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The dataset generation failed
Error code: DatasetGenerationError
Exception: ArrowInvalid
Message: JSON parse error: Missing a closing quotation mark in string. in row 59
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 153, in _generate_tables
df = pd.read_json(f, dtype_backend="pyarrow")
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 815, in read_json
return json_reader.read()
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1025, in read
obj = self._get_object_parser(self.data)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1051, in _get_object_parser
obj = FrameParser(json, **kwargs).parse()
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1187, in parse
self._parse()
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1403, in _parse
ujson_loads(json, precise_float=self.precise_float), dtype=None
ValueError: Trailing data
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1997, in _prepare_split_single
for _, table in generator:
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 156, in _generate_tables
raise e
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 130, in _generate_tables
pa_table = paj.read_json(
File "pyarrow/_json.pyx", line 308, in pyarrow._json.read_json
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 154, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 91, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
pyarrow.lib.ArrowInvalid: JSON parse error: Missing a closing quotation mark in string. in row 59
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1529, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1154, in convert_to_parquet
builder.download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1029, in download_and_prepare
self._download_and_prepare(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1124, in _download_and_prepare
self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1884, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
File "/src/services/worker/.venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 2040, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the datasetNeed help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
pred_label
string | pred_label_prob
float64 | wiki_prob
float64 | text
string | source
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Only freshly distilled water and fresh, sterile "vs" isotonic saline are used in cleansing and preparing the equipment. This is emphasized by the fact that while it dropped out of medical tradition, the memoiy of it remained among the poets, and especially among the dramatists: generic. This nausea seems to be of a similar nature to that produced by the ergot of rye, and calls for class no further discussion.
Let a subject with normal hearing listen to the mg tick of a watch at the threshold of perception. Laidley referred to; and taking into consideration the risk and dangers x of the operation, even with antiseptic precautions, and also the fact that a stiff, obstructing member, attached to the trunk in the shape of a leg, is apt to be rather a disadvantage than an advantage, the question seriously presents itself to preis me whether amputation should not before the patient and he be allowed to decide.
Lyell s syndrome urticaria, arthralgia, fever, rashes (all allergic reactions require prompt and permanent withdrawal of the drug), proteinuria hematuria, oliguria, anuria, renal failure with azotemia, nephrotic syndrome, bilateral renal cortical necrosis, renal stones, ureteral obstruction with uric acid crystals due to uricosuric action of drug, impaired renal function, cardiac decompensation, hypertension, pericarditis, diffuse interstitial myocarditis with muscle necrosis, perivascular granulomata, aggravation of temporal arteritis toprol in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica, optic neuritis, blurred vision, retinal hemorrhage, toxic amblyopia, retinal detachment, hearing loss, hyperglycemia, thyroid hyperplasia, toxic goiter, association of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism (causal relationship not established), agitation, confusional states, lethargy, CNS reactions associated with psychosis, depression, headaches, hallucinations. McLeod was declared elected councilor for the pain Ninth District for the ensuing three years to succeed himself.
I say less important because it does metatoprol not matter very much in this disease whether one corrects the edema or not. He returned to there 12.5 until he died.
There is some swelling of the Does, unlike ewes, will occasionally stand for 160 mounting by other does. Remember their inestimable value in all emergencies of either peace or war (do). Sproat, Valley Falls; benicar delegates, Drs. The loaves and the fishes have been distributed and Now, cozaar Mr. While "80" the mercurial treatment is going on, the patient bocomes sensible of pain on breathing cold air, drinking cold or hot liquids or similar actions, which increases with the treatment and stops when the mercury is no longer used. At that moment death is very near, but as the heart continues to beat, it is fair to assume that a small quantity of blood still finds its way through the lungs, and, from its very scantiness, is capable of being aerated by means of the exchanges of gases still going on in the lungs, owing to the presence of residual with air during the temporary, partial or complete arrest of respiration. These changes have occurred the recent years, testing will the vitality and fluidity of the democratic way of life. Let the mother have brains, and if you how go around stealing them. And - shore, Director State Laboratory of Hygiene, Dr. Take the history hctz of Napoleon, who died of carcinoma implicating the pylorus.
It is becoming increasingly apparent that a side well balanced diet with sufficient vitamins A, C, E, and B complex is essential for fish to resistance mechanisms.
There was advanced cancer of the cervix, and only a effects few drops of urine could be drawn off from the bladder. It is quite likely that after the onset of the symptoms, and while he was in bed, there was objective anaesthesia, the physician who was called at this time saw 320 him but That the bladder and rectum were not involved to a greater extent than has been stated, was due to the location of the hemorrhage and its limited extent. If his studies are confirmed, the routine use of this procedure in the follow-up of luetics under syphilis at a much earlier stage than is The importance of the early diagnosis and when thorough treatment of syphilis cannot be overemphasized. The dura over the base of the skull is so intimately attached to the bone that even a slight fracture is always accompanied by injury to the dura and the escape of the resulting hemorrhage into "together" the subdural or subarachnoid spaces. This question of breeding and perpetuating the human species is really the greatest problem social economists and political economists have of to solve. Following the paper, there was an informal discussion, after which dinner was held at the beat Orleans Dr. An investigation adapting the method of examination devised for the vitamin A study in rats will probably continue through the year: hct.
Okul Şiirleri
Önemli Günler Haftalar
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Xi warns of Party 'cabals and cliques'
"There are careerists and conspirators existing in our Party and undermining the Party's governance,"Xi said in a speech on Tuesday.
'Substantial efforts' by Tokyo urged to lift ties
In the wake of his visit to China over the weekend, Japanese Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida is apparently moving to lobby Southeast Asian countries to contain China on the South China Sea issue, experts said.
President Xi Jinping has warned of "cabals and cliques" in the Communist Party of China (CPC), while also denying that the ousting of officials on corruption charges indicated a "'House of Cards' power struggle."
Navy and ASEAN take part in drill
The PLA Navy joined countries from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations in a maritime exercise on Monday, signaling a further step in recent frequent exchanges with the regional bloc.
PLA enlists rap-style music video to recruit young people
The song, called Battle Declaration, which was posted on PLA Daily's website on Thursday, is the first hip-hop video made by the PLA.
PLA uses rap-style music video as new recruiting tool
The People's Liberation Army (PLA) has released a rap-style music video filled with masculine lyrics and advanced weapons on ThursdayIn in an attempt to attract more young men to join the military.
Li meets with Tokyo's envoy, urges Japan to nurture ties
Healthy and stable ties between China and Japan are in the interest of both countries and people, Li told Kishida on Saturday.
Belt, Road is not only about China, Xi says
China will consider and serve the long-term interests of all countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative, President Xi vowed.
Tianjin introduces new factory pollution charges
Tianjin began charging factories for emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC), a major contributor to air pollution, on Sunday.
Premier Li urges Japan to put bilateral relations on right track
Premier Li Keqiang urged Japan to stick to peaceful development, as well as take positive policies toward China to improve bilateral ties when meeting with visiting Japanese Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida in Beijing on Saturday.
Chinese FM makes requirements on improving China-Japan ties
Foreign Minister Wang Yi made a four-point requirement on improving China-Japan ties during talks with his Japanese counterpart Fumio Kishida.
Beijing hits out over 'carping comments'
The US is not qualified to make "carping comments on China" as it has not signed on to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Foreign Ministry said.
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Supreme court appoints top environmental judge
China's supreme court has appointed a senior judge to handle environmental cases as the country bids to get tough on polluters and improve the way its laws are enforced.
CPC membership records slower growth
The Communist Party of China (CPC), the world's largest political party, witnessed a slower membership growth rate last year as the Party began to enlist new members in a more prudent and balanced manner.
Party chief of Guangzhou city dismissed for graft probe
Wan Qingliang was dismissed from his post as Party chief of Guangzhou city in south China's Guangdong province, said the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Monday.
China to increase personnel for peace
China, the largest contributor of personnel to United Nations peacekeeping, will provide more expertise and training to fight cross-border crime on top of its traditional role of maintaining order and security.
Evacuation to Baghdad - journey of life and death
It was above 40 degrees Celsius in the northern Iraqi city of Samarra, but the scorching desert temperature could not dampen the expectations of over 600 Chinese workers for an incoming bus convoy that would evacuate them to safety.
Li seeks regional stability
Premier Li Keqiang said China is firmly committed to regional peace and stability while meeting with leaders of neighboring countries on Saturday.
Xi pledges China will never seek hegemony
China will never seek hegemony, no matter how strong it becomes, President Xi Jinping said on Saturday at a high-profile meeting to mark the 60th anniversary of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.
Chinese president stresses sovereign equality
President Xi Jinping says countries should uphold sovereign equality and oppose any attempt to oust the legitimate government of a country through illegal means.
Chinese president: flexing military muscles does not reflect strength
President Xi Jinping calls on countries to uphold common security, saying flexing military muscles only reveals the lack of moral ground or vision rather than reflecting one's strength.
Chinese, Indian, Myanmar leaders mark 60-yr-old peace principles
Chinese President Xi Jinping, Myanmar President U Thein Sein and Indian Vice President Mohammad Hamid Ansari gathered in Beijing on Saturday to mark the 60th anniversary of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.
Former CPC chief of quake-hit city expelled
The former Communist Party chief of a quake-hit city in southwest China has been expelled from the Party and dismissed from his public post
Chen Zhenggao appointed minister of housing, urban-rural development
China's top legislature on Friday appointed Chen Zhenggao as head of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, replacing Jiang Weixin.
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Welcome to a fresh link review from stormy and rainy Sweden!
Development news: Commitment to development (Sweden is #1!); Rwanda's cash transfer program everybody is talking about; Canada's OECD-DAC peer review; UN Women staff sacked over #AidToo; is the UNSG under siege? Citizens United Against Inhumanity; is pessimism a privilege? Positive thinking & poverty; edutainment meets behavioral science; CARE's humanitarian imaginary; Africa is always portrayed as a passive woman; accepting charity with dignity; challenging white drones; the radical history of Jean-Jacques Dessalines.
Our digital lives: Excuses are like...white male panel edition; Mo' cryptocurrencies, mo' opportunities for tax havens!
Publications: Investigative journalism in Africa; ending extreme poverty; medical brain drain? Not so fast!
Academia: Caribbean hurricane vulnerability & British colonial plantations.
Commitment to Development Index 2018
The Commitment to Development Index ranks 27 of the world’s richest countries on policies that affect more than five billion people living in poorer nations. Because development is about more than foreign aid, the Index covers seven distinct policy areas: Aid, Finance, Technology, Environment, Trade, Security & Migration.
Ian Mitchell, Anita Käppeli, Lee Robinson, Caitlin McKee & Arthur Baker for CDG with all the details about the Commitment to Development Index.
The Countries That Give The Most In Aid Aren’t Necessarily Helping
April Zhu for Bright Magazine with more background on the index in an interview with Anita Käppeli.
How can the U.S. be sure the money it spends on programs to help people in poor countries is *actually* making a difference? An economist pushed @USAID to try a novel test. The results are out … and they’re proving … awkward. https://t.co/FbNjg02JBo pic.twitter.com/93cq78peNs
— NPR Goats & Soda (@NPRGoatsandSoda) September 18, 2018
A/B Testing Foreign Aid
On Thursday, USAID released the results of this innovative A/B test. As it turns out, neither the holistic intervention nor the smaller cash transfers moved the needle much on nutrition. The tailored program did increase savings, while the small cash transfer allowed individuals to repay debt and accumulate assets. Larger cash transfers (about $530 per household), however, had substantial effects. Households increased their productive assets by 76 percent, saved 60 percent more, and were able to consume 32 percent more than in the past. They were able to buy more varied food for their families. Children in these households were taller, weighed more, and were less likely to die early.
Michael Faye and Paul Niehaus for the Atlantic...looks like everybody showed in interest in the Rwanda cash transfer program.
1/ I’m actually a big fan of #cash for some poverty reduction & #globaldev goals, but does anyone else also want more nuance and less blanket uses of “foreign aid” in the discussion of these (exciting, yes) results? There are things having $100 in your pocket cannot fix...like: https://t.co/Uv9DuIu4Zb
— Tricia Petruney (@TriciaPetruney) September 16, 2018
Positive review of the effects so far of the merger of aid, trade and foreign affairs into one government department, Global Affairs Canada, from the authoritative @oecd DAC peer review. (Working better than many expected, it seems.) https://t.co/ioFR46MYiE pic.twitter.com/X8PoeeLzU2
— Owen Barder (@owenbarder) September 16, 2018
What do Canada’s peers say about Canadian development cooperation?
The report raises concerns regarding Canada’s relationships with civil society, noting the government’s reliance on project-based funding, and refusal to provide program or core funding as was its practice in the past, preferring to use these organizations as service providers or contractors rather than treating them as development actors in their own right. Similarly, it recommended that Canada provide multilateral development organizations with more unearmarked, core funding. Also highlighted was the government’s continued lack of a clear strategy for engaging with the private sector, including measures to ensure that Canadian companies respect human rights abroad.
The McLeod Group also takes on Canada's DAC peer review report.
Senior UN gender and youth official sacked over sexual misconduct
Kanikkannan said questions remained unanswered regarding the Karkara case, including the issue of why UN Women had declined to name him, why a copy of the report would not be shared with victims, and why the adviser had not been referred to police earlier in the process.
She said: “Firing a staff member is not a punishment proportionate to the severity of the crime. It remains to be seen if the UN follows through on its obligation to cooperate with the authorities. Its system-wide policy of jumping the line ahead of police action has undoubtedly already jeopardised the justice process.”
The investigation into Karkara was carried out by the UN Development Programme’s Office of Audit and Investigation, which delivered a report to UN Women at the end of August.
Hannah Summers for the Guardian on another #AidToo impact story.
Trump Administration Plans U.N. Meeting to Ramp Up the International Drug War
The Trump administration will open a week of high-level meetings at the United Nations General Assembly in New York with a drug policy event featuring President Donald Trump. Invites to the event are being doled out only to those countries that have signed on to a controversial, nonnegotiable action plan, according to documents obtained by The Intercept — among them the countries with the world’s most draconian drug laws.
Samuel Oakford for the Intercept is getting all of us in the mood for UNGA week ;)!
The UN Is Under Siege, So Where Is the Secretary-General?
Guterres is fully aware of the UN’s political flaws as well as structural and staffing shortcomings. We must hope that he finds the fortitude not to shy away from the Sisyphean task of transforming — and that is the word — how the UN does business. Could he use the Trump administration’s tightening of financial screws — including its nearsighted, heartless halt of funding to the UN’s Population Fund (Unfpa) and the Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (Unrwa) and the Green Climate Fund, which supports the Paris Agreement — to do what long has needed doing?
Thomas G. Weiss for PassBlue shares his reflections on the tenure of the current UNSG.
IHSA Conference 2018 | A failing UN and the prospects of world citizenship by Antonio Donini
And this brings us to United Against Inhumanity (UAI), an emerging global movement of citizens and civil society who are outraged by the inability and unwillingness of the formal international system to address the causes and consequences of armed conflict. One of the goals of UAI is to work with citizen and civil society organisations and to put the citizen at the centre of efforts to combat the inhumanity of warfare and the abomination of measures that deny those in need of refuge the right to seek asylum. It aims to increase the political and reputational damage to perpetrators and to support civil society mobilisation actions on the inhumanity of war and the erosion of asylum.
Antonio Donini for the International Humanitarian Studies Association shares his vision of a future with new forms of civil society activism.
“A limited international attention span and a never-ending supply of atrocities means that systematic repression unaccompanied by a high death toll simply incurs fewer reputational costs than a bloodbath.” Read @kcroninfurman on China’s Uighur repression: https://t.co/SZ5WUy8rH0
— Anjali Dayal (@akd2003) September 19, 2018
New Yorker’s Ariel Levy Reflects on Ophelia Dahl, and Optimism as a “Moral Choice”
Ophelia told me that pessimism is the worst possible expression of privilege. Because then you're basically writing off millions of people who simply can't afford to think that way: they can't look at the statistics and conclude, "You know, it doesn't look so good for my family. I think we'll just give up." I try to hang on to that idea when I feel hopeless, that optimism is a moral choice. That the alternative is a failure of not just empathy, but imagination.
Partners in Health talk to Ariel Levy about her experiences in Sierra Leone. Pessimism as privilege...interesting food for discussion...
Why positive thinking won’t get you out of poverty
As a consequence, this approach individualises the ‘problem’ of poverty whilst failing to acknowledge, contextualize, highlight or analyse the structures, institutions and actors that actually make and keep some people poor. For example, the idea that role models can be effective in changing people’s behaviour, emotions and self-concepts isn’t new; what’s new is the belief that these aspirations can lift people out of poverty without broader changes in politics, social structures and institutions. Returning to the brothels of Kolkata, advocating for the removal of psychological barriers may not be effective if the working conditions of sex workers and the structures on which their material deprivation stands continue to go unchallenged.
Farwa Sial & Carolina Alves for Open Democracy take on the original New York Times piece of how positive thinking may help to end poverty.
Bringing Behavioral Science to “Edutainment”
Behavioral scientists can keep demonstrating value to edutainment and social and behavioral change communication, in part through future deployments of this method and increasing the base of evidence. They can do so through much more research about the psychological mechanisms of edutainment, which we have little understanding of yet. In everything from peace building to fertilizer use, edutainment has been used, and behavioral science should be used too.
What is certain is that we must keep working together. Edutainment is the best-funded, best-evidenced approach to behavior change communication at scale. It is vital, and it is not as good as it could be. Behavioral science has much to offer in maximizing its impact.
Tom Wein for the Behavioral Scientist. Tom is a graduate of our ComDev MA program and asks important questions in his essay on how the impact of 'edutainment' can become more scientific.
Gender in Humanitarian Imagery: The Case of CARE International
The analysis of CARE International’s visual communication on Twitter demonstrates that CARE’s imagery has shifted to portray a greater representation of empowered women. Yet, images of women vastly outnumber those of men, and women are portrayed as victims more often than men. As such, CARE’s communication can be characterized by a lack of gender as well as contextual variability. Thus, CARE’s communication reflects a greater entrenchment in, and perpetuation of, a victim paradigm that inadequately represents the needs and capabilities of both genders.
In moral and ethical terms, the emotions of compassion and empathy should be unconstrained by gender. Though women do suffer disproportionately as a result of humanitarian crises, their over-utilization as a means of eliciting compassion and empathy points to an unequal sublimation of who may be deserving of an assistive response. This delineates who can and cannot be a victim, elevating gender roles and dichotomies and marginalizing the agency of both.
The Centre for Feminist Foreign Policy with a well-referenced case study on visual representations of beneficiaries in the context of CARE's communication.
Why is Africa always portrayed as a passive woman?
It’s too easy for even people who know better to describe Africa in relation to its position in Western and now Eastern commodity chains, to accept that the challenge is in finding a suitor rather than emphasising the agency of African people. We pick up the discourse uncritically and in so doing reinforce it. Africa represents “a new economic frontier” and not, for example, a home. “What’s Trump’s position on Africa?” we scramble to answer as if Africa cannot exist without Trump expressing an opinion on it. Yes, it’s in the nature of international economic and political discourse to unsee people, but shouldn’t we resist this dehumanising language?
There’s certainly truth in that African political leaders are so eager to drop everything and traipse around the world, begging bowls in hand, at the beck and call of leaders from other parts of the world. In 2014, rather than visit various African countries, for example, Obama simply summoned them all for a meeting in Washington DC. And they came. Tony Blair did the same thing in 2004. Our presidents scurry off to Brussels and Paris, and China every three years.
Nanjala Nyabola for African Arguments taking on the visual language and rhetoric of 'Africa' displayed at international gatherings and in politics for generally.
'Accepting charity is an ugly business': my return to the refugee camps, 30 years on
“Because people want every hour and dollar they give to be stretched thin.” Hutchings told me that his biggest problem was the volunteers, donors, and their lofty expectations. Many donors want to assign criteria to how their food is given out. They want their money feeding as many as possible, to make sure you spend it only on eggs and bread. They want to police. They don’t care about the “how”. Even the most good-hearted volunteers want to feel thanked. Refugee Support began its work in April 2016 at Alexandreia camp near Thessaloniki, Greece. They set out to open a food store, then a clothing store, a well-designed, peaceful marketplace stocked with donations, where a person of note wouldn’t be ashamed to shop. When Hutchings showed me photographs, I thought: my mother, an Iranian doctor, would shop there. My grandfather, a landowner, would be proud to run into a neighbour there. It was a far cry from the item-specific trucks.
At first, residents made appointments and collected prepared baskets of food, thoughtfully arranged with necessities for each family. Everyone received the same thing, regardless of allergies, habits or taste. But people didn’t have the same needs, and soon there were grumblings, barter, waste.
Hutchings and Sloan decided to display the goods and give people the respect of choosing for themselves. The store’s currency would be points distributed weekly like income – 100 points per adult, 50 per child, 150 for pregnant women. Store prices would be pegged to market prices (20 points per euro). Sanitary items would be free. If residents wanted to spend all their points on chocolate spread, they had that right.
Dina Nayeri for the Guardian on charity, dignity & treating refugees right.
White drones — white pigeons
The Guyana case offers clues to help the move towards structural change, as it highlights issues UNICEF Innovation ignores: the relevance of attitudes and values that frame projects/programs, the need to collaborate with people as equals and the role hardware plays in this, the need to identify and tackle power imbalances in every intervention, the need for knowledge equity, capabilities, and autonomy for adequate impact and sustainability, the need to understand change is a long term thing, not the result of a technology transfer scheme (the tribes and Digital Democracy have been partnering for more than 10 years).
Paz Bernaldo with a long and detailed critique of UNICEF Innovation's approach to innovation & challenging neo-/post-colonial narratives around drones in Guyana.
Meet Haiti's Founding Father, Whose Black Revolution Was Too Radical for Thomas Jefferson
Dessalines’ vision of an autonomous black state – a nation founded by enslaved people who killed their colonial masters – alarmed the patrician Virginia plantation owner, Jefferson’s letters show. The U.S. was also being pressured by southern slave states and French and British diplomats to shun Haiti.
Rather than reckoning with the ills of racial oppression and colonialism, most prominent thinkers across the Americas and Europe interpreted Dessalines’ war as an example of African barbarity.
Julia Gaffield for the Conversation on the re-emergence of a black Caribbean figure that deserves more space in history-making & anti-slavery lectures.
All White Male Panel Topics
I Don’t Have Experience Here, But My Take Is
I Realize We’re Out of Time, But If I Could Just
As I Wrote In My Free Ebook
I’m Sorry I Missed The First Part of This, But I Think
Let’s Hear More From The Same Voices
A Few Problematic Generalizations to Illustrate My Point
Chris Hardie for McSweeney's.
The Tiny Nations Plotting to Become Tax Havens for Cryptocurrencies
Binance, the world’s second-largest cryptocurrency exchange, has moved from China, where it was founded in 2017, to Malta, where it is creating a blockchain-based bank called the Founders Bank. Yanislav Malahov, one of the creators of Ethereum — the second-most popular cryptocurrency after bitcoin — has chosen Liechtenstein as his base to build a new blockchain called Aeternity. And companies like remittance firm eXlama decided to set up shop in Gibraltar, because it was “one of the first” territories to “answer to the demand” for a legal framework for blockchain, cryptocurrencies
Eric Czuleger for Ozy on the next frontier in 'financial services' & tax havenism...
'Investigative Journalism in Africa: An Exploratory Study of Non-Profit Investigative Journalism Organisations in Africa'. Really interesting report by @AlvinNtibinyane on this important topic https://t.co/XW9oMf8rEX
— Martin Scott (@martinscott2010) September 19, 2018
400 mil. people in Sub-Saharan Africa still live in extreme #poverty. This book combines careful research, hard-won experience & ethical advocacy advice on how to bring about change for the most vulnerable. Free download:https://t.co/fSJI7imNT4 #ASAUK18 @devcomms @OfficialUoM pic.twitter.com/Su6cM5O3qm
— Practical Action Publishing (@PractActPubs) September 12, 2018
Brain drain? Not so much. "For each new nurse that moved abroad, approximately two more individuals with nursing degrees graduated... Nurse migration had no impact on either infant or maternal mortality." https://t.co/ln7UWEWumK
— David Evans (@DaveEvansPhD) September 20, 2018
The Plantation’s role in enhancing hurricane vulnerability in the nineteenth-century British Caribbean
Despite all of its attendant vulnerabilities, the plantation remained the centre of British Caribbean society into the late nineteenth century. The fact that the British vision for the region developed so little meant that the plantation continually exposed the region’s inhabitants to increased risk. A hurricane in 1898 that hit Barbados and St. Vincent caused landslips that rendered many homeless and necessitated the rapid importation of provisions and timber. This system, as unsustainable and ill-suited to the region’s environment as it was, remained because it primarily benefitted a select group of people who were far removed from its consequences. Such a conclusion should cause us to reflect on present day developments in the Caribbean.
Oscar Webber for Alternautas with a great historical essay and a reminder that 'natural disasters' are rarely simply 'natural' and often come with a baggage of history, exploitation, vulnerabilities and marginalization as seen in from a British colonial perspective in the Caribbean.
Algiers, Third World Capital (book review)
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A slightly belated link review-again due to travel.
This week I spent some fantastic days in Odessa with colleagues of our internationalization project.
It's a fantastic city and I'm really happy that my job allows for these fantastic opportunities, networks & encounters of beautiful places!
However, the #globaldev universe did not stand still and there are stories about humanitarian challenges in Yemen, WHO travel, returning & new blogging voices as well as a Senegalese soap opera & 'McMindfulness'!
On Jared Diamond's new book:
Until recently, in much of American life, and American writing, the default setting of human being was white and/or male. Today so much writing shatters this default, complicates the point of view. And “Upheaval” reminds us why that matters (Anand Giridharadas).
On the challenges of collaboratibe research projects in dangerous environments:
(M)any Western universities have strict protocols and insurance guidelines about how to assess and avoid risks when the research is conducted internationally, i.e., what type of vehicle to travel in and where not to go. Conversely, research assistants and collaborators based in those regions are rarely protected by the insurance policies. Depending on the context, researchers there are often exposed to varying degrees of risk when conducting the research. The very networks they have and leverage for these projects can be challenging to navigate when resource-rich Western researchers are in the picture (Yolande Bouka).
Correction: WHO Travel story
While overall spending on travel has fallen at WHO, abuses continue. External WHO auditors analyzed 116 randomly selected travel claims that were flagged as “emergency” requests and therefore exempt from stricter U.N. travel controls. They found proof that in more than half the claims, the travel was instead for regular duties like attending workshops or speaking engagements.
“We see therefore a culture of non-compliance by staff involved in emergency operations,” the report authors said. “Raising a (travel request) as emergency, even if it is not compliant with the criteria for emergency travel, shows a breakdown in controls and results (in a) waste of resources.”
WHO’s auditors said when some staffers flew business class even though they didn’t meet the U.N. criteria to do so, they failed to submit paperwork justifying the exception.
“Based on the difference in ticket costs for business class and economy class, savings could have been realized by the organization,” the report said, citing more than 500 travel requests last year that may have broken the rules.
Maria Cheng for AP; this story has been updated (bonus points for AP's transparency!), but my comments from my Tweet below are still very valid.
I agree on the compliance aspect, but flying/traveling is a complicated, political one-size-sometimes-doesnt-fit-all issue - a bit like everything else in #globaldev ;)!https://t.co/Xk8pSZDc2e https://t.co/le1GafAKE5
— Tobias Denskus (@aidnography) May 20, 2019
Amin’s regime comes to life in photo exhibition
Uganda Broadcasting Corporations in conjunction with the Uganda Museum launched an exhibition that is showcasing unpublished pictures from the Amin regime.
Many of these had been recorded films and photo negatives that had been archived at UBC for nearly 40 years.
During his regime, Amin is said to have had one of the most advanced media industries on the continent, he had seen the national broadcaster move from black and white to colour and boosted Radio Uganda.
Because of that relationship Amin tried to build with the media, keeping photographers around him, much of the exhibition that is aptly titled “The Unseen Archive of Idi Amin” is from the media’s point of view.
The showcase is a collection of photos describing different stages of the regime such as the expulsion of Asians, the economic war,
Andrew Kaggwa for the Daily Monitor about a great new exhibition in Kampala that a) needs a catalogue and/or b) a tour outside Uganda!
CNN exposes systematic abuse of aid in Yemen
With food not getting to the right people but instead used to buy support, feed fighters or sold for funds, CNN asked the UN's Grande if she was worried that the aid programs could actually be prolonging Yemen's devastating war.
"Certainly, humanitarians are not political. We're here to keep people alive," she replied, notably not saying no.
"The responsibility for ending the conflict is in the hands of the people who are driving that conflict," Grande said. "It is the responsibility of the humanitarians to say to the people who are responsible for the war, these are the consequences of your actions, this is the impact of the decision to take up arms and to bring this country to war."
Sam Kiley, Sarah El Sirgany & Brice Lainé for CNN. See the link below as well...humanitarian aid is bloody complicated to do well!
An ex-Credit Suisse banker has become the first person to plead guilty in #Mozambique's $2 billion tuna-bond scandal. https://t.co/9P0xaCn1F8
— Paul Wallace (@PaulWallace123) May 21, 2019
It is time for the humanitarian sector to let go of some of the fundamental – but outdated – assumptions, structures and behaviours that prevent it from adapting to meet the needs of people in crises.
This is a proposal for radical change to create a humanitarian system that is fit to respond to the challenges of both today and tomorrow. It calls for:
letting go of power and control;
letting go of perverse incentives; and
letting go of divisions to embrace differences
UN agencies and large INGOs should reorient their activities away from direct implementation, taking on a more enabling role. Such a shift would support national and local organisations to undertake crisis response roles on their own. This requires channelling funds to and rewarding staff for collaborating with local organisations.
The Inter-Agency Standing Committee, the humanitarian system’s high-level coordination body, should enlarge its membership to include non-traditional organisations and decentralise leadership and strategic-level decision-making to those closer to crises.
ODI is calling for radical change of the humanitarian system-and is communicating it with a great website!
Graham Parsons for Humanitarian Law & Policy with some food for thought on men, masculinities & wars.
The BBC just asked me what Binyavanga's legacy would be. I wish I could have said this more articulately - to me his most important legacy isn't even the writing per se. It's that he made room - he published us, invited us into the platforms, shouted down the walls of Jericho.
— Nanjala Nyabola (@Nanjala1) May 22, 2019
How a Senegalese soap opera went viral across Africa by giving women an authentic voice
The show revolves around the lives of four modern urban women based in Dakar. First there is Marème, the unapologetic mistress of Cheikh. Cheikh is married to Lalla—another key character. She’s his devoted wife but is in the dark about his other life. Then there is the reclusive Racky, with a managerial position in the male-dominated construction industry. Lastly there is Dialika a successful professional who is married to Birame, an abusive, narcissistic alcoholic. Other strong female characters include Mamy, a go-getter career woman who still struggles to get over being made fun of as a child for her weight and Dior, a single independent-minded woman.
Ciku Kimeria for Quartz with an update on a communication for social change favorite, the soap opera ;)!
Cate Blanchett co-creates and stars in refugee detention TV drama ‘Stateless’
Originally inspired by the life of Cornelia Rau, the story intertwines complex personal stories to reveal a system struggling with the the contradictions of immigration and border protection.
Rau, a German-Australian woman and former air hostess, attracted attention in 2005 after she escaped a controversial sect known as Kenja, only to be held at the Baxter detention centre in South Australia as a suspected illegal immigrant.
Blanchett said that while the story was focused on Australia, it explored global themes: “The desire for personal freedom, the need for social stability, an escalating lack of faith in the political process and the deeply unsettling impact this has on individual lives.”
Women in the World with an interesting project to keep an eye on...
#PowerShifts Resources: Reclaiming Representation
This week, I’ve focused the resources on reclaiming representation, tackling a very sticky blindspot that covers the ways in which we choose to communicate, and which knowledge(s) is/are privileged in this process.
Maria Faciolince for fp2p gets an important discussion going with some great case studies on how to tell #globaldev stories differently.
Resources to share on communicating social change
Jennifer Lentfer started this useful Google Doc.
Can Twitter help drive policy change?
With support from Oxfam Intermón and other allies, they launched the digital action on Twitter. It lasted barely a few hours, yet generated significant engagement and reach. The strategy proved to be successful, because just a short while later, political representatives from Barcelona Municipality, Barcelona Diputación, and Cataluña Autonomous government contacted L’associació asking to discuss and respond to the allegations raised on social media.
After a few days, a proposal was approved to oblige Barcelona’s City Hall to report and prove that it was not financing fundamentalist groups. In the Catalonian Parliament, a question was publicly addressed to the Social Affairs Counselor, asking for explanations. And thirdly, the Barcelona Diputació approved a resolution committing not to finance these kind of groups.
The digital advocacy action was successful in putting the issue on the political agenda, and opening a door for policy change in defense of human rights.
Rodrigo Barahona, Virginia Vaquera & Patricia Corcuera for Oxfam Views & Voices. Interesting case study-but the 7 building blocks for success also sound quite generic. With many aspects of viral social media success we will never quite know why they worked out-nothing new since the days of #Kony2012 ;)!
Celebrating Independence Day May 20th
Dates, stats, facts. Things that you now know. What I would most like to share with you though is the experience of children EVERYWHERE, so many pregnant women, and babies and young people. They swarm out of the schools and work in the markets and hang about on the streets, the Mall in Dili is heaving with them at the mobile phone shops. And in the village this weekend a huddle of 10 very small boys traipsed us through the bush to a waterfall where they promptly stripped naked and swam with us in the pool at its base. One offered to carry a bag, another held my hand over the roughest bits. We asked how old they were…10, 12, 14. Not one of them was as big as our 5-year-old grandson. Genetics yes, malnutrition, definitely.
It has become more & more difficult to discover new #globaldev blogs-so I'm glad I stumbled across Ruth Mackenzie's writing from Timor Leste on Adventure Awaits!
On Ending Chapters and Starting New Ones
Individual and collective wellbeing in the aid sector nevertheless remains my passion, after having spent over four years studying stress among aid workers in Kenya, and having worked in many organisations where lack of attention to staff care has had negative implications for my health and the health of my colleagues. So although I’m in the transition phase of finishing my Phd, waking each day with some inertia and indeed some emotion as I let go of this last chapter of my life, I also know there is much work to be done in challenging organisational cultures and practices that not only damage staff but the very humanitarian ethos and caring aspirations of the aid sector. I am thus striking a delicate balance between resting, enjoying a life that goes beyond the mental angst and solitude of academia, and of connecting my ideas and values with meaningful action.
Gemma Houldey for Life in Crisis. Not only did Gemma recently finish her amazing PhD, she is also back at blogging!
Why We Need To Rethink Charity.
Nas Daily watched Poverty, Inc and now he wants to rethink charity...he's focusing a lot on donations and hand-outs-the kind of discussion the #globaldev industry seemed to have had ten years ago-and in the end he leaves on a cliff-hanger to listen to his forthcoming podcast which I'm suspecting will have a lot of AMAZING local female social entrepreneurs that do so much good in (POOR COUNTRY) without Western donations...some readers may remember Nas Daily from his expedition to PNG...
What to Do When You’re a Country in Crisis
A remaining problem with “Upheaval” is one that cannot be fact-checked away, but, happily, is already being fixed across the world of letters. Until recently, in much of American life, and American writing, the default setting of human being was white and/or male. Today so much writing shatters this default, complicates the point of view. And “Upheaval” reminds us why that matters.
When Diamond describes “highly egalitarian social values” as an ethos that has “remained unchanged” in Australia, despite having written a chapter about the country’s history of legalized racism, he is using a definition of egalitarian that applies only to white people. When he says, “Social status in Japan depends more on education than on heredity and family connection,” he is ignoring what it means to be born a woman. “Of course, my list of U.S. problems isn’t exhaustive,” he admits. “Problems that I don’t discuss include race relations and the role of women.” You know, the problems affecting the vast majority of Americans.
Anand Giridharadas for the New York Times takes apart Jared Diamond's latest book in one of this week's must read!
The recent review of Jared Diamond’s book is spot-on. I have expressed similar frustrations over how only particular sorts of people are granted the opportunity to publish fact-free pieces without any pushback from their publishers to adhere to basic academic rigour. pic.twitter.com/sMHLqhhrxB
— Nathan Oseroff-Spicer (@nathanoseroff) May 20, 2019
The faux revolution of mindfulness
This present momentism appears, at least on the surface, as a therapeutic solvent for all our problems, making our present situation more bearable. But this bearability of the status quo amounts to a permanent retreat to the psychic bomb shelter of now, a kind of bury-your-head in the sand mindfulness which acts as a sanitized palliative for neoliberal subjects who have lost hope for alternatives to capitalism.
The faux mindfulness revolution provides a way of endlessly coping with the problems of capitalism by taking refuge in the fragility of the present moment; the new chronic leaves us mindfully maintaining the status quo. This is a cruel optimism that encourages settling for a resigned political passivity. Mindfulness then becomes a way of managing, naturalizing and enduring toxic systems, rather than turning personal change towards a critical questioning of the historical, cultural, and political conditions that are responsible for social suffering.
Robert Purser for Open Democracy on his new book 'McMindfulness'.
Airbnb teams up with 23andMe to recommend heritage travel destinations
"We empower 23andMe customers to learn about themselves and their ancestry through their unique genetic code,” said 23andMe CEO and cofounder Anne Wojcicki. “Working with Airbnb, a leader who is reimagining travel, provides an exciting opportunity for our customers to connect with their heritage through deeply personal cultural and travel experiences."
Kyle Wiggers for Venture Beat with this week's edition of 'what could possibly go wrong when two data capitalist platforms join forces' ?!?
Moderating a group on Facebook
In so doing, I have discovered enormous differences in cultural practices on Facebook, and have been particularly struck by how blatant the use of sexual innuendo and imagery can often be. I’m afraid that this is one of the main reasons why I choose not to add people to the Group.
Tim Unwin's hands-on reflections and advice are certainly not just limited to ICT4D groups...
Interview – Abbey Steele
Institutionally, I think again the challenges that conflict studies faces are not very different from other fields, and I do think there is a long way to go. I think women are leading the way on some of the most interesting trends in conflict scholarship: on in-depth fieldwork, mixed methods, ethical considerations, big questions, and rich and analytically clear theories. But do I see women earning awards, grants, invited talks and promotions at rates that reflect these contributions? I don’t know. I think it’s hard to account for the gender gap at the top of our profession without taking sexism into account. Another problem is a gender gap in citations, which has been documented by IR scholars. I recently read an article that of 40 citations, 2 were women – on a topic where there is fantastic, cutting edge work by junior women scholars. That’s why I believe that practices in journals to encourage or require authors to check the gender balance on their citations is important.
Abbey Steele for E-International Relations with a lot of great #highered food for thought on conflict studies, gender, Columbia,...
Considering power imbalances in collaborative research
Doing research in conflict-affected settings can be dangerous. Consequently, many Western universities have strict protocols and insurance guidelines about how to assess and avoid risks when the research is conducted internationally, i.e., what type of vehicle to travel in and where not to go. Conversely, research assistants and collaborators based in those regions are rarely protected by the insurance policies. Depending on the context, researchers there are often exposed to varying degrees of risk when conducting the research. The very networks they have and leverage for these projects can be challenging to navigate when resource-rich Western researchers are in the picture.
When issues of gender, race or citizenship make traveling or conducting specific types of research in some regions, accompanied by a Western researcher, more dangerous, so-called local researchers may be sent to the field alone. Or after preliminary fieldwork is done and Western researchers return to their teaching obligations, local researchers may be tasked with gathering the remainder of data on their own. When these researchers are excluded from the development of research and security protocols it can lead to failures to accurately assess risks. Unfortunately, the precarity of many researchers in the Global South often leads them not to push back when faced with requests they believe can be dangerous. Instead, they navigate risks as best they can, making use of their social capital and personal resources.
Yolande Bouka for the Rift Valley Institute with important questions about how mainstream academia re-creates power imbalances in many of our research interactions.
Reviewing Course Evaluations: The Drinking Game
Drink if students compare you to a pop culture figure who has a vaguely similar ethnicity.
If your department or college emailed you to discuss your evaluations, which were “below departmental average,” call out sick and head to the liquor store for a re-stock. Because at Lake Woebegone University, everyone should teach above average.
Drink if students recommended a study guide. By “study guide,” they mean “the exact questions you will ask on the exam.”
Steph Jeffries for McSweeney's with a great new edition of buzzword bingo/academic drinking game!
Humanitarian Wars? (book review)
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News Item: Maryland passes law that requires Wal-Mart to increase health insurance coverage
for its employees.
Comment: Bad idea. From a macro perspective, it perpetuates reliance on the strange system
under which a person's access to health care is dependent on where the person
works. As to specifics, the law says that any shortfall below 8% of payroll must
be paid into the state's Medicaid fund. It is doubtful that all Wal-Mart employee s
who receive less than the 8% move onto the Medicaid rolls. If the law survives
judicial challenge (the law applies only to organizations with more than 10,000
employees and happens to affect only Wal-Mart), one result may be higher prices
for the Maryland consumers who do not cross the state line to make purchases.
ALITO FILIBUSTER
The Democrats may not have to reach a decision on whether to attempt a filibuster on the nomination of Judge Samuel A. Alito Jr. to serve as justice on the U.S. Supreme Court. In the committee hearings, he is conducting a filibuster on his own. When a Democratic Senator finally asks a question, Judge Alito often gives a long response, complete with citations and detailed description of the relevant cases. His responses often leave the Democratic Senators
fumbling, like Jeanine Pirro, for what to say next.
Judge Alito has a lot of help with this faux filibuster. Each Senator seems to feel obliged
drone on and on with statements of philosophy and individual agenda arguments.
These responses, together with the excruciating long preambles by each Senator, have converted the hearing room into a torture chamber. Judge Alito has to sit calmly for hours and hours; spectators and reporters must also suffer. Such torture. Where are you, Senator McCain, when we need you?
The result so far: the Democrats have not laid a glove on him. There has been a lot of huffing and puffing about very little. Judge Alito failed to recuse himself as promised in one case until
requested by one of the participating attorneys. Much has been made of the fact that in 1985 he cited membership in Concerned Alumni of Princeton (CAP)when applying for a position in the Reagon administration. Because this organization had opposed admission of women and minorities, there was the taint of bigotry in the air. But no one believes that Judge Alito is any sort of bigot. The most that can be said that he obviously cited CAP as evidence of his conservative credentials but now conveniently claims no memory of CAP while he has demonstrated a prodigious memory of legal cases and long ago events.
More "troubling" - the word of the day for Democratic Senators - is his position on abortion and its implication for Roe v. Wade. In 1985, he wrote that his personal belief was that the Constitution did not protect the right of a woman to choose an abortion. Despite repeated attempts, the Democratic Senators could not get Judge Alito to say whether this was still his belief. He says that he will approach any abortion case with an open mind, as if any nominee would offer to approach with a closed mind. On executive and presidential power, he seems to be able to rest on his response that the President is not above the law.
The format of these hearings is faulty. The Senators grandstand. The Republicans praise the nominee as though he warrants the Nobel Prize, but often make statements or cite precedents that increase the fears for Roe v. Wade. The Democrats don't know how to ask a follow-up question or coax a "yes" or "no" answer, as a Matlock would surely do. It seems that conduct of the questioning by counsel for each party would constitute a vast improvement.
So Judge Samuel Alito will undoubtedly be confirmed. And he will vote to limit or overturn Roe v. Wade.
News Item: Former Speaker Newt Ginrich has been offering his opinion and his suggestions regarding the current
lobbying scandal involving Jack Abramoff and quite a few members of Congress. Since most of those
who may be tainted are Republicans, Mr. Ginrich's suggestions for reform were directed primaily to
the Republican party. He had some good comments, including criticism of the fund raising done to protect
incumbency. However, he assigned most of the blame to the size of the Federal government and called
for limited government as the cure.
Comment: In Speaker Ginrich's call for limited government, he is way off the mark. Given the size of this nation, its
complexities, and its defense and security commitments, there is not a chance that the government can
shrink so as to make the liklihood of corruption negligible. Think of how much smaller are the state, county,
and local governments. Is corruption there eliminated? Maybe so at town meeting sixe. But that size is
hardly conceivable for our Federal government.
News Item: Some members of the House of Representatives and some Senators have been rushing to return monies received from Jack Abramoff or his associated enterprises. As an alternative, they are making donations to charities. Presiden Bush has done the same.
Comment: What earthly good does this do? Can they return the access granted, contracts awarded, or votes cast? If these actions can redeem or cure the wrong, I suppose a jewel thief could avoid punishment by returning the loot. Or maybe Ken Lay could give back the money and have the charges dropped.
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IPA in the 1860's
Still kicking the Pale Ale dog. And doubtless will be for some time to come.
The text below has something dead handy. An explanation of the strength of IPA and why, in an ideal world, it would have been cheaper. It concurs with a text about Indian brewing I quoted a couple of weeks ago. That said Light Bitter Beers were the most popular products of the breweries based in India.
Ale, Pale or Bitter ; brewed chiefly fur the Indian market and for other tropical countries.—It is a light beverage, with much aroma, and, in consequence of the regulations regarding the malt duty, is commonly brewed from a wort of specific gravity 1055 or upwards; for no drawback is allowed by the Excise on the exportation of beer brewed from worts of a lower gravity than 1054. This impolitic interference with the operations of trade compels the manufacturer of bitter beer to employ wort of a much greater density than he otherwise would do; for beer made from wort of the specific gravity 1042 is not only better calculated to resist secondary fermentation and the other effects of a hot climate, but is also more pleasant and salubrious to the consumer. Under present circumstances the law expects the brewer of bitter beer to obtain four barrels of marketable beer from every quarter of malt he uses, which is just barely possible when the best malt of a good barley year is employed. With every quarter of such malt 16 lbs. of the best hops are used so that, if we assume the cost of malt at 60s. per quarter, and the best hops at 2s. per lb., we shall have, for the prime cost of each barrel of bitter beer—in malt, 15s. ; in hops, 8s.; together, 23s ; from which, on exportation, we must deduct the drawback of 5s. per barrel allowed by the Excise, which brings the prime cost down to 18s. per barrel, exclusive of the expense of manufacture, wear and tear of apparatus, capital invested in barrels, cooperage, &c, which constitute altogether a very formidable outlay. As, however, this ale is sold as high as from 50s. to 65s. per barrel, there can be no doubt that the hitter ale trade has long been, and still continues, an exceedingly profitable speculation, though somewhat hazardous, from the liability of the article to undergo decomposition ere it finds a market.
The East Indian pale ale, or bitter beer, is now brewed in large quantities for the home market at Burton-on-Trent, London, Glasgow, and Leeds, but differs slightly from that exported, as being less bitter and more spirituous. It is brewed solely from the best and palest malts and the finest and most delicate hop, and much of its success depends on the care taken in selecting the best materials for its composition. It also requires the utmost care and attention at every stage of its progress to preserve the colour, taste, and other properties of this ale in their fulness and purity.
The English ale-bibbers were a few years since startled by a public report, apparently well authenticated, that the French chemists were largely engaged in preparing immense quantities of that most deadly poison strychnine for the purpose of drugging the pale bitter ale, in such great vogue at present in Great Britain and its colonies. The following are a few amongst many reasons which might be quoted, to show the absurdity of this report:—1, Strychnine is an exceedingly costly article; 2, It has a most unpleasant metallic bitter taste; 3, It is a notorious poison, and by its use in any brewery would ruin the reputation of the brewer; 4, It cannot be introduced into ordinary beer brewed with hops, because it is entirely precipitated by infusions of that wholesome fragrant herb. In fact, the quercitannic acid of hops is incompatible with strychnia and all its kindred alkaloids. Hence hopped beer becomes in this respect a sanitary beverage, refusing to take up a particle of strychnia and other noxious drugs of like character. Were the nitr vomica powder, from which strychnia is extracted, even stealthily thrown into the mash tun, its dangerous principle would be all infallibly thrown down with the grounds in the subsequent boiling with the hops.
"Ures' dictionary of arts, manufactures and mines, Volume 1" by Andrew Ure, 1867, page 306.
Let's summarise that. IPA brewed for the Indian market was brewed at around 1055. But that was purely for tax reasons. In an ideal world, it would have been considerably weaker, just 1042. But, as brewers wouldn't have received any tax refund on beer of that strength, they made it stronger. I'll say it once again: IPA was not a strong beer.
Pale Ale brewed for the British market was lightly different, being less bitter but more "spirituous", by which I assume he means containing more alcohol.
Pale Ale demanded the use of the very best quality ingredients to achieve the desired paleness of colour and delicate flavour. Which explains why it was stronger for its strength than every other beer.
I've just thrown in the last paragraph for fun. It's the story of how the pesky French tried to ruin the reputation of Pale Ale by claiming it was bittered with strychnine. A story so ludicrous, it's incredible that anyone ever took it seriously.
Labels: 19th century, India Pale Ale, IPA, pale ale
John Clarke said...
"A story so ludicrous, it's incredible that anyone ever took it seriously" Give it time, Ron, give it time.
Rod said...
Wait for the day some home-brew judge says some twat's Imperial Cluster Belgian IPA isn't true to style because it hasn't got enough strychnine in it.........
"Ale-bibbers" that has a nice ring to it.
"Excuse me sir," the man in the black hat asked "are you, by chance, an ale-bibber?"
"Why yes, yes, I am." I answer enigmatically.
Flagon of Ale said...
I wonder if the excise law is what someone misinterpreted as IPA being a "strong beer". Because he says here that IPA was brewed to a higher strength, just not one that was very impressive as compared to other beers of the time being that the higher strength was 1055.
Barm said...
Export IPA was stronger than it would otherwise have been due to the tax regime, but why was Home IPA stronger than Export?
Whahay!
Grinding,mashing and boiling at Allsopp's in the 1...
17% of you are idiots
Horst Dornbusch's Ultimate Almanac
Brewing IPA in the 1850's
Drinkalongathon disappointment
Barclay perkins 1933 KKKK update
How long do you need to boil IPA?
Drinkalongathon
Drinkalongwithron update
Allsopp beers 1870 - 1948
Drinkalongwithron this christmas
Wm. Younger's Ales in the 1870's
New Poll
Let's Brew Wednesday - 1933 Barclay Perkins KKKK
Papazian Cup/ Protz Shield entries
Allsopp and St. Petersburg (part two)
Allsopp and St. Petersburg
Milling, mashing and boiling at Bass
Allsopp in the 1880's
The death of Keeping Porter
IPA was not a strong beer
Which is authentic IPA?
Protz shield/Papazian Cup examples
Papazian Cup/Protz Shield - last chance to enter
Grists and mashing temperatures in 1905
Bass in court again
18th-century Pale Ale
Pale colour again
The Indian beer market in the 1830's and 1840's
Brewing IPA in England in the 1840's
Let's Brew Wednesday - Barclay Perkins 1923 XLK
Fermentation at Bass in the 1880's
The next man
Colour isn't everything
Colouring competition update
Memel oak vs. American oak
A picture for Alan
How to bottle Bass
Lazy Sunday afternoon
Fullers XX(K)
You bastards
Sherry casks
Let's Brew Wednesday - 1928 Barclay Perkins IBS
Mr. Bass talks about hops
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Fossil Trees in New York
The earliest fossilised trees, dating back 386 million years, have been found at an abandoned quarry in New York.
Scientists believe the forest they belonged to was so vast it originally stretched beyond Pennsylvania.
This discovery in Cairo, New York, is thought to be two or three million years older than what was previously the world's oldest forest at Gilboa, also in New York State.
The findings throw new light on the evolution of trees.
It was more than 10 years ago that experts from Cardiff University, UK, Binghamton University in the US and the New York State Museum began looking at the site in the foothills of the Catskill Mountains in the Hudson Valley.
Since then, they have mapped over 3,000 square metres of the forest and concluded the forest was home to at least two types of trees: Cladoxylopsids and Archaeopteris.
A third type of tree has yet to be identified.
News Topics:
Conservation / Tree Health
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ochippie@hotmail.com
Movie Review – Red Sparrow
Category : Movie Review
Director: Francis Lawrence
Starring: Jennifer Lawrence, Joel Edgerton, Matthias Schoenaerts
At the beginning of Red Sparrow, there is such a clear Black Swan atmosphere that it almost destroys the credibility of the entire film. And I’m not only saying that because the movie starts with a ballet performance (it could even be Swan Lake for all I know, I have no idea), there’s much more of a resemblance than that. The leg at a wrong angle, the stand-in dancer with JLaw’s face, even her eye makeup; I read that Aronofsky was the first choice to direct this feature, and it seems odd that it’s the Hunger Games guy instead, because it sure feels like Portman was replaced with Lawrence and the show went on. Even the title, a color and a bird; is there a purposeful reference there, or are people running out of original ideas? This is a pervasive question the entire way through, introduced at the beginning and carried until the end; what exactly is different about this time? What new elements does this genre have to offer us? How is this team going to make something memorable? Unfortunately, I don’t think you’ll like the answers.
Dominika Egorova is a ballerina with a ton of promise, a young, beautiful, talented woman who is almost too perfect for the Russian government not to use badly for their own dirty means. When she is injured, and with a sick mother at home, Dominika has no choice but to do what her connected uncle Vanya asks, which is to seduce an official, to make him desire her, to give him anything he wants. When he winds up dead, Dominika is given a choice; be eliminated as well, or enter into Sparrow School, a covert academy for spies, a training center for the use of sex toward political gains. She becomes one of the most alluring and dangerous Sparrows in the field, while still being a girl in over her head underneath the sultry dress. Her new mission is to get close to an American operative named Nate Nash, but when her identity is compromised, she’ll have to decide which side she’s really on.
I can see why JLaw is taking a break from show biz. It’s not that she’s lost any of her fierce talent, I’m still a big fan of her acting, and I can completely understand/support that she wants to take some time to focus on activism, help kids, make a difference, give back, all that. But her recent projects have to have helped in making this decision, this step back to regroup, and hopefully when she returns she’ll be better than ever. Serena, Joy, Passengers; other than the X-Men movies, which are pretty good, the Hunger Games movies, which are pretty bad, and Mother!, which I happened to love, her film choices don’t seem to be trending in the right direction. If Red Sparrow was an attempt to get back on the right foot, to get serious, to show some skin, to remind us how amazingly high her ceiling might be, it didn’t work out the way it was planned.
And it isn’t all bad, I’ll get to that in a second, but let me touch on the negatives first. I can’t begin anywhere else but with the accents, which were atrocious. JLaw at least was consistent, never wavered, just wasn’t ever impressive, while the rest ducked in and out of Russia or some imaginary place nearby like they were trying it out for the first time. Specifically, Jeremy Irons and Charlotte Rampling, who I both admire, sounded like they both thought they were supposed to be half British. Their characters were dumb as well, which didn’t help, but they should be on the lookout for their Razzies in the mail already, nominating them for Worst Red Villain Caricatures. Also, the film was simply unnecessarily long, with too much filler and not enough action, rambling along without a clear voice. And the sexy thrills, which could have been a strong point, were only uncomfortable; abusive and manipulative until all the entertainment was ripped away and audiences were just left feeling bad. Even Lawrence, with her first nude scenes, couldn’t heat things up; the moments were far too unsettling.
There were some positives, I don’t mean to suggest that Red Sparrow was complete crap, but they took a while to notice, or perhaps I simply needed to remove my critic hat in order to begrudgingly allow them to entertain me the way they were supposed to when this movie was first thought up. It’s based on a book, which might be the better way to go, and the film definitely had a spy novel feel, which did help a small amount. Edgerton and Schoenaerts were actually solid, both are incredible actors, they held their own in their scenes, they just couldn’t be in all of them. And I even liked the ending, the way the story was wrapped up, with a little twist to impress us and some drama to leave us wanting more. If I attempt not to look too closely, the film was fine, Lawrence was able, I don’t regret sitting down to watch, I only wish more had been done to polish the gem that was somewhere deep underneath, because I think we all would enjoy loving this film, but it might not deserve it.
My rating: ☆ ☆ ☆
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Compass Rose
The territory is a map of the map.
Relaxation and waking up
Taking a bath taught me that I hate it when things relax me.
As part of my project to repair my relationship with desire, I’ve been working through the pleasure exercises in the book Pleasurable Weight Loss. These exercises frequently expose me to something that paradigmatically gives pleasure. The intended effect, I think, is to learn to embrace pleasure through habit-formation. The effect on me, however, has been to show me something surprising each time, often through my failure to be pleased by the activity, improving my self-model in a relevant way. I wrote about my experience with a nature walk. Another pleasure exercise was to take a luxurious bath.
When I finally emerged from a long, hot bath, I found my body unusually relaxed. I sat down on the couch and wanted to flop over. I didn’t feel like moving at all. And this was terrible. It felt as though a wizard had cast a spell on me to dullen my mind. I wasn’t thinking, I wasn’t moving, and I didn’t want to, and this was terrible. It was dangerous.
I went for a walk afterwards with a friend, and didn’t wear my jacket. The brisk winter Berkeley air cheered me up, since now I felt like moving, and thinking, and didn’t feel like I had to resist slipping into a restful oblivion.
I dislike warmth, and soft dim lighting, and deep soft couch cushions that threaten to envelop me, for much the same reason: it feels like a trap. It feels like something is trying to lull me into a false sense of security. It feels like one of those scenes in a fantasy story, where the hero’s exploring some underground catacombs, and enters a mysterious important-seeming room and all of a sudden is feeling nice and warm and sleepy, and wants to sit down for a bit, and meanwhile there are the skeletons of previous adventures littering the floor, and you want to shout, “wake up! Look around you! Get oriented or you die!”. It feels like the warm, comforting, enveloping embrace of - death.
Or, like I wrote:
Imagine that you are a predator, even a pack predator, and you are far from home. You start perceiving empathic signals or environmental cues that say safe, home, warm, relax, sleep. Your guard goes up, not down – you are almost certainly being hacked by a hostile agent.
My preferences are unusual here. Other people like the warm, the soft, spaces dimly lit by flickering lights. These things directly cause them to relax, and they want to relax - so they do.
(I do like deep pressure massage, and in general I don't seem to mind relaxation so much when it's part of a deliberate attempt on my part to relax some specific part of my mind or body that I think is pointlessly tense. It's the ambient relaxers that I dislike. A hot bath and dim lighting even seems nonhorrible if it were the last thing I had to do before bed, and I did it with the intent of incapacitating myself to make sleep easier.)
Just as they like the ambient relaxing agents I hate, it seems that many people perceive admonitions to think as impositions by some external authority figure they need to appease, rather than the way I perceive them, as welcome wakeup calls. Socrates, for example, the gadfly who sought to sting Athens into wakefulness, was executed by those whom he thus tried to serve.
Cold calculations and warm embraces
Making decisions through making considerations explicit - e.g. drawing up lists of pros and cons - or even through mathematizing them, as Effective Altruists like to do - can seem harsh and cold. If you demand that that things be justified explicitly, it feels like demanding that each person in the tribe repeatedly justify their membership, their right to take up space. It implies that you don’t like them enough to help them if there’s nothing in it for you. Safety, in this sense, is when other people feel for you, automatically, so you’re not reliant on your ability to make clever arguments to survive - you’re loved, so you don’t have to worry about being cast out of the tribe and left to fend for yourself, and likely starve.
Safety, to me, is the opposite. My brain will give up on motor control before it will give up on trying to hold onto my full complement of working memory slots, verbal lucidity, ability to consciously track what’s going on. Being able to think feels that important for my safety.
In Atlas Shrugged, there’s a chapter (Part Two, Chapter VII - “The Moratorium on Brains”) where a transcontinental train - the Taggart Comet - is approaching a long tunnel where the signals and ventilation are in disrepair, and the engine car is damaged beyond repair. The train’s carrying Kip Chalmers, an influential politician, and he demands to be brought through immediately, but the only one available replacement engine is coal-burning, and not adequate for the tunnel. The nearby station engineer calls headquarters, but the response from the Vice-President of Operations is:
Give an engine to Mr. Chalmers at once. Send the Comet through safely and without unnecessary delay. If you are unable to perform your duties, I shall hold you responsible.
In other words, caught between the Scylla of displeasing an influential politician and the Charybdis of sending a train and all its passengers into danger, he avoids making a decision and passes the buck downwards. The Vice-President of Operations then goes back home to sleep, and is unavailable for further queries.
The chapter goes on to describe how each person in the chain of command passes along an ambiguous written order to their subordinate, passing responsibility downwards - occasionally supplementing it with a less ambiguous but less verifiable spoken order - until a low-ranking night dispatcher decides to trust his superiors and send the train through. The engine gives out in the middle of the tunnel, all the passengers suffocate to death, and the train is then struck by an army train carrying explosives, destroying the tunnel entirely.
Things like bright lights and explicitly articulating arguments for things, feel safe and reassuring to me. They’re signs that people want to allow me to relax by demonstrating to me that the situation is safe. That someone’s minding the situation, or making it easy for me to do so. When people try to create environments that directly induce relaxation, not thinking so hard, letting one’s hair down, it feels to me as though they’re trying to build a world in which people send an unsuitable locomotive into an unsafe tunnel with inadequate ventilation and broken signals, because nobody could be bothered to wake up and make a decision. It feels like a dire threat to my physical safety.
This entry was posted in Psychology and tagged bath, bright, calculation, cognition, Cold, cool, Death, empathy, explicit, light, quantification, quantified, quantifies, quantify, quantifying, relax, relaxation, relaxed, relaxing, responsibility, safety, summer, tense, tension, think, thinking, trap, warm, warmth, Winter on April 27, 2016 by Benquo.
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5 thoughts on “Safety in numbers”
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Maldives ex-vice president Ahmed Adeeb, detained for entering India ‘illegally’, sent back
NEW DELHI (The Statesman/ANN) - According to reports, the former vice-president of Maldives was planning to seek ‘the protection of India and had initiated the process of claiming asylum’.
Former vice-president of Maldives, Ahmed Adeeb Abdul Ghafoor, who was detained by Tuticorin Port Authority in Tamil Nadu on August 1, was sent back to the archipelago in the Indian Ocean by the Coast Guard on Saturday.
According to reports, Ahmed Adeeb was detained by the Indian authorities for illegally entering India. He had arrived in Tamil Nadu’s Tuticorin on a cargo vessel without any valid documents.
The Maldives Independent had reported that Adeeb was arrested while trying to enter the country illegally as a crew member of a tug boat.
According to reports, the former vice-president was planning to seek “the protection of India and had initiated the process of claiming asylum, having been subjected to a series of politically-motivated prosecutions, and attempts to coerce him into making false statements in his country”.
However, his plea for political asylum was rejected by the Indian government.
External Affairs spokesperson Raveesh Kumar said that he was denied entry to India “since he was not entering through a designated entry point and did not possess valid travel documents”.
Earlier in May, a court in the Maldives had quashed a controversial conviction of Ahmed Adeeb and ordered a fresh trial on allegations that he attempted to assassinate his boss.
The High Court set aside the 15-year sentence handed to Adeeb in 2016 after he was found guilty of trying to blow up then-president Abdulla Yameen’s speed boat in September 2015.
However, the three-judge bench in a majority decision ordered that Adeeb be held in custody for 15 days pending a fresh trial.
He was freed from house arrest just two weeks ago after serving the 15-day contempt of court sentence.
Adeeb was considered a close confidant of Yameen until he was dramatically impeached in November 2015 following allegations he was trying to topple the president.
Yameen escaped unhurt when an explosion ripped through his speed boat, but his wife and two others were slightly injured.
No photos has been attached.
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Embryology Biology 441 Spring 2014 Albert Harris
Limb bud development
Photo: Cartilages differentiating inside a living chicken hind-limb bud
Limb buds develop into legs, arms, wings, or fins.
Normally, embryos form 4 limb buds,
2 anterior & 2 posterior.
But are there ways to induce salamander embryos to form three legs on each side?
(Like the Martians in "John Carter of Mars"!)
Surgically implanting otic or olfactory placodes, or plastic beads containing Fibroblast Growth Factor, will cause three legs to form on the same side.
Scientists suspect that embryos re-use the same inductive signals in different parts of the body; and inductively competent is already concentrated along both flanks.
Limb buds develop if transplanted to other parts of the body, and to the amnion of chicken embryos.
You can also split limb buds, fuse limb buds, rotate them upside down, or backwards.
If you cut an early limb bud in two, it can form 2 arms, or often it will form a branched leg (mirror images).
Fusing two limb buds can often form only one leg. (surgically graft one limb bud right next to another one, & they merge! These kinds of experiments work best in salamander embryos.)
Notice the similarity to what Driesch discovered! That splitting early echinoderm embryos in two results in each half developing into a half-sized "scale model" embryo.
Several body organs have been discovered to form two organs, for example two complete hearts.
Another example is eyes, and also the nose rudiment, which can be either split or into 2, or two can be fused into one.
The human uterus also forms by side to side fusion of the lower end of the oviduct. (Muellerian Duct).
[Be prepared for an exam question: Describe at least ? embryonic organs that develop by fusion of two masses of cells. List examples of organs or organisms being split into two, where each half is able to form all parts normally developed when they are not split.]
Some kinds of parasitic worms often split limb buds in frogs, resulting in 5 or 6 hind limbs!
There is a color photograph of this in every edition of Scott Gilbert's textbook.
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Development of the 3 geometric axes are controlled separately in limb buds And at 3 different times, by 3 different sets of chemical signals
Proximo-distal axis
Anterior-posterior axis
Dorso-ventral axis
Experimentally, this was discovered by surgical rotation of early limb buds. If surgical rotation is done early enough in development, then regulation occurs, in the sense that whichever part is facing toward the front of the embryo will develop into a thumb, or whatever structure that species has on the anterior side of its arm, etc.
During a later period of development, limb buds are no longer able to regulate (change) their anterior-posterior axis, but can still regulate the dorso-ventral axis!
In effect, that means that the part that would have developed into the palm of the hand can change its fate, and develop the geometry appropriate to the back of the hand, and vice versa, but a rotated limb bud can no longer change where the thumb forms, etc.
Analogous surgical experiments were done with the inner ear (otic placode) cutting it out and grafting it back in, upside down and backwards, etc.
Before a certain stage, it "regulates" completely, in the sense that the different cells change how they develop according to their new orientations, such that the semi-circular canals, otoliths, etc. all develop at locations that are normal with respect to the rest of the body.
At a later stage of development, the dorso-ventral and medio-lateral axes are still able to regulate, but the anterior-posterior axis is irreversible.
These rotation experiments were done in salamanders, in the 1910s-30s.
(the limb bud experiments and also the inner ear experiments, and many others.)
The Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) is a thickening of the epidermis that forms along the outer rim of the limb bud
(of bird, mammal, reptile, frog and fish embryos - but NOT on limb buds of salamanders!)
In frog embryos, the AER is comparatively small and indistinct, and for many years, everyone believed that frogs didn't have an AER. But more careful studies found them. The scientific meeting at which this evidence was first presented was in Wales in 1971, & I was in the audience!
Surgical removal of the AER causes failure of the distal structures to develop. Cut the AER off early, then no elbow, forearm, wrist or hand. Cut the AER off later, then no wrist & hand.
This was discovered by Prof. John Saunders, who taught for many years at the State University of New York in Albany, and who visited this department a few years ago, and is one of the most stimulating scientists I have ever met. We had a prolonged barbeque lunch at Allen's out on route 86 north of town.
In sections of bird AERs, the epithelial cells seem to be pinched together at their basal ends, and the ridge is as much a "pucker" as a thickening.
Sections through mouse embryo AERs show a different geometry. It is definitely a thickening, but with some indication of contraction at Both basal and apical surfaces.
Here is a photograph of an oblique, or slanted section through a chicken AER.
The developing tail fins of fish have a similar thickened ridge.
Grafting an extra AER can cause a double wing to form. A mutation in chickens causes double AERs and double wings!
But the AER doesn't itself become any these structures.
It somehow signals to them to form.
There has been much research and several theories on this subject.
Fibroblast growth factor 10 seems to be the key signal molecule.
FGF10 can replace the effect of the AER;
If you cut off the AER, & put a bead coated with FGF in its place then the distal limb structures will form more or less normally.
(If anybody has done this with snake embryos, I haven't heard about it!
Probably, snakes still have the genes for legs, and maybe the signal receptors.)
Legless lizards and legless salamanders might also be subject to such experiments.
Another interesting fact is that salamanders (especially newts) are the only kinds of vertebrates that can regenerate cut off legs, and also are the only kind of vertebrate that don't form an AER.
However, during regeneration of salamander legs, an epithelial thickening is formed at the tip of the regenerating limb stump! This thickening is not elongated, however.
I suggest to you that some big conceptual breakthrough is waiting for you to discover!
If the AER cells are a special shape, does their shape mean they are more contractile, or what? Or is it an evolutionary remnant of fish fin shapes?
The proximo-distal axis is considered to be controlled by the AER.
The anterior-posterior axis can be reversed by grafting cells from the back side of the limb bud to the front side, which is called the "Zone of Polarizing Activity" (ZPA)
What is the chemical basis of this? Is it retinoic acid? Mirror-image branching legs can be produced by putting retinoic acid onto the anterior side of an early limb bud.
And if you put RA on the regenerating tail stump of a frog, then one or several legs will grow instead of a new tail!
And putting RA on the regenerating leg stump of a salamander will cause the entire proximo-distal sequence of structures to be regenerated, even if only the hand or wrist had been cut off!
The newer evidence is that the sonic hedgehog protein controls the anterior-posterior axis formation.
Organization of fingers somehow depends on certain hox genes: Specifically hoxD 9, 10, 11, 12, 13
The spaces between fingers are made by programmed cell death = "apoptosis" activation of cytoplasmic enzymes, that digest cells from the inside out.
The webbing of a duck's foot results from a lack of apoptosis.
And by the way, many cancer chemotherapy drugs actually work by stimulating apoptosis, rather than by direct harm to the cancer cells. The drugs were intended to kill fast growing cells, but don't really work that way!
The dorso-ventral axis of limb development: Can be reversed by removing the entire limb bud ectoderm and turning it upside down. The key protein is thought to be one of the Wnt proteins.
Some facts to get your interest:
I) Newts and many other kinds of salamanders can regenerate their legs.
No other vertebrates can do this, except partial regeneration of limbs in frog tadpoles before metamorphosis.
Humans can sometimes regenerate the last digit of fingers and toes, IF the wound is NOT stitched up (which is standard practice).
Regenerating newt legs "re-grow" all the bones (i.e. cartilages), muscles, tendons, blood vessels, connective tissue and skin.
In the stump of the cut limb, cartilage, muscle and other cell type become indistinguishable, "dedifferentiating" back to what looks like their early embryonic state, forming a mass of cells called a blastema, in which rapid cell growth and mitosis replaces the lost cells.
Skeletal muscle cells, which are syncytial, subdivide back to individual cells before resuming mitosis.
It would be interesting to know whether this subdivision of multi-nucleate muscle cells has the same contractile-ring mechanism as the ordinary cytokinesis that follow mitosis.
The myoblasts then undergo many cycles of mitotic cell divisions, and fuse back together.
II) Grafting of cartilage and muscle labeled with radioactive labeled DNA, and also the use of genetic markers like nucleolus number, consistently show that each cell remains "loyal" to their original differentiated cell type.
In other words the dividing cells in the blastema that had been cartilage cells re-differentiate only into cartilage, & the descendants of muscle cells only become muscle.
Most experimenters had not expected this, which make the results even more persuasive.
It also contradicts expectations that regeneration should have the same basic mechanism as the original formation of limbs, except if the original development was by sorting out of cells whose differentiation had already been decided, which nobody considers possible.
Limb regeneration is not thought of as a special case of sorting out by differentiated cells, I guess because there is no deliberate dissociation into single or randomly-mixed cells.
Nevertheless, consider that cartilage cells from which the humerus had previously been constructed separate into what seem to be undifferentiated cells, and then re-differentiate as the radius, ulna digits, wrist bones, as well as replacements for the lost parts of the humerus.
Furthermore, consider that the many muscles of the regenerated leg are made of cells that had been parts of different muscles of the upper limb.
Likewise: skin cells, blood vessels, connective tissue & nerves.
All are replaced by descendants of the same kinds of the cells in the stump of the cut limb.
III) Salamanders are the only vertebrates whose limb buds do not form an apical ectodermal ridge.
However, during regeneration of salamander, the stumps develop an epithelial thickening which is well-formed, but not elongated in the A-P axis (unlike the AER)
I can't figure out how to interpret this combinations of odd facts, but it must mean something.
IV) If you cut off just the "hand" part of a newt leg, then just that part will regenerate.
If you cut the leg off at the elbow or knee, then just the missing part will regenerate.
If you cut off the whole leg, than all the parts of will regenerate.
BUT: If you cut off just the "hand" part, and then paint the cut surface with retinoic acid, then a whole new leg will regenerate, starting over at the shoulder, and forming an extra elbow, etc.
AND: Newts can regenerate their tails.
BUT if you cut off the tail, and paint the cut surface with retinoic acid, guess what regenerates instead!
The more of a newt leg you cut off, the faster tissues regenerate; So that the total time to completion of regeneration is about the same when you cut off the whole leg as when you cut off just the tip.
V) a) The spaces between fingers and toes are created by the programmed cell death.
So the web of a duck's foot is the primitive condition.
A chicken's foot has separate toes because programmed cell death has removed the tissues in between.
b) The bases of limbs are "sculpted" by regions of programmed cell death.
c) The neck is narrowed by large areas of programmed cell death.
d) The space between your gums and your cheek and limb tissue is created by programmed cell death.
e) The self-destruction of tadpole tails is a classic example of programmed cell death.
f) >98% of lymphocytes self-destruct by programmed cell death. (normally)
(in part, this serves to kill anti-self lymphocytes, whose binding sites fit some normal body protein)
g) Defense against viral infections is achieved by inducing programmed cell death of infected cells.
h) Graft rejection occurs by induction of programmed cell death, by mechanisms that are meant to induce death of virally-infected cells.
(As if the grafted cells were mistaken for self-cells infected with viruses.)
i) Many viruses defend themselves by producing proteins that mimic the body's own inhibitors of programmed cell death. (specifically mimics of the bcl-2 protein, which will be discussed below.
j) Much of the death of heart cells during heart attacks, and of brain cells during strokes is claimed to be programmed cell death (setting off self-destruction enzymes), rather than simple destruction.
Therefore, chemicals that inhibit programmed cell death might save many lives.
k) Many anti-cancer drugs are now believed to act by inducing programmed cell death, somewhat selectively in cancer cells, but not so much in normal cells.
Conversely, a whole series of carbon chains attached to phosphates were designed to reduce osteoporosis by either strengthening bone or promoting more bone formation, but are now believed to stimulate programmed cell death in osteoclasts (but unfortunately in lots of other cell types, in addition to osteoclasts, with nasty side-effects)
l) One specific form of cancer is known to be caused (mostly) by too much synthesis of a particular protein named bcl-2, which localizes around mitochondria, and blocks release of reactive molecules (that release being part of how cells self-destruct in programmed cell death.)
B-Cell Lymphoma-2, because this was the second protein to be discovered by close studies of chromosome translocations in human victims of non-Hodgkins lymphoma. There are other proteins called bcl-1, and bcl-3 ; the latter is a cyclin.
Any gene that gets translocated to the chromosome site next to an antibody gene will get made in large amounts in B-lymphocytes, who are "trying" to make antibodies. Note that the same translocation in any other differentiated cell type might have no effect.
m) A large percentage of nematode embryonic cells are eliminated by programmed cell death. (Mutant worms in which this cell death doesn't occur are almost normal. It isn't at all clear what good it does the worm to have so many programmed cell deaths!
A nematode gene was found that is very similar to the human bcl-2 proteins, and replacement of this worm gene by the human bcl-2 gene restores normal development!
n) Another nematode gene, without which programmed cell death will not occur, was found to code for an inactive precursor of a protein-digesting enzyme, called a caspase. Part of the molecule blocks the active site, but can be digested off by a caspase from which its block has already been removed. Thus, activation of one caspase molecule will activate others, in a chain reaction, and they digest the cell from the inside out. Almost all cells of multicellular animals have millions of caspase enzymes dissolved in the cytoplasm.
o) Embryologists had been studying programmed cell death since ~1900 but the word "apoptosis" wasn't invented until 1980.
[There are disagreements about whether the second P is silent, or not: Apo_Tosis or A Pop Tosis The latter is probably correct. But be prepared for someone to correct you, no matter which way you pronounce it.]
Necrosis is what you call it when cells just die. (Especially if pieces of dead cell are left) Apoptosis is when they self-destruct.
p) Higher plants have a different kind of self-killing method, that they use to resist infections by induction of death in areas surrounding germs, so as to wall them off. Prof. Dangl is a world leader in research on this important phenomenon.
q) For many years, researchers guessed that there would be several different mechanisms of programmed cell death in animal cells, but apparently caspases are used for all the different examples, from making gaps between fingers to killing anti-self lymphocytes and virally-infected cells.
The greatest researcher on programmed cell death was Prof. Glucksman, of Cambridge University who was a friend of mine and a very wise man, and used to show me slides of programmed cell deaths.
I) What are four embryonic organs whose medio-lateral, anterior-posterior and dorso-ventral axes become irreversibly decided during early development?
II) Are all three axes decided simultaneously, or one at a time, or sometimes one at a time, but other times simultaneously?
III) Does the answer to the preceding question differ between organs?
IV) Which axis is the last to become irreversibly fixed, which second, and which third?
V) What are two mesodermal organs that start development as two separate organs (right and left), but then their tissues fuse?
VI) Driesch discovered that very early echinoderm embryos will do what if the first two or the first four cells are separated?
VII) What happens if you put two one cell stage embryos together when they are at their one cell stage?
VIII) Compare these phenomena discovered by Driesch to what happens in normal development of the mesodermal organs in question V.
IX) Why branch into three when a limb bud is grafted backwards?
X) How could you produce a 6 legged salamander (or chicken)? (Perhaps as extras in a John Carter of Mars movie?)
XI) Draw a sketch of the Apical Ectodermal Ridge in a bird embryo. Contrast the AER structure in embryos of birds, mammals, frogs, salamanders, and fish.
XII) From what you already know about the order in which axes become irreversibly fixed, are EphA gradients determined before EphB gradients, or the reverse. (hint: which controls the dorso-ventral axis of retinal differences of adhesion?)
XIII) Based on what you know about pressures across flexible surfaces, and their expected equilibrium between Pressures, Tensions and Curvatures:
dP= Curvature x Tension + curvature x tension
Please estimate changes of tensions in different parts of a limb buds as it develops from a small hemisphere, into a complex limb bud.
XIV) Can you deduce what might be special about the tension in the surface membrane at the AER, relative to other parts of the skin? (There is more than one possibility.)
Can you invent experiments capable of proving and/or disproving which possibility is true?
XV) After I draw and describe what Nardi and Stocum discovered happens when salamander limb buds are cut off at different proximo-distal levels, and then grafted to different proximo-distal levels of another limb bud (that is still attached to the body), try to explain what patterns of contractile forces cause the base of the graft to be pulled longitudinally along the host limb bud.
Why do you think equilibrium become balanced only when the base of the graft has been pulled to the homologous part of the host limb?
i.e. wrist next to wrist;
elbow next to elbow;
shoulder next to shoulder
XVI) When a salamander limb bud regenerates, the muscles near the cut surface "dedifferentiate" (become undistinguishable from cells that had been skeletal cells), and then grow and divide until the cell mass is nearly as big as the amount of tissue removed. Then muscle cells re-differentiate (only) into muscle cells, and skeletal cells redifferentiate (mostly) into skeletal cells.
What do you conclude about the mechanism of pattern formation?
Is it by rearrangement of cells according to cell type?
Or is it by re-differentiation of cells according to position?
XVII) Compare these alternatives to what H. V. Wilson hypothesized about the reformation of functional anatomy by dissociated sponge cells.
XVIII) How are Nardi and Stocum's observations related to the question of rearrangement versus refifferentiation?
XIX) Can you figure out any logical reason why the same category of protein (Fibroblast Growth Factor) induces third limbs and also causes the Medio-Lateral axis of limb buds? (I am not sure myself why this should be true.)
XX) Would you expect that the paracrine protein "Sonic Hedgehog" controls which part of the retina becomes connected to which part of the brain?
XXI) What about the paracrine protein Wnt? What axis does it control in developing limb buds? What properties of the neural retina does this axis correspond to?
XXII) Invent a method for using fibroblast growth factor to change the result of the Nardi and Stocum experiment.
XXIII) If you sliced a salamander limb bud like a long boloney, and cultured each of the slices onto a thin sheet of rubber (to detect amounts and directions of contractility), what differences would you expect, based on the result of the Nardi and Stocum experiment?
XXIV) Can you figure out whether and how the results of the Nardi and Stocum experiment can be explained by Steinberg's Differential Adhesion Hypothesis?
Would the embryonic limb need to become more adhesive near the outer end? Or more adhesive near the basal end?
XXV) Could the same Nardi and Stocum effect be produced by gradients of strength of contractile strength of a developing limb bud?
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Honda Malaysia slashes prices across the board, even with the advent of GST
Posted by Ernest | Apr 1, 2015 | Auto, Auto Events / News Briefs | 0 |
At the recent Media gathering, Honda Malaysia laid to rest the fuzz about the GST (Goods & Services Tax) in the country, at least, on their cars’ prices and related portfolios. Honda Malaysia noted their outstanding achievement over the past year in the non-national auto sector, where they’d accumulated 77,485 units in all of 2014.
Spurred by the top-selling variants like the Honda City and Jazz, Honda Malaysia is on a constant uprise in the non-national segment over the past year in percentage terms and accumulated sales, compared to their nearest rivals. Other Honda variants which contributed to last year’s surging figures include the Civic and Accord.
The CR-V and HR-V, two new variants that were launched earlier this year, have also largely contributed to Honda Malaysia’s uptrend total figures for the year. The HR-V, as a matter of fact, has received more than 10,000 bookings since its revelation at the beginning of March. Due to popular demand, the Honda HR-V now has a waiting period of between 3 – 4 months. However, Honda M’sia has assured its customers that they would strive to reduce the wait by virtue of increasing production lines and faster deliveries.
All in all, the HR-V, CR-V and top Honda variants have been market leaders in their respective segments for the months of January and February.
On the subject of GST, the fuzz which spreads across the country like wildfire with its implementation on 1 April is inevitable. Basically, the GST replaces the usual SST (Sales & Service Tax). For the automotive industry, the SST equates to the base car price’s 2 percent sales tax, plus incurred charges like margin, handling, accessories, insurance and road tax. For GST, base car value, minus 2 percent sales tax, is now added to the additional charges with a 6 percent tax to come up with the final price.
The good news is Honda Malaysia has actually lowered car prices, even with the arrival of the GST. Honda’s locally-assembled variants like the Jazz, City, Civic, CR-V, Accord and HR-V see a decrease of between RM 500 – RM 2500. Only the fully-imported variant, the Honda Odyssey MPV, sees an increase of between RM 500 – 1000 on its final pricing. Even Honda spare parts and services receive fair price slashes of 3.7 percent and between 2 – 4 percent, respectively.
Honda Malaysia has forecasted a target of 85,000 units in total sales for the year, based on the industry TIV forecast of 697,000 units (a spike of 4.6 percent from 2014). The company’s quarter one total units has reached 21,563 or 38 percent increase, compared to last year. In March alone, Honda Malaysia has reported a total accumulated units of approximately 9,000.
After-sales has been one of the primary focus for Honda Malaysia from last year to the current period as they work to beef up their dealership network in the Peninsular and East Malaysia. Currently, Honda Malaysia has 75 3S outlets, 4 1S showrooms and 12 Body and Paint (BP) centers. Honda M’sia plans to add eleven more 3S and five BPs across the country, this year. Furthermore, new Concept Gallery showrooms have been scheduled for city hotspots such as Bangsar, Bukit Bintang, Ampang and Penang.
For further details, contact Honda Malaysia at 1-800-88-2020 or visit honda.com.my.
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Classic Rides
2018 Husqvarna Vitpilen 410, Svartpilen 401 and Vitpilen 701- SA Launch.
If you think of the name Husqvarna the chances are you’re going to think of off-road and moto-cross bikes, right? They’ve been around, or so it seems, forever with these types of motorbikes aimed at dirt riding fun and competition events. I think Steve McQueen owned one in the late 60s/70s, or his brother did, or perhaps even his mother, either way Husqvarna is certainly a household name in the world of motorcycling.
For 2018 though Husqvarna has changed lanes and gone into a market, which they say, is a little unique compared to the ‘others’. At first sight with the three I rode here I’ll have to agree because they do look like nothing else on the market, which is where they’re aiming. Funny that ‘Aiming’, seeing as their Swedish names are White Arrow (Vitpilen) and yes you’ve guessed it Black Arrow (Svartpilen), which you’ll have to explain every time you visit your local as people ask what the name means. Also the new Husqvarna catch phrase for these bikes is ‘Simple. Progressive’. Irritated me after hearing it a thousand times and sounds a bit like a line from a special needs school – why not something like, ‘Hyper-cool. Desireable’, just a thought Austrian PR dudes? Now let’s just go to the Austrian connection first.. We all know KTM own Husqvarna since 2014 and the Indian giants Bajaj also have a large piece of the pie. So it doesn’t take a ghostly Steven Hawking to work out all three should work together. Therefore the engine and frame of the 401s are the same as the India made KTM 390 Duke and the 701 is the engine from the KTM 690, nothing wrong with that folks and business wise it makes sense. However, the 410/701 range is made in Austria so the prices are considerably higher than the Asian bikes.
Vitpilen and Svartpilen 401 = R89,699-00
Vitpilen 701 = R147,699-00
Look, a curry in India is always going to be cheaper than one found in the middle of Europe, right, if that has anything to do with anything, if you see where I’m coming from, probably not? So, they look sweet and certainly different from Husqvarna’s last range of street bikes, which was? Yes, you’ve won a lonely goldfish – the Nuda 900 with a BMW engine. A good bike it it’s own right but never really took off, something they hope to change with this trio and the Svartpilen version of the 701 will follow shortly, making four ‘Arrows’ to pierce the funky/trending/cool lifestyle fraternity. Husqvarna SA enforces their market is aimed more towards barhopping than racing around town. Indeed the 401 Vitpilen is classed as ‘Urban-Street’, Vitpilen ‘Street-Explorer’, and the 701 ‘Street-Roadster’. All designed to look splendid around town and have a modern-retro appeal to youngsters and older riders alike. Maybe even totally new riders who desire something that is rare to see with a timeless name on the tank. Anyway, enough of all that stuff now, so what they like to ride you ask and less of the ‘aiming’? I agree and well, they actually ride like you’d imagine. Fuss free with very little electronic interference, from the 401s at least, more of the 701 later on. The 401 White Arrow is purely a little Café racer with its clip-on ‘bars and slightly rear-set footrests. It does look very cute and no doubt perfect for the posing style of Cape Town where the SA launch took place. The 375cc engine spits out 43hp and 37Nm. Place this inside that steel trellis frame and the bike weights in at a mere 148kg without fuel (9.5-litres). The Black Arrow version weighs 2kg more but does have a tank rack, skid plate and higher ‘bars, otherwise it’s the same thing in every way with softer suspension settings. Both 401s have a distinctive LED headlight and a round instrument console to match with a digital display. But the two riding styles are for a perspective rider to choose. One is for the ‘clip-on’ café style; the other more upright for the adventure type image with its Pirelli Scorpion tyres compared the road biased Metzeler M5 on the other. Both bikes are small and therefore very agile to lob around and dismiss traffic at will. The engine, the best sub 400 engine on the market, is lively and with a bit of clutch work will lift the front wheel for a more excitement. Brakes work well as does the predictably good WP suspension. In fact you don’t really need to add anything to these bikes beside maybe a loud pipe from the huge range of extra bits from the Husqvarna book, not to mention the massive range of ‘Pilen clothing to add even more style. After much fun on the 401s I enjoyed just a brief ride on the 701 and will grab it again in the future for a longer test. But this is the most powerful single-cylinder (around 700cc) engine you can own with 75hp and 72Nm at the end of the fly-by-wire throttle. Amazingly the 701 has a claimed weight of 157 (dry), only seven more than the 401! So obviously it’s much faster and will easily go over 200kmh with your head well down over the wide clip-on stance. Being the big ‘Pilen it has traction control and Bosch ABS that can be turned off for lunacy mode, which will happen at one time or another for sure, especially with a loud silencer conversion courtesy of Akrapoivc. The best gadget though is the up and down quick shifter, which worked impeccably, even at low rpm. A proper big single hit for the big single fans – that’s the 701 in a nutshell, or quiver (get it), arrow and all that? So three new, four soon, very attractive motorcycles that will surely generate a cult type of following and ‘Pilen motorcycle clubs will inevitably spring up for frequent Husky gatherings. And why not, this is where these bikes will flourish and deservedly so. I for one are glad Husqvarna has decided to change lanes, now, and certainly in the near future. So come on Husqvarna, what can you do with the 180hp Super Duke 1290R engine – now there’s a plan!
Click here www.husqvarna-motorcycles.com/za to book a test ride at you local dealer.
Copyright © Billys Bikes 2019. All Rights Reserved.
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Review: Keeping the Moon by Sarah Dessen
Keeping the Moon by Sarah Dessen
Publisher: Penguin, Speak
Publication Date: September 1st 1999
Genres: Young Adult
There is an alternate cover edition for this ISBN13 here.
Colie expects the worst when she's sent to spend the summer with her eccentric aunt Mira while her mother, queen of the television infomercial, tours Europe. Always an outcast -- first for being fat and then for being "easy" -- Colie has no friends at home and doesn't expect to find any in Colby, North Carolina.
But then she lands a job at the Last Chance Cafe and meets fellow waitresses Morgan and Isabel, best friends with a loving yet volatile relationship. Wacky yet wise, Morgan and Isabel help Colie see herself in a new way and realize the potential that has been there all along.
This is one of the very few Dessen books that I haven’t read yet and I finally picked it up last week. While it wasn’t my favorite Dessen book, it was still a very charming read.
This book follows Colie, who used to be fat as she spends the summer with her crazy Aunt Mira in the town we’ve all come to love through Sarah Dessen books, Colby. Colie is used to being bullied as she’s been bullied all of her life at school and because of this, she doesn’t let very many people close to keep from getting hurt when they inevitably do. The summer in Colby changes Colie for the better and as much as she drove me crazy through the book, I was so glad when I finally finished the book because there was growth and there were lessons learned and a boy that I came to adore throughout the entire book.
Colie’s Mom is a fitness guru who used to be big and transformed her and Colie’s life with a diet and exercise plan that changed their lives and made her an instant success story. Colie and her Mom used to live out of their car at times, move around all the time and that kind of lifestyle didn’t really help one stay healthy and so Colie and her mother were overweight for a good portion of Colie’s life and now that they’ve taken control of their health, they’re no longer big girls and yet Colie still doesn’t have the confidence in herself and in her looks the way that one would think after shedding so much weight.
Colie is distant and she’s reserved and for good reason. She’s been through things that I wouldn’t wish anyone to go through and my heart hurt for Colie as I got to know her because there were reasons for the way that she was and when she started to step out of her comfort zone and let others into her life, I cheered because she deserved the very best that life had to offer her and she shied away from everything because of the way that her peers treated her at school. She learned some very hard lessons early on in life and those lessons stayed with her and I loved when Isabelle and Morgan came into her life. I loved that they were older and wiser and were there when Colie most needed her. They were there to help her blossom into the young woman at the end of the book and boy did I really enjoy the way that they stepped into her life and made her accept them and then in turn, accepted her.
Then there was Norman. Oh, what a cutie patootie that guy turned out to be. I really liked getting to know him through Colie’s POV. He was mysterious and studly in a nerdy way and I adored him. I adored the way that he lived his life. I adored the way that he was always there and accepting of Colie, through all of her different looks. I loved the way that he was with Aunt Mira and how good he was to everyone around him. He was such a good guy and when Colie finally figures this out, I was a happy camper.
There were times when the story dragged a bit but it didn’t last very long. Leave to Sarah Dessen to write a complex story about one character with not much happening…and yet so much happening. I adore Dessen’s books and this was another winner for me. Great story.
…and that’s your scoop!
This book is available from Speak. This book was received from the publisher in exchange for an honest review.
Buy the book: B&N|Amazon|Book Depository
Book cover and blurb credit: http://goodreads.com
By Sarah Dessen
Throwback Thursday Review: Her Secret Fl
DNF Review: The Highlander’s Bride
Review: The Rest of the Story by Sarah D
Review: The Moon and More by Sarah Desse
Review: 10 Blind Dates by Ashley Elston
Review: Call It What You Want by Brigid
DNF Review: If It Makes You Happy by Cla
Tagged: 4.0 Reviews, Contemporary, Reviews, Rowena's Reviews, Sarah Dessen, Speak, Young Adult
2 responses to “Review: Keeping the Moon by Sarah Dessen”
Alex (A Girl, Books, OtherThings)
*nods nods*
You know, for a while this one was one of my favorite Dessen novels, because it was more light-hearted and I don’t know. I really liked Norman.
I re-read a couple of years ago and I didn’t love it as much but I still thought it was a nice read.
I really like Isabelle and Morgan, and Colie, though you’re right, the story does drag a little sometimes
This story was slow to unfold but I wasn’t bored by it. I was anxious to see what would happen next but yeah, I enjoyed this one. I adored Norman. He was so cute!
I think I only have a couple more books by Dessen unread and then I’ll have read them all.
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It was a week ago today that I spent the day in a procrastination seminar. It cost my wife $185 ("Money well spent," she told me). So, to save you $185, here are the four main things I got out of it:
• Ask yourself this question: What do I need to stop doing and start doing in order to succeed? (I told this to a photographer I know and he said, "Well, I guess I need to stop looking at porn and actually start doing something.")
• For ten minutes every day do something you need to start doing but don't want to do. (for me it was forcing myself to draw narrative—boxes and word balloons before I check email in the morning).
• Start where you are: prioritizing is a skill that can be learned (the most important thing I learned is to try and delineate between what to pay attention to and what to ignore, or avoid).
• Task initiation: the ability to begin a task without undue procrastination (thanks to this prod I actually bailed into the Digging Up Billy cover sketches, something I have been putting off for a long time).
I have a ritual in the morning: I eat half a banana and drink a half cup of coffee, go out to the kitchen and put in four slices of toast (two for me, two for Kath), then go out to the end of the driveway and bring back the newspaper (I hate when it's late!), come back, butter the toast (with that non-butter stuff), read the paper, make notes in daytimer, take heart pills, feed the chickens, go for a brisk walk with Peaches, come back and check email.
Of course, by the time I do all of this, it's time to go into the office. So, day after day, I find myself doing everything but the one thing I need to do more of to be successful: draw and paint!
So, I still do the same morning regimen, but I put in ten minutes of sketching after the walk and before email. It was very hard the first day (it's hard work!), but I timed it and made it ten minutes. The next day you add 15 seconds, etc.
For the past seven days I have not missed a day and I feel good. Why?
Ol' Roux is gonna tell you why. . .
"To know one's self is the true; to strive with one's self is the good; to conquer one's self is the beautiful."
Posted by Bob Boze Bell at 9:58 AM No comments:
Worked last night on sketches for the Digging Up Billy the Kid cover illustration. I have great reference—thanks to Robert Ray—of a dead guy sitting up in his coffin and giving his first press conference:
That, and the other photos led me to here:
I like the idea of "Billy the Kid's First Press Conference" as if he has been unearthed, he sits up and starts answering questions: "I always liked Pat Garrett, but I didn't appreciate the way he dropped me while my pants were down. That's just not good business."
"Take everything you like seriously, except yourselves."
Plus, A Bonus Quote:
"He who cannot dance claims the floor is uneven."
—Old Vaquero Saying
I think it's safe to say, that this will be a first. This coming Saturday we are going to start the Kick Off Party for Arizona's Statehood Centennial: 1912-2012. I am going to start this party at Pages Bookstore in Carefree. Here's the inside skinny from Pages:
Bob Boze Bell will entertain you at 2 p.m. with stories of the West and his own zany kick-off to the 2012 Arizona centennial celebration.
Seating is limited, RSVP's are suggested. Call Pages bookstore in Cave Creek's Stagecoach Village at 480-575-7220 or email info@PagesNewAndRare.com.
When the next centennial roles around, you can tell everyone you were at the very first party at the last centennial. Imagine the prestige (well, that and the fact that you will be 140 years old).
"Come celebrate 100 years of hilarity."
Posted by Bob Boze Bell at 5:02 PM No comments:
One of the advantages of almost dying is being able to mock up that look when needed. Case in point: I needed a good model to help me create a cover concept of Billy the Kid, freshly dug up and holding a press conference.
Robert Ray took this half dead model out in the back, behind our office and shot off a dozen shots. This is the best dead head look of the bunch, not very flattering, but definitely half dead:
Believe it or not, that shirt is a gift from Jim Larkin of New Times-Village Voice Media fame who wore it for several years then gifted it to me as a prop shirt. It's the closest shirt I have to the famous anchor bib shirt the Kid has on in his only known photo.
This reference shot led to this sketch:
Of course, this isn't our first digging up Billy cover. The first was about six years ago when the dig was first hatched and landed on the front page of the New York Times. This was my take of Dead Billy at that time:
This cover did very well for us, and I personally sat in a Barnes & Noble in New York City and watched three of them picked up and bought right off the newsstand.
"You will live and you will die. Both are good."
Got this in this morning from Chalfont St. Giles, Britain:
"Bob ~ Something happen to your blog? -- it hasn't been updated for yonks, while your posts are available on the 'Community' section of the TW website. No sweat, but I can't believe I'm the only one who noticed this. Incidentally, and I quote you ["take the anchor, out in a small boat and plant the sucker on the far side of the sand bar, take out the slack with a wench, and then hand crank the boat over!"]. I am lost in admiration of the versatility and physical capabilities of those Gila boatmen -- enjoying a sex break and hauling themselves over a sandbank at the same time!"
—Fred Nolan
Yes, on April 14 we migrated my blog archives (some 2,900 posts) over to a new address because the site we were on apparently was going away. When we did this, something happened on the BBB Blog address bar and it stopped showing new posts. You guessed correctly, Fred, I have had numerous emails basically saying the same thing. As I understand it (and I really don't get why this happened) you need to refresh your link. Even though it's the same address, you need to go in via the following address and when you see the new posts, save the address on your favorites as Wayne Rutschman has done here:
http://blog.truewestmagazine.com/
"Yes I clicked on the address and brought up the new site. I then added that site to my favorites and told it to overwrite the old favorites address. Works fine now. Thanks for saving me the time to check the obits with your prompt reply."
And, as for the wench usage, yes, indeed I did mean they used a loose woman to make it over troublesome sandbars. They weren't so good, though, when it came to docking. Don't know why.
"Doh!"
Went home for lunch and looked through my stack of 10,000 Bad Drawings sketchbooks and found this page of roughs from March 7, 2007:
This was right after Paul Hutton and I joined Bob Brink in New York to attend the annual New York Comic Con in February of 2007. No doubt inspired (or infected) by the mucho macho Manga comics I saw there, I whipped out this John The Baptist dangling head sketch (bottom, right).
Today, I saw it with new eyes and wondered if I could marry that dramatic sketch with a clip photo I have been saving of troops in Afghanistan enduring a sandstorm. I had to be back in the office at two for a design meeting, so I was under the gun, or under the knife, as it were. Did this in about 40 minutes. Here is the result:
Pretty dramatic, no? Need to work on the dangling head a bit, but the swirling dust effects are right on the money.
"The world is full of men who spend their lives fleeing from something that doesn't pursue them."
Thanks to the Googling expertese of Meghan Saar, I finally located Richard Lingenfelter, the author of "Steamboats on the Colorado". He lives in San Diego and on the phone answered a critical question for me about one of the techniques that the early Steamboat pilots used to get over sandbars. When these intrepid men, like Jack Mellon, would encounter a sandbar they had several methods for getting over them (all they needed was two inches of water!). According to Richard, if they failed to crawdaddy over (with poles and maneuvering), they would turn the big boat around and reverse the paddle wheel and chew through the sandbar, and if that failed they would take the anchor, out in a small boat and plant the sucker on the far side of the sand bar, take out the slack with a wench, and then hand crank the boat over! Just incredible stuff. And, I have never seen this portrayed in a movie. Have you?
Speaking of steamboat movies, over the weekend I whipped out a small master shot of the Colorado River in flood stage, late in the afternoon with steam rising off the water and a Steamboat, The Gila, chugging along (lower, center).
As the camera glides downward we hear Mojave In-din chants and maraca rhythms, oh and very loud cicadas. Got to have loud cicadas.
Oh, and one more thing: when we were in Laughlin two weekends ago for the history conference I saw an ad for a John Fogerty concert and the price was $139.95, plus tax! Per ticket! I went up to the room and said to Kathy, "How much would you pay to see John Fogerty?" And she said, "$15." Later, I was cruising around Laughlin and I saw a marquee advertising for a Credence Clearwater Revival Tribute Band called Fandango. Tickets were $19. Still four dollars too high for Kath. Me, I would have gladly paid $65 (to see Fogerty) if I could watch the show in a barca lounger and the hotel staff promised to wheel me out and up to my room by 9:30.
But that's just me still being wild and crazy.
"Left a good job in the city, working for the man every night and day."
—Proud Mary, Credence Clearwater Revival
Posted by Bob Boze Bell at 10:46 AM No comments:
April, 27, 2010
As I mentioned yesterday, we received a ten page letter from Belgium raving about Johnny Boggs' current column on "The Ten Best Westerns You've Never Heard of."
Here is one of the pages from Peter Stadlbaur of Maubray, Belgium:
Johnny picked "Fort Massacre" (the title loosely in German, above) as his number two pick. Peter says in his letter, "Great! I missed this movie when it came out in 1958 and was looking for it desperately—until it was shown just lately on a German TV Channel (in German) and I loved it. Never before or after Joel McCrea was meaner and tougher as he was in 'Fort Massacre.' Besides: JOel McCrea is my favourite Western actor.The film was grim—the characters without any illusion—'The Naked and the Dead'—style. Again: Great! I am now looking forward to watching this film in the original U.S. version and in a regular movie theatre (again)."
Here's Johnny article
"I hope more of this kind to come. "
—Peter Stadlbaur
Here are a couple photos from my art class last weekend. My first class at Vision Gallery showed up at ten. Here they are getting ready to draw:
The kid with the quick wit, John, is fifth from the left front. All of them were quite willing to bail in, especially when I told them to take off their shoes and draw with their toes.
Toes Were The Days
By the way, check out his drawings—very strong lines. I told him he was already drawing at a high school level (and I meant it). I told them their job is to get an agent and sell these drawings for thousands of dollars so their parents will never have to work again. As you can see, some of the parents are sitting behind the kids and this got a big laugh.
"Do as I say, not as I do!"
—BBB, reacting to little John nailing me about looking at my drawing
One of the benefits of living on the high Sonoran Desert is looking out the front window and seeing some pretty spectacular clouds. For example, this is right out my kitchen window (although I did run out and shoot it from the driveway):
That's Ratcliff Ridge in the foreground, studded with a high stand of saguaros. Meanwhile, the desert itself is blooming all over the place. When I shot this cloud scene I merely turned to the left and got this shot of our wild little succulents blooming a bright red:
Inspired I went right into the studio, looked through my discard pile, found a reject and tweaked it here and overpainted there, and ended up with this:
This is a scene I have planned for Mickey Free and his ride into Mexico where he discovers sporadic fires burning languidly across the plains, and as the clouds of smoke climb into the sky they mingle with the atmospheric clouds until one can't tell the difference.
"I see clouds in dead people's eyes."
—The Sixth Sense Kid on acid
I'm relatively new to the art teaching profession, having taught my first real class of students in February at the Orme Ranch School. Yesterday I had the privilege of teaching two classes of about 20 kids in each class at the Vision Gallery, which is on the west side of the old-town plaza in Chandler. It's part of a program for the Chandler Center for the Arts and since schools are cutting out art from the cirriculum these kinds of seminars are taking up the slack.
I was a tad nervous about the class because when I taught the high schoolers at Orme it was a challenge to keep them engaged, off of Twitter, Facebook, iPods and each other, but these kids (6 to 12 years old) were an absolute dream. First of all, they would hang on every word I said, and take everything I told them totally to heart:
"Okay, look up here, don't look at your drawing, draw what you see, not what you think you see, come on, don't look, I know you want to, that's your left-brain trying to control you, look up here at what you are drawing. . ."
So, when one of the kids later wanted me to show them facial spacing (how you line up eyes with mouth, ears to eyes, etc.) I started drawing on a pad on an easel and John, a precocious lad of about seven or eight, says, "stop looking at your drawing Mr. Bell." He wasn't being a smartass, or cheap in any way. He had taken my edict to heart and was feeding it back to me.
Of course, I had them draw with their opposite hand and then their toes. The kids squealed when i told them what I wanted and I told them they didn't have to do it if they didn't want to, but the ones who squirmed the loudest and said they would never do it were the ones who dived right in and seemed to enjoy it the most.
When I raved about their wild lines and how much integrity their drawings had, you could see the lightbulbs go off and it was quite inspiring to see. I told them I was unlocking a secret weapon, like a super power and how it was going to give them an advantage over their friends who think art is scanning a piece of art into a computer and coloring it with an application and a mousepad. That's not art, I told them, what you are doing is art.
After I sold them on the super power idea I told them their assignment was to go out into the world and get on the ladder, but I warned them that there will be 300 other kids lined up around that ladder waiting to get on, and it's your job to figure out how to get around those others and get on that ladder.
At the end of the class, John (yes, the same feisty kid) came up to me and said, "I'm going to get on that ladder." I later learned his father is terminally ill and the confidence of that boy took my breath away. Nobody is going to stop him.
Speaking of kids, when I think about my own children I often pride myself on the fact that I treated both my son and my daughter exactly the same, without favoritism. However, and this is hard to admit, when it comes to dating. . .
"I believe nobody is good enough for my daughter and everybody is too good for my son."
Posted by Bob Boze Bell at 12:51 PM No comments:
Lots of talk in Arizona about a tough new immigration bill our governor is considering signing. Very contentious on both sides and to hear them talk you'd think this is something we have never faced before.
The more things change, the more they remain the same. Case in point:
Wanted! More Unwanted Immigrants
"For every thing you gain, you will lose something. And for everything you lose, you will gain something."
Everybody, I mean everybody, has forwarded me the news about the O.K. Corral inquest papers being found. Unfortunately, the reports make it seem as if these have been missing since 1881, but that is not the case.
Here is Mark Boardman's take on the find:
"Just to be clear--this is the Coroner's Inquest, done the same day as the Street Fight. It is not the trial inquest (the so-called Earp Hearing). The originals of that are still missing.
"I'm trying to find out just how long the Coroner's Inquest papers have been around--a couple of years at least, according to some friends.
"I believe these are the originals. They were misplaced in the '60s and later found in Bisbee.
"There is no real new info in the 'find.' Lord knows how many copies were made before they were lost. They're quoted in many places."
—Mark Boardman
"Three men hurled into eternity in the duration of a moment."
—Headline from Tombstone Epitaph, October 27, 1881
O.K. Corral inquest papers surface. This just in:
http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100421/ap_on_re_us/us_ok_corral_documents_5
"You sons of bitches have been looking for a fight and now you can have it."
—Wyatt S. Earp
Had a routine nuclear stress test this morning. For all you youngsters who are not used to getting poked and probed (yet), it's this wonderful four-hour experience where you can't eat or have coffee for 12 hours before the test. They inject nuclear isotopes into a temporary IV in your arm, run you through a modified MRI machine, while insisting you put your arms over your head in a very uncomfortable position and not move for 15 minutes, then put you on a treadmill and increase the speed and angle of the treadmill until you are close to passing out, then they inject you with the nuke stuff, then run you through the MRI deal one more time. That's the short version. Believe me, it's a total laughfest from start to finish.
Came back to the office and took Stuart Rosebrook out to lunch for his 47th birthday. We went to El Encanto and he pitched me on several cover story ideas. I bought $25 and change, (biz account).
Speaking of biz, I forwarded a New Yorker business advice article to my good friend Charlie Waters in Las Vegas. He noted the items he thought worthwhile and sent it back to me so I wouldn't have to read it (I hate attatchments or links and rarely click on them). Here are his highlights:
"Just finished the excellent piece you sent me from The New Yorker. Thanks so much.
"I marked the following three things in it . . .
"1.) Publishing exists in a continual state of forecasting its own demise; at one major house, there is a running joke that the second book published on the Gutenberg press was about the death of the publishing business.
"2.) From the chairman and CEO of Random House: "If you want to make the right decision for the future, fear is not a very good consultant."
"3.) No matter where consumers buy books, their belief that electronic media should cost less---that something you can't hold simply isn't worth as much money---will exert a powerful force.
"I think all three apply to magazines and newspapers to some degree as well. So sayeth the dinosaur."
—Charles Richard Waters
Thanks Charles. Read about a weird Western in True West. Henry Beck made it sound rather interesting so I rented it from Netflix:
In a strange land where East meets West, two rival gangs -- the Heike Reds and the Genji Whites -- are locked in a deadly feud over a fortune in gold until a lone hero (Hideaki Ito) comes to town, meets the gangs' various victims and tries to restore order. Director Quentin Tarantino guest stars as a gunslinger in this visually stunning spaghetti Western from Japanese cult film director Takashi Miike.
Review later.
"Our energy is in proportion to the resistance it meets. We attempt nothing great but from a sense of the difficulties we have to encounter; we perservere in nothing great but from a pride in overcoming them."
When I was growing up in Kingman many families went "to the lake" on the weekend to boat and water ski. That would be Lake Mohave on the Colorado River. Even though it was blistering hot out, the water was not warm, but it was warm enough to swim comfortably.
But the real shocker was when we went to the river at Bullhead, just below Davis Dam, it was really cold. We were always told it was freezing cold because of the water coming out of the bottom of Davis Dam, which would make some sense, but, I bought a bunch of new books on the history of the Colorado (see list below) and while I was reading of 1860s explorers who were running up and down the river long before the dams were built, one explorer complained the water was so cold it "hurt our teeth."
Trust me, the water in this picture is freezing cold. This photo was taken out the window of our room (#7095) at the Aquarius Hotel (formerly the Flamingo Hilton) in Laughlin.
So why is a river that runs hundreds of miles through 122 degree desert heat, freezing cold? What's up with that?
Books I bought at the Arizona-Nevada Joint History Conference in Laughlin:
• Hell's Outpost: A History of Old Fort Yuma , by Frank Love ($10)
• The Old Customhouse (Quartermaster's Residence at Yuma Crossing) , By Mary Ben Kerckhoff($15)
• Yuma ($25)
• Yuma Frontier Crossing of the Far Soutwest, by Clifforn Trafzer ($12)
• Wild River, Timeless Canyons: Baldun Mollhausen's Watercolors of the Colorado, Ben W. Huseman ($55)
• Arizona Charlie, King ($30)
• Captain Isaac Polhamus II: Desert Mariner, by Isaac Polhamus IV ($90)
"One of the coldest winters I have ever spent was a summer in San Francisco."
One of the questions I often get is "What happened to the Billy the Kid dig?" Well, Mark Boardman is on the trail of this wacky, bizarre story and I'm planning on a cover painting to illustrate it. Going to start roughs this weekend. Mark has been sending me a few of his observations and I was laughing out loud this morning reading them.
Also working on a steamboat painting. Got some excellent photo reference on my trip back from Laughlin on Saturday. Here's The Needles from the bridge at Topock:
Man, those are some impressive spires, no? I assume we are looking at geographic strata turned straight up?
Meanwhile, the Mojave Indians have a mystical rock they worship as the creation location and I believe it's this one:
This is near Union Pass on the way to Bullhead and we grew up calling it "Finger Rock" because from the other direction it looks exactly like someone flipping the bird. Once again, really outrageous rock formation. I think the Mojaves saw an eagle in it. Just shows you how dirty minded white kids from Kingman can be.
"I'm insecure about everything, every day. I'm insecure now, that I'm not answering the question interestingly enough."
—Chris Rock, answering the question "What are you insecure about" in Allure magazine
Thanks to Meghan Saar and Abby Goodrich we finally have all the True West Moments that have run in the Arizona Republic up on this site. Check them out right here:
True West Moments
Sometimes I get confused about what is working and what is not, and of course, I'm doing ten things at once (working on the next issue, posting to Facebook and here, planning a video show and doing storyboards for a graphic novel) and I often wonder if half the stuff I'm doing I should stop and just concentrate on one thing, and do it really well? (Perhaps this is why Kathy is forcing me to go to a Procrastination Seminar this coming Friday?)
Gee, I wonder what ol' Evans has to say about all this?
"We need the courage to start and continue what we should do, and courage to stop what we shouldn't do."
Got a question from Jerry Sanders who has recently purchased an original Flying A gas station sign (with the neon broken) and he wanted to know what the color of the neon was so he could replicate it.
Even though I used to sit outside my grandmother's house on Jefferson Street at the foot of Radar Hill and stare at my father's Flying A sign going on and off, along with my cousin Robert Jerl Stockbridge, for hours, I couldn't for the life of me remember the colors:
Finally, Jerry sent me this version which I think is dead on:
"You can trust the man who wears the Flying A."
—Mangled Gas Station Slogan Memory
Back from Laughlin and the history convention. Came back through Bullhead (Hardyville was behind the Safeway there), Fort Mohave, Topock, Needles Canyon, Lake Havasu, Bouse, Hope, Salome (where she danced), Wendon, Aguila (eagle in Spanish), Wickenburg and home. Got some good photos on the Colorado for my Martha Summerhaye's research. Created a timeline of her travel from Fort Russell, Wyoming to San Franciso to Cabo San Lucas to Yuma and then up the Rio Colorado to Fort Mojave. Here are the timeline highlights of the next part of the trip:
• (Rejoining Martha on the Colorado River at about The Needles): On the 3rd of September, 1874 the boilers on the Gila "foamed" and the steamer, the barge and the troops had to lay over for "nearly a day."
• The Gila arrived at Camp Mojave on September 8 (it took 11 days from Yuma). Captain Jack Mellon pronounced it "a quick trip."
• The troops spent two days and nights at Fort Mojave. On September 10 (35 days since they left San Fran), they lined up and headed out, with the infantry troops marching in advance, then came the ambulances & carriages (Martha mentions several officers bought carriages in San Francisco for this trip, so I assume they were on the boat), followed by big, blue army wagons and schooners each drawn by six heavy mules. Martha is riding in one of the ambulances. Bringing up the rear was a small rear guard. They marched for an hour and then halted for ten minutes. When they halted, the officers would walk back to the wagons and talk to the wives until assembly was called.
• In the desert they would get up at four ("cook's call"), make breakfast (soldier's bacon, coffee and biscuits baked in a dutch oven), strike camp and head out, marching until about noon when they would make the next camp and have supper (see breakfast).
• At noon of the first day's march, the troops reached Packwood's Ranch. He had a bar and many of the soldiers sampled the stock.
• On September 12, they reached Beale's Springs (near Kingman, AZ) and Martha bought a peach pie for one silver dollar. It was also on the 12th that one of the soldier's dogs ran to his death from the heat.
• For the next two days, Martha says they marched over "dreary country", camping at Freeze-wash near some old silver mines.
• On September 16 the guide shouted: "28 miles to Willow Springs Grove." They got there at 4 P.M. By this time some of the older troopers had given out and are riding on the wagons (that would be me).
• September 17, they encounter rolling grass country and they can see Bill William's Mountain in the distance. They camp at Fort Rock.
• Their next two stops are at Anvil Rock and Old Camp Hualapai.
• At this point the road turns south and "about the middle of September" Martha writes, they arrived at American Ranch about 10 miles from Fort Whipple.
• The wagons push on to Whipple while the troops lay over and march in the next day. They have been travelling for 7 weeks straight and one of the companies, F Company, stays at Whipple, while Martha's husband's unit, K Company gets word they will be going on to Fort Apache.
• The garrison at Whipple throws a dance and there are informal dinners and a trip into Prescott. They stay 3 days to rest up.
• Martha doesn't give the date of departure from Whipple, but says it took two days to get to Camp Verde where another company dropped out.
• In the "latter part of September" 2 companies of soldiers (about a hundred men in all, 5 or 6 officers, 2 wives and 2 laundresses), march out of Camp Verde bound for Fort Apache. They take Crook's Trail and according to Martha they are the first wagon train to actually use the trail.
• The mountains are steep and a wagon with a 6 mule team is lost over a cliff. A party of horsemen "tore past us at a gallop. . ", it's General Crook and staff heading somewhere quickly.
• After two months of arduous travel, Martha and the remaining troops finally arrive at Fort Apache and join the 5th Cavalry which is also stationed there.
• Martha unpacks and goes outside to witness one of the wives playing tennis.
"In the end, everything is a gag."
—Charlie Chaplan
In Laughlin for the Arizona History Conference. This morning at ten, Robert Ray and Meghan Saar joined me for a presentation "paper" on "The Battle of Big, Dry, History." We cross examined, via a slide show, how we create our Classic Gunfights and the hurdles to accurate history. Went really well. Had a surprise guest: Dr. Sam Palmer, who is the unmoved mover on the actual Battle of Big Dry Wash fight in 1882. Pulled him right out of the audience like Woody Allen did with Marshall McCluhan (sp?) in Bananas. Robert Ray got a huge laugh when I asked him the biggest problem he faces when doing these and he said, "You are my biggest problem."
I came here to sell books, but I bought $250 of Colorado steamboat books. Going to a big Mohave Country Shindig tonight in Bullhead.
Always fun to see my history buds. Also, our seventh floor room overlooks the mighty Colorado River and I keep imagining Jack Mellon and Martha Summerhayes coming right by here on this same river. I know, it's a bit too far north (Martha got off at Fort Mojave, which is about 11 miles south of here, but still!).
"Sometimes I hear the still voices of the Desert: they seem to be calling me through the echoes of the Past."
—Martha Summerhayes, Vanished Arizona
Got this interesting link to a story about young Japanese girls who are hooked on history. While it's the history of Japan they are attracted to, the parallels to our Western history are compelling.
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=125898462
"When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world."
Yesterday I posted a scratchboard of Coyote Pass near Kingman and a friend asked me, "Didn't your dad used to drive you as a baby over that pass in a '49 Ford? And don't you wish you still had that Ford?"
Yes, and yes. Here is a photo of my father and his pit crew on the annual Route 66 Fun Run in 1993:
Left to right: BBB, Al Bell, Milton Cece (his Norwegian cousin from Iowa) and Ray Hader (pit boss). This was taken in Seligman across the street from the Sno Cap Drive-In as the cars for the Fun Run lined up. This guy had painted this huge postcard backdrop and for $20 you could have a professonal photo taken. I thought this was a very cool idea and wished I would have thought of it. Later, when my father was ordering more photos for his friends the guy admitted that we were the only ones who bought a photo (there were over 500 cars on the run!). After I found this out, and in subsequent Fun Runs (we drove in it every year for at least a decade) I would quiz the vendors (tables with really cool books on Ruote 66 classic gas stations, etc.) and they would invariably tell me that they weren't doing jack for sales. I always asked why they thought this was the case and one astute vendor said, "All their money is in their cars." Ha. I think that nails it.
And here's a couple photos of the view from Coyote Pass looking towards the snow-capped Hualapais:
"Catching a yellow jacket in your shirt at 75 mph can double your vocabulary."
—Old Biker Saying
Cooler out and cloudy, but no rain. Actually very nice out.
I'm rereading Martha Summerhayes' Vanished Arizona and enjoying it even more than the first five times I read it. One of the main reasons I always enjoy her adventures is that she goes right through my old stomping grounds. The soldier columns followed the freighting outfits, run by Captain Hardy, as they marched up from Fort Mojave on the Colorado River to above Hardyville (about where Bullhead is today), then traveled west to Packwood's Ranch (which must have been near Union Pass), then across Golden Valley and up Coyote Pass into Beale Springs (just outside present day Kingman). Here is that view looking into the throat of Coyote Pass:
Really dramatic views both ways. And here's Martha's description of Beale's Springs:
"Beale's Springs did not differ from the other ranch [Packwood's], except that possibly it was even more desolate." I like to joke that she predicted no civilized people could ever live here, and she is pretty much right about that.
And here's a view of Weaver's Needle and the backside of the Superstition mountains:
Caught this view on my way across the McDowell Indian Res. We're looking at the Sups from the northwest, looking southeast.
"Those who attain any excellence commonly spend life in one pursuit; for excellence is not often granted upon easier terms."
April 12, 2010,
Had a very nice weekend working on a variety of things. Whipped out a series of small scratchboards. Here's the Gila chugging along on the Colorado River near the Needles:
And here's the Gila going up stream near El Dorado Canyon:
And here are the deckhands with their long poles gauging the depth of the current near Parker:
The deckhands, usually of Mexican and, or, In-din blood, would call out "Four!" (as in four feet deep), then "Three!" "Two!" "Two light!" "Quarter less two!" And, in the case of Martha Summerhaye's, when she wrote the deckhands on her trip yelled out, "No alli agua!" (No water there). In these situations captains like Jack Mellon would either "grasshopper" the boat over a sandbar with poles and spars, or, if the water over the bar was too shallow, the captain would turn the boat around and "crawfish" the boat over, cutting a channel with the stern wheels. Simply amazing.
"Pure Yankee!"
—A Swiss traveler remarking at Captain Mellon's ingeniousness for getting over sandbars
Went for a walk with Peaches at about 7:30 this morning. Just about perfect out. Halfway up Old Stage Road Peaches lurched around on her leash and I turned to see a large coyote coming right up behind us, within fifteen feet. My big "Hey!" and my flailing arm movements scared him off, but barely. He merely loped off about fifty yards and looked at us contemptuously.
Walked on with no further incidents although I met a woman on a cellphone walking her dog without a leash and she said, "Hi, Baby." Then to me, "Is she friendly?" "Not really," I said as Peaches took a couple lunges at her dog. "She's kind of territorial." Which is an understatement. The irritating thing is, the woman kept right on going with the damn phone in her ear, oblivious to any danger around her (the coyote, Peaches the Predator, etc.). When you think about it, we are all part of a food chain conga line with a predator at every level, for everyone.
Walked on down to the creek at Rockaway Hills and enjoyed the running water. Heard a gun shot, coming from up the creek and marked it in my mind for the potential police report: ("Yes, sir. I heard the gunshot at precisely 7:41, but at the time I didn't know my nutbag neighbor had shot a woman on a cell phone.")
Came back and cleaned out my dark room in the studio and converted it to a storyboard room. Put up a couple peg boards with sketches and ideas for a new video project I'm working on with three talented guys in the biz. This will be under the umbrella of the True West brand. We believe there is room for a new kind of history doc, and a new way of doing re-enacting that isn't so clunky and old school. Besides, those kind of docs are dead and gone.
Did a couple scratchboard landscapes: one of Weaver's Needle and another of Coyote Pass, west of Kingman. I sure enjoy these little landscapes, but sometimes wonder if they're taking me where I need to go. Gee, I wonder what ol' H.D. has to say about this?
"Go confidently in the direction of your dreams. Live the life you have imagined."
Working on more Colorado River steamboat images and studying the outrageous demise of the venture (more on that later). Does anyone know why there were no steamboats on the Rio Grande, at least in New Mexico? Or, were there? And, come to think of it, I don't recall any on the Rio Grande in Texas. I assume they must have plied the eastern end of the river as it got closer to the gulf. If you know, please edify me.
A couple corrections from yesterday's post, the first train across the Colorado River was at Yuma on September 30, 1877 and here's a photo of the event:
Yes, that's Fort Yuma on the bluff in the background. Meanwhile, up river, the Atlantic & Pacific tried to cross at a point fifteen miles south of Fort Mojave, but the river was in flood stage and running at 1,600 feet wide and the swift current uprooted the pilings as fast as they could set them. A tent town sprang up on the California side, named Needles for the outcroppings nearby. After three months of effort a bridge was finally erected but it washed out in 1884, in 1886 and 1888. So the A&P went downstream ten miles and constructed a high cantilever span at a narrower point that became known as Mellen (a misspelling of the legendary river captain Jack Mellon). Here is a photo of that bridge going up:
And, amazingly, that is the steamboat Gila parked at the foot of the bridge, having brought up supplies (although the tracks had been laid from the west to this point and the east to this point and supplies could easily have been brought in by rail). I believe this railroad bridge was still being used when we traveled to sports events in Needles in the 1960s and we crossed the Colorado on the Traveler (our bus) on another bridge just south of this bridge. Needles was an arch rival of Kingman and we were raised to believe all the girls there were whores (I was shocked when I later met a guy from Needles and he said they thought the same thing about Kingman girls. Perhaps we were both right).
"A whore is a loose woman from another town, who doesn't know your sister."
—Ben Rux, Kingman sage
I did a taped interview earlier this week for "Colorado Matters" a KCFR (Colorado Public Radio) program. The subject was us naming two Colorado museums in our top ten museums piece in the current issue of True West. Here is the info, if you want to access the interview:
The interview with Bob Boze Bell is currently scheduled to air today,
Friday, April 9 on Colorado Matters.
Here's how you can listen:
Colorado Matters airs on KCFR (Colorado Public Radio) at 10 am and
again at 7 pm Mountain Time.
Here's a link to the frequencies:
http://www.cpr.org/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=35
Plus you can stream the broadcast live online at:
http://www.kcfr.org/
or play it on demand in the online archives after 11 am on the day of the show.
Also an mp3 should be posted to the podcast page later in the night.
http://www.npr.org/rss/podcast.php?id=510072
You should be able to download and save it to your computer if you want to.
This morning I received a big box from Jim Pfluger the Director of the National Ranching Heritage Center. Inside were two, big, brand-spanking new books: "Pitchfork Country: The Photogrpahy of Bob Moorhouse" and "The Spurs of James Wheat: Pioneer Collector" by Bruce Bartlett. Both are beautifully done with great cowboy pics.
Meanwhile, one of my hosts at the NRHC, Emily Arellano, sent me this photo she took on the NRHC grounds. I'm posed below one of the several historic windmills on the property:
"You gotta love Lubbock: big wind, big hats & big country."
Flying R came out to the True West World Headquarters yesterday and traded me a custom-made red braid hatband for a Tom Horn painting. Here tis:
Looks good against the white of that Beaver Brand Hat, no?
"What's red on white and proud all over?"
Still gripped by the lore of the Colorado steamboats. This is one of the blessings of Attention Deficit Disorder. I wake up excited to learn more. Unlike George Eastman, the unmoved mover of Kodak, I have never awakened in the morning and said, "I have nothing to live for."
I never realized how much of the world I grew up in (Mohave County, Arizona) was developed from the opening of the river to steamboat access in the 1860s. Fort Mojave (today spelled Mohave, but I much prefer the Spanish spelling), Beale's Crossing and Beale's Springs, Hardyville, Wauba Yuma Mining District, the McCrackin Mine, Signal, Cerbat, Mineral Park and Chloride were all developed because of steamboat shipping, both in and out of the district.
One district I was not aware of was the Eldorado Canyon Mining Co. which was on the Nevada side and north of Searchlight, but evidently it was a huge deal. And, by the way, Searchlight got its name from the last steamboat on the lower Colorado River.
Here's is another view of the Gila chugging up the muddy Colorado near Liverpool Landing:
The Gila was launched in January of 1873 (so she was only a year old when Martha Summeryhayes rode the Big Red River), and was 149 feet long, with a 31-foot beam, a depth of 3.5 feet, and drew only 16.5 inches of water. The book I'm culling this from, "Steamboats On The Colorado River: 1852—1916" by Richard E. Lingenfelter, doesn't have the horsepower of the Gila, but it's interesting that two other steamboats that preceded her had steam engines that produced 50-75 horsepower, which seems awful weak to carry 50 tons of freight, but they did.
The shipping rate was about $50 per ton, which also seems low, but the locals in the 1860s considered this extremely high, and the owners of the steamboat company were raking in about $250,000 a year.
As soon as the railroads arrived and crossed the river, in Yuma in 1879 and in Needles in 1889, the steamboats were doomed and the owners sold out to the railroads, who immediately cut the pay of deckhands and started charging $5 for dog passage (before they had been free). Sound familiar?
Meanwhile, here's a scratchboard of a bandido I whipped out this morning:
It's from a movie still of Robert Mitchum in The Wonderful Country, but for our purposes we'll call him "Billy Bandido."
"Colorado River have big problem: too thick to drink, too thin to plow."
—Levi Levi, chief of the Hualapais
Got a call from my road warrior daughter yesterday. She was driving from Chicago to Green Bay, Wisconsin to give 401K presentations at a slaughter house (they recommended she stop and buy Vick's to rub under her nose to combat the smell). She was supposed to fly into Milwaukee and fly straight in, but flights were canceled and she ended up in Chicago with a rental car. I told her I hoped the scenery was good and she told me it was foggy and rainy and she couldn't see much of anything.
When I venture out on the road, like my trip to Lubbock last week, I am always reminded of Deena's world, because she is battling road and flight problems almost every day.
Reticular Activator
My therapist wife turned me on to a concept called the reticular activator (not sure of that spelling). As I understand it, your mind is looking for solutions to problems and often when we are doing other things, a recessed part of your noggin' will activate and, butting in, remind you that a solution is nearby. The most profound example of this, to me, is when, in 2002, True West was losing $30K a month and my brother-in-law told me the only way we were going to survive is if I could find someone with national magazine experience. I told him that was a tall order in remote Cave Creek, Arizona and he said, "Not my problem." About two weeks later my staff was arguing over a cover design at Robert Ray's computer and, over the wall, I happened to hear the word "Hearst." I excused myself, went out front in our little store and saw four or five people standing there. I said, "Who just said 'Hearst'?" And this guy near the door said, "I did." "Why did you say Hearst?" And Bob Brink famously replied, "Because I ran the magazine division at Hearst for 26 years and I just retired to Carefree."
So I'm a firm believer in the power of the reticular activator.
A couple days ago I ran a diary entry from Martha Summerhayes (Vanished Arizona) where she described being on a Colorado River steamboat, named the Gila, and that the steamboat pulled a barge where the soldiers from her husband's company were loaded for the trip up river from Yuma to Fort Mojave. I wondered what that would look like, but didn't have much hope that I would find any photos of such a specific combo at this late date. And, I have never seen any photos of this phenom in all my years of researching.
We had a design meeting two days ago in the conference room and when we finished and were coming out someone stopped me and asked me a question. I answered it, but as I did I just happened to look over at an overflow bookshelf we keep in the makeshift hallway, behind the production department. For some reason, this title jumped out at me:
"Steamboats On The Colorado River: 1852—1916." I grabbed it and took it into my office, but I got sidetracked by other problems and finally put it in my bag to take home.
Last night, at home, I sat down on the couch and took a gander inside the book. Here is a photo of the Gila, which is the exact boat Martha was on, and along side are two barges:
The Gila is the boat in the middle and the barges are docked on either side. There are also photos in the book of a barge being pulled (they just strung a big rope back behind the paddle wheel) and also of the Gila towing a barge full of coal.
Amazing, that we had this book in our library and that I happened to get stopped right in front of it on that particular day.
Reticularisish, no?
Needless to say, I started reading the book and now I've got steamboats on the brain. And, of course, I want to do a piece on it for the magazine. Unlike the Mississippi, the Colorado River would all but dry up in stretches during the winter, but the really good steamboat captains and their pole wielding deckhands could literally move these multi-ton boats over sandbars and through two inches of water? Amazing, but true.
Here's my morning sketch of the Gila tied up near Castle Dome:
So that's my incredible reticular resource example for today. Gee, I wonder what ol' Luc de has to say about this?
"The greatest achievement of the human spirit is to live up to one's opportunities and make the most of one's resources."
Just got back from lunch with Mad Coyote Joe and Wonderful Russ. Joe treated and insisted we go downtown to Durant's, one of the oldest surviving watering holes in the Valley of the Sun. I used to eat there quite a bit when I worked downtown in the eighties, but hadn't been there in at least 15 years. We laughed quite a bit, and like I said, the whole deal was on Mad, and that was funny enough right there.
As I've mentioned here before, I've got some very obsessive friends. But even among my compulsive obsessive friends (yes, that would be you Bugs) one guy stands out, and that is Bob Stinson. Here, I'll let him tell you his story:
Babes On Graves III
"Besides guitars and pretty women, my biggest passion in life is adventure and exploring, especially when it involves Western history. I want to know what the Old West was really like. That’s why I gravitate to Old West cemeteries.
"Here I am on the road with the lovely Debbie Dayton:
"Yes, Debbie is the showgirl who posed on Alferd Packer's grave in the snow, that BBB ran on this blog a couple weeks ago:
"Last year, after my musician gig at the Vegas casino where I work, I hit the road with a beautiful showgirl named Cindy Dare, we had worked together in the past and she was very excited about joining me on my quest. We took some pictures in Tombstone and Wilcox, Arizona, and had dinner in a renovated old rail car that had been turned into a barbeque restaurant. The food was really, really good and the server came up and talked with us, just like we were old friends. She explained how her husband was a miner in Silver City, New Mexico, and that her family had recently moved to Wilcox. Why is it small town people seem to understand that it is not that difficult to be friendly to strangers?
"We got out to Warren Earp's grave at sunset and Cindy was overcome with emotion as she knelt by his lonely grave:
"From Wilcox, we traveled to Tombstone, and the next day we landed at Boothill Graveyard and Cindy put on her showgirl outfit and strutted her stuff beside the outlaw graves. Here she is in front of the Clanton's final resting place. You can almost hear the spurs spinning inside those coffins:
"I love to see a beautiful woman with a faraway look in a sad cemetery."
—Bob Stinson
Went home for lunch and whipped out a couple scratchboards. First up, a new bottom for the Nazi Western True West Moment:
This is called "How 2" as opposed to "How 1":
I wanted the In-din to be a little further back, on a ridge, kind of looking down on the Nazi film crew, both literally and figuratively, but I don't always get what's in my head, out through my hand, on to paper. Meanwhile, tweaked another Point of View of a Vaquero:
Nice effects in both, but the Vato at left seems more Mexicano to me. Also working on a Colorado steamboat for another Martha Summerhayes True West Moment:
I nailed the canyons of the Colorado River, but that damn steamboat is more birthday cake than authentic steamer. Dammit! Had good reference but tubed it.
Pulled down my copy of Vanished Arizona and reread Martha's take on how she and her husband and his fellow troopers made it from Fort Yuma up the Colorado River to Fort Mojave:
". . .and here we were, on the steamer 'Gila,' Captain [Jack] Mellon, with the barge full of soldiers towing on after us, starting for Fort Mojave, some two hundred miles above."
So the troopers coming into the Arizona theater of war (think Iraq rotation), were hauled up the Colorado on huge barges towed by the steamer. What the hell did that look like? Well, here's a drawing from a Mark Twain book of a twin stack steamboat pushing several barges on the Mississippi:
The officers and their wives (about nine) were on the steamer itself but it didn't give them much shelter in August:
"We had staterooms, but could not remain in them long at a time, on account of the intense heat. . ."
A thermometer showed the temperature in the shade at 122 degrees and when they ate in the "saloon" behind the wheel house the metal handles of the knives "were uncomfortable to touch; and even the wooden arms of the chairs felt as if they were slowly burning."
At dusk, the steamer would find a level bank where the soldiers could make camp and the officers and their wives slept on the decks of the boat. As they attempted to escape the searing heat, they all gravitated to the west side of the boat in the mornings and the east side in the afternoons as the boat listed up the river. The sandbars were treacherous and the deck hands utilized long poles to push the boat when they struck a sand bar, which was quite often. Martha reports that they were "aground an hour, sometimes a half day or more." The trip took 11 days and the legendary captain Mellon bragged that 52 days was the longest he had been stranded, so far. Ha.
"It's quite a place, come out and see it."
—Captain Bernard of the Fifth Cav
Cleared out my January notes from my Franklin Daytimer, putting the best tidbits in my carry forward file. Here are those notes and ideas:
Notes from January, 2010 daytimer:
• Execute a series of 8X10 Hollywood style black and white glossies of Geronimo, Custer, Billy, Etta Place, Zapata, etc.
• quotes for "Round About" concept. Needs a staging area
• "He's not going anywhere." Hunkydory Holmes' pathetic and prophetic understatement. Possible opening line of story.
• Go to the opposite end: work backwards from a positive review of Mickey Free: "An esoteric masterpiece, dense with erudite references, disguised as so many cartoons, concealed behind blinding speed of execution." Now work backwards and make that end note come true.
• A grizzled prospector picking at rocks, burro in background, climbs up to a ridge and stares at something in the distance. We hear a distant roar and then POV we see a long oval racetrack in the middle of the desert: cut to closeup of the XS-5000 banking high on the oval track. Title card: Yucca, Arizona. Ford Proving Grounds, 1957
• William the Conqueror was so successful, he became too fat to get on his horse.
• "The simple fact is simple is hard to do."
• quote, jan. 7: "We are all inventors, each sailing out on a voyage of discovery, guided each by a private chart of which there is no duplicate. The world is all gates, all opportunities."
• "That cowboy would ride a goat into a stampede."
• My childhood nightmare: a giant head in a tugboat cap looms over a cluster of bulk plant storage tanks. My father doesn't see it and I can't seem to warn him
• You can't tell the story of the West without starting in the east. And by that I mean Chicago, New York, England, Spain and China.
• My Norwegian grandmother, Minnie Hauan, never liked the story where we were on our way to Arizona on Route 66 and I ended up in a car with 3 Vegas hookers. I was nine. She was 69. (Intro to Sixty-Six Chix.)
• The State of the Western: the film genre I love the most suffers from plot rot. Explain. Tap Paul Hutton, John Fusco, Johnny Boggs and a dozen others to explain how to make Westerns bankable again. Do a reader's survey online to determine the why and the how of it all.
Worked on several other scenes, including this one:
Also, did another extension of the "En Grand Toilette" hombres to also patch onto an existing illustration (and make it longer):
Spending wayyyyy too much time on these, since they are quick cartoons that will run every Sunday in the Arizona Republic. Gee, I wonder what ol' Will has to say about this?
"We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act but a habit."
April 30, 2010 It was a week ago today that I s...
April 29, 2010 Worked last night on sketches fo...
April 28, 2010 I think it's safe to say, that t...
April 28, 2010 One of the advantages of almost ...
April 28, 2010 Got this in this morning from Chalf...
April 27, 2010 Went home for lunch and looked thro...
April 27, 2010 Thanks to the Googling expertese...
April, 27, 2010 As I mentioned yesterday, we recei...
April 26, 2010 Here are a couple photos from my...
April 26, 2010 One of the benefits of living on th...
April 25, 2010 I'm relatively new to the art te...
April 22, 2010 Lots of talk in Arizona about a ...
April 22, 2010 Everybody, I mean everybody, has fo...
April 21, 2010 O.K. Corral inquest papers surfa...
April 21, 2010 Had a routine nuclear stress tes...
April 20, 2010 When I was growing up in Kingman ma...
April 20, 2010 One of the questions I often get...
April 19, 2010 Thanks to Meghan Saar and Abby Good...
April 19, 2010 Got a question from Jerry Sander...
April 18, 2010 Back from Laughlin and the histo...
April 16, 2010 In Laughlin for the Arizona History...
April 14, 2010 Got this interesting link to a s...
April 14, 2010 Yesterday I posted a scratchboard o...
April 13, 2010 Cooler out and cloudy, but no rain....
April 12, 2010, Had a very nice weekend working...
April 10, 2010 Went for a walk with Peaches at abo...
April 9, 2010 Working on more Colorado River steam...
April 9, 2010 I did a taped interview earlier this...
April 8, 2010 This morning I received a big box fr...
April 8, 2010 Flying R came out to the True West W...
April 8, 2010 Still gripped by the lore of the Col...
April 7, 2010 Got a call from my road warrior daug...
April 6, 2010 Just got back from lunch with Mad...
April 5, 2010 Went home for lunch and whipped out ...
April 5, 2010 Cleared out my January notes from...
April 2, 2010 As mentioned, worked yesterday on an...
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