Conniptions886 2009). Again the ad stresses the outdoor beach culture among those who have the means and leisure to enjoy it.
Coca Cola ads have not seemed to change that much over time. They have sacrificed expressing multiculturalism, without popular exception to build a following for their target market. One comparison ad done by Pepsi and much more reflective of diversity, and especially the diversity of the urban culture is the ad affectionately known as "Chain reaction." In general Pepsi seems to have somewhat let go of the beach culture and decided to focus on the massive urban youth culture. This is not to say that Pepsi has become the label of multicultural expression, as they still clearly target the white youth audience:
(Youtube user DuncansTV2008)
The Pepsi chain reaction video is a great example of the change of focus of one brand to the urban culture of the youth…… [Read More]
CocaColaChannel 2007, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXufTYF80b0
Conniptions886 2009, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8TDXFy7LSo&feature=email
Conniptions886 2009, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4o-GR2wogWE&NR=1
Conniptions886 2009): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrBxEZfejBE&NR=1
Human Rights in Australia Bearing
Another aspect which is important to be taken into account in respect to human rights issues is the right to seek asylum. The 1951 UN Convention for Refugees states that asylum seekers should be helped by the country where they seek assistance in order to prevent the return of the people in a situation which would put their lives or their integrity in danger. However, for the Australian government such a provision is less important than the actual attempt to cut down on immigration and reduce the possibility of people entering legally or illegally in the country. In this sense, there is a famous case which points out precisely this attitude of the Australian government which pointed out the fact that indeed, there is no particular desire for the Australian officials to go beyond their national interest and work for the global one. Thus, in 2001 Australia refused to give…… [Read More]
Amnesty International, 'Australia: Too many open questions: Stephen Wardle's death in police custody'. Library: Asia Pacific. (1996). http://asiapacific.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGASA120131996?open&of=ENG-AUSat 19 May 2008.
Australia accused of violating UN convention. RTE news (2001) http://www.rte.ie/news/2001/0829/australia.html
Australian Government, Human Rights. Attorney General's Department. (2008) http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/agd.nsf/Page/Humanrightsandanti-discrimination_Humanrightsat 19 May 2008.
Human Rights Watch, 'Australia: Anti-Terrorism Proposal Threatens Civil Liberties'. Human Rights Watch (2006) http://hrw.org/english/docs/2005/10/13/austra11863.htm. At 19 May 2008.
China and Australia Ties
The Economy of China and Australia dependency
The Chinese economic takeoff has captured the attention of the whole world with its
year sustained growth. It started with the implementation of Deng Xiaoping's economic reform policy in 1979. Since then, China has been the world's fastest-growing economy. For a country comprising one fifth of the world's population, with an exceedingly diverse economy, such rapid growth would have been thought impossible. To propel the country towards a modern, industrialized communist society, Mao Zedong (founding father of the people's republic of China) instituted the Great Leap Forward (an economic and social campaign to transform China from an agrarian economy to modern industrialized economy).
Due to globalization, more countries are growing intertwined to each other economically hence many nations are viewed to be moving to develop ties both diplomatic and economic in nature to the countries that are more stable in their…… [Read More]
China Internet Information Center, (2014). China's Political System. Retrieved April 23, 2014 from http://www.china.org.cn/english/Political/26151.htm
Crips T., (2014). Shift of focus for China profit hunt. Retrieved April 20, 2014 from http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/opinion/shift-of-focus-for-China-profit-hunt/story-e6frg9if-1226876133234#
Economy Watch, (2010). Economic Structure of China: Chinese Economic Profile. Retrieved April 20, 2014 from http://www.economywatch.com/world_economy/China/structure-of-economy.html
Gao Xu, (2010). State Owned enterprises in China: How profitable are they? Retrieved April 20, 2014 from http://blogs.worldbank.org/eastasiapacific/state-owned-enterprises-in-China-how-profitable-are-they
South Australia Ambulance Service Organizational Behaviour Case
South Australia Ambulance Service
Organizational Behaviour Case Analysis
ay Main should develop a system which empowers the culture of organization along with the shift towards automation and excellent customer service.
Has to do what
The leadership of South Australia Ambulance Service is required to do the following:
To set a strategic direction for SAAS this would be compatible to the new strategic plan.
Meet the service expectations of the clients by focusing more on efficient customer services.
Empower the service delivery personnel fully and hold them accountable for every action.
The expectations of donators and community should be aligned.
Make SAAS compatible to respond to mass casualties.
Workforce retention should be increased.
Emergency sector and healthcare should be integrated to respond efficiently to any casualty.
Interventions should be prioritized.
The impact of any change should be evaluated on the patient as patients' life is more important. (Daniels 2009)
The…… [Read More]
Steven McShane, Sandra Steen, (2008). Canadian Organizational Behaviour, Seventh Edition. McGraw-Hill Ryerson Higher Education; Canadian edition
Abernathy, W.B. (2006). Designing and managing an organization-wide incentive pay system. Memphis, TN: Abernathy & Associates.
Abernathy, W.B. (2006). The sin of wages: Where the conventional pay system has led us and how to find a way out. Memphis, TN: PerfSys Press.
Alvero, A.M., Bucklin, B.R., and Austin, J. An objective review of the effectiveness and essential characteristics of performance feedback in organizational settings. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management vol. 21 (2001). pp. 3 -- 29
Looking Into Impacts of International Labour Mobility on Australia
International Labour Mobility on Australia
Migration of international individuals across various countries is becoming very common these days, which is imposing many global issues, such as social, cultural and economical, in both the sending and receiving states. The main agenda of migration is to reunite the family, help labour market, develop the nation and strengthen economy. Of all the people moving to Australia, 68% consists of skilled people whereas 32% are migrated through family visa streams. The number of people who migrate and their trends change from time to time, from smaller migration programmes mostly consisting of families in 1993-94 to large scale programme with an increased number of skilled people in 2013-14 (Migration programme statistics, n.d.). This paper explains the latest developments in international labour movement in Australia.
Trends of Australia's International Labour Mobility
The skilled visa stream was introduced for the individuals who have specific skills, education and…… [Read More]
Australia's Migration Trends 2013-14 (2014). [Online]. Accessed April 21, 2016, available at: https://www.border.gov.au/ReportsandPublications/Documents/statistics/migration-trends13-14.pdf
Bastia, T., 2013. Migration and inequality, Vol. 100. Routledge.
Johnson, D. and Turner, C., 2010. International Business: Themes and issues in the modern global economy. Routledge.
Migration programme statistics. (n.d.). [Online]. Accessed April 21, 2016, available at https://www.border.gov.au/about/reports-publications/research-statistics/statistics/live-in-australia/migration-programme
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TEDWomen Update: Sydney Peace Prize Goes to Black Lives Matter Movement
Last month, the Black Lives Matter movement was awarded the Sydney Peace Prize, a global prize that honors those who pursue “peace with justice.” Past honorees include South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Irish President Mary Robinson and Vandana Shiva.
The prize “recognizes the vital contributions of leading global peacemakers, creates a platform so that their voices are heard, and supports their vital work for a fairer world.” Winners receive $50,000 to help them continue their work.
One of the highlights of last year’s TEDWomen was a conversation with Black Lives Matter founders Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi. They spoke with Mia Birdsong about their movement and their commitment to working collaboratively for change. Opal Tometi told Birdsong: “We need to acknowledge that different people contribute different strengths, and that in order for our entire team to flourish, we have to allow them to share and allow them to shine.”
This year's TEDWomen conference (registration is open), which will be held in New Orleans Nov. 1-3, 2017, will continue to expand on many of the themes Garza, Cullors and Tometi and Mia Birdsong touched on during their conversation at TEDWomen 2016. This year's conference theme will be BRIDGES. We'll be looking at how Individuals and organizations create bridges between races, cultures, people, and places — and, as modeled by the Black Lives Matter movement, how we build bridges to a more equal and just world.
In announcing the award, the Sydney Peace Foundation said, "This is the first time that a movement and not a person has been awarded the peace prize — a timely choice. Climate change is escalating fast, increasing inequality and racism are feeding divisiveness, and we are in the middle of the worst refugee crisis since World War II. Yet many establishment leaders across the world stick their heads in the sand or turn their backs on justice, fairness and equality."
Founders Garza, Cullers and Tometi will travel to Australia later this year to formally accept the prize.
Congratulations to them!
← Reflections on Ground Covered at Spotlight Health, Aspen ideas FestivalTEDWomen 2017: On the Move to New Orleans →
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The Friday Cover
The Friday Cover is POLITICO Magazine's email of the week's best, delivered to your inbox every Friday morning.
Obamas World I A Special Report
The Chinese Puppet
By DUSTIN ROASA
Dustin Roasa is a journalist based in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Early this year, on the dusty outskirts of Phnom Penh, Cambodian troops opened fire on a crowd of garment workers demonstrating for an increase in the national minimum wage. The hail of bullets mowed down the young protesters—armed with only rocks and a few rudimentary Molotov cocktails—killing five and wounding more than 20. The next day, the authorities broke up an anti-government rally at the city’s Orwellian-named Freedom Park and announced a ban on gatherings of more than 10 people, sending the political opposition’s two leaders into hiding. The message from Prime Minister Hun Sen, Cambodia’s longtime strongman, was clear: I’m in charge, and those who resist will face the consequences.
The crackdown did not come as a surprise to those who have followed Hun Sen’s 29-year rule. The former Khmer Rouge commander has stayed in power by doing everything from sanctioning the torture and execution of opposing soldiers to ordering a grenade attack on a political rival (which he denies despite overwhelming evidence). So when tens of thousands of anti-government protesters took to the streets after deeply flawed national elections last July, which ratified five more years of Hun Sen’s rule, there could only be one outcome.
The brutal suppression of the youth-led protest movement is just one aspect of broader repression: In 2013, Transparency International and Reporters Without Borders downgraded Cambodia a collective 29 places in their annual rankings. Cambodians with the courage to speak out run the risk of prison or worse, as evidenced by the recent, as yet unsolved murders of environmental activists.
And yet the United States has provided a steady stream of aid to Cambodia since 1992. More than 20 years and roughly a billion dollars later, there’s very little to show for that aid, which now tops $70 million a year. The politically connected elite in Cambodia have evicted thousands of poor people from their land in the name of dubious development projects, destroying vast swaths of protected forests and hoarding the spoils of recent double-digit economic growth as half the country lives on less than $2 per day. Meanwhile, President Obama and his top officials have cozied up to the man at the top, rewarding Hun Sen with prized visits to Cambodia, culminating in a closed-door meeting between the two leaders in Phnom Penh in 2012.
In 1997, when Hun Sen cracked down amid bloody factional fighting in the capital, the United States temporarily suspended all non-humanitarian assistance to Cambodia. Today, despite renewed calls in Congress for Washington to get tough on Hun Sen again, there is very little chance of that happening. The reason? China.
The POLITICO Mag Profile
Joe Biden in Winter
Obama's World I A Special Report
America’s 25 Most Awkward Allies
The Wonk Revolution
Are There Some Things in Politics That Money Just Can't Buy?
By SASHA ISSENBERG
As the United States looks to reassert itself in Asia, Washington is attempting to woo a Phnom Penh that has become one of Beijing’s staunchest allies. Hun Sen is increasingly willing to go to bat for Beijing in regional forums and disputes over potentially resource-rich islands in the South China Sea. China has rewarded by pledging $548 million in aid to Cambodia in 2013 alone, far outstripping U.S. assistance. With its influence severely diminished, the United States is scrambling just to keep a seat at the table. Promoting human rights has slipped from being perhaps the defining U.S. policy goal in Cambodia, as it was in the 1990s, to one of a host of strategic and economic concerns.
Particularly striking have been Washington’s overtures to the Cambodian military, which helps keep Hun Sen in power. Hun Sen uses the armed forces not only to quell dissent, but also to protect the economic interests of the elite through land grabs on behalf of business tycoons—all further solidifying his hold on power. The United States provides both training and materiel, officially to professionalize Cambodian military units and to combat drug trafficking and terrorism (in a country with virtually no threat of Islamic radicalism). Washington has also educated and trained Hun Sen’s three sons, all members of the armed forces or government, including sending Hun Manet, widely seen as his father’s chosen successor, to West Point on a scholarship.
But it’s hard to see what the United States is getting out of it. Hun Sen has made no secret that his loyalties lie with China, which he has said “respects the political decisions of Cambodia. They build bridges and roads, and there are no complicated conditions.” If anything, American policy seems schizophrenic: Military outreach competes at times in tragically direct fashion, with more high-minded U.S. aid for civil society and democracy building.
The clash couldn’t have been clearer at the recent garment workers’ protest. As recently as a few years ago, Hun Sen’s elite 911 Brigade, the squad firing into the crowd with assault rifles, had received U.S. training.
Washington And The World
Donald Trump Is Who We Thought He Was
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Lou Barletta (left), Alan Nunnelee and Kristi Noem all oppose privatizating Social Security. | AP Photos
GOP cautious on Social Security
By SIMMI AUJLA
Updated 09/22/2010 09:19 AM EDT
In a year when insurgent candidates have raced to the right to shred every bit of government spending, Social Security remains, as it always has been, completely untouchable.
Even the most ardent fiscal conservatives and tea party favorites won’t embrace partial privatization of Social Security — despite the fact that it’s a central plank in the House Republican policy “Road map” pitched by Wisconsin Rep. Paul Ryan.
Twenty of the 26 Republicans who are most likely to oust Democratic incumbents or pick up seats being vacated by Democrats have outright rejected a proposal to allow workers to invest their payroll taxes in private accounts instead of Social Security, and several of them have signed pledges to that effect at press conferences in their districts.
Many of these same candidates are on defense, pushing back against TV ads that associate them with President George W. Bush’s Social Security reform attempt in 2005. Most of these candidates have no problem rejecting trillions of dollars in other government spending. But they realize that senior citizens are the most dedicated midterm voters, so you can’t mess with Social Security — or Medicare, for that matter.
“This is the millionth and one time I am going to explain: I’m not in favor of cutting Social Security benefits. I’m not going to waver from that,” said Lou Barletta, a former Pennsylvania mayor who is challenging Rep. Paul Kanjorski (D-Pa.) for the third time. “There are those who support those ideas. I am not one of them,” he said.
Barletta has expressed conservative bona fides on other issues, like illegal immigration. But Social Security has been a huge talking point in his district, which has a large population of seniors.
In Mississippi, state lawmaker Alan Nunnelee went out of his way to publicize his views on Social Security, holding an event at his campaign headquarters earlier this month to sign a pledge stating his opposition to privatization. He surrounded himself with 20 seniors for the event.
The candidates who have tried to touch Social Security have quickly found that it’s better to express support for the program than to risk the wrath of seniors.
In South Dakota, state lawmaker Kristi Noem came under fire in May for expressing mild support for Ryan’s road map, which she called the “right direction for our country to go” in a live chat organized by the Rapid City Journal.
Kristi Noem
Lou Barletta
Alan Nunnelee
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No. 303 Polish Fighter Squadron
fabric: 100% silk from Macclesfield
finishing: handrolled
project: Jonny Leigh
Producer: POSZETKA.COM
TKANINA: wełna
Ready for dispatch on Thursday
proszę nie przyszywać metk
No. 303 ("Kościuszko") Polish Fighter Squadron (Polish: 303 Dywizjon Myśliwski "Warszawski im. Tadeusza Kościuszki") was one of 16 Polish squadrons in the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the Second World War. It was not just the highest scoring of the Hurricane squadrons during the Battle of Britain, but it had the highest ratio of enemy aircraft destroyed to their own lost (safest).[1][2][3]
The squadron was named after the Polish and United States hero General Tadeusz Kościuszko, and the eponymous Polish 7th Air Escadrille founded by Merian C. Cooper, that served Poland in the 1919–1921 Polish-Soviet War. No. 303 was formed in July 1940 in Blackpool, England[4] before deployment to RAF Northolt on 2 August as part of an agreement between the Polish Government in Exile and the United Kingdom. It had a distinguished combat record and was disbanded in December 1946.
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Trust for Architectural Easements
Receive press releases from Trust for Architectural Easements: By Email PDF Version RSS Feeds:
Garment Center Historic District Listed on the National Register of Historic Places
Garment Center Historic District's Contributing Property Owners Now Eligible for Federal Historic Preservation Tax Incentive Programs.
New York, NY, January 24, 2009 --(PR.com)-- The Garment Center Historic District has recently been listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Known for its pristine collection of 1920’s-era loft buildings as well as the source of recent zoning controversy, the historic district comprises nearly 25 blocks in midtown Manhattan, and roughly spans the area from 34th to 41st Streets, Sixth to Ninth Avenues. The Garment Center Historic District contains a total of 251 buildings, of which 215 are listed as contributing properties. Listing on the Register is an honorary designation that makes contributing property owners eligible for participation in certain federal historic preservation tax incentive programs, but does not impose preservation restrictions on affected properties.
Built almost entirely between World War I and the Great Depression for the garment industry, many of the historic district’s buildings were designed by preeminent architects working during the period, including Ely Jacques Kahn, Emory Roth, Blum & Blum, Schwartz & Gross and Starrett & Van Vleck. These buildings once collectively housed the largest garment-manufacturing workforce in the world.
The Garment Center has been the source of much controversy since the City Planning Commission’s announcement in February of 2007 that it is planning to unveil a still-pending proposal to ease the stringent zoning restrictions of the Special Garment Center District (SGCD), which is situated almost entirely within the new historic district. Enacted in 1987, the SGCD zoning requires the maintenance of approximately 5 million square feet of space for manufacturing and apparel-related uses. Industry groups and the city estimate that approximately 800,000 square feet is currently being used in such a capacity.
Landlords have long complained that the zoning is outdated and artificially depresses rents, while textile unions and manufacturers have fought to preserve affordable production space in Manhattan. Market rents for Class B and C office spaces are currently 2 to 3 times those for comparable spaces restricted for manufacturing use. The new zoning regulations are expected to drastically reduce the amount of square footage reserved for manufacturing use to as little as 350,000 square feet, thereby enabling owners to convert existing manufacturing spaces to office use.
“The federal historic preservation tax incentive programs now available to contributing property owners offer substantial economic assistance in both the maintenance and/or conversion of these important historic properties,” explains Trust for Architectural Easements representative Sean Zalka. The Federal Historic Rehabilitation Tax Incentive Program provides owners with a tax credit equal to 20% of the costs of a qualified rehabilitation of the historic property. The Federal Historic Preservation Easement Program encourages owners of eligible properties to make historic preservation easement donations to qualified organizations such as the Trust for Architectural Easements. Owners who participate in the Program are eligible to receive federal income tax deductions in exchange for the contractual assurance that they will preserve the building in perpetuity.
The Trust for Architectural Easements is one of the nation’s largest not-for-profit organizations dedicated to voluntary preservation through easement donations. The Trust protects more than 800 historic buildings across the United States and approximately 550 historic properties in New York. For more information about the Trust’s local preservation efforts, the Federal Historic Preservation Program and the donation process, contact the Trust at 1-888-831-2107 or visit www.architecturaltrust.org.
Media Brief:
Garment Center Historic District Boundaries
The historic district occupies a swath of midtown Manhattan roughly bounded by Sixth Avenue on the east, Ninth Avenue on the west, West 35th Street on the south, and West 41st Street on the north. The boundaries, generally speaking, encompass the central core of the Garment Center, out from which radiates a much wider area with related history and uses to the east and south.
Physical Layout and Resulting Vistas
Streetscapes within the district are remarkably uniform, in response to the zoning requirements of 1916 in combination with the street pattern of the 1811 Commissioners’ Plan.
Side streets:
The typically narrow east-west side streets are lined with buildings 12 to 22 stories tall (with the exception of several older, shorter buildings) that rise straight up from the lot line to a series of shallow but dramatic setbacks, creating massive brick and stone street walls with sculpted setback rooflines.
Avenues:
The three major north-south avenues are, from east to west, Seventh Avenue, Broadway and Eighth Avenue. All three have relatively uniform streetscapes of brick- and stone-faced loft buildings rising from 15 to 25 stories (again, with the exception of several older, shorter buildings; on the other hand, nine building rise from 30 to 45 stories), with the setbacks typical of the district. Seventh and Eighth avenues are regular and straight – products of the grid created by the 1811 Commissioners’ Plan – while Broadway, a much older road, curves across the grid from west to east as it runs south from Times Square to Herald Square. The three avenues share a remarkably strong sense of place.
Because Broadway is not parallel to the other north-south avenues, it cuts across the side streets at acute or obtuse angles (never at a right angle). In most cases, where there is an acute (less than 90-degree) angle, architects took advantage of the opportunity to create a chamfered corner – generally no more than one or two bays in width at the most – and often created the effect of a dramatic corner tower. A good example is the Lefcourt-Marlboro Building (George and Edward Blum, 1924) at 1359 Broadway (aka 121-133 West 36th Street), with a two-window-wide chamfered corner that rises to an angled tower 20 stories above Broadway.
Building Types and Architectural Styles
Buildings within the proposed district are for the most part commercial. By far the most common type is the loft building. Most of the district’s buildings were constructed between 1896 and 1931; not quite two dozen survive from earlier decades, another dozen from 1935 to 1957, and half a dozen from the 1960s. In recent years development has picked up, and there are several new buildings and quite a few sites under construction.
A surprising number of buildings that predate the development of the Garment Center survive in the district, and represent earlier architectural styles. These include loft buildings that predate the zoning resolution, as well as a church complex, hotels, a pre-Civil War firehouse, and many tenements. There are also a number of non-commercial buildings that date from the general period of garment center development.
Religious structures:
Holy Innocents R.C. Church, 126 West 37th Street, is a mid-19th-century neo-Gothic church whose congregational presence in the neighborhood dates back to the early 1860s, when a Roman Catholic congregation acquired the wooden chapel belonging to a Protestant church of that name on the site. The present building is a stone-faced Gothic building (Patrick Keely, 1868-70) with handsome details including leaded-glass windows with images of saints. Another religious structure is the W.D. Barbour Memorial (Hill & Stout, 1916-17) at 330 West 36th Street, a neo-Gothic settlement house, affiliated with the Brick Presbyterian Church, as was the Christ Church Memorial (Parish & Schroeder, 1904-06) just down the block at 344 West 36th Street. A modern synagogue designed by William Lescaze (1962-64), though apparently altered, stands at 560 Seventh Avenue (entrance on West 40th Street).
Public buildings:
Engine Company 26 at 220 West 37th Street is a pre-Civil-War-era fire house, built in 1857-58 for what was still an all-volunteer fire department; its simple three-story brick façade includes a cast-iron first story added no earlier than 1893. The Times Square Station post-office at 223-241 West 38th Street (John T. Dunn, 1922-22) was in fact built by A.E. Lefcourt, one of the principal developers of the Garment Center, and rented to the postal service. It is a long, two-story-tall terra-cotta clad structure with neo-Classical details including fluted pilasters supporting an entablature. The Con Edison substation at 308-312 West 36th Street (William Whitehall, 1925) and its extension at 311 West 35th Street (William Whitehall, 1928-29) is a modest structure with some classically-inspired details including a cast-stone arched entrance.
Only a handful of “dwellings” (so described in Building Department records) survive in the district. Most notable architecturally is No. 557 Eighth Avenue (Stein, Cohen & Roth, 1903) designed by Emery Roth with elaborate Beaux-Arts detailing. An Italianate style brownstone-fronted walkup of c. 1870 at 221 West 38th Street found new use in the 1890s as a rooming house “patronized mostly by theatrical people” (New York Times, 3/8/1898 p.7) during the period when these streets still belonged to the Broadway theater district.
Tenements:
Besides Engine Company 26 and Holy Innocents, the earliest surviving buildings in the district are half-a-dozen five-story tenements from the late 1860s and early 1870s. Tenements continued being built in the district into the early 1890s – there are approximately 20 in all. In style they range from Italianate and neo-Grec to neo-Renaissance.
The earliest surviving hotel in the district is the Hotel Evans at 273 West 38th Street (Thom & Wilson, 1885-86), a modest Italianate five-story brick-faced building. The Hotel York at 488 Seventh Avenue (Harry B. Mulliken, 1902-03) is a 12-story tall Beaux-Arts building with elaborate stone ornament. The Mills Hotel No. 3 (Copeland & Dole, 1906-07), at 485 Seventh Avenue, was the third in a chain of modestly-priced residences for working men. On a completely different scale is the New Yorker Hotel (Sugarman & Berger, 1928-29) at 481 Eighth Avenue, built by Mack Kanner, one of the chief developers of the Garment Center. Once the largest hotel in the city, it is a 43-story tower with Art Deco detailing. The latest hotel constructed in the district is the new Wingate Inn, 2005-07, at 235 West 35th street; another is planned for 339-345 West 36th Street.
In the first decade of the 20th century, just before the garment district began moving into these streets, the publishing industry established a presence, particularly in the northwestern part of the district, in general following the trail blazed by the New York Times Building of 1904. Though most of these date to between 1902 and 1914, several were constructed as late as the early 1920s. Among the publications and publishers represented here were the New York Tribune (later the Herald Tribune) at 239 West 41st Street (Schwartz & Gross, 1923, extended in 1929); McCall’s magazine at 240 West 37th Street (Radcliffe & Kelley, 1904-06); and McGraw (later to become McGraw-Hill) at 231 West 39th Street (Radcliffe & Kelley, 1906-08). The American Press Association had its headquarters at 225 West 39th Street (Mulliken & Moeller, 1910). Many of these publishing buildings were elaborately designed in the latest styles. The best-known of them all, the Pictorial Review Building formerly located at 530 Seventh Avenue (Renwick, Aspinwall & Guard, 1919-1920) was considered, according to the New York Times, “one of the finest and most beautiful twelve-story buildings on Seventh Avenue” (NYT, 9/16/28 p.169). Its demolition just nine years after its construction to make way for a much larger garment industry building caused much comment and criticism (see below, 530 Seventh Avenue); related buildings for the Pictorial Review still stand at 214 West 39th Street (see below).
All these buildings contribute to the visual quality and historic character of the area. The district’s chief character, however, is formed overwhelmingly by the garment center loft buildings.
Loft buildings:
The district’s loft buildings housed various aspects of the garment industry, including offices, production facilities and showrooms. Almost all were built to a height of approximately 12 to 30 stories, most rising straight up from the lot line to a series of setbacks at the top; a few rise into tall slender towers, but the majority suggest the form of a ziggurat.
Early loft buildings:
The early loft buildings, predating the 1916 zoning resolution (see Significance section) are generally narrow – occupying a typical 20’ or 25’ x 100’ lot on the 1811 grid initially intended for a row house – and rise straight up, without setbacks, as high as 12 or 13 stories. Typically, their design is a late variant on the 19th-century “base-shaft-capital” early skyscraper design modeled on the analogy to a classical column. Typical is 131 West 35th Street (Neville & Bagge, 1913-14), with a three-story stone-faced base with a very wide central bay of show windows set in a metal frame, a brick-faced shaft rising above, and the top two stories, or “capital,” set off from the rest by an ornamental band of geometrically patterned brick. Similarly designed is 142 West 37th Street (George and Edward Blum, 1914-15), the first building in the district by A.E. Lefcourt, soon to be one of its major developers. It has a three-story stone-faced base with ornamental cast-stone piers, a plain brick-faced shaft organized into bays by wide brick piers rising to ornamental stone caps, and an attic story set off from the rest by a projecting cast-stone course and capped by an ornamental band course. No. 141 West 36th Street (Buchman & Fox, 1911-12) is one of several loft buildings faced in ornamental terra-cotta with elaborate patterning including shields and rosettes.
1920s and 1930s loft buildings:
The great majority of loft and showroom buildings, however, reflect the architectural trends of the 1920s and early 1930s. Many show the preference for eclectic designs drawing on various historic styles, while others show the influence of the newly popular Art Deco. Though these buildings are often considered “vernacular,” they often demonstrate more of a flair for ornamental detail than might be expected.
These buildings tend to be more uniform in design on the side streets. A typical 1920s side-street loft building has a three- or four-story base, often stone-faced, with entrance and storefronts on the first story and bays of wide show windows above; a brick-faced shaft, with narrow square-headed windows – its bays defined by uninterrupted brick piers – rises to a series of shallow setbacks, often marked by ornament in brick or cast-stone. Generally, setbacks begin higher up either over the center bays – creating the effect of a projecting central tower – or over the end bays – creating the effect of projecting corner towers; occasionally they are organized in such a way to create an asymmetrically placed tower. Some of the grander such buildings, generally with avenue frontage, have elaborate brick and cast-stone ornament.
No. 315 W. 36th Street (George and Edward Blum, 1926) is a 16-story loft and showroom building occupying most of its site, with the typical setbacks of the building type of its period. The Blums designed 19 loft buildings within the district. In this example, they varied the building’s setbacks to create a pavilion-like arrangement. The three-story entrance area is adorned with wide sections of decorative metal spandrels with abstract floral patterns. In the area directly above the arched entry there are Art Deco style stone reliefs – including both the sills and spandrels of the upper windows, and stone rosettes above the arches. Ornament more typical of the architects’ other work appears in the upper stories: geometric patterns in light and dark brick at every setback, topped by an abstract cast-stone molding; decorative stone panels with an eight-pointed star superimposed over a diamond form, with abstract floral forms; rectangular stone panels with carefully carved swags of fruit and floral forms; and other panels with circular forms set within decorative surrounds.
Among the most elaborate such loft buildings is 135 West 36th Street (“Fashion Tower,” Emery Roth, 1925), whose façade has cast-stone Romanesque or Byzantine-inspired ornament with spiral rope moldings around the windows and decorative lion-heads, friezes of angels holding a large piece of drapery inscribed “Fashion Tower,” and polychromatic friezes of peacocks over a freight entrance. Another building with elaborate ornament is 257 West 39th Street (George F. Pelham, 1925-26), which has classical columns and arches with ornamental carved sheep heads (suggesting the wool trade) in the keystones.
The larger such buildings on the avenue, besides their greater size, generally have facades on both the avenue and on the adjoining side street. Often they have taller brick- or stone-faced bases, perhaps five stories’ worth, and more elaborate ornament at the setbacks. A good example of this type is the Arsenal Building at 463 Seventh Avenue (Buchman & Kahn, 1924-25), 20 stories tall with medieval-inspired ornament, including elaborate cast-stone ornament in floral patterns and squat piers at the fifth story with alternating geometric patterns and human figures. Another example would be the American Union Bank Building at 265 West 37th (aka 550 Eighth Avenue, Schwartz & Gross, 1925), with a stone-faced base, complex setbacks, and stone colonnades at the upper corners.
These last two years of development before the hiatus caused by the Depression saw some of the most sophisticated designs in the district by Ely Jacques Kahn.
The Bricken Textile Building at 1441 Broadway (Buchman & Kahn, 1929-30) received an unusually sophisticated architectural treatment. Kahn designed 14 loft buildings within the historic district, both in his partnership of Buchman & Kahn, then on his own, and later in the partnership of Kahn & Jacobs. No. 1410 Broadway is notable for its geometric brick patterning, in white and black brick, especially in the window spandrels; for the typical, finely detailed abstract ornamental patterns in the second-story windows, and the dramatic, geometric tower with projecting modernistic corners. Other examples of Kahn’s work in these years are the Bricken Casino Building at 1410 Broadway (1930-31) and the Continental Building at 1450 Broadway (1930-31).
Post-World War II Modernism:
Several garment center buildings of the immediate post-World War II era show the influence of post-War modernism. Emery Roth & Sons designed the Lowenstein Building at 1430 Broadway (1953-55) as a 22-story office block organized as a series of horizontal window bands separated by horizontal bands of white brick. The most notable such building, however, is 1407 Broadway (Kahn & Jacobs, 1948-50), described at the time as “a marked departure from the usual treatment of skyscrapers.”
- For a Map of the Historic District or a Copy of the Complete Nomination Report, Call 888-831-2107 .
Gabriel Seiden
www.architecturaltrust.org
Click here to view the list of recent Press Releases from Trust for Architectural Easements
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How Health Care Fails Women
Dismissed symptoms, misdiagnoses, and exclusion from clinical trials put female patients at risk. Here, the disturbing truth about gender bias in medicine—and how to get the first-rate care you deserve.
By Kenneth Miller
Katie Ernst was 19 when she first began having rashes, joint pain, hair loss, and bouts of fatigue, along with occasional heart palpitations and fainting spells. Lab tests for autoimmune and cardiac diseases came back negative. Over the next 13 years, doctor after doctor told her she was depressed or suffering from panic attacks, though she felt emotionally healthy. “I’m a go-getter,” says Ernst, now 35, a lawyer in Norristown, PA. “Being told that I was malingering was incredibly frustrating.”
After she got married, she began taking her husband to appointments for support. Finally, the couple found a physician who agreed to run more tests, which showed that Ernst had lupus (an inflammatory disease in which the body’s immune system attacks its own tissues and organs). “It was a good idea to bring your husband along,” the doctor said. “I have another patient with similar symptoms, and I’ve always assumed hers were psychosomatic.”
Just how hard is it for women to get past doctors’ biases and get effective treatments? Women having a stroke are 33% more likely than men to be misdiagnosed in the ER, with potentially devastating consequences, researchers at Johns Hopkins recently reported. Studies show that women experiencing a heart attack are also likelier to be misdiagnosed. Women have an even harder time getting a correct diagnosis for ailments that solely or mostly affect women.
For instance, about 75% of patients with autoimmune disorders are female; on average, they see five physicians over 4 years before their illness is identified, according to a survey by the American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association. In addition, more than 45% have been labeled chronic complainers. As documented in the new book, Ask Me About My Uterus: A Quest to Make Doctors Believe in Women’s Pain, by Abby Norman, women with disorders of the female reproductive system, such as endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome, face similar obstacles to getting a correct diagnosis and treatment.
Katie Ernst has become a patient advocate, and she hopes her daughters never have to suffer as she did.
Christina Holmes
Women deal with more pain
The gender divide is especially glaring when it comes to pain. According to a study published in the journal Academic Emergency Medicine, female ER patients wait longer than males to receive painkillers—a median time of 65 minutes, versus 49 for men—and are less likely to receive those drugs at all. In her new book, Doing Harm: The Truth About How Bad Medicine and Lazy Science Leave Women Dismissed, Misdiagnosed and Sick, journalist Maya Dusenbery describes a “trust gap”: the fact that women’s accounts of their symptoms are too often not believed.
A 2014 online survey by the National Pain Report found that 65% of women felt doctors took their pain less seriously because of their sex. “There seems to be an ‘Oh, she’s so neurotic’ attitude toward female chronic pain patients,” one respondent wrote.
Ally Niemiec, 27, a digital marketing manager in Atlanta, grew familiar with that experience in her early 20s, when she began suffering from frequent kidney stones. Every few weeks, she would limp into her local hospital emergency room with stabbing pain in her abdomen or lower back. Doctors there, she says, grew wary of her visits; though she’d been diagnosed with a hereditary condition known as medullary sponge kidney, which commonly causes such symptoms, they accused her of exaggerating her agony to get attention or score painkillers. Finally, they told her not to return.
Niemiec then sought help at other ERs around Atlanta but was turned away again and again. Once, she drove for hours before finding a hospital where doctors identified the source of her pain: an obstructed kidney stone that they were able to remove surgically. “Otherwise,” she says, “I would have lost the kidney.”
Eventually a cocktail of medications reduced the frequency of Niemiec’s attacks and her need for painkillers. She also joined a support group for men and women suffering from the same condition, where she learned she was not alone in being denied desperately needed care. Her fellow ER outcasts had one thing in common: their gender. “Many of the other women in the group had been accused of drug seeking when they went to the hospital,” says Niemiec. “But the men were quickly given pain meds and admitted. It’s infuriating.”
What every woman needs to know
If you feel your doctor isn’t listening to you...
Get a second opinion—or a new doctor. “There’s an increasing number of women’s health centers nationwide,” says Noel Bairey Merz, MD, director of the Barbra Streisand Women’s Heart Center at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles.
When your physician prescribes a drug...
Ask if there are dosage considerations or side effects specific to women. “As doctors, we should be tailoring the treatment plan to the individual,” says Janine Austin Clayton, MD, director of the National Institutes of Health’s (NIH) Office of Research on Women’s Health. “We need to incorporate sex-specific factors.”
If you need surgery...
Research whether certain approaches are more beneficial—or riskier—for women. “Because women are more likely than men to awaken during surgery, make sure your anesthesiologist knows any factors that could heighten that risk, including the medications you take and your alcohol consumption,” says Daniel J. Cole, MD a professor of clinical anesthesiology at UCLA.
The knowledge gap
Dusenbery blames the gender inequities in the health care system on two interlocking problems. In addition to the trust gap— in which women’s accounts of their symptoms are doubted or taken less seriously than men’s—there’s a knowledge gap that may be even more dangerous: Far less is known medically about women’s bodies and the ailments that afflict them than about men’s.
“It’s really a vicious circle,” says Dusenbery, who interviewed dozens of patients, doctors, and researchers and dove deep into medical history for her book. “Because medicine has traditionally been a male-dominated field, it has invested relatively little in research to explain women’s symptoms scientifically. Then when women have symptoms that health care providers can’t explain, those symptoms are dismissed as made up, exaggerated, or psychogenic—all in the patient’s head.”
Women having a stroke are 33% more likely than men to be misdiagnosed in the ER.
Research on women’s health issues is chronically underfunded. For example, over the past decade, the NIH has spent about $883 million annually on studying autoimmune diseases like lupus, which affect an estimated 23 million Americans—one-sixth the expenditure for cancer, which affects about 14 million. While cancer is obviously more deadly, the spending discrepancy is still striking considering how many more people are affected by lupus and how much of an impact it has on their quality of life.
Similarly, chronic pain affects 100 million Americans, and women are at greater risk of developing conditions that cause it. Though that’s more than the patient population for diabetes, heart disease, and cancer combined, pain research gets only 5% of the funding devoted to those diseases.
What’s more, women were largely left out of clinical studies for decades, in part because researchers worried that women’s fluctuating hormones might skew results. For similar reasons, scientists relied mostly on male lab animals. These practices have proved to be misguided. “We now know that sex is an essential biological variable,” says Janine Austin Clayton, MD, director of the NIH’s Office of Research on Women’s Health.
One example is cardiovascular disease; while men typically suffer from obstructive coronary disease, in which clumps of plaque block major arteries in the heart, women often have more evenly spread plaques, which prevent small arteries from dilating properly. Women are also likelier than men to develop multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease, to get lung cancer as nonsmokers, and to suffer from still-enigmatic disorders like fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. To better understand such tendencies, Clayton says, it’s “crucially important” to include both sexes in studies involving conditions that aren’t gender-specific.
In 1993, after prolonged pressure from activists, Congress mandated that women be included in NIH-funded clinical research; today, about half of participants in such studies are female. Yet many currently used therapies were developed using data compiled before that shift occurred. It wasn’t until 2016, moreover, that the NIH implemented rules requiring grant applicants to describe their plans to study both males and females in animal studies—and still the vast majority of lab rats studied today are male.
The longtime lack of women in clinical trials continues to do damage. Over the past 2 decades, for instance, numerous drugs and medical devices have been pulled from the market because they turned out to have greater adverse effects on women than on men. One study found that 8 of the 10 treatments withdrawn between 1997 and 2000 fit that description.
Examples include fen-phen, a weight loss drug that was prescribed primarily for women and caused heart problems in many patients, and troglitazone, a diabetes drug also prescribed more frequently for women that could cause liver failure. In 2013, the Food and Drug Administration lowered women’s recommended dosages of the sleep medication zolpidem, marketed as Ambien, after a spate of auto “mishaps” among drivers who’d taken it the night before; women were more likely to have these accidents because the drug is cleared more slowly from their bodies. Yet the FDA still doesn’t require most medications to be tested in ways that take gender into account. When flibanserin, the “female Viagra,” was approved in 2015, its interactions with alcohol had been tested on 23 men and only 2 women.
Health Care Resources For Women
The National Sex and Gender Physician Registry lists medical practitioners who have completed an accredited program of gender-specific medical education.
The Society for Women’s Health Research promotes research, education, and advocacy on a wide range of issues.
The National Coalition of Women with Heart Disease offers listings of physicians who specialize in women’s cardiovascular issues as well as support groups nationwide.
The American Autoimmune Related Disease Association is an essential resource for patients and their loved ones suffering from these diseases, which primarily affect women.
Medical education is still biased
Gender disparities in health care also reflect stubborn inequalities in medical education. Although nearly half of all US medical students are women, they make up only 38% of full-time medical school faculty—and just 21% of full professors, 15% of department chairs, and 16% of deans. A recent survey of medical schools in the US and Canada showed that only 30% integrated sex and gender topics into their general curriculum.
“There’s still a lot of research to be done on the differences between men and women and how that affects disease. And therefore, there’s not a lot of education,” says Rebecca Nebel, PhD, director of scientific programs at the Society for Women’s Health Research (SWHR). All these factors help explain why patients su er- ing from “women’s diseases” often have trouble finding doctors who can properly diagnose and treat them.
Meghan Cleary, a 45-year-old writer in Los Angeles, had suffered from crippling menstrual cramps and pelvic pain since her teens. “The first doctor I went to told me I needed to get in touch with my body,” she recalls. Other health professionals prescribed exercise or laxatives, or suggested she just accept her suffering. She was finally diagnosed with endometriosis (a disorder in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of the organ) in 2016, when a surgeon told her he’d burned away some endometriosis lesions while removing a uterine fibroid.
Meghan Cleary searched for decades before getting proper treatment for endometriosis.
But that treatment only made her symptoms worse. After learning, through online research, about wide surgical excision—considered the gold standard therapy for endometriosis—she decided to have a top specialist in Northern California do the procedure, even though he didn’t accept her insurance plan. (She petitioned her insurer, which did eventually pay for the surgery—an unusual outcome, she says.)
“Don’t let anyone dismiss you, because you’re the expert on your body.”
The operation was a success—“I’m not in chronic pain with my period anymore”—and Cleary says it was worth seeking out a specialist trained in performing that procedure. She later launched an informational website, Bad Periods, for women with menstrual disorders. “This whole experience has transformed my life,” she says. But it angers her that the procedure isn’t more widely available. “You’ve got millions of women who’ve had multiple instances of these burning surgeries with no relief. Yet ob-gyns don’t learn about the latest techniques for treating this disease in medical school. It’s really heartbreaking.”
Maya Dusenbery agrees. “You shouldn’t have to be a super informed patient in order to get proper medical care,” she says. Organizations like SWHR, the American Medical Women’s Association, the National Women’s Health Network, and theSex and Gender Women’s Health Collaborative are working to make that unnecessary by promoting gender equity in medical research, education, and practice. But as long as the trust and knowledge gaps persist, Dusenbery advises, women need to navigate carefully when they step into a doctor’s office. “The important thing is to trust yourself. Don’t let anyone dismiss you, because you’re the expert on your body. Instead of second-guessing yourself, get a second opinion.”
Katie Ernst, now in remission from lupus, offers similar counsel on her blog, Miss·Treated, where women who’ve encountered gender bias in health care can share their stories and find resources. “I have two daughters, and one of them may end up having the same problems I do,”Ernst says.“I’m a realist. I don’t expect that medicine will ever have all the answers. What’s crucial is that doctors learn to listen to women and respect their lived experience. More than anything else, I pray that my daughters will be believed.”
Kenneth Miller Kenneth Miller lives in California.
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These Medications Affect Women Differently Than Men. So Why Aren't They Being Studied In Women?
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Growing up in Texas as one of six siblings, Armiger knew from a young age that she was destined to pursue a career in country music. After winning a talent contest at age 14, sponsored by a Houston radio station, she came to Nashville for the first time to record the demo sessions that were her prize. Those demos soon turned into a full album, which led to a recording deal with Cold River Records. By 16, she had an apartment in Nashville and was traveling back and forth from Texas regularly while being home schooled for her last two years of high school. A week after she turned 18, she made the move to Nashville more permanent.
She admits there have been some challenges that have gone along with starting a music career as a teen. “A lot of times when you’re young people don’t take you seriously, or they think you don’t know what you want,” the strong-willed star says. “You just have to prove them wrong. You have to keep making good music, keep releasing it and hope that you get the point across to them eventually that you’re not going away.”
Over the last six years, she’s been determinedly chipping away at the Nashville music system, making particular headway in the last two. She landed a coveted performance slot on the Grand Ole Opry, a gig she calls “such a dream come true.” (Armiger, in fact, named her dog “Opry” to mark the occasion). She also recently completed a 70-date college tour, which she amusingly titled the “Get Smart” tour. The GAC-sponsored run played to sold-out audiences nationwide, and was a tipping point for her career.
Touring hard has been a big part of her success to date. In 2012, Armiger and her band were typically on the road three weeks out of every month (with dog Opry in tow). Her extensive touring experience includes opening slots for some of country music’s biggest artists including Brad Paisley, Dierks Bentley, Little Big Town, Eli Young Band, Darius Rucker, Josh Turner, Rodney Atkins and Kellie Pickler, among others.
Her success has also extended to the media, where she performed during a pivotal date on ABC’s hit show “Bachelor Pad.” Every video she has released in the last three years has been voted by fans onto GAC’s “Top 20 Countdown” including “Leaving Home,” which lodged itself in the countdown for an astonishing four-and-a-half months.
Fan votes also netted her the No. 1 spot in Country Weekly’s Hottest Bachelorette issue two years in a row, as well as the No. 3 slot in the magazine’s most beautiful women in country music list. Armiger jokes that those accolades bring with them their own set of pressures.
“I always feel honored,” she says, “but also a little bit anxious because I always want to try to live up to that and not go out of the house in my sweatpants with no makeup.”
Appearances aside, Armiger couldn’t be more proud of how Fall Into Me came together. She says of her considerable fan base, “I’m hoping that they can listen to the music and not only really get exactly where my head is, but can relate to it as well.”
Fall Into Me Artist: Katie Armiger
Katie Armiger is not new to the music scene. In fact, her list of achieved accomplishments to date rival entir...
Katie Armiger video for "Best Song Ever"
Fall Into Me Katie Armiger
Katie Armiger is not new to the music scene. In fact, her list of achieved accomplishments to date rival entire careers of other artists. Twenty-one y…
Confessions Of A Nice Girl (Eu… Katie Armiger
Confident, secure bold, assertive,vulnerable and in-your-face could describe both the songs on the album 'Confessions of a Nice Girl' as well as the…
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sons:Now the _________ of Issachar were, Tola, and Puah, Jashub, and Shimrom, four. twenty:And the sons of Tola; Uzzi, and Rephaiah, and Jeriel, and Jahmai, and Jibsam, and Shemuel, heads of their father's house, to wit, of Tola: they were valiant men of might in their generations; whose number was in the days of David two and _________ thousand and six hundred. Izrahiah:And the sons of Uzzi; _________: and the sons of Izrahiah; Michael, and Obadiah, and Joel, Ishiah, five: all of them chief men. soldiers:And with them, by their generations, after the house of their fathers, were bands of _________ for war, six and thirty thousand men: for they had many wives and sons. their:And their brethren among all the families of Issachar were valiant men of might, reckoned in all by _________ genealogies fourscore and seven thousand. Benjamin:The sons of _________; Bela, and Becher, and Jediael, three. house:And the sons of Bela; Ezbon, and Uzzi, and Uzziel, and Jerimoth, and Iri, five; heads of the _________ of their fathers, mighty men of valour; and were reckoned by their genealogies twenty and two thousand and thirty and four. Elioenai:And the sons of Becher; Zemira, and Joash, and Eliezer, and _________, and Omri, and Jerimoth, and Abiah, and Anathoth, and Alameth. All these are the sons of Becher. genealogy:And the number of them, after their _________ by their generations, heads of the house of their fathers, mighty men of valour, was twenty thousand and two hundred. Chenaanah:The sons also of Jediael; Bilhan: and the sons of Bilhan; Jeush, and Benjamin, and Ehud, and _________, and Zethan, and Tharshish, and Ahishahar. these:All _________ the sons of Jediael, by the heads of their fathers, mighty men of valour, were seventeen thousand and two hundred soldiers, fit to go out for war and battle. children:Shuppim also, and Huppim, the _________ of Ir, and Hushim, the sons of Aher. Jahziel:The sons of Naphtali; _________, and Guni, and Jezer, and Shallum, the sons of Bilhah. Manasseh:The sons of _________; Ashriel, whom she bare: (but his concubine the Aramitess bare Machir the father of Gilead: second:And Machir took to wife the sister of Huppim and Shuppim, whose sister's name was Maachah;) and the name of the _________ was Zelophehad: and Zelophehad had daughters. name:And Maachah the wife of Machir bare a son, and she called his _________ Peresh; and the name of his brother was Sheresh; and his sons were Ulam and Rakem. Bedan:And the sons of Ulam; _________. These were the sons of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh. sister:And his _________ Hammoleketh bare Ishod, and Abiezer, and Mahalah. Shechem:And the sons of Shemidah were, Ahian, and _________, and Likhi, and Aniam. Bered:And the sons of Ephraim; Shuthelah, and _________ his son, and Tahath his son, and Eladah his son, and Tahath his son, came:And Zabad his son, and Shuthelah his son, and Ezer, and Elead, whom the men of Gath that were born in that land slew, because they _________ down to take away their cattle. mourned:And Ephraim their father _________ many days, and his brethren came to comfort him. Beriah:And when he went in to his wife, she conceived, and bare a son, and he called his name _________, because it went evil with his house. daughter:(And his _________ was Sherah, who built Bethhoron the nether, and the upper, and Uzzensherah.) Tahan:And Rephah was his son, also Resheph, and Telah his son, and _________ his son. Ammihud:Laadan his son, _________ his son, Elishama his son. Jehoshuah:Non his son, _________ his son. towns:And their possessions and habitations were, Bethel and the towns thereof, and eastward Naaran, and westward Gezer, with the towns thereof; Shechem also and the towns thereof, unto Gaza and the _________ thereof: Israel:And by the borders of the children of Manasseh, Bethshean and her towns, Taanach and her towns, Megiddo and her towns, Dor and her towns. In these dwelt the children of Joseph the son of _________. Ishuai:The sons of Asher; Imnah, and Isuah, and _________, and Beriah, and Serah their sister. Malchiel:And the sons of Beriah; Heber, and _________, who is the father of Birzavith. Japhlet:And Heber begat _________, and Shomer, and Hotham, and Shua their sister. Ashvath:And the sons of Japhlet; Pasach, and Bimhal, and _________. These are the children of Japhlet. Shamer:And the sons of _________; Ahi, and Rohgah, Jehubbah, and Aram. Shelesh:And the sons of his brother Helem; Zophah, and Imna, and _________, and Amal. Shual:The sons of Zophah; Suah, and Harnepher, and _________, and Beri, and Imrah, Shamma:Bezer, and Hod, and _________, and Shilshah, and Ithran, and Beera. Jether:And the sons of _________; Jephunneh, and Pispah, and Ara. Haniel:And the sons of Ulla; Arah, and _________, and Rezia. Asher:All these were the children of _________, heads of their father's house, choice and mighty men of valour, chief of the princes. And the number throughout the genealogy of them that were apt to the war and to battle was twenty and six thousand men.
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Settlement clears the way for SunEdison FBR polysilicon sale to GCL-Poly
SunEdison Semiconductor has agreed to allow the transfer of intellectual property to the world’s largest polysilicon and wafer maker, which is seeking to develop FBR polysilicon.
January 5, 2017 Christian Roselund
Image: Sunedison
Due to the number of different operations that it was involved in, the bankruptcy and carving up of SunEdison has had a lot of moving parts. And while a bankruptcy court earlier approved the sale of the company’s fluidized bed reactor (FBR) polysilicon operations to GCL-Poly, there have been some roadblocks along the way.
One of these came from SunEdison Semiconductor, which the renewable energy developer spun off two years before it went belly-up. Semi still claimed a stake in the technology, and had objected to the sale of the intellectual property to GCL.
According to bankruptcy court documents SunEdison, its creditors and SunEdison Semiconductor appear to have struck a deal which should allow the $150 million deal to go through, which will give GCL-Poly not only SunEdison’s legacy FBR project in California but its share in the SMP “high-pressure” FBR joint venture in Korea.
Additionally, Semi has settled $40 million in claims against SunEdison, while receiving a $2.7 million settlement. The court will have the opportunity to approve the agreement between the parties on January 24.
And while the deal will consolidate FBR operations in fewer hands, the future of the technology is still murky. To date few companies have successfully produced FBR polysilicon, and there is no indication that the SMP joint venture has solved the technical issues which have delayed full ramping of its facility. Similarly, GCL-Poly’s pre-existing FBR project has never reported definitive success.
Christian Roselund
Christian Roselund serves as US editor at pv magazine, and joined in 2014. Prior to this he covered global solar policy, markets and technology for Solar Server, and has written about renewable energy for CleanTechnica, German Energy Transition, Truthout, The Guardian (UK), and IEEE Spectrum.
More articles from Christian Roselund
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2016 Film Review: Captain America - Civil War
Disclaimer: Choosing a side in this conflict will not in fact affect your viewing of the movie. (Image Courtesy of: comicbook.com)
Quick Take: Captain America: Civil War is an intoxicating, action packed, and drama heavy film that raises the bar for ambitious films. Driven by a host of top notch performances, the movie is, in equal measure, mature, funny, and engaging from start to finish though can become exhausting with how many stories and characters it juggles.
***Spoiler-free is a dicey phrase that can mean different things to different people. While I promise to avoid direct plot points or character developments in the story, this review will contain allusions to event while speaking about cast members and characters in the film that have been not wholly presented in promotion for the film.
If you wish to go into the film unaffected by preconceptions and without any potential hints of the story direction, you should not read ahead until after you have seen the movie. Also, if you have not seen Captain America: Winter Soldier or Avengers: Age of Ultron, spoiler warning (and why are you reading this review?).***
When the Marvel Cinematic Universe was first announced, many had no idea exactly what to make of it. The idea seemed simple enough. Batman and Spider-Man were just a few of the superheroes who had finally proven good comic book movies could be made, so Marvel was taking the next step.
They were putting on screen the many stories that had been told for years in comics, using largely superhero characters casual audiences barely knew. Many may have been excited, but very few likely expected the idea to make money or be close to as successful as it has become.
Captain America: Civil War is in some ways a culmination of the original idea of the MCU. Who would have expected audiences would ever be clambering so heavily to watch Captain America fight Iron Man over the rightness of political oversight? Maybe comic book fans who read the original Civil War crossover event comics but that's about it.
This movie though is much more than a conflict over control or influence. This is a story about ideologies, friendship, and most importantly accountability. Most everyone is in play in this conflict, and the movie fairly rarely feel like just a comic book film.
It is easy to compare this to the recent Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, given the common themes in play, and this is certainly a better film. However, that would be unfair to both films. This is a culmination of ideologies, a movie built up over years, and it shows all that build up on its sleeve. In many ways, it is the third Avengers film.
Still though, at its core, this is a film about Captain America and Iron Man. Cap watched SHIELD burn around him under the weight of its own politics and strife, and now he is watching politics again try to take his own control away. Meanwhile, Iron Man is struggling with his own demons, most notably Ultron, and he is seeing everywhere the death The Avengers have caused.
Along the way, it is easy to see all sides of this argument as it continually develops. These are characters who are just as humanely flawed as they are inhumanely powerful. The action throughout is fantastic, but the emotional conflict is the heart of this story and why it is so effective.
Marvel isn't saying there's a superhero tier list, but... there's a superhero tier list and Falcon and War Machine are on the bottom. (Image Courtesy of: disneytouristblog.com)
That said, the action in this film is superb. There is not a poorly shot frame in this movie, and it goes high ambition from start to finish. The airport scene will be talked about for years to come as one of the best action scenes ever shot, and I still found myself even more invested in and affected by the final clash of the film.
The actors all get their moment in the action even more than the story itself. The way the impact of punches are emphasized in the film is completely effective. I could feel the action at times in my chest with how impactful it was even as it moved so quickly.
The most memorable moments of action came from Spider-Man and Ant-Man who have the most uniquely visual abilities for the story to utilize. The story also does a great job balancing out the characters despite Scarlet Witch and Vision being clearly the most powerful entities.
All of this means I have to give huge credit to the Russo brothers. Anthony and Joe Russo were at the helm of Marvel's most consistently quality movie so far, Captain America: Winter Soldier, and they go bigger, bolder, and even better this time around. They kept control of all the stars in the mix, made sure the brutality was felt, and never lost either the drama or the humor.
The cinematography by Trent Opalach who was also at the helm of Winter Soldier also deserves a ton of credit. While he occasionally uses shaky cam in the early sections of the film, his work on framing the action particularly later is hard to forget long after the film ends.
Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely were at the helm of screenplay for all three Captain America movies, and they do a fantastic job once again. While the movie is based off a comic, there is quite a bit different in this movie from that comic, so this is wholly original work juggling so many voices.
I was impressed just how many times this film easily shifted gears. I laughed many times loudly. I winced. I nearly yelled out in worry. I almost cried. This script was so well crafted, and it allowed its actors to shine without issue. While there were some contrivances along the way, that is almost unavoidable with superheroes in the mix.
If you ever get the chance to become friends with Cap, just remember: you'll never be more important to him than his murderer best friend. (Image Courtesy of: nerdist.com)
As this was Captain America and Iron Man's film, it was only fitting that we got the best performances from Chris Evans and Robert Downey Jr. yet. These two have been the heart of Marvel's Cinematic Universe, the best casting of a very well cast group, and they are fantastic throughout.
The two men are not a part of the comedic tone for the most part. Downey Jr. deals with varying emotions continually from guilt to grief to anger where he could have easily gotten lost in his classic quips which he still throws out. Evans is the heart and soul of the film, showing the old signs of who he was and who he's become as a hero.
Much of the old cast return in this film. Don Cheadle took a while to fit into the Rhodey role which he took from Terrence Howard, but he's truly found the comic and dramatic balance. He and Anthony Mackie play a similar role for their main character friends with Mackie more natural as the charismatic friend Falcon. Both feel a bit underutilized.
Scarlett Johansson plays a solid role as Black Widow in the film though her character is often underwritten with her direction unclear. Jeremy Renner has a strong scene with Tony in the film, but he's mostly around for the action scenes.
Paul Rudd is hilarious in a supporting role throughout the film as Ant-Man and the wide eyed Scott Lang. Paul Bettany and Elizabeth Olson play similar roles in the film as Vision and Scarlet Witch, the powerhouses who are on the edge of the moral conflict. Their interesting dynamic is a highlight of the movie though Olson's Sokovian accent is still a bit laughable.
The standout of Winter Soldier was Sebastian Stan who played an extremely complicated villain as Cap's best friend Bucky and the Hydra reprogrammed Winter Soldier. He is quality again as his complicated history is a focus and tension for the film. He does well shifting his dynamic with the characters as he shifts between being Bucky and the Winter Soldier.
It took long enough for someone to figure out vibranium is OP and shouldn't just be used for a single arm or shield but for a whole set of armor. (Image Courtesy of: gamespot.com)
Besides the leads, the standout performance of the movie is Chadwick Boseman (42). A consistently excellent actor, he quickly makes Black Panther enthralling with a well built rage and strength, and he uses a memorable Wakandan accent to emphasize his unique character.
The flashiest new addition to the Marvel Universe was Tom Holland (The Impossible) who is now the third actor to take on Peter Parker/Spider-Man on the big screen. While his appearance feels a bit like an extended cameo, he impresses as a quick witted Spider-Man in what may be the best rendition of the character helped by finally being young and brash though he still needs to show he can match Tobey Maguire's gold standard as Peter Parker.
While it is not made clear in much of the promotion for this film, there is a villain in this film by the name of Baron Zemo played well by Daniel Brühl. His tragic character is more often used as a representation of the movie's themes than a fully fledged antagonist, but the actor is strong in the role. It just feels like he may have been a bit wasted.
Marvel has continued to raise the stakes with their films, and this is the most ambitious yet. It juggles its stories in impressive fashion, and it even more impressively focuses on its character. While it is long and shifts a bit rapidly at times to get to all of its characters/stories, this is easily the film of the summer to beat.
Before this point, Marvel had four great films in their fairly consistent MCU filmography with Captain America: The Winter Soldier, The Avengers, Iron Man, and The Guardians of the Galaxy at that top echelon. Captain America: Civil War is now the fifth great MCU film though it does not quite pass Marvel's best.
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>Going the Distance
by Seth G. Jones
The war in Afghanistan isn't doomed. We just need to rethink the insurgency.
On the outskirts of Kabul, Afghanistan's capital, lies the Kabre Ghora graveyard. It is believed to contain the graves of 158 British soldiers, diplomats and their families who died in the city during the Anglo-Afghan wars of 1839-1842 and 1879-1880. The name comes from the term Afghans use to describe British soldiers: "Ghora."
The original British gravestones have disappeared except for the remnants of 10, which have been preserved and relocated to a spot against the cemetery's southern wall. I have been to Kabre Ghora several times, but on my most recent visit, I noticed something new — a memorial honoring soldiers from the United States, Canada and Europe who have died in Afghanistan since 2001.
Afghanistan has a reputation as a graveyard of empires, based as much on lore as on reality. This reputation has contributed to a growing pessimism that U.S. and NATO forces will fare no better there than did the Soviet and British armies, or even their predecessors reaching back to Alexander the Great. The gloom was only stoked by last week's brazen suicide attacks in Kabul on the eve of a visit by Richard Holbrooke, President Obama's special envoy to Pakistan and Afghanistan.
But it would be irresponsible to concede defeat. Yes, the situation is serious, but it's far from doomed. We can still turn things around if we strive for a better understanding of the Afghan insurgency and work to exploit its many weaknesses.
Media reports have inflated the insurgency's strength. A recent Newsweek cover article branded Afghanistan "Obama's Vietnam," arguing that the country has been infiltrated by a dangerous enemy that has repeatedly vanquished foreign invaders. In December 2008, the London-based International Council on Security and Development reported that "the Taliban now holds a permanent presence in 72 percent of Afghanistan, up from 54 percent a year ago." But on repeated trips to rural Afghanistan, including one late last year, I found that the Taliban control little actual territory.
Reporting on Afghanistan could use a dose of reality. I got mine last November, when I visited Zabol province in the south, along the border with Pakistan. Though the Taliban have pushed into several districts in the province, locals were blunt in private. "We hate them," one villager near the city of Qalat told me. "And we don't subscribe to their version of Islam. We just need help defending our towns and villages."
These sentiments are apparent in a range of public opinion polls. Just last week, an ABC/BBC poll indicated that only 4 percent of Afghans support a Taliban government. When asked who posed the biggest danger in the country, 58 percent of respondents said the Taliban. In addition, nearly 70 percent said that it was "good" or "mostly good" that U.S. forces overthrew the Taliban regime in 2001.
It's not difficult to see why. The Taliban subscribe to a radical interpretation of Sunni Islam grounded in Deobandism, a school of thought emanating from the Dar ul-Ulum madrassa established in Deoband, India, in 1867. The objective of senior Taliban leaders is to establish an extreme version of sharia, or Islamic law, across the country, which they refer to as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. In the 1990s, the Taliban closed cinemas and banned music, along with almost every other conceivable kind of entertainment. In Kabul, they carried out brutal punishments in front of large crowds in the former soccer stadium.
The Taliban were — and still are — deeply unpopular. Most Afghans don't subscribe to their religious zealotry, which the founders of Deobandism wouldn't even recognize. And the rapid collapse of the Taliban regime in 2001, barely two months after the war started, served as a striking testament to the group's weak foundation.
Yet the insurgency, which has engulfed parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan, does not consist solely of the Taliban. It is fractured among more than a dozen groups, including the Haqqani network, led by Pashtun militant Jalaluddin Haqqani; mujaheddin leader Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's Hezb-e-Islami; Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi; al-Qaeda and many others. A bevy of Pashtun tribes, criminal organizations, militia forces and government officials from Pakistan, Iran and even Afghanistan sometimes cooperate with the insurgents. The largest and most powerful group is the Taliban, though they have only limited influence over other groups.
The leaders of many insurgent groups are united by a common hatred of U.S. and allied forces, as well as opposition to President Hamid Karzai's government, which they view as having sold out to Western infidels. But they have very different ideologies and support bases. Some, like al-Qaeda, have a broad global agenda that includes fighting the United States and its allies (the far enemy) and overthrowing Western-friendly regimes in the Middle East (the near enemy) to establish a pan-Islamic caliphate. Others, like the Taliban and the Haqqani network, are focused on Afghanistan and on re-establishing their extremist ideology there.
Foot soldiers join the insurgency for a variety of reasons. Some are motivated by money. "Some insurgent groups pay better than we do," one U.S. soldier in the southern province of Kandahar told me recently. "It's basic economics." In some areas, he said, the Afghan National Police and Afghan National Army pay recruits roughly $100 per month, while the Taliban have paid $150 or more. Others are motivated by tribal rivalry or are coerced by insurgents, who sometimes threaten villagers or their families unless they cooperate.
What's more, several insurgent groups have a history of fighting one another. In the mid-1990s, the Taliban and forces loyal to Gulbuddin Hekmatyar engaged in intense battles in southern and eastern Afghanistan. They also competed for funding and logistical support from Pakistan's main spy agency, the Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate, or ISI. After suffering repeated battlefield losses to the Taliban in eastern Afghanistan and being marginalized by the ISI, Hekmatyar fled to Iran in 1997.
Nevertheless, insurgent groups have waged an increasingly deadly war against international and Afghan forces. From 2007 to 2008, the level of violence increased 33 percent, the number of improvised explosive devices increased 27 percent and civilian deaths increased 46 percent, according to U.S. Defense Department estimates. Perhaps more telling, a recent Asia Foundation poll indicated that nearly two-thirds of Afghans say that they have "some fear" or "a lot of fear" when traveling from one part of Afghanistan to another.
U.S. and NATO operations in Afghanistan have often failed to take advantage of fissures across organizations, as well as between insurgent leaders and their fragile support bases. Also, the security challenges there don't stem from a strong insurgency but rather from a weak and ever more unpopular government. "It's a race to the bottom between the government and insurgents," one villager in the eastern city of Asadabad told me. Opinion polls show a growing belief that government officials have become more and more corrupt and are unable to deliver services or protect the public.
As Dennis C. Blair, the new director of national intelligence, acknowledged last week, "Kabul's inability to build effective, honest and loyal provincial and district-level institutions . . . erodes its popular legitimacy and increases the influence of local warlords and the Taliban." In short, the government's unpopularity has created a vacuum that is being filled by insurgent groups, all of which enjoy sanctuary in Pakistan.
Although U.S. government officials have become increasingly vocal about the need to undermine the insurgent safe haven in Pakistan, the bulk of recent U.S. unmanned Predator drone strikes and Pakistani operations have been in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of that country. They have targeted senior leaders from al-Qaeda as well as other organizations, such as the Haqqani network, who share a safe haven in the tribal areas.
But there have been virtually no U.S. or Pakistani operations in Pakistan's Baluchistan province, currently home to the Taliban's core leadership. U.S. and NATO estimates indicate that the inner shura is located in the vicinity of the dusty town of Quetta, the capital of Baluchistan, where senior Taliban officials gathered after fleeing Afghanistan in 2001. Here, the Taliban have subdivided into a range of political, military, religious and other committees to help provide strategic guidance to a fractured insurgency.
Yet the Taliban have been left alone in Quetta. There have been no Pakistani operations such as the ones in the Bajaur and Mohmand tribal regions, where Pakistani army and paramilitary forces have razed houses and destroyed tunnels in an effort to uproot local militants. Nor have U.S. cross-border strikes targeted the key insurgent headquarters. Successful operations will require better protection of the Afghan population and more effective disruption of safe havens such as Quetta.
The Afghanistan war is not intractable and has not yet reached a tipping point. There are no easy solutions to the conflict. But a better understanding of the insurgency, the differences among its various factions and their fragile support bases — and a strategy that can exploit these vulnerabilities — might keep the United States from following so many earlier occupiers into the Afghan graveyard.
Seth G. Jones, author of the forthcoming book In the Graveyard of Empires: America's War in Afghanistan, is a political scientist with the RAND Corp.
This commentary originally appeared in The Washington Post on February 15, 2009. Commentary gives RAND researchers a platform to convey insights based on their professional expertise and often on their peer-reviewed research and analysis.
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Torres-García, Joaquín (1874–1949) By Cortés Saavedra, David Fernando
https://www.rem.routledge.com/articles/torres-garcia-joaquin-1874-1949
Father of Universalismo Constructivo and founder of the Asociación de Arte Constructivo and the Taller Torres García in Montevideo, Torres-García was the most important modern Uruguayan artist of his time and a direct precursor to concrete art in Latin America. Based on his experiences in Europe with artist Antoni Gaudí, the group De Stijl, and the artists gathered around the magazine Circle et Carré, Torres-García elaborated the premises of his Universalismo Constructivo, which he would concretize upon his return to Montevideo in 1934. Universalismo Constructivo is best defined as Torres García’s constructivist work in which schematic figurative elements are held by a grid pattern regulated by the golden section and a pinwheel structure. It was considered by North American theorist Clement Greenberg as an example of all over painting.
Fernando Cortés Saavedra, David. "Torres-García, Joaquín (1874–1949)." The Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism. : Taylor and Francis, 2016. Date Accessed 15 Jul. 2019 https://www.rem.routledge.com/articles/torres-garcia-joaquin-1874-1949. doi:10.4324/9781135000356-REM1437-1
Fernando Cortés Saavedra, D.(2016). Torres-García, Joaquín (1874–1949). In The Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism. : Taylor and Francis. Retrieved 15 Jul. 2019, from https://www.rem.routledge.com/articles/torres-garcia-joaquin-1874-1949. doi:10.4324/9781135000356-REM1437-1
Fernando Cortés Saavedra, D. 2016, 'Torres-García, Joaquín (1874–1949)' in Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism, Taylor and Francis, viewed 15 July 2019, <https://www.rem.routledge.com/articles/torres-garcia-joaquin-1874-1949>. doi:10.4324/9781135000356-REM1437-1
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Measuring ROI and Attributing Your Online Marketing Spend – A Q&A with Fidelitas Development CEO & Founder Tyler Sickmeyer
Reputation.com Editors
Tyler Sickmeyer is founder and owner of Fidelitas Development, a full-service advertising and marketing firm in San Diego that specializes in multi-platform e-commerce growth strategies. As a concert promoter, he was the first to use text message marketing. Today he develops marketing campaigns that stand out in a crowd for clients worldwide.
Sickmeyer spoke with us recently about how to measure the impact of marketing spend. In this Q&A, he discusses:
How to fully account for campaign costs when measuring ROI
What metrics are necessary to determine what it takes to complete a sale
The challenges of capturing channel attribution
Strategies for defining what channels work
How do you measure the ROI of your marketing?
The first step is figuring out what we want to accomplish. Different businesses have different goals. For example, if you’re a B2B business, you might have a much more complex sales cycle, so the goal might be qualified leads in the funnel. For a direct-to-consumer business, the goal might be how many times the cash register rings as a result of someone finding you on an e-commerce site like Amazon or Jet.
What happens once goals are clearly defined?
Once we’ve determined what the actual goals of the campaign are, we define the tactics we’re going to use to reach them. We like to reverse-engineer the process.
For example, say you sell soda pop for $10 a case and you profit $5. We know we need to keep the cost-per-acquisition (CPA) rate under $4.99. The CPA is how much money is spent in time and effort, in actual dollars and cents, to make that sale happen. It needs to include the costs of upkeep of the website, ads and agency, if you’re using one.
If you run a brick-and-mortar business, say a convenience store, being profitable isn’t just about the profit from selling soda and snacks; it’s also about covering your rent and the cost of your employees. We want to take that same approach online when we’re talking about tracking ROI. Once we have an understanding of what the numbers look like, we’re going to take a step back, look at the campaigns, and learn the step-by-step process for a conversion or a sale on an e-commerce site.
Can you say more about how you reverse-engineer the sales process?
Step one is understanding how we drive traffic to the site. We’re keeping track of how much it costs to send somebody to the site. We do this by tracking:
How many people we have to send to the site before someone adds something in their cart.
How many people need to add something to their cart before someone makes a purchase.
We’re also taking it one step further and figuring out what the average sale is worth. For the sake of our math, we’ll say customers buy one case of soda on average at $10, and the profit is $5.
Let’s say for every ten people we send to the site, one clicks on the Add to Cart button. For every ten that click on Add to Cart, one checks out. So that would mean one out of every 100 people that visit the site pull out their credit card and purchase something. On average, 100 site visitors equates to $5 in profit.
When we go back and put ad campaigns together, everything is focused on how cheaply we send traffic to the site.
How does this relate to spending strategy?
If we can send 100 people to the site for $1, there’s $4 profit. So we have an ROI of four times the return on ad spend. For every dollar you put in, you’re making $4 in profit. You’ll do that deal all day, won’t you?
But now, let’s say it’s the other way and it costs us $10 to get 100 people to the site. Well, now we’re upside down because even though we’re generating sales, we’re spending $10 to make $5. You’re losing $5 every time you make a sale.
That’s why it’s so important to track, and why we look at the process that we focus on as reverse-engineering — what’s worth it for a client and what’s not.
When you have a large company that has local branches, how do you think about attributing your marketing spend?
There are several different schools of thought when it comes to attribution. Our agency practices multi-touch attribution. Let’s use the example of a car dealership that runs ads on radio and TV, in the newspaper, has a car on display at the local mall and sponsors a high school girls’ softball team. They’ve got all these different things going.
Well, what led to the sale? I highly doubt someone’s going to walk into the dealership and say, “You know, I found this car $5,000 cheaper somewhere else. However, you sponsored the softball team, so I’m just gonna get it here.”
Nor do they say, “I heard you on the radio and that’s why I came in.” People will get something in their heads. We had a car dealership client that would have their service department track which radio stations people were listening to when they brought in their cars for service. They’d do check-all-that-apply surveys about how buyers heard about them. What was so funny is that “newspaper” was an option and about 20-30 percent of the people checked that they saw the dealership in the newspaper. That dealership never placed an ad in a newspaper.
What does that kind of behavior mean for attribution?
That happens quite frequently. People misremember where they heard about you, especially if you are on many channels. And that’s why multi-touch attribution is so important.
The only way around the misremembering is if you have a straightforward call to action. If you run a franchise of burger joints, for example, only advertise 99-cent cheeseburgers in one channel. Then, you can directly attribute a sales increase in 99-cent cheeseburgers to that channel. But when you’re running the same messaging and your direct call to action is the same across all channels, it’s going to be very tough to say which one’s working and which one’s not.
That makes it tough to figure out ROI. Any tips?
One thing you can do is pay attention to search volume. You can track how often certain keywords are searched around the time your ads run. If you run an ad on TV that says, “Hey, visit ABCDealership.com” that’s great, but not everyone’s going to remember to do that. Instead, they’ll end up Googling “ABC Dealership.” It’s just the way people function.
You watch for a lift in search volume around the time your ads run, and if there’s a lift, you can conclude those ads are working.
One hack we have that works well for brick-and-mortar businesses and small businesses is text message marketing giveaways. We love them because they build lists of interested parties. We recommend giving away something that’s relevant. If you’re a pet store, give away free dog food for a year or free grooming services.
You know who doesn’t want that? People who don’t own pets. They aren’t your core customers. Everyone that sends a text is a potential customer — when is the last time you entered a contest to win a prize that you didn’t want?
You can offer different keywords on different channels. Your keyword might be “dog” on radio, “cat” on TV and “pet store” on online media. That way you can measure the direct responses from consumers trying to win the product. You get a sense of how warm the waters are for your sales efforts across those channels. Then, you’ve got a list that you can nurture without paying to reach it time and time again. That’s a primary reason we recommend text message marketing for a brick-and-mortar business.
It seems like that approach could be used across channels: Use a contest or giveaway targeted to the kinds of customers you want to reach over email or other outlets.
If you’re trying to use it for attribution measurement, email’s tough because it’s a multistep process. You’re saying, “Hey, go to our site and give us your email.” That’s a lot of work, depending on what platform you’re using. If you’re using radio, where do most people listen to the radio? In their car while driving.
If you have a text-to-win call to action and you use a different keyword for every media channel, you have actionable data on how many people responded to that specific ask. You can do that a couple of times a year and have a great sense of what’s working and what’s not.
What other strategies can businesses use to gauge ROI when using multiple channels during a campaign?
We had a large retail client that does well over nine figures a year and was opening a new brick-and-mortar store in a brand-new small market. There were no Arbitron or Nielsen numbers to go off of, so we were shooting in the dark regarding media spend.
What we did for the grand opening is called up every outlet in town — billboard companies, radio, TV, everything. We said, “Hey, we’re gonna give you all the same budget. We’re going to give you all $500, and you can bonus whatever you want to bonus. How your response is compared to everyone else’s in town will dictate the budget for the rest of the year.”
We ended up with five or six times the value we paid for, because everyone was falling over themselves to give us everything. We made it a true competition between the media outlets. Instead of getting our feet held to the fire, we had all the leverage in that situation.
So the lesson is you can get channels to compete against each other if you’re willing to put in a little bit of time?
Absolutely. Most of the time, media outlets and platforms really have the advantage in negotiations because there’s limited inventory. If you present a situation where they’re competing for the budget and they know it’s a true and fair competition and not just who bought lunch last time, it really is going to come down to numbers. All of a sudden they get antsy and they’ll throw a lot of added value incentives in.
What’s a way to set up such a competition?
What we’ve done in the past is buy different variations of customized domains and develop landing pages. Maybe you have StoreCity.com, CityStore.com and NewStoreCity.com—however many variations you need. Then base your results off of good, old-fashioned web traffic in Google Analytics.
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Local Couple of 40 Years Starts New Chapter with Famous Toastery Opening
by Fatimah Waseem April 16, 2019 at 10:45 am 0
From elementary school to George Mason University to the play pens of their entertainment businesses, Gary and Diane Reedy have been together. Instead of what was supposed to be a long awaited retirement ahead of the 41st anniversary, the couple decided to opt for something different: running a brunch and breakfast spot in RTC West (12100 Sunset Hills Road).
Famous Toastery had its first official opening on Monday (April 15), after a soft opening this weekend. All sales over the weekend were donated to Cornerstones, a nonprofit organization that the couple said embodies their mission of serving the community. Diane brings a heightened awareness of socio-economic struggle after years of traveling Africa and Asia for the World Bank, while her husband, Gary, reflects on previous experiences as a high school teacher and coach. Their partnership roots back to years in high school when Gary, who calls himself a former jock, dated Diane, who was a straight-A student.
Before opening the 3,300-square-foot restaurant at the mixed use center, the couple built several businesses, including Planet Play in Plaza America, some of the first laser tags in the area, a carousel in Springfield Mall for 12 years, and other entertainment businesses. Since then, they’ve sold off their ventures and opted for Famous Toastery, which is open for breakfast and lunch.
“The problem is that we can’t ever stop. I can’t play golf every single day,” Gary said, chuckling. “We’ve had our careers and retirements and a couple of kids. Sometimes I wonder how we did it all, but we’re young at heart and we want to stay involved.”
Although he lives in Loudoun County, Gary says Reston is a special community because it combines what he says are the best elements of work and family life. His wife agrees.
“Simon’s vision for Reston was to include people from all different kinds of backgrounds, ” Diane said. “It was really meant to be an integrated community and its benefited from a lot of public involvement and will continue to benefit from a lot of public involvement.”
As the Famous Toastery kicks off, they hope to continue partnering with the community after spending most of their lives in Fairfax County. “We’ve gotten out of the night business,” Gary said. “Reston is still really growing and we look forward to growing with it.”
Famous Toastery has two other Virginia locations. It was started in 2005 in Huntersville, NC in a small house. The owners turned the concept into a franchise in 2013.
Photo via Carlos Banos
Breakfast, feature, Reston restaurants, RTC West
Eve Thompson
11404A Washington Plaza W
Real Estate( 1 )
Reston Association’s Community Yard Sale Set for Next Week
Giving Circle’s Empty Bowls Fundraiser Set for April 26
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Major Video and the NES, part 6
Almost at the finish line
By: Bro
Hello again, everyone. I'd like to begin this latest group of rentals with a couple apologies. First off, it's been quite some time since my last entry in this series. Sorry about that, but it just couldn't be helped. I've started a new career in general aviation and have been bouncing between shifts learning the ins and outs of everything. It's been good though, and I look forward to where it takes me. Secondly, I've been unable to edit my picture sizes, so some of game box pictures for this article are going to very large. It's not the biggest deal in the world I know, but it bugs me because I try to keeps things looking a little more uniform than what you will see as you read this. And I think that may be about it. Sorry again for the wait, so lets just get this ball rolling.
50.)
To be honest, I don't remember much about Super Pitfall other than I thought the box art was cool and I thought the guy in it kinda looked like Luigi. That and I used to wander around not really accomplishing anything. I hadn't played the original Pitfall yet so I also had no way of knowing it was a sequel at that time. I did eventually play the original on my grandpa's Atari and in the end, I'm sure I spent more time playing the original Pitfall, Pitfall 2: The Lost Caverns, and Pitfall: The Mayan Adventure than ever I did playing Super Pitfall.
From what it sounds like, I didn't miss out. When getting my screenshots, I had to do a little digging first because I didn't even remember the name of the game, just the box art. And based on what I've read, the box art was the best part of this game. Seems there was nothing super about it, and the whole thing was mediocre through and through. But again, I don't remember anything about how it played and I'm not here to write a review. So lets move on.
One of the nice things about being born in the early 80's is that I got to grow up with the not just the cartoons of the time, but some classic animation from the past too. So along with Ducktales, Rescue Rangers, Muppet Babies...etc, I got to watch Droopy, Looney Tunes, classic Mickey Mouse cartoons, Hanna Babera classics like Yogi Bear, Scooby-Doo, and Jonny Quest, and really vintage stuff like Hekyll and Jekyll and, yes, Popeye. I used to watch Popeye a lot, although I don't think it's a cartoon I would enjoy today. And just like Mickey Mouse, Bugs Bunny, and Scrooge McDuck, being able to play as a character I liked made renting this an easy choice. Unlike those other games though, Popeye was an arcade port. And for first few minutes of play time, my mom, sister, and I weren't quite sure what to do.
I don't remember who figured it out, but it didn't take long before we realized the goal. Olive Oil stayed at the top of screen and blew kisses towards the ground, which took the shape of hearts. Your job was to guide Popeye around level and collect enough of them to advance to the next stage. Bluto walks around the level and if he touches you, it costs you a life. Popeye does have a trusty can of spinach laying around to deal with him, but there's only one per stage. I wouldn't put this up there with Donkey Kong as one of my favorite titles, but I remember thinking it was pretty fun. But this was one of the first games we rented for the NES, and I was really little at the time and I haven't played it since then. (Though I've been wanting to lately, for whatever reason.) Hence, I have no accurate idea how it holds up. But I know I enjoyed when I played it and that's all I need to remember for this article.
Here's one I had my eye on for some time because the box art looked like a cartoon. But for whatever reason it was a long time before I finally rented it. And when I finally did, it was...weird. I didn't know this was a sequel to an arcade game so I didn't know it would play like one. As such, I thought it was the oddest platformer I had played. Back then I also had no idea platformer was even word, much less a genre, but you know what I mean. In time, I've learned Namco really used the Pac-Man idea of collecting everything in a map and moving on to the next one in several games. I personally favor Rally X for this type of gameplay. Mappy though...it's a weird one for me.
The goal of the original Mappy was to stop thieving cats by collecting all the items in the map and avoid touching the cats themselves. You could slam doors on them to stop them temporarily and there were trampolines to help you reach higher levels of the map. Mappy Land on the NES took this same idea and brought more of a journey aspect to it. The environments were much more varied and I think there was a little more platforming involved in this game. I do enjoy Mappy and it's somewhat odd play style, but it's not one of my favorite Namco arcade games. If I remember right, I think I was more disappointed with Mappy Land than anything else. Just not what I was expecting, I guess.
I played Excitebike only a couple times when I was a kid. The first was when when we rented it and the the other time was a friends house. During the rental, I just remember thinking how cool it was to ride a dirt bike around and go off big jumps. I also thought the night time course was pretty cool. I crashed a lot, but the didn't stop me from getting as much air as I could anyway off the larger ramps. At our friend's house, I use to build custom tracks and put nothing but the massive dirt mounds in them and race them over and over. But after that, Excitebike sort of drifted from my memory. I thought it was a cool and all, but I never tried to play it again for some time. In fact, I wouldn't rediscover what a little gem of a game this is until the Wii era.
I garnered new interest in this game after playing Excite Truck and Excite Bots on the Wii, both great games by the way, and learning that the same company who made those games also made an updated Excitebike available via download. I never did play it, but I watched some videos and I thought it looked pretty good. And then a few years later I played Red Lynx's Trials series for the first time and I was hooked. I wouldn't get back to the original Excitebike until playing it on my NES Classic Edition and after Truck, Bots, and Trials, I really had a grasp on the flow of the game, and jumping and landing my bike properly. And while I don't want to make more of this game than it is as it's very limited by modern standards, I stand by my statement earlier that this is a gem of an NES game, and one I still have a ball playing. I just wish I could have seen that back when my family rented it all those years ago.
I remember only two things about renting Circus Caper. The first is that my dad picked it out and the goal of the game was to save your little sister. The second is that I never beat the first stage. There were these alligators you had to get across and just like Pitfall, you had to wait until their jaws were closed to jump on top of them. What about this was so difficult for my young self, I don't know, but I just could not do it.
I've been tempted to revisit this game just to see how the rest of the game is. Plus I kinda dig the whole haunted/evil carnival thing. But I'm in no hurry. I don't have any other anecdotes for this one so let's move on.
Bayou fricken' Billy. It's now infamous for how hard it is, almost up there with Battletoads. I saw a commercial for it back then and thought the different game styles looked really cool. But when I rented it, that difficulty wasted no time smacking me in the face. I didn't beat the first stage. It took several attempts to make progress just beating up the bad guys coming at me, and even then I was thwarted by the game itself because the screen stopped scrolling. There were no other enemies on screen except alligators and I wasn't even going to try and take those on. After reaching that point a few times, I decided to look at the game's main menu. If I remember right, there was some sort of option that let you try the light gun and driving stages. This was a nice feature, but they weren't any easier than the rest of the game.
I also listened to different background music in the sound test option. Like other titles, I wanted try Bayou Billy again after I discovered emulation, and once again I got stuck at the same part in the first stage. If any of you know how to beat the level, feel free to let me know in the comments. I wouldn't put Bayou Billy in the same class as Konami's other titles like Castlevania or Contra, but I will say this; both those other games along with Gradius got downloadable Rebirth games on Nintendo's Eshop, and I really think Bayou Billy would have done well with the same treatment. Switching from beat-em-up to light gun to racing would have been a breeze with the Wii-mote, and it would given developers a chance to polish and refine some of the clunkiness of the original. It's not something I'll hold my breath for but I'd still like to give a remaster or reboot of this game a try.
Looking back at the NES Metal Gear, I can't help but chuckle a little bit. I see this and I still can't believe this has gone on to become a blockbuster and beloved series. Granted, Metal Gear Solid is a far cry from this port, but it still amazes me. My dad chose this game and it sounded neat. But I also didn't understand it. Metal Gear is known for stealth, and I wasn't the only one unaccustomed to having to sneak my way around enemies and obstacles. So I set off to punch everything I passed. There was a set route you had to take to get to the base at the start, and I spent a good time wandering around same looking areas before figuring out the right way. On occasion I found out you could get in a truck and it will take you somewhere else. A friend of ours had this game and I played it at their house a few times, but the results were the same. In the end, I just had no clue what I was supposed to do.
So time goes by and during either late junior high or early high school, Metal Gear Solid comes out and my friend Jason gets it and the copy gets passed between our group of friends. I played through the game several times to unlock all the bonuses. I have to be honest though; while it's fun, I also find this series to be very overrated. It's waaaaaaaay too preachy with it's messages and I find the characters and the emotional moments to be more cheesy than anything. (Snake Eater though....I liked that one.) But anyway, once Metal Gear Solid was out, I remembered the NES game and wanted to give it another shot. Game Informer even published a complete walkthrough for the game. I didn't use it, but when I fired my up my emulator, I did make some real progress in the game for the first time. And that was nice. Of course now I know that it's a port of Metal Gear for japanese computers and that Hideo Kojima disowns the NES version. But I still can't help but chuckle looking at it and think to myself "Who knew how big this would get....
I don't remember much for Winter Games either except that one of the featured games was Figure Skating and that's what my mom and my sister would always play. There were other events too, such as skiing, speed skating, and I think the luge. But looking back, all I remember is spending more time watching the ladies of our house play the figure skating game then anything else. And that's about it. But here's some screenshots, anyway.
And as much as I hate to say it, I don't remember a whole lot about the next game on the list either....
When looking for pictures for this game, I found out there were two NES Sesame Street games. This is the one I played. Normally edutainment is something I avoid, but I was still very young at this point and was content that Sesame Street was in video game form. As the box art suggests, there were two games here. The first involved Ernie as a magician, and I think the goal was to match whatever shape he pulled out of his hat. I loved Bert and Ernie as a kid, so I know played this one first. The second game featured Grover.
I wish I could remember what the goal was here, but I know it involved simple math. And when you had completed whatever it was you were supposed to do, you were rewarded with something like a spaceship flying away, or a cool looking constellation, or something like that. It's been decades since I've played this game so I really don't remember. In addition to renting this myself, I also played it at my neighbors house when he rented it. And that's it.
Along with myself, the rest of my family thought Super Mario Bros was pretty cool. (I still do.) Then one day on a routine trip to the video store, one of my parents, I think it may have been my mom, showed me this game and said "Have you seen this?" I had not. It was Mario Bros, except they weren't super. Up til then I thought Super Mario Bros was the beginning, I didn't think they had a previous adventure. Yet here it was. Mario and Luigi. With pipes and koopas and...crabs? The heck was this game?! Of course it was the obvious choice for our game rental, so we got it along with whatever movies we had picked out and went home. While adventure wouldn't be the right word for it, I had a lot of fun with Mario and Luigi's arcade outing.
To me it felt like we had stumbled across something lost or unknown and I remember talking to my cousin about it and saying "Hey, have you played Mario Bros.? Not Super Mario Bros, but just Mario Bros.?," and being very proud about my newfound gaming knowledge. I'm not gonna lie, I miss being naive about video games, it was a lot of fun "discovering" this stuff for the first time. But I'll touch more on that next article when I end this series. And while I prefer Donkey Kong in the end, I still enjoy the original Mario Bros. arcade game to this day. But man, I won't forget how it felt seeing a non-super Mario Bros game. It was the type of thing that just blew my mind back then.
And finally we come to this. For my final game in part six, I present to you all the craptacular Back to the Future NES game. Here's the thing though; for as reviled as this game is now, I honestly thought it was pretty fun back then. I hadn't seen the movie, in fact I wouldn't see the the trilogy complete for several years yet. (I like part 2 the best, personally.) So I just played Back to the Future in my ignorant bliss, and really enjoyed myself. And like many other games, my dad was better at it and I would watch him play because he could get farther than I could. I also remember playing this on a Wednesday night and then having to stop so we could go to church.
To this day, even knowing how bad it is now, I can't bring myself to hate this game. Because I remember being a little kid and going through the streets on my skateboard avoiding things and having a good old time with it. Yes, now I wonder what any of that had to do with Marty McFly getting back to future, but it didn't matter then. Such is the natural wonders of being a kid, I guess. I'd like to finish the game someday, or at least like to get to where you drive the Delorean and do something that happened in the movie. Will I ever, who knows...
And that's it for part six. I apologize again for delay in between articles and for the larger picture sizes. Next time, I will wrap up this series with part 7, and I've got another surprise for you as well. So until then, stay retro folks. Thanks for reading.
tjnaples Posted 1 year 11 months ago
Wow, I hadn't remembered Popeye or Bayou Billy in literally decades. Great site and great article. Thanks for the memory jog!
chokeslam Posted 2 years 2 months ago
I knew the object of the game and yet I too wandered around accomplishing nothing while playing Super Pittfall.
John: "Losers always whine about their best. Winners go home and fuck the prom queen."
More from Bro
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Study questions FDA's shorter drug approval times
Toni Clarke
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - New drugs that receive expedited review by the Food and Drug Administration are being tested on fewer patients, leaving many safety questions unanswered even after they are approved, a study released on Monday in the Journal of the American Medical Association found.
Study authors Thomas Moore of the Institute for Safe Medication Practices and Dr Curt Furberg, a professor at Wake Forest School of Medicine, examined the development times, clinical testing and risks associated with 20 new drugs approved in 2008. Eight were given expedited review and 12 standard review.
It found that expedited drugs underwent a median of 5.1 years of clinical testing before being approved, compared with 7.5 years for those that underwent a standard review. But in many cases safety monitoring trials that were supposed to be conducted after the products were approved were either not conducted, not completed, or not submitted to the FDA.
“The testing of new drugs has shifted from a situation in which most testing was conducted prior to initial approval to a situation in which many innovative drugs are more rapidly approved after a small trial in a narrower patient population with extensive additional testing conducted after approval,” the authors said.
At the urging of patient groups, Congress and the drug industry, the FDA over the past decade has introduced multiple mechanisms for speeding new products to the market. While patient groups and drug companies applaud these measures, saying they get much-needed medication into the hands of patients more quickly, critics say the agency is approving products before they have been fully vetted.
Of the drugs studied by Moore and Furberg in 2008, the FDA required 85 follow-up trials to monitor for safety. By 2013, only 40 percent of those studies had been completed.
The FDA said in a statement that it will review the article in more detail but that on the surface “it shows that the expedited development programs are working as intended by getting promising new drugs to patients more quickly.”
RELAXED EVIDENCE
The FDA has traditionally required two controlled clinical trials to prove that a drug is safe and effective. Over time the agency has relaxed the evidence it is willing to accept for certain products.
In some cases the FDA will accept data from a single trial and success may be judged on the basis of a surrogate measure - such as tumor shrinkage - that may or may not translate into a concrete measure such as increased survival.
“In situations of serious and life-threatening diseases with unmet medical need, patients and physicians who treat them have told us repeatedly that they are willing to accept greater uncertainty about risk in order to have access to the hope of improved treatment today,” the FDA said in its statement.
The FDA is discussing additional measures to speed the drug development process, including the use of “enriched” trials that would select patients based on certain demographic or genetic characteristics in order to increase the chance of a trial’s success.
The idea is to direct treatment to patients for whom it will be most effective or who are most likely to respond.
But in a commentary published alongside the study, Daniel Carpenter, a professor of government at Harvard University, said the FDA has put few measures in place to ensure that drugs that are approved based on limited populations are only marketed to those limited groups.
“The current system of accelerating drug approval in the United States can be described as a growing hodgepodge of exceptions to the rule of rigorous premarket review,” he said.
The FDA said it has a “robust program for postmarketing surveillance and ensuring the completion of required post-approval trials.”
“We believe that we have set the bar for the balance between pre-approval testing and early availability of promising new drugs to treat serious and life-threatening diseases in the right place.”
Reporting by Toni Clarke in Washington; editing by Matthew Lewis
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Backpack adds a calendar
July 26, 2006 Rex Hammock
Backpack adds a calendar: My ego-RSS-feeds were pinging me earlier with this nice shout-out from Jason Fried, so I checked in with him and in an e-mail exchange, discovered that Backpack users will have something to cheer about later tonight. I was going to wait for some official announcement, but since it’s live already and you can even watch a screencast about it, here’s the rexblog’s first-ever Web 2.0 scoop: the Backpack calendar feature. Here’s a screenshot:
Update: Speaking of firsts, this weblog has received its first-ever credit from TechCrunch for a scoop. Note: I feel this is pretty much it when it comes to my Web 2.0 scoops. I can now retire and going back to posting about bluegrass music and my tomatoes.
Technorati Tags: backpack, web2.0
Categories: All other, rexblogTags: All other
2 thoughts on “Backpack adds a calendar”
Steve Kirks says:
Ah, the power of social networking. Which ego feed was it that tripped the trigger?
rex says:
I have an RSS feed of a Feedster.com search of my name that turned it up. I have some others set up — Steve Rubel has a post somewhere with a list of ways to do it. The Feedster one seems to work good if the word your are tracking appears in a weblog.
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About the can.
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The 700-km Commute
By Eick von Ruschkowski Mar. 21, 2003 , 10:00 AM
If you'd like to read this article in German, click here
Geologists Dominique Lattard (52) and Volker Schenk (57) are very close; in fact, they've been married to each other for 20 years. But in a geographical sense they are not very close at all: Dominique Lattard is professor of experimental and theoretical mineralogy at the University of Heidelberg; Volker Schenk is professor of petrography at the University of Kiel. After receiving her doctoral degree in geology in Paris, Lattard came to Germany in 1974 to conduct research at universities in Bochum, Aachen, Kiel, and Berlin, before she was appointed professor in Heidelberg in 1996 after her successful habilitation (German secondary doctorate degree). As of the end of last year, she also is the university's women's representative. Volker Schenk studied geology in Gießen, Marburg, and Göttingen. He received his doctorate and habilitation degree from Ruhr University Bochum before he was appointed professor in Kiel in 1985.
Lattard and Schenk talk about their experiences as dual-career couple and weekend long-distance commuters.
Next Wave: Professor Lattard, Professor Schenk, for how long have you been in this long-distance relationship?
Schenk: We got married in 1983, and since then we have mostly lived in different places, with the exception of a 2-year interruption from 1986 until 1988, when we both were in Kiel together.
Next Wave: But your plans at the beginning of your careers were probably different.
Lattard: Of course, but the circumstances have always led to our scientific careers being tied to different cities. We didn't choose this voluntarily.
Next Wave: How far are you currently commuting?
Lattard: Since I became professor in Heidelberg in 1996, we have commuted between Heidelberg and Kiel.
Next Wave: Have you split up the burden?
Schenk: The distance is more than 700 kilometres each way. We travel alternately, so each of us visits the other one every other week. The train ride takes 7 hours one way, which means that each of us has to travel 14 hours every 14 days.
Next Wave: Isn't this exhausting?
Lattard: After such a long time, you get used to it. I can work on the train; that usually works very well.
Next Wave: How did this dilemma of having to commute start out?
Lattard: The problem didn't exist in the beginning. We met each other in Bochum in 1974. I was a German Academic Exchange Service ( DAAD) fellow. Prior to that, I had received my doctoral degree in France and a permanent position at the Université Pierre et Marie Curie in Paris. When I came to Bochum, Volker was a PhD student. I enjoyed the year in Bochum, not only because of him, but also because the work environment was very productive. After my return to France, I actively sought a position in Germany and got a scientific assistant position in Bochum in late 1975.
Schenk: After I finished my doctoral degree, I got a position as a scientific assistant in Bochum. So my career seemed to run a pretty normal course.
Lattard: The commuting started in 1983 when I had reached the term limits in Bochum. After that, I took a position at RWTH Aachen while Volker was working on his habilitation.
Next Wave: So you were the one who started commuting?
Lattard: Yes. We gave Volker's career some priority. As a matter of fact, it is important to point out that it was quite difficult for women to find adequate positions in those days, because we were discriminated against.
Schenk: That's absolutely true. It was very common to place men on permanent or assistant positions while women were "tolerated" on temporary or project-funded positions.
Next Wave: Did the need to commute have any influence on your decision to get married?
Lattard: No. It may have had minimal impact, but in general not.
Next Wave: When your terms in Bochum and Aachen came to an end, did you try again to find jobs at the same geographic location?
Lattard: That turned out to be quite difficult. We had agreed that we would go wherever the first one of us found a job. But Volker got his appointment in Kiel immediately after he finished his habilitation. So I followed him to Kiel, although I had not yet found anything there. It wasn't easy for me. A decisive moment for me occurred at a scientific convention, when a colleague of mine seriously told me that since Volker had gotten the offer, I could stay at home now. That was the last thing I wanted to do! That really was a big setback for me. The only things I managed to get in Kiel were a few temporary jobs at the university, but I never got rid of the feeling that I was no more than tolerated there.
Schenk: I tried to support Dominique, but that was regarded by others with mistrust, especially because there were two other couples in my work group. One of these couples, by the way, has solved all the problems arising from being a dual-career couple by sharing one full-time position. But this wasn't possible until 1998 and was a difficult process until it got through.
Next Wave: Was there an opportunity for your wife to get a position at your institute?
Schenk: The institute didn't want it. That was also due to the competition among the work groups. Internal infighting should not be underestimated. And even if Dominique had gotten a position in a different work group because of her different scientific focus, people would have said in secret that it was only to support me. Envy can be a major incitement.
Next Wave: The time in Kiel was really frustrating for you?
Lattard: Definitely. I had no chance to get a job in Kiel, I couldn't start my habilitation, and when I applied at other places I was told more than once, "If your husband is in Kiel, you won't come here anyway." But after these frustrating times, I managed to get a job in Berlin in 1989. It was a 1-year temporary contract, reduced to two-thirds part-time. Since I already had my doctorate, I was overqualified for this position, but I was just happy to have found something, and my new colleagues welcomed me warmly. When the university started a women's support programme a little bit later, my position was turned into a full-time assistant's position. And I was almost 40 by then! Nevertheless, the time in Berlin was very productive. I completed my habilitation at 44, and then I got the offer from Heidelberg.
Next Wave: Do you still have hope that you might work in the same city one day?
Schenk: No, I think we have come to terms with the fact that this situation will last for the remainder of our professional careers.
Lattard: I'd consider a half-time position if this option were available ...
Schenk: ? which is problematic because half-time positions are rather unwanted in the scientific community. It is still highly unrealistic that two people share one professorship; this is still a taboo.
Next Wave: Does the necessity to travel affect your work schedule?
Schenk: Certainly. We both have full work weeks, and I mean real work weeks. We have not become so-called "DiMiDo-professors" because of our situation. ["DiMiDo" stands for "Tuesday-Wednesday-Thursday," and is a colloquial term for professors who rather seldom show up at their institutions. - Ed.] When I leave for Heidelberg for the weekend, it is not before 16.39 on a Friday afternoon.
Lattard: We usually try to keep our weekends free from work, which is sometimes really difficult during the semester. During the week, I need some avocation, too, so I am trying to do something other than work on two nights each week.
Next Wave: And during the week, you communicate by telephone?
Schenk: Yes, we talk every day. It helps us reflect on the daily business, talk about problems or frustrations. It really is an advantage that we work in similar fields and environments. We have a good understanding for the other one's situation.
Next Wave: Do you think that you would still be able to live in one place for a longer period of time?
Schenk (laughs): Yes, it is not a problem at all.
Next Wave: Are there any positive side effects from commuting that much?
Schenk: We got to know several cities, which wouldn't have happened otherwise.
Lattard: We often also meet other interesting people on the train, sometimes other commuting scientists.
Schenk: From our experience, there are a lot of scientific couples who commute between places. If you want to meet scientists, just take a train across Germany on a Friday afternoon or evening.
Next Wave: What could be done to improve the situation for such dual-career couples from your point of view?
Lattard: Solutions are not easy to come by because scientific positions in Germany are tied to a certain place. The prevailing hierarchical system also obstructs solutions. I would favour the idea of creating portable jobs or funding schemes. The CNRS in France has created such a scheme, which includes portability of the position. Although it is anchored to one place originally, you are free to choose whether you want to stay there or move to another place. And if your partner happens to be bound to a certain location, you could just move there with your own position. Such a scheme would also be helpful for German universities in general, because there's a lack of postdoctoral positions overall.
Schenk: The active support of job-sharing models should be considered, too.
Next Wave: Do you have any advice for others who are in a situation similar to yours?
Schenk: It is difficult to give general advice because situations vary individually. One thing is for sure though: Our situation would be much more difficult for two people who just got to know each other. It requires a strong bond between partners. But in retrospective, we can both say with conviction that we would again decide to pursue scientific careers.
Lattard: Most certainly. Maybe today it would also be easier to combine career and a family, something that didn't work out for us because the situation was very difficult.
Next Wave: How do friends perceive your unusual relationship?
Schenk: We know many other couples with science careers, so I think we are not really regarded as unusual. Only the finance office thinks this: We keep all our tickets because some people there obviously think that our marriage only exists on paper.
Issues and Perspectives
Eick von Ruschkowski
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