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Monthly Archive for: ‘August, 2010’
Home » Monthly Archive for: 'August 12th, 2010'
Holy Shit, It’s BioShock Infinite!
08/12/2010 |Mat C|News25
Oh, wowzers! A short while ago, Ken Levine (the master behind the original BioShock) and his team at Irrational Games well and truly blew the lid off their next major project. Although we knew an announcement of some description was due, what exactly the world was about to see has remained a mystery. Until now, that is. BioShock is back, but unlike its direct sequel from earlier on this year, the franchise’s true Big Daddy is …
First Impressions: Mafia II
08/12/2010 |Mat C|Impressions6
The original Mafia was a game I always wanted to love but never really did. As something of a fan of popular gangster culture in the film industry, I’ve always wanted 1930s gangland Chicago to translate well to video games. As far as the history of the criminal underworld goes, the era’s rather unique blend of quick talkin’, trilby wearin’, suited and booted, Tommy gun totin’ kingpins should really translate well to gaming. For one reason or another however, it never really has. Mafia wasn’t a bad game by any stretch of the imagination, but despite such a rich abundance of source material to pick up on, it was a game which in my opinion lacked an identity or a unique sell.
Despite mixed feelings on the original however, Mafia II has remained firmly on my radar for some time. Thanks to the pre-release demo launched on Xbox Live, PlayStation Network and Steam yesterday, I’ve finally had an opportunity to get my hands on this long awaited sequel.
Revisited: Warhammer Online
08/12/2010 |Lewis B|Revisited10
It’s been eleven months since I last set foot into Warhammer Online. As one of the first to play the game throughout its closed BETA period and launch, I had certainly burnt myself out by late October last year. Playing one class exclusively, and encountering many of the game’s trials and tribulations, a break was certainly much needed…
Sometimes the Stories Write Themselves
08/11/2010 |Matt "Steerpike" Sakey|News3
The tubes are alight with new rumors that Gearbox – creators of Borderlands and one of those WWII games, Medal of Brothers or Call in Arms or whatever – has been tapped to take over development of Duke Nukem Forever, a game that’s been in development since the Paleozoic and finally got canceled in 2009 when 3D Realms, its creator, went belly-up.
Men Who Hate Women
08/10/2010 |Matt "Steerpike" Sakey|Editorials29
Last night I saw The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (oh, sweet sweet Netflix auto-streaming to Xbox, how I love thee). It was pretty brutal – not quite as brutal as the book, which spent pages exquisitely describing sexual torture – but pretty brutal. Michael Nyqvist was great, Noomi Rapace was a revelation; Niels Oplev proves himself to be a solid, talented director. An excellent movie, but not for the faint of heart or those …
08/10/2010 |Mat C|Ephemera14
The website People of Walmart may be old hat to some. I’m sure many Americans witness scenes like these every week (heck, I assure you some of these fine people would look right at home in the UK’s very own Walmart-owned Asda stores) and I’m fully expecting a call from 2009 to ask for it’s website back, but as an immature Englishman who has only just discovered the site, I’m currently finding People of Walmart …
Revisited: Dead Space
08/04/2010 |Max "xtal" Boone|Reviews, Revisited12
Review by Xtal Dead Space Developer: EA Redwood Shores Publisher: Electronic Arts Released: 14 October 2008 Available for: PC, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 [reviewed] Time Played: Completed twice (approximately 25 hours) Verdict: 3/5 Middlin’ “Dead Space had no need to cater to an expected “mainstream shooter” audience. It had enough unique tricks that could have made it a wholly altered experience. Unfortunately it comes out bland and carbon-copied”
Also: Godzilla.
08/03/2010 |Matt "Steerpike" Sakey|Ephemera11
As in “things Japanese people are pissed about.” Rock, Paper, Shotgun ran this and I just have to pass it along. Those are Japanese people holding signs written in Japanese complaining about Japanese roleplaying games and how they’re linear and stuff. Whole image follows.
The Bobby Kotick Show: Get Harassed, Get Fired
08/03/2010 |Matt "Steerpike" Sakey|Editorials, News5
Oh, Bobby Kotick, you rascal you. Your corporate behavior isn’t enough, is it? No, the descent to the Dark Side must be paved with more than just unabashed greed and squicky business dealings. To be truly evil, you have to fire an employee who’s filed a sexual harassment charge. It’s a good thing the courts are less slime-covered than you.
Immortal Defense Now Name Your Price
08/03/2010 |Matt "Steerpike" Sakey|News28
Nihilistic and existential indie Immortal Defense has gone to a pay-whatever-you-want pricing model, provided whatever you want is more than $1.75. This odd, eerie, and emotional game got a lot of positive press when it appeared in 2007, and some gamers have been satisfied with the huge demo rather than investing in the full game. Now there’s no excuse! Contribute to the cause here. Email the author of this post at steerpike@tap-repeatedly.com.
Discuss: Rage Against the Rage Quitters
08/02/2010 |Mat C|Editorials14
By now, you’re probably aware of Bungie’s much publicised decision to lay down the law on “Rage Quitters” for its upcoming FPS behemoth, Halo Reach. Speaking to Xbox 360 Achievements, Bungie community rep Brian Jarrard outlined plans to detect and punish those who quit out of games early. Reportedly, these “soft bans” could prevent repeated offenders from joining matchmaking servers for up to 30 minutes and could be smart enough to differentiate between Rage Quitters …
What is the sum of: 4 + 7
Review: Shadowgate (2014)
09/03/2014 |By: Amanda "AJ" Lange|Posted in: Reviews1 Comment
While I’ve Been Away
12/12/2009 |By: Helmut|Posted in: Quest for 7:00 on the Nordschleife13 Comments
Shavings from Other People’s Nightmares
05/11/2010 |By: Matt "Steerpike" Sakey|Posted in: Editorials14 Comments
I’d… *snif* Like to Thank… the Academy
03/26/2009 |By: Matt "Steerpike" Sakey|Posted in: News8 Comments
Kermdinger Chronicles #2: Mystic Crystal Revelations
02/14/2012 |By: Dix|Posted in: Kermdinger Chronicles2 Comments
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Gov. McAuliffe Announces Major Improvements To The I-95 Corridor In Fredericksburg and Northern Virginia Regions
WASHINGTON, D.C. – Gov. Terry McAuliffe today announced major projects to improve transportation on one of the most heavily traveled corridors in the country – I-95 and I-395 in Northern Virginia. Improvements are planned for both ends of the 95 Express Lanes to ease the traffic bottleneck in Stafford County in the southern end and to extend the express lanes to the D.C. line in the northern end.
“These are significant transportation improvements that will move more people and commerce through an interstate corridor, and a critical jobs corridor,” said Gov. McAuliffe. “In working with our private sector partner Transurban and local governments, we will fix the bottleneck on the southern end in Stafford County, and travelers will have the choice of taking an express trip from south of Garrisonville Road all the way up to the D.C. line. This represents a true multi-modal solution offering commuters a reliable trip so they can reach their destination faster in one the most congested regions of the country.”
Transportation Secretary Aubrey Layne added, “The projects are the result of the commonwealth’s engagement with our private-sector partner, the public and local officials to come up with the right transportation solutions that address the greatest needs and can be reasonably executed. There is no one magic fix that resolves all problems. It takes a combination of additional capacity, express lanes and multi-modal improvements to move more people efficiently and safely.”
I-95 Express Lanes Southern Terminus
The project will extend 95 Express Lanes by approximately two miles past the point where the current flyover carries southbound traffic to Exit 143/Garrisonville Road in Stafford County. A reversible single lane would be built, eventually splitting into northbound and southbound merge ramps.
Southbound traffic in 95 Express Lanes will be able to continue driving past Exit 143 at Garrisonville Road. Southbound traffic will merge back into the mainline I-95 southbound lanes approximately 1,500 feet beyond the Garrisonville Road on-ramp to I-95 southbound. Traffic will merge into the left lane of I-95. This spacing will balance local and express lanes traffic entering I-95 southbound.
Northbound traffic can enter the 95 Express Lanes sooner. The new northbound entrance will be located approximately 1,000 feet before the I-95 northbound off-ramp at Exit 143 to Route 1 at Aquia. Northbound traffic will merge into express lanes from the left lane.
Construction is estimated to begin in 2016 and take two years to complete. Work will primarily take place within the median and within the existing right-of-way. No personal or business property should be affected.
I-395 Express Lanes Extension
The project will extend the 395 Express Lanes for eight miles north to the D.C. line. The project will convert and expand the existing HOV lanes on I-395 from Turkeycock Run north to the district to dynamically tolled express lanes.
An additional express lane will be built, providing three express lanes in the corridor.
There will be dedicated funding for new and enhanced transit services and carpooling incentives.
The work will be done by Transurban under the existing contract it has with the Virginia Department of Transportation.
Construction is expected to begin in 2017, with the extended lanes opening to traffic in 2019.
Vehicles with three or more people will continue to use the express lanes for free. Solo drivers will have the choice to take general purpose lanes for free or use the express lanes for a variable toll.
10 Magical Places Where There Are No Cars
Can you imagine a world without cars? Sure, they're useful. But they also cause pollution, noise and alter the structure of cities.
If you're sick of dealing with traffic and parking and spending money on gas, head to one of these 10 spots around the world that are off limits to cars. Grab a bike, lace up your walking shoes and enjoy!
1. Mackinac Island, Michigan
This island in Lake Huron banned all motorized vehicles back in 1898. Today it's a popular summer resort that attracts families, nature lovers and history fans. With only bicycles and horse-drawn carriages for transportation, the island has a decidedly vintage Americana feel.
2. Sark, United Kingdom
Off the coast of Normandy, France, Sark is part of the English Channel Islands. The island may be small, but it has no shortage of gorgeous landscapes and is perfect for hiking and biking. The only vehicles allowed on the island are tractors. Transport options include horse and carriage, cycling and walking.
Read the rest of the list at Huffington Post.
Two Programs Receive National Safety Awards
RICHMOND, Va. – The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) received two 2015 National Roadway Safety Awards recognizing highway safety improvement projects from the Roadway Safety Foundation and the Federal Highway Administration during a ceremony held this week on Capitol Hill.
“We’re honored to receive these national awards recognizing projects that have improved the safety of Virginia’s roadways,” said VDOT Commissioner Charles Kilpatrick. “We continue to seek innovative and efficient ways to increase safety and improve traffic flow.”
Virginia-Specific Safety Performance Functions
VDOT’s Virginia-Specific Safety Performance Functions received an award in the Program Planning, Development and Evaluation Category. This program serves as a way to identify and prioritize locations that need safety improvements, allowing the agency to target available funds to projects that will have the greatest impact on highway safety. Each safety performance function compares crash frequency and site characteristics, such as traffic volume, to the typical performance of a similar roadway.
Road Diets in Reston
Roads Diets in VDOT’s Northern Virginia District received an award in the Infrastructure and Operational Improvements Category. In coord ination with scheduled repaving projects, VDOT engineers proposed adding road diets, the first in Northern Virginia, to two modestly traveled streets, Lawyers Road and Soapstone Drive (right) in Reston.
A road diet involves removing travel lanes to use the pavement in a different way. In this case, the two streets were converted from four-lane undivided roads to one lane in each direction with left-turn lanes and bike lanes, making them more accessible to bikers and pedestrians.
In its first five years, crashes on Lawyers Road dropped 69 percent while crashes on Soapstone Drive were reduced by 67 percent after three years.
The National Roadway Safety Award recipients were evaluated on effectiveness, innovation and efficient use of resources.
VDOT To Lift Lane Closures For Thanksgiving Travel
Travel-trend map will help motorists plan ahead; go to 511virginia.org for the latest traffic and road conditions
RICHMOND, Va. – With a record number of travelers expected on the state’s roads during the Thanksgiving holiday, the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) has several tools to help motorists plan their trips.
VDOT is suspending highway work zones during the five-day peak Thanksgiving travel period to reduce congestion on interstates and major highways. Lane closures will be lifted on most major roads in Virginia from noon Wednesday, Nov. 25, until noon Monday, Nov. 30.
Thanksgiving is one of the busiest times for travel each year, and VDOT urges motorists to plan ahead, drive safely and take a break when needed to ensure they reach their destination safely.
You can find real-time information about traffic, incidents and congestion on Virginia roads at 511Virginia.org.Download the free mobile VDOT 511 app, or call 511. To report a road problem or get answers to your transportation questions, call VDOT’s Customer Service Center at800-FOR-ROAD (800-367-7623) around the clock.
Travel-Trend Map Shows Historic Peak Holiday Congestion
VDOT’s online map of past travel trends shows peak congestion periods on Virginia interstates during the three previous Thanksgiving holidays (2012-2014). While the map cannot predict exact amounts of congestion for this year, you can use it as a guide to better time your travel.
Based on traffic data, the heaviest congestion during the most recent Thanksgiving holiday weeks occurred after 11 a.m. on Wednesday and from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. on Sunday.
NORTHERN VIRGINIA HIGH OCCUPANCY VEHICLE (HOV) SCHEDULE
HOV restrictions will be lifted on Interstate 66 and Interstate 395 on Thursday, Nov. 26. Normal HOV restrictions will be in place on Wednesday, Nov. 25, and Friday, Nov. 27.
Direction schedule for Interstate 95 Express Lanes/I-395 reversible lanes:
Thursday, Nov. 26 – Lanes remain northbound all day.
Friday, Nov. 27 – Lanes close to northbound traffic at 11 a.m. and will reopen to southbound traffic by 1 p.m.
More information on Northern Virginia HOV schedules can be found at http://www.virginiadot.org/travel/hov-novasched.asp. For information on the 95 and 495 Express Lanes, visit http://www.expresslanes.com. Drivers are reminded that they need an E-ZPass Flex (for HOV-3 to ride toll-free) or an E-ZPass to use the express lanes at all times.
HAMPTON ROADS HOV SCHEDULE, TUNNELS
I-64/I-264/I-564 HOV diamond lanes – HOV restrictions will be lifted on all HOV diamond lanes on Thursday, Nov. 26.
I-64 reversible lanes − Lanes will operate on the regular schedule with no HOV restrictions on Thursday, Nov. 26.
I-64 Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel (HRBT) – Motorists traveling to Virginia Beach are encouraged to use the Interstate 664 Monitor-Merrimac Memorial Bridge-Tunnel (MMMBT) as an alternative to the HRBT. To Virginia Beach, take I-664 south to the MMMBT. Then take the Portsmouth/Norfolk exit (exit 15A) to I-264 east to Virginia Beach.
Travel to Outer Banks – Motorists going to the North Carolina Outer Banks should use I-664 and the MMMBT to save time. From I-664 south, take I-64 west to exit 292, Chesapeake Expressway/Interstate 464/Route 17. Keep left tocontinue to the Chesapeake Expressway (Route 168), and take Nags Head/Great Bridge (exit 291B) to the Outer Banks.
Highway Advisory Radio (HAR) – Tune to 1680 AM to stay informed on Hampton Roads traffic, travel conditions and construction information.
WORK ZONES AND OTHER TRAFFIC ALERTS
While VDOT will lift most lane closures during the Thanksgiving holiday period, motorists may encounter permanent work zones or travel delays in the following locations:
Accomack County
Route 609 – Road closed for widening project. Use detour.
Albemarle County/ Charlottesville
U.S. 29 – All lanes will be open through the Route 29 Solutions construction projects. Watch for reduced speed limits and narrowed lane widths in work zones.
U.S. 501 – Replacing bridge at Route 130 intersection over James River. Traffic controls and flaggers in use.
Augusta County
U.S. 250 – Replacing bridge at Calfpasture River on Hankey Mountain Highway. Traffic restricted to one lane with temporary signals.
U.S. 11 – Improving two sections near Interstate 81, exits 5 and 7. Watch for delays.
Charles City County
Route 5 – Replacing bridge over Herring Creek. Temporary signal directing traffic.
Culpeper County
Route 3 – Traffic is expected to be switched to the newly paved lanes between Lignum and Route 669 (Carrico Mills Road). Speed limit reduced to 45 mph in work zone.
Dinwiddie County
Route 226 – Replacing bridge 0.3 miles east of Route 460. Temporary signal directing traffic.
U.S. 17 − Improving drainage, from just south of Airport Road near June Parker Marina to just north of Marsh Street. Traffic reduced to one lane both directions.
Interstate 81 – Reconstructing interchange at exit 310. Speed limit through work zone reduced to 60 miles an hour.
Giles County
U.S. 460 – Westbound lane closures in place beginning west of Route 42 (mile marker 22) and ending at Route 730 (mile marker 26.5).
Greensville County
U.S. 301 – Replacing southbound bridge over rail tracks north of Emporia. Traffic detoured to I-95.
I-664 at I-64- Right lane closed from Interstate 664 northbound entrance ramp to westbound I-64.
Route 231 – Replacing bridge over Mulatto Run. Traffic restricted to one lane controlled by temporary signals.
Interstate 264 – Right lanes closed both directions between Portsmouth Boulevard and Effingham Street. Two lanes open to traffic.
U.S. 360 – Replacing bridge deck. Traffic limited to two lanes on Mechanicsville Turnpike over Interstate 64, with one travel lane each direction. Ramp from eastbound U.S. 360 to I-64 westbound remains closed. Follow posted detour.
Interstate 581 – Northbound right lane closed from 10th Street to Liberty Road approaching the Valley View Mall. Shoulders closed, barricade walls in place. All lanes on Valley View Boulevard will be open.
Rockbridge County
Interstate 64 – Rehabilitating Maury River bridge. Eastbound traffic will detour across median to westbound lanes between mile markers 53.3 and 55.3. Traffic both directions will use westbound bridge during work on eastbound bridge.
Wythe County
Interstate 77/Interstate 81 overlap – High traffic volumes could slow or stop vehicles through this eight-mile stretch. Be alert for delays on northbound I-77 at the I-81 merge.
VDOT, Virginia Tech Partner to Accelerate Pavement Testing
BLACKSBURG, Va. – The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) today flipped the switch to start a new program that will cut years off the time needed to test the response of innovative pavements to the daily impacts of heavy traffic.
VDOT’s “accelerated pavement testing” program, which launched today at the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI), employs a “heavy vehicle simulator” as its technological centerpiece.
“We located this program at VTTI because VDOT has a long and productive relationship of collaborating with Virginia Tech on transportation projects, especially through our respective research programs,” said VDOT Commissioner Charlie Kilpatrick. “The accelerated pavement testing program will provide VDOT and Virginia Tech with training and education benefits as we study more strategic and cost-effective options to save money on longer-wearing pavements. We also are gratified to have Virginia Tech as our partner in this new venture.”
“VDOT and VTTI have a successful and extensive record of partnering to bring about substantial improvements in the transportation system, said Dr. Tom Dingus, director of VTTI. “Collectively, we have created the resources necessary to test and develop myriad applications, from next-generation vehicular technology to infrastructure improvements. By launching the use of a state-of-the-art accelerated pavement testing program today, we will expand on this work by helping to maintain and sustain the literal foundation of driving.”
The heavy vehicle simulator will run a wheel assembly – which applies a heavily weighted load to a test pavement – back and forth, day and night, for several months over a 10-foot-wide by 100-foot-long pavement section to simulate the wear and tear induced by repeated passes of heavy trucks on a highway.
Other states with similar accelerated pavement testing programs have realized significant savings in their road maintenance andrehabilitation projects. The savings come primarily from being able to more quickly implement the recommended changes in pavement designs and paving schedules.
The accelerated pavement testing program will enable VDOT to determine how different pavement designs and new materialsrespond to load testing before putting them on the road.
Pavements with increased content of recycled paving materials;
Different additives or binders to increase a pavement’s service life; and
Improved configurations of pavement layers under the driving surface for better performance.
The program also will allow VDOT’s and Virginia Tech’s pavement experts to develop better methods of placing instrumentation in new and rehabilitated pavements to monitor their response to heavy vehicle traffic.
Most importantly, the new program will help increase safety for road workers and the traveling public. Using the simulator to test new pavements will reduce the need to close travel lanes to drill pavement cores or conduct other testing, reducing the risk of injuries to VDOT workers as well as motorists.
VDOT’s Budget, Equipment In Place For Winter
RICHMOND –The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) is geared up for snowy weather with staffing, equipment and materials ready to go for the 2015-2016 winter season.
“VDOT prepares year-round for snow so that we can keep Virginia’s complex network for roads and bridges clear for travel when bad weather strikes,” said VDOT Commissioner Charlie Kilpatrick. “Our crews are trained and experienced to handle the worst of storms and we have the resources and technology to get the job done safely.”
Snow removal resources:
$202.4 million budget for winter weather
2,500 VDOT crewmembers in addition to contractors available for snow removal statewide
13,173 pieces of snow-removal equipment, including trucks, loaders and motor graders
657,162 tons of salt, sand and treated abrasives and 1.7 million gallons of liquid calcium chloride and salt brine
What’s new and other innovations:
Wing plows - Four trucks in the Staunton District will test a wing plow for snow removal. Each truck will be fitted with a front and side blade. Together the plows will cut a 21-foot path of snow with each pass, essentially doing the job of two traditional plows.
Online snowplow tracker in Northern Virginia- If snow reaches two inches or more, VDOT activates an online neighborhood tracking map that monitors the status of plowing in the Northern Virginia district.
Recycling runoff into brine -When VDOT loads salt onto snow-removal trucks on a paved area – called a “mixing pad” – at its salt-storage facilities, the runoff is directed either to impermeable ponds or underground tanks, since the mixing pad is normally wet during the loading process due to water or snow.
To manage this runoff, VDOT is reusing some of this water from the ponds or tanks to produce brine, a solution of salt and water, to turn an environmental challenge – disposing of that runoff – into a supply opportunity.
VDOT has begun to rely more on applying brine to roads in areas where feasible before winter storms. Brine can prevent frozen precipitation from bonding to the pavement, and it reduces the overall amount of salt used. Brine is also more environmentally friendly than salt.
Most salt facilities in VDOT’s Richmond District now recycle this runoff into brine. The district used more than 193,000 gallons of brine last winter, most of which came from runoff processed from its holding ponds.
Go to VDOT winter weather for more information. Watch VDOT prepares for snow. Call 511 or go to511virginia.org for the latest road conditions and traffic information.
VDOT, Partners Train For Mountain Tunnel Emergencies
BRISTOL— The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) and Transportation Operation and Management, LLC, VDOT’s partner in emergency response for the I-77 mountain tunnels, recently hosted a training exercise involving real-world possibilities and how best to respond.
From a scenario involving an accident with four-hour delays on a major holiday weekend to a truck losing its loadinside the tunnel on a snow day, each scenario was reviewed and discussed among local fire, police, Virginia Department of Emergency Management, Virginia State Police and VDOT.
“Every scenario presented different challenges, agency responses and communication needs,” Tim Martin, VDOT Regional Traffic Operations Manager, said. “By staging these scenarios we see where the gaps may lie and what needs to be done to prepare should the scenarios actually occur.”
VDOT staff and TOM held two scenarios this fall, one specific to East River Mountain Tunnel and one for Big Walker Mountain Tunnel.
“It was beneficial to hold separate exercises because the tunnels are distinct,” Martin said. “With East River Mountain Tunnel being shared between the two states, it presents communications challenges that may not be the same for Big Walker Mountain Tunnel.”
Earlier mock exercises have led to beneficial changes, such as the addition of the fire trucks and trained fire staff at each tunnel as well as the addition of a radio system at each tunnel to communicate with first responders.
“We will always need the help of local fire and EMS when an incident arises, but past mock exercises helped VDOT see how crucial adding the fire trucks and radio system would be to providing a quicker response and better protection.”
Interstate 77 Big Walker Mountain Tunnel opened to traffic in 1972 and East River Mountain Tunnel in 1974. On average, approximately 30,000 vehicles per day pass through the tunnels.
Deer Alert! It’s Deer-Mating Season, So VDOT Urges Drivers To Watch For Wildlife In The Road
RICHMOND, Va. – Virginia drivers have a 1-in-97 chance of hitting a deer, according to recent insurance industry claims data for July 2014 through June 2015, ranking the state 10th in the nation for deer-vehicle collisions.
Motorists could see those odds increase as deer-mating season gears up now through December. The three-month mating season can lure many unsuspecting deer onto state roadways, mostly between dusk and dawn, and they are oblivious to the danger of high-speed vehicles.
“Collisions with animals typically cause a good deal of damage to vehicles, and can also cause injury to drivers and their passengers,” said Virginia Department of Transportation Commissioner Charlie Kilpatrick, “It’s very important for motorists to stay alert to their surroundings this time of year, especially when traveling at dusk or dawn.”
VDOT research aims to reduce deer-vehicle collisions
While VDOT always asks drivers to watch for wildlife on the road year-round and especially in the fall, the agency is working to help reduce the frequency of animal-vehicle collisions. VDOT has studied various cost-effective measures to protect both drivers and animals along major wildlife corridors that crisscross Virginia’s roads and highways.
New VDOT research, which analyzed three years of wildlife activity near Interstate 64 on Afton Mountain, recommends posting messages on electronic signs along I-64 in this area to alert drivers to increased deer activity in the fall. VDOT began posting these alerts on Monday, Oct. 26, on permanent signs in this section of I-64 between dusk and dawn through November, when deer are most active near the highway.
The report evaluating strategies to reduce deer-vehicle collisions – by the Virginia Transportation Research Council, VDOT’s research division – is available at http://vtrc.virginiadot.org/PubDetails.aspx?PubNo=16-R4.
How to avoid a deer-vehicle collision
Deer generally travel in groups. If you see one deer near or on the road, watch out for others nearby.
More driver tips:
Drive the speed limit or reduce your speed when you see deer-warning signs
Watch for deer between dusk and dawn, especially from October through December
Use bright headlights when appropriate
Watch for animal eyes illuminated by headlights
Maintain control of your vehicle when you see a deer, to avoid veering into oncoming traffic or off the road
Always wear your seatbelt
If you hit a deer, you should contact law enforcement in the jurisdiction where the accident occurred. If the animal is dead, you can keep the carcass after you have reported the accident, and an officer has seen the animal and provided a certificate of possession.
Public Input Sought On Prioritizing Transportation Projects
RICHMOND – The Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB) will hold nine public meetings across the commonwealth in November on prioritizing transportation projects.
The public is invited to get the latest information, ask questions and provide input on transportation projects. This year’s meetings will consist of an open house format where attendees can review and provide feedback on the list of proposed local and regional projects that localities submitted to be scored under a new prioritization process as legislated by House Bill 2.
Following the open house, a town hall style format will be provided where the public and transportation stakeholders can engage in discussion and ask questions about the projects. There will be no formal public comment during the meetings.
Signed into law by Gov. Terry McAuliffe, House Bill 2 is a consistent and data-driven “prioritization” process to score projects according to critical transportation needs.
The meetings will highlight the 321 applications for projects submitted by 131 local and regional governments across the state. The applications request $6.95 billion in funding under House Bill 2.
Following public meetings, the projects will be scored through the end of December. Once projects are scored and reviewed by the public, the CTB will then select which projects to fund and be included in the next Six-Year Improvement Program by June of 2016.
3005 Linden Drive
The Kirkley Hotel
2900 Candlers Mountain Road
Hampton Roads Transportation Planning Organization Boardroom
723 Woodlake Drive
Center for Workforce & Community Education
VDOT Northern Virginia District Office
3315 Ordway Drive NW
Augusta County Government Center, South Boardroom
18 Government Center Lane
Verona, VA 24482
Daniel Technology Center
18121 Technology Drive
Eastern Henrico Recreation Center, Strawberry Hill Ballroom
1440 North Laburnum Avenue
If you are unable to attend a meeting, you may view the displays and provide your comments online.
You can also mail comments on rail, public transportation and transportation demand management toPublic Information Officer, DRPT, 600 E. Main St., Suite 2102, Richmond, Virginia 23219, orDRPTPR@drpt.Virginia.gov and on highway projects to Infrastructure Investment Director, VDOT, 1401 E. Broad St., Richmond, Virginia 23219, or Six-YearProgram@VDOT.Virginia.gov.
Comments will be accepted until Dec.11, 2015.
I-66 Outside The Beltway Design Concept Approved By Commonwealth Transportation Board Private Sector Teams Identified for I-6
VIRGINIA BEACH, Va. - The Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB) approved today the recommended design concept, known as the “Preferred Alternative,” for the I-66 Outside the Beltway Project, as well as a phased implementation approach. The preferred alternative is a combination of various alternatives that were evaluated over the past year to improve 25 miles of I-66 from I-495 in Fairfax County to Route 15 in Haymarket. These multimodal improvements, which reflect extensive public input received at nearly 200 public meetings held since January 2014, are expected to move more people throughout the I-66 corridor, reduce hours of congestion per day, and reduce cut-through traffic on local roads.
The preferred alternative consists of two express lanes alongside three regular lanes in each direction, with space in the median for future transit; dedicated express lanes access points; safety and operational improvements at key interchanges throughout the corridor; new transit services such as new and expanded park and ride lots and bus service; and corridor-wide bikeway, trail, and sidewalk improvements. Due to the cost and complexity of the proposed improvements, the CTB has approved a phased implementation approach. Phase 1 extends the express lanes for 22 of the original 25 miles, from 495 to Gainesville, (University Boulevard), and then transitions to a traditional HOV lane in each direction. Phase 1 also proposes retaining existing ramps and bridges, and converting them to express lanes access points, at Monument Drive and Stringfellow Road, rather than rebuilding these interchanges. Future phases, which include extending the express lanes to Route 15 in Haymarket and rebuilding the Monument Drive and Stringfellow Road interchanges, would be implemented in the future as funding becomes available and demand warrants.
The design concepts have been evaluated in a draft Environmental Assessment, which was presented at public hearings in May and June 2015. The concepts reflect design changes that are largely based on public input, including:
Reductions in potential residential relocations from 35 to 11
Elimination of major impacts to Stenwood Elementary School
Reconfiguration of the I-495 Interchange to reduce property impacts
Refinements of design for Route 28 Interchange and I-66 to reduce impacts to parks
The final environmental document is expected to be completed, along with a decision on the procurement approach, by the end of this year. VDOT, as well as its private partner or contractors, will continue to evaluate specific design alternatives, and anticipate doing so under an upcoming Alternative Technical Concepts (ATC) process. This would include roadway elements, as well as proposed park and ride lots that are part of the project.
The public again will have an opportunity to provide formal comments and input into the project’s design at a Design Public Hearing in early 2017. Throughout the project’s development, outreach with the public, technical experts from affected localities, transit partners, and other key stakeholder groups, will continue to be robust. Construction of the project is slated to begin in 2017, with the improvements open to traffic in 2021.
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What is this Privacy Policy for?
This privacy policy is for this website www.tracheostomy.org.uk and served by National Traceostomy Safety Project and governs the privacy of its users who choose to use it.
The policy sets out the different areas where user privacy is concerned and outlines the obligations & requirements of the users, the website and website owners. Furthermore the way this website processes, stores and protects user data and information will also be detailed within this policy.
This website and its owners take a proactive approach to user privacy and ensure the necessary steps are taken to protect the privacy of its users throughout their visiting experience. This website complies to all UK national laws and requirements for user privacy.
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VPD | 8.19.2013
Velocity Pharmaceutical Development and Remeditex Ventures
Announce Collaboration Agreement and Initial Co-Investment
South San Francisco, California and Dallas, Texas - August 19, 2013
Velocity Pharmaceutical Development, LLC ("VPD") and Remeditex Ventures, LLC ("Remeditex") announced today the signing of a collaboration agreement. Under this agreement, VPD and Remeditex will jointly evaluate pharmaceutical development opportunities for management by the VPD development team and potential funding from Velocity Pharmaceutical Holdings, LLC and Remeditex.
In conjunction with this collaboration, both VPD and Remeditex have announced an investment by Remeditex in a VPD-managed pharmaceutical development company, Tigercat Pharma, Inc.
"VPD has assembled a world-class group of scientists and drug developers" said Dennis Stone, Chief Scientific Officer of Remeditex. "Everyone at Remeditex is thrilled to be working with the VPD team.
We look forward to identifying and developing a series of promising pharmaceutical candidates in partnership with VPD."
"It is a great honor for us to join in this partnership with Remeditex" said David Collier, CEO of VPD.
"The Remeditex team, network and experience perfectly complement the skill set we have at VPD.
Having Remeditex as a potential funding partner greatly expands the scope of opportunities we can address at VPD."
VPD is a pharmaceutical development organization dedicated to rapidly advancing promising drug candidates to clinical proof of concept using a highly virtual management model. VPD seeks to acquire promising drug candidates, generally within a year of their entering human clinical trials or after initial human clinical data have been generated. VPD then manages a highly virtual development program for each drug candidate intended to generate convincing human proof of concept data (generally by conducting a phase 2 clinical trial). Following successful human proof of concept, VPD then seeks a large pharmaceutical company acquirer for each program. VPD is staffed by a seasoned team of clinical drug developers with expertise identifying attractive drug candidates, target markets, and designing and managing outsourced clinical trials. This expert team manages multiple single asset companies to remove the costly overhead and misaligned incentives present in traditional biotechnology company structures. VPD operates on a rapid decision principle, which identifies drug candidates with the greatest promise and repurposes capital from those that don't work out early in the process. VPD believes this new capital-efficient model will yield attractive new drugs to treat patients with significant unmet clinical needs. The company is located in South San Francisco, California. More information is available at www.vpd.net.
ABOUT VELOCITY PHARMACEUTICAL HOLDINGS, LLC
Velocity Pharmaceutical Holdings, LLC, is an entity funded by CMEA Capital that makes investments in highly virtual, project-focused pharmaceutical development companies that are managed by Velocity Pharmaceutical Development, LLC. More information is available at www.vpd.net and www.cmea.com.
ABOUT REMEDITEX VENTURES, LLC
Remeditex is a company that seeks to develop opportunities in need of commercial validation, guidance, and capital. Its mission is to develop early stage biomedical science and make Texas and Colorado a preferred location for biotechnology companies, venture capitalists, and entrepreneurs by accelerating the pace of commercialization of biomedical research; help create and support a thriving biotechnology industry; attract biotech venture capital to Texas and Colorado; and achieve significant returns to support the next generation of promising science. More information is available at www.remeditex.com.
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Harry and Meghan step back: What we know so far
NEWS » World » World. Main
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The Duke and Duchess of Sussex say they are to step back as "senior" royals and divide their time between the UK and North America.The couple, who have a baby son, Archie, said they plan to carve out a "progressive new role" in the Royal Family and intend to "work to become financially independent".
What's behind the decision
Asked whether she was coping, Meghan, a new mother, said: "I have said for a long time to H - that is what I call him - it's not enough to just survive something, that's not the point of life. You have got to thrive."Prince Harry also described his mental health and the way he deals with the pressures of his life as a matter of "constant management".Following their decision to step back as senior royals, BBC royal correspondent Jonny Dymond said there were "great chunks" of the job that the couple "simply could not stand", while Harry "hated the cameras and was visibly bored by the ceremonial".Towards the end of last year, Prince Harry said he and Meghan were to take legal action against the Mail on Sunday over a claim it unlawfully published one of her private letters. The paper stands by its story.At the time, an unrestrained Harry said: "I lost my mother and now I watch my wife falling victim to the same powerful forces."Referring to his mother, Diana, Princess of Wales' sudden death in 1997, he said: "I've seen what happens when someone I love is commoditised to the point that they are no longer treated or seen as a real person."
Harry and Meghan to step back as senior royals
What has the rest of the Royal Family said?
https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/720x405/p07zvvz9.jpg">
Royal correspondent Jonny Dymond: "It is very clear the palace is very upset about what has happened"
The BBC understands no other royal, including neither the Queen nor the Prince of Wales, was consulted before the unexpected statement was released on Wednesday evening.A palace spokeswoman told the BBC the Royal Family was "disappointed".She said discussions with the couple were at an early stage."We understand their desire to take a different approach, but these are complicated issues that will take time to work through," she added.BBC royal correspondent Jonny Dymond said the lack of consultation was likely to sting."This is clearly a major rift between Harry and Meghan on one part, and the rest of the Royal Family on the other," he said.
In full: Sussexes' statement and palace response
What's been the wider reactionWithin three hours of the statement being posted on the Sussexes' Instagram account, it had been liked more than 900,000 times. "Good for you," said many in response, but others were less encouraging. "Another Wallis Simpson. Shows Americans don't have the fortitude to be royal," said one.TV broadcaster Piers Morgan blamed Meghan for the couple's split from the Royal Family and the falling-out between Harry and his older brother, Prince William.
@piersmorgan
https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/socialembed/https://twitter.com/piersmorgan/status/1214981675865792514~/news/uk-51041950" width="465" height="712">
Writer and journalist Caitlin Moran said on Twitter that the couple could "earn their dollar and be free of the miserably undefined job of being royal - what other sane decision could you make, after the last yearUS author and culture critic Mikki Kendall tweeted: "Harry has been very clear that he didn't want the throne, the titles, none of it. That was true long before Meghan was on the scene. "It's just that now he's far enough out of the line of succession to leave," she wrote of Harry, who is sixth in line to the throne after Prince Charles, Prince William and William's three children.And Janet Mock, another US writer, welcomed Meghan's promised return.
@janetmock
https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/socialembed/https://twitter.com/janetmock/status/1214988410420510720~/news/uk-51041950" width="465" height="324">
What will happen next
Meghan's mother, Doria Ragland, lives in California
The couple say they will split their time between the UK and North America and launch a new "charitable entity". Exactly where and exactly what are both unclear.Over Christmas, Harry and Meghan took an extended break from royal duties, including time spent in the Canadian province of British Columbia.And their first royal engagement of the year was to visit Canada's High Commission in central London to thank Canadians in person for the warm welcome they received.While acting in the US drama Suits, Toronto became an adopted city for Meghan. It is home to her friends, Jessica and Ben Mulroney, the city's "most polished power couple", according to Toronto Life magazine.It's likely the family would spend time in Meghan's homeland too - her mother, Doria Ragland, lives in California.Her father, Thomas Markle, with whom Meghan has little contact, lives in Mexico.In terms of their work, the duke's focus in recent years has been on conservation in Africa and organising the Invictus Games for injured members of the armed forces. Meghan's growing portfolio has included the National Theatre and charity Smart Works.
UK Royal Family
Meghan, Duchess of Sussex
» In full: The Sussexes' statement and the Buckingham Palace response
» In Pictures: Harry and Meghan's life together
» Baby Archie and Prince Harry cuddle in new photo
» Duke and Duchess of Sussex to begin Africa tour with baby Archie
» Harry and Meghan split from William and Kate joint charity
» Royal baby: Looking back at Meghan's pregnancy
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Home / Music / Artist Interviews / INTERVIEW: Love Stallion
INTERVIEW: Love Stallion
RJ Frometa July 22, 2018 Artist Interviews Leave a comment
How would you classify your music?
Love Stallion is a melodic glam rock band, inspired by the “big rock” sound of the 1970s and ’80s, rock stars like David Lee Roth and Freddie Mercury, and arena rock bands like Van Halen, Kiss, and Def Leppard.
Who are some of your top 5 musical influences?
Kiss, Def Leppard, Van Halen, Queen, The Beach Boys.
What do you want fans to take from your music?
We want to overwhelm you with a full assault of the senses! Our show is a big fun, party, full of lights, props, and stage antics, but at the same time, we want to write real and soulful music that people connect to on a deeper level, albeit served up with some tongue-in-cheek on the side.
How’s the music scene in your locale?
Colorado is very eclectic scene, with plenty of bluegrass, indie/folk/country, and EDM. There is still a good amount of indie rock, but not much in the throwback glam genre like us. BUT there are so many talented people moving here from all over the US, and not it’s not just for weed! Not only is the weather & culture truly amazing, there is such an appreciation for live music, and with that, so many festivals & outdoor events with live music all year round.
What is the best concert you have been to? What do you like most about playing live?
This is a toss up! I saw Prince play back-to-back shows at the Ogden Theater here in Denver in 2013, and then Kiss & Def Leppard front row at Pepsi Center Denver in 2014. I can’t decide which blew my mind most! All 3 artists have influenced our writing, but these two shows most influenced our live show.
Is there a song on your latest CD release here that stands out as your personal favorite, and why?
Valentine is my personal favorite, and is based on a Valentine’s Day date I had years ago. We spent 3 times as long on this song in the studio to perfect the vocals & guitars and the feel, creating just the right space of intoxicating nostalgia. It reminds me of one of my favorite songs by Def Leppard “Love Bites”, which seems to perfectly capture the tension of love, lust, and knowing there’s another person in the picture.
How have you evolved as an artist over the last year?
After 8 months in the studio, I learned almost more than I wanted to about my singing. The pro studio is so different than home, rehearsal, and on stage, as you become aware of every single one of your idiosyncrasies and weaknesses. So, for me, I had to not only make some changes to my technique I was so comfortable with in live settings, but make sure I didn’t get in my head during takes. Like many musicians, I’m a perfectionist, so while it was very uncomfortable & discouraging at first, my coaches Dr Scott Martin, Kate Emerich, Ona Reed and producer Steve Avedis all helped me through it. The process not only made me a better singer, but more present in my performances & recording since. Love those humans!
If you could meet, play a gig, co-write a song, have dinner, have a drink with any band or artist (dead or alive) who would it be?
This is a hard one! I would play a gig with KISS, spend a day with Freddie Mercury in the studio, and party with Steel Panther. Steel Panther is one of my all-time favorite live acts: they are so fucking hilarious, sharp, talented, fun, and inspiring. I love watching those guys!
Love Stallion’s horizon includes releasing a 2nd single & music video, writing our next album, and opening for some of our heroes like Steel Panther! We also plan to be on the road in 2019, so stay tuned!
Previous Balloon Ride Fantasy Drop EP
Next Madison McWilliams Drops Dazzling Pop Music, ‘Living For The Weekend’
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Digital Signage for Worship Facilities: The Software Layer — Part Three of a Three Part Series
In Web Articlesby tfwm March 5, 2014
Part Three of a Three Part Series
The first two segments in this series provided advice and insight into establishing a single-site digital signage system and then scaling to multiple sites. The third and final segment focuses on building a true digital signage network via the software layer.
To recap, a typical digital signage solution requires three core components: the creation station, the network manager and the media player. The complete solution comprises both hardware and software components that deliver the tools required to launch and operate a digital signage system.
Worship facilities that expand signage systems to multiple sites may want to explore new software options that enhance the three core aspects of creation, management and playout. Such business-oriented tools add prominence to scheduling, reporting, billing and other value-added services that drive digital signage networks.
Multi-site signage networks offer considerable flexibility for content distribution. Having two or more screens at multiple sites raises the likelihood that content will vary across the network. To successfully vary content across multiple screens, the network operator may opt to define specific player groups, and/or define the profile of each specific player. The software layer will allow the network operator to achieve this goal.
The ability to target the playout of content on specific signs at specific times is attractive to digital signage network operators for a number of reasons. The advertising possibilities are a big draw for retailers, broadcasters and other businesses that are seeking new revenue streams. Multi-site worship facilities may also find value here, but the ability to precisely target specific messages to one or more combinations of media players is certainly an attractive proposition.
Systems such as Harris’ InfoCaster system are ideal for building playlists that play out content in order on one or more screens. Advanced software delivers more potential by allowing the operator to define individual player profiles and player groups with specific attributes. These player-definable attributes can range from location (such as zip code) to display mode (portrait or landscape).
The network operator can use these player attributes, or “tags,” to build campaigns that precisely target specific content to one or more players on a scheduled basis. This enables better management of the geographical aspect of the signage network by targeting content relevant to various locations. In addition, the scheduling software can automatically fill open time not occupied by targeted content with content marked as filler. This approach gives scheduling priority to targeted content and simplifies the overall scheduling process.
Advanced scheduling software is also ideal for content rotation. Operators can define the timeframe for when messages appear, ensuring that certain pieces of content play out during specific time slots and/or within a specific date range. These messages can rotate in and out of the schedule alongside many other messages, all defined to play out within specific windows of time.
Worship facilities that publish ads from local businesses in handouts, newsletters and other printed materials can certainly translate these messages into a digital signage network, taking advantage of the content rotation capabilities found in advanced scheduling software. The software is designed to trigger such ads on the appropriate screens at the appropriate times, displaying the text, graphics and/or video associated with the message. Punctuate is one example of a software solution that not only reliably schedules and triggers paid messages, but also reports revenue earned and reconciles that the advertisement was displayed in its scheduled slot. Customer billing and invoicing applications are also prominent.
Digital signage is still very much an evolving platform, and the advanced software aspect is at an even earlier development stage. Future possibilities include richer tagging concepts that apply to different regions of a display screen as well as to specific pieces of content.
At the present time, worship facilities have plenty of options when it comes to establishing a digital signage network. The scalability of every aspect from creation to scheduling, along with the central operating point, means that facilities can determine a comfortable starting point and grow from there, ensuring that every point in the network is served with the most appropriate content for their location.
Jim Oehler is the Product Manager for Harris Corporation
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Linkmistress has posts that she doesn’t want to lose so she is unleashing them on the world
Mar 25, 2010 by unusualmusic in General
The Texas Tribune is tracking the catastrophic “only conservative white people matter in American History textbooks clusterfuck” that will soon be unleashed on the unsuspecting American child population here
In their January meeting, State Board of Education members came armed with more amendments to the state social studies curriculum than they could vote on — a process hardly helped by the acrimony between the board’s socially conservative bloc and more moderate Republicans and liberal Democrats. And so the SBOE kicked the process of revising the standards down the road to this week’s meeting, where social studies rewrites will resume today.
Because of the flood of amendments under consideration, we’ve produced this annotated version of the high school U.S. History standards, which have been the focus of controversy. You can see exactly what the board has added, deleted and rewritten, along with our analysis of the current arguments and historical context behind each change.MORE
A. And here I thought my American History class was a piece of shit.
B. IF I ever do have kids I’ll have to homeschool them.
C. And Texas is actually apparently majority POC. I suppose at some point there will be a grassroots movement to throw this shit out. Hopefully it won’t take too long.
Hipster Racism Because Amanda Palmer showed her ass. AGAIN.
Closeted politicians and bi-invisibility
…Amanda Mennis recently wrote me with an interesting question: Does this story of a secretly gay public figure — and the absurdly long parade of stories like it — contribute in some way to bisexual invisibility?
After all, most of the guys in these scandals (and it has just been guys so far) are married, or have some sort of sexual/ romantic relationship with women. Many of them have children. They’re clearly capable of having sex with women. Doesn’t that make them bisexual, not gay? Or at least, doesn’t it suggest the possibility that some of them are bisexual and not gay?
An interesting question. And one that I’m finding tricky to answer.
Part of the problem is that we don’t have a standard definition of what it means to be gay or lesbian or bisexual. It’s not like there’s a gay person in a vacuum in the Smithsonian, against whom we all measure ourselves to determine our own sexual orientation. Everyone defines these terms — gay, straight, lesbian, bisexual, bi-curious, heteroflexible (that was a new one on me!), questioning, queer, “basically straight but wouldn’t kick Jon Stewart out of bed,” whatever — in subtly different ways. Or not so subtly different ways.
So ultimately, it doesn’t really make sense to talk about whether someone is “really bisexual.” There is no such thing as “really bisexual.” Within reason (and please don’t ask me to define what “within reason” means), we get to decide for ourselves what sexual orientation we are, and what language we use to describe it.
But what does that mean for someone who’s closeted?MORE
Some of the downsides of the Health care bill in terms of women Yes, its more than teh abortion executive order. Which is a Big Fucking. Deal.
He’s a Terrorist. Just say it. Terrorist. For F*%k sake!
You see, the very definition of terrorism has changed, right beneath our feet. A man with strong idealogical beliefs against the government of the United States tries (and succeeds) to kill himself and take as many civilians (federal workers) as he can with him. But they don’t call it terrorism. That sacrosanct term is now reserved only for non-white people with funny sounding names. Preferably Muslim.
Trans Murder Monitoring Project: 333 cases of reported murders of trans people in the last 2 years
Integrating Primary and Mental Healthcare
Currently, primary care providers (PCPs), also called general practitioners, provide over half of mental health treatment in the United States – which results in up to 50% of mental health problems going unindentified, undiagnosed, and untreated through the primary care system. This is a wasted opportunity, as PCPs have significant opportunities to identify behavioral health problems early and provide interventions and treatments to prevent further deterioration.MORE
Videos: Dance party!
The Male “P” Spot: Why het men are so afraid to discover their own bodies’ capacities for pleasure, from a sex organ that ISN’T a penis
Has anyone, anywhere, seen a medical illustration of the prostate gland and men’s other sexual organs depicted with the prostate being touched and the penis erect? Why not? And why do these diagrams only exist to promote “checking for cancer”? Talk about stigmatising an organ!MORE
Gemini Mini Documentary
TransGriot Note: Mini Documentary on Chicago drag queen Saya Naomi Diaz Deleon or Gemini. It includes commentary from Christina Kahrl, who was recently featured on HBO’s Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel.MORE
And finally, Movie rec: Sleep Dealer
About the author unusualmusic
One thought on “Linkmistress has posts that she doesn’t want to lose so she is unleashing them on the world”
macon d says:
Thanks for the great links. I’m especially writing to second the rec of Sleep Dealer — yes, yes.
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The Enhanced Series
Paradox (Book 2)
Inheritance (Short Story)
Portal (Book 1)
Portal Characters
Portal – Chapter 15
“Welcome to the Hinkle close-quarter and urban combat facility,” said Agent Prescott proudly. “This building once held basketball games, but is now is one of the most sophisticated JTF simulators.”
Michael looked at the building. It did not seem overly large for a sports arena but the semicircle roof and the red bricks were very typical of Midwest architecture. This was a true fieldhouse. For a moment, he wished he could have seen the Butler Bulldogs play basketball here. That would never happen since the team had been disbanded a decade ago when the school went bankrupt.
As they walked in the facility, Michael immediately noticed the walls outside were not the same as the inside. While the facade of the structure appeared to be red brick, the door frame and the entire facility interior appeared to have 12 inches of reinforced concrete. The JTF had been very busy retrofitting this building to support Enhance combat. In the area they gathered, a mock 3-story urban building with balconies and exterior fire escapes had been constructed along the fieldhouse walls with an asphalt street, fire hydrants, trees, and even a couple of old cars below them. Michael noticed the training buildings were the same reinforced concrete with black burn marks all over.
“This is our Exterior Urban Training simulator or the EUT. The Flyers and Elementalists usually like this area the most. Michael was still unsure which recruits in his class were Flyers, Tanks, or anything except for Justice and Net. Everyone knew Justice’s powers were Speedster and Tank. He was already classified as a very high category 3 and likely to join the elite category 4 in the next year. Many wondered if he would eventually join Atomic Power at the category 5 level.
The training class was milling around, examining the structures inside. Michael noticed sensors and cameras all over the walls. He bet Net could have a field day with this place.
“We keep your powers secret intentionally,” Prescott continued to the scattered group. “This is the high-stress exercise that all Enhanced must participate in. While all of you exhibit Enhanced powers to qualify for training, we need to know, psychologically, you can handle using your powers while under duress.”
Agent Edwards began to speak at the other end of the EUT. Michael guessed he was standing near the centerline of the old basketball court.
“Over here is the Building Interior Training simulator or the BIT. We can simulate three floors from an office skyscraper to a residential or commercial building. The Tanks, Speedsters, and Mentalists will like this area.”
Michael looked at the large structure that took up the far end of the building. The exterior walls were painted black and appeared to be made out of wood. Indoors, the Enhanced were normally at a disadvantage. Speedsters and Tanks in action usually meant walls and support structures were unintentionally breached and destroyed. Mundanes did not appreciate when their homes collapsed around them. JTF procedures often required a Tank or Speedster to create a new opening to catch the target on the other side off-guard. For the Mentalists, the walls and rooms would provide great cover for their telepathic abilities while they detect others nearby. Both areas would be advantageous for a Teleporter to jump around but Michael knew he was screwed. His small portals were not going to be useful in any type of close-combat role.
As the recruits surveyed the training areas, JTF technicians were busy assisting the recruits put on a black chest harness. As the technician adjusted the many straps and snaps for a snug fit, Michael thought it looked like something the military would use to carry ammunition. When the technician was done, Michael was told to turn around. He felt the technician attach something to the back of the harness.
“Strapped to your back is your life disk for this exercise. If the device is removed from it’s base, you are considered dead and out of the exercise. Your powers are permitted for this exercise but we do have rules. You will remember that everyone and everything in this room is the property of the United States government. Therefore, you will not needlessly destroy the training area or permanently damage each other. You and your powers will stay inside the training area at all times. Anyone who goes outside of the designated area or uses a power that breaches the designated area, will have violated a direct order. Leveling my building will make me very unhappy, recruits, and it will also earn you a one-way ticket to Fort Leavenworth. Do you understand?”
The recruits had heard this question all day. Agents Prescott and Edwards would often ask, ‘do you understand?’ and the correct responses were ‘affirmative’ or ‘negative’. Michael made the mistake of using ‘yes, sir’ during their visit to supply and was subsequently yelled at by the agents for 15 minutes. Michael could see Justice’s face the entire time with a large grin.
“Affirmative,” they spoke together. Brief and concise responses were essential to good combat communication.
“Good,” responded Edwards. “We will give you a little bit of intelligence on your targets. Speak your full name and callsign when called. Recruit Alvarado!”
“Mariposa Alvarado, callsign Turbulence.”
“Recruit Chung!”
“Wei Chung, callsign Solid Copy.”
“Recruit Grayson!”
“Alaina Grayson, callsign,” she paused. It was one of those awkward pauses as Alaina stuttered for a few seconds. For her, it was a lifetime. Agent Prescott broke up the silence by jumping directly in front of her.
“What the hell is the matter Recruit Grayson?” Prescott yelled. “Say your damn callsign!”
“Callsign Lady Justice”
Michael kept his composure and laughed on the inside. Net was not so tactful.
“Seriously?” Net asked looking over at Alaina. She turned and looked back at him.
“Yes, Net. Callsign, Lady Justice. Deal with it,” she replied angrily. Michael caught her glancing at him. He could see her face had turned a bright shade of red. Justice was a different shade of red while staring at Net.
“Shut up, Recruit Shipley!” demanded Prescott as he walked away from Alaina. Edwards continued to read the names.
“Recruit Jurgens!”
“Scott Jurgens, callsign Justice.” Some of the red left his face as he spoke his callsign aloud.
Callsign Douche, Michael thought.
“Recruit Mahmoud!”
“Khaleel Mahmoud, callsign Scimitar.”
“Recruit McCloud!”
“Jason McCloud, callsign Cortex.” Michael looked at the short Enhanced and narrowed his eyes.
“Recruit Shipley!”
“Terrence Shipley, callsign Net.”
“Recruit Tyler!”
“Kimberly Tyler, callsign Trauma.”
“We found our healer,” said Net in a sing-song voice. Michael really liked this guy. Edwards just ignored him and continued.
“And our late recruit, Recruit Larson!”
“Michael Larson, callsign,” Michael paused. He was going to say Portal but that sounded like some lame-ass name for a video game.
“Callsign to be determined.” Edwards did not ignore him. He look directly at Michael.
“Alright smartass, you are callsign Princess until I determine otherwise,” he said. Edwards may have made the joke but he did not show any emotion about it. Michael glanced around the recruit team. For the first time all day, Justice and Net were both laughing at the same time. Even Alaina seemed to find it funny.
The recruits had formed a circle, almost like a loose football huddle, as they spoke their names and callsigns with Agents Prescott and Edwards in the middle. It was Agent Prescott’s turn to speak. He looked around and made sure all the recruits had their eyes on him.
“Now, we could simply appoint a team leader for this training class but we like to make JTF agents earn their rewards and titles. The team leader will get to eat first, eat the longest, assign duties, and be recognized as the person in charge of you worthless maggots.”
“Agent Prescott,” asked Trauma, “you still haven’t told us the mission or targets.”
Prescott gave the recruits a rare smile. “I just did. You are to engage each other and the last one with with their life disk is Team Leader.” Justice cracked his knuckles and flexed his arms. He knew all the powers in this room, but one, were inferior to his. He would be team leader after defeating everyone, including Alaina, and would make life hell for Net and Larson.
“You have two minutes to find a starting position. Go!”
❰❰ Portal – Chapter 14
Portal – Chapter 16 ❱❱
Portal – Table of Contents
Portal – Prelude I
Portal – Prelude II
Portal – Chapter 1
Portal – Chapter 100
PCS Anthology 3 Released March 21, 2017
© 2017 The Pen in the Stone
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America’s show for nocturnals, dreamers, escapists… angry loners, the socially inept & adults with Peter Pan Syndrome
Lauren LoGrasso
Board Operator/Engineer
Tomorrow Show Rank: Ensign
The Tomorrow Show
Lauren LoGrasso is The Tomorrow Show board operator. Originally hailing from the Great State of Michigan, Lauren earned her BFA in Acting and BA in Communication from Michigan State University but began to cultivate her love for radio in college, while working at 89X as an on air Disc Jockey known as “DJ Loseph”. Upon moving to Los Angeles, her love for radio grew to an obsession: specifically Sirius XM’s Cosmo Radio. It was then that she came to realize that audio is the most powerful medium, and that she had a deep desire to share the soul-igniting power of radio with her generation. It’s a sentiment lost on people her age and one Lauren is seeking to re-inspire.
To accomplish her mission, she did everything in Los Angeles from working on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, to producing and writing short films and sketches, to performing her original music in some of Hollywood’s biggest venues, to doing improv comedy with UCB, to acting in Film, TV and Theatre to hosting at AfterBuzz TV. It was at the latter where she met Maria Menounos and Keven Undergaro. Specifically, they met at an AfterBuzz TV You Tube Space career seminar where the duo was giving a guest lecture. There were over a hundred hosts in attendance but Lauren made her way through the crowd to get 1 minute of Keven’s time where she relayed her love of his appearance on Howard Stern and her dream to work in radio – specifically Sirius. True to ‘Underman’ form, within weeks Lauren was hired to be Associate Producer for Conversations with Maria Menounos at Sirius, a job she holds currently. This led to her moonlight position on the Tomorrow Show where big plans are under way such as Lauren doing an accoustic cover version of the WWF’s entire 1985 The Wrestling Album.
A hippy trapped in a young millennial body, Lauren is the perfect misfit for the TSS crew. When she isn’t trying to single handedly save radio, Lauren, is recording her EP with Grammy Award winning producer, Jeff Bova, playing music gigs, teaching guitar to the youth of America (aka Burbank) and rollerblading, because that’s just good fun!
Recommended Viewing
Shows Page
Attention nocturnals, visionaries, escapists and dreamers – not to mention angry loners, the socially inept, adults living in their parents’ basements and those with Peter Pan syndrome – The Tomorrow Show with Keven Undergaro is YOUR overnight broadcast - one celebrity boyfriend’s mid-life crisis, a garage full of influencers, stars and oddities plus millennials in Star Trek uniforms and more!
-Keven Undergaro's Site
-AfterBuzz TV
-Black Hollywood Live
-Popcorn Talk
-Book Circle Online
© Copyright - The Tomorrow Show
Jared Gilkerson Kellie Knezovich
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William Kunhardt
William Kunhardt made his professional debut aged 22, going on to win the James Conlon Prize at Aspen Music Festival three years later.
William then became the first conducting fellow to be immediately engaged as a guest artist by Festival Director Robert Spano.
He has since been invited to conduct orchestras and festivals across Europe, Asia and America. Recent highlights include his NPR debut with Sarah Chang and Hector Del Cueto, the US premiere of Mike Mills Violin Concerto with Robert McDuffie and Aspen Festival Orchestra, Rossini and Strauss with Athens Symphony Orchestra, concerts of Tchaikovsky and Brahms with the Romanian Radio Orchestra, and Mendelssohn and Mozart with the Hallé, Manchester.
Other career highlights include invitations to perform in an elite group at Snape Maltings’ Britten Centenary Weekend and in the first ever orchestral concert at the British Museum, London. Further debuts have included the National Radio Orchestras of Bulgaria and Romania, Athens and Tallinn Cameratas, Sweden’s O:Mordent Orkester, State Orchestras in Greece and Moldova, the Lucerne Festival Strings and festivals in Germany, France and Bahrain.
As Artistic Director of the Arensky Chamber Orchestra William has established a reputation for tireless innovation.
From live programme notes to chamber jams, he has created concert formats that have lowered the ACO’s audience age to 10 years below UK classical averages. Driven by his musicianship and charismatic audience interaction, the ACO’s work has now been sold out for three years and counting.
With the ACO, William has made debuts at the Southbank Centre, Kings Place and Cadogan Hall. He has recorded symphonies by Beethoven and Mozart, Ravel’s Tombeau de Couperin, concerti with Jennifer Pike, Benjamin Grosvenor, Andrew Haveron and Andriy Viytovych, all for Classic FM, winning praise from the critics of the Independent, Guardian and Telegraph. In 2017, the ACO became a UK Arts Council funded ensemble, a partner orchestra of the National Gallery, London and a partner of TimeOut. They now turn their attention to an immersive concert series that puts classical music in the realm of Secret Cinema and Punchdrunk for the very first time.
William’s formative years were shaped by some of the world’s leading conductors, most significantly Bernard Haitink. He also studied with Paavo and Neeme Jarvi, Peter Eotvos, Heinz Holliger, and Robert Spano, won fellowships at Lucerne, Aspen and IRCAM festivals and worked as assistant for Sir Mark Elder, most notably for the Hallé’s recent recording of Mahler’s 6th Symphony.
The Great Masked Ball
An immersive Swan Lake experience
Harris Hall, Aspen
Wagner, Siegfried Idyll
Bach, Concerto for two Violins
Tchaikvosky, Souvenir de Florence
Sarah Chang, Violin
The Lost Love Speakeasy
An immersive Porgy and Bess experience
Goias, Brazil
Mahler, Lied von der erde
Beethoven, Symphony No. 6
Derek Chandruang | IMG Artists
To contact William
Roza Zah
Website powered by Musosites
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William Soto's Blog
CUMIPAZ
Teaching of principles and ethical values in university forum
1200480http://ww2w.embajadamundialdeactivistasporlapaz.com/en/press/news/teaching-principles-and-ethical-values-university-forum
schedule Wednesday, February 22, 2017
Students and teachers from different educational institutions attended the photo gallery "The Holocaust and Other Genocides" (February 20) and the University Forum "Educating to Remember"
Students and teachers from different educational institutions attended the photo gallery "The Holocaust and Other Genocides" (February 20) and the University Forum "Educating to Remember" (February 21); events held in defense of human rights.
Likewise, municipal authorities, special guests and the general public were present, who received information about the consequences of disrespect to life.
More than 800 people participated in the events that the GEAP carried out based on the study the history of the Holocaust and other genocides, since these facts left universal teachings that must be transmitted to present and future generations, to form human beings who work for the peace of the human family.
Holocaust Gallery
The Councilor for Education and Culture of the City of Tehuacán, José Pozos, and the national coordinator of the GEAP, Francisco Guerra, were in charge of opening the photographic exhibition "The Holocaust and Other Genocides".
Attendees toured the photographic exhibition that evidenced the Nazi Holocaust, where six million Jews were violated of their rights.
University Forum "Educate to Remember"
On February 21, in the courtyard of the columns of the cultural complex El Carmen was held the University Forum "Educating to Remember", this activity had the special participation of Holocaust survivor Luis Opatowski.
Also, Bernardo Pozos, director of Education and Culture, delegate of the municipal president; the researcher of the Benemérita Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP) Paulino Arellanés; and the representative of GEAP Josiel Vargas.
Bernardo Pozos was in charge of the opening of the event that contributes to the teaching and learning process, containing topics on respect, tolerance, justice, equity, equality, solidarity, study and promotion of Human Rights.
"When we are able to form human beings who see each other in themselves and who are able to see in the other a brother to reach out to, we will really be congruent with the philosophy of education that is sought in our country," he said.
Similarly, the historian Romanowsky gave a brief account of what happened in World War II, the result of intolerance, hatred and racism.
Hand prints
The survivor Luis Opatowsky shared with the audience his testimony; in his address he commented:
"More than 70 years ago, being only a child, I was humiliated, insulted, beaten and discriminated against for the sole reason of being Jewish."
A plaque in the form of the Star of David was presented which contains the palm prints of survivor Opatowsky, those of his son and those of his granddaughter. The Plaque also contains a slide that tells a brief description of what he went through during the Holocaust.
access_time Wednesday, February 22, 2017
Program Educating to Remember
Luis Opatowski Goldberg
Traces to Remember
University Forums: Educating to remember
In Mexico: Presentation of the project "Traces to Remember" at the Congress of the State of Veracruz
1,200 students at the University Forum “Educating to Remember”
En Monterrey, México
El auditorio principal “Gumersindo Cantú Hinojosa” de la Facultad de Contaduría Pública y Administración de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, se llenó con mil doscientos estudiantes quienes asistieron al Foro Universitario “El Holocausto: Educando para Recordar”, realizado el 29 de Enero de 2015, y organizado por la Embajada Mundial de Activistas por la Paz para recordar y honrar las víctimas del Holocausto de la segunda guerra mundial. La Directora MAE. María Eugenia García de la Peña asistió al evento y la acompañaron distinguidas personalidades del ámbito estudiantil, catedráticos, alumnos y público en general.
Educational Forum "The Holocaust and Human Rights"
The Global Embassy of Activists for Peace (GEAP) in México, organized the Educational Forum “The Holocausts and Human Rights”.
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APPETITE FOR DISCUSSION
Welcome to Appetite for Discussion -- a Guns N' Roses fan forum!
Please feel free to look around the forum as a guest, I hope you will find something of interest. If you want to join the discussions or contribute in other ways then you need to become a member. We especially welcome anyone who wants to share documents for our archive or would be interested in translating or transcribing articles and interviews.
Registering is free and easy.
SoulMonster
1995.04.24 - Detroit Free Press - Into The Pit (Slash)
APPETITE FOR DISCUSSION :: GN'R INTERVIEW AND ARTICLES ARCHIVE
by Blackstar on Thu Aug 22, 2019 7:26 am
INTO THE PIT
A vacationing Slash tries to unwind while on road with snakes
By Gary Graff
Free Press Music Writer
Slash has just checked into his hotel room in St. Petersburg, Fla., but his thoughts are still at the previous night’s show in Miami.
"As silly as it might sound, and as much a musician as I’d like to think I am, I really get off on a crowd that just loses their ... minds," says the 29-year-old guitarist, who’s in the midst of a vacation from Guns N’ Roses to tour with his solo band, Slash’s Snakepit.
"Last night, one guy reached up and deliberately untuned my guitar. I kicked him in the head ... but afterwards I thought ‘Ah, I shouldn’t have done that.’ But there were just a bunch of stupid people being crazy—jumping over monitors, jumping onstage, dancing with us. “I totally got off on the energy.” That’s one of the reasons Slash is indulging in this solo sanctuary these days. Left to his own devices, he says, time off Guns N’ Roses could lead him down a path of drugs and alcohol; his abuses in the past — including a heroin addiction — are legendary, and there was one overdose that left him clinically dead for eight minutes.
So, he says, it’s better to be working. And after Guns N’ Roses’ assorted swings through the biggest stadiums and arenas in the world, Slash — who was born Saul Hudson to rock ’n’ roll industry parents in England — had an itch to work at a more intimate level.
As he puts it, "I haven't played in front of a mosh pit for ages. Guns N’ Roses got too big to play that close to people.
"I needed to get down to street-level again. This doesn’t have any sort of big, rock star status behind it. We just have to prove we’re a good band. That’s a big, huge difference."
You can say Slash has traded one Snakepit for another. Since the conclusion of its two-year "Appetite for Destruction" world tour, there’s been quite a bit of hissing in the Guns camp — particularly between Slash and singer Axl Rose.
Rose caused a furor when he stuck a Charles Manson song on Guns’ 1993 cover album "The Spaghetti Incident.” Then the singer politicked to kick out guitarist Gilby Clarke, who Slash liked enough to make a part of the Snakepit.
Rose also irked Slash when the band recorded a new version of the Rolling Stones’ "Sympathy for the Devil" for the film “Interview with the Vampire.” The guitarist agreed to do the song "as a vehicle to get the band together and working again." But he wound up recording an instrumental track with bassist Duff McKagen and drummer Matt Sorum, and Rose came in later — with another guitarist — and, according to Slash, "ruined what I thought was going to be a cool version of the song."
There were other arguments — over whether Guns should do a club tour to promote “The Spaghetti Incident" (Slash yes, Rose no), over the bawdy rock songs that made it onto Snakepit’s album "It’s Five O’Clock Somewhere" (Rose didn’t like them).
No wonder the deposed Clarke says Guns “isn't an easy group to be part of." And no wonder Slash felt it was time "to get away for a minute, before Guns turns into something it shouldn’t.”
But, he says, this is no declaration of Guns’ imminent demise.
“Guns will be around forever, trust me,” he says. "They know how I feel. They know I'm not going anywhere. I don’t have the inclination to quit Guns and think I’m cool.
“There are just too many personalities in this band to just go ‘OK, let’s do this. To get everybody in sync is not an easy thing to do. But when we do, we’re the best ... band in the world.”
Clarke calls Slash the “center” for Guns, but the guitarist certainly appears guileless in that role. For instance, he asked drummer Sorum not to be part of the Snakepit tour so that he would be available for Guns rehearsals while Slash was away.
"If Matt went with me, the whole band would be dormant, and I didn’t want that,” Slash explains.
Nor does Slash mind apologizing for the band’s quirks.
"The original guys in the band, Duff and Axl and I, haven’t changed that much,” he says. "Axl is just a bigger version of what he always was. Axl’s difficult in some ways, brilliant in other ways. Axl’s Axl. I accept that.”
Ironically, Rose was supportive of the Snakepit album — at least until he realized it meant Slash would be taking some time off from Guns N’ Roses. "When I finally made a record," Slash recalls, "He was like ‘I like this song and this song and that song.’ I said ‘Yeah? You hated it when I wrote it.’
"The problems between Axl and I... that’s a psychological thing between us. I don’t think I’ve ever not been there for Guns before. I’ve always been there for every tiny thing. For to just disappear all of a sudden — ‘Look, I’m gone, I’ll be back on such-and-such a date’ — threw him for a loop, I think."
No matter what it did for Rose or the other Guns members, the Snakepit project is clearly refreshing Slash. He still insists the album was "an accident,” born out of jamming at his studio in the Hollywood Hills house where Slash lived with is wife, Renee, and a menagerie that includes some 300 dogs, cats, snakes and other reptiles.
It was destroyed in last year's earthquake, and Slash, Renee and “the kids” have relocated to Beverly Hills.
Besides Sorum and Clarke, the recorded version of Snakepit included Alice in Chains bassist Mike Inez, who had to return to Seattle to record his band’s next album. For the tour, they’ve been replaced by the rhythm section from the band Pride & Glory, whose leader — guitarist Zakk Wylde — was jamming with Guns for a time as a possible replacement for Clarke.
Slash’s reverie was also interrupted by the AIDS death of rapper Eazy-E, with whom he'd once recorded.
"That really blindsided everybody," he says. “This whole business is geared towards avoiding reality. We knew all about AIDS and everything... and we’d still be out there pushing needles (having sex with) anyone we could. I’ve given up a lot of that stuff, but I hope this wakes up some more people.”
In the meantime, Slash will keep his Snakepit on the road through August. Then he plans to go home, hopefully to find a Guns N’ Roses that's focused, cohesive and ready to make music again.
"I can’t tell you when the next record will be out or when we’ll be touring,” he says. "I have no idea at this moment as to where Axl’s head is at.
"In my heart of hearts, I’m hoping that while I’m gone they maintain a more or less simple rock ’n’ roll band kind of mentality. I’d be thrilled if that’s what I found when I got back."
Plectra : 18157
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» 1989.12.DD - Rock Scene - Hangin' with Izzy Stradlin
by Soulmonster Yesterday at 5:18 pm
» 1990.03.03 - Kerrang!- "I Wish We'd Never Played Donington '88" (Duff)
by Soulmonster Thu Jan 16, 2020 9:49 pm
» 2020.01.31 - Bud Light Super Bowl Music Fest, Miami, FL, USA
by Soulmonster Thu Jan 16, 2020 11:51 am
» 1989.10.DD - Creem Close-Up Metal - Guns N' Roses: An intimate chat with Slash
by Blackstar Tue Jan 14, 2020 9:38 pm
» 1989.01.DD - Metal Edge - Guns N' Roses Mailbag
» 2020.04.11 - Hard Rock Hotel & Casino, Punta Cana, Dominican Republic
by Soulmonster Tue Jan 14, 2020 4:46 pm
» 1988.12.17 - Kerrang! Why Do They Lie To Us? (Slash)
by Blackstar Fri Jan 10, 2020 2:39 pm
» 1996.10.30 - Fax from Axl
» THE HISTORY - IN THEIR OWN WORDS
by Soulmonster Fri Jan 10, 2020 8:22 am
» 1996.10.23 - Lawrence Journal-World- Guns N' Roses Makes Return To Wild (Duff)
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GN’R IN THE NEWS MEDIA
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CHOOSE A GN'R SONG14 Years Ain't Goin Down No More Ain't It Fun (The Dead Boys cover)Anything Goes As It BeganAtlas ShruggedAttitude (Misfits cover)Back Off BitchBad ApplesBad ObsessionBetter Billionaire Black Hole Sun (Soundgarden cover)Black Leather (The Professionals cover)BreakdownBuick Makane (Big Dumb Sex) (T. Rex and Soundgarden cover)Catcher In The RyeChinese DemocracyCivil War Circus Maximus ComaCrash Diet Curly Shuffle Dead Flowers (The Rolling Stones cover)Dead Horse Devious Bastard Double Talkin' JiveDon't CryDon't Damn MeDon't Let It bring You Down (Neil Young cover)Down On The Farm (U. K. Subs cover) D Tune Dub Suplex Dummy Dust N' BonesEstranged Eye On You Garden Of EdenGet In The RingGlad To Be Here (Bumblefoot cover) Going Down Hair Of The Dog (Nazareth cover)Hard School Heartbreak Hotel (Elvis Prestley cover)Human Being (New York Dolls cover)I Don't Care About You (Fear cover)If The World Inside Out It's So EasyI.R.S.Jumpin' Jack Flash (The Rolling Stones cover)Knockin' On Heaven's Door (Bob Dylan cover)Live And Let Die (The Wings cover)LocomotiveLook At Your Game Girl (Charles Manson cover)MadagascarMama Kin (Aerosmith cover) Me & My Elvis Motivation (Tommy Stinson cover)Move to the CityMr. Brownstone Mustache My Generation (The Who cover)My MichelleMy WorldNew Rose (The Damned cover) New Work Tune Nice Boys (Rose Tattoo cover)Nightrain Nothing November RainObjectify (Bumblefoot cover)Oh My God Oklahoma One In A MillionOut Ta Get MeParadise CityPatiencePerfect Crime Perhaps Pretty Tied UpP.R.L. Prom Violence Prostitute Quick Song Raw Power (Iggy and the Stooges cover) Real Doll.com Reckless LifeRiad N' The BedouinsRiff Raff (AC/DC cover)Right Next Door To HellRocket QueenScrapedShackler's RevengeShadow Of Your LoveShotgun BluesSilkwormsSince I Don't Have You (The Skyliners cover)Slither (Velvet Revolver cover)So FineSorry State of Grace Street of DreamsSweet Child O' MineSympathy For The Devil (The Rolling Stones cover)The Garden The Plague The Rebel There Was A TimeThe Seeker (The Who cover)Think About YouThis I Love Thyme Tommy Demo #1 Tonto Used To Love HerWelcome To The JungleWichita Lineman (Glen Campbell cover)Whole Lotta Rosie (AC/DC cover)YesterdaysYou Ain't The FirstYou Can't Put Your Arms Around A Memory (Johnny Thunders cover)You Could Be MineYou're CrazyZodiac 13
CHOOSE A GN'R MEMBERAxl RoseBrainBucketheadBumblefootChris PitmanDizzy ReedDj AshbaDuff McKaganFrank FerrerGilby ClarkeIzzy StradlinJosh FreeseMatt SorumMelissa ReeseOle BeichPaul TobiasRobin FinckRob GardnerRichard FortusSlashSteven AdlerTommy StinsonTracii GunsWest Arkeen
CHOOSE A LIVE SHOW (1985-1993)1985.03.26 - The Troubadour, LA, USA1985.04.11 - Radio City, Anaheim, USA1985.04.24 - The Trubadour, LA, USA1985.04.25 - Dancing Waters Club, USA1985.04.27 - Timbers Club, USA 1985.05.11 - Radio City, CA, USA 1985.05.12 - Joshua's Parlour, CA, USA 1985.06.06 - The Troubadour, LA, USA1985.06.08 - Rock Theater, Seattle, USA1985.06.28 - Stardust Ballroom, USA1985.07.04 - Madame Wong's East, USA1985.07.20 - The Troubadour, LA, USA1985.07.21 - UCLA, LA, USA1985.08.30 - Stardust Ballroom, LA, USA1985.08.31 - Roxy Theatre, LA, USA1985.09.20 - The Troubadour, LA, USA1985.09.28 - LASSF, LA, USA 1985.10.05 - The Stone, San Francisco, USA 1985.10.10 - The Troubadour, LA, USA1985.10.18 - Country Club, LA, USA1985.10.31 - Radio City, USA1985.11.22 - The Troubadour, LA, USA1985.12.20 - Music Machine, USA1986.01.04 - The Troubadour, LA, USA1986.01.18 - The Roxy, LA, USA1986.01.26 - Starwood Club, LA, USA1986.02.28 - The Troubadour, LA, USA1986.03.21 - Fenders Ballroom, LA, USA1986.03.23 - Music Machine, Los Angeles, CA, USA1986.03.28 10PM - The Roxy, LA, USA1986.03.28 12AM - The Roxy, LA, USA1986.04.05 - Whisky A Go Go, LA, USA1986.05.01 - The Central, LA, USA1986.05.13 - Raji's, LA, USA1986.05.31 - Gazzarri's, LA, USA1986.07.11 - The Troubadour, LA, USA1986.07.21 - Bogart's, Long Beach, USA1986.07.24 - Club Lingerie, LA, USA1986.07.31 - Timbers Ballroom, LA, USA1986.08.15 - The Scream, LA, USA1986.08.23 - Whisky A Go Go, LA, USA1986.08.28 - The Stone, San Francisco, CA, USA1986.08.30 - St.M CC, LA, USA1986.09.13 - Music Machine, LA, USA1986.09.20 - LASSF, LA, USA1986.10.23 - Arlington Theatre, LA, USA1986.10.31 - Ackermann Hall, LA, USA1986.12.21 - Fender's Ballroom, LA, USA1986.12.23 - The Cathouse, LA, USA 1986.12.31 - The Glamour, LA, USA 1987.03.16 - Whisky A Go Go, LA, USA1987.03.29 - The Roxy, LA, USA1987.06.19 - The Marquee, London, England1987.06.22 - The Marquee, London, England1987.06.28 - The Marquee, London, England1987.08.02 - Park Plaza Hotel Ballroom, Los Angeles, CA, USA1987.08.14 - Halifax, Canada1987.08.15 - Moncton, Canada1987.08.17 - Montreal, Canada1987.08.18 - Kitchener, Canada1987.08.19 - Toronto, Canada1987.08.21 - Detroit, USA1987.08.22 - Chicago, USA1987.08.25 - Winnipeg, Canada1987.08.26 - Edmonton, Canada1987.08.27 - Calgary, Canada1987.08.29 - Vancouver, Canada1987.08.30 - Seattle, USA1987.09.02 - San Francisco, USA1987.09.03 - Santa Cruz, USA1987.09.04 - San Diego, USA1987.09.05 - Long Beach, USA 1987.09.06 - Tucson Garden, Tucson, AR, USA 1987.09.07 - Phoenix, USA1987.09.08 - El Paso County Coliseum, El Paso, TX, USA1987.09.11 - Sunken Gardens Theater, San Antonio, TX, USA1987.09.12 - Austin, USA1987.09.13 - Dallas, USA1987.09.16 - Houston, USA1987.09.17 - New Orleans, USA1987.09.29 - Hamburg, West Germany1987.09.30 - Düsseldorf, West Germany1987.10.02 - Amsterdam, The Netherlands1987.10.04 - Newcastle, England1987.10.05 - Nottingham, England1987.10.06 - Manchester, England1987.10.07 - Bristol, England1987.10.08 - London, England1987.10.16 - Bay Shore, USA1987.10.17 - Allentown, USA1987.10.18 - Baltimore, USA1987.10.20 - Philadelphia, USA1987.10.21 - Albany, USA1987.10.22 - Randolph, USA1987.10.23 - The Ritz, NY, USA1987.10.25 - Poughkeepsie, USA1987.10.26 - Providence, USA1987.10.27 - Boston, USA1987.10.29 - Brooklyn, USA1987.10.30 - CBGB's, NY, USA1987.10.31 - Syracuse, USA1987.11.01 - Washington D.C., USA1987.11.03 - Mobile, USA1987.11.04 - Albany, USA1987.11.06 - Lafayette, USA1987.11.07 - New Orleans, USA1987.11.08 - Jackson, USA1987.11.10 - Huntsville, USA1987.11.11 - Charlotte, USA1987.11.14 - Columbia, USA1987.11.17 - Knoxville, USA1987.11.1x - Savannah, USA1987.11.1x - Greensboro, USA1987.11.1x - Birmingham, USA1987.11.20 - Atlanta, USA1987.11.21 - Chattanoga, USA1987.11.22 - Atlanta, USA1987.11.24 - Lakeland, USA1987.11.25 - Lakeland, USA1987.11.26 - Jacksonville, USA1987.11.27 - Fort Myers, USA1987.11.29 - Los Angeles, USA1987.12.03 - La Villa Real Special Events Center, McAllen, TX, USA1987.12.04 - Dallas, USA1987.12.05 - Houston, USA1987.12.07 - San Antonio, USA1987.12.08 - Midland, USA1987.12.12 - Louisville, USA1987.12.17 - St Paul, USA1987.12.18 - Chicago, USA1987.12.19 - Madison, USA1987.12.26 - Pasadena, USA1987.12.27 - Pasadena, USA1987.12.28 - Pasadena, USA1987.12.30 - Pasadena, USA1988.01.05 - Santa Monica, USA1988.01.10 - The Whisky, LA, USA1988.01.21 - The Cathouse, LA, USA1988.01.31 - The Limelight, NY, USA1988.02.02 - The Ritz, NY, USA1988.02.04 - Sacramento, USA1988.02.05 - San Francisco, USA1988.02.06 - Fresno, USA1988.02.08 - San Diego, USA1988.02.09 - Anaheim, USA1988.02.10 - Anaheim, USA1988.02.12 - Phoenix, USA1988.03.31 - Late Night Show, LA, USA1988.04.26 - Burlington, USA1988.04.27 - Oshkosh, USA1988.04.29 - Rockford, USA1988.04.30 - Danville, USA1988.05.01 - Toledo, USA1988.05.03 - Grand Rapids, USA1988.05.05 - Cleveland, USA1988.05.06 - Saginaw, USA1988.05.07 - Detroit, USA1988.05.09 - Felt Forum, NY, USA1988.05.10 - Upper Darby, USA1988.05.11 - Boston, USA1988.05.13 - Moncton, Canada1988.05.14 - Halifax, Canada1988.05.16 - Quebec, Canada1988.05.17 - Montreal, Canada1988.05.18 - Ottawa, Canada1988.05.20 - Toronto, Canada1988.05.23 - Winnipeg, Canada1988.05.25 - Edmonton, Canada1988.05.27 - Calgary, Canada1988.05.30 - Vancouver, Canada1988.05.31 - Spokane, USA1988.06.01 - Seattle, USA1988.06.03 - Salt Lake City, USA1988.06.05 - Mountain View, USA1988.06.06 - Sacramento, USA1988.07.09 - Phoenix, USA1988.07.10 - Phoenix, USA1988.07.17 - Hoffman Estates, USA1988.07.19 - Richfield, USA1988.07.20 - Wheeling, USA1988.07.22 - Cape Girardeau, USA1988.07.24 - Dallas, USA1988.07.26 - Bonner Springs, USA1988.07.27 - Ames, USA1988.07.29 - East Troy, USA1988.07.30 - Mears, USA1988.08.01 - Cincinnati, USA1988.08.02 - Indianapolis, USA1988.08.04 - Philadelphia, USA1988.08.05 - Philadelphia, USA1988.08.06 - Saratoga Springs, USA1988.08.07 - Middletown, USA1988.08.09 - Weedsport, USA1988.08.11 - Clarkston, USA1988.08.12 - Clarkston, USA1988.08.13 - Clarkston, USA1988.08.16 - East Rutherford, USA1988.08.17 - Columbia, USA1988.08.20 - Monsters of Rock, Donnington, England1988.08.24 - Mansfield, USA1988.08.25 - Mansfield, USA1988.08.26 - Mansfield, USA1988.08.28 - Newark, USA1988.08.30 - Wilkes-Barre, USA1988.08.31 - Pittsburgh, USA1988.09.02 - Antioch, USA1988.09.03 - St. Louis, USA1988.09.08 - Concord, USA1988.09.10 - Mountain View, USA1988.09.12 - Chandler, USA1988.09.14 - Costa Mesa, USA1988.09.15 - Costa Mesa, USA1988.09.17 - Irving, USA1988.12.04 - NKH Hall, Tokyo, Japan1988.12.05 - Festival Hall, Osaka, Japan1988.12.07 - Nakano Sunplaza, Tokyo, Japan1988.12.09 - NKH Hall, Tokyo, Japan1988.12.10 - Budokan, Tokyo, Japan1988.12.14 - Melbourne, Australia1988.12.15 - Melbourne, Australia1988.12.17 - Sydney, Australia1988.12.19 - Auckland, New Zealand1989.10.11 - The Cathouse, LA, USA1989.10.13 - Park Plaza Hotel, LA, USA1989.10.18 - Los Angeles Coliseum, LA, USA1989.10.19 - Los Angeles Coliseum, LA, USA1989.10.21 - Los Angeles Coliseum, LA, USA1989.10.22 - Los Angeles Coliseum, LA, USA1990.04.07 - Farm Aid, Indianapolis, USA1991.01.20 - Rock In Rio II, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil1991.01.23 - Rock In Rio II, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil1991.05.09 - San Francisco, USA1991.05.11 - Pantages Theatre, LA, USA1991.05.16 - The Ritz, NY, USA1991.05.24 - East Troy, USA1991.05.25 - East Troy, USA1991.05.28 - Noblesville, USA1991.05.29 - Noblesville, USA1991.06.01 - Grove City, USA1991.06.02 - Toledo, USA1991.06.04 - Richfield, USA1991.06.05 - Richfield, USA1991.06.07 - Toronto, Canada1991.06.08 - Toronto, Canada1991.06.10 - Saratoga Springs, USA1991.06.11 - Hershey, USA1991.06.13 - Philadelphia, USA1991.06.17 - Uniondale, USA1991.06.19 - Landover, USA1991.06.20- Landover, USA1991.06.22- Hampton, USA1991.06.23- Charlotte, USA1991.06.25- Greensboro, USA1991.06.26- Knoxville, USA1991.06.29 - Lexington, USA1991.06.30 - Birmingham, USA1991.07.02 - St. Louis, USA1991.07.08 - Dallas, USA1991.07.09 - Dallas, USA1991.07.11 - Denver, USA1991.07.12 - Englewood, USA1991.07.13 - Salt Lake City, USA1991.07.16 - Tacoma, USA1991.07.17 - Tacoma, USA1991.07.19 - Mountain View, USA1991.07.20 - Mountain View, USA1991.07.23 - Sacramento, USA1991.07.25 - Costa Mesa, USA1991.07.29 - Inglewood, USA1991.07.30 - Inglewood, USA1991.08.02 - Inglewood, USA1991.08.03 - Inglewood, USA1991.08.13 - Helsinki, Finland1991.08.14 - Helsinki, Finland1991.08.16 - Stockholm, Sweden1991.08.17 - Stockholm, Sweden1991.08.19 - Copenhagen, Denmark1991.08.24 - Mannheim, Germany1991.08.31 - Wembley, London, England1991.12.05 - Worcester, USA1991.12.06 - Worcester, USA1991.12.09 - Madison Square Garden, NY, USA1991.12.10 - Madison Square Garden, NY, USA1991.12.13 - Madison Square Garden, NY, USA1991.12.16 - Philadelphia, USA1991.12.17 - Philadelphia, USA1991.12.28 - St Petersburg, USA1991.12.31 - Miami, USA1992.01.03 - Baton Rogue, USA1992.01.03 - Biloxi, USA1992.01.07 - Memphis, USA1992.01.09 - Houston, USA1992.01.10 - Houston, USA1992.01.13 - Dayton, USA1992.01.14 - Dayton, USA1992.01.21 - Minneapolis, USA1992.01.22 - Minneapolis, USA1992.01.25 - Las Vegas, USA1992.01.27 - San Diego, USA1992.01.28 - San Diego, USA1992.01.31 - Chandler, USA1992.02.01 - Chandler, USA1992.02.19 - Tokyo Dome, Tokyo, Japan1992.02.20 - Tokyo Dome, Tokyo, Japan1992.02.22 - Tokyo Dome, Tokyo, Japan1992.04.01 - Mexico City, Mexico1992.04.02 - Mexico City, Mexico1992.04.06 - Oklahoma, USA1992.04.09 - Rosemont, USA1992.04.20 - Mercury Tribute, London, England1992.05.16 - Slane, Ireland1992.05.20 - Prague, Czechoslovakia1992.05.22 - Budapest, Hungary1992.05.23 - Vienna, Austria1992.05.26 - Berlin, Germany1992.05.28 - Stuttgart, Germany1992.05.30 - Cologne, Germany1992.06.03 - Hannover, Germany1992.06.06 - Paris, France1992.06.13 - Wembley, England1992.06.14 - Manchester, England1992.06.16 - Gateshead, England1992.06.20 - Würzburg, Germany1992.06.21 - Basel, Switzerland1992.06.23 - Rotterdam, Holland1992.06.27 - Turin, Italy1992.06.30 - Seville, Spain1992.07.02 - Lisbon, Portugal1992.07.17 - Washington, USA1992.07.18 - East Rutherford, USA1992.07.21 - Pontiac, USA1992.07.22 - Indianapolis, USA1992.07.25 - Orchard Park, USA1992.07.26 - Pittsburgh, USA1992.07.29 - East Rutherford, USA1992.08.08 - Montreal, Canada1992.08.25 - Phoenix, USA1992.08.27 - Las Cruces, USA1992.08.29 - New Orleans, USA1992.09.02 - Orlando, USA1992.09.04 - Houston, USA1992.09.05 - Irving, USA1992.09.07 - Columbia, USA1992.09.09 - MVMA, Los Angeles, USA1992.09.11 - Foxboro, USA1992.09.13 - Toronto, Canada1992.09.15 - Minneapolis, USA1992.09.17 - Kansas City, USA1992.09.19 - Denver, USA1992.09.24 - Oakland, USA1992.09.27 - LA Coliseum, Los Angeles, USA1992.09.30 - San Diego, USA1992.10.03 - Pasadena, USA1992.10.06 - Seattle, USA1992.11.25 - Caracas, Venezuela1992.11.29 - Bogota, Colombia1992.12.02 - Santiago, Chile1992.12.05 - Buenos Aires, Argentina1992.12.06 - Buenos Aires, Argentina1992.12.10 - Sao Paulo, Brazil1992.12.12 - Sao Paulo, Brazil1992.12.13 - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil1993.01.12 - Tokyo Dome, Tokyo, Japan1993.01.14 - Tokyo Dome, Tokyo, Japan1993.01.15 - Tokyo Dome, Tokyo, Japan1993.01.30 - Sydney, Australia1993.02.01 - Melbourne, Australia1993.02.06 - Auckland, New Zealand1993.02.23 - Austin, USA1993.02.25 - Birmingham, USA1993.03.06 - New Haven, USA1993.03.08 - Portland, USA1993.03.09 - Hartford, USA1993.03.12 - Hamilton, Canada1993.03.16 - Augusta, USA1993.03.17 - Boston, USA1993.03.20 - Iowa City, USA1993.03.21 - Fargo, USA1993.03.24 - Winnipeg, Canada1993.03.26 - Saskatoon, Canada1993.03.28 - Edmonton, Canada1993.03.30 - Vancouver, Canada1993.04.01 - Portland, USA1993.04.03 - Sacramento, USA1993.04.04 - Reno, USA1993.04.07 - Salt Lake City, USA1993.04.09 - Rapid City, USA1993.04.10 - Omaha, USA1993.04.13 - Auburn Hills, USA1993.04.15 - Roanoke, USA1993.04.16 - Chapel Hill, USA1993.04.21 - Guadalajara, Mexico1993.04.23 - Mexico City, Mexico1993.04.24 - Mexico City, Mexico1993.04.27 - Monterrey, Mexico1993.04.28 - Monterrey, Mexico1993.05.22 - Tel Aviv, Israel1993.05.24 - Athens, Greece1993.05.26 - Istanbul, Turkey1993.05.29 - Milton Keynes, England1993.05.30 - Milton Keynes, England1993.06.02 - Vienna, Austria1993.06.05 - Nijmegen, Netherlands1993.06.06 - Nijmegen, Netherlands1993.06.08 - Copenhagen, Denmark1993.06.10 - Oslo, Norway1993.06.12 - Stockholm, Sweden1993.06.16 - Basel, Switzerland1993.06.18 - Bremen, Germany1993.06.19 - Cologne, Germany1993.06.22 - Karlsruhe, Germany1993.06.25 - Frankfurt, Germany1993.06.26 - Munich, Germany1993.06.29 - Modena, Italy1993.06.30 - Modena, Italy1993.07.05 - Barcelona, Spain1993.07.06 - Madrid, Spain1993.07.08 - Nancy, France1993.07.09 - Lyon, France1993.07.11 - Werchter, Belgium1993.07.13 - Paris, France1993.07.16 - Buenos Aires, Argentina1993.07.17 - Buenos Aires, Argentina
CHOOSE A LIVE SHOW (2001-2014)2001.01.01 - HOB, Las Vegas, USA2001.01.15 - RIR III, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil2001.12.29 - The Joint, Las Vegas, USA2001.12.31 - The Joint, Las Vegas, USA2002.08.14 - Hong Kong, China2002.08.17 - Chiba, Japan2002.08.18 - Osaka, Japan2002.08.23 - Leeds, England2002.08.24 - Pukkelpop Festival, Belgium2002.08.26 - London Arena, London, England2002.08.29 - VMA, New York, USA2002.11.08 - Tacoma, USA2002.11.11 - Nampa, USA2002.11.14 - Minneapolis, USA2002.11.15 - Fargo, USA2002.11.17 - Moline, USA2002.11.18 - Rosemont, USA2002.11.21 - Auburn Hills, USA2002.11.22 - Pittsburgh, USA2002.11.24 - Cleveland, USA2002.11.25 - Columbus, USA2002.11.27 - Albany, USA2002.11.29 - Toronto, Canada2002.11.30 - London, Canada2002.12.02 - Boston, USA2002.12.03 - Hartford, USA2002.12.05 - MSG, New York, USA2006.05.12 - Hammerstein Ballroom, New York, USA2006.05.14 - Hammerstein Ballroom, New York, USA2006.05.15 - Hammerstein Ballroom, New York, USA2006.05.17 - Hammerstein Ballroom, New York, USA2006.05.19 - The Plumm, New York, USA2006.05.25 - Madrid, Spain2006.05.27 - RIR V, Lisbon, Portugal2006.05.31 - Budapest, Hungary2006.06.02 - Rock Am Ring, Germany2006.06.04 - Gods of Metal, Italy2006.06.07 - Hammersmith Apollo, London, England2006.06.09 - Dublin, Ireland2006.06.11 - Download Festival, England2006.06.13 - Prague, Czech Republic2006.06.15 - Warsaw, Poland2006.06.17 - Novarock, Austria2006.06.24 - Graspop, Belgium2006.06.26 - Stockholm, Sweden2006.06.28 - Oslo, Norway2006.06.29 - Roskilde Festival, Denmark2006.07.01 - Zurich, Switzerland2006.07.02 - Nijmegen, Netherlands2006.07.05 - Helsinki, Finland2006.07.06 - Helsinki, Finland2006.07.08 - Oslo, Norway2006.07.10 - Rockwave Festival, Greece2006.07.12 - Istanbul, Turkey2006.07.14 - Bilbao, Spain2006.07.15 - El Ejido, Spain2006.07.18 - Sheffield, England2006.07.21 - Glasgow, Scotland2006.07.23 - Manchester, England2006.07.25 - Birmingham, England2006.07.27 - Nottingham, England2006.07.29 - Wembley, London, England2006.07.30 - Cuckoo Club, London, England2006.07.30 - Wembley Arena, London, England2006.09.16 - The Joint, Las Vegas, USA2006.09.17 - The Joint, Las Vegas, USA2006.09.20 - San Francisco, USA2006.09.21 - San Francisco, USA2006.09.23 - KROQ Inland Invasion, Devore, USA2006.10.24 - Sunrise, USA2006.10.25 - St. Petersburg, USA2006.10.27 - Estero, USA2006.10.29 - San Juan, Puerto Rico2006.10.31 - Jacksonville, USA2006.11.02 - Greensboro, USA2006.11.03 - Huntington, USA2006.11.05 - East Rutherford, USA2006.11.08 - Worchester, USA2006.11.10 - MSG, New York, USA2006.11.13 - Baltimore, USA2006.11.15 - Toronto, Canada2006.11.17 - Ottawa, Canada2006.11.18 - Quebec City, Canada2006.11.20 - Halifax, Canada2006.11.21 - Saint John, Canada2006.11.24 - Cleveland, USA2006.11.25 - Auburn Hills, USA2006.11.27 - Rosemont, USA2006.12.01 - Ames, USA2006.12.02 - Minneapolis, USA2006.12.04 - Winnipeg, Canada2006.12.06 - Calgary, Canada2006.12.07 - Edmonton, Canada2006.12.10 - Everett, USA2006.12.11 - Portland, USA2006.12.15 - Oakland, USA2006.12.17 - Universal City, USA2006.12.19 - Universal City, USA2006.12.20 - Universal City, USA2007.02.08 - Beverly Hills City Hall, USA2007.06.02 - Monterrey, Mexico2007.06.03 - Guadalajara, Mexico2007.06.05 - Mexico City, Mexico2007.06.10 - Perth, Australia2007.06.13 - Adelaide, Australia2007.06.15 - Melbourne, Australia2007.06.16 - Melbourne, Australia2007.06.19 - Brisbane, Australia2007.06.20 - Brisbane, Australia2007.06.23 - Sydney, Australia2007.06.24 - Sydney, Australia2007.06.29 - Auckland, New Zealand2007.06.30 - Auckland, New Zealand2007.07.03 - Christchurch, New Zealand2007.07.14 - Chiba, Japan2007.07.15 - Chiba, Japan2007.07.17 - Nagoya, Japan2007.07.18 - Nippon Budokan, Tokyo, Japan2007.07.21 - Osaka, Japan2009.12.11 - Taipei, Taiwan2009.12.13 - Seoul, South Korea2009.12.16 - Kyocera Dome Osaka, Japan2009.12.29 - Tokyo Dome, Tokyo, Japan2010.01.13 - Winnipeg, Canada2010.01.16 - Calgary, Canada2010.01.17 - Edmonton, Canada2010.01.19 - Saskatoon, Canada2010.01.20 - Regina, Canada2010.01.24 - Hamilton, Canada2010.01.25 - John Labatt Centre, London, OH, Canada 2010.01.27 - Centre Ball, Montreal, QC, Canada 2010.01.28 - Air Canada Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada 2010.01.31 - Scotiabank Place, Ottawa, ON, Canada 2010.02.01 - Colisée Pepsi, Quebec City, QC, Canada 2010.02.03 - Moncton Coliseum, Moncton, NB, Canada 2010.02.04 - Halifax Metro Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada 2010.02.11 - John Varvatos Store, New York, NY, USA 2010.02.14 - Rose Bar, New York, NY, USA 2010.03.07 - Ginásio Nilson Nelson, Brasília, Brazil 2010.03.10 - Ginásio Mineirinho, Belo Horizonte, Brazil 2010.03.13 - Estádio Palestra Itália, São Paulo, Brazil 2010.03.16 - Estacionamento da FIERGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil2010.03.18 - Estadio Centenario, Montevideo, Uruguay2010.03.20 - Movistar Arena, Santiago, Chile2010.03.22 - Estadio Velez Sarsfield, Buenos Aires, Argentina 2010.03.25 - Explanada Sur Del estadio Monumental, Lima, Peru2010.03.27 - Poliedra de Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela2010.03.30 - Parque Jaime Duque, Bogotá, Colombia2010.04.01 - Estadio Olimpico Atahualpa, Quito, Ecuador2010.04.04 - Praça da Apoteose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil2010.04.07 - Figali Convention Center, Panama City, Panama 2010.04.11 - Estadio Cuscatlán, San Salvador, El Salvador 2010.04.15 - Coliseo Roberto Clemente, San Juan, Puerto Rico2010.05.31 - Vestlandshallen, Bergen, Norway 2010.06.02 - Oslo Spektrum, Oslo, Norway2010.06.05 - Helsinki Live 2010, Helsinki, Finland 2010.06.06 - St. Petersburg, Russia2010.06.08 - Moscow, Russia2010.06.12 - Sölvesborg, Sweden2010.06.14 - Aalborg, Denmark2010.08.13 - Sturgis, USA2010.08.27 - Reading Festival, UK2010.08.29 - Leeds Festival, UK2010.08.31 - Belfast, Northern Ireland2010.09.01 - Dublin, Northern Ireland2010.09.05 - Milan, Italy2010.09.08 - Zürich, Switzerland2010.09.10 - Amnéville, France2010.09.13 - Paris, France2010.09.14 - Paris, France2010.09.16 - Genève, Switzerland2010.09.18 - Wien, Austria2010.09.21 - Bucuresti, Romania2010.09.23 - Belgrade, Serbia2010.09.24 - Zagreb, Croatia2010.09.27 - Prague, Czech Republic2010.09.30 - Antwerpen, Belgium2010.10.02 - Lillé, France2010.10.03 - Arnhem, Netherlands2010.10.06 - Lisbon, Portugal2010.10.09 - Madrid, Spain2010.10.10 - San Sebastían, Spain2010.10.13 - London, England2010.10.14 - London, England2010.10.17 - Birmingham, England2010.10.18 - Manchester, England2010.10.22 - Zaragoza, Spain2010.10.23 - Barcelona, Spain2010.10.29 - Moscow, Russia2010.12.01 - Townsville, Australia2010.12.04 - Sydney, Australia2010.12.07 - Adelaide, Australia2010.12.11 - Perth, Australia2010.12.16 - Abu Dhabi, UAE2011.10.02 - Rock In Rio IV, Rio, Brazil2011.10.05 - Santiago, Chile2011.10.08 - Buenos Aires, Argentina2011.10.10 - Rosario, Argentina2011.10.12 - Córdoba, Argentina2011.10.15 - Asunción, Paraguay2011.10.18 - Mexico City, Mexico2011.10.19 - Mexico City, Mexico2011.10.22 - Guadalajara, Mexico2011.10.23 - Monterrey, Mexico2011.10.28 - Orlando, USA2011.10.29 - Miami, USA2011.10.31 - Greenville, USA2011.11.02 - Atlanta, USA2011.11.04 - Houston, USA2011.11.05 - Dallas, USA2011.11.08 - Omaha, USA2011.11.09 - Norman, USA2011.11.12 - Kansas City, USA2011.11.13 - Minneapolis, USA2011.11.15 - Rosemont, USA2011.11.17 - East Rutherford, USA2011.11.19 - Hartford, USA2011.11.20 - Wilkes-Barre, USA2011.11.25 - Worchester, USA2011.11.26 - Camden, USA2011.11.28 - Hamilton, Canada2011.12.01 - Detroit, USA2011.12.02 - Cincinatti, USA2011.12.04 - Nashville, USA2011.12.07 - Youngstown, USA2011.12.08 - Indianapolis, USA2011.12.11 - Broomfield, USA2011.12.13 - Salt Lake City, USA2011.12.16 - Seattle, USA2011.12.17 - Vancouver, Canada2011.12.21 - Los Angeles, USA2011.12.27 - Phoenix, USA2011.12.30 - Las Vegas, USA2011.12.31 - Las Vegas, USA2012.02.10 - Roseland Ballroom, NY, USA2012.02.12 - Terminal 5, NY, USA2012.02.15 - The Ritz, NY, USA2012.02.16 - Hiro Ballroom, NY, USA2012.02.19 - Chicago, USA2012.02.19 - Detroit, USA2012.02.23 - Silver Spring, USA2012.02.24 - Atlantic City, USA2012.02.27 - Philadelphia, USA2012.03.01 - Atlanta, USA2012.03.03 - Lake Buena Vista, USA2012.03.05 - Miami, USA2012.03.09 - Hollywood Palladium, LA, USA2012.03.11 - The Wiltern, LA, USA2012.03.12 - House of Blues, LA, USA2012.05.11 - Moscow, Russia2012.05.17 - Dublin, Ireland2012.05.19 - Nottingham, England2012.05.20 - Liverpool, England2012.05.23 - Newcastle, England2012.05.25 - Glasgow, Scotland2012.05.26 - Birmingham, England2012.05.29 - Manchester, England2012.05.31 - O2 Arena, London, England2012.06.01 - O2 Arena, London, England2012.06.04 - Rotterdam, Netherlands, England2012.06.05 - Paris, France2012.06.08 - Mönchengladbach, Germany2012.06.10 - Lyon, France2012.06.11 - Strasbourg, France2012.06.14 - Toulouse, France2012.06.16 - Hellfest, Clisson, France2012.06.18 - Montpelier, France2012.06.19 - Toulon, France2012.06.22 - Gods of Metal, Milan, Italy2012.06.24 - Graspop, Dessel, Belgium2012.06.27 - Basel, Switzerland2012.06.29 - Graz, Austria2012.07.01 - Bucuresti, Romania2012.07.03 - Tel Aviv, Israel2012.07.06 - Istanbul, Turkey2012.07.08 - Sofia, Bulgaria2012.07.11 - Rybnik, Poland2012.07.13 - Piestany, Slovakia2012.07.15 - Novi Sad, Serbia2012.07.17 - Split, Croatia2012.07.20 - Benicassim, Spain2012.07.21 - St. Tropez, France2012.07.22 - Mallorca, Spain2012.10.20 - Bridge School Benefit, USA2012.10.21 - Bridge School Benefit, USA2012.10.31 - The Joint, Las Vegas, USA2012.11.02 - The Joint, Las Vegas, USA2012.11.03 - The Joint, Las Vegas, USA2012.11.07 - The Joint, Las Vegas, USA2012.11.09 - The Joint, Las Vegas, USA2012.11.10 - The Joint, Las Vegas, USA2012.11.14 - The Joint, Las Vegas, USA2012.11.17 - The Joint, Las Vegas, USA2012.11.18 - The Joint, Las Vegas, USA2012.11.21 - The Joint, Las Vegas, USA2012.11.23 - The Joint, Las Vegas, USA2012.11.24 - The Joint, Las Vegas, USA2012.12.07 - Bangalore, India2012.12.09 - Mumbai, India2012.12.12 - Delhi, India2012.12.16 - Jakarta, Indonesia2012.12.18 - Zepp, Tokyo, Japan2013.02.13 - Soho House, LA, USA2013.03.09 - Perth, Australia2013.03.12 - Sydney, Australia2013.03.13 - New Lambton, Australia2013.03.16 - Sydney, Australia2013.03.17 - Sydney, Australia2013.03.20 - Brisbane, Australia2013.03.24 - Selangor, Malaysia2013.03.28 - Abu Dhabi, UAE2013.03.30 - Beirut, Lebanon2013.05.24 - Rocklahoma, USA2013.05.26 - River City Rockfest, USA2013.05.28 - Houston, USA2013.05.29 - Dallas, USA2013.06.01 - Lubbock, USA2013.06.02 - Kansas City, USA2013.06.05 - Buffalo, USA2013.06.06 - Brooklyn, USA2013.06.08 - Govenors Ball Music Festival, NY, USA2013.07.12 - FEQ, Quebec City, Canada2013.07.14 - Metropolis, Montreal, Canada2013.07.15 - Sound Academy, Toronto, Canada 2014.03.20 - HSBC Arena, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil2014.03.22 - Bela Horizonte, Brazil2014.03.25 - Brasilia, Brazil2014.03.28 - Sao Paolo, Brazil2014.03.30 - Curitiba, Brazil2014.04.01 - Florianopolis, Brazil2014.04.03 - Porto Alegre, Brazil2014.04.06 - Buenos Aires, Argentina2014.04.09 - Asunción, Paraguay2014.04.12 - La Paz, Bolivia2014.04.15 - Recife, Brazil2014.04.17 - Fortaleza, Brazil2014.04.23 - Golden Gods Awards, Los Angeles, USA2014.05.13 - Betlehem, USA2014.05.16 - Rock on the Range, USA2014.05.21 - Hard Rock Hotel, Las Vegas, USA2014.05.24 - Hard Rock Hotel, Las Vegas, USA2014.05.25 - Hard Rock Hotel, Las Vegas, USA2014.05.28 - Hard Rock Hotel, Las Vegas, USA2014.05.30 - Hard Rock Hotel, Las Vegas, USA2014.05.31 - Hard Rock Hotel, Las Vegas, USA2014.06.04 - Hard Rock Hotel, Las Vegas, USA2014.06.06 - Hard Rock Hotel, Las Vegas, USA2014.06.07 - Hard Rock Hotel, Las Vegas, USA
CHOOSE A LIVE SHOW (2016-2020)2016.04.01 - The Troubadour, Los Angeles, USA2016.04.08 - T-Mobile Arena, Las Vegas, USA2016.04.09 - T-Mobile Arena, Las Vegas, USA2016.04.16 - Coachella, Indio, USA2016.04.19 - Foro Sol, Mexico City, Mexico2016.04.20 - Foro Sol, Mexico City, Mexico>2016.04.23 - Coachella, Indio, USA2016.06.23 - Ford Field, Detroit, MI, USA2016.06.26 - FedEx Field, Landover, MD, USA2016.06.29 - Arrowhead Stadium, Kansas City, MO, USA2016.07.01 - Soldier Stadium, Chicago, IL, USA2016.07.03 - Soldier Stadium, Chicago, IL, USA2016.07.06 - Paul Brown Stadium, Cincinnati, OH, USA2016.07.09 - Nissan Stadium, Nashville, TN, USA2016.07.12 - Heinz Field, Pittsburgh, PA, USA2016.07.14 - Lincoln Financial Field, Philadelphia, PA, USA2016.07.16 - Rogers Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada2016.07.19 - Gillette Stadium, Foxboro, MA, USA2016.07.20 - Gillette Stadium, Foxboro, MA, USA2016.07.23 - Metlife Stadium, East Rutherford, NJ, USA2016.07.24 - Metlife Stadium, East Rutherford, NJ, USA2016.07.27 - Georgia Dome, Atlanta, GA, USA2016.07.29 - Camping World Stadium, Orlando, FL, USA2016.07.31 - Mercedes-Benz Superdome, New Orleans, LA, USA2016.08.03 - AT&T Stadium, Arlington, TX, USA2016.08.05 - NRG Stadium, Houston, TX, USA2016.08.09 - AT&T Park, San Francisco, CA, USA2016.08.12 - CenturyLink Field, Seattle, WA, USA2016.08.15 - University of Phoenix Stadium, Glendale, AZ, USA2016.08.18 - Dodger Stadium, Los Angeles, CA, USA2016.08.19 - Dodger Stadium, Los Angeles, CA, USA2016.08.22 - Qualcomm Stadium, San Diego, CA, USA2016.10.27 - Estadio Monumental, Lima, Peru2016.10.29 - Estadio Nacional, Santiago, Chile2016.11.01 - Estadio Gigante de Arroyito, Rosario, Argentina2016.11.04 - Estadio River Plate, Buenos Aires, Argentina2016.11.05 - Estadio River Plate, Buenos Aires, Argentina2016.11.08 - Estadio Beira Rio, Porto Alegre, Brazil2016.11.15 - Engenhão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil2016.11.17 - Pedreira Paulo Leminski, Curitiba, Brazil2016.11.20 - Estádio Mané Garrincha, Brasília, Brazil2016.11.26 - Estadio Nacional de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica2016.11.29 - Palacio de los Deportes, Mexico City, Mexico2016.11.30 - Palacio de los Deportes, Mexico City, Mexico2017.01.21 - Kyocera Dome, Osaka, Japan2017.01.22 - Kobe World Kinen Hall, Kobe, Japan2017.01.25 - Yokohama Arena, Yokohama, Japan2017.01.28 - Saitama Super Arena, Tokyo, Japan2017.01.29 - Saitama Super Arena, Tokyo, Japan2017.02.02 - Westpac Stadium, Wellington, New Zealand2017.02.04 - Western Springs Stadium, Auckland, New Zealand2017.02.07 - QSAC Stadium, Brisbane, Australia2017.02.10 - ANZ Stadium, Sydney, Australia2017.02.11 - ANZ Stadium, Sydney, Australia2017.02.14 - Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne, Australia2017.02.18 - Adelaide Oval, Adelaide, Australia2017.02.21 - Domain Stadium, Perth, Australia2017.02.25 - Changi Exhibition Centre, Singapore, Singapore2017.02.28 - SCG Stadium, Nonthaburi, Thailand2017.03.03 - Autism Rocks Arena, Dubai, United Arab Emirates2017.05.27 - Slane Castle, Slane, Ireland2017.05.30 - San Mamés, Bilbao, Spain2017.06.02 - Passeio Marítimo de Algés, Oeiras, Portugal2017.06.04 - Estadio Vicente Calderón, Madrid, Spain2017.06.07 - Letzigrund Stadion, Zurich, Switzerland2017.06.10 - Autodromo Internazionale, Imola, Italy2017.06.13 - Olympiastadion, Munich, Germany2017.06.16 - London Stadion, London, England2017.06.17 - London Stadion, London, England2017.06.20 - Energa Stadion, Gdansk, Poland2017.06.22 - Messegelände, Hanover, Germany2017.06.24 - Werchterpark, Werchter, Belgium2017.06.27 - Telia Parken, Copenhagen, Denmark2017.06.29 - Friends Arena, Stockholm, Sweden2017.07.01 - Kantolan Tapahtumapuisto, Hämeenlinna, Finland2017.07.04 - Letiště Praha Letňany, Prague, Czech Republic2017.07.07 - Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France2017.07.10 - Ernst Happel Stadion, Vienna, Austria2017.07.12 - Goffertpark, Nijmegen, Netherlands2017.07.15 - Park HaYarkon, Tel Aviv, Israel2017.07.20 - Apollo Theater, New York, USA2017.07.27 - The Dome at America's Center, St. Louis, MO, USA2017.07.30 - U.S. Bank Stadium, Minneapolis, MN, USA2017.08.02 - Sports Authority Field at Mile High, Denver, CO, USA2017.08.05 - War Memorial Stadium, Little Rock, AR, USA2017.08.08 - Marlins Park, Miami, FL, USA2017.08.11 - BB&T Field, Winston-Salem, NC, USA2017.08.13 - Hersheypark Stadium, Hershey, PA, USA2017.08.16 - New Era Field, Buffalo, NY, USA2017.08.19 - Parc Jean-Drapeau, Montreal, QC, Canada2017.08.21 - TD Place Stadium, Ottawa, ON, Canada 2017.08.24 - Investors Group Field, Winnipeg, MB, Canada 2017.08.27 - Mosaic Stadium, Regina, SK, Canada 2017.08.30 -Commonwealth Stadium, Edmonton, AB, Canada 2017.09.01 - BC Place Stadium, Vancouver, BC, Canada2017.09.03 - The Gorge Amphitheatre, George, WA, USA2017.09.06 - Sun Bowl, El Paso, TX, USA 2017.09.08 - Alamodome, San Antonio, TX, USA2017.09.23 - Rock In Rio, Parque Olímpico, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2017.09.26 - São Paulo Trip, Allianz Parque, São Paulo, Brazil 2017.09.29 - Stgo Rock City, Estadio Monumental, Santiago, Chile 2017.10.01 - Estadio Ciudad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina 2017.10.08 - Wells Fargo Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA 2017.10.11 - Madison Square Garden, New York, NY, USA 2017.10.12 - Prudential Center, Newark, NJ, USA 2017.10.15 - Madison Square Garden, New York, NY, USA 2017.10.16 - Madison Square Garden, New York, NY, USA 2017.10.17 - Capital One Arena, Washington, DC, USA 2017.10.22 - TD Garden, Boston, MA, USA2017.10.23 - XL Center, Hartford, CT, USA2017.10.26 - Quicken Loans Arena, Cleveland, OH, USA2017.10.29 - Air Canada Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada2017.10.30 - Air Canada Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada 2017.11.02 - Little Caesars Arena, Detroit, MI, USA2017.11.03 - KFC Yum! Center, Louisville, KY, USA2017.11.06 - United Center, Chicago, IL, USA2017.11.07 - BMO Harris Bradley Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA 2017.11.10 - Toyota Center, Houston, TX, USA 2017.11.13 - Bridgestone Arena, Nashville, TN, USA 2017.11.14 - BOK Center, Tulsa, OK, USA 2017.11.17 - T-Mobile Arena, Las Vegas, NV, USA 2017.11.18 - Golden 1 Center, Sacramento, CA, USA2017.11.21 - Oracle Arena, Oakland, CA, USA2017.11.24 - Staples Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA2017.11.25 - The Forum, Inglewood, CA, USA2017.11.28 - Valley View Casino Center, San Diego, CA, USA2017.11.29 - The Forum, Inglewood, CA, USA 2018.06.03 - Olympiastadion, Berlin, Germany 2018.06.06 - Dyrskuepladsen, Odense, Denmark 2018.06.09 - Download festival, Donington, England 2018.06.12 - Veltins Arena, Gelsenkirchen, Germany 2018.06.15 - Firenze Rocks, Firenze, Italy 2018.06.18 - Download Festival, Paris, France 2018.06.21 - Graspop Metal Meeting, Dessel, Belgium 2018.06.24 - Maimarktgelände, Mannheim, Germany 2018.06.26 - Matmut Stadion, Bordeaux, France 2018.06.29 - Download Festival, Madrid, Spain 2018.07.01 - Estadio Olympico, Barcelona, Spain 2018.07.04 - Goffertpark, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 2018.07.07 - Festwiese, Leipzig, Germany 2018.07.09 - Stadion Slaski, Chorzow, Poland 2018.07.13 - Otkritie Arena, Moscow, Russia 2018.07.16 - Tallinn Song Festival Ground, Tallinn, Estland 2018.07.19 - Valle Hovin, Oslo, Norway 2018.07.21 - Ullevi Stadion, Gothenburg, Sweden2018.07.24 - Laugardalsvollur, Reykjavik, Iceland 2018.11.03 - Parque Fundidora, Monterrey, Mexico 2018.11.08 - GBK Stadium, Jakarta, Indonesia 2018.11.11 - Phillippine Arena, Bulacan, Phillippines 2018.11.14 - Surf Beach, Sunway Lagoon, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2018.17.14 - Taoyuan International Baseball Stadium, Taipei, Taiwan 2018.11.20 - Asia World Expo Arena, Hong Kong, China 2018.11.21 - Asia World Expo Arena, Hong Kong, China 2018.11.25 - Du Arena, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates 2018.11.29 - FNB Stadium, Johannesburg, South Africa2018.12.08 - Aloha Stadium, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA 2019.09.21 - Hollywood Palladium, Los Angeles, CA, USA 2019.09.25 - Spectrum Center, Charlotte, NC, USA 2019.09.28 - Louder Than Life Festival, Louisville, KY, USA 2019.10.01 - Vystar Arena, Jacksonville, FL, USA 2019.10.04 - Austin City Limits Festival, Austin, TX, USA 2019.10.07 - Intrust Bank Arena, Wichita, KS, USA 2019.10.11 - Austin City Limits Festival, Austin, TX, USA2019.10.13 - Exit 111 Festival, Manchester, TN, USA 2019.10.15 - Pinnacle Bank Arena, Lincoln, NE, USA2019.10.18 - Estadio Jalisco, Guadajalara, Mexico 2019.10.20 - Fronterizo Fest, Tijuana, Mexico 2019.10.23 - Chesapeake Energy Arena, Oklahoma City, OK, USA 2019.10.25 - Voodoo Festival, New Orleans, LA, USA 2019.10.29 - Vivint Smart Home Arena, Salt Lake City, UT, USA 2019.11.01 - Colosseum at Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, NV, USA2019.11.02 - Colosseum at Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, NV, USA2020.01.31 - Bud Light Super Bowl Music Fest, AmericanAirlines Arena, Miami, FL, USA2020.03.15 - Vive Latino Festival, Mexico City, Mexico 2020.03.18 - Estadio Ricardo Saprissa, San Jose, Costa Rica2020.03.21 - Estadio Olimpico Atahualpa, Quito, Equador2020.03.24 - Estadio Universidad San Marcos, Lima, Peru 2020.03.27 - Lollapalooza, Parque O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile 2020.03.29 - Lollapalooza, Hipódromo de San Isidro, Argentina 2020.04.03 - Lollapalooza, São Paulo, Brazil2020.04.05 - Estedio Picnic, Campo de Golf Briceño 18, Bogotá, Colombia 2020.04.11 - Hard Rock Hotel & Casino, Punta Cana, Dominican Republic 2020.05.20 - Passeio Martimo De Alges, Lisbon, Portugal 2020.05.23 - Estadio Benito Villamarin, Seville, Spain 2020.05.26 - Olympiastadion, Munich, Germany 2020.05.29 - Tottenham Hotspur Stadium, London, England 2020.05.30 - Tottenham Hotspur Stadium, London, England 2020.06.02 - Volksparkstadion, Hamburg, Germany 2020.06.06 - Sweden Rock Festival, Solvesborg, Sweden 2020.06.09 - Ernst Happel Stadium, Vienna, Austria 2020.06.12 - Firenze Rocks, Firenze, Italy 2020.06.14 - Stade de Suisse, Bern, Switzerland 2020.06.17 - PGE Narodowy, Warzaw, Poland 2020.06.19 - Letnany Airport, Prague, Czech Republic 2020.06.21 - Pinkpop, Landgraaf, Netherlands 2020.06.27 - Marlay Park, Dublin, Ireland
CHOOSE AN ARTICLE OR INTERVIEW (1985-1990)1985.03.22 - L.A. Weekly - [Mention of the formation of the band]1985.03.24 - KPFK Los Angeles1985.06.14 - L.A. Weekly - [Mention of the band]1985.11.22 - L.A. Weekly - [Mention of police raid at show]1985.12.DD - Guns N' Roses Newsletter #11986.01.DD - Guns N' Roses Newsletter #21986.02.09 - Los Angeles Times - In The Wings...1986.02.DD - Guns N' Roses Newsletter #31986.03.05 - Letter from Tom Zutaut to Vicky Hamilton 1986.03.26 - Copy of advance payment check from Geffen Records to the band1986.03.DD - Guns N' Roses Newsletter #41986.04.11 - BAM Magazine 1986.04.14 - Music Connection (Axl, Izzy, Slash, Duff, Steven)1986.05.31 - L.A. Weekly - [Guns N' Roses - Paul Stanley mention]1986.05.DD - Concert Shots - Guns N' Roses Think They're Tough (Axl, Slash, Izzy, Steven)1986.06.24 - Austin Daily Texan - California Glam Quartet Poison Invades the Back Room1986.06.27 - L.A. Weekly - L.A. Rocks: The Big Bang Theory (Axl, Slash, Izzy, Duff) 1986.07.06 - Los Angeles Times - Guns & Roses: Bad Boys Give It Their Best Shot (Axl, Izzy, Duff)1986.07.07 - Music Connection (Short article)1986.07.DD - Guns N' Roses Newsletter #51986.08.04 - Music Connection - Axl's letter (Axl)1986.08.10 - Daily Press - Bad-to-the-bone rocker (Axl)1986.08.18 - Music Connection - Vicky Hamilton's letter1986.08.22 - L.A. ROCKS - Interview with the band (Axl, Slash, Izzy, Duff, Steven)1986.09.07 - Chicago Tribune - Here’s a flash from rockdom: Glam [or glitter, if you prefer] resurfaces1986.09.12 - L.A. Weekly (Axl, Zutaut)1986.12.DD - Press release for Live?!*@ Like A Suicide1986.12.DD - KNAC [Audio] (Axl, Izzy, Duff, Slash, Steven)1986.12.DD - RIP Magazine - Fresh Blood1986.12.DD - Guns N' Roses Newsletter #61987.03.DD - Metal Edge - Rock on the Rise: Guns N' Roses (Slash) 1987.04.04 - Sounds Magazine - Raising Hell in the Cities of Angels (Axl, Izzy, Slash, Duff, Steven)1987.04.10 - Geffen press release for Appetite For Destruction (pro copy)1987.04.17 - L.A. Weekly (Slash, Duff) 1987.04.DD - Hit Parader - Latest L.A. Glam-Metal Unit Sets Out For Big Time (Axl, Izzy, Slash)1987.05.DD - Hit Parader - GN'R: The Next Big Thing? (Axl, Slash, Izzy) 1987.05.XX - RIP Magazine - Guns N’ Roses, Live Like A Lunatic (Axl, Izzy, Duff, Steven)1987.05(?).DD - Unknown UK publication1987.06.03 - Time Out (U.K.) - Clubbed To Death (Axl, Slash, Duff, Alan Niven) 1987.06.06 - Melody Maker - The Subterraneans1987.06.06 - Sounds Magazine - Firearms.../Single Of The Week1987.06.08 - The Star (U.K.) - More Beastly than the Beasties!1987.06.11 - Kerrang! - Colt Heroes (Axl, Izzy, Slash, Duff, Steven)1987.06.12 - L.A. Weekly - [Brawl at The Cathouse]1987.06.DD - Vinyl Interview - Appetite for Conversation (Slash, Duff) 1987.06.DD - Music Connection - The Ears of Vicky Hamilton 1987.06.DD - Interview with Axl and Slash, Unknown UK Source1987.06.DD - Unknown French publication - Guns N' Roses (Axl, Slash, Izzy, Duff, Steven)1987.07.11 - Record Mirror - Guns N' Roses (Axl, Izzy)1987.07.17 - L.A. Weekly (Slash) 1987.07.18 - Melody Maker - Shrink Rap (Axl)1987.07.17 - L.A. Weekly - Scoring The Clubs (Drunk Fux Show)1987.07.DD - Geffen press release for Appetite For Destruction (Axl, Slash, Izzy, Duff, Steven, Tom Zutaut)1987.07.DD - Hit Parader - Guns N' Roses: Street Tough (Axl, Slash)1987.08.07 - L.A. Weekly - [Party at the Cathouse]1987.08.21 - The Calgary Herald - Rockers revel in naughtiness on, off stage (Izzy)1987.08.25 - Edmonton Journal - Sex, rebellion, sex theme of Guns N’ Roses album (Izzy)1987.08.30 - The San Francisco Examiner - Wild-Living Rockers Bust Out of L.A. Gutter (Axl) 1987.08.DD - Endless Party Magazine - "It's A Jungle Out There!" (Axl, Slash, Izzy, Duff)1987.08.DD - Much Music (Duff, Steven)1987.08.DD - Musique Plus (Slash, Duff)1987.09.DD - Rock Scene - L.A.'s Newest Rock Hot Shots (Izzy, Axl, Slash, Duff, Steven) 1987.10.10 - Kerrang! Rumble from the Jungle 1987.10.09 - Super Channel - Interview with Slash and Izzy (Izzy, Slash)1987.10.17 - The Morning Call - Guns N' Roses: They are what they are (Slash) 1987.10.24 - MTV's Headbanger's Ball - (Axl, Izzy, Slash, Duff, Steven) 1987.10.24 - NME - Animal House - (Axl, Izzy, Slash) 1987.10.30 - MTV - Footage and interview after the CBGB show (Axl, Slash)1987.10.DD - Hard Rock Magazine - Guns & Roses (Axl, Slash, Duff)1987.11.21 - Interviews on Japanese TV [VIDEO] (Axl)1987.11.24 - MTV - A Night in the Jungle (Axl, Slash, Izzy, Duff, Steven)1987.11.XX - Bay Area Magazine - Raze Glam and Pass the Ammunition - (Axl, Slash, Izzy, Duff, Steven)1987.12.25 - L.A. Weekly (Steven)1987.12.26 - Interview by Steve Harris (Axl) 1987.12.DD - Bad To The Bone (Slash) [CONTAINS FABRICATED QUOTES!] 1988.01.08 - Rock City News - Guns & Roses Conquer L.A.!! (Slash, Duff, Axl, Izzy)1988.01.08 - L.A. Weekly - [Axl/Drunk Fux show]1988.01.15 - L.A. Weekly - [Show with Guns N' Roses members] 1988.01.22 - L.A. Weekly (Duff)1988.01.29 - L.A. Weekly - [Axl/Drunk Fux/Show at the Cathouse]1988.01.DD - Spin - Future Shock (Axl, Duff)1988.02.19 - L.A. Weekly - Show ad (Duff)1988.02.28 - Los Angeles Times - And now here's the news (Axl)1988.03.25 - L.A. Weekly (Slash, Duff) 1988.03.DD - Hit Parader (Axl, Slash, Izzy, Duff, Steven)1988.04.15 - L.A. Weekly - L.A. Weekly Rock Music Awards1988.04.16 - Blast! - Guns N' Roses' Slash: A Superb Soulful Rock Guitarist 1988.04.22 - L.A. Weekly (Duff)1988.04.24 - Quad City Times - Guns & Roses tames down video (Slash)1988.04.28 - The Burlington Hawk Eye - Guns N' Roses Tells It Straight (Duff) 1988.04.30 - Journal and Courier - Hard rocking Guns N' Roses shoots from hip (Slash)1988.04.DD - Scene Magazine - Comfortable on top (Slash)1988.04.DD - Rock Scene - Soft As A Petal/Sharp As A Thorn (Axl) 1988.04.DD - Popular 1 - Interview with Axl 1988.04.DD - Headbangers Ball - Slash and Duff interview with Megadeth (Slash, Duff) 1988.05.06 - Detroit Free Press - Guns 'n' Roses blazes crude route to the top (Slash)1988.05.14 - MTV Headbanger's Ball - Interview clips (Axl, Slash)1988.05.28 - Blast! - Are They or Aren't Day (Axl) 1988.05.31 - Circus Magazine - One-on-one with Guns N' Roses' Slash 1988.05.31 - Circus Magazine - Jungle Rhythms with Guns N' Roses' Steve Adler 1988.05.DD - Spin - Days of Guns N' Roses (Axl, Slash, Izzy, Duff)1988.05.DD - Much Music - Interview with Slash and Duff1988.06.03 - L.A. Weekly (Duff)1988.06.10 - L.A. Weekly - Bad Boys, Great Noize (Axl, Slash, Duff)1988.06.17 - L.A. Weekly (Axl, Slash, Izzy) 1988.06.DD - Metal Edge - Smokin' Guns N' Roses Interview (Axl) 1988.06.DD - Rock Scene Magazine (Axl)1988.06.DD - Guns N' Roses: The Interview picture disc (Slash)1988.06.DD - RIP Magazine - Guns N' Roses On The Stairway To Rock Heaven (Axl, Slash, Izzy, Duff)1988.07.03 - The Calgary Herald - Guns N' Roses' Slash1988.07.11 - KLOS Rockline - Interview (Slash, Izzy, Duff) 1988.07.30 - Kerrang! - Ramblin' Rose (Slash) 1988.07.31 - Los Angeles Times - 'Guns' Hang On 50 Weeks and Now Smell Like Roses (Alan Niven)1988.07.DD - Conspiracy Incorporated Fan Club Newsletter 1988.08.01 -Metal Hammer - Jungle Fever Mounts for Guns N' Roses 1988.08.12 - The Baltimore Sun - Guns N' Roses (Slash)1988.08.20 - Sounds - Gun Law: The War of the Roses 1988.08.DD - Rock Scene - Knock, Knock, Knockin' on Hell's Door (Slash, Duff) 1988.08.20 - Unknown publication - Backstage with Slash and Duff of GN'R (Slash, Duff)1988.08.DD - TV footage around Monsters of Rock [VIDEO] (Axl)1988.08.DD - TV interview around Monsters of Rock (Axl)1988.08.DD - KJJO105 (Axl) 1988.08.DD - Screamer - Welcome to Their Jungle1988.09.03 - Melody Maker - The Rocky Horror Picture Show (Slash)1988.09.16 - L.A. Weekly - [MTV Awards] 1988.09.30 - L.A. Weekly (Axl, Slash)1988.09.DD - Circus Magazine - Inside Guns N' Roses' Explosive Success (Izzy, Duff) 1988.09.DD - Guitar For The Practising Musician - In the Classic Way (Izzy) 1988.09.DD - Guitar For The Practising Musician - In the Classic Way (Slash)1988.10.14 - L.A. Weekly (Axl)1988.10.DD - Geffen press release for the success of Appetite For Destruction (Axl, Slash, Izzy, Duff, Steven) 1988.10.DD - Hit Parader (Slash, Duff)1988.10.DD - MTV (Slash, Duff)1988.11.17 - Rolling Stone - Some Bad Boys That Are Good1988.11.18 - L.A. Weekly (Axl, Slash, Duff) 1988.11.DD - Geffen press release for GN'R Lies1988.11.DD - Circus Magazine - Putting Rebellion Back Into Rock (Slash, Izzy Duff) 1988.11.DD - Hit Parader - Kings of Sleaze Metal (Slash)1988.11.DD - Blast! - Axl Rose Explains How He Has Guns N’ Roses By the Throat!1988.11.DD - MTV - Interviews at Robert Williams' art exhibition (Axl, Duff, Slash) 1988.12.03 - Japanese TV [AUDIO] (Duff, Steven) 1988.12.07 - On The Street - Slash and the Cash (Slash) 1988.12.04 - Los Angeles Times - Guns N' Roses Living Up to Notoriety (Duff)1988.12.14 - Japanese TV - Fan art selection (Axl, Slash, Duff, Steven) [VIDEO]1988.12.16 - The Sydney Morning Herald - Bouncing Along The Road To Fame (Duff)1988.12.17 - Kerrang! - Why Do They Lie To Us? (Slash) 1988.12.17 - Juke - Fingers on the Destruct Button (Slash) 1988.12.22 - Altoona Mirror - Guns N' Roses Take Their Songs From the Street (Axl)1988.12.25 - Los Angeles Times - Taste Makers : Axl Rose (Axl) 1988.12.DD - Musician - If Guns N' Roses Are Outlawed Only Outlaws Will Have Guns N' Roses 1988.12.DD - Japanese TV (Slash, Duff)1988.12.DD - Japanese TV (Slash, Duff, Steven)1988.12.DD - Collection of TV clips (Aug-Dec, 1988) (Slash, Izzy, Duff, Axl)1988.12.DD - Spin Magazine - Musicians of the Year: Guns N' Roses1988.12.DD - Appetite For Destruction tour program (Japan)1988.MM.DD - A Rose By Any Other Name...Would Rock As Hard (Slash) 1988.MM.DD - Superstar Facts (Axl, Slash, Duff, Izzy, Steven)1989.01.20 - L.A. Weekly - [Axl, Slash, Steven/Drunk Fux]1989.01.DD - Metal Edge - Guns N' Roses Mailbag1989.02.06 - Axl on Howard Stern (Axl)1989.02.10 - L.A. Weekly (Axl)1989.02.18 - Kerrang! - [Short notice]1989.02.20 - People Magazine - Guns N' Trouble (Axl)1989.02.21/04.10 - Journal and Courier (Lafayette, IN.) - Readers' letters (Debate on Guns N' Roses)1989.02.24 - The Howard Stern radio show - Interview with Duff and Steven (Duff, Steven) /option>1989.02.24 - L.A. Weekly - Scoring The Clubs [Guns N' Roses members play benefit show]1989.02.DD - Circus Magazine Readers' Poll - Best New Group, LP (Duff)1989.02.DD - RIP Magazine - Aerosmith Meets Guns N' Roses (Doug Goldstein)1989.02.DD - Song Hits - Interview with Slash 1989.02.DD - Burrn! - Guns N' Roses in Japan (Axl, Slash, Izzy, Duff, Steven)1989.02.DD - Conspiracy Incorporated Fan Club Newsletters1989.03.15 - Journal and Courier - Guns N' Roses axed from AIDS benefit 1989.03.DD - Guitar World - Agony N' Excesses (Slash, Izzy) 1989.03.DD - Hit Parader - Band of the Year 1989.03.DD - Kerrang! - Story of GN'R (Axl, Slash, Izzy, Duff)1989.03.DD - Q Magazine - Bad Company1989.04.01 - New Musical Express - Slash 'N' Burn (Slash) 1989.04.15 - Kerrang! - Tales from Paradise City (Slash)1989.04.18 - MTV interview (Duff)1989.04.21 - L.A. Weekly (Axl) 1989.04.22 - Kerrang! - Gun in a Million (Slash)1989.04.28 - Hard N' Heavy Video Magazine (Axl)1989.04.DD - RIP - The World According to Axl Rose (Axl) 1989.04.DD - Blast! - Guns N' Roses Through The Years, Part II 1989.05.09 - The Edge - Thorns N' All 1989.05.19 - Goldmine Magazine - Welcome to the Jungle (Slash) 1989.05.31 - Circus Magazine - An Appetite for Controversy (Axl, Slash) 1989.05.DD - RAW Magazine - The Biggest Appetite for Destruction 1989.05.DD - Hit Parader - Lies, Lies, Lies1989.06.02 - L.A. Weekly (Axl) 1989.06.10 - Kerrang! - Man with a Sweet Child in His Eyes (Axl) 1989.06.10 - New Musical Express - G N' R for Donington? 1989.06.24 - New Musical Express - The Daze of Swine and Roses 1989.06.26 - Chicago Tribune - If You See GN'R In Chicago, Just Remember: You Didn't 1989.06.28 - Smash Hits - The Guns N' Roses Story 1989.06.30 - The News Journal - A GN'R Fan Now (Steven)1989.06.30 - L.A. Weekly (Slash, Duff)1989.06.DD - Faces - Wisdom of Slash (Slash)1989.06.DD - Patience CD single - W. Axl Rose interview (Axl) 1989.06.DD - Hit Parader - Wild In The Streets (Axl, Slash, Izzy, Duff, Steven) 1989.07.15 - Juke Magazine - The Strange Elusive World of Axl Rose (Axl)1989.07.20 - Rock Musicians Turning it Down (Axl) 1989.07.28 - Raw Magazine - Mad, Bad and Dangerous to Know? (Duff)1989.07.DD - Hit Parader - Guns N’ Roses Walk on the Wild Side (Slash, Duff)1989.07.DD - Circus - Up Close and Personal with Guns' Slash and Duff (Slash, Duff)1989.07.DD - MTV - Interview clips (Axl) 1989.08.05 - New Musical Express - Cult Jam with G N' R 1989.08.10 - Rolling Stone - The RS interview with Axl Rose (Axl)1989.08.31 - Arizona Daily Star - Rock Guitar Player Freed On Bail (Izzy)1989.08.DD - RIP Magazine - Slash, For The Record (Slash)1989.09.08 - Los Angeles Times - Feud Between Rockers Boils Over Backstage At MTV Awards (Izzy)1989.09.15 - L.A. Weekly - [MTV Awards] 1989.09.23 - Record Mirror - Shooting to Thrill (Slash)1989.09.29 - L.A. Weekly (Axl) 1989.09.DD - Circus - Duff: The "Normal" Member? (Duff)1989.09.DD - Creem Close-Up Metal - Guns-A-Blazin! (Axl) 1989.10.15 - Los Angeles Times - Behind The Guns N' Roses Racisms Furor1989.10.15 - Los Angeles Times - Guns N' Posers: L.A. Hard Rock Evolves1989.10.18 - Arizona Republic - Izzy fined for crime(Izzy) 1989.10.DD - Rock Scene - Axl Rose Speaks! (Axl) 1989.10.DD - Rock Scene - The Shocking Truth (Robert John, Chris Weber) 1989.10.DD - The Face - The Daze of Guns N' Roses (Izzy)1989.10.DD - Creem Close-Up Metal - An intimate chat with Slash 1989.11.04 - Sounds Magazine - Dancing with Mr Brownstone 1989.11.04 - MTV Guns N' Roses Documentary1989.11.12 - The Munster Times - Steve Jones: Still plenty of punk in this old pistol (Axl)1989.11.24 - Chicago Tribune - Album marks the hard-rock return of Michael Monroe (Axl)1989.11.24 - L.A. Weekly (Axl, Slash, Duff)1989.12.15 - L.A. Weekly (Axl, Slash)1989.12.17 - MTV - News Report (Axl, Izzy, Slash)1989.12.DD - Rock Scene - Hangin' with Izzy Stradlin 1989.MM.DD - MTV interview (Axl) 1989.MM.DD - Faces - No More Mr. Bad Boy (Slash, Duff) 1989.MM.DD - Hot Metal - Guns N' Roses Ask Aussie Legend to Join 1989.MM.DD - Rapido - Interview segments (Duff)1990.01.12 - L.A. Weekly -[Drunk Fux]1990.01.19 - L.A. Weekly (Duff, Axl)1990.01.21 - MTV - Short interview with Steven1990.01.22 - Press conference after the American Music Awards (Slash, Duff) 1990.01.25 - Los Angeles Times - GNR Language on ABC Draws Heat1990.02.DD - RIP Magazine - Slash: Under The Black Hat 1990.02.DD - Metal Hammer - No Bed of Roses (Slash) 1990.03.03 - Kerrang! - "I Wish We'd Never Played Donington '88" (Duff) 1990.03.14 - Los Angeles Times - Geffen Records Sold in $550-Million Deal1990.03.30 - L.A. Weekly (Steven)1990.04.18 - Raw Magazine - Wearing Flippers in the Sand (Slash, Duff)1990.04.21/28 - Kerrang! - Stick To Your Guns (Axl) 1990.05.03 - Aiken Standard - Chauffeur Witness to Marriage (Axl) 1990.05.21 - People Magazine (Axl)1990.05.25 - Los Angeles Times (Axl) 1990.05.DD - Hot Metal - Adler Out of Guns N' Roses1990.05.DD - Conspiracy Incorporated Fan Club Newsletter1990.06.01 - L.A. Weekly (Axl, Duff)1990.07.DD - Unknown source - Video interview with Axl 1990.07.DD - The Howard Stern show - Interview with Axl and Sebastian Bach (Axl)1990.08.04 - Kerrang! - GN'R: This time it's 'Civil War'1990.08.24 - L.A. Weekly (Matt) 1990.08.27 - People Magazine - A Thorn In Rose's Side (Axl)1990.08.31 - MTV - Famous Last Words (Axl) 1990.08.DD - Hot Metal - Guns N' Who?1990.08.DD - Car Audio Electronics - Axl Rose Rocks Out (Axl)1990.09.06 - The Dispatch - Phtotographer sues rock band1990.09.07 - L.A. Weekly (Axl)1990.09.28 - L.A. Weekly (Axl)1990.10.19 - L.A. Weekly (Duff)1990.10.26 - AP/The Courier - Guns N' Roses Files Suit Against K mart1990.10.30 - MTV - Interview about the "wine bottle incident" (Axl)1990.10.30/12.05 - Los Angeles Times - Reports on the "wine bottle incident" (Axl)1990.10.DD - Guitar World - Rumors, tall tales, strange stories -- all are part of the Guns N' Roses mystique (Slash)1990.11.03 - Melody Maker - Guns Blaze Back 1990.11.10 - Melody Maker - Axl Arrested for Assault (Axl) 1990.11.19 - People Magazine - A Neighbor Says Axl Rose Hit Her with a Wine Bottle, and He Says She's Got a Corkscrew Loose (Axl)1990.11.26 - Cedar Rapids Gazette - Axl Finds a Home on the Hill1990.11.DD - Spin - Bad To The Bone (Axl) 1990.12.06 - Daily Herald Suburban Chicago - Axl, Fed-Up Neighbor Work Out A Deal 1990.12.DD - Musician - Call me Slash! (Slash)
CHOOSE AN ARTICLE OR INTERVIEW (1991-1994)1991.01.09 - RAW - Dream On!1991.01.12 - The New York Times - Lennon's Son Expands a Song of Peace (Duff)1991.01.24 - Rolling Stone - On Axl Rose, Drugs and the Next Album (Slash)1991.01.31 - The Daily Press - Guns N' Lawsuits (Axl)1991.01.DD - MTV Rock in Rio Special (Axl, Slash, Izzy, Duff) 1991.01.DD - VOX - War of the Roses (Slash) 1991.02.02 - The Indianapolis News (Axl) 1991.02.09/16/23 - Kerrang - The Noize from Brazil1991.02.22 - L.A. Weekly (Axl)1991.02.DD - Select Magazine - LA Law and Disorder (Slash) 1991.03.17 - Los Angeles Times - Wanna talk to Axl? Just sign right here (Alan Niven)1991.03.30 - Kerrang! - Price is right1991.05.03 - L.A. Weekly (Axl)1991.05.19 - Chicago Tribune - Guns N' Roses reborn (Matt)1991.05.22 - Dayton Daily News (Axl)1991.05.25 - MTV - Interview with Slash (Slash)1991.05.25 - MTV - Interview with Axl (Axl) 1991.05.24/25 - MTV - News Report and interview clips from East Troy, WI (Duff, Matt, Dizzy) 1991.05.26 - Detroit Free Press - Under the Gun (Duff) 1991.05.26 - Journal and Courier - Roses, Rumors, Riches1991.05.DD - The Howard Stern Show (Duff) 1991.05.DD - Metal Muscle - Working Up A Sweat1991.05.DD - Hit Parader - Guns N' Roses Out Of Control1991.06.01 - Geffen press release [incomplete] - Guns N' Roses don't require the media contracts rumored1991.06.03 - New York Magazine - Axl Rose Sings Tunes by Teleprompter1991.06.03 -AP/Palladium Item - Guns Ν' Roses rockers fined for concert curfew violation1991.06.09 - Los Angeles Times - To Geffen, the Leak of 'Bad Apple' Has a Rotten Core1991.06.DD - RIP - The Illusion of Greatness (Slash, Duff)1991.06.DD - Spin Magazine - No Appetite for Criticism (GN'R contract for the press)1991.07.04 - The St. Louis Post-Dispatch - Bad Vibes 1991.07.09-12 - The St. Louis Post-Dispatch - Various reports (lawsuits)1991.07.10 - Geffen press release about Dallas show and St. Louis riot (Doug Goldstein)1991.07.11 - Los Angeles Times - Rockers Roll On as Probe Continues1991.07.12 - Seattle Times - Seattle concert a homecoming for Guns bassist (Duff)1991.07.13 - Kerrang! - Guns down and out of control!1991.07.20 - Kerrang - Singlez/GN'R latest news update: no 'Illusion' 'til September?1991.07.21 - Los Angeles Times - Run N' Gun (Axl)1991.07.21 - Vidette Messenger - Ex-drummer sues Axl Rose, others (Steven)1991.07.23 - The Home News/Orange County Register - New 'Guns' Drummer Defends Axl Rose (Matt)1991.07.25 - Wisconsin State Journal/LA Daily News - Guns N' Roses: Life on edge (Matt)1991.07.27 - Kerrang - "We're Still F@*ked Up!" (Slash, Duff)1991.07.DD - ROCKbeat Magazine - Guns N' Roses: The Grand Illusion (Slash) 1991.07.DD - RAW - Guns Shoot at Mercury 1991.07.DD - Much Music - Interview (Duff, Matt, (Axl))1991.07.DD - Q - Tears Before Bedtime (Slash)1991.07.DD - Conspiracy Incorporated Fan Club Newsletter1991.08.03 - Kerrang - "The Kids They Know The Truth..." (Slash, Duff)1991.08.03 - Melody Maker - White riot! (Slash) 1991.08.05 - New York Magazine - Gush N' Roses1991.08.08 - The St. Louis Post-Dispatch - Axl Rose Charged In Riot 1991.08.08 - Los Angeles Times - Inglewood to Cite Axl Rose's Driver1991.08.09 - Entertainment Weekly - Guns N' Roses: Out of control 1991.08.09 - Entertainment Weekly - 22 Minutes of Music Per Year1991.08.10 - Melody Maker - Rising from the Ruins (Slash) 1991.08.16- L.A. Weekly - Table Manners1991.08.20 - Press conference in Denmark (Slash, Duff, Matt) 1991.08.22 - Rolling Stone - Fans Riot at Guns Show1991.08.25 - The Observer - Danger lurks beyond the doors1991.08.27 - Muncie Evening Press - Akron college student wins right to evict rocker Axl Rose1991.08.DD - Finnish television (Duff)1991.08.DD - Aktuellt SVT (Swedish TV) - Interview with Slash 1991.08.DD - Danish TV - Interview with Slash1991.08.DD - The Age/Independent on Sunday - The Terrifying New Face of Rock N' Roll (Slash)1991.09.04 - Geffen letter to the media (Upcoming release of the Use Your Illusion albums1991.09.04 - Geffen press release about the upcoming Use Your Illusion albums1991.09.09 - Rolling Stone - Outta Control (Axl, Slash, Duff, Matt)1991.09.12 - The Guardian - The heavy petals (Slash)1991.09.13 - Altoona Mirror - [Untitled]1991.09.14 - MTV - News Report (Get in the Ring, St. Louis)1991.09.18 - Los Angeles Times - Marketing Triumph for Guns N' Roses1991.09.20 - Entertainment Weekly - Axl Rose fights back1991.09.20 - L.A. Weekly (Duff) 1991.09.21 - Kerrang! - Izzy Stradlin' Quits Band 1991.09.24 -Los Angeles Times - Guitarist Stradlin May Stop Touring With Guns N' Roses1991.09.29 - MTV - News Report (Use Your Illusion albums)1991.09.DD - Geffen press release - Release of Use Your Illusion I & II (Slash, Duff, Matt) 1991.09.DD - RIP - Here Today Gone To Hell (Axl)1991.09.DD - Musician - There's A Riot Going On (Axl) 1991.09.DD - Rip It Up - Slash 1991.09.DD - WNEW 102.7 (Axl, Slash, Duff, Matt, Dizzy) [Incomplete radio transcript]1991.09.DD - MTV - Interview with Slash (Slash)1991.09.DD - Spin - Guns N' Neuroses (Axl)1991.09.DD - MTV - GN'R Use Your Illusion Special (Axl, Slash, Matt, Dizzy)1991.09.DD - Rapido (French TV) - Guns N' Roses Special (Slash, Duff, Matt) 1991.10.01 - Village Voice - Guns N' Roses: Wimps 'R' Us1991.10.03 - The Indianapolis News - Going from guns to gauntlets1991.10.04 - L.A. Weekly - Guns N' Roses: Up From Nowhere1991.10.10 - Anaheim Bulletin - Rock's Doc 1991.10.20 - Indianapolis Star - Rebel Rocker Axl Rose Wasn't Always The Rage 1991.10.26 - Kerrang! - Adler Strikes Back...Roses left Reeling 1991.10.27 - Los Angeles Times - Rekindling the Fire 1991.10.31 - Circus - Steven Adler Blasts Guns N' Axl Rose (Steven)1991.10.31 - Circus - Axl Rose mocked/Fightin’ words from Vince Neil1991.10.DD - Vox - Welcome to my nightmare (Izzy) 1991.10.DD - Raw Magazine - Crazy, Crazy Nights (Slash)1991.10.DD - Conspiracy Incorporated Fan Club Newletter 1991.11.07 - A Current Affair - "Don't You Come Home, Bill Bailey" 1991.11.08 - L.A. Weekly - Choice Entertainments (Axl)1991.11.16 - Los Angeles Times - O.C. Guitarist to Join Rock's Black Crowes (excerpt)1991.11.17 - Music Life - Slash Speaks (Slash) 1991.11.25 - Orlando Sentinel - Supermodel Stephanie Says Goodbye To Axl Rose 1991.11.27 - Rockline - Interview with Axl (Axl) 1991.11.DD - Circus Magazine - The adventure of Duff & his guns (Duff) 1991.12.05 - The Boston Globe - A Slashing Defense of Guns N' Roses (Slash) 1991.12.06 - The Star Press (Axl)1991.12.06 - L.A. Weekly - A Night Out With The Nymphs (Tom Zutaut) 1991.12.08 - New York Times Magazine - Turning Rock Into Gold1991.12.11 - New York Daily News - Broken Axl1991.12.16 - The Philadelphia Inquirer - A more in-control Guns N' Roses? (Slash) 1991.12.21 - Orlando Sentinel - How To Win Her Back (Axl) 1991.12.27 - Entertainment Weekly - The Entertainers 1991: Axl Rose1991.12.27 - St. Petersburg Times - Slash Cuts Loose (Slash)1991.12.29 - Los Angeles Times - Hot Property (Slash)1991.12.31 - Circus Magazine - Guns N' Roses' Year Of Painful Living 1991.12.DD - Guitar Player - The hands behind the hype (Slash) 1991.12.DD - Hot Metal - I Was the Scaregoat for Guns N' Roses (Steven) 1991.12.DD - RAW - Izzy Quits! It's Official 1991.MM.DD - Hard N' Heavy Video Magazine - Guns N' Roses: 7 Days in Rio (Slash, Duff, Matt) 1991.MM.DD - Unknown source (Izzy) 1991.MM.DD - Press Release from Steven (Steven)1991.05.DD - Sky - Guns N' Roses1991.MM.DD - Excerpts from various interviews with members of Nirvana1992.01.05 - The Dispatch/Rolling Stone - A year of routine tumult for Guns N’ Roses1992.01.10 - Dayton Daily News - Interview with Slash (Slash)1992.01.21 - Star Tribune - Life with Guns N' Roses (Slash) 1992.02.02 - LA Daily News/The Indianapolis Star - Former Gunner Fires Back At Band (Steven)1992.02.11 - MTV - News Report (Dizzy)1992.02.27 - The St. Louis Post-Dispatch - Untitled (lawsuit) 1992.02.DD - Video interview from Japan (Duff)1992.02.DD - Guitar World - Smoking gun (Slash)1992.03.04 - Raw Magazine - Shattering your illusions (Slash)1992.03.13 - New York Daily News - Slash bottles deal (Slash)1992.03.15 - Los Angeles Times - Will Axl Say He's Sorry? ACT UP Applies Pressure1992.03.DD - Hit Parader - Mad at the world (Axl) 1992.03.DD - Rip - Guns N' Roses from the inside (Axl, Slash, Duff) 1992.03.DD - MTV Rockline - Interview with Slash1992.03.DD - Conspiracy Incorporated Fan Club Newsletter1992.04.02 - Rolling Stone - The GN'R leader discusses his appetite for destruction (Axl) 1992.04.06 - New York Magazine - Rose Goes Gunning for Good Coverage1992.04.12 - Detroit Free Press - Guns N' Roses Guitarist Cuts Right To The Heart (Slash) 1992.04.12 - Chicago Tribune/AP/The St. Louis Post Dispatch - Reports (Axl)1992.04.15 - The St. Louis Post-Dispatch - Dodging County Is Costing Axl Rose1992.04.20 - MTV - Interview with Slash backstage at the Freddie Mercury Tribute concert1992.04.20 - Super Channel - Backstage interviews at the Freddie Mercury Tribute concert (Slash, Duff)1992.04.27 - People Magazine (Slash)1992.04.29 - The Howard Stern Show - Phone call from Slash1992.04.30 - The Howard Stern Show - Phone call from Slash [incomplete] 1992.04.DD - Guitar for the practising musician (Slash, Duff) 1992.04.DD - Guitar Magazine - No illusions (Slash, Duff) 1992.05.16 - Kerrang! - My Fight to Remain Sane and Successful! (Slash)1992.05.16 - L'Unità - "Don't call us bad boys" (Slash, Duff) 1992.05.20 - Czechoslovakian TV (Slash, Soundgarden, Faith No More)1992.05.21 - MTV - Interviews in Prague (Slash, Duff, Matt, Gilby)1992.05.23 - Kerrang - "I Would Have Said No To Guns N' Roses!" (Tracii Guns) 1992.05.30 - Melody Maker - Knockin' On Britain's Door (Slash) 1992.05.DD - The Interview Magazine (Axl) 1992.05.DD - MTV Headbanger's Ball video interview (Slash) 1992.05.DD - Countdown - Interview with Slash (Slash)1992.05.DD - Use Your Illusion Tour program (Europe) 1992.06.06 - Fully illustrated book & interview disc (Slash) 1992.06.06 - Kerrang - Izzy fires back at Guns1992.06.06/07 - MTV -Interviews in Paris (Slash, Duff, Matt, Gilby)1992.06.08 - The Liverpool Echo - Gunners proud to be the baddies (Slash)1992.06.10 - The Springfield News Leader - Guns Ν’ Roses cancels (Axl)1992.06.12 - The Newcastle Journal - Slash n’ sex n’ drugs n’ rock n' roll (Slash)1992.06.22 - People Magazine - Axl To Grind1992.06.24 - The St. Louis Post-Dispatch - Untitled (lawsuit)1992.06.26 - Star Tribune - Guns N' Minneapolis1992.06.27 - Videomusic (Italy) - Interviews (Slash, Duff, Matt, Gilby) 1992.06.DD - Hit Parader (Duff) 1992.06.DD - Musician - Shadow boxing with Axl Rose (Axl) 1992.06.DD - Musician - Slash shows his face (Slash) 1992.06.DD - Sputnik (Canal 33 - Catalan TV) - Interview with Slash1992.06.DD - Press Release - Booths by charities and activists at summer shows1992.07.10 - The St. Louis Post-Dispatch - Lloyd’s Of London Sues Axl Rose1992.07.10-16 - The St. Louis Post-Dispatch - Reports (Axl)1992.07.12 - The Baltimore Sun - Great records can’t excuse the behavior of groups like Guns N’ Roses — can they?1992.07.12/14 - MTV - Reports and interviews (Axl, Slash) 1992.07.13 - New York Daily News - Guns N' Roses Rocker Nabbed at JFK1992.07.13 - Rockline - Interview with Slash and Lars from Metallica (Slash)1992.07.14 - MTV - Interview with Slash and Lars Ulrich (Slash) 1992.07.17 - MTV - Interviews at RFK Stadium (Duff, Matt, Gilby)1992.07.17 - MTV Special - Guns N' Roses - Past, Present N' Future1992.07.18 - The Washington Post - Fans N' Roses: A Heavy Metal Diet (Slash)1992.07.19 - Detroit Free Press - Guns and Metallica stage metal assault (Slash)1992.07.20 - MTV - Interview with Slash (Slash)1992.07.21 - Journal and Courier - Lafayette teens reflect on city’s most infamous favorite son1992.07.21 - The Indianapolis Star - Rockin' Hard (Matt, Gilby)1992.07.29 - New York Daily News - What triggers Guns N’ Roses’ Duff McKagan (Duff)1992.07.29 - Greenville News - Pedal to the "Metal" (Gilby)1992.07.30 - New York Daily News - Homestead act of ’921992.07.30 - The Boston Globe - Testing Their Metal (Slash, Hammett)1992.07.31 - The Boston Globe - Axl Rose reins in his savage image1992.07.31 - The Boston Globe - Lisa Maxwell: From Berklee to Guns Ν’ Roses1992.07.31 - The Atlanta Constitution/The Buffalo News - Guns N' Bruises (Duff)1992.07.31 - Journal and Courier - Axl Overload1992.07.DD - Guitarist Magazine - Gun Law (Slash)1992.08.04 - Star Tribune - Guns N’ Roses and Metallica bring different worldviews (Duff, Hetfield)1992.08.09 - Los Angeles Times - Rock's Dream Team 1992.08.09 - Los Angeles Times - Views from inside rock's dream team (Slash) 1992.08.09 - Much Music - In The Ring with Guns N' Roses (Slash, Duff, Gilby, Dizzy) 1992.08.13 - Press Republican (Duff)1992.08.13 - Lakeland Ledger (Gilby)1992.08.23 - The Akron Beacon Journal/Hollywood Reporter - Rose may shoot for career in movies (Axl) 1992.08.27 - El Paso Times - Metal mayhem hits Las Cruces (Duff)1992.09.01 - Details Magazine - U2 Anew [excerpts] (Axl)1992.09.05 - Kerrang! - The man who quit Guns N' Roses (Izzy) 1992.09.09-11 - Rip - I, Axl (Axl) 1992.09.09 - MTV - Interview with Axl (Axl)1992.09.12 - Kerrang! - Hell hounds (Izzy) 1992.09.24 - Los Angeles Times - Ice-T Is Vetoed from 2 Guns Shows (Axl) 1992.09.25 - Entertainment Weekly - Nirvana Bashing1992.09.26 - The Gazette/Orange County Register - Interview with Duff1992.09.DD - MTV - GN'R & Metallica: Live and Loud1992.09.DD - MTV - Interview with Izzy (Izzy)1992.09.DD - Metal Hammer - No more patience? (Izzy) 1992.09.DD - Rock & Folk Interview (Izzy) 1992.09.DD - Australian TV - Interview with Slash and Gilby1992.10.10 - Melody Maker - Izzy: 'Why I left Guns N' Roses' 1992.10.15 - Unknown Japanese publication - Audio interview with Izzy1992.10.26 - People Magazine - Gowns N' Roses (Slash)1992.10.29 - Rolling Stone - Life after Guns N' Roses (Izzy) 1992.10.31 - Rock and Roll Dilemmas - The acid test of heavy metal morals (Izzy) 1992.10.DD - Guns N' Roses Partnership contract (Memorandum of Agreement)1992.10.DD - MTV - Interview with Slash1992.10.DD - In Your Face - Interview with Dizzy 1992.11.07/10/11 - The St. Louis Post-Dispatch - Reports (Criminal case trial) (Axl)1992.11.11 - Raw Magazine - Interview with Izzy1992.11.26 - Televen (Venezuela) - Guns N' Roses Special (Duff)1992.11.DD - Rock Star - Hound dog (Izzy) 1992.11.DD - Musician (Izzy) 1992.11.DD - Guitar World - Trial by fire (Slash, Gilby) 1992.11.DD - Hot Metal - I Just Wanna Surf (Izzy) 1992.11.DD - Guitar for the Practising Musician - Guitar from the gut (Slash) 1992.11.DD - Popular 1 - Izzy Recounts His Experiences With Guns N' Roses1992.11.DD - Music Express - Interview with Izzy1992.11.DD - Conspiracy Incorporated Fan Club Newsletter1992.12.04 - The San Francisco Examiner/Reuter - Guns N' Roses cleared in Chilean drug search1992.12.04 - Telefe (Argentinian TV) - Interview with Slash1992.12.04 - Press Conference in Argentina (Axl, Slash, Duff)1992.12.04 - Telefe (Argentinian TV) - Interview with Axl1992.12.05 - Metallix - Axl gets in the ring (Axl) 1992.12.05 - Kerrang! (Izzy) 1992.12.11 - The Pantagraph/Associated Press - Police charge Rose with endangering lives1992.12.11 - MTV Brazil - Sao Paulo special (Duff, Matt, Slash)1992.12.13 - Los Angeles Times - Heavy Metal's Silver Lining (Axl)1992.12.DD - The Times - [Article on the South American tour] 1992.12.DD - Life Magazine - On the road with Guns N' Roses1992.MM.DD - Modern Review - Axl Rose: The Mussolini of Mass Culture 1992.MM.DD - Heavy Mental no. 16 (Gilby) 1992.MM.DD - Metal Masters - Slash speaks (Slash)1992.MM.DD - Excerpts from various interviews with members of Faith No More1992.MM.DD - Excerpts from various interviews with members of Nirvana1992.MM.DD - Excerpts from various interviews with members of Soundgarden1992.MM.DD - Use Your Illusion Tour program1993.01.25 - Rockline (Izzy)1993.01.25 - Australian TV Channel 7 - Interview with Slash 1993.01.28-30 - Australian TV/Sydney Morning Herald - Press conference in Sydney (Slash, Duff)1993.01.29 - The Age - The Gunnas According to Saul (Slash)1993.01.DD - Guns N' Roses Australian Tour Special1993.01.DD - Japanese TV - Interviews with Slash and Duff1993.01.DD - Rip It Up - It's Duff at the Top (Duff)1993.02.01 - The Age - Gunnas get down to the heavy fever and filth (Gilby)1993.02.03 - Greensboro News & Record - Chef Mark on the road with Guns N' Roses1993.02.05 - The Boston Globe - Izzy Blazing Without Guns1993.02.14 - Detroit Free Press - Bands splinter, churn, go back to work (Izzy)1993.02.21 - Journal and Courier - Hey, hey, Mr. Ju Ju Man (Izzy)1992.02.21 - The Indianapolis Star - No stradlin' from Izzy1993.02.24 - Quad City Times - Izzy Crazy?1993.02.26 - Chicago Tribune - Izzy's Going Great Guns (Izzy)1993.02.26 - Star Tribune - Guns N’ Roses guitarist takes the lead (Izzy)1993.02.26 - Dayton Daily News - Analyzing Axl (Matt)1993.02.26 - The Cincinnati Enquirer - Staying out late with the bad boys (Gilby)1993.02.26 - Muncie Evening Press - New Guns N’ Roses guitarist no Axl Rose (Gilby)1993.02.DD - Gitarre & Bass - Izzy Stradlin: Without Guns N' Roses1993.02.DD - R/R Countdown - November Strain (Izzy)1993.03.02 - The Atlanta Constitution - Axl Rose cancels girlfriend, postpones concerts1993.03.04 - The Hartford Courant - Guns N' Roses, back to basics (Gilby)1993.03.05 - The Daily Journal - Rose, Seymour split 1993.03.12 - The Boston Globe - The Rude N' Rowdy Guns Tour (Duff) 1993.03.15 - Civil War Single/Making Fuckin' Boxes (Slash)1993.03.21 - Calgary Herald/The Hamilton Spectator - Slash says band still loves to perform1993.03.26 - Edmonton Journal - Guns N' Roses (Duff)1993.03.26 - Star Phoenix - Sorum says Gunners’ star lonely (Matt)1993.03.30 - The Vancouver Sun - Guns N' Roses’ new axeman fired up for the big time (Gilby)1993.03.DD - MTV - Interview with Duff (and his wife, Linda)1993.04.04 - Lincoln Journal Star - Guns N’ Roses does some growing up (Matt)1993.04.11- The Daily Spectrum - Stradlin can’t get handle on rock ’n’ roll lifestyle (Izzy)1993.04.DD - Kerrang! - Axl was a girl! (Duff)1993.04.DD - Rip - Single gun theory (Izzy)1993.05.13 - Foreword to "Guns N' Roses: The Photographic History" (Axl)1993.05.18 - The San Bernandino County - Izzy Stradlin called up to duty with GNR after guitarist hurt1993.05.21 - MTV News report and interviews (Slash, Duff)1993.05.28 - The Big Breakfast (Channel 4 UK) - Interview with Slash1993.05.31 - The O-Zone (BBC One) - Guns N' Roses in Athens (Slash, Duff, Matt, Dizzy)1993.05.DD - MTV - Guns N' Roses in Athens (Slash, Duff, Matt, Dizzy) 1993.05.DD - Guitar Playing Magazine - Unleash the hounds for real (Izzy)1993.05.DD - MTV Headbangers Ball - Interview with Gilby1993.05.DD - Use Your Illusion Tour program (Europe)1993.06.01 - The St. Louis Post-Dispatch - Axl’s Day In Court, Album 21993.06.10 - Daily Citizen - County seeks rock star Axl Rose for back taxes1993.06.13 - Swedish TV - Interview with Slash1993.06.22 - Don't Cry: Makin' F@*!ing Videos Part I1993.06.22 - November Rain: Makin' F@*!ing Videos Part II1993.06.23 - RAW magazine - "We're still turned on by one another" (Slash, Matt) 1993.06.DD - Hit Parader - Interview with Axl1993.06.DD - Pop & Rock - Welcome to Hell (Dizzy) 1993.07.17 - The Capital Times - Axl Rose pays Walworth tax bill1993.07.DD - Kerrang! - Duff Talks 1993.07.DD - Hit Parader (Axl)1993.08.19 - E! Cable TV News Report (Adler lawsuit trial)1993.08.21 - Star Phoenix - Slash says Adler put on ‘probation’ 1993.08.21 - Los Angeles Times - Guns N' Roses Manager Tells of Drummer's Exit1993.08.23 - Excerpt from Axl's court testimony for the Adler lawsuit 1993.08.24 - L.A. Daily News/Reno Gazette/The Tennessean - Reports on the Adler Vs GN'R trial1993.09.02 - The Galveston Daily News - Guns N’ Roses video filmed in Gulf1993.09.02 - The Pantagraph - Rose sues model for $100,000 in gifts1993.09.13 - People Magazine - Axl's Christmas Surprise 1993.09.22 - Audio interview (Izzy)1993.09.22 - Much Music Power 30 - Interview with Duff 1993.09.25 - The Montgomery Advertiser - Drummer gets $2.5 million in suit 1993.09.27 - Rockline (Duff)1993.09.DD - Raw magazine - Last of the Mohicans? (Duff)1993.09.DD - Popular 1 - "Metallica are not honest guys. They're liars." (Duff)1993.10.01 - The Orlando Sentinel - Untitled [Alan Niven's statement on the Adler lawsuit]1993.10.04 - Tampa Bay Times/Billboard - Guns N' Roses moves on after drummer's lawsuit 1993.10.09 - Los Angeles Times - Duff's difficult transition to rock stardom (Duff)1993.10.13 - Geffen press release - Upcoming release of "The Spaghetti Incident?"1993.10.15-29 - The St. Louis Post-Dispatch/AP - Reports (Civil suit trial) (Axl)1993.10.21 - The Kokomo Tribune - GN'R faces future after ex-pal's lawsuit1993.10.23 - Park City Daily News - McKagan satisfied by solo work (Duff)1993.10.31 - Pittsburgh Post Gazette - Real Estate Beat (Matt)1993.10.DD - MTV - Interview with Slash1993.11.10 - Raw Magazine - An appetite for construction, the Axl interview (Axl) 1993.11.11 - AP - Axl Rose, Former Fiancee Trade Assault Charges From 1992 Fight 1993.11.21 - Los Angeles Times - It's No Illusion: Guns N' Roses Does Charles Manson1993.11.23 - Geffen press release - Release of "The Spaghetti Incident?"1993.11.26 - The Boston Globe - Guns N' Roses Dips Into History (Slash)1993.11.26 – Goldmine Magazine – Kim Fowley: Living and Dying in L.A. (excerpt)1993.11.30 - Press release from Axl about "Look At Your Game, Girl" 1993.11.DD - Guitarist Magazine - Loose Cannon (Duff) 1993.11.DD - Okej (Slash)1993.11.DD - Rip - Gunnin' solo (Duff)1993.11.DD - Okej (Duff) 1993.12.01 - Los Angeles Times - Manson Song May Be Removed From Album1993.12.08 - Geffen press release - Guns N' Roses Leave Manson Track On Album 1993.12.08 - Los Angeles Times - Guns N' Roses To Stick With Manson Song On Album1993.12.19 - The San Francisco Examiner - New generation decides the mass murderer is cool1993.12.23 - AP/Galveston Daily News - Court date set for Rose and Seymour1993.12.28 - AP/The Monitor - Guns ’N Roses bassist finds ‘therapy’ in solo project (Duff)1993.12.DD - Metal Zone - We're just a rock n' roll band (Slash)1993.12.DD - Metal Hammer - I love it when we fuck up! (Duff)1993.12.DD - Metal Express (French TV) - Interview with Duff 1993.12.DD - MTV - Interview with Slash1993.MM.DD - Metal CD - Interview with Izzy 1993.MM.DD - Unknown Source (Izzy) >1993.MM.DD - Excerpts from various interviews with members of Faith No More1993.MM.DD - Excerpts from various interviews with members of Nirvana1993.MM.DD - Use Your Illusion Tour program1994.01.03 - Raw Magazine - Rockline (Axl, Slash) 1994.01.08 - Kerrang! - Slash speaks! (Slash) 1994.01.19 - Axl inducts Elton John to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame1994.01.28 - Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - Rock and royalty1994.01.29 - The Calgary Herald - Interview with Slash1994.01.29 - Winnipeg Free Press - Sex and drugs and... boredom? (Slash) 1994.01.DD - Kerrang! (Duff) 1994.01.DD - 97.7 HTZ-FM (Slash) 1994.01.DD - Guitar Player - Punk Days Revisited (Slash) 1994.01.DD - Hot Metal - The Gunners and Charles (Axl) 1994.01.DD - Musique Plus - Interview with Slash1994.02.11 - The Georgia Straight - Slash on Spaghetti and Singing1994.03.08 - Los Angeles Times - Ex-Wife Sues Axl Rose, Alleges Years of Abuse1994.03.12 - Kerrang! - Home Sweet Home (Slash) 1994.03.19 - Kerrang - Video Violence! 1994.03.DD - Q Magazine - Call Me Mr. Extra Balls (Slash) 1994.04.21 - AP/Press and Sun Bulletin - Woodstock II acts revealed1994.04.26 - The Making Of Estranged: Part IV Of The Trilogy 1994.04.DD - Hit Parader - An Incident to Remember1994.05.20 - The Windsor Star - Guns N’ Roses’ Sorum gets bang out of career1994.05.23 - UPI - Sorum pleads innocent to beating wife 1994.05.24 - Kerrang! - War of the Roses (Gilby) 1994.06.13 - UG Rock Chronicles - Interview with Gilby1994.06.19 - "Guns N' Roses: The Photographic History" documentary 1994.06.25 - Kerrang - Slash 'N' Burn!1994.06.DD - Heavy Mental - A Pawned Rocker (Gilby) 1994.06.DD - Hit Parader - What's Next? (Slash) 1994.06.DD - Argentinian TV - Guns N' Roses Special (Gilby)1994.07.14 - The Newcastle Journal - Slash after wor Spike 1994.07.16 - Kerrang - Duff Fired? Guns To Split? (Slash)1994.07.16 - Los Angeles Times - Suicide of Young Superstar Weighs on Porn Industry1994.07.17 - Los Angeles Times - Another GNR Breakup? Yawn (Tom Zutaut) 1994.07.18 - People Magazine - Bye Bye Love (Axl)1994.07.22 - The Boston Globe - Guns N’ Roses’ Gilby Clarke breaks into his own groove1994.07.23 - Nanaimo Times - Slash Flash1994.07.28 - Winnipeg Free Press - Live and let the old band die 1994.07.DD - Hit Parader - Guns N' Roses: Axl's Media Madness1994.08.07 - The Houston Chronicle - Ex-Gunner recovering (Steven)1994.08.10 - New York Daily News - Guns ‘N Roses By Another Name (Slash)1994.09.04 - The Gazette/Reuter - Gunner Goes It Alone (Gilby) 1994.10.04 - Daily News (Gilby) 1994.10.06 - Syracuse Post-Standard - Rock Hound (Gilby)1994.10.07 - News Pilot - Guns N' Roses Go Moody In Secret Sessions1994.10.08 - MTV Headbangers Ball - Interview with Gilby1994.10.20 - Quad City Times - Gun On The Run (Gilby)1994.10.27 - Los Angeles Times - Guns 'N the Vampire1994.10.30 - The Desert Sun - Guns n’ Roses rhythm guitarist emerges as solo success (Gilby)1994.11.05 - Kerrang - Welcome To The Courtroom!1994.11.11 - MTV - Interview with Slash1994.11.23 - Detroit Free Press - Who Is Guns N' Roses? 1994.11.25 - Los Angeles Times -From Sideman to Pawn-Shop Star (Gilby)1994.11.25 - Orange County Register - Guns N' Roses' Clarke offers up his own arsenal (Gilby)1994.11.25 - Arizona Daily Star - Ex-Guns N' Roses guitarist happy about solo album, tour (Gilby)1994.11.DD - RAW Magazine - Four Bust-Ups And A Single 1994.12.16 - The Central New Jersey Home News - John, Paul, George & Gilby?1994.12.22 - Detroit Free Press - Guns N’ Roses follows Stones’ lead (Slash)1994.12.28 - Reading Eagle -Gilby Clarke Will Play Out A Solo Career (Gilby) 1994.12.DD - Hit Parader - Straight shooters (Axl, Duff, Gilby) 1994.DD.MM - Raw Magazine - Guns N' Roses Style!
CHOOSE AN ARTICLE OR INTERVIEW (1995-)1995.01.01 - Introduction to "The Language Of Fear" (Axl)1995.01.14 - Kerrang - "I Never Liked Our New Guitarist!" (Slash)1995.01.16 - Associated Press/Daily World - Guitarist Going Solo (Gilby)1995.01.19 - Argus Leader - Happiness Is A Lone Gun (Gilby)1995.01.24 - Toronto Sun - Welcome To Slash's Snakepit1995.01.26 - The Gazette - Slash Has A New Flame1995.01.27 - The Acron Beacon Journal - Axing Rose Easy To Do (Gilby)1995.01.28 - Kerrang - "I spent a week jammin' with Guns N' Roses" (Zakk Wylde)1995.01.DD - Hit Parader - Guns N' Roses At The Boiling Point1995.01.DD - Much Music - Interview with Slash 1995.01.DD - Unknown TV program (Slash, Matt, Gilby)1995.02.01 - The Howard Stern Show - Interview with Slash1995.02.03 - Chicago Tribune - Slashing Out (Slash)1995.02.04 -Aftonbladet - Interview with Slash1995.02.12 - Los Angeles Times - Guns Sans Roses (Slash)1995.02.12 - The Sydney Morning Herald - Illusive Words (Slash)1995.02.DD - Guitar - Trigger with Attitude (Slash)1995.02.DD - Metal Hammer - Slash: "I Was Dead For 8 Minutes" 1995.02.DD - Reptiles Magazine - Interview with Slash1995.02.DD - MTV - Interview with Slash1995.02.DD - Rock Express (French TV) - Interview with Slash1995.02.DD - French TV - Interview with Slash1995.02.DD - The O-Zone (BBC One) - Interview with Slash1995.02.DD - Italian TV - Interview with Slash1995.03.01 - RAW - Slash's Snakepit: Stripped Down 'n' Dirty!1995.03.03 - AP/Greenville News - Slash Heads To Snakepit For Break From Guns1995.03.04 - Melody Maker - Slash: Snake Some Action1995.03.DD - Musician - Slash 'N' Eddie (Slash)1995.03.DD - MTV - Interview (Slash, Gilby) and News Report (Axl)1995.03.DD - Unknown TV program - Interview with Slash1995.03.DD - Conspiracy Fan Club Newsletter Volume One Issue One1995.04.07 - Daily Press - Slash-and-burn1995.04.07 - The Boston Globe - Slash: Cutting Tracks In The Snakepit1995.04.08 - Billboard - Guns N’ Roses Sued For Canceling Madrid Show1995.04.09 - Baltimore Sun - Slash is touring, not leaving Axl N’ Guns N’ Roses1995.04.10 - Los Angeles Times - The Fame Game [Excerpt] (Axl)1995.04.13 - Detroit Free Press - Short Notice (Axl)1995.04.17 - Michigan Daily - Slash's Snakepit is Full of Venomous Rock (Slash) 1995.04.20 - 97.7 HTZ-FM (Slash) 1995.04.20 - The New York Times - 2 Groups Astride (Slash)1995.04.22 - The Los Angeles Times - Drummer May Face Charges in Overdose (Steven)1995.04.23 - The Virginia-Pilot - Cutting Loose (Slash)1995.04.24 - Detroit Free Press - Into The Pit (Slash)1995.04.28 - Florida Today - Slash Rocks Away From Guns N' Roses 1995.04.28 - St. Louis Post-Dispatch - Guns N’ Snakes (Slash)1995.04.30 - The Galveston Daily News (Slash) 1995.04.DD - Metal Edge - Slash's Welcome to the Snakepit (Slash) 1995.04.DD - Spin - The Ten That Matter Most 1995.04.DD - Rolling Stone - Coiled and Ready (Slash) 1995.04.DD - Much Music - Interview with Slash 1995.04.DD - Q - Who the hell does Slash think he is?1995.05.05 - North County Times - Short Notice (Slash)1995.05.08 - New York Daily News - Short Notice1995.05.08 - The San Francisco Examiner - Guitar God Back From The Dead (Slash) 1995.05.14 - Parade Magazine (Axl) 1995.05.24 - Corsair (Slash) 1995.05.DD - Guitar Player - Snake N' Bake: Slash's New Band Shakes Up the Ranks1995.06.05 - Dutch TV - Interview with Slash 1995.06.16 - News Pilot - L.A.'s Landmarks of Rock1995.06.DD - Slovakian TV - Interview with Slash1995.07.18 - Los Angeles Times - Drunk-Driving Case Puts Rocker on Trial (Dizzy) 1995.07.21 - Folha De Sao Paulo Journal (Slash) 1995.07.DD - Kerrang! In Bed With Slash 1995.07.DD - Argentinian TV - Interview with Slash1995.07.DD - Brazilian TV - Interview with Slash and Gilby [VIDEO - dubbed in Portuguese]1995.07.DD - Conspiracy Fan Club Newsletter Volume One Issue Two1995.08.DD - Planet Rock Profiles (Irish TV) - Interview with Slash1995.08.DD - MTV - Interview with Slash 1995.09.DD - Select Magazine - In The Pub: Slash 1995.10.DD - Metal Edge Magazine - Slash On The Line: A Report From the Road (Slash) 1995.11.DD - Metal Hammer - Is It All Over? Does Anybody Care? (Slash) 1995.11.25 - Furio Metal (Slash and Gilby) 1995.12.10 - Los Angeles Times - Fan Alert: Guns N' Roses Gearing Up (Doug Goldstein) 1995.12.16- Billboard - Former GN’R Member Sues Band For Misappropriation (Gilby)1996.02.02 - Entertainment Weekly - Is there anybody out there?1996.02.05 - New York Daily News - Seagal shows his musical chops (Slash)1996.02.21 - The Tampa Tribune - Guitar show has heroes aplenty (Slash)1996.02.22 - Northwest Herald/L.A. Times - Hot Property (Matt)1996.02.DD - Metal Hammer - It's All in the Writs Action... (Slash)1996.03.DD - Guitar - Lawyers, Guns...and Roses?1996.05.09 - GN'R Newsletter Volume 1, Issue 31996.05.21 - New York Daily News - Surveillance (Slash)1996.05.29 - The Philadelphia Inquirer - Short Notice (Slash)1996.07.06 - The Courier Journal - Short Notice (Neurotic Outsiders)1996.07.11 - New York Daily News - Axl Rose to the occasion1996.07.24 - New York Daily News - Slash and burn1996.07.25 - The Howard Stern Show (Duff and Steve Jones)1996.07.28 - St. Cloud Times - Axl rocks on guitar (Duff)1996.07.30 - Netscape Chat with Slash1996.07.DD - Politically Incorrect - Interview with Slash 1996.07.DD - Metal Hammer - At Home with Matt Sorum of Guns N' Roses (Matt)1996.08.01 - Red Deer Advocate - Stretching 15 minutes (Axl)1996.08.08 - Courier Post - Back in business? (Duff)1996.08.25 - Los Angeles Times - Hot Property (Slash)1996.08.27 - Arizona Republic - Short Notice (Slash) 1996.08.30 - Addicted to Noise - GN'R to Enter Studio to Record New Album (Duff) 1996.08.DD - MTV Headbanger's Ball - Interview with Slash 1996.09.04 - Toronto Sun - Outsider's Responsible for Guns N' Roses Reuniting? (Matt)1996.09.06 - Canadian Press/Calgary Herald - Neurotic Outsiders (Matt)1996.09.06 - The Boston Globe - Stars enjoy a little rock on the (Out)side (Duff) 1996.09.09 - Rockline (Duff and Matt) 1996.09.12 - The Michigan Daily - Punk Dream Team Neurotic Outsiders Shoots Potent Load (Duff)1996.09.14 - Kerrang! - GN'R Lies: The Splits, The Feuds, The Shocking Truth (Slash)1996.09.21 - Kerrang! - "We Ain't Dead Yet" (Slash)1996.09.22 - Detroit Free Press - Guns N’ Roses has a new disc that’s pure rock (Duff)1996.09.30 - The Howard Stern Show - Interview with Slash1996.09.30 - MTV Brazil - Interview with Slash1996.09.DD - Rock & Pop Argentina - Audio interview with Duff1996.09.DD - Kerrang! - Neurotic Outsiders: Duff and Matt talk records1996.10.16 - Online Chat with Slash1996.10.20 - The Ottawa Citizen - Short Notice (Slash)1996.10.23 - Lawrence Journal-World- Guns N' Roses Makes Return To Wild (Duff)1996.10.23 - AP/The Press Democrat - This time, Malibu was ready for an inferno (Axl)1996.10.30 - Fax from Axl1996.10.DD - Hit Parader - Knockin' Down Doors (Duff)1996.11.01 - Philadelphia Daily News - Guns, Roses, but No Slash1996.11.01 - The Orlando Sentinel - No more Guns for Slash1996.11.02 - The Hollywood Reporter/The Record - Sans Slash1996.11.08 - MTV News - Gn'R's Blizzard Of Acrimony1996.11.12 - Los Angeles Times - GNR Continues Sans Slash1996.11.13 - AP/The Daily World - Guns N’ Roses making new album1996.11.15 - News Pilot - Slash and Burn: Real GN'R Story 1996.11.18 - The Journal Times - ‘Obsession,' by Slash with Marta Sanchez1996.11.22 - Daily Press - Guns 'R' Back1996.11.23 - Los Angeles Times - Slash in the Hat Comes Back1996.11.DD - Metal Edge - Off The Cuff With Neurotic Duff! 1996.12.06 - The Baltimore Sun (Liz Smith Column) - Beat the Band1996.12.13 - The San Bernardino County - No Guns, but lots of ammo for Clarke (Gilby)1996.12.17 - Online Chat with Duff (mostly about The Neurotic Outsiders)1996.12.25 - Hard Copy - Interview with Steven [VIDEO]1996.MM.DD - Hard Rock (France) - Interview with Duff1996.MM.DD - Hard Rock (France) - Interview with Matt
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Elections in Africa
Peter's map
Nhleko reflects on SA U19s opening win against Georgia
04.December.2019 · Posted in APO-OPA
Junior Springbok assistant coach, Bafana Nhleko – who is serving in the same capacity on the SA Under-19 team’s tour to Georgia – looked back at the positives from their 28-21 victory against the hosts on Monday, and singled out a few areas to work on ahead of their second and final tour match on Thursday.
The team overturned a halftime deficit of 18-14 to win their first match at the Shevardeni Rugby Stadium in the country’s capital, Tbilisi.
After reviewing the match on Tuesday morning, Nhleko said: “With such short preparation time and the testing playing conditions, the players did well to try to stick to the game plan. They adapted particularly well to the defensive breakdown interpretation, especially after conceding a few penalties in the first half.
“I also felt that we created opportunities on attack, but it is about being alert so that we can capitalise on them. We were also pleased with the defensive character the boys showed, and the fact that they limited the hosts to only three points in the second half,” he added.
Casting an eye on their next match-up on Thursday, Nhleko said: “Our leg drive in the tackle is a work on, as we lost some collisions, and we would also like to improve our ability to set early so that we can move the ball when the options are on.
“Our discipline is another area we need to clean up.”
Nhleko was satisfied that the coaches were achieving their objectives on tour and he said they would look to give a few other players a chance to make their mark in their second encounter.
“The guys are learning and growing,” he said.
“We are getting to know them and we can see what they are capable of in a game situation.
“Since the purpose of this tour is to assess the players, we will give the other guys a run on Thursday.
“They would have watched the first game, and they were part of the review, so hopefully they can apply those lessons.”
The coach said the players were also soaking up the experience off the field.
“I think they are enjoying the culture, and bonding off the field as well,” said Nhleko.
“The weather has been a challenge, but these players are lucky to have an opportunity to travel and see the world.
“I don’t think many of them would have chosen to travel to Georgia, so this is a great life experience, as they get to see a different country and way of life. We have really been well hosted by the Georgia Rugby Union and their community, so this is a great experience for us all.”
Junior Springbok coach, Chean Roux, will name his match-day squad for their next encounter on Wednesday.
Distributed by APO Group on behalf of South African Rugby Union.
Rugby@APO-opa.org
Source: Apo-Opa
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Holiday Short from Alison Bruce
The Night I Shot My Father
Getting my family together for Christmas is challenging.
Growing up, my mother and aunt would feed everyone at our house–wherever our house happened to be at the time. Four, then three, then two grandparents, depending on the year, three parents, six children, four dogs and a cat would be at (or under) the table for a meal that lasted at least two hours. It was crazy, but I loved it.
The kids grew up. For a couple of years there were more or less the same numbers but with some missing and significant others added. My sister and her husband moved across country. My brother joined the Navy. My cousins spread out, married, remarried, blended families and had other families to visit. Of the kids that stayed close to home, I joined the police force and one of my cousins became a practical nurse. We never managed to have the Christmas off in the same year.
Then my parents split. After thirty years of marriage, my father announced that he was gay.
My sister insisted she always suspected. I doubted it. Mum said she always knew. That I believed. My brother was angry. My cousins ranged from bemused to confused. I felt like the rug had been pulled out from under me.
I’m not homophobic. If I had always known about Dad, my life would have been different and I would have accepted that. It’s just...
My sister and brother were named Bella and Bennett respectively for my mother’s parents, who died before I was born. If I had been born a few weeks earlier, I would have been called Linda or Constance because my grandmother’s full name was Belinda Constance Bennett. But my aunt had twins first and those two names were taken. A couple of years earlier, she beat my mother to calling her son Cecil, my grandfather’s first name, for which my brother and I have always been grateful.
I was named Bonnie because my father liked the name. I was his girl. He was a career soldier, a sergeant in the military police. When I joined Army Cadets, he gave me extra shooting practice so I could joined the Range Team. He encouraged me to follow my dreams and become a cop, though my mother wanted me to be a teacher. Both my parents taught us to be honest, but it was my father who impressed on me how important it was to be true to myself.
So why couldn’t he be true to me?
With us kids grown up and Dad gone, it didn’t make sense for Mum to keep the house, even though Dad had signed over his share of it. Losing the house was no big deal. We’d move too often to get really attached to one set of walls. Losing a home for us all to gather was another thing. That was heartbreaking.
This year I bought my own house. It’s a 70's ranch-style house in a cul-de-sac with a bunch of would-be dictators for a neighbourhood committee, but I call it home. Though not a big place, it has a Great Room instead of a separate living room and dining room, so there’s space to put tables together and get as much of the family as can come to sit down for dinner. Since Christmas was too complicated, we opted for New Year’s Eve.
My mum and aunt took over my kitchen. Bella and Linda helped out. (Connie is useless in the kitchen. She can burn water.) Meanwhile Ben directed the older kids at setting the table and getting it shipshape for dinner while Cecil, Connie and my brothers-in-law watched the younger kids. (The football game on TV got most of the attention.) I moved from one room to another, picking up empty beer bottles, putting out extra nuts, going down to the freezer in the basement for a second bag of frozen corn. Generally fussing.
I’d been less worried about my academy finals than I was about this dinner. It had taken all my negotiating skills, some judicious threats and transferring all my Air Mile points to my sister to bring everyone together. Only one living person was missing.
Finally the food was on the table. The children were washed up so they could get mucky again. We were all seated. I stood, wine glass raised, ready to give the toast that traditionally acted as grace for our family.
Training made me check before I opened the door. It was Dad. He made it.
Being a police officer, and having a brother in the navy, has taught me that police and military personnel are more traditional and conservative than most civilians. I hadn’t really got that when I was younger, even though Dad was in the army. In his day, being gay in the military wasn’t an option. It wasn’t just a case of “don’t ask, don’t tell.” It was “don’t be suspected or else.” By understanding, I was able to forgive.
I checked with Mum first, of course, but that’s why there was an extra place laid at the table.
I opened the door.
“Hi Bonnie girl.”
Throwing my arms around my father’s neck, I pulled him into a tight embrace.
“Hi Daddy.”
It took a moment for my keen, police-trained senses to detect the second man on my front porch. He was slightly shorter and rounder than my father, though the roundness might have been because of his puffy down coat.
“Bonnie, this is my friend Gordon.”
“I hope I’m not intruding.”
Gordon might have looked like the Pillsbury Dough Boy, but he sounded like Sir Ian McKellan,
“Set another place kids!”
Hours later, full up with good food and feeling sleepy, I pushed myself out of my chair to fetch the champagne glasses and bubbly.
It was almost midnight.
“I just remembered I forgot to make the family toast at dinner,” I announced. “I’ll make it for the New Year instead.”
Sixty seconds to midnight. I started to work the cork loose on the champagne bottle.
“I have an announcement first,” said my sister Bella. “I’m pregnant again and the doctor thinks its twins.”
“No way!” Linda squealed. “I’m pregnant too.”
“Use your thumbs,” said Ben. He was more interested in my battle with the cork than more additions to the family.
Dad cleared his throat. “Maybe this is a good time to tell you that Gordon and I are getting married and you’re all invited.”
“Huh?” I turned to my Dad, feeling that rug slip away again but in a good way.
The cork flew out hitting my father in the forehead, right between the eyes. Must have hurt like hell. He and Gordon were soaked with champagne spray. I just stood there, feeling shocked and dismayed, but also wanting to laugh.
“Get your father some ice, Ben,” said my mother, taking control as usual. “And bring a roll of paper towel.”
We missed the countdown and there wasn’t much champagne left to toast with. Dad said he’d rather have whiskey anyway. Ben poured double shots for Dad, me and himself. Finally I made the family toast.
“To that dear octopus, whose tentacles we never quite escape, nor in our inmost hearts ever wish to, the family. Happy New Year!”
Author's Note:
All the characters in this story are fictional and bear no intentional resemblance to persons living or dead (except Sir Ian's voice). That being said, my father almost put his own eye out opening a champagne bottle one New Year's Eve and the Dear Octopus quote is traditional in our family.
Alison Bruce has had many careers and writing has always been one of them. Copywriter, editor and graphic designer since 1992, Alison has also been a comic book store manager, small press publisher, webmaster and arithmetically challenged bookkeeper. She is the author of mystery, suspense and historical romance novels.
www.alisonbruce.ca
www.facebook.com/alisonbruce.books
family Happy New Year Holiday Shorts new year
What a wonderful story this is, Alison! It simply sneaks into your heart. Thank you for writing it. Happy New Year!
Alison E. Bruce December 30, 2013 at 12:34 PM
Thank you Lorrie. My father always said I was a sneaky little bugger. ;)
Kevin Philip Thornton December 30, 2013 at 5:29 PM
Very nice Alison. Though provoking, heart-warming and charming. Just like you.
Alison E. Bruce December 30, 2013 at 5:58 PM
I'm honoured, Kevin. You cared enough to say it twice. ;)
Thank you and Happy New Year to you and your family. (All still alive and well - no dog poop accidents, right?)
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Home » RRB » Allahabad UP & Wainganga Krishna Gramin Banks Recruitments
Allahabad UP & Wainganga Krishna Gramin Banks Recruitments
Following the release of rural bank exam results, RRBs are in the process of filling up their vacancies.Though there aren't large differences between public sector banks & Gramin banks the exposure & business knowledge one gets in PSB is higher.Speaking in terms of emoluments, it is similar to all other govt. banks with slight changes in entitled allowances.
Recently two recruitment notifications were issued from Wainganga Krishna Gramin Bank & Allahabad UP Gramin Bank
Wainganga Krishna Gramin Bank
Established in December 2008, WKGB is sponsored by Bank of India to provide banking services in rural areas of Maharashtra.With head office in Solapur, the bank has over 170 branches spread across 12 maharashtrian districts.
WKGB has advertised to fill 4 scale II officers & 14 office assistants with no openings for officers (scale I).Interested candidates may submit their registrations from December 24 to January 4, 2013.
Apart from regular eligibility conditions, applicants should have passed in local language of the state (matriculation /std.10 level)
The complete notice for this hiring including selection procedure & application methods can be download from their website here
Allahabad UP Gramin Bank
Sponsored by Canara Bank, the Shreyas Gramin Bank came into existence in 2006.With a presence of 200+ branches across 7 districts in India`s largest state - Uttar Pradesh, the bank is committed to improve the livelihood of common man in rural heartland.
While there are no vacant positions for officer cadre, there are 57 officer openings.The online registrations for these starts from December 28 & closes on January 8, 2013, which is also the last date to pay fees
Though there is no necessity to prove your domicile status - proficiency in Hindi language is compulsory. You must have also passed in std Xth in Hindi subject
The eligibility conditions are same as specified during CWE.If you are lookint to apply, then remember to read the official advt. from their site here (.pdf)
Eligible Conditions
There is nothing new in the criteria but still we are providing it for your reference,
Scale I position applicants should be aged between 18 – 28 years
Completed degree (any discipline) from a recognized university as on June 1, 2012
While the minimum TWS scores for office assistant is 103 (gen/obc) & 97 (sc/st), it is 95 (gen/obc) & 89 (sc/st) for assistant cadre.
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Sinhala | Tamil
Elections Commission Chairman Assures Presidential Polls Will Not Be Delayed:"All Measures Put In Place To Hold Election Between Nov 08 And Dec 08"
Elections Commission Chairman Mahinda Deshapriya all measures have been taken to hold the Presidential election without any delay.
"The Presidential election will take place between November 08 and December 10. The Elections Commission will take every necessary step to hold the election during the aforesaid period. There won't be any delay, " Deshapriya added.
"Some speculate that if the Provincial Council election takes place before the Presidential polls, the latter will have to pushed back. There is no such thing. Even if the PC election comes ahead of the Presidential election, it will not result in any delay, " Deshapriya added.
However, it is speculated that President Sirisena is planning to seek the opinion of the Supreme Court on whether he can hold office until May 2020.
People’s Bank sponsors annual Kelaniya Duruthu Perahera
Former Cricket Administrator Nishantha Ranatunga's Appointment As Water Board Chairman Sparks Social Media Debate
Hirunika Premachandra Says Her Second 'Leaked' Telephone Conversation With Ranjan Ramanayake Edited To Tarnish Her Reputation
UNP MPs Supporting Sajith Premadasa To Push For Vote On Party Leadership At Next Working Committee Meeting
Former Akuressa PS Chairman Saruwa Sunil Given 15 Years Rigorous Imprisonment For Raping 15-Year-Old Girl
Chandrika Kumaratunga Removed As SLFP Organizer For Attanagalle: Lasantha Alagiyawanne Appointed In her Place
© 2019 Asian Mirror (pvt) Ltd
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Associate Professor of Physics at Boise State University
Joining the Boise State Planetary Science Research Group
Ultra-short-period planet database
The Short Period Planets Group — S(u)PerP(i)G
Google Scholar Page
Boise State’s Astronomical Observatory
Led by Prof. Brian Jackson of Boise State Physics, the Planetary Science Lab conducts research spanning our Solar System and beyond.
As part of a NASA-funded effort, Jackson’s group explores aeolian processes on Earth as an analog for Mars and Saturn’s moon Titan by using instrumented drones to probe active dust devils.
Leveraging cutting-edge data science techniques, Jackson’s group also uses data from NASA’s Kepler/K2 and TESS Missions to search for exotic planets orbiting distant stars and to probe their meteorology, work that has also enjoyed NASA support.
The Weather on Distant Worlds
Simulated clouds rotating in and out of view on a hot Jupiter.
Planetary phase curves (light reflected and emitted by the planet as it orbits its star) can provide insight into atmospheric processes, and the Kepler Mission’s observational baseline spanning hundreds of days for some planets makes its dataset especially well suited to search for phase curve variability, diagnostic of meteorology as advective processes sweep thermal structures and aerosols into and out of view. This project involves analysis of archival Kepler data to understand the weather on these distant worlds.
Jackson et al. (2018) – “Searching for Eclipse Variability for Kepler-76 b in the Kepler Dataset” – DPS Presentation
Jackson et al. (2019) – “A Search Variability in the Atmosphere of the Hot Jupiter Kepler-76 b” – LPSC Presentation
Jackson et al. (2019) – “Variability in the Atmosphere of the Hot Jupiter Kepler-76b” – ApJ article
Capturing Devils in the Desert
Dust devils are low-pressure, small (many to tens of meters) convective vortices powered by surface heating and rendered visible by lofted dust. Dust devils occur ubiquitously on Mars, where they may dominate the supply of atmospheric dust, and since dust contributes significantly to Mars’ atmospheric heat budget, dust devils probably play an important role in its climate. Analog studies of terrestrial devils have provided some insights into dust devil dynamics and properties but have been limited to near-surface (few meters) or relatively high altitude (hundreds of meters) sampling. Automated aerial vehicles or drones, combined with miniature, digital instrumentation, promise a novel and uniquely powerful platform from which to sample dust devils at a wide variety of altitudes. During summer 2017, our group conducted a pilot study using an instrumented quadcopter on an active field site in southeastern Oregon to probe active dust devils. The video above shows one encounter from the perspective of the drone.
Jackson et al. (2018) “Using an Instrumented Drone to Probe Dust Devils on Oregon’s Alvord Desert.” Remote Sensing.
Jackson et al. (2017) Presentation at Division of Planetary Sciences Conference
Videos of dust devil encounters —
Flight 0 – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goSsQD-mnYc
Flight 1 – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rj7wua4GQyc
Flight 2 – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9VtcSrBjflY
A New Model of Roche-lobe Overflow for Short-Period Gaseous Planets and Binary Stars
Planetary radii and orbital periods for many short-period planets (black circles) and planetary candidates (red circles) discovered by the Kepler mission. The dashed curves shows how close different planets can get to their host stars before they would be tidally disrupted. Taken from Jackson et al. (2016).
Some close-in gaseous exoplanets are nearly in Roche-lobe contact, and previous studies show tidal decay can drive hot Jupiters into contact during the main sequence of their host stars. Improving upon a previous model, we present a revised model for mass transfer in a semi-detached binary system that incorporates an extended atmosphere around the donor and allows for an arbitrary mass ratio. We apply this new formalism to hypothetical, confirmed, and candidate planetary systems to estimate mass loss rates and compare with models of evaporative mass loss. Overflow may be significant for hot Neptunes out to periods of ~2 days, while for hot Jupiters, it may only be important inward of 0.5 days. We find that CoRoT-24 b may be losing mass at a rate of more than an Earth mass in a Gyr. The hot Jupiter WASP-12 b may lose an Earth mass in a Myr, while the putative planet orbiting a T-Tauri star PTFO8-8695 might shed its atmosphere in a few Myrs. We point out that the orbital expansion that can accompany mass transfer may be less effective than previously considered because the gas accreted by the host star removes some of the system’s angular momentum from the orbit, but simple scaling arguments suggest that the Roche-lobe overflow might remain stable. Consequently, the recently discovered small planets in ultra-short-periods (< 1 day) may not be the remnants of hot Jupiters/Neptunes. The new model presented here has been incorporated into Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA).
Jackson et al. (2016) on arxiv.org
Tidal Decay and Disruption of Gaseous Exoplanets
Many gaseous exoplanets in short-period orbits are on the verge or are in the process of Roche-lobe overflow (RLO). Moreover, orbital stability analysis shows tides can drive many hot Jupiters to spiral inevitably toward their host stars.
In this study, we showed that the evolution is largely determined by the core mass of the overflowing gas giant and that the orbital expansion that accompanies RLO often stops and reverses at a specific maximum period that depends on the core mass.
We suggest that RLO may often strand the remnant of a gas giant near this orbital period, and we conduct a preliminary comparison of this prediction to the observed population of small, short-period planets and find some planets in orbits that may be consistent with this picture (shown in the above figure).
To the extent that we can establish some short-period planets are indeed the remnants of gas giants, that population can elucidate the properties of gas giant cores, the properties of which remain largely unconstrained.
Jackson et al. (2016) “Tidal Decay and Stable Roche-Lobe Overflow of Short-Period Gaseous Exoplanets.” CeMDA.
Model Codes and Results
A Multi-Year Dust Devil Vortex Survey Using an Automated Search of Pressure Time-Series
Pressure variations (in hectoPascal, hPa) vs. local time for one dust devil pressure dip. The blue curve shows our model fit.
Dust devils occur in arid climates on the Earth and ubiquitously on Mars. Martian dust devils have been studied with orbiting and landed spacecraft, while most studies of terrestrial dust devils have involved manned monitoring of field sites, which can be costly both in time and personnel. As an alternative approach, my colleague Ralph Lorenz and I performed a multi-year in-situ survey of terrestrial dust devils using pressure loggers deployed at El Dorado Playa in Nevada, USA, a site known for dust devil activity.
When a dust devil passed over our pressure sensors, it appeared as a pressure dip in the time series, as illustrated in the figure. By modeling these signals, we learned a lot of about dust devils. For instance, in spite of expectations, we found signals that looked a lot like dust devils that occurred at night and even in the winter. So do dust devils happen year-round, day and night? More work will help us figure it out.
Related Press
Jackson & Lorenz (2015) “A Multi-Year Dust Devil Vortex Survey Using an Automated Search of Pressure” JGR–Planets.
Looking for Very Short-Period Planets
Figure from Jackson et al. (2013) comparing the planetary candidate Roche limits (a_Roche) to their orbital semi-major axes (a).
I recently led a search for very short-period transiting objects in the publicly available Kepler dataset, and this preliminary survey has revealed thirteen four planetary candidates, with periods ranging from 3.3 to 10 4 to 11 hours. I analyzed the data for these candidates using models that include transit light curves, ellipsoidal variations, and secondary eclipses, to constrain the candidates’ radii, masses, and effective temperatures. Even with masses of only a few Earth masses, the candidates’ short periods mean they may induce stellar radial velocity signals (~ 10 m/s), detectable by currently operating facilities. The origins of such short-period planets are unclear, but it’s possible that they are the remnants of disrupted hot Jupiters. If confirmed, these candidates would be some of the shortest-period planets ever discovered, and if common, such planets would be particularly amenable to discovery by the planned TESS mission, which is specifically designed to find short-period rocky planets.
Related press:
Time Really Flies on These Kepler Planets.
Razor’s edge — New class of exoplanets clock orbits as short as 3 hours
Super-Fast Alien Planets May Be Skimming the Surface of Their Stars
Related scientific publications:
Jackson+ (2013). “A Survey for Very Short-Period Planets in the Kepler Data.” arxiv 1308.1379.
Jackson (2013). “Looking for Very Short-Period Planets with Re-Purposed Kepler.” arXiv 1309.1499.
Looking for Tides on Distant Stars
For a massive (Jupiter-sized) planet orbiting very close to its host star, the planet’s gravity can distort the shape of the star, similar to the tides raised in the Earth’s oceans by the Moon’s gravity. As these stellar tidal waves flow on the star in response to the planet’s gravity, the star can appear to brighten and dim slightly. The tides are VERY small (about 100 meters tall), and so the amount of brightening and dimming is very small, tens of parts per million, and looking for this astronomical signal is like looking for a firefly against the glare of football stadium lights. The figure below illustrates the effect.
Tidal distortion (exaggerated) of a star (orange-yellow disk) orbited by planet (white/black disk). The plot below shows the brightness variation of the star due to the tidal distortion.
My colleagues and I created a new model for Ellipsoidal Variations Induced by a Low-Mass Companion, the EVIL-MC model, and in Jackson+ (2012), we used the EVIL-MC model to analyze observations from the Kepler mission of the HAT-P-7 system, an F-type star orbited by a roughly Jupiter-mass gas giant companion in a 2-day orbital period. Our analysis allowed us to estimate the planet’s mass and the (blackbody) temperature of the planet’s dayside, at about 2680 K. We also found a large difference between the day- and nightside planetary flux, with little nightside emission, which is qualitatively consistent with little day-to-night atmospheric circulation and in-line with other observations of very hot gas giants very close to their host stars.
Jackson+ (2012). “The EVIL-MC Model for Ellipsoidal Variations of Planet-hosting Stars and Applications to the HAT-P-7 System.” ApJ 751, 112.
Jackson & Carlberg (2012). “Ellipsoidal Variation Analysis of Kepler Observations Using the EVIL-MC Model.” DPS Meeting.
Tidal Evolution and Mass Loss for Close-in Exoplanets
An artist’s conception of CoRoT-7 b.
CoRoT-7 b was the first confirmed rocky exoplanet and was discovered by the CoRoT mission, but, with an orbital from its host star of only 0.0172 AU (100 times closer than the Earth is to the Sun), its origins may be unlike any rocky planet in our Solar system. In Jackson+ (2010), my colleagues and I considered the roles of tidal evolution and atmospheric mass loss in CoRoT-7 b’s history, which together have modified the planet’s mass and orbit. If CoRoT-7 b has always been a rocky body, evaporation may have driven off almost half its original mass, but the mass loss may depend sensitively on the extent of tidal decay of its orbit. As tides caused CoRoT-7 b’s orbit to decay, they brought the planet closer to its host star, thereby enhancing the mass loss rate. Such a large mass loss also suggests the possibility that CoRoT-7 b began as a gas giant planet and had its original atmosphere completely evaporated. In this case, we found that CoRoT-7 b’s original mass probably did not exceed 200 Earth masses (about two-third of a Jupiter mass). Tides raised on the host star by the planet may have significantly reduced the orbital semimajor axis, perhaps causing the planet to migrate through mean-motion resonances with the other planet in the system, CoRoT-7 c. The coupling between tidal evolution and mass loss may be important not only for CoRoT-7 b but also for other close-in exoplanets, and future studies of mass loss and orbital evolution may provide insight into the origin and fate of close-in planets, both rocky and gaseous.
BBC article about model for the mass loss and tidal evolution of the rocky exoplanet CoRoT-7 b
Jackson+ (2010). “The roles of tidal evolution and evaporative mass loss in the origin of CoRoT-7 b.” MNRAS 407, 910.
Jackson+ (2010). “Is CoRoT-7 B the Remnant Core of an Evaporated Gas Giant?” BAAS 42, 444.
Tidal Destruction of Extrasolar Planets
Artist’s conception of tidal disruption of gas giant planet.
The distribution of the orbits of close-in exoplanets shows evidence for ongoing removal and destruction by tides. Tides raised on a planet’s host star cause the planet’s orbit to decay, even after the orbital eccentricity has dropped to zero. Comparison of the observed orbital distribution and predictions of tidal theory shows good qualitative agreement, suggesting tidal destruction of close-in exoplanets is common. The process can explain the observed cutoff in small orbital semimajor axis values, the clustering of orbital periods near three days, and the relative youth of transiting planets. Contrary to previous considerations, a mechanism to stop the inward migration of close-in planets at their current orbits is not necessarily required. Planets nearing tidal destruction may be found with extremely small semimajor axes, possibly already stripped of any gaseous envelope. The recently discovered CoroT-7 b may be an example of such a planet and will probably be destroyed by tides within the next few Gyrs. Also, where one or more planets have already been accreted, a star may exhibit an unusual composition and/or spin rate.
Press release from University of Washington about tidal destruction of planets
Missing Planets Attest To Destructive Power Of Stars’ Tides – Science Daily
Jackson+ (2009). “Observational Evidence for Tidal Destruction of Exoplanets.” ApJ 698, 1357.
Tidal Heating of Planets and its Effects on Their Thermal Evolution and Habitability
Extrasolar gas giant planets close to their host stars have likely undergone significant tidal evolution since the time of their formation. Tides probably dominated their orbital evolution once the dust and gas cleared away, and as the orbits evolved there was substantial tidal heating within the planets. The tidal heating history of each gas giant may have contributed significantly to the thermal budget governing the planet’s physical properties, including its radius, which in many cases may be measured by observing transit events. Typically, tidal heating increases as a planet moves inward toward its star and then decreases as its orbit circularizes. In Jackson+ (2008b), my colleagues and I computed tidal heating histories for several planets with measured radii. Several planets, including, for example, HD 209458 b, may have undergone substantial tidal heating during the past billion years, perhaps enough to explain its large measured radius. Our models also show that GJ 876 d may have experienced tremendous heating and is probably not a solid, rocky planet.
Tidal heating of Io (left) makes it violently volcanic and unsuitable for life (as we know it). Radiogenic heating of the Earth (center) powers geophysical activity that helps maintain our clement climate. Lack of internal heating and geophysical activity for Mars (right) may have contributed to its present lack of a thick atmosphere, making the planet challenging for life.
Tidal heating of rocky (or terrestrial) extrasolar planets may also span a wide range of values, depending on stellar masses and the planets’ initial orbits. Tidal heating may be sufficiently large (in many cases, in excess of radiogenic heating) and long-lived to drive plate tectonics, similar to the Earth’s, which may enhance the planet’s habitability. In other cases, excessive tidal heating may result in violent volcanism as for Jupiter’s moon Io, probably rendering them unsuitable for life. On water-rich planets, tidal heating may generate subsurface oceans analogous to the ocean in Jupiter’s moon Europa, with similar prospects for habitability. Tidal heating may enhance the outgassing of volatiles, contributing to the formation and replenishment of a planet’s atmosphere. In Jackson+ (2008c), my colleagues and I modeled the tidal heating and evolution of hypothetical extrasolar terrestrial planets to investigate the influence on planetary habitability.
Tides Have Major Impact on Planet Habitability – U of AZ press release
Talking About Tides – podcast interview with Simon Mitton about tides and planetary habitability
Jackson+ (2008c). “Tidal Heating of Extrasolar Planets.” ApJ 681, 1631.
Jackson+ (2008b). “Tidal heating of terrestrial extrasolar planets and implications for their habitability.” MNRAS 391, 237.
Jackson+ (2008). “Tidal Heating of Extrasolar Terrestrial-scale Planets and Constraints on Habitability.” BAAS 40, 391.
Tidal Evolution of Close-in Extrasolar Planets
The distribution of orbital eccentricities e of extrasolar planets with semimajor axes a > 0.2 AU is very uniform, and values for e are relatively large, averaging 0.3 and broadly distributed up to near 1. For a < 0.2 AU, eccentricities are much smaller (most e < 0.2), a characteristic widely attributed to damping by tides after the planets formed and the protoplanetary gas disk dissipated. Most previous estimates of the tidal damping considered the tides raised on the planets, but ignored the tides raised on the stars. Perhaps most important, in many studies the strongly coupled evolution between e and a was ignored. In Jackson+ (2008a), my colleagues and I modeled the coupled tidal evolution of e and a for many extrasolar planets and confirmed that even close-in planets probably began with broadly distributed e-values, like those for planets far from their host stars and unaffected by tides. The accompanying evolution of a-values showed most close-in planets had significantly larger a at the start of tidal migration, and the current small values of a were only reached gradually due to tides over the ages of the planets.
Jackson+ (2008a). “Tidal Evolution of Close-in Extrasolar Planets.” ApJ 678, 1396.
Jackson+ (2008). “Tidal evolution of close-in extra-solar planets.” Proceed. IAU 249, 187.
Twitter: decaelus
RT @AstroDanNTU: @AAVSO @SuperASASSN If you found my @ConversationUK article on Betelgeuse sparked your interest in observing yourself. Thi… about 9 hours ago
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@decaelus
Boise State Physics Spring 2020 First Friday Astronomy
Weather Forecasts for Distant Worlds
Wind Erosion on a Vomit Comet
Homedale School Visit – 2019 Nov 14
Landslides on Pluto’s Moon Charon
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Inhibition in Action
Francesca Aldridge
(First published in STATNews, May 2011)
It was a cold, clear October morning when I went to meet Marie and Dabs on a farm at the foot of the Sussex Downs. As I walked into the farmyard, I was struck by the fact that there were two of everything. Two goats first came to greet me and see if I was good for a scratch round the ears. Then there were two dogs, one of which was a very convenient height for warming my hands on. Of the two horses, one was dark and friendly and resigned to being left in the stable, the other was looking interested and saddled ready for action. This was Dabs, to whom I was introduced by Marie. Marie is a barefoot rider, which is a little misleading as she was wearing a nice pair of riding boots. It is actually the horse that is unshod, and that was also a little misleading, as Dabs was wearing four rather sweet rubber boots, shaped to the hoof and fastened with Velcro. There were no metal shoes hammered into the hoof. But being a barefoot horse is not just about the shoes. The horse is given a more natural lifestyle. A carefully balanced diet is all important, particularly in limiting the amount of sugar, as this can lead to inflammation in the joints, and laminitis (inflammation in the binding structure of the hoof). Marie also chooses not to use a bit to the bridle, and wants to practise careful, balanced riding. This was my reason for coming -I was here to observe a lesson in the Alexander Technique given by Carolyn Nicholls.
We walked to the riding area, where Marie removed Dabs' shoes. I was impressed with how helpful he was, picking up his feet for her in a very gentle horselike way. I had never seen a horse quite so helpful, and Marie later explained that this is actually a big deal. In the wild, horses can be at risk from predators. By giving you their hoof they are limiting their powers of running away, so they have to trust you.
Next Marie attached the reins, and she and Carolyn moved to the centre of the area, while I remained by the gate. Marie encouraged Dabs to walk, trot, and canter around in almost circles, explaining that this warmed him up before riding. Carolyn reminded Marie to think of her use. As she directed, Dabs seemed to move more freely, being very aware of his surroundings and his rider. I noticed that each time he approached where I was standing, he kept a wary eye on me -an unknown human obviously needs watching. I too looked after my own use so that he wouldn't find me quite so worrying.
When Marie mounted, I moved to the centre of the ring to stand with Carolyn and observe how she taught Marie ‘at a distance’. She suggested Marie lengthen down the backs of her legs, with her heels directing down. Marie seemed to be sitting well into the saddle, and I was surprised how much movement there was in her back as Dabs walked. It flexed forward and back, and from side to side. I had previously thought that riding was very good for the back, but Marie told me that riders frequently have problems if they don’t think about their use. There was the story of a rider whose back `went' when she was in the saddle, and she was faced with the problem of getting to the ground. As someone who has suffered in the past from a back in spasm, I can hardly bear to think about that.
When Marie changed the pace Carolyn encouraged her to use more inhibition, resisting the desire to push with the back to make the change happen. She suggested choosing whether to change on an out-breath or an in-breath, and to notice the breathing rhythm of the horse, synchronising with her own breathing. I have to confess I found it very hard to see how Dabs was breathing as he trotted past. But Marie afterwards said that she really wants to work on the breathing in canter -it obviously struck a chord with her.
Marie brought Dabs to a halt, and then they went backwards. Without apparent argument. I was very impressed. But Carolyn suggested that as Marie prepared, she direct her chest forward, keep her hands open on the reins, and gather Dabs back. There was a moment of waiting, of doing nothing, and then Dabs moved backwards more smoothly. You can see this moment on the YouTube video at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pThbdJl9DdQ.
A little later, Marie and Dabs again came to a halt. As Marie asked Dabs to reverse, I became aware something was wrong. Dabs had noticed a strange noise (it was so distant it took me a while to realise that this was the earth-shattering problem it obviously was for Dabs). His ears went back, and he clearly thought some life-saving action was necessary. Marie waited, Marie inhibited. We could see Dabs' attention coming back to her, his ears going forward, his realisation that, oh yes, he was being asked to do something, oh all right then. He went backwards. Marie was very pleased; she mentioned how she had been so frustrated about Dabs' anxiety, but she was much calmer about it now, and it was no longer a problem.
As the lesson progressed, I could see more clearly how Marie's use was reflected in Dabs' -his ears were a great indicator, as they went forward when he was happy, and he was clearly happy when Marie lengthened up. He also raised his head, seeming to free his own neck in harmony with Marie, and I was reminded of the section in Black Beauty1 where it was the fashion to tighten the horse's harness to force the neck to arch and the head to be held up. It was supposed to look better, but restricted the horse's breathing and reduced its muscle power. Here was Marie achieving that same result -the head held beautifully high -without the disadvantages, by un-tightening herself.
At the end of the lesson, Marie told me she had been having Alexander lessons for about six months before she had her first lesson on horseback. Today was her ninth lesson with Dabs. She was thrilled at how much her riding had improved and said she could not have achieved it without the Technique. Her comment to Carolyn on the video of the lesson was:
"I was looking at the first three or four videos earlier, and the change between those and this one is absolutely stunning, absolutely stunning. You just would not think that it was the same horse and rider. I hope you are very proud -you have helped us both so much."
Before I met Marie and Dabs I was a little doubtful about this barefoot business. Horses are shod and wear bits, and surely that is the way it is. Indeed, Marie told me that although she can compete and be judged in competitions, she can't receive a rosette because Dabs doesn't wear a bit. But now I have seen them in action, and understood that Marie bases her care of Dabs on how horses naturally live in the wild, it all makes so much sense. I am sure the spirit of Anna Sewell is cheering her on.
1. Black Beauty by Anna Sewell: required reading for animal-loving children, although tissues are needed!
© 2011 Francesca Aldridge
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The Thr33
The Thr33: Ticketmaster Extends U.S. Soccer Deal, Rolling Loud to Stream on SiriusXM & Music Tastes Good Goes on Hiatus
Taylor Mims
TICKETMASTER EXTENDS DEAL WITH U.S. SOCCER
Ticketmaster has entered into a long-term agreement with U.S. Soccer Federation to deploy Ticketmaster’s identity-based ticketing platform, Presence, across the U.S. Men’s and Women’s National Team games. In 2018, U.S. Soccer hosted 20 international home Men’s & Women’s National Team games, serving more than 250,000 fans. MORE >>
ROLLING LOUD TO STREAM ON SIRIUSXM >>
SiriusXM will broadcast performances and backstage interviews from Rolling Loud in Miami this weekend on Hip Hop Nation channel 44. Headlined by Travis Scott, the festival features Migos, Lil Baby, Lil Yachty, Rick Ross, Goldlink and City Girls. MORE >>
MUSIC TASTES GOOD GOES ON HIATUS FOR 2019
Long Beach’s Music Tastes Good festival will go on hiatus for 2019. After three years running, MTG’s executive producer John Molina told the LB Post “It’s not canceled; it’s on hiatus,” due to the crowded Southern California festival market. MORE >>
Taylor Mims is Amplify's News Editor. She is a Los Angeles native and received her Masters in Creative Writing from Cal State Long Beach.
Home Free Will ‘Go Anywhere As Long As’ Fans Are There Too
See Tickets Signs 40th Independent Venue in the U.S.
Love Wins: Carrie Keepin It Real For Them Kids In Sactown
The Thr33: Dave Brooks Promoted at Billboard, J Anthony Lopez to Manage Dallas CC & Donna Dowless to Receive IAVM Award
The Sylvee Welcomes the Sound of Madness
A Fitting Gift For An Elder Millennial
New Kids on the Block Taking Over The Country “Step By Step”
LA Attends Church on Friday & Saturday
Neo City Takes Over the City of Angels
The Thr33: Cheat Codes Signs with UTA, Phantom Planet Signs with ICM & Scooter Braun to Manage Demi Lovato
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Home » Our data » OpenGeoscience » Publications » Viewer » Open Reports » Publication record details
Hydrogeological investigations at Morestead, Twyford, 2010-2011
OR/11/043
Sorensen, J.P.R.; Butcher, A.S.; Stuart, M.E.; Townsend, B.R.
This report describes work undertaken at Morestead, Twyford during the 2010/11 recharge season as part of a BGS research project NEE 3344S 'Nitrate Fluctuations in Groundwater'. The previous recharge seasons have been reported earlier in Sorensen et al. (2010a; 2010b). The project uses the same site as that described in Stuart et al. (2008a) for the project 'Nitrate Mass Balance in the Saturated Zone'. This year a third set of data were obtained from the multi-level sampler. Additional procedures were also introduced, as recommended in Sorensen et al. (2010b), to further avoid the potential for sample contamination. Samples were also bailed from the water table on each visit and discrete constant depth samples were taken from Borehole A. During the 2010/11 recharge season groundwater levels varied between 26.1 m bd in October 2010 and only 19.4 m bd in February 2011. The groundwater hydrograph was characterised by an initial rise in water level to 19.4 m bd in early February, a small decline and then a second peak in mid-March. Groundwater levels then declined following an unusually dry March and April and therefore failed to reach the typical maximum levels. A total of 140 samples were collected from Borehole B between 25.9 and 19.4 m bd at a typical depth resolution of 0.05 m. These indicated concentrations of chloride, sulphate and nitrate (as NO3) range between 11.6 and 27.8 mg/l, 7.3 and 24.8 mg/l, and 19.7 and 50.4 mg/l, respectively. Additionally 11 samples were retrieved in the multi-level sampler above the water table. Many of these samples were so dilute that they tend towards expected rainfall composition. Other samples which contained typical groundwater concentrations of chloride are depleted in sulphate and usually nitrate. This could be indicative of these waters been reduced at some point or possibly of an alternative contaminant source which is relatively enriched in chloride such as road salt. One sample collected above the water table contained elevated concentrations of nitrate and this has occurred in both previous recharge seasons. Analysis of the groundwater samples indicated: A general rising trend in nitrate groundwater concentration with water levels between 26 and 19.4 m bd, although reductions in concentration do often follow peaks. Sudden increases in concentration at 24.2, 21.6, 20.7, 20.1 m bd which sometimes correspond with open fractures. This trend is similar to the 2009/10 recharge season. Concentrations always below the porewater concentration at the estimated same depth. No correlation between the observed trends and site visits indicating there are no issues with the current sampling procedure. Constant depth samples in Borehole A suggested initial concentrations of chloride, sulphate and nitrate were similar to those recorded 26-25 m bd in Borehole B but final concentrations were lower. This is indicative of some, but not complete, mixing between shallower and deeper groundwaters. Several recommendations to tackle remaining areas of uncertainty have also been suggested.
View online | View on NORA
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Sheila O'Flanagan's Top Five Romantic Heroes
Top Five Romantic Heroes in Literature
by Sheila O'Flanagan
Mr Darcy - Pride & Prejudice
Oh, I know it’s a cliche. Everyone loves Mr Darcy. But the thing is, he’s a great hero. A snob, certainly but Elizabeth deals with that and takes him down a peg or two. It’s his dealing with the whole Wickham situation that does it for me. Even though he’s not a fan of the Bennet family he knows what a disaster Lydia’s elopement will be for them and so he sorts it. Because he loves Elizabeth. A definite keeper!
Sir Percy Blakeney - The Scarlet Pimpernel
I fell in love with the foppish Sir Percy when I was about thirteen. He’s madly in love with his wife but he thinks she betrayed aristocratic friends during the French revolution. As he’s secretly the Scarlet Pimpernel and risks his life rescuing them from the guillotine, he can’t trust her anymore. So they have this icy relationship which is breaking her heart and his. One night, after an argument, when she walks up a flight of steps away from him and into the house, he kisses each step. Aww…..
Jack Reacher - The Jack Reacher Series
Definitely not a Keeper as he tends to have casual sex in every novel, but he’s the epitome of an unreconstructed man with a heart of gold who can’t bear to see an injustice done. I’ve lost count of the number of damsels in distress he’s rescued, but if I was in a tight situation I’d be very happy to see him walk through the door, even if I knew he’d been wearing the same clothes for the last week!
Mikael Blomkvist - The Millenium Trilogy
Mikael isn’t a conventional romantic hero, and his relationship with Lisbeth Sander isn’t based on romance either, but he’s a man who wants to do the right thing. And (despite the Swedish title of the first novel - Men Who Hate Women) he is someone who is very much on the side of the damaged heroine of the novels. I like him for that.
Bertie Wooster - the Jeeves and Wooster series
In a million years I wouldn’t have a relationship with someone as daft as Bertie Wooster. He keeps getting engaged to totally unsuitable women, for one thing, generally out of a sense of noblesse oblige. But he’s game for a laugh, loves a cocktail or ten, and allows himself to be persuaded to do anything to help out a friend. However I think Sebastian Faulks, in Jeeves and the Wedding Bells, might just have finally nailed it for Bertie as a romantic lead!
Title: If You Were Me.
Author: Sheila O'Flanagan.
Publisher: Headline.
Genre: Women's Fiction.
Publication Date: March 12, 2015.
Purchase: Amazon UK
On a sultry summer evening in Seville, anything can happen...
Carlotta O'Keefe is happily engaged, and the wedding plans are coming together. She's clear about her future path, both personally and in her busy career. Maybe Chris doesn't make her heart race every time she sees him, but you can't have that feeling for ever. Can you?
Then, on a trip to Seville, Carlotta runs into Luke Evans. Luke broke her heart so long ago she'd almost convinced herself she'd forgotten him. Now, he's not that boy any more, but an attractive and intriguing man. And he can explain everything that happened way back when.
Suddenly Carlotta's not so sure of anything any more. Except that what she decides now will shape the rest of her life...
'In Love with Romance' ~ Guest Post by Julie Shack...
Review ~ The Girl On The Train by Paula Hawkins.
Review ~ The Girls Take Manhattan by Nicola Dohert...
Author Interview ~ Katherine Webb.
Review ~ How to Fly with Broken Wings by Jane Elso...
Netgalley Challenge update and extension!
April Paperback Month!
Review ~ How to Bake the Perfect Christmas Cake by...
Review ~ The Last Days of Disco by David F. Ross.
Review ~ Hard to Handle by Jessica Lemmon.
Review ~ Goodness, Grace and Me by Julie Houston.
Review ~ The Secrets Sisters Keep by Sinéad Moriar...
Review ~ Love Bomb by Jenny McLachlan.
Review & Guest Post ~ You Belong To Me by Samantha...
Review ~ You Had Me at Bonjour by Jennifer Bohnet....
CLIC Sargent Get in Character Campaign ~ Interview...
Cover Reveal ~ The Island Escape by Kerry Fisher
Review ~ New Habits by Eleanor Stewart.
Review ~ People We Love by Jenny Harper.
Review ~ Behind the Scenes by Sophie Childs.
<div align="center"><a href="http://www.book-drunk.co.uk" rel="nofollow" title="Book Drunk" target="_blank"><img src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-34VG4tAfmOM/WWk3o1q-biI/AAAAAAAAM8o/PIkUuiZ6WkcNnojyBkjEh8junJCljBVSwCLcBGAs/s220/logo2.png" alt="Book Drunk" style="border:none;" /></a></div>
Sophie has read 0 books toward her goal of 24 books.
All images and content © Sophie Hedley.
Please note that some blog posts may contain affiliate links.
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« Previous Month Next Month »
An Interview with Michael Greenberg
I hated the whole period. I suppose it made it stronger in a certain way. There's something about being an autodidact. One is, there's the classic autodidact who has very little subtlety. He's come to his ideas by himself and really clings to them. There's the other side of the autodidact, which is, what you've learned you really own, because you came to it by yourself. You can develop your own sensibility, and it's less derivative. It's less predictible. I think that made me stronger as a writer, going at it that way. I didn't plan it. No one plans a writing life. I think that's what I managed.
by Jessa Crispin
An Interview with Ron Charles
You can�t leave the bestseller list completely behind, of course. You have to lead people, not stand far away and scream at them about all these esoteric books that you think are so important. I think the trick is to see where they are, where their tastes are, and then try to lead them gently into books that they will like, that they can relate to, that you can interest them in because they liked some other book.
by Barbara J. King
Not for Sale: Reading Michael Greenberg�s Beg, Borrow, Steal: A Writer�s Life
I�m so, so tired of reading about how writing should be demystified, how it doesn�t work the way Cortazar describes at all, how you toil at it slowly like you�re scrubbing a toilet, how the important parts are rewriting everything (preferably with the help of a gaggle of fellow workshop women) and killing your darlings and not getting personally attached to your work, how �good rejection letters� are a cause for celebration, and how you should take a class at Mediabistro or teach one at Barnes and Noble. by Elizabeth Bachner
An Interview with Shaun Tan
An Interview with Brandon Scott Gorrell
I find it hard to write metaphors, or, even, about feelings other than isolation, depression, alienation, sarcasm, irony, and low self-confidence in an almost 100% 'concrete,' mostly rhetoric-free way without feeling 'totally gay,' yet I want to write about these things. It is a self-esteem problem, I think.
by Michael Schaub
An Interview with Horacio Castellanos Moya
Literature is an excellent instrument for questioning and transgressing against accepted ideas, as long as it does so on the basis of specifics. The challenge for the writer of fiction is this: to submit ideas to the pressure of the inherent laws of the narrative text. Anything else is propaganda, regardless of from where or against whom it�s written. by Stephen Henighan
"When Does It Stop?": Writing a Black Woman's Life
Escaping to safety was a useful mechanism for dealing with a cold, unwelcoming world, but it wasn�t enough. Una learnt to speak out in public and to write poems and plays addressing her experiences in inter-war Britain. The "blues," written Jamaican style, her play London Calling, a comedy of manners, and her articles on feminism, women�s rights and cultural affairs trace the trauma of migration and the engagement with difference.
by Dee Jarrett-Macauley
An Interview with Dan Chaon
Identity theft is the thing that drives the plot forward, but it�s not something that I felt like I could do a lot of description of. I feel the descriptions of identity theft and the process are treated with kid gloves because I didn�t want it to take over the book. A lot of the stuff I was writing about by the time it was in readers� hands was kind of old news. That�s the nature of the internet. That�s why I think it�s difficult for novelists to write about the internet.
by Michele Filgate
An Interview with Minal Hajratwala
We also live in a time when a lot of questioning of the very concept of "identity" is going on. So we're seeing, too, attempts to transcend narrow boxes of identity and claim multiple identities in a kind of layered way; so for example I can be Gujarati, queer, South Asian, lesbian, a writer, a poet, Indian, American, etc., and allow all of those identities to co-exist as easily or uneasily as they do. In a way I think of them as memberships, not essences. by Niranjana Iyer
But Not for Long by Michelle Wildgen
The Creepy Girl and Other Stories by Janet Mitchell
That Summertime Sound by Matthew Specktor
Finch by Jeff VanderMeer
Cairo Modern by Naguib Mahfouz
Diary of a Witness by Catherine Ryan Hyde
The China Lover by Ian Buruma
Await Your Reply by Dan Chaon
Overqualified by Joey Comeau
Hell by Robert Olen Butler
Refresh, Refresh by Danica Novgorodoff, Benjamin Percy, and James Ponsoldt
The Complete Stories of J.G. Ballard
To Siberia by Per Petterson
Misconception by Ryan Boudinot
The Anthologist by Nicholson Baker
The King of Sweden by Norman Lock
Fado by Andrzej Stasiuk
The Simpsons: An Uncensored, Unauthorized History by John Ortved
The Guinea Pig Diaries: My Life as an Experiment by A.J. Jacobs
On Monsters: An Unnatural History of Our Worst Fears by Stephen T. Asma
The Wicked Son: Anti-Semitism, Self-hatred, and the Jews by David Mamet
The Fossil Hunter: Dinosaurs, Evolution, and the Woman Whose Discoveries Changed the World by Shelley Emling
Hundred Books project
Bookslut in Training
Bradbury Season
Cookbookslut
When the Wolf is at the Door, One Turns to the Experts...
Mystery Strumpet
American Psychos
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WVU Football
WVU Basketball
WVU Baseball
WVU Golf
WVU Womens Soccer
WVU Mens Soccer
WVU Women’s Basketball
Osabuohien brings energy to Mountaineers
Rod Thorn’s Number To Be Retired
Women’s Hoops continues to move up in AP Poll
WVU coaches and players talk win over TCU
Photo Gallery: TCU vs. WVU
Home > Posts tagged "Cam Ridley"
Tag: Cam Ridley
WVU, Texas ready for rematch
by Shanna Rose - February 16, 2016 097
MORGANTOWN, W.Va.--The 10th-ranked West Virginia Mountaineers are on a mission to win the Big 12 championship and the next stop is Austin, Texas, where WVU is looking to avenge a loss to No. 24 Texas. The Longhorns defeated the Mountaineers 56-49 on Jan. 20 in Morgantown. WVU came out with a lackluster
No.6 WVU returns home to battle Texas
by Shanna Rose - January 19, 2016 0114
MORGANTOWN, W.Va.--Last week the West Virginia Mountaineers made a statement to the nation when they knocked off the then-No.1 Kansas and took then No.2-Oklahoma to the wire. On Wednesday night, the sixth-ranked Mountaineers will look to keep rolling at the top of the Big 12 standings when Shaka Smart and the
No. 20 Texas powers past No. 16 West Virginia
by Shanna Rose - January 17, 2015 January 18, 2015 0216
Cam Ridley scored 19 points and the No. 20 Texas Longhorns demolished the No. 16 West Virginia Mountaineers 77-50 on Saturday night. Miles Turner had 16 points and Jonathan Holmes recorded a double-double with 16 points and 11 rebounds and the Longhorns snapped a two game losing skid. The Mountaineers struggled offensively, shooting
WVUBaseball
WVU inks Mazey to contract extension
September 23, 2019 September 23, 2019 0806
MORGANTOWN, W.Va. (Sept. 23, 2019) --West Virginia University Director of Athletics and Associate Vice President Shane Lyons has announced a three-year contract extension for baseball coach Randy Mazey that will
WVU Baseball announces two fall games against Marshall
Former Mountaineer McBroom called up to major leagues
September 3, 2019 September 3, 2019 0784
January 17, 2020 January 17, 2020 0127
MORGANTOWN, W.Va.–Hard work, perseverance and grit can define a person’s career. That is what has earned some players respect and admiration over the years during their careers at West Virginia. WVU's
MORGANTOWN, W.Va.--Check out Shanna Rose's photos from WVU's win over TCU on Tuesday night.
Smith Named to FWAA Freshman All-American Team
Neal Brown adds two new coaches to staff
Luck Announces Home Golf Courses
December 17, 2014 02705
MORGANTOWN, W.Va. – West Virginia University Director of Athletics Oliver Luck announced Tuesday that the Mountaineer golf team will practice and, starting next season, compete at eight different home courses.
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Rachel Wakelin awarded The RIBA Serjeant Award for Excellence in Architectural Drawing at Part II
22 Worple Road completes
Fred Perry New York City opens
77 Coleman approaches completion
Eccleston Yards named as 2020 Civic Trust Awards Regional Finalist
Planning approval for 27 Eccleston Place
New town, old ideals
BuckleyGrayYeoman shortlisted for Employer of the Year Award
Category Archives: Mixed Use
Our Eccleston Yards project has been named as a 2020 Civic Trust Awards Regional Finalist. The project, on behalf of Grosvenor Britain & Ireland, redevelops a previously derelict and under-utilised car park between Victoria and Belgravia to create an energetic co-working hub for visitors and creative talent that champions the reuse of existing buildings in London. Since opening in 2018, the scheme provides workspace, studios and retail units tailored to independent businesses, entrepreneurs and creative talent. BuckleyGrayYeoman was commissioned to design the redevelopment of Eccleston Yards, the mixed-use creative hub to the south…
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open photo gallery
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Renovation on behalf of Grosvenor Britain & Ireland will breathe new life into a former industrial building adjacent to its hub for independent businesses, entrepreneurs and creative talent – Eccleston Yards – located on the boundaries of Victoria and Belgravia. Planners in the City of Westminster have granted planning consent for the renovation of a former ice factory at 27 Eccleston Place, Belgravia. 27 Eccleston Place was built in 1830 as an ice factory and in its near 200-year history has been adapted as a coachworks, a power station and most recently a garage. It sits within the Belgravia Conservation Area and in close proximity to rows of Grade II-listed Regency and Victorian houses. BuckleyGrayYeoman’s design…
72 Broadwick Street granted planning permission
BuckleyGrayYeoman has been granted planning permission for the major refurbishment of a 70,000 sq ft mixed-use space on behalf of Shaftesbury PLC. 72 Broadwick St forms a major urban block on the junction of Carnaby and Broadwick St and will continue to offer a range of uses including offices, restaurants, a gym, retail and residential apartments after extensive renovation. The consented proposal for the six storeys plus basement of 72 Broadwick Street retains the complex mix of uses housed within the building, including ground floor retail and restaurants, offices, a 3000 sq m gym and residential apartments on the upper storeys. At ground level the new building has significant retail frontage facing onto…
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Exporting Shoreditch
BuckleyGrayYeoman has completed its first project in Barcelona: Tanger 66, on behalf of UK and European Investments and Urban Input. Located in the 22@ innovation district in Poblenou, a former industrial area that is the subject of one of Europe’s largest regeneration projects, Tanger 66 has repurposed a mid-century industrial building to create 80,000sqft of workspace. The building was snapped up in its entirety by Hewlett Packard, which pre-let the building ahead of completion. BuckleyGrayYeoman has also just won a competition for a second project in the city against a contingent of Spanish Architects. The company…
BuckleyGrayYeoman have demolished a four-storey 1960s office building and replaced it with a six-storey building, with a retail unit on the ground and lower ground floor, divided into four floors of office space and one duplex penthouse. Each office floor has its own private balcony to the rear and secure bicycle parking on the ground floor. The façade is elegant and contemporary, clad in light brick laid with varying orientations and bonds to articulate the façade. Reconstituted stone lintels span the window bays adding further visual interest. On the ground floor, green glazed bricks have provided a hardwearing finish that differentiates the use of the shop. Aluminium framed full-height windows with Juliette balconies…
design by Harding
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Movie Billboards
Sword & Sandal
Biographic & History
Suspense - Thriller
Musical Romance
Family Musicals
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Shorts & Newsreels
Burn "Em Up Barnes (1934)
The Adventures of Captain Marvel (1941)
The Mysery Squadron (1933)
The Clutching Hand (1936)
The Green Archer (1940)
Ace Drummond (1936)
Don Winslow of the Navy (1942)
Robinson Crusoe of Clipper Island (1936)
The Adventures of Rex and Rinty (1935)
The New Adventures of Tarzan (1935)
Dick Tracy (1937)
The Hurricane Express (1932)
Holt of the Secret Service (1941)
Sea Raiders (1941)
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Undersea Kingdom (1936)
Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe (1940)
Manhunt of Mystery Island (1945)
War / Military
The Adventures of Smilin' Jack (1943)
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Magnetic Resonator Piano
In Spring 2019 Jeremy Wagner set out to build a piano resonating device for upcoming research projects and performances by CNMAT composers. This work draws heavily on prior design work by Per Bloland, et al. with some improvements specific to upcoming CNMAT projects. The design brief called for a device meeting the following criteria:
resonate piano strings (and any similarly magnetic object) across a wide range of frequencies and dynamics utilizing a magnetic field modulated by an audio signal
the device should be modular, expandable, and precisely adjustable without interfering with the normal operation of the piano
The device should be robust and reliable, easily transported, and quickly & easily installed on various types of pianos
to the extents possible, the device should be constructed with readily available and easily sourced materials.
Our version of the magnetic resonator piano meets all of these design aims and was debuted in the premiere of Edmund Campion’s Late Bloomer for piano (4-hands) and magnetic resonator as part of the Interpretations series at Roulette, Brooklyn, NY, May 2, 2019.
Jeremy Wagner designed and fabricated the device drawing heavily on the work of Per Bloland who has done pioneering work in this area. His website, http://magneticpiano.com, has been an invaluable resource in this project. We note departures from the original design in the following sections.
Theory:
The main design problem for magnetically resonating piano strings comes down to a bit of basic physics. From the relevant equation for a solenoid…
…where B is the magnetic flux density, N is the number of turns in the coil, I is the current running through the coil, l is the length of the coil, µ0 is the permeability of free space, and µeff is the effective permeability of the core material. Wetherefore find that the magnetic field delivered into the string will be maximized by minimizing the length of our driving coil while maximizing, each, the number of turns of wire in that coil, the effective permeability of our core and the amount of current delivered into that coil. Each of these optimization criteria pose engineering problems and tradeoffs that have been taken into account in the construction of our resonating device.
Amplifier:
Since the magnetic force generated by any coil will be proportional to current, we needed an amplifier built to maximize current delivery. This requires a specialized type of amplifier known as a transconductance amplifier which generates a current proportional to a signal voltage. We used a 12-channel circuit designed by Andrew McPherson which for Bloland’s original magnetic resonator piano. In correspondence with McPherson, we identified some of the common failure modes of that circuit related to heat dissipation and power supply voltage, taking some care to ameliorate those concerns in our execution of the design.
McPherson reported that the original design, when operated near its voltage limits, was susceptible to damage from inductive kickback when multiple coils were switched off at the same time. Essentially, the kickback from the simultaneous shut-off of multiple coils could dump enough energy into the power rails to destroy some of the integrated circuits. As such, we sized our power supply for ±24V as opposed to ±32V to allow some safety factor such that all 12 coils can shut down simultaneously without damage to the amplifier. Using a smaller power supply had the added benefits of reducing the overall size of the enclosure and running the circuit at a lower voltage helped to slightly reduce heat generated by the circuit.
The second concern associated with this circuit is heat dissipation. The circuit is built around six LM1876 amplifier ICs. In our initial tests with a 2-channel version of this circuit we observed that even with a sizeable heat sink, the circuit could get alarmingly hot. Certain coil impedances resulted in the heatsink reaching nearly 80°C. As such, when scaling up to 12-channels, great care was taken in sizing the heatsink for fan-less operation at supply voltages up to ±32V and ambient temperatures of 50°C, plus safety factor. This required an enormous heatsink with a thermal resistance of around 0.30°C/W. Further considerations related to enclosure design led us to specify an even larger heatsink of 0.24°C/W, which comprises a block of aluminum fins 3” x 7” x 12”. The amplifier still gets warm to the touch, but not uncomfortably so.
An enclosure incorporating the circuit, power supply heatsink, TRS input jacks and banana plug outputs was designed, etched and laser cut from acrylic sheet at the Jacob’s Institute for Design innovation.
Coil design:
Optimizing the efficiency of the coils was a major concern in this project and remains the focus of ongoing research. As opposed to Bloland’s approach, which used off-the-shelf electromagnets as coils, we experimented with a wide range of coil designs. We alighted on a very simple and inexpensive design that balances the design parameters of current handling, turns density and length into a fairly compact and effective coil design. Our coils are made from simple, 1/4-20 shank bolts from the local hardware store. We found bolts with ½” shanks, which when fitted with two laser-cut acetate washers to render a coil form, could accept 800 turns (about 70 feet) of 30AWG magnet wire. This yields a coil of about 8 ohms resistance that performs exceptionally well through most of the range of the piano. These standard bolts are made from carbon steel, which, while not ideal as a core material, nonetheless performs quite well in carrying the excitation field. The mechanical properties of these bolts also proved convenient in fixturing: the flats of their caps made for convenient mounting points for our neodymium focusing magnets, which are superglued to the end of the bolt to form a Halbach array, and their threads allowed easy mounting in our suspension system. Each coil is threaded into a non-conducting, non-magnetic acrylic rod, and the entire assembly is held in place by our fixturing system.
Suspension System:
For the suspension system we wanted to build a framework that was rigid, modular and precisely adjustable that could also be quickly installed or removed with repeatable results. We arrived at a solution that mounts an aluminum t-slot extrusion to the ribs of the piano with the help of some switchable magnets. This fixture then accommodates mounting of the aluminum height adjusters that carry the coil carriage assemblies.
This fixture required some custom bracketry which we designed and fabricated using a water-jet cutter at the Jacob’s institute for Design Innovation.
In its initial debut at Roulette, Brooklyn, NY on May 2, 2019, the device performed extraordinarily well. Campion’s piece, uses the device to alter the resonance at several points throughout a 20 minute piano work. As the piece ends, the pianists leave the sustain pedal depressed as a composed resonance emerges from their final chord. This resonance continues on for about 3 minutes, migrating through the entire range of the piano.
One of the surprises of this performance was the degree to which the device alters the tuning of the instrument. For the performance, the device was installed on a 9’ Steinway Model D. The piano had been tuned that morning just prior to rehearsals, but when the piano tuner arrived to do a touch-up prior to the concert, he was astonished by how far the piano had gone out of tune since that morning. I had noticed this effect in our testing in Berkeley. The magnetic attraction of the Halbach array magnets, coupled with the constant attraction of the coils when operated in “single-ended” mode, serves to provide a small but significant upward baseline deflection of the piano string. This corresponds to an increase in the overall tension applied to the string, sending the note sharp. For notes with multiple strings, the unevenness of the applied force results in the notes going out of tune with themselves. Our piano tuner made heroic efforts to retune the piano to correct for these changes, but also realized that when the device was removed at intermission, many of the notes would be out again once more. Thankfully, he was amused enough by the device that he stayed for the concert and graciously retuned the piano after the device was removed during intermission. Knowing this, we may do away with the neodymium magnets and try running the amplifier in standard “double-ended” mode. These changes may decrease the achievable volume, but could allow the instrument to better remain in tune.
Another result of the first performance was a notable discrepancy in the performance of coils on the bass strings. These strings are physically more massive than the treble strings and require more time and energy to get going. Custom coils will need to be designed and tested for these strings, possibly featuring multiple coils in series or parallel coils of various inductances.
Lastly, when considering scaling the device to the full piano range, it seems obvious that another means of individually addressing strings should be explored. Already, in this 12-channel version we are reaching the limits of available interfaces. For the concert, we used a MOTU 1248 to provide analog input to the amplifier. The 1248 was connected over AVB to a MOTU Ultralite AVB, allowing control of the device over some distance. However, this invites the notion it might be possible to incorporate an AVB endpoint directly into the amplifier housing, thereby providing a reliable single ethernet connection to the system that could be operated over a great distance.
Additional Project Images
Jeremy Wagner
May 7, 2019 - 2:41pm
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You are here: Home / Module 4 Management / 4.2 Succession planning
Many egg businesses throughout Europe are family owned operations. Indeed the EU egg sector relies heavily on the continuity and success of the family business.
In the USASME sector less than one third of family businesses survive the transition from first to second generation ownership. Of those that do, about half do not survive the transition from second to third generation ownership. As an example of EU statistics, In Ireland in 2008, the EU Commission commissioned Tom Martin & Associates/TMA to conduct a study “Overview of Family Business Relevant Issues”. Family owned businesses are estimated to account for three-quarters of all enterprises in Ireland and to account for half of employment in the private sector. Additionally, it has been estimated that 31 of Ireland’s top 50 private companies are family owned.
The respected USA based John F. Baugh Center for Entrepreneurship, tell us there are four basic reasons why family firms fail to transfer the business from generation to generation successfully:
Lack of planning (The primary cause for failure)
Lack of viability of the business
Little desire on the owner’s part to transfer the firm.
Reluctance of offspring to join the firm
However, research has shown that with the right plans in place, the business, in most cases, will remain healthy.
There are four plans that make up the transition process. By implementing these plans, you will virtually ensure the successful transfer of the business within the family hierarchy.
The plans are
A strategic plan for the business will allow each generation an opportunity to chart a course for the business . Setting business goals as a family will ensure that everyone has a clear picture of the company’s future.
The family strategic plan establishes policies for the family’s role in the business. It seeks to avoid later conflicts about compensation, sibling rivalry, ownership and management control. It may include
an entry and exit policy that outlines the criteria for working in the business.
A mission statement that spells out the family’s values and basic policies for the business.
Addressing other issues that are important to your family.
A succession plan will ease the founding or current generation’s concerns. It would typically outline how succession will occur and how to know when the successor is ready. Many founders do not want to let go of the company because they are afraid the successors are not prepared. Often, heirs sense this reluctance and plan an alternative career.
An estate plan is critical for the family and the business requiring specialist tax advise regarding inheritance taxes.
A very useful document with templates is available & goes into valuable detail on each of these plans. While it was published over a decade ago, it is still extremely relevant today.
Title TRANSFERRING MANAGEMENT IN THE FAMILY-OWNED BUSINESS
By Professor Nancy Bowman-Upton
Link http://archive.sba.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/sba_homepage/serv_sbp_exit.pdf
Blogs on the topic of Succession Planning
http://bx.businessweek.com/succession-planning/blogs/
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Home March 2019
07/03/2019 | by admin | No comments
No near-term deals for BHP spin-off
BHP Billiton’s spin-off South32 is keeping its eye out for opportunistic mergers and acquisitions but is in no rush to seal any deals, chief executive Graham Kerr says.
Mr Kerr says any deal would also have to be sold “very strongly” to investors.
He said mergers and acquisitions were not a key strategy for South32, which bundles together BHP Billiton’s aluminium, base metals, silver, manganese and coal assets.
“I think M&A is always opportunistic and you only do it for value,” Mr Kerr told reporters.
“We will look, we’ll be aware of M&A opportunities, but we would only pursue those if we had the mandate from our investors and we saw value.
“The industry gets fixated on growth for growth’s sake – we’ll be very focused on how we grow our cashflow.”
Mr Kerr’s comments came as BHP Billiton’s shareholders in Australia and Britain overwhelmingly backed the mining giant’s plans to spin off South32 as a separate entity.
At meetings held in Perth and London late on Wednesday, shareholders voted in favour of the spin-off.
When asked about the commodities that South32 could have on its divestment radar, Mr Kerr said each asset would have to “win the right to stay in the portfolio”.
He touched on the company’s coal assets, saying they were “not the most value accretive way we can see ourselves using our people, time or resources at the moment”.
“I think our investors in the first six months would be expecting us to actually deliver on the regional model, deliver on increased productivity and operational targets to build up a sense of confidence in the management team.
“At the same time with M&A, six months, 12 months, 18 months – we’ll always be prepared.”
Mr Kerr said South32 needed to think deeply about what it would do with its manganese assets, given volatile prices for the commodity.
Slowing down production while prices were low would be considered, he said.
Raiders prepare for tough Titans NRL clash
They beat defending premiers South Sydney but Canberra coach Ricky Stuart reckons Saturday’s clash with Gold Coast will be the Raiders’ toughest NRL match of the last month.
In the past four rounds, the Raiders have beaten Manly, Wests Tigers and last start toppled the Rabbitohs, with a narrow loss to Melbourne their only blemish.
But Stuart believes the Titans, on a run of three consecutive victories, pose a bigger threat – even without star forward Greg Bird following his eight-week suspension.
“They’re a very opportunistic football team,” Stuart told the club’s website on Thursday.
“They’ve scored the most tries in the NRL this year – 31 – and 12 of those have been scored from their tryline to their 20, so they’re 80-90 metre tries.
“So they have a lot of speed, a lot of talent; their back five are very, very fast.
“I personally think this game will be our toughest game over the last month.”
The Raiders have won four of their five matches on the road so far this season, but are yet to taste victory at GIO Stadium.
Not since Canberra’s inaugural 1982 side has the club lost its first three fixtures at home.
Stuart, eager to end that run this weekend, believes the Raiders have played better and more consistent football on their own turf but the results haven’t fallen their way.
“There’s two games we could’ve won, but we didn’t,” he said.
“But it’s a situation now of just making sure we’re doing the best prep for our next game and that’s the way we look at it.
“A lot of teams are 4-4, we’re in a very, very congested competition at the moment.
“It’s just a matter of trying to win the next match.”
The Raiders have named a similar line-up to the one that beat the Rabbitohs in Cairns, with Jordan Rapana cleared to play despite hurting his cheekbone.
Stuart said consistency was key to ensuring a place in the finals later in the year.
“Everybody wants to be fighting for a top-eight spot and consistent football early in the season, right through the representative season, is very important,” he said.
“And that comes from not having a lot of injuries and players in good form, so you can create combinations and have players gel together.”
Burnley in last-chance saloon, need a miracle
Sean Dyche’s side have earned plenty of plaudits for their style of play this season, but not enough goals or points.
When they stunned champions Manchester City 1-0 in March they were one point behind 17th place and survival appeared to be well within their grasp.
Five defeats and a 0-0 home draw with Tottenham Hotspur in their next six matches, however, leaves the humble Lancashire club needing a sporting miracle.
With three games left to play they have 26 points, compared to 17th placed Hull’s 34. They must beat Hull, Stoke City and Aston Villa and hope for favours elsewhere.
Despite their predicament, Dyche said his team remains motivated and midfielder Matt Taylor insists the fight goes on.
“There’s three games left and we’ll continue to fight,” Taylor told the Lancashire Telegraph.
“We won’t feel sorry for ourselves. We’ll dust ourselves down and go again.”
While Burnley’s Premier League status looks almost certain to last only one season, as it did in 2009-10, fellow promoted side Queens Park Rangers are also in dire straights, although Leicester City look like surviving.
QPR, on 27 points, will be doomed by the time they travel to Man City on Sunday, should Hull beat Burnley, Aston Villa beat West Ham United and Newcastle United beat West Bromwich Albion the day before.
Third from bottom Sunderland, who are a point behind Hull with a game in hand, could put the jitters up the teams just above them with victory in Saturday’s early kickoff at Everton.
A Sunderland win against Roberto Martinez’s side would take them, for a few hours at least, above free-falling North East rivals Newcastle United who have lost eight league games in a row and are spiralling out of control.
Newcastle, in 15th spot with 35 points, had two sent off in the 3-0 capitulation at Leicester last week, after which manager John Carver suggested defender Mike Williamson had got a red card on purpose.
Such is the disarray at St James’ Park that skipper Fabricio Coloccini wrote an open letter apologising to the club’s fans.
“Players and staff have come together in order to leave all past problems aside and to focus 100 percent on the three ‘cup finals’ that we have left,” he said.
With Chelsea already champions and Arsenal and Manchester City scrapping for second place, the only real intrigue at the top is whether fourth-placed Manchester United can clinch a place in the top four, having lost three consecutive games.
Victory at Crystal Palace on Saturday would ease their nerves.
(editing by Justin Palmer)
Federer falls under Kyrgios spell in Madrid exit
Ten months after the then 144th-ranked Kyrgios overwhelmed Rafa Nadal in the Wimbledon fourth round with a fearless brand of tennis, the Australian showed that he is a force to be reckoned with on clay too.
Now ranked 35th on the back of contesting his first ever ATP final in Estoril last weekend, Kyrgios brought an abrupt end to Federer’s hopes of winning a fourth Madrid trophy with a heart-pumping 6-7(2) 7-6(5) 7-6(12) victory.
“I think he’s the greatest of all time… I knew before the match that I would have to play one of the greatest matches I have ever played, I wasn’t intimidated at all,” the remarkably composed 20-year-old said courtside following his victory in two hours 37 minutes.
“It doesn’t really feel real at the moment. It’s a strange feeling… it’s pretty exciting.”
While Kyrgios was celebrating what he called “definitely the greatest win of my career”, Federer was condemned to his earliest exit in 11 visits to Madrid.
On the day he had hoped to celebrate the first birthday of his twin boys Lenny and Leo with a routine victory, the world number two was first rankled when Kyrgios broke him in the opening game of the match.
The irritation went up a few notches as he was heard snapping “We need a clown for this circus” when the second set slipped away from his grasp under a barrage of aces and crunching baseline winners.
Facing an opponent who was just eight when he won the first of his record 17 grand slam titles in 2003, Federer wasted two match points in the tension-filled third set tiebreak.
Instead Kyrgios was the one holding his arms aloft in victory after he wrapped up the contest on his sixth match point when Federer slammed a forehand wide.
Following a disappointing season in which he has claimed only one low-key title, Nadal went back to using his old racket model to record a 6-4 6-3 win over American Steve Johnson.
He was joined in the third round by Tomas Berdych and 10th seed Grigor Dimitrov but U.S. Open champion Marin Cilic followed Federer out of the exit door after a 6-7(5) 7-6(5) 6-3 defeat by Fernando Verdasco.
Kei Nishikori also progressed with a 6-2 4-6 6-4
victory over Belgian David Goffin, while second seed Andy Murray rounded out the day’s action with a 6-4 3-6 6-0 victory over Philipp Kohlschreiber.
(Writing by Pritha Sarkar, editing by Ed Osmond/Nick Mulvenney)
Britain’s opposition leader Miliband holds rally on eve of election
The leader of Britain’s main opposition party, Ed Miliband, rallied supporters to show up in force at polling stations on Thursday as he seeks to lead the next government in what appears to be the closest election race in the country for a generation.
Miliband addressed an audience of supporters in the northern English city of Leeds where he promised to reward hard workers.
“We’re fighting for a Britain where we reward the hard work of every working person not just those who get the six figure bonuses in our country. We’re fighting for a Britain where every young person whatever their background, wherever they’re from has a chance to live a better life than their parents.
“We’re fighting for a Britain where everyone plays by the same rules. And yes where we take on the tax evaders the hedge funds that avoid their taxes and the Tory donors and say enough is enough,” he said.
Miliband re-iterated his view that his Conservative rivals were a party for the rich and privileged.
“And in the closing hours of this campaign, this is my message to the British people. For five years this country has been run for the richest and most powerful but tomorrow is your day. Tomorrow it’s your voice that counts. Tomorrow you have the power to make Britain work for working people once again. You have the power to build a country which rewards hard work again.
“You have the power to build a future for our young people. You have the power to rescue our NHS. You have the power to elect a government that understands that it’s only when working people succeed that Britain succeeds. Use your power for you, your family, and for our NHS. Use your vote. Use your vote to vote Labour and together let’s build a country that works for working people once again,” he added.
A late burst of opinion polls on Wednesday suggested that Conservative Prime Minister David Cameron and Labour challenger Ed Miliband had fought each other to a standstill on the eve of Britain’s most unpredictable election in a generation.
Despite five weeks of campaigning, neither party has opened up a clear lead in the polls, pointing to a potentially messy and uncertain outcome from Thursday’s vote.
The stakes are high because Britain’s future in the European Union, as well as its national cohesion, could hinge on the result.
Cameron has promised to hold a referendum on whether to stay in the EU if he returns to power, while polls suggest Scottish nationalists could emerge as the third-largest party, despite losing a plebiscite last year on whether Scotland should break away from the United Kingdom.
Hezbollah plans to attack militants inside Syria
Labor premiers team up on pensioner cuts
Greece set to escape ban as sports law goes to parliament
Puma cuts profit forecast as strong dollar takes toll
Engage us earlier in anti-radicalisation moves, Muslim leaders say
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Big Food Conceals
Empowered by JustLabelIt.org
Some of our favorite big food companies are spending millions each year to keep us in the dark when it comes to what’s in our food and how it’s grown. Major food companies combined have spent more than $100 million on anti-labeling campaigns. And the Grocery Manufacturers Association, which includes a lengthy list of large food company members, is one of the main supporters of the dangerous DARK Act, which would prevent mandatory FDA labeling.
In 2015 alone, Coca-Cola spent $5 million lobbying in Washington, which includes trying to block mandatory FDA labeling of GMOs. Since 2012, Coca-Cola has spent more than $5.4 million on state-based campaigns to deny mandatory labeling of GMO foods.
Many of these brands pride themselves on an honest and healthy image, but they are not being fully transparent to parents, families and consumers across the country. Learn more about the big money fighting our right to know and join the Conceal or Reveal movement!
Check out the latest report on which companies have spent millions lobbying Congress to keep us in the dark.
Find out more about GMO labeling opponents here.
You may ask yourselves, why are they spending millions to prevent adding two simple words to their ingredient labels?
Tell Big Food and Coca-Cola to stop spending big bucks to block GMO labeling!
Just Label It
Copyright © 2020, Organic Voices. All rights reserved. | Phone: 202.939.9130 | info@justlabelit.org
Conceal or Reveal is a campaign of Organic Voices
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Home/Environment and Safety/Certificates
In 2012, CPC Marine Terminal became again a winner of the international award titled "Oil Terminal"
Environmental protection and industrial safety matters are of priority for CPC. Changes in HSE legislation are monitored on a quarterly basis and compliance of CPC operations with the established requirements is evaluated. Key indicators of all operations that can have a potential environmental impact are continuously monitored. Practical drills and exercises are held on a regular basis for CPC personnel and management with the view of adequate responding to contingency situations during facilities operation.
The system complies with all requirements of the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan laws. Its structure enables implementation of the latest international achievements in the HSE area.
In 2010, the CPC HSE management system that covers all kinds of operations in all CPC units in Kazakhstan and Russia was certified as per BS OHSAS 18001:2007 standard.
Previously, in 2009, CPC successfully passed a certification audit of its environment management system as per ISO 14001:2004 international environment standard and received a respective certificate.
In 2012, Caspian Pipeline Consortium passed certification of its quality management system for compliance with requirements of ISO 9001:2008 international standard. An obtained Certificate means international acknowledgement of Caspian Pipeline Consortium as a company whose quality management, as well as personnel qualification and competence, production infrastructure, and applied processes are at the top level. The above standard is the third key international standard with which CPC operations comply.
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Christof Spieler on highways, transit, roads, bike paths, etc., etc., and how they all fit together.
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A Tale of Two Subways
In the Houston Chronicle this past weekend, David Crossley and I made an argument for urban rail. We said that rail transit that serves dense employment centers, neighborhoods, and non-work destinations is more useful and more cost-effective than rail designed only for suburban home-to-downtown work trips. Further more, we argued, urban rail serves suburban commuters as well.
Want some more evidence? Rail transit projects don’t come with control groups — we can’t clone a section of a city, build two different rail lines, and compare the results. In this case, though, there’s an interesting comparison to be made between two remarkably similar rail systems.
San Francisco is in the 5th largest metropolitan area in the country. Washington DC is in the 4th largest. Both cities have old, urban cores with major employment centers surrounded by extensive post-war suburban development. In the 1960s, both decided to build a heavy rail system. And not only do those two systems use very similar technology, they are nearly the same length (104 miles vs. 106 miles).
There is one significant difference between San Francisco’s BART and Washington’s Metrorail, though: Washington has 2 1/2 times the ridership (902,100 average weekday boardings compared to 338,100.) Why? I’ve lived in both places, and I’ve ridden both systems. And I think the difference is that BART is primarily a suburban system while Metrorail, even though it serves the suburbs as well, is at its heart a urban system.
What do I mean? Let’s compare.
BART serves the suburbs. Metrorail serves the suburbs and the urban core.
BART’s furthest station is 25 miles from downtown SF as the crow flies, across two small mountain ranges. Metrorail’s furthest station is 15 miles from the center of DC.
BART has a single line through the city of San Francisco. It serves Downtown and one urban neighborhood, the Mission. BART does not serve San Franciso’s densest neighborhoods on the north side of the city, which have no high-capacity transit (the Geary Street bus carries 50,000 trips a day, but there’s no rail in that corridor), nor does it serve major destinations like the UCSF medical center or San Francisco State University. Metrorail has 5 lines through Washington, serving many neighborhoods in all parts of DC. Metrorail also serves many more suburban employment centers than BART does.
Most of Metrorail’s riders are from outside DC. But even suburban park-and-ride riders benefit from Metrorail’s urban connectivity. If you work in DC but outside downtown you can still take the train; the same goes if you work in a suburban employment center like Crystal City or Silver Spring. And if you work at any of those places Metrorial offers you mobility during the day, to go to meetings, get lunch, go to a doctors’ appoinment, take evening classes, or go to dinner with friends before heading home.
On the maps below, yellow is the urban core (San Francisco and DC). Red is the downtown employment core. Orange dots are stations serving other employment centers. (Both maps are to the same scale; click on each to see a larger version).
BART is left; Metrorail is right.
BART saves money by using existing rights of way; Metrorail maximizes ridership by puting lines where the transit demand is. The yellow highlighting represents BART lines built along existing railroad tracks or freeways; the purple lines are tunnels under natural obstacles. That leaves only the San Francisco subway, a two-station subway in Downtown Oakland and a three-station subway in Berkeley. The latter — which serves the University of California along with Downtown Berkeley — was built only because the city contributed money; BART planners wanted to put the station a mile from the edge of the UC campus. Metrorail uses some existing rail lines and a Virginia freeway corridor, but the majority of the system is in subway alignments that serve neighborhoods and employment centers. Its planners repeatedly spurned existing rights of way for parallel alignments often less than a mile away that go where the people are.
BART stations are where the cars are; Metrorail stations are where the people are. The vast majority of BART stations are car-oriented. The “typical” BART station is an elevated structure surrounded by park-and-ride lots in a low-density neighborhood. Over half of Metrorail stations, by contrast, don’t even offer parking. These stations serve employment centers (urban and suburban), universities, neighborhood crossroads, and residential areas. On the map below, the area of each station dot represents ridership at that station. Blue dots are stations with parking lots; red dots are stations without parking. Note the high ridership at Metrorail’s parking-less stations. And note that even though BART stations are much further apart than Metrorail stations, they typically have less ridership. The bottom line: 54% of the people boarding BART in the morning came by car compared to less than 45% of the people boarding Metrorail. Over the course of the day, over 60% of trips on Metrorail start with the passenger walking to the station.
BART and Metrorail may look alike. But they are fundamentally different systems. BART was conceived as an alternative to suburban commutes. Metrorail was conceived as an urban rail system. BART, in other words, tries to serve 2 trips a weekday, and Metrorail tries to serve every trip, every day. It’s no accident that it carries 2 1/2 times as many trips.
Metrorail has another less quantifiable achievement to its credit. Everyone I know who visits Washington ends up marveling about the subway system. Why? Because they found it useful. So do the people who live there, and they find it hard to imagine the city without it. Washington, a city with no rail transit and a declining bus system 30 years ago, now has a transit culture. I spent a summer in DC, living in an apartment near the Friendship Heights station and working at the National Building Museum, just above the Judiciary Square station. Everything I wanted to do — go to work, go home, shop, see a play, go to the museums, go to the park — I could do by Metrorail. Transit planners made the right choices 30 years ago, and my daily life was better for it.
For more on BART, read the excellent commentary at SFCityscape, which I credit for the inspiration for this post.
Discuss at will in the forums.
This entry was posted on Saturday, May 6th, 2006 at 1:56 pm and is filed under Uncategorized. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Responses are currently closed, but you can trackback from your own site.
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Home Car Crashs ‘ I did very best I could with what I had …’:...
‘ I did very best I could with what I had …’: writers on the Philip Roth they knew
A daring explorer of pride is recollected by Robert McCrum, David Hare and Hannah Beckerman
Robert McCrum:’ His late prose has the bidding, rhythm and simplicity of greatness’
When I interviewed Philip Roth in 2008, the year of his 75 th birthday, at his pastoral home in upstate Connecticut, there seemed to be mainly three things on his thinker: outliving his peers and rivals; the ongoing fuss about the Nobel committee( would they/ wouldn’t they ?) and Portnoy’s Complaint .
As Roth, who died last week, at persons under the age of 85- only a few daylights after another master of American prose, Tom Wolfe– moves into the literary pantheon, those first two worries have become irrelevant or unimportant, but that annoyance with the gift of Portnoy was prescient. This “shocking” fiction is now more than 60 years old, but some readers still haven’t got over his brilliant, comic investigate of a young man’s annoyed sex drive, especially as it might relate to an Jewish-American boy’s mother. A romance in the guise of a acknowledgment, it was taken by numerous American readers as a admission in the semblance of a fiction: Portnoy became an immediate bestseller and a succes fou .
Let us not forget, in honouring Roth’s exit, that to facilitate his solitary passion, Portnoy commands a much richer arsenal of fornication succours than most horny young men: old-fashioned socks, his sister’s underwear, a baseball glove and- notoriously- a slice of liver for the Portnoy family dinner. This is the” talking cure” Freud never envisaged, a manic speech, to quote its generator, by” a lust-ridden, mother-addicted, young Jewish bachelor-at-arms”, a laughable tirade that they are able to apply” the id back in yid “. Perhaps simply Harold Pinter, to whom, as a young man, Roth bore some resemblance, could have framed such a memorable and outrageous line.
Philip Milton Roth was born into a family of second-generation American Jews from Newark, New Jersey,” before pantyhose and frozen foods”, he liked to say, in 1933. His parents were devoted to their son.” To be at all ,” he writes of his mother and parent in his autobiography,” is to be her Philip[ and] my record still takes its twirl from beginning as his Roth .”
He came of age in Eisenhower’s America, growing up in the suburbiums, across the Hudson, temporarily separated from the glittering lures of Manhattan, but part of a generation of young Americans, also including William Styron, John Updike and Saul Bellow, who wanted to re-examine and revitalize their society in the aftermath of the second world war, the Holocaust and Hiroshima. Roth’s elderlies- Norman Mailer, Gore Vidal and Kurt Vonnegut- had already shown the method in their spunky takeover of the American novel. Roth, more, would set about this assignment through his journals, bursting on to the surprisingly genteel American literary incident with Goodbye, Columbus in 1959.
From his precocious beginnings, Roth learned to endure the kind of attention that might have led even “the worlds largest” dedicated headline-hog into distracted solipsism: a lingering grumble of low-grade hostility, the resentful its further consideration of literary minnows and, after Portnoy’s Complaint issued in 1969, incessant jokes about” wham off “. How quaint his literary misdemeanours seem today. From many points of view, Roth’s busines epitomised the humorist Peter de Vries’s observation about American letters that” one dreams of the goddess Fame- and jazzs up with the bitch Publicity “.
Some reviewers still chide him for his insouciance towards agreement, and his assaults on the American dream. Had he, I wondered, where reference is matched, ever unconsciously courted cruelty?” I don’t have any sense of audience ,” he replied,” least of all when I’m writing. The gathering I’m writing for is me, and I’m so busy trying to figure the damn thing out, and having so much trouble, that the last thing I think of is:’ What is X, Y, or Z going to be thinking of it ?'” There, in a convict, is the genuine Roth: neurotic, obsessive, contemptuous and self-centred. The only thing that’s missing is the outrageous witticism( parody, fantasy, ironies and riffs) that attended any exchange with the writer when he was in the mood, and on a roll.
Barack Obama grant the 2011 Medal of Art and Humanities to Philip Roth at the White House, March 2011. Photograph: Patsy Lynch/ Rex/ Shutterstock
The savage indignation desegregated with self-hating rage that characterised the young Roth pitched him, as a young man, into a world of banal public curiosity. He would expend most of his full-grown life fleeing its Furies, insisting that his myth was not autobiographical. But anyway: so what? The themes of his early cultivate were the constant the main theme of his task as a whole: the sex identity of the Jewish-American male and the troubling intricacies of any affair with the opposite sex.
Those reviewers who, on his death, have complained about Roth’s “narcissism” and associated infractions, are missing the moment. Such remorseless self-examination- from Tristram Shandy and Huckleberry Finn to Tender Is the Night and The Naked and the Dead – is the novel’s timeless business. For Roth, Portnoy gave the template for all his run, the elegant torture of literary self-contemplation.” No modern columnist ,” Martin Amis once discovered,” has taken self-examination so far and so literally .”
After Portnoy , Roth took refuge from fame in his alter ego, Nathan Zuckerman, and from the pressures of American literary life in long trances of hurtling across Europe and England, culminating in his union to the actress Claire Bloom. This midriff period of his fiction, dominated by the Zuckerman fictions, and his second wedlock( his first partner had died in a vehicle disintegrate in 1968) became increasingly troubled by his quest for aesthetic fulfilment.
The Zuckerman notebooks, for example, The Anatomy Lesson and The Counterlife , delighted and irritated Roth’s reviewers and devotees.” Lives into narrations, tales into lives ,” discovered the literary critic and biographer Hermione Lee,” that’s the name of Roth’s double tournament .” The novelist himself detested to be asked about his alter egos.” Am I Roth or Zuckerman ?” he would gripe.” It’s all me. Nothing is me .” Or, in Deception :” I write myth and I’m told it’s autobiography; I write autobiography and I’m told it’s myth. So since I’m so dim and they’re so smart, let them decide what it is or isn’t .”
As much as the wild humor of a scribe given to memorable comic effusions, this prickliness was typical. His self-assured belief in his profound individuality first enlivened and then poisoned his relationship with Bloom who, having was reported that she craved” to spend my life with this remarkable man”, divorced him in 1995, after years of provocation. Roth had made his adultery into myths such as Deception ( 1990 ), a ruthlessly exact detail of an American husband’s fled from a envious spouse in his affair with a cultivated English girl. Bloom got her reprisal in 1996 in Leaving a Doll’s House .
After the break with Bloom, Roth retreated into splendid isolation in Connecticut, working day and night, a lonely and instead tetchy old man with a notoriously short fuse. He celebrated “peoples lives” in his 1979 novel The Ghost Writer :” Purity. Serenity. Simplicity. Seclusion. All one’s concentration and flamboyance and clevernes set aside for the gruelling, praised, transcendent announcing … this is how I will live .” Sequestered with his muse, artistically he was free. As if to mystify F Scott Fitzgerald’s celebrated maxim that” “there arent” second acts in American lives”, he hurled himself into a frenzy of structure.” If I get up at five and I can’t sleep and I want to work ,” he told the New Yorker ,” I go out and I go to work .”
The novels of Roth’s old age still leave many American columnists half his age in his junk. The turning of the 20 th century realized the remarkable late flowering of his imagination in American Pastoral ( 1997 ), I Married a Communist ( 1998 ), The Human Stain ( 2000 ), and a spookily prophetic The Plot Against America ( 2004 ). Now, at long last, he was no longer an enfant terrible, but America’s elder statesman of letters. His late prose has the require, rhythm and clarity of greatness: statements written and rewritten in virtually monkish seclusion.
In his final years, he lived alone, at least up there. In New York, where he wintered, as a literary lion, it was a different story. On my visit to his urban paradise, formerly the business of the interview was over, he showed off the pond in which he desired to swim, his lawns and, ultimately, the simple wooden part in which he would write, standing up, as if on guard at the doors of the American imagination. Never a day legislated when he did not stare at those three hateful statements: qwertyuiop, asdfghjkl and zxcvbnm. As he once said, rather grimly:” So I wreak, I’m on call. I’m like a doctor and it’s an emergency room. And I’m the emergency .”
Roth’s late novels would actually novellas, but they still dominated, and received, respectful scrutiny, at least from those who were not troubled by the hoary age-old accusations of ” misogyny” and “narcissism”. Perhaps Roth sensed his goal was near. With surprising meeknes, he expressed the wish to mentioned the valedictory texts of the great boxer, Joe Louis:” I did the best I could with what I had .”
In 2007, he wrote Exit Ghost , his farewell to Zuckerman, and then, in 2010, a goodbye to all books, his last tale, Nemesis . In 2012, he told the BBC that he would write no more and ease himself” ever deeper daily into the redoubtable Valley of the Shadow “. Recognising his prominence on the American scene, the Observer praised” the sheer rapture of his form- that sustained, lucid, accurate and subtly cadenced prose that are in a position retain you inside the dynamic expects of one of his personas for as numerous sheets as he requires “. In a way, that’s beside the point. His subject remained, to the end, in the words of Martin Amis,” himself, himself, himself “.
Robert McCrum is a former Observer literary writer. His most recent journal is Every Third Thought( Picador )
Hannah Beckerman:’ He threw questions back at you, acquired you campaigned your corner’
Beckerman with Roth outside his writing studio in Connecticut, 2003. Photograph: Courtesy of Hannah Beckerman
It was a Wednesday afternoon when my telephone echo at work.
” Can I start fucking talking to Hannah Beckerman ?” an American voice asked.” It’s Philip Roth .”
It was 2002, and I was a 27 -year-old BBC television producer. A few weeks previously, I’d mail a letter to Roth’s agent in New York, sloping the relevant recommendations for a documentary to recognize his 70 th birthday. In those days I transmit a lot of speculative letters to columnists I admired and rarely got a reply, let alone a personal phone call.
” So, shall we talk about this film you want to realise ?”
Over the next hour, Roth and I has spoken about his effort: about accusations of misogyny (” I’m not a misogynist. I’ve never understood people saying that “); about parent-child ties-in in American Pastoral ; about whether Mickey Sabbath was an unlikable character.” He’s angry, but don’t you think he has good reason to be angry ?” Roth did that a lot: shed the question back at you, induced you pushed your reces, action you to interrogate your own position.
At the end of the bawl, Roth said we should ” speak again “. Over the course of the next year, about formerly a week my phone would echo and a articulation “re just saying”:” Hannah, it’s Philip .” We talked about his labour, American literature, my Jewish grandfather, politics. Strangely, at the time, those announces didn’t strike me as remarkable. I remained no magazine of them, as I might do now. Perhaps it was the folly of boy, or perhaps it was because those conversations were, above all else, enjoyable. Even when he was challenging me- and I be informed of being kept on my toes – his incisive humour snap through.
A year later, Roth agreed to take part in the documentary. It was only then that I realised he’d been vetting me: he wanted to know that I understood his handiwork, that I appreciated it, that I was going to treat him- and his novels- with integrity.
It was a snowy February afternoon when I arrived in Connecticut with two BBC colleagues. We gratified Roth for dinner at a eatery. He was funny and sharp-witted, just as he’d been during our phone calls. We shared a dessert: something with chocolate. A friend of his arrived and met us for potions. Only later did I discover it was the film director Milos Forman.
The next morning, we arrived at his home: a large, grey-haired clapboard residence nestled in the woods on a road you probably wouldn’t find if you weren’t looking for it. Roth refuted the door in tracksuit soles and an old-time sweatshirt.” I’m doing my exerts. Come on in .” The sitting room was light-footed and airy, with big openings that let in the low winter sunshine, and there was music playing. We chatted while he practised on a mat laid down by on the polished wooden floor. The house was lives in: bookshelves, two couches facing one another in the middle of the area, an ancient TV. I demonstrated him how to work his misbehave VHS machine, and he talked me through the pictures stuck to his fridge: antique photographs, postcards of Jackson Pollock paints( he was a fan of Pollock , not so much Rothko ). He pointed out the pond in the garden-variety where he swam and showed me his writing studio- only a few steps from the house and made from the same grey clapboard- ended with the lectern where he now wrote standing up to accommodate his bad back.
In the three days I wasted filming with him, Roth was easygoing, good company- far expelled from the angry, misanthropic attributes in some of his novels, temperament mannerisms so many commentators have wrongly attributable to Roth himself.
A couple of months later, my mobile phone rang. It was Roth to tell me he’d seen the documentary and loved it.” But who the hell was that actor you got to do the speaks from my novels? His voice was all incorrect .” Roth was right: the actor had being severely thrown. And that final phone call from Roth summing-ups him up perfectly: generous but challenging, invoking a wry smile while spotlighting errors, and with an ravenous gusto to question everything around him.
Hannah Beckerman is a novelist, reporter and producer of the BBC documentary Philip Roth’s America
David Hare:’ American infatuation for newness is the root cause of his inspiration’
Philip Roth revisiting a childhood recur in Newark, New Jersey, 1968. Photograph: Bob Peterson/ The Life Images Collection/ Getty
I first fill Philip Roth through a reciprocal friendship with his fellow novelist Julian Mitchell. They had been students together in the United Regime. But it was when he was living in England in the early 1980 s that we grew closer.
His first conclude for being in London was that he was with Claire Bloom. But the move likewise suited his determinations. Even a novelist of his steely solve was exhausted by all the hysteria attendant on the publication of Portnoy’s Complaint . You could tell how relieved he was to be living in one of the leafier parts of South Kensington and to work together daily in a quiet room in Notting Hill.
Philip was pure columnist through and through, and he was deeply interested in, and extremely generous towards, all persons who he thought took writing as severely as he did. In particular, he testified a humorous interest in younger peers like me, Christopher Hampton and Ian McEwan. He liked the facts of the case that Christopher and I laboured in the theatre, because Philip clearly had an itch for the stage, which he didn’t know how to scratch.( He did eventually accommodate The Cherry Orchard for Claire to play Madame Ranyevskaya in Chichester ).
We took to having lunch together every couple of weeks in a chic restaurant called Monsieur Thompson’s. Philip was the wittiest conversationalist you could imagine, and it didn’t take long to notice that all his revelry and foaming magnificence were directed towards disclosing hypocrisy. He only detested parties posing as better than they only. He enjoyed in the performance Pravda , which Howard Brenton and I wrote about a Murdoch-like newspaper proprietor, and equally in Anthony Hopkins’s devilish performance, because he said it was a sign that I was eventually facing up to the fact that I wasn’t, in his words,” a neat son “. In life, I could pretend to be nice if I craved, that was my business, but it was a useless position from which to write. Men and women were good and evil, devious and kind, fine and shortcoming. You could only write well if you stopped pretending to be virtuous.
There were seasons when talking to him, say, about his first bride, that I began to wonder whether he was overly in love with a writer’s necessary ruthlessness. Because I once happened to be in New York, he asked me to stand in on his behalf opening the wing of a library in his old college at Bucknell in Pennsylvania. When I returned, he was desperate to hear everything about the occasion, as though there were more imaginary juice for him in things being appreciated through my acquired attentions rather through his own. There was a voyeuristic shine when I told him which of his old classmates had been there, exactly what we they wearing, and how they had reacted to the speech he had given me to read.
In time, Monsieur Thompson’s folded, and he took instead to lunching in Spudulike. Suddenly, there was America’s most famous novelist, unrecognised, daily eating a baked potato and coleslaw, right next to Notting Hill tube. It was in Spudulike that he prevented trying to persuade me to go to the Middle East. He fantasized the rabid Jewish pioneers were humorous. When I protested that religious zealotry was his subject matter , not mine, he replied:” I predict you, David, these people are so crazy there’s room enough for all of us .”
By the time he left the UK, there were aspects of his practice- with regard to his nostalgic life with Claire, and to violent severs with one or two of his best friends- that had a brand-new and frightening cruelty. He claimed to be driven away by upper-class antisemitism. But in fact it turned out he needed to get back home for a simpler reason. American passion for newness is the root cause of his inspiration.
He followed up his refugee with the most astonishing moved of any contemporary novelist: Sabbath’s Theater , American Pastoral and The Human Stain . In rural Connecticut he paid the local paper shop 25 cents extra to deliver his New York Times with the culture section ripped out, because it infuriated him so much. Critics who had once accused him of obscenity now changed the charge to misogyny. But they were missing the degree. We were registering a pious era in which, in public, people were going to claim to be without grime, labor as hard on their flawless ethical postures as they did on their abs and their pecs. But Philip, in our lifetime, was the supreme anatomist of the difference between who we claim to be and how we behave. That is why his design, more than anyone else’s, remains still loved, still resented.
David Hare is an English playwright and screenwriter. His new play, I’m Not Running, opens at the National Theatre in the autumn
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Seventh heaven beckons for Federer, Djokovic at Australian Open
Switzerland's Roger Federer serves during a practice session ahead of the Australian Open tennis tournament in Melbourne on January 13, 2019. IMAGE / AFP / David GRAY
A version of this article appeared in the print edition of The Daily Star on January 14, 2019, on page 11.
Djokovic faces Struff at Australian Open
Smoke clears in Melbourne, organizers defend playing qualifiers
Players speak out at smoky Australian Open
Mitchell Krueger
Stefano Tsitsipas
Roger Federer and Novak Djokovic are both gunning for a record seventh Australian Open crown from Monday, but Andy Murray will make his last appearance in Melbourne as the era of the "Big Four" draws to a close. No. 1 Djokovic along with third seed Federer face a stern challenge from the likes of youthful force Alexander Zverev, seeded four, who is still looking for a first major to cement his place as torchbearer for the next generation.
It all means the era of the "Big Four" is almost over after a season in which Federer -- who opens his title defense against Denis Istomin Monday -- rolled back the years on Rod Laver Arena to lift an emotional 20th Grand Slam.
It put him on a par with other six-time Australian Open winners Djokovic and Roy Emerson -- although the Australian great's victories all came before the Open era.
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Posted on January 14, 2020 January 14, 2020 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
Asahi: After more than a century of forced assimilation and discrimination, the Ainu people were finally recognized as indigenous under legislation enacted in May 2019. But [Finance Minister Taro Aso] apparently forgot about that legislation when he gave a speech at a Jan. 13 meeting with his supporters in his electoral turf of Nogata, Fukuoka Prefecture. “There is no other nation but (Japan) where a single race has spoken a single language at a single location and maintained a single dynasty with a single emperor for over 2,000 years,” said Aso, who is also deputy prime minister. “It is a great nation.” “If my remarks caused a misunderstanding, I apologize and will correct them” Aso said after a Cabinet meeting in Tokyo. [On Jan. 14 he] sort of apologized: “I have no intention of denying the government’s policy.”
COMMENT: Now, watching an LDP dinosaur making statements like this (who keeps getting re-elected) is frustrating as hell. However, a) it’s refreshing that he “sort of apologized” (we’ve had plenty of these fossilized statements in the past not even getting that much, or even being doubled-down upon by bonafide bigots who nevertheless get re-elected); and b) we have official policy enacted last year (as noted in my annual JT Top Ten Human Rights List for 2019) that has declared the Ainu an indigenous people, meaning Japan is officially multiethnic. Even Asole himself wasn’t going to (officially) contradict that. Good news, sort of.
"Embedded Racism", Bad Social Science, Education, Exclusionism, Good News, Japanese Government
Posted on January 6, 2020 January 14, 2020 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
For over a decade, Just Be Cause has recapped the previous year’s biggest human rights and human rights-related issues that have affected the non-Japanese community in Japan.
With the start of a new decade upon us, I thought it would be appropriate to mix a little of what was going on in 2019 and connect it to the broader topics that came up during the 2010s. Some are victories, some are losses — some are dangerous losses — but all of the entries below (in ascending order) are at the very least highly relevant to all of us.
Bubbling under:
• The Ainu Recognition Law passes last February, meaning Japan is officially multiethnic.
• Donald Keene, scholar who opened Japanese literature to the world but senselessly portrayed fellow NJ residents as criminals and cowards, dies aged 96.
• Sadako Ogata, UN superstar for refugees who did surprisingly little for refugees in Japan, dies aged 92.
• Yasuhiro Nakasone, assertive former Prime Minister with a history of claiming Japan’s superior intelligence due to a lack of ethnic minorities, and of operating wartime “comfort women” stations, dies aged 101.
• Shinzo Abe becomes Japan’s longest-serving Prime Minister.
10) Otaru Onsens Case, 20 years on
9) Diversity in Japanese sports
8) Japan’s students challenge draconian rules (hair and underwear policing, etc)
See if your favorite issue made the Top Ten (yes, Ghosn did, again). Read the rest at https://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2020/01/06/issues/japan-international-community-2019/
"Embedded Racism", Anti-discrimination templates/meetings, Articles & Publications, Bad Business Practices, Bad Social Science, Child Abductions, Cultural Issue, Education, Exclusionism, Fingerprinting, Targeting, Tracking NJ, Gaiatsu, Good News, History, Human Rights, Immigration & Assimilation, Japanese Government, Japanese police/Foreign crime, Japanese Politics, Labor issues, Lawsuits, Media, Otaru Onsen Lawsuit, Problematic Foreign Treatment, Racist Images in Media
Posted on December 31, 2019 December 31, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
ED’S NOTE DEC 31, 2019: UPDATING THIS POST FROM FEB 2019 BECAUSE OF CARLOS GHOSN’S REEMERGENCE IN BEIRUT, HAVING SOMEHOW ESCAPED FROM THE CLUTCHES OF THE JAPANESE JUDICIARY. THE BEST ARTICLE I’VE FOUND ON THIS EVENT IS ON THE DAILY BEAST HERE. DEBITO.ORG HAS COME DOWN DECISIVELY IN FAVOR OF GHOSN’S ESCAPE, AS CH 6 OF BOOK “EMBEDDED RACISM” DEPICTS JAPAN’S JUDICIARY AS DECIDEDLY AGAINST JUSTICE FOR NJ CAUGHT IN THEIR “HOSTAGE JUSTICE” SYSTEM. FACT IS, GHOSN NEVER STOOD A CHANCE OF A FAIR TRIAL, ESPECIALLY IN LIGHT OF ALLEGATIONS THAT HAVE SURFACED LATER THAT INDICATE NISSAN’S OWN (JAPANESE) CEO IS JUST AS GUILTY OF SIMILAR “CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR” THAT DID NOT RESULT IN ARRESTS. READ ON FOR THE REASON WHY DEBITO.ORG BELIEVES THE GHOSN CASE WAS A FLIMSY ONE FROM THE START:
Debito.org has been holding back on commenting on the Carlos Ghosn arrest and perpetual interrogation. But now that Ghosn has had practically unprecedented access to the media (see article below), and stands as a cautionary tale for any foreign businessman thinking they could get away with being a CEO of a Japanese company, it’s time to say something. Here goes:
COMMENT: The former CEO of Nissan and Mitsubishi motors, Ghosn was arrested last November and indicted in December for inter alia allegedly underreporting his income for tax purposes. As of this writing, he remains in police custody for the 23-day cycles of interrogations and re-arrests, until he confesses to a crime. Ghosn’s arrest shows how far you can fall if you’re foreign. Especially if you’re foreign.
One red flag was that the only two people arrested in this fiasco have been foreign: Ghosn and his associate, Greg Kelly. Kelly is now out on bail due to health concerns. But where are the others doing similar malfeasances? According to Reuters, Kobe Steel underreported income in 2008, 2011, and 2013, and committed data fraud for “nearly five decades.” Same with Toray and Ube Industries, Olympus, Takata, Mitsubishi Materials, Nissan, and Subaru. Who’s been arrested? Nobody but those two foreigners.
And Japan’s judicial system has a separate track for NJ suspects, including harsher jurisprudence for NJs accused of crimes, lax jurisprudence for NJ victims of crimes, uneven language translation services, general denial of bail for NJ, an extra incarceration system for subsequent visa violations while in jail, and incarceration rates for NJs four times that for citizens. Most indicative of separate and unequal treatment is that some of the accusations, which fall under a statute of limitations of seven years under the Companies Act, are still applicable. Prosecutors have argued that statutes do not apply to Ghosn because he spent time overseas. Apparently even the passage of time is different for foreigners, because the clock stops if they ever leave Japan!
It’s Debito.org’s view that this was a boardroom coup. The Wall Street Journal has reported that Ghosn was planning to oust a rival, Hiroto Saikawa, who has since taken Ghosn’s place as CEO. A similar thing happened to at Olympus in 2011, when CEO Michael Woodford broke ranks and came clean on boardroom grift. He was fired for not understanding “Japanese culture,” since that’s the easiest thing to pin on any foreigner. But in Woodford’s case, he was fired, not arrested and subjected to Japan’s peculiar system of “hostage justice” police detention, where detainees are denied access to basic amenities (including sleep or lawyers) for weeks at a time, and interrogated until they crack and confess, with more than 99% conviction rates.
The good news is that finally overseas media is waking up to what Japan’s Federation of Bar Associations and the UN Committee Against Torture have respectively called “a breeding ground for false charges” and “tantamount to torture.” Funny thing is, if this had happened in China, we’d have had howls much sooner about the gross violations of Ghosn’s human rights.
"Embedded Racism", Exclusionism, Fingerprinting, Targeting, Tracking NJ, Gaiatsu, Good News, Human Rights, Injustice, Japanese Government, Japanese police/Foreign crime, Labor issues, Media, NJ legacies, NJ voices ignored, discounted & discredited, Problematic Foreign Treatment
SNA (Tokyo) — According to the Japanese government, our resident Non-Japanese (NJ) population reached yet another new record, at 2.8 million last June. Last April, Japan started offering new visa regimes to greatly expand the NJ labor force, in response to Japan’s aging society and shrinking population. This, plus steady numbers of permanent residents, international marriages, and naturalizing citizens, are expanding our multicultural and multiethnic communities.
In response, local governments have been trying to accommodate the diversity through new concepts and policies. It started in earnest as far back as 2001 with the Hamamatsu Declaration, where multiple cities and towns near Shizuoka Prefecture called upon the national government to assist them in providing their NJ residents with education, welfare benefits, and streamlined administration. Since then, local governments have generally made positive proposals in good faith.
But sometimes they get it wrong. Last month, Debito.org reported how the city of Nagoya uses a very problematic term in their documents: Gaikokujin Shimin. The closest translation would be a “foreigner city resident/citizen” (as opposed to, er, a gaikokujin kokumin, the contradictory “foreigner Japanese citizen”?). But the point is that people covered by this term officially belong in the city as dwellers and participants.
The concept sounds inclusive until you see how it’s officially being defined. According to one of Nagoya city’s “General Plans,” dated August 2018, a Gaikokujin Shimin is, as I translate it from the text: “In addition to people with foreign nationalities with an address within Nagoya city, people like those who obtained Japanese citizenship, children born from international marriages, people with foreign cultures in their backgrounds, and people who have foreign roots.” (Original Japanese: 名古屋市内に住所を有する外国籍の人のほか、日本国籍を取得した人や国際結婚によって生まれた子どもなど外国の文化を背景に持つ人など、外国にルーツを持つ人。)
Let’s mull that over:
Rest at http://shingetsunewsagency.com/2019/12/16/visible-minorities-local-governments-classifying-japanese-citizens-as-foreigners/
"Embedded Racism", Articles & Publications, Bad Social Science, Exclusionism, Fingerprinting, Targeting, Tracking NJ, Immigration & Assimilation, Japanese Government, Problematic Foreign Treatment
Submitter MR: I made a reservation for a buddy on Japanese-language Rakuten Travel (楽天トラベル) website at the Hotel Crown Hills Kokura. At check in tonight (12/9/19) at around 7:45PM, the Front Desk asked for his passport to photocopy. He is a Permanent Resident (永住者), so I intervened and told them so. They then immediately withdrew the request for the passport, but still asked for and checked his Gaijin Card (在留カード).
COMMENT: The hotel displayed yet another multilingual sign (Japanese, English, Korean, Chinese, and Arabic) produced by the Japanese Police that ignores the law and encourages racial profiling. This one not only lists the approval of the Fukuoka Prefectural Police (and erroneously cites the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare), but also all Fukuoka Prefectural Public Health Departments (Fukuoka Kennai Kaku Hokenjo). Even though we’ve already had at least one Hokenjo (in Mito) correct the overzealous local police before on the letter of the law, which is:
If you have an address in Japan, you do not have to show any ID at a hotel check in. Just write that address in the hotel guest book. That goes for Japanese and NJ residents of Japan. The law on hotel (and minpaku) ID checks only applies to foreign tourists without an address in Japan. So demand it be it enforced.
Meanwhile, if you want to do what Debito.org Reader Onur did some months ago, contact the local Hokenjo and get the law corrected. Clearly the Japanese police are not going to police themselves. Or if you want to do something to stop this happening to you, download a file substantiating that you don’t have to show any ID as a resident of Japan here: http://www.debito.org/newhotelpassportlaw.jpg
"Embedded Racism", "Pinprick Protests", Bad Business Practices, Fingerprinting, Targeting, Tracking NJ, Japanese Government, Japanese police/Foreign crime, Problematic Foreign Treatment, 日本語
Posted on November 30, 2019 November 30, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
A translation of Chapter 2 (Yakuza to gaikokujin ni jinken wa nai ) from the book Kenji Shikkaku ( A Prosecutor Debarred ) by Hiroshi Ichikawa. Published by Mainichi Shinbunsha, 2012. Copyright, 2019-Japan Innocence and Death Penalty Information Center, excerpt reprinted on Debito.org with kind permission.
Translator’s Introduction: Hiroshi Ichikawa was born in Kanagawa in 1965. In 1990, he passed the notoriously difficult national bar exam after graduating from Chuo University. Those who pass the exam then serve a two year judicial apprenticeship and work along judges, prosecutors and attorneys. At the end of this period, the apprentice can decide, for the most part, to become a lawyer, prosecutor, or judge.
“A Prosecutor Debarred” is the tale of a young idealistic jurist whose career began with a commitment to fairness and justice. This is finely demonstrated when Ichikawa anxiously consults a superior after forgetting to advise a suspect of the right to silence during investigation. Some years later, Ichikawa would become mercilessly violent. In 2000, he was working in Saga prefecture in Kyushu, and undertook investigation of a financial scandal involving the Saga city Co-op. While interrogating a recalcitrant suspect, Ichikawa became enraged. He would later be called to testify in court, and admit on the stand to screaming “You lousy SOB. I’ll beat you to death!” in the face of a suspect.
The event was widely broadcast in the media. The suspect was tried and found not guilty in both the court of first instance, and the appeals case. Ichikawa would later be dismissed as a prosecutor, but allowed to continue to practice law, hence ‘debarred’ and not ‘disbarred.’ He performed a dogeza, a deep bow on hands and knees, in public, to the former defendant who was found not guilty. Until recently, this was viewable on YouTube. This chapter begins with Ichikawa’s first day on the job at the Yokohama prosecutor’s office. In Japan, the fiscal year, the employment year, and the school year begin in April.
"Embedded Racism", "Pinprick Protests", Anti-discrimination templates/meetings, Bad Social Science, Cultural Issue, Fingerprinting, Targeting, Tracking NJ, Injustice, Japanese police/Foreign crime, Lawsuits, SITYS
Posted on November 30, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
WHOLESALE ALIENATION BY OFFICIALDOM
1) Dejima Award #7: Nagoya City officially classifies “Foreigner City Denizens” to include “naturalized persons, children of international marriages, people with foreign cultures or roots in their backgrounds”. Viva Eugenics.
2) MH Fox translation: “Gangsters and foreigners have no rights”, by Hiroshi Ichikawa (former prosecutor) on jiadep.org.
3) Mainichi: “‘Prison camps for Brazilians’: Foreign kids in Japan being ushered into special education.” Perpetuates the Japan-“educated” NJ underclass.
4) “Educating the Non-Japanese Underclass”, my Shingetsu News Agency “Visible Minorities” Col 2, Sept 17, 2019.
5) Senaiho Update 3: Civil suit to be launched over school “Hair Police” forced-haircut bullying of student in Yamanashi JHS (UPDATED).
MORE ALIENATION JUST FOR KICKS
6) XY on being racially profiled–by a designated police task force looking for “bad foreigners”–for a traffic fender bender caused by someone else!
7) Reuters: Japanese police urged to take “light-touch” towards NJ during Japan 2019 Rugby World Cup. Yeah, sure.
8 ) ICI Hotel Kanda unlawfully requires ID from all “foreign guests”, including NJ residents of Japan, as a precondition for stay; claims it’s demanded by Tokyo Metropolitan Police (UPDATED).
9) Last word on NJ hotel passport checks (thanks to a lawyer): It’s as Debito.org has said for more than a decade: NJ Residents are exempt from showing any ID.
10) My Shingetsu News Agency Visible Minorities col 3: “Racial Profiling at Japanese Hotel Check-Ins”, October 23, 2019.
11) Fujisankei-owned Japan Today posts article on “What to do if stopped by J police” for Rugby World Cup visitors, after consulting with Debito.org. Then does not acknowledge Debito.org and leaves out valuable advice.
12) Kyoto JET Programme teacher TS on being made homeless due to xenophobic landlord, and Kyoto Board of Education (who found the apartment) refuses to help.
13) Dr. Oussouby Sacko, African-born President of Kyoto Seika U, speaks at JALT, shows more blind spots re racism and tokenism.
… and finally…
14) “The Xeno-Scapegoating of Japanese Halloween”, my SNA Visible Minorities Col 4, Nov 18, 2019.
In July 2018, Debito.org talked about a New York Times feature article on Dr. Ossouby Sacko, a Mali-born naturalized Japanese citizen who is currently the President of Kyoto Seika University. I took a dim view of his views on discrimination by physical appearance in Japan, as he pointedly refused to equate being “treated differently because he does not look Japanese” with racism.
Then Dr. Sacko gave a plenary and a workshop at the last JALT conference, where he reportedly displayed similar blind spots with regards to both how he set goals in as university president and how he conducted himself with weekly parties that attracted the attention of his neighbors. One correspondent wrote, “I also think it is an interesting illustration of how the high profile foreigner who is really in the minority can effect some change, but that change comes with the caveat that the person has to be treated as a token.”
I conclude that Dr. Sacko is less an oracle and more of a cautionary tale. Educators, especially those who are seen as prominent enough to invited as plenary speakers, are supposed to be experts on what they are speaking of — in this case, according to JALT, “the Japanese context”. And in research situations, they are required to be self-aware of their position in the society they are studying and opining about. Dr. Sacko is clearly an expert on his own life. But given his repeated blind spots toward how he is treated in Japan, to the point where he remains oblivious towards the privilege and tokenism he enjoys as an outsider in Japan (while essentially minimizing/denying the discrimination that happens to other outsiders), I think he is out of his depth in terms of social science.
"Embedded Racism", Anti-discrimination templates/meetings, Bad Social Science, Discussions, Education, Immigration & Assimilation, Ironies & Hypocrisies, Problematic Foreign Treatment, Shoe on the Other Foot Dept.
Posted on November 18, 2019 December 15, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
“Madness.” “Mayhem.” “Chaos unfolded.” “Anarchic behavior.” “Police try to subdue massive crowds running amok.” That was how one single article in the Japan Times depicted the big party at Shibuya Crossing last Halloween Night. Other media echoed similarly riotous language, noting the heavy police presence and suspended alcohol sales. Sheer anarchy! Reading all that, you could be forgiven for thinking Shibuya was set aflame and Hachiko knocked off his plinth. But drop by sometime; everything is still there just fine.
Why the alarmist attitude towards Halloween? We don’t see it for the revelry at, say, Japanese sporting events, where Hanshin Tigers fans take over Shinkansens and leap into Osaka rivers; or for annual Seijinshiki Coming of Age Days, where binge drinking and youthful hijinks disrupt boring official ceremonies; or any time of the year in entertainment districts nationwide, with public urination, people passed out on sidewalks or subways, and drunk chinpira picking fights.
Why not? Because those things are normalized. After all, it’s often hard for adults in Japan to have fun without alcohol, and excesses are tolerated as anzen-ben, a “safety valve” for letting off steam given the stresses of life. Why isn’t Halloween treated the same? Because…
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Submitter XY sends official Nagoya City documentation that defines “Foreigner City Denizens” (gaikokujin shimin) as follows:
“In addition to people with foreign nationalities with an address within Nagoya City, this includes people like those who obtained Japanese citizenship, children born from international marriages, people with foreign cultures in their backgrounds, and people who have foreign roots.”
That pretty much makes it clear that you can’t ever be Japanese without “pure” Japanese blood and culture. In Nagoya, officially that also means you can’t escape being foreign. Ever. Even if you naturalize, or have a Japanese parent (who alas coupled with a foreigner), have any cultural ties to a foreign country, or have any roots in a foreign land. This not only defies common sense, it also, like the racist Japanese Sumo Association, violates the Nationality Law.
Therefore, for this blatant and ignorant attempt to further classify, stigmatize, and alienate diverse Japanese away from a mythical “pure” Japan free from any foreign influences, I hereby award the coveted Debito.org “Dejima Award” to Nagoya City (only the seventh in Debito.org’s quarter-century of existence), for effectively reviving 19th-century discredited Eugenics theories about thoroughbredness. That any Japanese tainted by foreign blood, culture, roots or ties is to be classified as a foreigner.
"Embedded Racism", "Pinprick Protests", Bad Social Science, Cultural Issue, Dejima Awards, Exclusionism, Fingerprinting, Targeting, Tracking NJ, Human Rights, Immigration & Assimilation, Japanese Government, Problematic Foreign Treatment, 日本語
Posted on November 2, 2019 November 17, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
This is an update to the Senaiho Case of Junior High School bullying in Yamanashi, where a student three years ago had her hair forcibly cut by her Japanese school’s “hair police” (i.e., her teachers) against her will, resulting in trauma to the point where she could no longer attend. Debito.org has been covering this case for years (previous entries here, here, and here). The news is that the family, working through “proper channels” to no effect (in fact, the opposite — officialdom harassed the victims further), are officially taking the bullies to court:
Senaiho: Since my last update stating that the prosecutors office found insufficient evidence to proceed with charges, we have been working on the basis of filing a civil suit against the city of Yamanashi seeking a monetary amount of 7 million yen and a suit against the guardians of the perpetrators of the bullying seeking 5 million yen. This suit will be filed on the 8th of this month. This will be followed by a press conference at the press club office in the prefecture building. The basis of the suit will be that our daughter was bullied and as a result of this, the school teachers cut her hair without her consent. This resulted in her being traumatised to the point of not being able to attend the last two years of her middle school education and requiring professional counseling, along with medical treatment for insomnia.
Since the original incident in ’16, many of the people involved have retired, transfered, divorced, and even been imprisoned, such as the former mayor of Yamanashi (for unrelated crimes). This however does not decrease the liability of the city or the perpetrators. It does make it difficult for those in charge though who have to catch up, but that is their problem. This will be a long process though, probably two years at least and there is no guarantee we will come through as we wish, but if our daughter understands that what happened to her is not her fault, it will be a victory.
"Pinprick Protests", Anti-discrimination templates/meetings, Education, Human Rights, Immigration & Assimilation, Injustice, Japanese Government, Lawsuits, NJ voices ignored, discounted & discredited, 日本語
Posted on October 23, 2019 December 15, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
SNA: It’s dehumanizing to be denied service somewhere, not for what you did, but for who you are, and to realize that discrimination is real.
In Japan, your first experience might be with your apartment search—realtors may deny you a home simply because “the landlord doesn’t like foreigners.”
Sadly, there’s little you can do: racial discrimination is not illegal in Japan, even in 2019. You could report what happened to the Ministry of Justice’s Human Rights Bureau (which will generally do nothing), or take them to court where you’re at the mercy of a judge susceptible to narratives of “foreigners are different/difficult, so refusing them is okay,” which is known legally as “rational discrimination.” Still, you will need a place right away to call home.
Eventually, after getting an interlocutor to negotiate or an employer to vouch for you, you find one. You’ll forget about what happened. Something like this doesn’t happen every day, right?
But it may occur the next time you want a hotel room. Given the tourism boom and hosted international sports events, racial profiling and discrimination have become widespread in Japan’s hoteling industry. This is particularly insidious because it’s not just the occasional bigoted landlord calling the shots; this time it’s the Japanese police…
"Embedded Racism", Anti-discrimination templates/meetings, Articles & Publications, Bad Business Practices, Exclusionism, Fingerprinting, Targeting, Tracking NJ, Gaiatsu, Human Rights, Immigration & Assimilation, Japanese police/Foreign crime, Practical advice, Problematic Foreign Treatment, Tourism
Debito.org Reader Mamoru sends along a recent poster produced by the Shizuoka Police confirming that there are two separate tracks for guests at Japanese hotel check-ins: One for Foreign Tourists, and another one for ALL Residents of Japan regardless of nationality (Japanese and NJ):
Confirmed is that Foreign Tourists with no address in Japan must show ID, meaning a passport. Some places will require, as per local ordinance, that passport to be photocopied. (Despite various governments criticizing the potential dangers of this practice, including fraud and identity theft: The Canadian Government, for example, explicitly says, “You take all responsibility for giving information in your passport to a third party.”)
But then the Shizuoka Police use “weasel words” in their poster that make it look like hoteliers must check the ID of ALL guests. (In practice, however, this will mean that NJ will be checked, as hotels have always thought.) However, still NOWHERE in the law requires NJ Residents of Japan to show any ID after writing down their details in the hotel Guest Book.
The fact that even this Shizuoka Police poster is being intentionally confusing and misleading about the law (or ministerial directive) indicates once again that, despite well over a decade of corrections and clarifications via The Japan Times, Debito.org, and even the US Embassy, the Japanese Police are continuing to bend the law, and encouraging hotels to racially profile their “foreign” guests.
"Embedded Racism", "Pinprick Protests", Bad Business Practices, Exclusionism, Fingerprinting, Targeting, Tracking NJ, Immigration & Assimilation, Japanese Government, Japanese police/Foreign crime, Practical advice, SITYS, Tourism, 日本語
Posted on October 4, 2019 October 4, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
It turns out Japan has earned a reputation from past experiences hosting international events. The racism-riddled debacles that were the soccer World Cup 2002 and the G8 Summits made me question whether Japan as a society (let alone its politicians and police) was mature enough to handle any temporary influx of NJ, let alone as visa-legal NJ workers and residents of Japan.
But it seems it wasn’t just me noticing. Some months ago, the Rugby World Cup and staff from two embassies actually cautioned the Japanese police to ease up on their overzealousness towards NJ. As previous blog entries have shown, it’s questionable whether they are actually doing that (as they are bending the law to encourage racial profiling at hotels etc.). The following article deserves to be recorded on Debito.org because it shows at least somebody out there is taking notice, despite all the official “omotenashi” wallpapering over Japan’s latent exclusionism that goes ignored, if not encouraged, by Japanese authorities. I look forward to seeing what the International Olympic Committee has to say in Tokyo in a year.
Reuters: Japanese police have been encouraged to take a “light-touch approach” during the Rugby World Cup, with organisers telling Reuters they had visited host cities to emphasise that while fans will be boisterous they are unlikely to cause trouble. More than 400,000 foreign fans are expected to descend on Japan for the Sept. 20 to Nov. 2 tournament and concerns have been raised that police might not have enough experience to deal with the influx. Staff from two embassies have expressed concern to Reuters that police may overreact to perceived intimidation from fans.
"Embedded Racism", "Pinprick Protests", Anti-discrimination templates/meetings, Fingerprinting, Targeting, Tracking NJ, G7/G8 Summits, Gaiatsu, Good News, Japanese Government, Japanese police/Foreign crime, Sport
Posted on September 28, 2019 November 26, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
JDG: Right wing Sankei owned Japan Today put out this ‘what to do if you get stopped by the police in Japan’ article for the Rugby World Cup.
https://japantoday.com/category/features/lifestyle/What-to-do-if-you-are-stopped-by-the-police-in-Japan
Half the article about having fun and getting travel insurance, the other half about complying with all police requests because, y’know, cultural differences. Failure to blindly comply with police stop requests will be ‘escalating the situation’ and grounds for arrest because, y’know, cultural differences. What about police discrimination and your rights? ‘Don’t believe all the hoopla you read online’. Basically article’s advice is: If stopped by Japanese police, do as you are told.
COMMENT: Japan Today in fact consulted with Debito.org for this article in advance, then left out important information that might advise NJ of their actual rights — as a matter of “opinion”.
I acknowledge the editor’s courteous inquiries at the beginning, and appreciate his efforts to find out the most current information; I also acknowledge that his article is very helpful for the most part. However, by leaving out other information that might help readers protect themselves when deliberately targeted for harassment by police, it ends up toeing the Japanese Police’s standpoint that NJ aren’t supposed to have any rights. That’s also the standard line that much of the purportedly “foreigner-friendly” media maintains — just do as you’re told like a good “guest” and all will go well. Until it doesn’t, of course.
Racial profiling in Japan is Standard Operating Procedure for the Japanese police, and that should be acknowledged somewhere, not simply worked around or removed as a matter of “opinion”. Despite a discussion with the editor afterwards, I remain convinced that this editorial bent was due to Japan Today being owned and operated by the “gaijin handlers” at the right-wing Fujisankei group. A record of our correspondences and the article in question are hereby archived on Debito.org.
"Embedded Racism", "Pinprick Protests", Articles & Publications, Bad Business Practices, Fingerprinting, Targeting, Tracking NJ, Human Rights, Japanese police/Foreign crime, Media, NJ voices ignored, discounted & discredited, Practical advice, Tourism
Posted on September 23, 2019 December 15, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
Here we go again. Debito.org Reader Jenifer (a pseudonym) sends evidence that the ICI Hotel Kanda will not only be demanding ID from all of its “foreign guests” (no doubt, as typically enforced, as a precondition for stay), but also unlawfully requiring even the NJ residents (who have addresses in Japan) display their ID (something not required by law of Japanese guests). The status of “foreign guest” will no doubt be determined on sight or by recorded name, so cue the racial profiling.
The justification? Once again, the Japanese Police (in this case the Tokyo Metropolitan Police) are stretching the law and demanding hotels act as their agents to check all “foreign ID” (something only people with the proper ministerial credentials can do). And as the ICI Hotel Kanda explicitly says in the Update below, they will refuse accommodation if that ID is not displayed, in direct violation of the laws governing hotel management.
The ICI hotel also cites “safety for our guests and other residents in Japan”. No doubt the Rugby World Cup will be used as a pretext, even though the reservation is for November. Once again, bring in an international event, and use it as a pretext to further alienate Japan’s resident non-citizens and international citizens. I can hardly wait to see what tricks the police come up with next year for Tokyo’s 2020 Olympics.
UPDATE SEPT 29: The hotel responds after Jenifer files a complaint with management, and reiterates that the Tokyo Police “strictly ordered us to ask for any identification card for foreign visitor or foreign residence of Japan due to security purposes,” and unlawfully reiterates that showing ID is a precondition for stay for foreigners only. They also say, “We have no intention to discriminate anyone as we are only following the check-in policy of the hotel.” As Jenifer concludes, “It’s like they don’t want to admit the cops aren’t following the law…”
"Embedded Racism", "Pinprick Protests", Bad Business Practices, Exclusionism, Fingerprinting, Targeting, Tracking NJ, Human Rights, Immigration & Assimilation, Japanese Government, Problematic Foreign Treatment, Tourism
Posted on September 18, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
September 19, 1999 was a watershed day in my life, when my family, friends, and I visited the “Japanese Only” Otaru public baths and exposed discrimination in Japan incontrovertibly as racial in nature. It has been exactly twenty years to the day since then, and not enough has changed. People (including Japanese citizens) are still being refused services in Japan based upon whether they “look foreign”. The police still engage in racial profiling as standard operating procedure to ferret out “illegal foreigners”. There still is no law against racial discrimination in Japan’s Civil or Criminal Code. Japan remains a signatory to the UN Convention on Racial Discrimination, where it promised (since 1995) to “undertake to pursue by all appropriate means and without delay a policy of eliminating racial discrimination in all its forms”. Nearly a quarter-century later, this clearly has not happened.
All of this has been charted and cataloged in great detail in my book “Japanese Only: The Otaru Hot Springs Case and Racial Discrimination in Japan”. To commemorate twenty years of GOJ negligence following a case that changed the dialog on discrimination in Japan, my “Japanese Only” Kindle eBook is now free to download on Amazon.com. Well, nearly free. Amazon requires that I charge something, unfortunately. The minimum price is 99 cents US. So I’ve set that price for the book in all countries effective immediately. Similarly, my book for how to cope with life in Japan and make a good living here, “Guidebook for Relocation and Assimilation into Japan”, is now also nearly free. 99 cents.
May the lessons of the Otaru Onsens Case reverberate and help everyone in Japan have equal access to public goods and facilities.
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SNA: In a shocking series of exposés at the beginning of this month, the Mainichi Shinbun reported that minority children of workers in Japanese schools were being segregated from their Japanese peers, put in classes for the mentally disabled, and systematically denied an education. For years now, according to Ministry of Education surveys, schools have subjected their non-native foreign minority students to IQ tests. The results were striking: Non-Japanese children were found to have “developmental disorders” at more than double the rate of the general Japanese student population.
Striking, but not all that surprising—since these tests assessed IQ via culturally-grounded questions, on things like Japanese shogunates and tanabata festivals. They also considered a lack of Japanese language skills an “intellectual” disability. Let that sink in. Try claiming that your Japanese students are dim because they aren’t proficient in English, and then watch how long you remain an educator. But here’s where the bad science turns evil…
"Embedded Racism", Articles & Publications, Bad Business Practices, Bad Social Science, Cultural Issue, Education, Exclusionism, History, Human Rights, Immigration & Assimilation, Japan's "Blame Game", Japanese Government, Labor issues, Media, NJ voices ignored, discounted & discredited
Posted on September 5, 2019 September 5, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
What follows are two articles that should make you shudder, especially if you have children in Japan’s education system. Here we have kids being treated by Japanese schools as low-IQ “disabled” students just for not being proficient in Japanese language or culture! To make things more abhorrent, according to a Mainichi headline below, they’re putting these NJ children to work in “prison camps” instead of educating them. This is not only violates the spirit of Japan’s Basic Education Law (or Kyouiku Kihon Hou — which, note, ONLY guarantees a compulsory education to kokumin, or citizens), but also violates once again Japan’s child labor laws. And it creates and perpetuates the underclass of NJ children “educated” in Japan.
Mainichi: Many foreign children in Japan are being placed in special education against their wishes amid a lack of consensus building with schools and doctors as they have trouble understanding Japanese […] In one case, a 14-year-old Brazilian girl who was born in Japan and is now in her second year of junior high school was placed in a special education class for her first four years of elementary school, without her or her mother being given a sufficient explanation. […] One day, when the girl was in her fourth year of elementary school, it emerged that she couldn’t do multiplication. When the girl was asked, “Don’t you learn that in school?” she replied, “We dig for potatoes at school.” […]
When it came to study, however, the girl was taught hardly anything. Later, when she moved schools and took an IQ test in the sixth grade, she was judged to have the intellectual ability of about a 6- or 7-year old. In junior high school, she has remained in a special education class. A Brazilian woman in her 20s who has already graduated described these special education classes as “prison camps for Brazilians,” as she has seen many friends from her country as well as children being urged to join such classes. […]
When approached by the Mainichi Shimbun, the school’s vice principal responded, “We decide whether or not a student goes into special education based on objective data such as hospital tests, and obtain parental consent.” But the vice principal divulged, “When foreigners increase in number, the learning progress of Japanese students is delayed. As far as is possible, (foreign students) should go to classes to be taught one on one.”
"Embedded Racism", "Pinprick Protests", Bad Social Science, Education, Exclusionism, Human Rights, Immigration & Assimilation, Japan's "Blame Game", Japanese Government, Labor issues, Problematic Foreign Treatment
Posted on August 28, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
I found this experience online a few days ago from someone I trust, who has extensive Japanese experience and knowledge. The author had an interesting experience with a traffic accident (which wasn’t the author’s fault) and it resulted in being racially profiled. But what makes this a Debito.org Issue is that the Japanese police are now apparently dedicating a special unit just to investigate “bad foreigners”, even those involved in traffic fender benders!
XY: Returned to a supermarket parking lot this morning to find my car surrounded by a small group of Japanese police and onlookers. Apparently a lady backed into my car when I wasn’t there and had called the police to file a report. I think they were all quite surprised to learn that the car was driven there by an American and even more surprised that the American could speak Japanese. Everyone was very kind and both the cops and the woman who hit my car took the time to speak over the phone to my boss and apologize for the incident.
Things got strange when the regular uniformed police called in their racial profiling specialist unit for backup. This was a man wearing a plain white polo shirt who told me I needed to stick around after letting the woman who had hit my car go, did not present a badge, and introduced himself only when I asked him who he was as a man whose job it is to catch “bad foreigners.” He explained that he wanted to check if my visa card and drivers license were fake because “it’s very easy to make fakes these days.”
If the prevalence of fakes was the only issue at hand, one would wonder why he let the woman who had hit my car go without also checking to see whether her license was also a fake, but I didn’t bother pointing this out because it was obviously taken for granted that only “bad foreigners” would make fake IDs and conduct whatever nefarious activities they were potentially looking for beyond the ID pretext. I stood around for 30 minutes in the heat batting around irrelevant questions until I was cleared to go…
"Embedded Racism", "Pinprick Protests", Bad Social Science, Fingerprinting, Targeting, Tracking NJ, Japan's "Blame Game", Japanese Government, Japanese police/Foreign crime, Problematic Foreign Treatment
JET Programme participant TS tells a story of how a dispute with his landlord over allowing guests into his apartment devolved into a situation where even his employer, the local Board of Education in Kyoto, allegedly won’t act as his Guarantor or help him find replacement housing. He also says there are racialized issues at work:
TS: So now, with only less than 2 weeks before the end of the month, my wife and I cannot live in our current place, nor have the funds to afford to move and live in another… so what are we supposed to do? How are we supposed to teach and fulfill our contracts but not have anywhere to live? It is unacceptable the way we have been mistreated by this government program, our board of education and, most specifically, our schools. I have attempted reaching out to both our prefectural advisor at Kyoto Board of education and a representative from CLAIR but neither can give us a solid answer in moving forward to remedy this situation. How are we to be JET Programme participants and be homeless? Is this my school and Board of Education’s passive-aggressive method of making us break contract? How is this cultural exchange? Our treatment has solidified how temporary we as even foreign and migrant workers are in the eyes of the Japanese people and government.
"Embedded Racism", "Pinprick Protests", Bad Business Practices, Exclusionism, Japanese Government, Labor issues, Problematic Foreign Treatment
Posted on August 23, 2019 August 23, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
1) Kyodo: Japan celebrates its South American Japanese diaspora. Praising them for doing what it complains NJ immigrants to Japan do. (Like take Nippon Foundation money to sterilize Peruvian indigenous peoples?)
2) Reuters: Yet another NJ detainee dies after hunger strike after 3 years in Japan “detention center”; time for a change in labeling
3) US State Dept. 2018 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, Japan: Highlights for Debito.org Readers
4) Japan Times JBC 116: “‘Love it or leave it’ is not a real choice” (on how Trump’s alienation of critics of color is standard procedure in Japan), July 24, 2019
Welcome back from a Summer Break. I’m pleased to announce that I have a new monthly column at the progressive Shingetsu News Agency, the only place left (following the rightward editorial shift at The Japan Times) offering independent journalism on Japan in Japan. Here’s an excerpt, where I stake out what the column space will be about:
SHINGETSU NEWS AGENCY, AUG 19, 2019 by DEBITO ARUDOU in COLUMNS
My name is Debito Arudou (or Arudou Debito, if you prefer), that guy from Sapporo who started writing about Japan from the early 1990s on a long-dead mailing list called the Dead Fukuzawa Society. I wrote so much there that I decided to archive my writings on a webpage. Debito.org soon blossomed into an award-winning reference site on life and human rights in Japan, and later a platform for newspaper articles and fieldwork research on racial discrimination.
After moonlighting at places like the now-defunct Asahi Evening News and Japan Today, I began writing in 2002 a column for Japan Times, first under Zeit Gist and then Just Be Cause. Decades later, here we are with a new monthly column at the Shingetsu News Agency, under the title Visible Minorities. I chose this title for two reasons…
Read the rest at http://shingetsunewsagency.com/2019/08/19/visible-minorities-debitos-new-column-for-the-shingetsu-news-agency/
"Embedded Racism", Articles & Publications, Exclusionism, Fingerprinting, Targeting, Tracking NJ, Good News, Human Rights, Immigration & Assimilation, Ironies & Hypocrisies, Japanese Government, Media, NJ legacies, NJ voices ignored, discounted & discredited, Problematic Foreign Treatment
Posted on August 1, 2019 August 10, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
Acclaimed book “Embedded Racism: Japan’s Visible Minorities and Racial Discrimination” has been discounted 30% for a limited time to $34.99 in paperback and Kindle if bought through through my publisher (Lexington Books/Rowman & Littlefield) directly. Use promo code LEX30AUTH16. (Japan residents have reported getting the book for $40 including quick shipping.)
Academic reviews have been positive. Prominent Japanologist Tessa Morris-Suzuki has reviewed it as “important, courageous and challenging”, the Japan Studies Association of Canada has heralded it as “an important contribution to geography, cultural and area studies”, Social Science Journal Japan calls it “must-read text… highly recommended reading to anyone… who is interested in Japan’s future”, and an American Sociological Association journal review notes it as “a brave critique of Japanese society and its failure to look outward in its demographic and economic development … as it makes an important contribution for those wishing to understand racism in Japan better”
According to WorldCat, more than 130 of the world’s major research libraries (including Harvard, Princeton, Yale, Stanford, Cornell, Columbia…) have made “Embedded Racism” part of their collections. Get your discounted copy by going to https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781498513906/Embedded-Racism-Japan’s-Visible-Minorities-and-Racial-Discrimination and use promo code LEX30AUTH16.
More information and reviews on the book at http://www.debito.org/embeddedracism.html.
Download a book flyer and order form at http://www.debito.org/EmbeddedRacismPaperbackflyer.pdf
"Embedded Racism", Articles & Publications, Good News, Human Rights, Immigration & Assimilation, Japanese Government
Posted on July 24, 2019 December 15, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
My latest Japan Times column, talking about how Trump’s recent use of a racist trope, denying people of color the right to belong in a society simply because they disagree with the dominant majority’s ideology, is taking a page from Japanese society’s standard tactics of forcing NJ and Visible Minorities to “love Japan or go home”. Excerpt:
JBC116: Roiling American politics last week was a retort by President Donald Trump toward congresswomen of color critical of his policies. First he questioned their standing (as lawmakers) to tell Americans how to run the government. Then he said they should “go back” to the places they came from and fix them first. For good measure, he later tweeted, “If you are not happy here, you can leave!”
The backlash was forceful. CNN, NPR, The New York Times, Washington Post and other media called it “racist.” Others called it “un-American,” pointing out that telling people to go back to other countries might violate federal antidiscrimination laws. The Atlantic was even apocalyptic, arguing that “what Americans do now (in response) will define us forever” as the world’s last great bastion of multiracial democracy.
Why is this an issue for this column? Because it’s hard to imagine a similar backlash happening in Japan, even though this kind of alienation happens here often. [In fact, in Japan it’s old hat…]
Rest at https://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2019/07/24/issues/love-leave-not-real-choice/
"Embedded Racism", Articles & Publications, Bad Social Science, Cultural Issue, Exclusionism, Hate Speech and Xenophobia, History, Human Rights, Immigration & Assimilation, Japanese Politics, NJ voices ignored, discounted & discredited, Problematic Foreign Treatment, Racist Images in Media
Posted on July 19, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
Kyodo: Princess Mako paid a visit to Peruvian President Martin Vizcarra on Thursday in Lima during her trip to mark the 120th anniversary of the start of Japanese immigration to the South American country. “I feel Japanese Peruvians are treated very well in Peru. I’m grateful that Peru accepted Japanese immigrants,” the 27-year-old princess, the eldest daughter of Crown Prince Akishino, said during the meeting at the president’s office.
Vizcarra said he is glad that Japanese Peruvians are actively involved in various fields. The president also showed his gratitude to Japan’s contribution to Peru in the areas of technological and economic cooperation and archaeology. [Princess Mako] later met at a hotel in Lima with representatives of Japanese people living in Peru and Japanese volunteers dispatched by the Japan International Cooperation Agency, thanking them for their efforts in the country. On Wednesday, she attended a ceremony marking the immigration anniversary and met with Peruvians of Japanese descent. She is scheduled to travel to Bolivia on Monday to mark the 120th anniversary of the start of Japanese immigration to that country.
COMMENT FROM DEBITO.ORG READER AIS: “Team Japan celebrates its emigrants for their contributions (i.e. being Japanese) – essentially praising them for doing what it complains its immigrants do.”
COMMENT FROM DEBITO.ORG READER JDG: “Notice they don’t talk about LDP members funding Peruvian government forced sterilization of ethnic minorities. That’s some Japanese contribution to Peruvian society!”
BBC in 2002: More than 200,000 people in rural Peru were pressured into being sterilised by the government of former President Alberto Fujimori, an official report has revealed. The Health Minister, Fernando Carbone, said the government gave misleading information, offered food incentives and threatened to fine men and women if they had more children.
Poor indigenous people in rural areas were the main targets of the compulsive family planning programme until 2000, when Mr Fujimori left for Japan amid mounting corruption allegations against him. Mr Carbone said there was evidence that Mr Fujimori and a number of high-ranking ministers could be held responsible for “incorrect procedures” and “human rights violations”.
COMMENT FROM DEBITO: Now, before anyone writes in and says, “Don’t be racist. Alberto Fujimori didn’t do this BECAUSE he is Japanese. He just happened to be of Japanese descent. (And self-claimed citizenship.) While doing monstrous things.
However, remember that Fujimori WAS being funded by the right-wing Nippon Foundation (founded by war criminal Sasakawa Ryouichi), especially when it was being headed by self-proclaimed South African Apartheid supporter (and apparently personal friend of Fujimori’s) Sono Ayako.
Meaning Fujimori, with the help of Japanese eugenicists, was cleansing Peru’s countryside of Peruvian indigenous peoples without proper medical procedure or oversight.
We’ve covered Sono Ayako’s ideological hijinks and Alberto Fujimori’s international criminal activity (which is why he is in prison now) on Debito.org before. What’s missing from this celebration of Japanese history in South America, as JDG notes, is Japan’s hand in overseas modern human rights atrocities.
"Embedded Racism", Bad Business Practices, Bad Social Science, Fingerprinting, Targeting, Tracking NJ, Gaiatsu, History, Human Rights, Immigration & Assimilation, Ironies & Hypocrisies, Japanese Government, Japanese Politics, Problematic Foreign Treatment, Shoe on the Other Foot Dept.
Posted on July 9, 2019 July 9, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
Every year, the US State Department issues its “Country Reports on Human Rights Practices”. As highlighted by the Shingetsu News Agency, the 2018 Report on Japan came out last March. Now while it’s quite rich for the US to be reporting on other countries (but not, notably, itself) while it has an ongoing human-rights debacle for detained foreign entrants and asylum seekers (and their children) around its southern border, this Report has been cited over the years as authoritative (and it has also included the work of Debito.org and others). So here are the highlights on issues pertaining to Debito.org. As you can see, a lot of information is glossed over. Here are some highlighted sections for Debito.org Readers:
2018 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Japan, March 13, 2019
Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person
Prison and Detention Center Conditions
D. ARBITRARY ARREST OR DETENTION
ROLE OF THE POLICE AND SECURITY APPARATUS
ARREST PROCEDURES AND TREATMENT OF DETAINEES
Pretrial Detention
Section 2. Respect for Civil Liberties
A. FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND PRESS
D. FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT, INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS, PROTECTION OF REFUGEES, AND STATELESS PERSONS
Access to Asylum
Access to Basic Services
Elections and Political Participation
Participation of Minorities
Section 5. Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights
Government Human Rights Bodies
Section 6. Discrimination, Societal Abuses, and Trafficking in Persons
International Child Abductions
National/Racial/Ethnic Minorities
Section 7. Worker Rights
B. PROHIBITION OF FORCED OR COMPULSORY LABOR
E. ACCEPTABLE CONDITIONS OF WORK
"Embedded Racism", Bad Business Practices, Bad Social Science, Child Abductions, Exclusionism, Gaiatsu, Good News, Hate Speech and Xenophobia, Human Rights, Japanese Government, Japanese police/Foreign crime, Labor issues, Problematic Foreign Treatment, Refugees, United Nations
Posted on June 29, 2019 June 29, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
REUTERS: A Nigerian man died in a Japanese immigration detention center this week, an official said on Thursday, bringing to an end a hunger strike an activist group said was intended to protest his being held for more than three years. It was the 15th death since 2006 in a system widely criticized over medical standards, the monitoring of detainees and how guards respond to a medical emergency…
RINK, a group supporting detainees at the center, told Reuters the Nigerian had been on hunger strike to protest his lengthy detention. Another 27 foreigners are on hunger strike at a detention center in Ushiku, northeast of Tokyo, said a separate group supporting detainees at that facility. Some of them have gone without food for 47 days, said Kimiko Tanaka, a spokeswoman for the group… Two other men at Ushiku have been detained for five years, she said. “The reality of a lengthy detention is nothing but a human rights violation,” Tanaka said.
COMMENT: Dovetailing with last week’s blog entry about how Japan’s new “open door” visa programs violate basic human rights, here’s the old classic “closed door” policies aimed to punish bureaucratic transgressions by perpetually detaining people under conditions that don’t fall under standards for sufficient monitoring (because technically, they’re not “prisons”). Policywise, they’re meant to be a deterrent — part of a separate judicial track for foreigners in Japan with fewer human rights (full details on this in “Embedded Racism” Ch. 6). Separate and lethal.
Again, given how Japan’s ethnostate policies are an inspiration for xenophobes and racial supremacists worldwide, I would argue that these longstanding inhumane “Gaijin Tanks” are a working model for the “concentration camps” (the political term of debate in the US these days) for detainees along the American southern border. Except politicians in Japan don’t have the cojones to call them anything but benign-sounding “detention centers” — after all, who in any position of power cares about the plight of foreigners in Japan?
"Embedded Racism", "Pinprick Protests", Exclusionism, Human Rights, Injustice, Japanese Government, Japanese police/Foreign crime, Problematic Foreign Treatment
VISA ISSUES, SOME LETHAL
1) SCMP: “Japan: now open to foreign workers, but still just as racist?” Quotes Debito.
2) Mainichi: New “open door” visa programs violate basic NJ human rights (now including marriage and children), don’t resolve cruel detention centers, and still curb actual immigration and assimilation
4) SCMP: Japan needs thousands of foreign workers to decommission Fukushima nuclear site. High irony alert: First blame NJ, then have them clean up your deadly messes.
VISAS BEING MADE AN ISSUE
5) Yomiuri: GOJ now requiring hospitals (unlawfully) demand Gaijin Cards from NJ as a precondition for medical treatment
6) Mark: New Discriminatory Policy by Rakuten Mobile Inc., now “stricter with foreigners”, refusing even Todai MEXT Scholarship Students cellphones
7) Anonymous on Ethical Issues/Discriminatory practices being carried out by Todai and Kyodai against MEXT scholars
8 ) Kyodo: Half of foreigners in Tokyo experienced discrimination: ARIC survey
9) My Japan Times JBC 115: “Know your rights when checking in at an Airbnb” (Apr 17, 2019)
10) Foreign Minister Kouno Taro asks world media to use Japanese ordering of names (Abe Shinzo, not Shinzo Abe) in overseas reportage. Actually, I agree.
Posted on June 20, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
The Mainichi updates us on how Japan’s oft-toted “wider open door” new visa regimes make sure any actual immigration is held in check, with continuing draconian and deadly treatment for detained NJ. The Mainichi calls them “haphazard immigration policies”, but that’s inaccurate. Japan still has no policy in place to encourage newcomers become immigrants (imin, i.e., firmly-established taxpaying residents and citizens). Au contraire, they’re still part of what Debito.org has called a “revolving-door” visa policy that has been in place for nearly thirty years now (what with the “Trainee” and “Technical Intern” programs that won’t even call NJ laborers “workers” (roudousha) in order to avoid granting them some legal protections), to make sure we take them in young, fresh and cheap, and spit them out when they’re too expensive or past their working prime.
For those who fall afoul of this exploitative system, they face being made an example of within cruel “gaijin tank” detention centers (which don’t fall under minimum standards covering prisons), which in effect send a deterrent message. It’s similar to what’s happening in the concentration camps now being run by the US Customs and Border Patrol (which, given that 45’s supporters are in thrall to Japan’s putative ethnostate, should not be too surprising).
As an interesting aside, the Mainichi below mentions how Japan even ethnically cleansed itself of Iranians in the 1990s, which can and will happen again. Now public policy is going one step further — trying to nip any possibility of marriage and children with Japanese. There are even bans on NJ on certain work visas having international liaisons, marriage, and children! For all the new “open-door” visas being advertised, it’s clear that NJ are still seen more as work units than human beings.
"Embedded Racism", "Pinprick Protests", Bad Business Practices, Exclusionism, Fingerprinting, Targeting, Tracking NJ, History, Human Rights, Immigration & Assimilation, Japanese Government, Labor issues, NJ legacies, Problematic Foreign Treatment, 日本語
What follows are more travails of foreign and exchange students (not to mention foreign academics employed under this system) who think that studying in Japan is like studying or working at universities in other developed countries.
Debito.org has talked about this flawed system before, as in about a decade ago, when it comes to lack of institutional support for foreign scholarships (to the point where students just give up and leave) or even having sufficient university support when being systematically rejected for an apartment for being a foreigner! Even when the GOJ signals that it wants a more “open-door policy” for more foreign students and staff, what with the Global 30 Project funding from the Ministry of Education (MEXT), the Times Higher Education reported that Japan’s “entrenched ideas hinder” that from happening. And the THE wrote that article back in 2010, meaning that nearly a decade later things still aren’t getting much better. Read on for Anonymous’s report below on the Kafkaesque ordeal he/she had just trying to transfer schools, even those anointed under MEXT’s Global 30 Project.
Forewarned is forearmed, prospective students considering Japan as a destination. Know what you’re getting into or suffer an enormous bump in the road on your way to a terminal degree in your field.
Anonymous: When I applied for an extension to transfer to the University of Kyoto, the University of Tokyo’s rival university, the University of Tokyo had full control of whether to recommend or not recommend me to MEXT. This obviously poses ethical problems, and I was pretty quick to complain to the international office. Why on earth, I asked, am I being evaluated for a scholarship selection by a university who could potentially favor its own scholarship extension applicants, and who I will not be going to next year? At the very least, the University of Kyoto should be evaluating me as it is their university that I passed and would be going to. Lo and behold, I was mysteriously rejected – mid January, and two and a half months before I was about to enter graduate school. This permanently messed up any chance I had of pursuing my graduate studies, and consequently caused numerous other problems. I was forced to scramble to find a job last minute, in order to avoid financial ruin and being deported.
"Embedded Racism", "Pinprick Protests", Education, Exclusionism, Ironies & Hypocrisies, Japanese Government, NJ voices ignored, discounted & discredited, Problematic Foreign Treatment
Posted on June 6, 2019 June 7, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
SCMP: Anti-nuclear campaigners have teamed up with human rights activists in Japan to condemn plans by the operator of the crippled Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant to hire foreign workers to help decommission the facility.
Tokyo Electric Power Co (TEPCO) has announced it will take advantage of the government’s new working visa scheme, which was introduced on April 1 and permits thousands of foreign workers to come to Japan to meet soaring demand for labourers. The company has informed subcontractors overseas nationals will be eligible to work cleaning up the site and providing food services… Activists are far from convinced working at the site is safe for anyone and they fear foreign workers will feel “pressured” to ignore the risks if their jobs are at risk.
COMMENT: In the wake of renewed interest in nuclear disasters thanks to HBO’s miniseries “Chernobyl” (which I watched from more of a political science perspective than a popcorn disaster movie), I harked back to the Fukushima Nuclear Meltdown of 2011. There was a similar outcome, in that the fiasco demonstrated the shortcomings of a system built upon institutional lying. However, the main difference was that Fukushima helped bring down the government (the DPJ), but, unlike the Soviet system, not the architects of this corrupt system in the first place (the LDP), who remain in power stronger than ever.
But as far as Debito.org is concerned, the other big difference is that the Soviets didn’t import foreigners to do their cleanup. Unlike Japan, as Debito.org has pointed out for many years now — to the point where TEPCO not only tricked Japan’s poor or homeless into doing this dirty work, but also NJ asylum seekers! Kudos to the SCMP for reporting on an angle the overseas media has largely ignored.
"Embedded Racism", Bad Business Practices, Food, Ironies & Hypocrisies, Japan's "Blame Game", Japanese Government, Japanese Politics, Labor issues, Media, NJ legacies
Posted on May 27, 2019 May 30, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
Washington Post: Ahead of a series of important international events in Japan, including a visit from President Trump this weekend, Japan’s foreign minister has said he will issued a request to foreign media: Call our prime minister Abe Shinzo, not Shinzo Abe.
“The new Reiwa era was ushered in, and we are hosting the Group of 20 summit. As many news organizations write Chinese President Xi Jinping and South Korean President Moon Jae-in, it is desirable for Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s name to be written in a similar manner,” said foreign minister Taro Kono at a news conference Tuesday, according to the Mainichi Shimbun.
Or perhaps we should say, Kono Taro said that? Kono is the foreign minister’s family name, just as Abe is the Japanese prime minister’s family name. The Japanese diplomat says the family name should be first when referred to in English, as it is when it is written or spoken in Japanese.
COMMENT: Believe it or not, I agree with Kouno Taro. This post is to explain why. Opening the floor to discussion…
"Embedded Racism", "Pinprick Protests", Cultural Issue, Discussions, Education, Gaiatsu, History, Japanese Government, Media, Shoe on the Other Foot Dept.
SCMP: Activists point out, however, that the Japanese government’s new regulations that relax visa requirements for workers from abroad mean that there will soon be tens of thousands of additional foreigners living in Japanese communities.
“It’s a net positive that Japan is bringing over more people, since that may help normalise the fact that non-Japanese are contributing to Japanese society,” said Debito Arudou, author of Embedded Racism: Japan’s Visible Minorities and Racial Discrimination.“ But it is disappointing that Japan still is not doing the groundwork necessary to make these newcomers want to stay and contribute permanently,” he said.
“The new visa regime still treats these non-Japanese entrants as ‘revolving-door’ workers, with no clear path to permanent residency or citizenship.“ And – as the surveys seem to indicate – one fundamental flaw in these plans is that non-Japanese are insufficiently protected from the bigotry found in all societies,” Arudou said.
“Japan still has no national law against racial discrimination, remaining the only major industrialised society without one. Even government mechanisms ostensibly charged with redressing discrimination have no enforcement power. Tokyo needs to pass the laws that make racial discrimination illegal, empower oversight organisations and create an actual immigration policy instead of a “stop-gap labour shortage visa regime”, he said.
“At the very least, tell the public that non-Japanese workers are workers like everyone else, filling a valuable role, contributing to Japanese society and are residents, taxpayers, neighbours and potential future Japanese citizens,” he added.
"Embedded Racism", "Pinprick Protests", Anti-discrimination templates/meetings, Articles & Publications, Bad Business Practices, Exclusionism, Human Rights, Immigration & Assimilation, Japanese Government, Labor issues
Related to recent discussions about public refusals of service for either not complying with (unlawful) demands for NJ ID, or denial of service anyway when people in charge arbitrarily decide a visa’s length is not long enough, mentioned below is a move by the GOJ to require hospitals demand Gaijin Cards etc. (as opposed to just requiring medical insurance cards (hokenshou), like they would from any Japanese patient) as a precondition for providing treatment to sick NJ. Granted, the Yomiuri article below notes that for Japanese patients, the government is “considering” requiring a Japanese Driver License etc. as well, because the hokenshou is not a photo ID. But once again, NJ are clearly less “trustworthy” than the average Japanese patient, so NJ will have more (again, unlawful) rigmarole first.
But there’s a deeper pattern in this policy creep. Recall the “Gaijin as Guinea Pig” syndrome we’ve discussed on Debito.org for well over a decade now: Public policies to further infringe upon civil liberties are first tested out on the Gaijin — because foreign residents even Constitutionally have much fewer civil liberties — and then those policies are foisted on the general public once the precedent is set. So once again, the GOJ is taking advantage of the weakened position of NJ to assume more government control over society.
NB: There’s also a meaner attitude at work: Note in the last paragraph of the article below the echoes of 1980’s “foreigners have AIDS” paranoia creeping into LDP policy justifications once again. I say “mean” because the point would have been made by just stopping at “the person fraudulently used somebody else’s insurance”. And I’m sure presenting a Gaijin Card would have fixed the AIDS issue! (Not to mention that the GOJ apparently WANTS people to get AIDS screening, especially if they’re visibly foreign!) Such ill-considered policymaking signals!
Meanwhile, don’t expect equal treatment as a patient if you get sick while foreign. It’s official policy.
"Embedded Racism", Bad Social Science, Fingerprinting, Targeting, Tracking NJ, Hate Speech and Xenophobia, Immigration & Assimilation, Japan's "Blame Game", Japanese Government, Japanese Politics, Problematic Foreign Treatment, 日本語
Posted on May 4, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
MARK: I would like to make public a New Discriminatory Policy being implemented systematically in Rakuten Mobile. It seems that the company recently decided to deny the service to foreign customers. I have living in Japan for 2 years. When I arrived, I applied online for their service and they accepted my application immediately. This week, I tried to make a contract online for 2 friends that just came to Japan. Their online application was rejected 3 times without providing the reason. I checked everything in their application and was correct. They uploaded their scanned residence card and the quality of the image was perfect. Also the contents of the application were correct.
Hence, we went to a Rakuten Mobile Store in Ikebukuro on the afternoon of April 23. They asked for their residence cards: after seeing the residence card they denied the service arguing that the company just established new rules and are now stricter with foreigners.The 2 persons that were denied the service have a valid visa until April 2021 (2 years). They are graduate students at the University of Tokyo as me. They didn’t ask anything about the applicants. They just turned down the request based on being foreigners. I asked the reason and the lady was ashamed and said that recently the Company has began to be stricter with foreigners. I replied back saying that 2 years ago my application was accepted under the same conditions and the lady was ashamed. It seems to be a new a discriminatory policy set by a well-known company.
COMMENT: Here’s another example of how unequal treatment in customer service, when predicated upon things such as visa status (which is in fact none of the company’s business), leaves NJ open to discrimination. According to Submitter “Mark”, this is affecting people on Student Visas, where denial of service is apparently new and arbitrary. He describes his experience at Rakuten Mobile below. It’s tough enough for NJ to do the basics for life in Japan, such as open a bank account or rent an apartment. Now NJ students can’t even get a cellphone from Rakuten. Alas, this is in fact nothing new (I’ve written about NTT DoCoMo’s unequal policies before, which were so silly that they eventually abandoned them after the information came out in one of my Japan Times columns). But it still should be known about, so people can take their business elsewhere, if possible. Anyone know of an alternative cellphone company with less discriminatory policies?
"Embedded Racism", "Pinprick Protests", Bad Business Practices, Exclusionism, Immigration & Assimilation, Problematic Foreign Treatment
Posted on April 24, 2019 April 25, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
Kyodo: TOKYO (Kyodo) — Nearly half of the foreigners living in Tokyo have experienced racial discrimination, according to a survey released Tuesday by a civic group. In the survey conducted by the Anti Racism Information Center, a group organized by scholars, activists and university students, 167 of 340 respondents including students said that they have suffered discriminatory treatment such as being told not to talk in a language other than Japanese. Some working as retail shop cashiers said customers asked for Japanese cashiers, according to the face-to-face questionnaire survey conducted in February and March in Tokyo’s Shinjuku Ward. Among them, a Nepalese man who works at a drugstore said one customer told him that he or she does not like to see a foreigner working as a cashier and asked for someone else. A Chinese respondent who works at a convenience store said that a colleague told the respondent not to speak Chinese when the respondent was asked for directions by a Chinese-speaking customer. There were also cases where foreigners had apartment rental applications rejected. Some said they were denied entry into stores, but none of the respondents took their case to a public office dealing with such issues.
COMMENT: This survey is not quite on the scale or scope of the previous Ministry of Justice one Debito.org covered (and I wrote two Japan Times columns about) in 2017, since it has a smaller sample size, has a more targeted surveyed group, and is confined to the Tokyo area. But it’s nevertheless better than the very biased one the GOJ did twelve years ago. It also deserves a mention on Debito.org as it quantifies the degree and patterns of discriminatory behavior out there. ARIC, the group doing the survey, is on the right track recording issues of domestic racism and hate speech. Let’s have more surveys in other places, and get data quantified and triangulated nationwide. Enough of these, and recorded isolated incidents eventually merge into patterns, and ultimately concretely-measured trends that justify public policy fixes.
"Embedded Racism", Anti-discrimination templates/meetings, Bad Business Practices, Exclusionism, Human Rights, Immigration & Assimilation, Labor issues, Media, Problematic Foreign Treatment
JT: Last year, the government passed a law covering minpaku, which is when people rent out space on their properties to travelers (a la Airbnb). The law is part of an effort to regulate accommodations amid a tourism boom ahead of the 2020 Olympics. One issue for non-Japanese travelers, though, has been whether they must show ID such as a passports at check-in.
For hotels, which fall under the Hotel Business Law, the regulation has always been this: For any adult, Japanese or non-Japanese, who has an address in Japan, ID is not required. You just write your contact details in the guest registry. However, for guests who don’t reside in this country, displaying ID (i.e., your passport) is required.
Seems straightforward so far, right? But as has been reported several times over more than 10 years of this column, the police (and occasionally the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare) have confused things. Some hotels have been instructed that all “foreign guests” must show ID, specifically their passports… Rest at https://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2019/04/17/issues/know-rights-checking-airbnb/
"Embedded Racism", Anti-discrimination templates/meetings, Articles & Publications, Bad Business Practices, Fingerprinting, Targeting, Tracking NJ, Human Rights, Japanese Government, Japanese police/Foreign crime, Practical advice
MORE OFFICIAL OVERREACTION TO NJ INVITED INFLUX
1) Record 2.73 million NJ residents in Japan in 2018; media also shoehorns in mention of NJ crime, without mention of NJ contributions
2) MC on new Minpaku Law and NJ check-ins: Govt. telling AirBnB hostels that “foreign guests” must have passports photocopied etc. Yet not in actual text of the Minpaku Law. Or any law.
3) XY: Hotel calls cops on NJ Resident at check-in for not showing passport. And cops misinterpret laws. Unlawful official harassment is escalating.
4) Fox on getting interrogated at Sumitomo Prestia Bank in Kobe. Thanks to new FSA regulations that encourage even more racial profiling.
5) “Gaikokujin Appetizer Charge” in Osaka Dotonbori restaurant? Debito.org investigates.
THE SENAIHO CASE OF SCHOOL HAIR POLICING TAKEN TO COURT
6) Senaiho on criminal complaint against Jr High School “Hair Police” in Yamanashi
7) UPDATE: Senaiho on the stacked Board of Education committee investigating his Yamanashi jr. high school Hair Police complaint
8 ) UPDATE 2: Senaiho School Bullying in Yamanashi JHS: How people who file complaints for official harassment get harassed back
9) NYT: Hair policing soon to be treated as “racial discrimination” by NYC Commission of Human Rights. Compare with JHS & HS Hair Police in Japan.
HOW THE MIGHTY HAVE FALLEN
10) Debito.org’s stance on the Carlos Ghosn Case, at last: A boardroom coup making “thin legal soup” that might shame Japan’s “hostage justice” judicial system into reform
11) Debito article in Shingetsu News Agency: “The Japan Times Becomes Servant to the Elite” (Feb 2, 2019)
12) Japan Times JBC 114, “Top Ten Human Rights Issues for NJ in Japan for 2018” column, “Director’s Cut” with links to sources
Posted on April 12, 2019 December 15, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
Submitter XY: Just now I tried using your website to avoid having my passport scanned at a hotel after it escalated all the way to the police. The short story is: Just don’t do it, it won’t work. It’s not worth it at all…
I showed the cop the three reasons that hotels can refuse service. He tried to make an argument that it fell under the “public morals” part of clause 2, but when I pressed him on that even he agreed that it was a stretch. He went and talked on the phone for a while, but not before talking about searching my possessions, which I said was no problem. When he came back, he had written down the name of a certain law, which I’m sorry I don’t remember the name of, but it apparently allows hotels to scan IDs of its customers.
I gave up at that point, and my possessions were never searched. I gave my passport to be scanned and apologized to the police and apologized more profusely to the receptionist.I have the feeling that if the cops that showed up were less nice, they would have found some reason to take me to the station. So I’m currently feeling very lucky. I won’t roll the dice again.
COMMENT: But the point still stands: When it comes to dealing with hotel check-ins, Japan’s police have been bending the law (if not simply making it up) for well over a decade. The law: If you have an address in Japan, you don’t have to show ID, regardless of citizenship. As Submitter XY would probably argue, the issue is now whether or not you are willing to stare down the police.
"Embedded Racism", "Pinprick Protests", Anti-discrimination templates/meetings, Bad Business Practices, Bad Social Science, Fingerprinting, Targeting, Tracking NJ, Japanese Government, Japanese police/Foreign crime, Tourism
Here’s a second update from “Senaiho”, who has given Debito.org important updates (previous ones here and here) about overzealous enforcers of school rules in Japan’s compulsory education system acting as what Debito.org has long called “the Hair Police“. This phenomenon particularly affects NJ and Japanese of diverse backgrounds, who are forced by officials to dye and/or straighten their naturally “Non-Asian” hair just to attend school.
The interesting news is that according to a recent article in Japan Today (full text after Senaiho’s dispatches) is that forcible hair cutting like this is seen as (generally distasteful) corporal punishment (taibatsu) elsewhere (in conservative Yamaguchi Prefecture of all places, home constituency of PM Abe). In that case, apologies were forced by the students, top-down pressure put on the teacher to reform, and the teacher being relieved of some of his duties. Let’s keep an eye on Senaiho’s case, for if his criminal complaint succeeds, it will be a template for others on how to take cases of abusive teachers out of the hands of evasive, “see-no-evil” Boards of Education, and protect diverse children from the cookie-cutter conformity of Japan’s JHSs and SHSs.
Posted on March 29, 2019 March 30, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
Mainichi: A record 2,731,093 foreigners were registered living in Japan at the end of 2018, up 6.6 percent from a year earlier, bolstered by a rising number of students and technical trainees, the Justice Ministry said Friday. The government is expecting a further rise in foreign residents under a new visa system to be implemented next month with the aim of attracting more foreign workers amid a severe shortage of labor in the country.
COMMENT: After a dip a few years ago, the population of NJ continues to rise, now reaching a new record, according to the Mainichi and the Yomiuri below. This will probably continue, since, as I have noted in previous writings (see #1 here too), the Japanese Government is actively seeking to bring in NJ to fill perpetual labor shortages. But as noted, it won’t be treated as an “immigration policy”, meaning these people won’t be officially encouraged to stay. Nor will they be treated with the respect they deserve (as usual) for their valuable contributions to society. As submitter JK notes, “Of course these reports aren’t complete without the obligatory linkage between ‘foreign’ and ‘crime’ (i.e. illegal overstayers).”
When will the GOJ decide to give us some stats on how much NJ, as workers, contribute to the bottom line by keeping companies staffed and in business? Or by paying taxes? Other countries manage to come up with these kinds of figures, so why can’t Japan? Well, because that would encourage regular folk to have justifications for seeing NJ as human beings, and wanting them to stay for reasons beyond facile curiosity/exploitation. Can’t have that!
"Embedded Racism", Bad Social Science, Good News, Immigration & Assimilation, Japanese Government, Japanese police/Foreign crime, Japanese Politics, Labor issues, Media, Unsustainable Japanese Society
My old friend Fox in Japan writes in with a tale of being, as he puts it, “interrogated” at the bank for trying to send $500 overseas while foreign. And if you think the claim “while foreign” is a bit of an exaggeration, Debito.org has numerous records of racial profiling by Japanese banks for sending or receiving funds (or exchanging money) of even minuscule amounts (such as 500 yen). New regulations, however, require a “risk-based approach” (which is, according to the Nikkei, recommended but not required), meaning the scale of “risk” depends on how much money the sender/receiver has in that bank. Or as the Nikkei puts it, “Consider a customer with a direct payroll deposit of 300,000 yen ($2,660) a month who receives 200 million yen from an overseas bank. The government would require that the bank not only follow up confirming the identity of the person withdrawing the funds, but also check the deposit history and what the cash will be used for.”
Meaning that this is no longer a matter of transfer amount — i.e., a large transfer of 5,000,000 yen (later 2,000,000 yen) used to raise flags while smaller transfers didn’t. (Japan’s FSA Guidelines of 2018 mention no money amount whatsoever.) The problem now becomes, without an objective minimum transfer amount to be flagged, that any “foreigner” can be arbitrarily deemed “risky” at any time simply by dint. It encourages racial profiling even further, in addition to what you already have at Japan’s hotels and other public accommodation, police instant ID checkpoints, and tax agencies. More Embedded Racism.
"Embedded Racism", "Pinprick Protests", Bad Business Practices, Fingerprinting, Targeting, Tracking NJ, Gaiatsu, Japanese Government, Japanese police/Foreign crime, Problematic Foreign Treatment
Posted on March 6, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
Message to BBS: ‘I was in the Dotonbori area in Osaka for the New Years break. My friend and I were hungry and decided to go to an Izakaya there rather than walk a bit. Given that it’s a huge touristy area we were already expecting sneaky charges and overpriced food, but we were hungry. Anyways, we pay and notice that the price is higher than we expected, but we were super tired and didn’t feel like doing the math. An hour later we’re on the train headed to Kobe and we look at the receipt, we notice a Gaijin fee of 300 yen per person. The service charge was BS too, but somehow less surprising. Has anybody experienced something similar.”
COMMENT: A reader of this BBS sent Debito.org a copy of the receipt, and yes, “Gaikokujin Tsukidashi” (Appetizers for Foreigners) is clearly listed. Debito telephoned the restaurant to investigate…
"Embedded Racism", "Pinprick Protests", Anti-discrimination templates/meetings, Food, Problematic Foreign Treatment, Tourism, 日本語
Posted on February 23, 2019 February 24, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
It seems the GOJ is up to its old tricks: Reinterpreting the law to pick on “foreigners” again. This was seen previously on Debito.org to encourage racial profiling at hotel check-ins, and now with the new Minpaku Law affecting AirBnB-style private homes opened for public accommodation (minshuku), it’s more of the same. Read on from Debito.org Reader MC:
MC: I wrote to the Minpaku I stayed at with an explanation of the problematic nature of their system in regards to Non-Japanese customers. First, they had no right to ask for photographs of anyone, resident or not, Japanese or not. The idea of requiring guests to upload a scan of a driving licence or passport, or even just a face shot, is just asking for identity theft, and is certainly illegal. I explained the law on this as follows: “The Japan Hotel Laws are quite clear on this: If the guest is NOT a resident of Japan you DO have the right to ask for a passport number (not a copy of the passport). But if the guest IS a resident of Japan, on the other hand, whatever the nationality, they have no responsibility to provide any kind of copy of an official document or any photograph. It’s a gross invasion of privacy.”
The Minpaku lodging replied to say that the new Minpaku Law of 2018 allowed for online check-in, and required photographic ID. The former is true, but I didn’t think the latter was. However, I checked out the wording at the Minpaku system portal on the MLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) site, and it looks to me as though there is some cause for worry.
COMMENT: MLIT is offering a freewheeling interpretation of the law (as keeps happening by Japanese officialdom, particularly the Japanese police, over-interpreting the law for their convenience to target foreigners). However, there is NOTHING in the Minpaku Law that requires NJ Residents of Japan to supply passport numbers (and by extension passport copies and mugshots). But where is this heading? Towards more rigmarole, policing, and official harassment of NJ-resident customers. (MLIT is even explicitly advising Minpaku to call the cops if the “foreign guest” has no passport, even though residents are not required to carry them; and as the Carlos Ghosn Case demonstrates, you do NOT want to be detained by the Japanese police under any circumstances.) And I have been hearing of other Japan-lifers now finding it harder to check-in while foreign.
Bottom line: The new Minpaku Law hasn’t fundamentally changed anything in regards to NJ resident customers. You are still not required to show ID, passport, or photo to any Japanese accommodation if you indicate that you have an address in Japan.
"Embedded Racism", "Pinprick Protests", Anti-discrimination templates/meetings, Bad Business Practices, Bad Social Science, Fingerprinting, Targeting, Tracking NJ, Japanese Government, Japanese police/Foreign crime, Practical advice, Problematic Foreign Treatment, Tourism, 日本語
NYT: Under new guidelines to be released this week by the New York City Commission on Human Rights, the targeting of people based on their hair or hairstyle, at work, school or in public spaces, will now be considered racial discrimination. The change in law applies to anyone in New York City but is aimed at remedying the disparate treatment of black people; the guidelines specifically mention the right of New Yorkers to maintain their “natural hair, treated or untreated hairstyles such as locs, cornrows, twists, braids, Bantu knots, fades, Afros, and/or the right to keep hair in an uncut or untrimmed state.”
In practice, the guidelines give legal recourse to individuals who have been harassed, threatened, punished, demoted or fired because of the texture or style of their hair. The city commission can levy penalties up to $250,000 on defendants that are found in violation of the guidelines and there is no cap on damages. The commission can also force internal policy changes and rehirings at offending institutions… (The new guidelines do not interfere with health and safety reasons for wearing hair up or in a net, as long as the rules apply to everyone.)
The guidelines, obtained by The New York Times before their public release, are believed to be the first of their kind in the country. They are based on the argument that hair is inherent to one’s race (and can be closely associated with “racial, ethnic, or cultural identities”) and is therefore protected under the city’s human rights laws, which outlaw discrimination on the basis of race, gender, national origin, religion and other protected classes.
COMMENT: Related to our recent posts by Senaiho about the unchecked bullying power of the self-appointed “Hair Police” in Japan’s secondary education system, here’s how a progressive system deals with it, particularly when it comes to hairstyles in the professional world. New York City’s Human Rights Commission will soon be enforcing guidelines dealing with racial discrimination when it comes to how people choose to wear their hair professionally. And these penalties have real teeth: The NYC HRC can levy fines on companies of up to a quarter-mil, plus damages in court afterwards!
This is, of course, absolutely unimaginable in Japan, where their state-sponsored “Bureau of Human Rights” (Jinken Yougobu) is but a Potemkin system (with no ability to levy penalties, and arbitrary guidelines for launching investigations) that only exists to deflect criticism from overseas that Japan isn’t respecting treaty obligations towards human rights. Consequently people of diversity are forced into an absolutist narrative where “looking Japanese” is not only quantifiable as a standard (e.g., hair must be straight and black), but also enforceable under normalized racial profiling by the Japanese police (which has detained people for “looking foreign” while Japanese). This is why “Embedded Racism” remains so unchecked in Japan. So consider the NYC HRC as a template.
"Embedded Racism", Anti-discrimination templates/meetings, Bad Business Practices, Cultural Issue, Good News, Human Rights, Labor issues, Shoe on the Other Foot Dept., Tangents
What follows is an update about Senaiho’s case, i.e., overzealous enforcers of school rules in Japan’s compulsory education system who essentially become the “Hair Police”. This phenomenon particularly affects NJ and Japanese of diverse backgrounds, who are forced by officials to dye and/or straighten their naturally “Non-Asian” hair just to attend school.
Bullying is rife in Japanese education, but when it’s ignored (or even perpetuated) by officialdom, this feeling of powerlessness will leave children (particularly those NJ children with diverse physical features targeted for “standing out”) and their families scarred for life. (As discussed at length in book “Embedded Racism”, pg. 154-5.) As reported on Debito.org last month, after months of playing by the rules established by the local Board of Education, Senaiho finally lodged a formal criminal complaint against his daughter’s school officials, and it’s smoking out hidden documents. This blog entry is an update to the case, where he has managed to uncover just how stacked the system is against him, and why he was entirely correct to pursue this issue through criminal, not Board of Education, channels.
This is one of the worst-kept secrets about Japan — its underdeveloped civil society generally leaves the government to do everything, and the cosy relations between government officials means a lack of independent investigation and oversight. Coverup becomes Standard Operating Procedure. Hence “kusai mono ni futa o suru” (“put a lid on that which stinks” — instead of actually cleaning it up) isn’t a bellyaching grumble — it’s a PROVERB in Japan.
Your kid having trouble in Japanese school? Keep an eye on this case and learn a few alternative avenues for recourse.
"Embedded Racism", "Pinprick Protests", Anti-discrimination templates/meetings, Bad Business Practices, Cultural Issue, Injustice, Japanese Government, Problematic Foreign Treatment
Posted on February 2, 2019 April 17, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
A couple of days ago I commented on an article in the Japan Times by a former Ministry of Foreign Affairs diplomat and TV pundit Miyake Kunihiko (or “Kuni”, for gaijin ingratiation) who has a weekly JT space for his musings. A pedigreed elite trained in international “Gaijin Handling”, Miyake clumsily talks about Japan’s race relations and multiethnic future by critiquing tennis champ Osaka Naomi’s “Japaneseness”.
My JT comment helped draw attention to the article, and I’ve just written my first feature piece for the Shingetsu News Agency (the only independent English-language media left in Japan not toeing a Japanese government line) about what Miyake’s article indicates in terms of the decline in the JT’s analytical abilities, as it swings rightward to knuckle under to revisionist pressure on Japanese media and curry favor with Japan’s elites. It also cites other research from Reuters and the Asia-Pacific Journal (Japan Focus). Here’s an excerpt:
The Japan Times Becomes Servant to the Elite
By Debito Arudou, Shingetsu News Agency, February 2, 2019
On January 28, the Japan Times published an opinion piece titled, “How Japanese is Naomi Osaka?” Author Kunihiko Miyake “felt something odd” about how the multiethnic tennis champ could ever “represent Japan.” Miyake’s article is indicative of how the quality of analysis has slipped under the Japan Times’ new ownership, and suggests how the purposes of the organization have changed…
[Miyake’s] half-baked column is indicative of something much larger—a decline in analytical prowess due to the editorial changes at the Japan Times in recent years.
The Japan Times came under new ownership in June 2017 by the media group News2u Holdings, a PR company. In an unexpected editorial shift, last November the Japan Times announced that it would henceforth be rewording the “potentially misleading” (and internationally-recognized) terms “Comfort Women”—which is already a direct translation of the official euphemism of ianfu—as “women who worked in wartime brothels, including those who did so against their will, to provide sex to Japanese soldiers.” Likewise, the term “forced laborers” would now be rendered merely as “wartime laborers,” following the new government policy.
Aside from journalistic concerns about cramming a wordy term into concise articles, it wasn’t hard for media observers to understand this as a response to government pressure, already manifest in Japanese media and world history textbooks, to portray Japan’s past in a more exculpatory light…
Full article at at http://shingetsunewsagency.com/2019/02/02/the-japan-times-becomes-servant-to-the-elite/
"Embedded Racism", "Pinprick Protests", Articles & Publications, Bad Business Practices, Bad Social Science, Cultural Issue, Hate Speech and Xenophobia, Human Rights, Immigration & Assimilation, Ironies & Hypocrisies, Japanese Government, Japanese Politics, Media, NJ voices ignored, discounted & discredited, Problematic Foreign Treatment, Sport
Now that the clicks have died down on my latest Japan Times JBC column of January 28, 2019 (thanks for putting it in the Top Ten trending articles once again), what follows is the first final draft I submitted to the Japan Times for editing on December 29, 2018. I blog this version because a lot of information is lost (inevitably) as we cut the word count from 2800 to 1600 words. (I generally put everything in the first final draft, then cut it down to fit the page; that way we don’t overlook anything and have to backtrack.)
People have been asking what got cut (and yes, the original version mentions Michael Woodford and Jeff Kingston), so the piece below is quite a bit different from what appeared in the Japan Times here (meaning it shouldn’t draw away any readers from the JT version; in fact, it will probably spur more views from readers wanting to compare). Also, having links to sources matter, so here it all is, including my regular acerbic tone.
"Pinprick Protests", Articles & Publications, Bad Business Practices, Bad Social Science, Cultural Issue, Exclusionism, Fingerprinting, Targeting, Tracking NJ, Gaiatsu, Good News, Hate Speech and Xenophobia, History, Human Rights, Immigration & Assimilation, Ironies & Hypocrisies, Japanese Government, Japanese police/Foreign crime, Japanese Politics, Labor issues, Lawsuits, Media, NJ legacies, NJ voices ignored, discounted & discredited, Problematic Foreign Treatment, Racist Images in Media, SITYS, Sport, Tourism, United Nations, Unsustainable Japanese Society
Posted on January 27, 2019 by Debito Arudou Ph.D.
Title: From new visas to a tourism backlash, the Top 10 issues that affected us in 2018 may forecast our future treatment
Every January, Just Be Cause takes a look at how things went for the non-Japanese residents of Japan (NJ) in the previous year.
While not everything made this year’s list — there were the false claims of “foreigner fraud” of the national health insurance system, and fake news of NJ crime in the wake of the Osaka quake in June — the issues that did, ranked in ascending order, may portend how our community is treated in 2019 and beyond.
10) Brazilians snub new visa
Rest at https://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2019/01/27/issues/new-visas-tourism-backlash-top-10-issues-affected-us-2018-may-forecast-future-treatment/
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Euro regains ground ahead of crucial ECB meeting on Thursday
Enrique Díaz-Álvarez • 20/Ιαν/2015 • Currency Updates
Monday saw limited movement in Sterling as a lack of significant releases led to low levels of volatility. The UK currency finished the day flat against the Dollar.
Growth fears in the UK were abated somewhat yesterday after Ernst & Young upgraded its GDP forecast for 2015. The recent sharp decline in oil prices and a delayed interest rate hike have boosted their growth projections from 2.5% to 2.9%, the highest level in seven years if it were to materialise. A gradual increase in wage growth, which recently exceeded inflation for the first time in five years, could also boost growth according to E&Y. The report also suggested that inflation will average around zero for the remainder of the year, turning negative in the early months as oil prices remain low.
No data of note out in the UK today. Attention in the UK markets will be on the Bank of England minutes tomorrow morning and the release of the interest rate vote from this month’s monetary policy committee.
The single currency rebounded on Monday from an eleven year low, climbing by 0.6% on the Dollar and by 0.5% versus the Pound, as investors brace for a hectic second half of the week.
The Eurozone’s current account shrank for a second consecutive month in November. The seasonally adjusted figure declined from €19.5 billion in October to €18.1 billion and, while remaining phenomenally strong, has fallen substantially since hitting a record €30.86 billion last autumn. Such a large surplus, however, still points to both weak internal demand and the exporting prowess of mainly German companies. At about €520 billion each year, Europe’s current account surplus is now bigger than that of the Chinese economy in the 2000s, leading to a “euroglut”, in which domestic demand has plunged since the Eurozone crisis. In yesterday’s other main release, construction output remained close to static in November, increasing by a mere 0.1% MoM to register an annualised 2.2% increase.
Movements in the currency markets this week will be driven almost exclusively by speculation and fall-out from the ECB monetary policy statement on Thursday. In the meantime, economic sentiment data out in Germany at 10am UK time could cause additional volatility.
The national holiday in recognition of Martin Luther King Day made for a quiet start to the week across the pond. The US Dollar traded within a narrow band of its peers due to the absence of data releases or announcements, with the US Dollar index finishing the day 0.3% down.
As fall-out from last week’s Swiss National Bank shock decision continues, markets appeared to be adopting a general theme of risk reduction on Monday. Investors are generally reducing risk in the FX market, with a lessening in exposure to long-Dollar trades causing the US currency to dip slightly as markets opened for the week.
A handful of second-tier data releases today may cause some market movement. The National Association of Home Builders Housing market index at 3pm London time is likely to cause most volatility.
The Danish Krone came under the spotlight on Monday after the Danish National Bank lowered its deposit rate further into negative territory in order to defend its Euro peg following the Swiss National Bank’s decision to abandon its currency ceiling last week. The deposit rate was slashed from -0.05% to -0.2% amid speculation that Denmark could be forced to follow Switzerland and remove its peg, despite Economic Minister Morten Oestergaard stating it remained “secure”. Elsewhere, the Nigerian Naira weakened to a record low ahead of today’s interest rate decision.
Swiss National Bank surprise removal of Franc cap stuns currency markets
Euro falls, despite strong Sentiment data, as ECB meeting looms
Written by Enrique Díaz-Álvarez
Chief Risk Officer at Ebury. Committed to mitigating FX risk through tailored strategies, detailed market insight, and FXFC forecasting for Bloomberg.
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Bad Girl RiRi Firing Up Some More Beef
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The “Selfie” Era: Apps That You Need!
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The Hunger Games Movie Premiere
March 14, 2012 | by: Deidra Goggin
Josh Hutcherson, Jennifer Lawrence, Liam Hemsworth
May the odds be ever in your favor! Monday night, just outside the Nokia Theater, the world watched as one of the year’s most anticipated movies premiered and boy was there excitement! The premiere brought out a black carpet filled with the films’ stars and excited fans, similar to a premiere for a Twilight movie.
Fan’s signs read, “Jennifer, can I please have a hug?” and “Josh, you make my heart go Peeta-Patter.” Actor Liam Hemsworth, who plays Gale in the film, described it saying, “The fans around this thing are so passionate. I’ve just been trying to keep my head on, realize what’s happening right now… It’s a little crazy. It’s extremely crazy actually.”
Suzanne Collins’ popular book series has been made into a movie, which means “you’ve made it” in the book world. The Hunger Games series is one that brings the reader into a whole new and captivating world. The story is set in the future where a boy and a girl from each of the twelve districts of the country are set to play for their lives in the Hunger Games put on by the Capitol. Katniss and Peeta are the two from District Twelve to play in the games and we follow their story as to how they strive to survive.
“Right now I’m terrified out of my mind. I feel like a shaking Chihuahua at the door…I’m so out of my mind stressed and excited that I don’t know how I feel,” the young starlet Jennifer Lawrence said in an interview. However, she seems to be handling all the pressure just fine and looking fabulous I might add.
Amandla Stenberg, Miley Cyrus, Elizabeth Banks, Isabelle Furhman, Jennifer Lawrence, Leven Rambin
The star of the film, Jennifer Lawrence, definitely wowed everyone by wearing a gold Prabal Gurung dress, including cut-outs that showed off her amazing figure. The starlet finished her look with Jimmy Choo heels and Jacob & Co. black diamond studs, creating a perfect outfit for the big premiere.
Her co-star Elizabeth Banks rocked a stand out orange dress by Atelier Versace, Jimmy Choo heels and Judith Leiber clutch. Other stars including Kendall and Kylie Jenner, Shailene Woodley and Jack Quaid, arrived to show their support for the movie premiere as well, making it a truly star studded event.
Some of the midnight showings are already sold out for The Hunger Games, which hits theaters March 23.
Tags: Elizabeth Banks, Jack Quaid, Jennifer Lawrence, Josh Hutcherson, Katniss and Peeta, Kendall Jenner, Kylie Jenner, Liam Hemsworth, Shailene Woodley, Suzanne Collins, The Hunger Games
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EMTAC LABORATORIES PRIVATE LIMITED
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EMTAC stands for electrical/electronic, mechanical, thermal assessments and certifications. It was established to develop as a premier laboratory and certification body in the fields of physical security products, electrical, electronic and mechanical.
Establishment started with physical securities products testing laboratory at IDA, Nacharam, Hyderabad on 01 February 2015. Laboratory has a covered space of 6228 sq ft. Further Electrical and Electronic testing laboratory was established at NSIC building, Kushaiguda, Hyderabad on a short-term lease, as additional laboratory space (7122 sq ft.) for electrical and electronic testing was further made available by the lessor at IDA, all the testing activities were centralised on 01 November 2017 at IDA Nacharam - the present registered office of the Company.
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Ms. Harita Vasireddi and Mr. V.V.Prasad are the founding directors. They have brought in about three decades of experience in leading one of India’s most reputed laboratories and have guided EMTAC to install best of tested laboratory systems and practices.
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First Chief Executive Officer of the company was Mr P Sengupta, former Deputy Director General of Bureau of Indian Standards. Mr Sengupta had brought in over three decades of experience in various products’ standardization and contributed to the concept of EMTAC. His contribution as an active member of MED 24 – the BIS Committee responsible for formulating national standards on Physical Security Products has been acknowledged by BIS and PSP industry. He provided great leadership to EMTAC till his unexpected/untimely death on 16 October 2017.
Mr R S Sarma former Director of BIS succeeded as the interim CEO w.e.f. 01 November 2017. Hitherto Mr. Sarma was retained as a consultant for electrical and electronic testing. Mr Sarma is an M. Tech in power systems with more than three decades of experience, including establishment and managing of electrical laboratory of BIS, Southern Zone. He is a qualified lead auditor for ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and IS 18001. Mr Sarma served as CEO till 15 November 2018, his final retirement.
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Fence sitters and those who are looking for more information
[ 1345 posts ] Go to page Previous 1 ... 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ... 90 Next
Milton Banana
Post subject: Re: Fence sitters and those who are looking for more informa
Seems like some in Europe are beginning to wake up.
http://dailycaller.com/2014/02/07/spain ... -capacity/
A lagging economy and budget woes means Spain can’t afford to maintain its green subsidy regime — the country has joined the ranks of other European nations suffering from green fatigue.
Germany and the United Kingdom have also been suffering from green fatigue as efforts to repeal renewable energy subsidies and taxes have gained momentum.
UK Prime Minister David Cameron backed off his promise to run the “greenest government ever” last November when he told aides to “get rid of all the green crap” from UK energy bills to help bring down costs — which are spiraling out of control.
Cameron and his cabinet have been critical of wind farm subsidies along with solar subsidies as well. In 2011, his Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne said: “If we burden [businesses] with endless social and environmental goals — however worthy in their own right — then not only will we not achieve those goals, but the businesses will fail, jobs will be lost, and our country will be poorer.”
Germans are burdened by some of the highest power costs in Europe. The German newspaper Der Spiegel even went so far as to describe electricity as a “luxury good.”
“The promotion of green electricity costs will cost our citizens [$32.5 billion] next year, which is a lot of money that could otherwise be spent on buying new cars, furniture or on restaurant visits,” said Michael Fuchs, deputy leader of Germany’s Christian Democratic Union.
Potato chip enthusiast.
The house of cards in Europe continues to fall.
http://news.investors.com/ibd-editorial ... conomy.htm
Energy Policy: The media aren't paying much attention, but in recent weeks Europe has decided to run, not walk, as fast as it can away from the economic menace of green energy.
That's right, the same Europeans who used to chastise us for not signing the Kyoto climate change treaty, not passing a carbon tax and dooming the planet to catastrophic global warming.
In Brussels last month, European leaders agreed to scrap per-nation caps on carbon emissions. The EU countries — France, Germany, Italy and Spain — had promised a 40% reduction in emissions by 2030 (and 80% by 2050!). Now those caps won't apply to individual nations.
Brussels calls this new policy "flexibility." Right. More like "never mind," and here's why: The new German economic minister, Sigmar Gabriel, says green energy mandates have become such an albatross around the neck of industry that they could lead to a "deindustrialization" of Germany.
Chancellor Angela Merkel said earlier this year that overreliance on renewable energy could cause "a problem in terms of energy supply" — and she's always described herself as a green politician and a champion of these programs.
But green dreams have collided with cold economic reality. Green programs aren't creating green jobs but green unemployment at intolerable double-digit rates. The quip in economically exhausted Europe these days is that before we save the planet, we have to save ourselves.
Now European leaders are admitting quietly that they want to get into the game of fracking and other new drilling technologies that have caused an explosion of oil and gas production in the U.S.
According to energy expert Daniel Yergin, if Europe wants to remain competitive, these nations must tap the fountain of abundant and cheap shale gas and oil. He recently wrote that European leaders now realize a major factor behind the economic woes in euroland is that electric power costs are "two to three times more expensive" than in the U.S.
Consider the price of natural gas in the U.S. vs. other nations in the chart below. (Chart did not copy so I will recreate it here. Price of natural gas. Japan, 16.75 dollars per million Btu's. Germany, 11.03. UK, 9.46. USA, 3.50. And, Canada 2.27. Edit to add Milton Banana.) U.S. prices are about three to four times lower, and in states like Ohio, Michigan and Pennsylvania this is causing a renaissance in manufacturing. German engineering and manufacturing firms are looking to relocate to the U.S. where power costs are lower.
What's amazing about this story is that so few American politicians get it. President Obama talked in his State of the Union speech about doubling renewable energy output over the coming years. Mr. President, these are exactly the goals the Europeans are abandoning. Why chase the losers?
Why not try a different approach to energy policy? Get rid of all taxpayer subsidies for energy — oil, gas, wind and solar power, biofuels, electric-battery-operated cars and others — and create a true level playing field where every energy source competes on efficiency and cost rather than political/corporate favoritism?
The answer is that the green lobby knows it can't possibly compete on a level playing field. Not with natural gas at $4 and 150 years' worth of this power source in Appalachia's Marcellus shale basin and more out West.
The Europeans made nearly a $100 billion wrong bet on renewable energy, and their economies and citizens have taken a big hit. Now they've awakened to their mistakes. The shame is Washington is still slumbering
http://grumpydenier.wordpress.com/2013/ ... -the-ipcc/
Milton Banana wrote:
46 statements by IPCC experts against the IPCC.
1. Dr Robert Balling: “The IPCC notes that “No significant acceleration in the rate of sea level rise during the 20th century has been detected.” This did not appear in the IPCC Summary for Policymakers.
2. Dr Lucka Bogataj: “Rising levels of airborne carbon dioxide don’t cause global temperatures to rise…. temperature changed first and some 700 years later a change in aerial content of carbon dioxide followed.”
3. Dr John Christy: “Little known to the public is the fact that most of the scientists involved with the IPCC do not agree that global warming is occurring. Its findings have been consistently misrepresented and/or politicized with each succeeding report.”
4. Dr Rosa Compagnucci: “Humans have only contributed a few tenths of a degree to warming on Earth. Solar activity is a key driver of climate.”
5. Dr Richard Courtney: “The empirical evidence strongly indicates that the anthropogenic global warming hypothesis is wrong.”
6. Dr Judith Curry: “I’m not going to just spout off and endorse the IPCC because I don’t have confidence in the process.”
7. Dr Robert Davis: “Global temperatures have not been changing as state of the art climate models predicted they would. Not a single mention of satellite temperature observations appears in the IPCC Summary for Policymakers.”
8. Dr Willem de Lange: “In 1996 the IPCC listed me as one of approximately 3000 “scientists” who agreed that there was a discernible human influence on climate. I didn’t. There is no evidence to support the hypothesis that runaway catastrophic climate change is due to human activities.”
9 Dr Chris de Freitas: “Government decision-makers should have heard by now that the basis for the long-standing claim that carbon dioxide is a major driver of global climate is being questioned; along with it the hitherto assumed need for costly measures to restrict carbon dioxide emissions. If they have not heard, it is because of the din of global warming hysteria that relies on the logical fallacy of ‘argument from ignorance’ and predictions of computer models.”
10. Dr Oliver Frauenfeld: “Much more progress is necessary regarding our current understanding of climate and our abilities to model it.”
11. Dr Peter Dietze: “Using a flawed eddy diffusion model, the IPCC has grossly underestimated the future oceanic carbon dioxide uptake.”
12. Dr John Everett: “It is time for a reality check. The oceans and coastal zones have been far warmer and colder than is projected in the present scenarios of climate change. I have reviewed the IPCC and more recent scientific literature and believe that there is not a problem with increased acidification, even up to the unlikely levels in the most-used IPCC scenarios.”
13. Dr Eigil Friis-Christensen: “The IPCC refused to consider the sun’s effect on the Earth’s climate as a topic worthy of investigation. The IPCC conceived its task only as investigating potential human causes of climate change.”
14. Dr Lee Gerhard: “I never fully accepted or denied the anthropogenic global warming concept until the furore started after NASA’s James Hansen’s wild claims in the late 1980s. I went to the [scientific] literature to study the basis of the claim, starting with first principles. My studies then led me to believe that the claims were false.”
15. Dr Indur Goklany: “Climate change is unlikely to be the world’s most important environmental problem of the 21st century. There is no signal in the mortality data to indicate increases in the overall frequencies or severities of extreme weather events, despite large increases in the population at risk.”
16. Dr Vincent Gray: “The [IPCC] climate change statement is an orchestrated litany of lies.”
17. Dr Mike Hulme: “Claims such as ’2500 of the world’s leading scientists have reached a consensus that human activities are having a significant influence on the climate’ are disingenuous … The actual number of scientists who backed that claim was only a few dozen.”
18 Dr Kiminori Itoh: “There are many factors which cause climate change. Considering only greenhouse gases is nonsense and harmful.”
19 Dr Yuri Izrael: “There is no proven link between human activity and global warming. I think the panic over global warming is totally unjustified. There is no serious threat to the climate.”
20 Dr Steven Japar: “Temperature measurements show that the climate model-predicted mid-troposphere hot zone is non-existent. This is more than sufficient to invalidate global climate models and projections made with them.”
21. Dr Georg Kaser: “This number [of receding glaciers reported by the IPCC] is not just a little bit wrong, it is far out by any order of magnitude … It is so wrong that it is not even worth discussing.”
22. Dr Aynsley Kellow: “I’m not holding my breath for criticism to be taken on board, which underscores a fault in the whole peer review process for the IPCC: there is no chance of a chapter [of the IPCC report] ever being rejected for publication, no matter how flawed it might be.”
23. Dr Madhav Khandekar: “I have carefully analysed adverse impacts of climate change as projected by the IPCC and have discounted these claims as exaggerated and lacking any supporting evidence.”
24. Dr Hans Labohm: “The alarmist passages in the IPCC Summary for Policymakers have been skewed through an elaborate and sophisticated process of spin-doctoring.”
25. Dr Andrew Lacis: “There is no scientific merit to be found in the Executive Summary. The presentation sounds like something put together by Greenpeace activists and their legal department.”
26. Dr Chris Landsea: “I cannot in good faith continue to contribute to a process that I view as both being motivated by pre-conceived agendas and being scientifically unsound.”
27. Dr Richard Lindzen: “The IPCC process is driven by politics rather than science. It uses summaries to misrepresent what scientists say and exploits public ignorance.”
28 Dr Harry Lins: “Surface temperature changes over the past century have been episodic and modest and there has been no net global warming for over a decade now. The case for alarm regarding climate change is grossly overstated.”
29. Dr Philip Lloyd: “I am doing a detailed assessment of the IPCC reports and the Summaries for Policy Makers, identifying the way in which the Summaries have distorted the science. I have found examples of a summary saying precisely the opposite of what the scientists said.”
30. Dr Martin Manning: “Some government delegates influencing the IPCC Summary for Policymakers misrepresent or contradict the lead authors.”
31. Dr Stephen McIntyre: “The many references in the popular media to a ‘consensus of thousands of scientists’ are both a great exaggeration and also misleading.”
32. Dr Patrick Michaels: “The rates of warming, on multiple time scales, have now invalidated the suite of IPCC climate models. No, the science is not settled.”
33. Dr Nils-Axel Morner: “If you go around the globe, you find no sea level rise anywhere.”
34. Dr Johannes Oerlemans: “The IPCC has become too political. Many scientists have not been able to resist the siren call of fame, research funding and meetings in exotic places that awaits them if they are willing to compromise scientific principles and integrity in support of the man-made global-warming doctrine.”
35. Dr Roger Pielke: “All of my comments were ignored without even a rebuttal. At that point, I concluded that the IPCC Reports were actually intended to be advocacy documents designed to produce particular policy actions, but not a true and honest assessment of the understanding of the climate system.”
36. Dr Paul Reiter: “As far as the science being ‘settled,’ I think that is an obscenity. The fact is the science is being distorted by people who are not scientists.”
37. Dr Murray Salby: “I have an involuntary gag reflex whenever someone says the science is settled. Anyone who thinks the science is settled on this topic is in fantasia.”
38. Dr Tom Segalstad: “The IPCC global warming model is not supported by the scientific data.”
39. Dr Fred Singer: “Isn’t it remarkable that the Policymakers Summary of the IPCC report avoids mentioning the satellite data altogether, or even the existence of satellites — probably because the data show a slight cooling over the last 18 years, in direct contradiction of the calculations from climate models?”
40. Dr Hajo Smit: “There is clear cut solar-climate coupling and a very strong natural variability of climate on all historical time scales. Currently I hardly believe anymore that there is any relevant relationship between human CO2 emissions and climate change.”
41. Dr Richard Tol: “The IPCC attracted more people with political rather than academic motives. In AR4, green activists held key positions in the IPCC and they succeeded in excluding or neutralising opposite voices.”
42. Dr Tom Tripp: “There is so much of a natural variability in weather it makes it difficult to come to a scientifically valid conclusion that global warming is man made.”
43. Dr Gerd-Rainer Weber: “Most of the extremist views about climate change have little or no scientific basis.”
44. Dr David Wojick: “The public is not well served by this constant drumbeat of alarms fed by computer models manipulated by advocates.”
45. Dr Miklos Zagoni: “I am positively convinced that the anthropogenic global warming theory is wrong.”
46. Dr Eduardo Zorita: “Editors, reviewers and authors of alternative studies, analysis, interpretations, even based on the same data we have at our disposal, have been bullied and subtly blackmailed.”
Rolla University site, Missouri. Fence sitters does this site look like its set up without bias?
No urban heat island effect going on here is there.
Fence sitters I find it very interesting how the true believers continue to try to explain no warming for 17 years. Here's the latest example.
http://australianclimatemadness.com/201 ... the-pause/
Note how the day of reckoning, when warming is set to resume, has been pushed out to some unspecified point in the future. Personally, I think it’s the Flying Spaghetti Monster that’s tinkering with the climate, reaching out with his noodly appendage to fool the warmists… no more ridiculous than the above, I would say
Grasping at straws are you? None have ever claimed there would be a constant and continual warming. There is always a flucuation up and down because there are a lot of factors, such as the lowering solar output that will have some effect.
Take note fence sitters.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamestaylor ... -alarmism/
In addition to finding that far less heat is being trapped than alarmist computer models have predicted, the NASA satellite data show the atmosphere begins shedding heat into space long before United Nations computer models predicted.
The new findings are extremely important and should dramatically alter the global warming debate.
Scientists on all sides of the global warming debate are in general agreement about how much heat is being directly trapped by human emissions of carbon dioxide (the answer is “not much”). However, the single most important issue in the global warming debate is whether carbon dioxide emissions will indirectly trap far more heat by causing large increases in atmospheric humidity and cirrus clouds. Alarmist computer models assume human carbon dioxide emissions indirectly cause substantial increases in atmospheric humidity and cirrus clouds (each of which are very effective at trapping heat), but real-world data have long shown that carbon dioxide emissions are not causing as much atmospheric humidity and cirrus clouds as the alarmist computer models have predicted.
Once again GIGO.
Once again the true believers have to cook the books and cheat.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamestaylor ... us-claims/
Global warming alarmists and their allies in the liberal media have been caught doctoring the results of a widely cited paper asserting there is a 97-percent scientific consensus regarding human-caused global warming. After taking a closer look at the paper, investigative journalists report the authors’ claims of a 97-pecent consensus relied on the authors misclassifying the papers of some of the world’s most prominent global warming skeptics. At the same time, the authors deliberately presented a meaningless survey question so they could twist the responses to fit their own preconceived global warming alarmism.
Yep and the garbage is from the business mag opinion blog ...... yet you keep shoveling it out to us.
Or the opinion blog version is just the same old garbage .....
Again fence sitters another overhead photo of another USHCN site that is placed right next to a hot parking lot in Montrose, Colorado.
Positioned way to close to a building. Literally three feet away from hot cars and pavement. No bias there at all.
I forgot to mention over 8,000 hits. Keep reading and I'll keep posting. Great job fence sitters.
You see fence sitters this is what happens when you lie and cheat to stay on the high dollar government gravy train known as climate research.
http://www.principia-scientific.org/mic ... lapse.html
Massive counterclaims, in excess of $10 million, have just been filed against climate scientist Michael Mann after lawyers affirmed that the former golden boy of global warming alarmism had sensationally failed in his exasperating three-year bid to sue skeptic Canadian climatologist, Tim Ball. Door now wide open for criminal investigation into Climategate conspiracy.
Buoyed by Dr Ball's successes, journalist and free-speech defender, Mark Steyn has promptly decided to likewise countersue Michael Mann for $10 million in response to a similar SLAPP suit filed by the litigious professor from Penn. State University against not just Steyn, but also the National Review, the Competitive Enterprise Institute and Rand Simberg. Ball's countersuit against Mann seeks "exemplary and punitive damages. "
“Plaintiff continues to evade the one action that might definitively establish its [his science’s] respectability - by objecting, in the courts of Virginia, British Columbia and elsewhere, to the release of his research in this field. See Cuccinelli vs Rectors and Visitors of the University of Virginia...”
You see fence sitters the holy grail of the true believers religion to this day won't release his research so others can see how he arrived at his hockey stick. This is not science fence sitters this is pal review poppy cock of the first order. Mann lost in court and is about to have his pants sued off. Guess he won't get to hang on to the millions of dollars shoveled his way by the federal government.
Last edited by Milton Banana on Sat Feb 22, 2014 10:27 am, edited 1 time in total.
Massive counterclaims, in excess of $10 million, have just been filed against climate scientist Michael Mann after lawyers affirmed that the former golden boy of global warming alarmism had sensationally failed in his exasperating three-year bid to sue skeptic Canadian climatologist, Tim Ball. Door now wide open for criminal investigation into Climategate conspiracy.Mann arrest photo
Buoyed by Dr Ball's successes, journalist and free-speech defender, Mark Steyn has promptly decided to likewise countersue Michael Mann for $10 million in response to a similar SLAPP suit filed by the litigious professor from Penn. State University against not just Steyn, but also the National Review, the Competitive Enterprise Institute and Rand Simberg. Ball's countersuit against Mann seeks "exemplary and punitive damages. " Bishop Hill blog is running extracts of Steyn's counterclaim, plus link.
Maybe you can quote the Onion next? A real news source would actually be credible if you were trying for credibility.
Fence sitters this is a true crime against humanity. We've gone over this once before. Leftists policies and how they hurt ordinary people. Problem is most people just don't understand that they have to see outside the box and start voting for other people.
http://notrickszone.com/2014/02/24/17-o ... explosion/
Rising energy costs are becoming a problem for more and more citizens in Germany. Just from 2008 to 20111 the share of energy-poor households in the Federal Republic jumped from 13.8 to 17 percent.” -
Much of the rapid increase in energy prices is owing to Germany’s growth in expensive wind and solar energy. Ironically, despite more than 20% of Germany’s energy now being supplied by renewables, CO2 emissions have been rising just the same.
Spiegel calls the energy poverty rate “alarming”. However, when it comes to finding the cause for the runaway increase, the German Greens are blaming all the misery on the rising costs of oil and gas, and even hint that just more expensive, unreliable green energy is all that’s needed to get the costs back in line.
Natural gas in Germany costs three times more than it does in USA. The Greens are also demanding that the government pass legislation that would lead to residential units being renovated and better insulated. But critics say such a measure likely would make the situation even worse because landlords would benefit from the subsidies and pass the renovation costs to low income tenants.
The more the greens try to fix the mess, the more they screw it up.
Stay tuned fence sitters. This is getting really good.
http://www.principia-scientific.org/cli ... t-air.html
Mann, has already had to retract his own phony claims to be a Nobel Laureate further degrading his already tattered reputation. Laughably Mann still persists with the threadbare assertion that his hidden hockey stick numbers have some monetary value worth protecting. You do jest sir! In his papers (filed on September 2, 2011) Mann claims his still hidden numbers are ‘proprietary materials’ and refuses to disclose them. Are these undisclosed ‘materials’ really worth more than $10 million? $20 million? That's a low ball number of what Mann (or his backers ) are going to have to pay out in legal fees and compensation for their SLAPP suit failures.
So, the 'proprietary materials' sham simply isn’t going to wash in the BC court. It is already a matter of public record that Mann’s hockey stick reconstruction method was made by lining up his proxy tree ring data with measured temperatures in the 20th century to calibrate the scale. In the process he used a statistic called the r-squared correlation coefficient. We also know, from evidence in the public domain, that Mann found that over most of the reconstruction there was essentially no match (ie the r2 data was telling Mann his graph was junk).
We know Mann did, indeed, perform this important due diligence test because he let on that he got r-squared results for the one part of the data where there was a weak match. We also see it in the code he eventually was forced to publish.
Mann thereafter lied when he proudly boasted to mainstream journalists that his graph had passed the tests. He got away with that hubris for a while because he very carefully didn’t publish most of the r-squared numbers themselves. These unpublished r2 numbers are what Tim Ball (and I) want to see examined in open court. The case boils down to a personal interest versus public interest question: are taxpaying voters entitled to see all the scientific evidence they helped fund so that they may knowledgably apply their free speech in the debate over so-called man-made climate change?
We say we can prove Mann’s method created scaremongering hockey stick graphs whatever numbers were fed in, and he (and his slick lawyer) knows it.
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Brazil Home
Neymar eyeing Copa, Olympics in same summer
Brazil 5 days ago Jonathan Johnson
Neymar: Real need Rodrygo, Vinicius patience
Real Madrid Jan 7, 2020 Jonathan Johnson
Chapecoense plane crash survivor Neto retires
Chapecoense Dec 13, 2019 Associated Press
Socceroos to take on Messi at Copa America
Copa America Dec 3, 2019 AAP
Ex-Brazil FA chief Teixeira gets lifetime FIFA ban
FIFA World Cup Nov 29, 2019 Associated Press
Alisson and Ederson: How Brazil became a goalkeeper factory
English Premier League Nov 29, 2019 Tim Vickery
Brazil boss on Messi spat: He told me to shut up
Argentina Nov 15, 2019 Reuters
Messi's set-piece numbers intensifying GOAT debate
ESPN FC TV Nov 11, 2019
Alves: PSG's Neymar has sensibility of a child
French Ligue 1 Oct 29, 2019 Adriana Garcia
Neymar missed half of PSG games since move
UEFA Champions League Oct 22, 2019 Jonathan Johnson
Neymar Ballon d'Or snub defended by organiser
Paris Saint-Germain Oct 22, 2019 Jonathan Johnson
Sources: Neymar, Barca at impasse in €43m case
Spanish Primera División Oct 21, 2019 Sam Marsden and Moises Llorens
Maracana to host 2020 Copa Libertadores final
CONMEBOL Copa Libertadores Oct 17, 2019 Associated Press
Toe Poke Daily: Bust of PSG star Neymar goes on display on streets of Paris
Toe Poke Daily Oct 16, 2019 Chris Wright
Why Neymar's injury isn't a major setback for PSG
ESPN FC TV Oct 14, 2019
Real Madrid's Vinicius earns first Brazil call up, Marcelo left out
Real Madrid forward Vinicius Junior received his first international call up after Tite included him in the Brazil squad for friendlies against Panama and Czech Republic on March 23 and 26.
Vinicius, 18, has become a fixture in Santiago Solari's Madrid side this season, contributing four goals in 26 appearances since joining from Flamengo in the summer for €45 million.
"He's at a very demanding club," Tite told reporters. "I want to give him that growth, affirmation and evolution.
"Him participating, being in the dressing-room, feeling the weight of the yellow jersey, is important."
Vinicius added on Twitter: "It's a day to remember forever. Almost two years as a professional and I've played 100 games at only 18! I've been called up to the Brazil national team to represent my country for the first time.
"I admit I'm happy but surprised ... the speed at which everything is happening in my life and I thank everyone who in some way helped me to arrive here."
The absence of Neymar due to a foot injury has presented Vinicius with an opportunity to make a claim for a place in the Copa America squad, with this summer's tournament taking place in Brazil.
Meanwhile, Paris Saint-Germain's Dani Alves, who missed the World Cup through injury, is back in Tite's squad.
Alves, who has played 108 games for Brazil in 12 years with the national team, last played for Brazil in March 2018.
He wrote on Instagram: "Thank you for my dedication, thank you for my commitment to my profession, thank you for the hours dedicated to my work, thank you for not giving up on myself and my goals, thank you for my "RESILIENCE" and thank you to me for always believing in me !!! happy to continue to represent Brazil!"
However, Real Madrid's Marcelo, who has come in for criticism in Spain this season, was one of the big-name omissions and Brazil assistant coach Sylvinho said a lack of playing time was behind his absence.
"We are not worried about his form," he said. "He has an impressive history. He is a player of an impressive technical level besides his experience ... The more he plays for Madrid or another team, the better it will be for us."
The five-times world champions have won all six of their games since being knocked out the World Cup at the quarter-final stage in Russia last July.
Their next competitive matches will come in the Copa America, which kicks off in Sao Paulo in June.
Full Brazil squad
Goalkeepers: Alisson (Liverpool), Ederson (Manchester City), Weverton (Palmeiras).
Defenders: Alex Sandro (Juventus), Dani Alves (PSG), Danilo (Manchester City), Eder Militao (Porto), Filipe Luis (Atletico Madrid), Marquinhos (PSG), Miranda (Inter Milan), Thiago Silva (PSG).
Midfielders: Allan (Napoli), Arthur (Barcelona), Casemiro (Real Madrid), Fabinho (Liverpool), Felipe Anderson (West Ham), Lucas Paqueta (AC Milan), Philippe Coutinho (Barcelona).
Forwards: Everton (Gremio), Roberto Firmino (Liverpool), Gabriel Jesus (Manchester City), Richarlison (Everton), Vinicius Jnr. (Real Madrid).
Information from Reuters and ESPN FC's Adriana Garcia was used in this report.
Vinícius Júnior
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York County high school musicals: See the list
York County high schools will take theater fans under the sea, back to the Roaring Twenties and on a trip to fly a kite in this year's collection of winter/spring musicals.
York County high school musicals: See the list York County high schools will take theater fans under the sea, back to the Roaring Twenties and on a trip to fly a kite in this year's collection of winter/spring musicals. Check out this story on flipsidepa.com: https://fside.co/1XI1Baf
Taylor Garif, For FlipSidePA Published 9:13 a.m. ET Feb. 22, 2016 | Updated 11:19 a.m. ET Feb. 26, 2016
Photos: Mary Poppins
Chimney sweeps dance during the song "Step in Time" during rehearsal for "Mary Poppins" at Kennard-Dale High School Thursday, February 18, 2016. The show runs February 25-28. Kate Penn, York Daily Record
Chimney sweeps and Mary Poppins, left, played by Cierra Wecker, dance during the song "Step in Time" during rehearsal for "Mary Poppins" at Kennard-Dale High School Thursday, February 18, 2016. The show runs February 25-28. Kate Penn, York Daily Record
Noah Tart, right, plays Bert and Cierra Wecker plays Mary Poppins during rehearsal for "Mary Poppins" at Kennard-Dale High School Thursday, February 18, 2016. The show runs February 25-28. Kate Penn, York Daily Record
Noah Tart flies through the air during rehearsal for "Mary Poppins" at Kennard-Dale High School Thursday, February 18, 2016. The show runs February 25-28. Kate Penn, York Daily Record
Cast members rehearse for "Mary Poppins" at Kennard-Dale High School Thursday, February 18, 2016. The show runs February 25-28. Kate Penn, York Daily Record
Emma Cummings, 9, is fitted for her costume by volunteers Rebecca Cromwell, rear, and Rebecca Dorsey, right, before rehearsal for "Mary Poppins" at Kennard-Dale High School Thursday, February 18, 2016. The show runs February 25-28. Kate Penn, York Daily Record
Cierra Wecker plays the part of Mary Poppins during rehearsal for "Mary Poppins" at Kennard-Dale High School Thursday, February 18, 2016. The show runs February 25-28. Kate Penn, York Daily Record
Chimney sweeps and Mary Poppins, center left, played by Cierra Wecker, and Bert, center right, played by Noah Tart, dance during the song "Step in Time" during rehearsal for "Mary Poppins" at Kennard-Dale High School Thursday, February 18, 2016. The show runs February 25-28. Kate Penn, York Daily Record
Noah Tart, right, plays Bert and Cierra Wecker plays Mary Poppins during rehearsal for "Mary Poppins" at Kennard-Dale High School Thursday, February 18, 2016. The show runs February 25-28.(Photo: Kate Penn, York Daily Record)Buy Photo
The season kicks off Feb. 26 — opening night for the shows at Central York, Kennard-Dale and Northeastern high schools — and runs through April 10.
Mark your calendars now so you don't miss a single production.
Cedar Cliff High School
Production: "Thoroughly Modern Millie"
Synopsis: Travel back to the height of the Jazz Age in New York City as Millie joins the workforce and experiences new love in this 1920s comedy.
Director: Matt Topping
Lead actors: Alyssa Rhodes and Alexander Lantz
Cast and crew: 76
Performances: March 10-12 at 7 p.m.
Tickets: $12 for adults, $6 for students
Encore to celebrate York high school musicals
Central York High School
Production: "The Little Mermaid"
Synopsis: When King Triton’s youngest mermaid daughter Ariel falls in love with a human prince, trouble stirs under the sea.
Director: Mark Zortman
Lead actors: Anneliese Reichart, Kellen Beck, Katie Giambalvo, Trevor Blood, Dylan Warner, Koby Fink, Carter Bowman, Alexandria Barnett, Alex Stausbaugh, Kirsten Smith, Jennifer Elder, Kayla Kroh, Katie Fonda, Lydia Stone, Lance Mitchell and Allison Rambler
Cast and crew: 110
Performances: Feb. 26-27 at 7:30 p.m., Feb. 27-28 at 2:30 p.m.
Notes: The 2:30 p.m. performance on Feb. 27 will be signed for the deaf; must purchase directly through school box office.
Tickets: $12 for center orchestra and center mezzanine, $10 for side orchestra, $8 for side mezzanine
Dallastown Area High School
Production: "Mary Poppins"
Synopsis: When the children of a wealthy family are introduced to their new nanny Mary Poppins, they begin their magical adventures.
Director: Amy Anderson
Lead actors: Lily Gorski, Lucas Staub, Carter Anstine, Rosie Arbittier, Caitlyn Parker, Ava Markel, Aleesia Smith, Jonathan Arbittier, Evan Mitchell and Maddie Conaway
Performances: April 7-9 at 7 p.m., April 9-10 at 2 p.m.
Tickets: $12, can be purchased in advanced at www.Dallastown.net
Dover teen selected to perform at Carnegie Hall
Director: Jacklyn Keagy
Lead actors: Bella Portelles, Brady Bennett, Tyler Carpenter, Alexandra DiGiovanni, Denver Heim, Cassidy Copenheaver, Briana Crudup and Crimson Hogue
Performances: March 4-5 at 7 p.m., March 5-6 at 2 p.m.
Tickets: $9 for adults, $7 for student/seniors. All seats reserved. Tickets can be purchased by emailing Emaildovertickets@comcast.net or at the door.
Production: "Fiddler on the Roof"
Synopsis: When three Jewish girls don’t want to marry the men their parents have chosen for them, their father must decide to honor his heritage or accept social and political changes as the Russian Revolution begins to brew.
Director: Derek Martin
Lead actors: Jared Korb, Shannon Pizzirusso, Sarah Vega, Joshua Rosenau, Melanie Schaefer, Jonathan Fenwick, Morgan Buckwalter, Joseph Good and Robert LeCates
Performances: April 8-9 at 7 p.m. and April 10 at 2 p.m.
Tickets: $8 for general admission, $5 for students/seniors
Hanover Senior High School
Production: "Jekyll & Hyde"
Synopsis: A man experiments with a drug in desperation to find a cure for his father’s mental illness, but instead ends up developing an evil second personality.
Director: Rene Staub
Lead actors: Isaac Silver, Madison Maloney, Genevieve Moorhead, Bailey Kenworthy, Colten Ehrhart, Alex Rapp, Michael Peterson Jr., Finn Johnson, Khalique Bohde, Jarrett Klunk, Brent Hill and Lauren Werner
Tickets: $10 for adults, $9 for students. Save $2 by purchasing before April 8. Tickets can be purchased at high school or at the door.
Lancaster's marionette theater isn't a hole in the wall anymore
Kennard-Dale High School
Director: James R. Craley
Lead actors: Caitlin Salomon, Cierra Wecker, Noah Tart, Ian Ross, Eleanor Cromwell, Grace Anne Shaw and Samuel Greaves
Performances: Feb. 25-27 at 7 p.m., Feb. 27 at 1 p.m. and Feb. 28 at 3 p.m.
Tickets: $12 for advanced adult, $10 for student/seniors, $15 at the door
Director: John Marrs
Lead actors: Lauren Bass, Grace Kominsky, Mason Walheim, Jonah Latshaw and JT Sowers
Performances: Feb. 26-27 at 7 p.m. and Feb. 28 at 2 p.m.
Tickets: $10 for adults, $8 for students/seniors. Reserve tickets by calling 717-266-7394 or online at NHSDramatics.org.
Photos: Encore High School Theater Showcase
Spring Grove's Evan Brooks delivers a menacing performance as Willy Wonka on a candy boat with parents and children on their way through his chocolate factory tour during the Encore high school musical theater showcase at Central York High School on Sunday, April 27, 2014. Jeff Lautenberger, For The Daily Record/Sunday News
York Suburban's Candace Kottmyer, center, hugs Anna Wischol, right, backstage after Kottmyer won the director's Encore award for her performance in Suburban's run of "Kiss Me Kate"during the Encore high school musical showcase at Central York High School on Sunday, April 27, 2014. Jeff Lautenberger, For The Daily Record/Sunday News
Northeastern's Emily Gibbs, as Maria in "The Sound of Music," sings to the von Trapp children on stage during the Encore high school musical showcase at Central York High School on Sunday, April 27, 2014. Jeff Lautenberger, For The Daily Record/Sunday News
Encore awards sit on a backstage table during York county's high school musical showcase at Central York High School on Sunday, April 27, 2014. Jeff Lautenberger, For The Daily Record/Sunday News
Dancing utensils shoot a stream of confetti during the song "Be Our Guest" from Kennard-Dale's performance of "Beauty and the Beast" during the Encore high school musical showcase at Central York High School on Sunday, April 27, 2014. Jeff Lautenberger, For The Daily Record/Sunday News
Emcee Matt Belanger dons a pair of shades while introducing West York's production of "Footloose" during the Encore high school musical showcase at Central York High School on Sunday, April 27, 2014. Belanger is a Central York graduate currently working as an anchor for the ABC affiliate station in Pittsburgh. Jeff Lautenberger, For The Daily Record/Sunday News
Jordann Kingston and Tom Gunning embrace during West York's production of "Footloose" during the Encore high school musical showcase at Central York High School on Sunday, April 27, 2014. Jeff Lautenberger, For The Daily Record/Sunday News
Cast members in Susquehannock's production of "Bye Bye Birdie" wait backstage during the Encore high school musical showcase at Central York High School on Sunday, April 27, 2014. Jeff Lautenberger, For The Daily Record/Sunday News
Cast members from Central York's production of "Spamalot" tune into a live broadcast of the Encore high school musical showcase backstage after their performance at Central York High School on Sunday, April 27, 2014. Jeff Lautenberger, For The Daily Record/Sunday News
Cast members from Central York perform a selection from "Spamalot" during the Encore high school musical showcase backstage after their performance at Central York High School on Sunday, April 27, 2014. Jeff Lautenberger, For The Daily Record/Sunday News
York Catholic's Chris Taylor, as Lumiere from "Beauty and the Beast," gets a microphone attached backstage during the Encore high school musical showcase at Central York High School on Sunday, April 27, 2014. Jeff Lautenberger, For The Daily Record/Sunday News
York Suburban cast members perform "Too Darn Hot" from "Kiss Me Kate" during the Encore high school musical showcase at Central York High School on Sunday, April 27, 2014. Jeff Lautenberger, For The Daily Record/Sunday News
Eastern York's Dani Ciscell, center, does a little dance in a hallway as Nichole Fuscoletti, center right, looks on before Eastern's production of "Titanic" at the Encore high school musical showcase at Central York High School on Sunday, April 27, 2014. Jeff Lautenberger, For The Daily Record/Sunday News
A small cast from South Western High School performs a scene from "A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum" during the Encore high school musical showcase at Central York High School on Sunday, April 27, 2014. Jeff Lautenberger, For The Daily Record/Sunday News
Dallastown students in costume for their performance of "Into the Woods" sit in the audience during the Encore high school musical showcase at Central York High School on Sunday, April 27, 2014. Jeff Lautenberger, For The Daily Record/Sunday News
Dover cast members bow after performing a selection from "Shrek" during the Encore high school musical showcase at Central York High School on Sunday, April 27, 2014. Jeff Lautenberger, For The Daily Record/Sunday News
Production: "Footloose"
Synopsis: Ren is new in a town that has a ban on dancing and is up against an entire town that believes the worst of him.
Director: Laura Bissel
Lead actors: Adam Bissell, Liam Foster, Grace Davis, Lydia Saurman, Kendra Hebenstreit, Lauren Lindoerfer, Nicole Jaquette and Calvin DiMaggio
Performances: March 4-5 at 7 p.m. and March 6 at 3 p.m.
Tickets: $10 for reserved and general admission. Purchase tickets at showtix4U.com.
Red Land High School
Director: Caitlin Shepski
Lead actors: Jacob Puliti, Emma Habermehl, Grant Moore and Hailey Graham
Performances: March 3-5 at 7 p.m.
Tickets: $12 for adult and at the door, $6 for students
Red Lion Area Senior High School
Production: "Beauty and the Beast"
Synopsis: The Beast, who holds a woman from the town captive, is a young prince who must learn to love and be loved in order to break a spell casted over him.
Director: Angela Wise
Lead actors: Madison Smith, Mark Peters, Kevin Scheetz, Jonathan Rowe, Quinn Waldrup, Teague Rudacille, Eli Lanehart, Olivia Tarman, Emma Schaeberle, Alexandra Schafer, Michaela Carey, Erin Orwig, Victoria Smith, Allison Thomas and Dante Zumbo
Performances: March 3-5 at 7 p.m. and March 5-6 at 2 p.m.
Tickets: $10 in advanced, $12 at the door
South Western High School
Production: "Honk!"
Synopsis: An ugly duckling judged by the other animals leaves the farm to do some soul-searching and comes face-to-face with a hungry cat before meeting a group of characters.
Director: Duane Bull
Lead actors: Kyle Peter, Hannah Jemison, Jessica Hunsberger and Hailey Jemison
Cast and crew: 60-75
Tickets: $8 if purchased by March 16, $10 at the door
Spring Grove Area High School
Production: "Seussical, the Musical"
Synopsis: Dr. Seuss’s many characters come together with Horton and tiny Whos on their journey full of friendship, uniqueness and love.
Director: Jessica Staub
Lead actors: Vinnie Beck, Katie Gallagher, Seth Shields, Julia Sowers, Chloe Braden and Christian Sherwood.
Performances: March 4-5 at 7 p.m., Mar. 5-6 at 2 p.m.
Tickets: $7 for students and children in advance; $9 for adults in advance, $9 for students and children at the door; $11 for adults at the door. Preferred seating is $2 more. Purchase tickets at high school in advance or one hour before show at the door.
Susquehannock High School
Production: "Pippin"
Synopsis: A young prince searches to find meaning in his life, but he is faced with struggles of monarchy, love and war.
Director: Will Jenkins
Lead actors: Julien Sherman, Kurt Eckenrode, Brooke Weber, Addie Achterberg, Sam Noel, Ryan Addotta, Ryan Denis and Julia Twaddle
Performances: April 1-2 at 7 p.m. and April 3 at 2 p.m.
Tickets: $10 for adults, $8 for students/seniors, $6 for children 10 and under. Add $1 for tickets sold at the door.
DreamWrights to perform Broadway benefit cabaret
West York Area High School
Production: "Shrek"
Synopsis: An ogre makes a deal to save a princess, who was cursed as a child, in hopes of saving his home, but the princess was expecting her true love to come to her rescue instead.
Director: Debra Fauth
Lead actors: Logan Berger-Kertzel, Rebecca Smith-Kingston, Noah Schmitt, Darren Deaver and Andrea Montano
Performances: March 18-19 at 7 p.m. and March 19 at 2 p.m.
Tickets: $10 for adult reserved; $8 for students, senior and military reserved; $8 for adults; $6 for students, seniors and military general admission at the door.
William Penn Senior High School
Production: "In the Heights"
Synopsis: The vibrant residents of Washington Heights are faced with economic struggles, racism and romance as they chase their dreams and celebrate their community.
Director: Cassie Rush
Lead actors: Augustine Mariche, Chelsea Roberts, Yomira Pena and Zach Claghorn
Cast: 27
Performances: April 8-9 at 6:30 p.m. at the Strand-Capitol in downtown York.
Tickets: $5 for adults, $3 for students
York Catholic High School
Production: "Bye Bye Birdie"
Synopsis: A rock and roll singer is about to be drafted into the army but does a final nationwide event before leaving.
Director: Carlo Stebbings
Lead actors: Brian Hand, Katie Gordon, Alejandro Pina, Miles Iati, Lindsey China and Lauren Hand
Cast and crew: +90
Tickets: $10 for adults, $8 for students/seniors. Family of four and all-show passes are $30.
York Suburban High School
Director: Myrna Schaszberger
Lead actors: Waverly Speranza, Jacob Isiminger, Anna Wirchal, Brandon Flemmnens and Mitch Frantz
Performances: March 4-5 at 7:30 p.m. and March 5 at 2:30
Tickets: $10 for adults, $7 for students. Free for those with a Golden Pass.
Read or Share this story: https://fside.co/1XI1Baf
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▸ History ▸ Officials’ cold weather uniforms beat garbage bags of yesteryear
Officials’ cold weather uniforms beat garbage bags of yesteryear
by Mark Schultz - December 14, 2012 December 14, 2012 0
We’ve all seen those late season brutally cold games. The coaches are wearing layers. The players sit on heated benches and warm their hands in front of red-hot blowers. The players enjoy those luxuries when they are on the bench, but for the official, he never comes out of the game. He must stay on the field. He cannot “take five” to go to the sideline or locker room to thaw out. Officials have to tough it out no matter what. How do they do it? The technology for keeping officials warm has come a long way in 50 years.
Referee Norm Schachter tries to stay warm during the 1967 NFL Championship Game. Known as the “Ice Bowl,” the game in Green Bay is still the coldest NFL game ever at −15 °F. Schachter would be jealous of today’s cold weather official’s uniform.
During the 1960s and ’70s the officials were issued socks, shoes, knickers, and a double knit-polyester short and long sleeve shirt. When the weather got cold the officials had to improvise. The officials would wear head bands to protect their ears and gloves to protect their hands. That’s all well and good, but the officials needed a little more to protect the rest of their body. Over time, the officials back then came up with some pretty ingenious methods. In addition to thermal long johns, the officials would cut holes in either a large garbage bag or a dry cleaning bag and slip that on underneath the knickers and shirt. That would keep the wind and rain out. Finally, to protect their feet, the officials would take plastic bread bags, put those bags on their feet and then put the socks shoes on. Former NFL referee John McDonough said that the socks and shoes would be freezing cold while his feet would be sweating inside the bread bags. Officials would rub cocoa butter on their faces; not only did it taste good, but it prevented frostbite.
Over the years, the NFL worked with the officials to help them come up with better cold fighting techniques. The NFL issued their officials the latest in cold weather undergarments, a foul weather hood (like a ski mask), and a waist pouch to help keep their hands warm. But, perhaps the biggest innovation in weather fighting gear was introducing black pants in 2006. The knickers were designed to be tight-fitting and there was only so much an official could layer underneath. The introduction of the black pants allowed the officials to put on multiple layers of weather fighting gear. The long-sleeve cold weather jersey is specially modified to be larger to allow for multiple layers.
The officials of the famed Ice Bowl would be jealous of today’s cold weather technology offered to the officials!
Tags cold weather uniform Ice Bowl John McDonough Norm Schachter officials' equipment
Mark Schultz is a high school football official, freelance writer and journalist. He first became interested in officiating when he was six years old, was watching a NFL game with his father and asked the fateful question, "Dad, what are those guys in the striped shirts doing?"
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February 7, 2016 November 12, 2016 5
4 historic facts related to this year’s Super Bowl crew
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Ask Mi anything
Xiaomi is stretching the Mi brand to sell everything from luggage to smart TVs
By Brian Carvalho, Editor, Forbes India
Published: Sep 26, 2019 08:53:46 AM IST
Updated: Sep 26, 2019 12:19:46 PM IST
When growth is the antidote
Happy new future
What the Celebrity 100 list says about pay parity, fame
Brands and buy-ology
The winning attitude
2017 Forbes India Celebrity 100: Shooting for the Stars
Podcast: Leader's banquet
In good company: Companies create social impact while earning profits
The life in tech
Gree Electric Appliances is a Zhuhai-headquartered air-conditioning corporation that also makes water heaters, smartphones, home appliances and refrigerators, among other household appliances. Global Times, a tabloid that looks at global issues from the Chinese government’s perspective, recently in a feature on Gree CEO Dong Mingzhu, referred to a bet she had with Xiaomi founder Lei Jun back in 2013.
Dong, whose company swears by the slogan ‘Made in China, Loved by the World’, wagered that she would pay Lei 1 billion yuan ($14 million) if Xiaomi’s annual revenues surpassed Gree’s in five years. Dong won: In latest annual reports, Gree had revenues of a little over 198 billion yuan, and Xiaomi of 174.9 billion yuan (roughly $25.5 billion).
However, in August, Dong reportedly said she wouldn’t take the money from Lei, and that the bet was an argument between two different business ideas. Gree took shape in the early ’90s, when the internet hadn’t yet sunk into consumer consciousness. Lei founded Xiaomi in the post-iPhone age, in 2010, and soon earned the moniker of China’s Steve Jobs.
Till a year ago, ahead of Xiaomi’s much-touted IPO, analysts indeed talked about the Chinese smartphone maker in the same breath as Apple. But the public issue was a much toned-down affair—Xiaomi raised some $4.7 billion at a valuation of $54 billion, a far cry from Apple’s current $1 trillion market cap.
What augurs well for Xiaomi’s future earnings, though, is that it’s No 1 in the world’s two biggest mobile phone markets, China and India. In India, it has been on a tear, selling over 100 million smartphones in the past five years. This compares well with Apple selling 146 million iPhones worldwide between 2007 and 2011.
The next leg of the journey, as Rajiv Singh captures in this fortnight’s cover story, is an evolution into a full-fledged internet company with smart hardware connected by an Internet of Things platform. Singh spoke to India head Manu Jain as well as founder Lei, who said Xiaomi has invested in over 200 startups and “could be the largest hardware incubator in the world”.
In 2018, Xiaomi’s international revenue stood at almost $10 billion, or 40 percent of the total. India contributed a third of that, at $3.24 billion, a mind-boggling growth of 175 percent over a year ago. And, now, with Xiaomi stretching the Mi brand to sell everything from luggage and audio products to smart TVs and air-purifiers, new growth avenues have opened up. The mainstay, though, will remain smartphones, where Jain is conscious that yesterday’s disruptor can easily face the same fate in a hyper-competitive market. In many ways, Xiaomi is taking a path similar to Gree’s, which has air-conditioning as its core, around which it has built related categories.
Smartphones isn’t the only sector with cut-throat competition in India. This fortnight we shine a light on two other tech-enabled businesses witnessing such rivalry. Sayan Chakraborty delves into the B2B grocery startup space where a handful of well-funded ventures are slugging it out to supply to neighbourhood stores, which dominate India’s retail landscape.
And Kunal Talgeri lays out the plans of some of India’s seasoned entrepreneurs to build viable internet business models in the white-hot area of reskilling. In today’s fast-changing environment, adding value to what you know and have learnt—or creating a business around it—isn’t a bad idea at all.
Brian Carvalho
Editor, Forbes India
Email:Brian.Carvalho@nw18.com
Twitter id:@Brianc_Ed
Gree Electric Appliances
Dong Mingzhu
Mi brand
Manu Jain
Smartphone maker
B2B grocery startup space
VW Executives and Ex-CEO charged with market manipulation
Podcast: How Xiaomi is taking 'smart' beyond the smartphone
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August 2007 Archives
Get over here, Chinaski.
By Emily on August 29, 2007 8:40 AM | <« | »>
Alright already! Enough of these pastoral images. We're now back in the city (for another few days, anyway) and what better way to celebrate our urban lifestyle, than to memorize some Charles Bukowski?
Brawley was a good sort
normal as a heating pad
then he
got a few miles on him
started worrying about
popped vitamin pills like
when I visited him
his place was filled with
he pumped and pumped iron
with each successive visit
I noticed him
more bulky and
a metallic
withdrew
into his
his smile
like a
he greased his
and stood in front
I no longer knew
who he
he just
pumped and
mirrored and
he told me,
"you ought to
go for it, I've
re-born."
"see you later,"
I told
now when people
ask me, "you seen
lately?"
"not really," I
tell them
and we move on
to more
interesting subjects
Like nuclear winter! Blammo! I tell you, the man knew how to end a poem. He's like a fatalistic mule pushing steadily and unassumingly toward a land mine. He thinks nuclear winter is a better topic of conversation than his old acquaintance. What a devastating thing to say about somebody! Hoowee. This was going to be my August memorization poem (yes, I am aware that August is almost over, but better late than never), and I do love its evocation of that particular stage in dealing with an addictive personality, when you realize that you're just weary of the whole shebang, and "no longer know who he is," and by comparison to saying another thing about this person's obsessive and unchanging behavior, talking about impending nuclear winter seems like a companionable and productive way to spend an afternoon.
But then I considered whether I wanted a "telling-off"/"putting-down" poem to enter into my personal repertoire. I already have so many memorized songs to suit that purpose, after all: "Like a Rolling Stone," "It's Alright, Ma," "I Don't Believe You," and even some that are not by Bob Dylan. I thought it might be an overly negative thing to ingest in the way that memorization entails. Then, on balance, I decided that negativity is a part of life and that beautiful expressions of it should be carried around with us along with beautiful expressions of positivity. And just so that I wouldn't forget that again, I decided to memorize the poem that reminded me of it, too:
William Saroyan said, "I ruined my
life by marrying the same woman
twice."
there will always be something
to ruin our lives,
it all depends upon
what or which
finds us
we are always
ripe and ready
taken.
ruined lives are
both for the wise
it is only when
that life
becomes ours
we realize
that the suicides, the
drunkards, the mad, the
jailed, the dopers
and etc. etc.
are just as common
a part of existence
as the gladiola, the
and nothing
on the kitchen
shelf.
What a gorgeous poem. I love the cadence of it; despite the prosaic word choice and the conversational tone, I would never mistake this for anything but verse. It strikes a beautiful balance between absolute ease of expression ("there will always be something / to ruin our lives, / William") and chiseled, taut language. I love its progression from the theoretical ("ruined my life") down through the spectrum of experience (gladiolas vs. dopers), and lovingly separates away each layer of experience until it is left with the most concrete, basic fact of our shared humanity: being hungry. We can all come up against "nothing / left / on the the kitchen / shelf," and when we do, we will all be in the same boat. Have compassion for yourself and others, gruff Chinaski seems to say, because you and they are just poor human animals wrapped up in beauty and ugliness, needing to eat and excrete.
In other news, our neighbor spends a lot of energy hating the homeless folks that camp next door. I feel like taping this poem to his expensive sports car, but that would be annoyingly self-righteous. Also, he would totally know who did it. He has seen my library.
« May 2007 | Main Index | Archives | November 2007 »
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Get Silent in March for A Quiet Place Part II (Trailer)
With their home no longer safe, the Abbott family has to head out into the larger, alien infested, world to try and survive in March’s A Quiet Place Part II.
Zach on January 1, 2020
Jack Ryan Returns in November on Amazon Prime (Trailer)
John Krasinski is back as Tom Clancy’s most famous creation for Season 2 of Amazon’s Jack Ryan series as Jack heads to Venezuela and beyond to try and stop a new threat to the US.
Zach on September 5, 2019
News Shotgun 4/14
A bunch of TV renewals, casting for IT Chapter 2 and Mulan and the new Terminator, Rick & Morty are entering the world of D&D, the Statham/Rock Fast & Furious movie officially has a director and more in this week’s News Shotgun.
Zach on April 14, 2018
Battle at the Box Office 4/9
A Quiet Place had one of the best horror openings of the last few years, topping all the Conjuring films, the Insidious films, Split and more while Black Panther became the third highest grossing film domestically of all time.
Zach on April 9, 2018
Admit One 4/6
April kicks off with critically acclaimed new entries in the horror and comedy genres and two dramas based on true events.
John Krasinski and Emily Blunt Try to Hide in A Quiet Place (Trailer)
John Krasinski and Emily Blunt are a couple trying to hide their children from a supernatural threat drawn by noise in next spring’s horror movie A Quiet Place.
Jack Ryan Returns on Amazon in 2018 (Trailer)
John Krasinski takes on the role of Tom Clancy’s most famous CIA analyst for a new Amazon series coming sometime next year where Jack Ryan uncovers a growing new terrorist threat that is planning a massive attack against the US.
Zach on October 7, 2017
A trashy Halle Berry action movie, an apparently disastrous adaptation of Stephen King’s epic and a critically acclaimed historical drama are all out this weekend.
Zach on August 4, 2017
Detroit Trailer
Kathryn Bigelow is back for another movie based on true events, this time detailing the five days of chaos that occurred in 1967 in Detroit as riots broke out across the city.
Everything Actioncast Ep 302 “C’mon and Jam”
This week on the podcast, Zach, Chris and Joe talk about the confirmation of a new Space Jam, the insanity of modern day Power Rangers, The Punisher solo series, the Universal Monsters cinematic universe, Puppet Master and much more.
Zach on May 6, 2016
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In the discussions, were Pinnacle Club members part of that, too?
April 26, 2017 club members Pinnacle
ANDY BUSH: As we had our discussions yesterday, we considered the Pinnacle Club members, the volunteers, the players, the caddies and everybody was here and how it was going to affect the sponsors; how it was going to affect each one of those entities as we go forward and all of that was talked about I think in coming up with this decision. Q. Have you made a decision as far as what you’ll do with prize money? DOUG BRECHT: We are going to reward some money to players and that’s all I’m going to say about that. Q. What about sponsors? Will some be returned to them? ANDY BUSH: We’ll make a statement as far as what we’ll do with ticket holders. Sponsors will be addressed individually after the event. I would imagine that some of it is returned based on certain things that they paid for that we were not able to deliver. But our sponsors have been extremely supportive. We talked to a lot of them as we were going through this process, and, you know, the recurring comment was, “do what’s in t
How do Pinnacle Motor Club Elite or PROTECTION EDGE members obtain a member handbook?
What movies are available to Disney Movie Club members?
Who makes Members Mark jeans for Sams Club?
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NESTE » « FORRIGE
Russia Under Putin
Scanpix/AP. Photographer:Dmitry Lovetsky
The Fritt Ord Foundation, The New York Review of Books Foundation and the Russian online journal of politics and culture Colta.ru invite the public to the international conference ‘Russia Under Putin’ on Thursday, 29 November 2018 at Fritt Ord, Uranienborgveien 2, Oslo.
To register your attendance, please e-mail: russiaunderputin@frittord.no
8.45: Welcoming Remarks
Grete Brochmann, Chair of the Board, Fritt Ord
Simon Head, Director of Programs, The New York Review of Books Foundation
Maria Stepanova, Founder and Editor-in-Chief, Colta.ru
9.00: POWER IN THE KREMLIN
Chair: Gro Holm, foreign news reporter at NRK and former correspondent in Moscow and Washington DC
Maxim Trudolyubov, Editor-at-Large of Vedomosti, Senior Fellow at the Kennan Institute, Washington DC, opinion writer for the New York Times, author of The Tragedy of Property: Private Life and Ownership in the Russian State (2018)
William Taubman, Professor of Political Science at Amherst College, Massachusetts, and the author of Khrushchev: The Man and His Era (2003) for which he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, and Gorbachev, His Life and Times (2017)
This panel would look at the structure of the Putin regime, the sources of its power, and how these are maintained. The panel could approach the subject from a number of angles; the formal structure of power with the ‘leading role’ of Putin’s Presidential Administration; the blurring of the distinction between the political and business elites, with Putin distributing wealth within the political elite as a means of assuring loyalty; and the co-opting or neutralizing of potentially rival centers of power and influence – political parties and the Duma, the judiciary, the press, television, business.
10.00: PUTIN GROUND ZERO
Chair: Martin Paulsen, Chairman of the Board at the Rafto Foundation
Elena Milashina, investigate journalist for Novaya Gazeta, who has reported on events in Chechya, the Northern Caucasus and beyond. Recipient of the 2008 Andrei Sakharov Award, the 2014 International Woman of Courage Award and the 2016 Free Media Award.
Irina Prokhorova, Founding Editor of the New Literary Review and co-founder of the Mikhail Prokhorov Foundation. Active in the party Civic Platform, resigned following the annexation of Crimea. Author of 1990: Russians Remember a Turning Point (2013)
Mischa Gabowitsch, Research Fellow at the Einstein Forum in Potsdam, author of Protest in Putin’s Russia (2016)
This panel would hear the testimony of journalists, writers, lawyers or human rights activists who are working, or have worked in Russia and have experienced at first hand the impact of the regime’s policies on human rights, freedom of speech and the rule of law and who in their professional lives may have chronicled, criticized and opposed these practices.
11.15-11.30: Coffee Break
11.30: WHAT IS PUTINISM?
Chair: Helge Blakkisrud, Senior Research Fellow and Head of the Research group on Russia, Asia and International Trade, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs - NUPI
Maria Lipman, Editor-in-Chief of Counterpoint journal, published by the Institute for European, Russian and Eurasian Studies, George Washington University, and a contributor to The New Yorker online
Benjamin Nathans, Associate Professor History at the University of Pennsylvania and the author of Beyond The Pale: The Jewish Encounter with Imperial Russia (2002). He is completing To the Success of Our Hopeless Cause, a history of the Soviet dissident movement
This panel would examine the mix of ambitions, fears and prejudices embedded in the rhetoric of the Putin regime, designed to connect it to its mass popular base. These could include Russian nationalism linked to a restoration of Russian power and influence over the ‘near abroad’ of the former Soviet Union, manifest in the annexation of Crimea and support for pro-Russian separatists movements in the Eastern Ukraine; the resurrection of a post-Soviet version of the ‘capitalist encirclement’, with domestic opponents branded as agents of hostile Western powers; the cult of Putin himself and the rehabilitation of Stalin’s reputation; and the role of more nebulous ideas such as ‘Eurasianism’ as propounded by Lev Gumilev.
12.30-13.45: Lunch
13.45: RUSSIA BEYOND MOSCOW
Chair: Helene Skjeggestad, foreign news journalist for Aftenposten, who will be based in Moscow from 2019
Ekaterina Sokirianskaia, Ekaterina Sokirianskaia, Founder and Director of the Conflict Analysis and Prevention Center. Former Prosject Director at International Crisis Group Russia and researcher for Memorial.
This panel will give a sense of what is going on in the vast areas of Russia beyond Moscow and St Petersburg, and especially east of the Urals. This could include developments in Chechnya and the North Caucasus; but also political and economic life in large Russian provincial towns: Who is in control there, what is the quality of life of Russian citizens; how might local corruption and the management (or mismanagement) of the Russian economy impact upon their lives?
14.45: CULTURAL TRIALS
Chair: Bernhard L. Mohr, Journalist and Editor of Translated Fiction at Cappelen Damm
Katherina Gordeeva, Journalist and Cultural Entrepreneur, who recently finished a documentary on the Kirill Serebrennikov trial
Marina Davydova, Critic and Editor-in-Chief of the journal TEATR, and artistic director of the NET-festival. Curator of the performative installation Eternal Russia as a part of Utopian Realities – 100 Years of Now with Alexandra Kollontai
Maria Stepanova, Poet and Essayist, and the Founder and Editor-in-Chief of the independent online journal Colta.ru. Her latest book is the documentary novel Post-Memory (2017)
From Pussy Riot and Oleg Sentsov to Kirill Serebrennikov, Russian cultural life is punctured with political trials. The accusations may seem absurd, but the prison sentences are more than real – and no one can consider themselves safe enough. Marked as terrorists, treated as criminals, targeted for public shaming – who are the people behind the headlines? And what is the hidden logic that makes the “cultural trials” a part of the bigger picture?
16.00–16.15: Coffee Break
16.15–17.30: RUSSIA AND THE WEST – TOWARDS A NEW COLD WAR?
Chair: Tor Bukkvoll, Senior Research Fellow at the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI)
Alexander Baunov, Senior Fellow at the Carnegie Moscow Center and Editor in Chief of Carnegie.ru. He has been a Senior Editor at the independent news website, Slo.ru
Christian Caryl, Editor at the Opinions section of The Washington Post, and Editor of DemocracyPost, a blog specializing in democracy issues around the world. He is the author of Strange Rebels (2012).
Julie Wilhelmsen, Senior Research Fellow the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs who has published widely on Russian foreign and security politics. She is the author of the book Russia’s Securitization of Chechnya: How War became Acceptable (2017)
Focus on Russian attitudes and policies towards the European Union and NATO as posing an ideological and military threat; Russian engagement with populist movements in Western and Central Europe; and with increasingly authoritarian regimes in Poland, Hungary and Turkey. Russian vulnerability to Western economic sanctions, and European dependence on Russian supplies of oil and gas; the impact of present and future conflict in The Middle East; the ambiguities and complexities of US-Russian relations with the coming of the Trump presidency.
Link to the conference's Facebook event.
OTHER EVENTS RELATED TO THE CONFERENCE:
It’s No Good: Poetry as Resistance? Poetry reading with Kirill Medvedev, Lev Rubinstein and Maria Stepanova. Moderation by Sasha Dugdale.
Thursday 29 November 9 p.m.
Venue: Litteraturhuset, Wergelandsveien 29
Link to the Facebook event
Pop-Up Exhibition: «Other Russias» and Film Screening: «Electing Russia». With graphic artist Victoria Lomasko and film producer Evgeny Gindilis
Friday 30 November 4 p.m. – 7 p.m.
Venue: Røverstaden, Munkedamsveien 15
Link to the Facebook event.
« TILBAKE
Seminar: To år i NJP – åtte prosjekter
Fredag 17. januar 2020 klokken 18.00 møter du de åtte fotografene som fra 2017 til 2019 var med i den fjerde utgaven av Norwegian Journal of Photography (NJP) hos Fritt Ord i Oslo.
I samtale med Susanne Østby Sæther, kurator ved Henie Onstad kunstsenter, og Jonas Ekeberg, påtroppende kunstnerisk leder ved Fotografihuset.
Digitale trusler for journalistikken
OsloMet og Fritt Ord inviterer til debatt om digitaliseringens betydning for journalistikken, onsdag 6. november kl. 18.00–20.00 hos Fritt Ord i Uranienborgveien 2, Oslo.
Velkommen til panelsamtale mellom norske og internasjonale eksperter: Guy Berger, Neena Kapur, Leandro Demori og Osman Kibar.
Krise, ytring og skrivelyst - faglig seminar fredag 1. november
Hva med å tyvstarte på fagfornyelsens tverrfaglige emne «Demokrati og medborgerskap»? Fritt Ord og Landslaget for norskundervisning inviterer til faglig seminar om KRISE, ytring og skrivelyst, fredag 1. november kl. 09.00-15.00, i Fritt Ords lokaler i Oslo.
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Railway Empire – Great Britan & Ireland DLC Gets a December Release Date
Railway Empire expands over to Europe next month with the release of its Great Britain & Ireland DLC. Scheduled to arrive on December 14 on PC, Xbox One and PS4, its main feature is that of adding the two European territories to the game’s Free Play and Sandbox modes. Players looking for a more contained experience can
Rainbow Six Siege Error Code 2-0x0000d00a – What Does it Mean?
Rainbow Six Siege is one of the most popular PvP FPS titles on the market for a reason, but even with all the polish it’s been getting, problems do pop up from time to time. If you’ve been dealing with Rainbow Six Siege matchmaking problems, chances are that you’ve come across Error 2-0x0000d00a. Rainbow Six S
Total War: Three Kingdoms Introduces Coalitions and Military Alliances
Total War: Three Kingdoms is the upcoming flagship release in the beloved Total War franchise, and Creative Assembly, the developers, have got some very promising new gameplay systems and mechanics to show off! Aside from the occasional instances of heroic one-on-one combat, more interesting to the series’ core audience w
THQ Nordic Adds Carmageddon To Its Ever-increasing IP Portfolio
THQ Nordic announced today that it has acquired the Carmageddon IP from Stainless Games. This is yet another step in the publisher’s efforts of obtaining the rights to a good number of older IPs over the past few years. Other names include Alone In The Dark, Kingdoms of Amalur alongside Novalogic’s entire catalog.
Total War: Warhammer 2 Curse of the Vampire Coast DLC
The next DLC release for Total War: Warhammer 2 will be The Curse of the Vampire Coast, which is set to be released on the 8th November. Total War: Warhammer 2 – The Curse of the Vampire Coast DLC will be playable in both the Eye of the Vortex and Mortal Empire campaigns, but it will also introduce four Legendary Pirate
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With Conan Exiles released back in may, Funcom is already preparing to announce a new Conan game. The announcement will be made as part of the Kinda Funny Games showcase happening this Saturday, December 8. The showcase will be livestreamed on Twitch. You can also keep track of how much time is left on the handy count
Mortal Kombat 11 Pre-orders, Release Date and Price Revealed
Warner Bros. and NetherRealm Studios have officially announced that a new installment in the Mortal Kombat series, Mortal Kombat 11, is on the way. The title is scheduled to launch on April 23, 2019 on PS4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch and PC. An announcement trailer was also released showcasing a fight between Dark Raiden and Scor
Ancestors Legacy Tackles the Origins of the Teutonic Order in its Latest Free Campaign
Ancestors Legacy has received another free campaign today, publisher 1C Company announced. The campaign focuses on the Teutonic Order, taking a look at its origin story from two different perspectives – that of Knight Brother Konrad von Thierberg and Herkus Monte, his prussian opponent. “The game takes place starting from
Alaloth – Champions of the Four Kingdoms Showcases Its Isometric Souls-Like Chops in Its Latest Teaser Trailer
Developer Gamera Interactive has unveiled a new teaser trailer for its upcoming RPG Alaloth – Champions of The Four Kingdoms, giving us a first glimpse at the title in motion. Said to be “the very first isometric souls-like game ever made”, the team behind it promise “skill based gameplay inspired by great clas
The Dark Pictures: Man of Medan gets first Developer Diary
The Dark Pictures: Man of Medan is the next project that the developers of critically-acclaimed and fan-favourite Until Dawn are working on, and considering their track record, and the fact that The Dark Pictures is coming to PC, it’s only natural for us to be excited at the prospect of this title. The very first promotio
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Have Geek Will Travel
HGWT Toons
HGWT Archives
Geek Links
Lin Workman
Lin Workman is the creator of the webcomic/geek travel blog Have Geek Will Travel, the webcomic Scared Silly, and is co-creator of the self-published comic book series Bushi Tales, with Pencil Neck Studios partner Dave Beaty. Lin has been an artist and screen printer in the t-shirt industry for over 25 years and was a graphic artist designing monuments (including tombstones and grave markers) for five years, as well as a freelance artist. He has contributed his talents to the following comics, novels, and card sets: sketch cards for The Empire Strikes Back 3-D Widevision, Star Wars Galaxy 6 and 7, Star Wars Galactic Files, Star Wars Chrome Perspectives, Star Wars Rebels, 501st’s Star Wars Celebration VI, Mars Attacks, Transformers, and DC Women of Legend trading card series, Conquest Studio’s comic book Stargodz, Mid-South Cartoonists’ Association’s comic anthologies It Came From Beneath the Drawing Board and Overdrawn and Underwritten, Comic Geek Speak’s CGS: The End comic book, The Wake-Up Crew’s webcomic for Rock103 in Memphis, and Christa Michaels’ book Ramblings with Redde: Why Does My Life Seem Like a Bad “B” Flick?. Lin has painted murals for Pancho’s Restaurant, McDonald’s, the Memphis Moose Lodge Family Center, and Fitzgerald’s Casino (Tunica). In addition, his artwork has also appeared in The Memphis Flyer, Commercial Appeal, Airbrush Action Magazine, Amazing Figure Modeler Magazine, the San Diego Comic Con, Phoenix Comicon and Metropolis Superman Celebration program guides, and on stage and backstage during the Orpheum Theartre’s Annual Auction. Lin has done several one man art shows around the Memphis area with his airbrushed “Monsterpieces”, and is a member of the Mid-South Cartoonists Association and DeSoto Artists Council. Lin was an artist and scare crew member for the Haunted Web of Horrors (formerly “Nightmarez…STAGE FRIGHT!”), a non-profit haunted house that benefits Youth Villages in Memphis. He was named the Memphis Ronald McDonald House‘s Special Events Volunteer of the Year in 2001, and again with RMH ‘A-Team’ and Nightmarez/HauntedWeb.com co-horts Patrick French and Todd Patton in 2002. He was awarded the “Superman Of Metropolis” award at the 2005 Metropolis Superman Celebration and was the Artist Guest Of Honor at ShadowconXIII in 2009 and ShadowconXVI in 2012. He has also won two Memphis Area Radio Stations (M.A.R.S.) awards for writing and voicing radio commercials. He recently was awarded a 2012 President’s Volunteer Service Award by Volunteer Northwest Mississippi, a volunteer center of the Community Foundation of Northwest Mississippi, in conjunction with the President’s Council on Service and Civic Participation and the Corporation for National & Community Service. He is married to Nicki Workman (his webmaster and best friend), and has three cats- Jarael, Harley Quinn, and Lex.
Click for full bio and fun facts
Website: www.linworkman.com
Twitter: @LinWorkman
Email: lin [at] linworkman.com
Nicki Workman
Nicki is the resident tech-geek/webmaster and container of limitless useless knowledge. Is a fan of Star Wars, Batgirl, Wonder Woman (in case you couldn’t tell), Doctor Who, Muppets, Captain America, Winter Soldier, Black Widow, video games, comics, and hockey. Is a regular panelist at MidSouthCon in Memphis.
Click for full bio
Website: www.fangirlwednesday.com
Twitter: @TNPredsFan
Email: nicki [at] fangirlwednesday.com
Our resident alien geek mascot.
Email: geeker [at] havegeekwilltravel.com
Copyright © 2011 -2013Lin Workman. All rights reserved.
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In 2015, the duo operating as a team under the title of GoKnow Media, would have an opportunity to spotlight their peers in Dallas through a partnership with a local publication The Dallas Weekly, thus Millennials to Watch was born. MTW quickly became a platform of recognition for leaders in the area and a resource for networking with up and coming talent and leaders in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex. With each individual of GoKnow Media bringing their own strength to the table, Dallas readers were blown away learning the essence of its own hometown heroes, their respective industries and how millennials were using their own resources to contribute to their communities. In its first year of production, MTW garnered more than 200,000 readers and engaged users online. Since then, the platform has recognized close to 40 individuals in the state of Texas and a growing number outside of Texas. In 2017, the team began to broaden its reach, engaging with millennials in different parts of the country. 2018 will bring new and exciting individuals to the lineup as MTW expands its network.
Ashley Boyd
Boyd, a graduate of the Mayborn School of Journalism at the University of North Texas uses her degree in Strategic Communications as the lead editor and director of Communications. Boyd also works as a Social Media Manager at a local Fortune 100 company and freelances in her free time. You can follow her at @TheAshMarieShow.
Elroy Johnson
Johnson, the director of Marketing and Visual Communications holds a Marketing degree from Abilene Christian University. He is a published photojournalist and documentary photographer. You can follow him at @Ejohnsoniv.
Millennial Women Wednesday Stephanie Boyce, M.Ed
Your favorite song currently and the artist: Get You by Daniel Ceasar Currently reading: Autobiography of Malcolm X Favorite food spot in your city: Record’s BBQ Sweet Tea or Lemonade (it’s a Southern thing): Sweet tea Describe yourself in one word: Determined
Sethlina Amakye, Millennial Women Wednesday
What inspires you? I am inspired by creativity. I love seeing people create something from nothing or take something that others thought was trash and turn it into something beautiful. Your favorite song currently and the artist: Current favorite is Hillsongs
Millennial Men Monday Maurice Savage Jr.
What inspires you? Seeing people overcoming everyday challenges while maintaining their happiness. Your favorite song currently and the artist: Sorry, I have two. Best Part by H.E.R., Daniel Cesar and Prime Time by KB featuring Ty Brasel.
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Rifleman's Creed
The Rifleman's Creed (also known as My Rifle and The Creed of the United States Marine) is a part of basic United States Marine Corps doctrine. Major General William H. Rupertus wrote it during World War II, probably in late 1941 or early 1942. In the past, all enlisted Marines would learn the creed at recruit training. However, in recent years the creed has been relegated to the back pages of the standard recruit training guide book and its memorization is no longer considered doctrine for recruits. Different, more concise versions of the creed have developed since its early days, but those closest to the original version remain the most widely accepted.[1][2]
1 Current text
2 Original text (used in the movie Full Metal Jacket)
Current text
Rifleman's Creed[1]
This is my rifle. There are many like it, but this one is mine.
My rifle is my best friend. It is my life. I must master it as I must master my life.
Without me, my rifle is useless. Without my rifle, I am useless. I must fire my rifle true. I must shoot straighter than my enemy who is trying to kill me. I must shoot him before he shoots me. I will ...
My rifle and I know that what counts in war is not the rounds we fire, the noise of our burst, nor the smoke we make. We know that it is the hits that count. We will hit ...
My rifle is human, even as I, because it is my life. Thus, I will learn it as a brother. I will learn its weaknesses, its strength, its parts, its accessories, its sights and its barrel. I will keep my rifle clean and ready, even as I am clean and ready. We will become part of each other. We will ...
Before God, I swear this creed. My rifle and I are the defenders of my country. We are the masters of our enemy. We are the saviors of my life.
So be it, until victory is America's and there is no enemy, but peace!
Original text (used in the movie Full Metal Jacket)
(Note: the source novel for the film, Gustav Hasford's The Short-Timers, does include much of the text listed here as omitted from the film.)
(This part is not spoken in the film:
My rifle and I know that what counts in war is not the rounds we fire, the noise of our burst, nor the smoke we make. We know that it is the hits that count. We will hit ... My rifle is human, even as I, because it is my life. Thus, I will learn it as a brother. I will learn its weaknesses, its strength, its parts, its accessories, its sights and its barrel.)
(This part is on the extended edition of the movie:[citation needed]
I will keep my rifle clean and ready, even as I am clean and ready. We will become part of each other. We will ...)
(regular edition of film continues here)
Before God, I swear this creed. My rifle and myself are the defenders of my country. We are the masters of our enemy. We are the saviors of my life.
So be it, until there is no enemy, but peace. Amen.
Airman's Creed
Coast Guardsmen's Creed
Ranger Creed
Quartermaster Creed
Sailor's Creed
Noncommissioned officer's creed
^ a b c Major General William H. Rupertus. "My Rifle: The Creed of a U.S. Marine". United States Marine Corps. Archived from the original on 2007-03-10.
^ Major General William H. Rupertus. "My Rifle: The Creed of a U.S. Marine". U.S. Military. About.com.
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rifleman%27s_Creed&oldid=925000664"
United States Marine Corps lore and symbols
Warrior code
1941 documents
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Holiday cottage-Holiday cottage
Address: C. La Calera n.4
Place: Agaete
This house, which was originally built more than 150 years ago, cannot be said to be an `old house` since, after being restored ( this restoration was awarded by two important Institutions: Cabildo Insular de Gran Canaria and Agate Town Hall ), it has all the comfort required to respond to today`s demands without losing its original character and flavour. It has splendid views to the Valley of Agaete as well to the Massif and Pine Forest of Tamadaba, places towards different trekking routes lead starting from spots located near the house. The palm tree forest where the house is located served as a basic for an original garden design were native Flora and species from other countries, mainly Latin-American ones, have been added, and whose adaptation and development clearly show the mildness of the micro-climate of this valley. We highlight the house`s decoration where the love its owner shows for 20 century art, with paintings and sculptures by Canarian and South American artists and for antiques is notorious. His talent to combine both is one of the most outstanding characteristics of this house.
Legal notice for reservation process
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NATO Announces Sana Health as winner of the NATO Innovation Challenge to Develop Device to Optimize Performance of Soldiers in Combat
NATO – Chiefs of Transformation Conference, Norfolk VA, Wednesday December 12th, 2019.
The modern war-fighter faces increasing cognitive demands, exponentially more information, and a greater need for mental resilience than ever before. Sana, a device that uses audiovisual neuromodulation to produce a deep state of relaxation and optimize recovery, was chosen as the most promising technology to help address this growing need.
Sana is a wearable device that guides the user into a state of relaxation in just 10 minutes. In addition to the immediate relaxation effects, the device helps return the brain to optimum brainwave states over time. This has applications across pain, addiction, anxiety and sleep problems. Given the state of the opioid crisis and the market effects of this catastrophe, this discovery has huge implications.
Richard Hanbury, Founder and CEO of Sana, originally developed the earliest prototype after a jeep crash in Yemen in 1992 left him in severe, chronic pain and a 5-year life expectancy. The earliest prototype wiped out all of his nerve damage pain and saved his life.
Since then, Hanbury and Sana have been on a mission to bring this technology to the world and to help the millions of people in need of non-drug solutions to reduce pain, facilitate sleep, diminish anxiety, and eliminate addiction.
Sana has completed ground-breaking clinical trials in Opioid Use Disorder (OUD), fibromyalgia with third-party verification of top experts in each field. In patients with fibromyalgia, Sana outperformed the top-marketed drugs for addressing symptoms of depression, anxiety and sleep disorders.
Whilst these are small trials, the early signs are exceptional. Sana is following up with larger-scale studies, including a 3-month investigation in patients with neuropathic pain with Dr. David Putrino at Mount Sinai, a Multiple Sclerosis study in the final planning stages at the Cleveland Clinic, and a post-operative pain study being planned at the University of Pennsylvania. Sana has applied to the FDA for a de novo clearance for fibromyalgia and hopes to be on market early in 2020.
In preparation for the NATO competition, Sana worked with a group of digital health scientists from HITLAB, one of the world’s preeminent digital health testing labs, in New York City to launch a rapid pilot study to investigate the device’s efficacy with fatigue mitigation. Late last month Sana completed a successful 24hr fatigue mitigation study with HITLAB, led by Prof. Stan Kachnowski, Director of the Digital Health Certification Program at Columbia Business School Executive Education.
A briefing of the results from this study can be found at www.hitlab.org/sanastudy
With the recent wins at UCSF Digital Health Awards, Anthem, and NATO Innovation Summit, Sana is collecting more and more evidence that it is a highly effect non-pharmacological treatment for chronic pain, anxiety, and addiction, and should be in every physicians’ toolkit to help patients.
NATO win: https://media.act.nato.int/record/~3002537fd2
Richard Hanbury
www.sana.io
Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/embed/vQrdQVziDFA
Company Name: Sana Health Inc
Contact Person: Richard Hanbury
Phone: +1 4156300467
Website: www.sana.io
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Mysteries at the Grand Canyon
The Grand Canyon is magnificent, breath-taking, and also the site of many strange unsolved mysteries...
Shadow of a Man
This photo above was taken by someone using an internet live cam from the canyon, as he looked for UFOs, but what he found was a giant shadow of a person (at least it looks that) - bottom left quadrant of the photo. It could be some kind of soil erosion, but a few ponder if perhaps something was set up long ago to cast a shadow like that, such as the geoglyphs of Nazca or the Intaglios of Blythe, California.
Giant Mummies in Egyptian Tomb
In 1909, the Arizona Gazette featured an article about a supposed find of an Egyptian tomb in the Grand Canyon.
The reports were that a man named Kinkaid discovered a cave up on the wall of the Canyon while riding the waterway. He stumbled into supposedly grand caverns within that housed giant mummies, riches, and lots of art that appeared to be either Asian or Egyptian.
This is a sample of what the rather hard-to-find "Kinkaid" said;
"The idol almost resembles Buddha, though the scientists are not certain as to what religious worship it represents. Taking into consideration everything found thus far, it is possible that this worship most resembles the ancient people of Tibet." He also stated that he had found an unknown gray metal, resembling platinum, as well as tiny carved heads, scattered on the floor. Urns bore "mysterious hieroglyphics, the key to which the Smithsonian Institute hopes yet to discover." In another room he found mummies: "Some of the mummies are covered with clay, and all are wrapped in a bark fabric."
Considering this was in 1909, it seems to remarkably resemble other finds of ancient giants in Death Valley and other locations. Their script and their art appeared Egyptian or Asian to those who do not know that the ancient race of giants apparently influenced worldwide script and art so, in fact, Egyptian art would resemble giant influence.
There's been a lot of question as to whether this is a true story or not. The newspaper did mention the Smithsonian sweeping in and the story going underground. We know how that goes -
Given strict guidelines on where you can go in the Canyon, we may never know for sure, but interestingly there are whole sections in the Canyon with pathways named for Egyptian titles.
Missing Newlyweds: Glen and Bessie Hyde
In 1928, newly married couple, Glen and Bessie Hyde, embarked on a honeymoon ride down the Colorado, went into the Grand Canyon and never were seen again. The couple's boat was found fully stocked, but the couple was nowhere in sight. Did they hike off and get lost? The case has never been solved.
Kolb Skeleton
In 1976, a male skeleton of a young adult age was found in the home of photography Emery Kolb who lived on the Rim. It was thought they might be the remains of the missing Glen Hyde, but the skeleton was too young. So, henceforth, it has been dubbed the Kolb Skeleton and his background is still unsure.
UFO crash
This article caught my attention - please don't take it too seriously, but it is a delight!
“4,000 YEAR OLD UFO FOUND IN GRAND CANYON!
BY LISA MERAKIS
Flagstaff, Ariz. - A team of experts called in to examine strange debris at the bottom of the Grand Canyon discovered the wreckage of a UFO that crashed a mind boggling 4,000 years ago!
The scientists, members of a highly secret joint military task force on UFOs, inspected the spherical craft and found it to be in good condition despite its rough landing and incredible age.
The relic is made of an unknown metallic substance and emits low levels of radiation, according to leaks from highly placed sources. It was immediately removed from the site and is now in a secret location.
My contacts tell me this craft is definitely of extraterrestrial origin and without a doubt carried a crew of 12 to 20 individuals, said Dr. Henry Leaumont, a California based astronomer who contacted this reporter after he was shown secret air Force documents relating to the find.
Carbon dating shows it crash landed at the base of the canyon around 2,000 B.C.
Cabin features suggest that the crew members were much like humans, although significantly smaller. They apparently breathed oxygen, guided their atom powered craft with a magnetic steering system and carried supplies of food and water on board.
According to reports filed by the scientific team, the spacecraft was lodged in limestone rubble at the base of the canyon not far from an area called Comanche Point.
A thorough inspection of the landing site revealed that the spacecraft's occupants left their ship and lived near it for a number of years after it crashed.
The finding proves the existence of a space alien colony on this planet nearly 3,500 years before Columbus!
This impression is confirmed by Indian cave paintings made at the time, the Air Force secret documents attest. The paintings, found near the crash site, show strange humanoid creatures with bulbous heads. Experts believe these creatures were the same aliens who arrived in the ancient UFO.
The secret report said all traces of alien occupation disappeared within 50 years or so of the crash date. There is no indication of what might have happened to the extraterrestrials, the documents reveal.
The ship is made of an extremely light metallic fiber, Dr. Leaumont said.
It measurers about 50 feet across at its widest point and it is 102 feet long. It's an incredible find - the latest in a series of artifacts collected secretly and hidden away in government UFO study centers.
There's a lot of official concern about keeping this latest discovery a secret. They've been covering up the truth about alien contacts for 50 years and they're not going to stop now. They want to study this thing, but they want it only for themselves.
Who knows what scientists might learn if they'd share this priceless find with the rest of the world?”
Shadow Animal or Skinwalker?
Skinwalker: (Wikipedia) is a person with the supernatural ability to turn into any animal he or she desires. Similar lore can be found in cultures throughout the world and is often referred to as shapeshifting by anthropologists.
Shadow person/animal: (Wikipedia) Are supernatural shadow-like figures of both modern folklore and paranormal popular culture that believers claim appear as dark humanoid (or animal) forms or evasive specters seen mostly in peripheral vision.
A friend and her significant other (we'll call them Jane and Joe), had an experience that so impressed me by their story, that I sat them down to get the details. This time I took notes instead of curling up with my feet tucked under me being spooked by the description. Here is their story:
It was July 2006. The couple was leaving the Grand Canyon Park to head south towards Williams for their hotel room. They were driving in a car, heading out the park entrance around 9:30 p.m. They were less than a mile from the park on this unusually chilly night. In front of them was an SUV perhaps 8 car lengths ahead. They saw the brake lights go off on the SUV and Jane warned Joe, who was driving. They both noted the SUV swerve into the oncoming lane as if something were in the roadway.
Jane witnessed something very huge and black, taller than the SUV, its shoulder area seeming to be about even with the top of the SUV. They had only a couple seconds before they came up on the spot themselves. Joe swerved the car into the oncoming lane as he witnessed this huge black creature threateningly close to the car. As he did this, Jane in the passenger side looked up to this gigantic black mass. Its head was well above the height of the car and she caught its eyes as they passed by it. Her immediate reaction was one of impending doom and threat. She felt its massive size and power and felt completely inadequate in their car in comparison.
Joe slowed down, thinking of turning around, when he looked into the rear view mirror and saw the car behind him swerving the same way in the road, just missing this huge black…creature. Oddly, the lights of that car could create no detail on this black mass either.
They both continued down the road, confused and upset by the encounter. Later, they passed by some elk in a field and their car lights hit them and showing exactly what they were including the details and shapes of them and the foggy wisps of their cold breath from their flaring nostrils.
It wasn’t until Jane was describing the story to me that I realized some strange features. One was the SUV in front of them slammed on their brakes. Had those people seen this thing in their headlights in the distance, they would have braked slower. They didn’t see it, even with headlights, until they were upon it. Jane described a steep embankment near the roadway that seemed to have entrapped this thing, forcing it to follow the road to get out. At least, that was the sense of the situation. Also, their own headlights showed nothing more than a black mass. No color, no detail, no definition. Given that it was threatening their place in their lane, this creature should have been seen, as the elk had been seen by the headlights. As well, the size was exceptional. If a typical SUV is perhaps 6’ tall and the slope of what seemed to be shoulders was even with it, then that would make this creature perhaps over 7’ high! Jane commented several times about how massive and threatening it seemed.
What it was they saw that evening on the roadway, they’ll never know. The memory still haunts them as a singularly strange and eerie encounter. Whether it was a skinwalker or possibly some kind of shadow animal (like a shadow person) is unknown. The intriguing thing is how shadow people are caught out of the corner of your eye, you turn to see them and they’re described as completely black and solid-appearing without detail, and bring with them a sense of impending doom and threat. Similar, huh?
Shadow in the Canyon
Glen and Bessie Hyde
Grand Canyon Tomb
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All-Time Honors & Awards
Wilkerson tosses eight shutout innings in 1-0 victory
Aaron Wilkerson worked eight-plus shutout innings to get his fourth victory in a 1-0 win Friday against Trevecca Nazarene. (Credit Don Haynes)
LEBANON, Tenn. – Aaron Wilkerson tossed eight-plus shutout innings and Tommy Winegardner came on to get the final three outs, preserving a 1-0 victory for No. 1 Cumberland against Trevecca Nazarene on Friday in the first of a three-game series at Ernest L. Stockton Field.
The Bulldogs (15-6, 4-0 TranSouth) stranded 13 runners in the contest, including eight in the first three innings, but Wilkerson was magnificent through the first eight innings before giving way to Winegardner for the save.
Wilkerson (4-0) allowed five hits, only three through eight innings, walked three and struck out five before allowing two singles to start the ninth. The righthander was not particularly sharp but battled his way to the victory, much as he did in last year’s matchup against the Trojans, a 7-3 win for CU. For his efforts he was named the Music City Star of the Game.
Trevecca (12-11, 1-3) sacrificed the two runners in the ninth up a base, but Zach Polzin grounded out to third and Matt Dobbins popped out to second to end the contest.
The Trojans had just two runners reach third base in the contest, one in the sixth inning after a leadoff double from Jordan Foreman and then Chad Reynolds in the ninth after his leadoff single.
Cumberland scored its only run of the game in the first inning on a bases-loaded walk to Mike Mandarino, forcing in Winegardner, who led off the inning with a single. The Bulldogs had the bases loaded and no one out after the walk but two strikeouts and a groundout ended the threat.
CU also loaded the bases with one out in the second and had second and third with none out in the third, only to come up empty both times. Trevecca starter B.J. Boston (2-1) got out of all three jams and worked into seventh, allowing one run on seven hits while walking three and striking out seven.
Winegardner and David Fanshawe each collected two hits for the Bulldogs, while Foreman recorded two of TNU’s five hits in the contest.
The Bulldogs pushed across a run in the first but could have had more.
Winegardner lined a single into center on the first pitch from Boston and Greg Appleton was hit on the next pitch. Cory Farris floated a soft single past the shortstop and into short leftfield to load the bases and Mandarino drew a walk, forcing in a run. But two strikeouts and a groundout left the bases loaded for CU and just a 1-0 edge.
T.J. Murphy blooped a one-out single into rightcenter in the second inning and Winegardner and Appleton followed with solid singles, loading the bases again. But Farris bounced into a fielder’s choice and Mandarino lined out to leftfield to end the inning with the bases loaded again.
Tommy Crews struck out to leadoff the third inning for CU but reached on a wild pitch. Fanshawe then doubled down the leftfield line, but again the Bulldogs were unable to drive in the runs. Richie Seaton lined out to leftfield, Antonio Butler was thrown out trying to bunt his way on and Murphy grounded out to end the inning with Cumberland leading just 1-0.
Trevecca looked to tie the contest in the third after Foreman’s leadoff double. Pinch-hitter Corey Crunk flied out to center, moving Foreman to third, but after a walk to Matt Tidwell, Chad Reynolds tried to bunt his way on, only to be called out, as his leg touched the ball after he left the batter’s box. Mitch McClay lined out to right to end the inning with the Bulldogs still leading, 1-0.
Cumberland never really threatened again until the eighth when Seaton doubled to deep center to leadoff. He moved to third on Butler’s groundout, but Murphy grounded out to the first baseman and after a walk to Winegardner, Appleton fouled out to end the inning.
Cumberland and the Trojans conclude the three-game series Saturday with a Noon doubleheader. The Bulldogs also host Tennessee Wesleyan and Shawnee State this week in single games on Tuesday and Wednesday, respectively.
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Fiesta Latina salsa "Mi Tierra"
http://www.fiesta-latina.co.uk/watch.html
Daniela/Rory/Harry
Video recorded, edited and produced by Harry Hincapie, Tiger Music Entertainment — playing Salsa music at Mowlem Street Studios.
Yoshitaka Kono
The musicians were photographed by prize-winning art and fashion photographer Yoshitaka Kono to showcase the vocalist, pianist, percussionist and trumpet, electric Latin trio and electric Latin quartet.
Yoshi worked with the musicians to capture the vibe of the electric Fiesta Latina. Taking individual and group portraits of the vocalist, pianist and percussionist and enhancing the modern look with the percussion instruments. The combination of the microphone, keyboard, cajon and assorted percussion, along with Mowlem Street Studios great backdrops and props gave him many great shapes, colours and sounds to work with!
Japan born, London based, internationally-published photographer Yoshitaka Kono brings exceptional knowledge and enthusiasm to every event, committed to delivering promising results and remaining true to a unique artistic vision. Specialising in fashion editorial, campaigns, look book and music promos as well as editorial, commercial, portrait and personal, award-winning photographer Yoshitaka Kono has worked within a range of media including magazines, digital and television.
www.yoshitakakono.com
www.instagram.com/yoshitakakono
Festa Brasileira presents the best in Bossa Nova and Samba with fantastic live musicians, excellent cocktails and Brazilian vibes. Put on your dancing shoes and leave your saudades (blues) at home, it's time to party!
Festa Brasileira is a subset of Fiesta Latina, a separate setup specialising in the myriad of styles emerging from Brazil; from Samba and Bossa Nova to MPB and Sertanejo, from Partido Alto to funk.
Samba E Amor (Bebel Gilberto)
Video by Tiger Music Entertainment
Vamos Sambar!
Fiesta Latina - The Instant Latin House Party
www.fiesta-latina.co.uk
Fiesta Latina is the smaller sister act and “instant coffee” alternative to the filtered coffee beans of its big brother Diáspora, each of the musicians taking the lead with their respective elements – the rhythms of the percussion, the harmonies of the piano, the melodies of the trumpet and the lyrics of the vocals – creating an explosive spark of musical interplay, with an emphasis on live dynamic interaction.
Providing a quick and easy salsa solution, the band have been a favourite with house parties, product launches and promotional and media work as well as weddings and intimate occasions around the UK. The band has performed throughout the UK - London, Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, Bristol, Plymouth, Reading, Oxford and the home counties - working with distinguished clients such as Havana Club and notable bar & pub chains.
Fiesta Latina North - The Instant Latin House Party
www.fiesta-latina-north.co.uk
2 Fiesta Latinas are better than 1...
We're touring more of Britain than ever before, so say ¡Hola! to Fiesta Latina, now in both North and South of the UK.
The Fiesta Latina you've come to know and love hasn't changed (don't worry), we've just got bigger and better. Our name is now based in two major cities and covers more areas (and more parties) right across the UK. Our two lineups are run as separate productions, but both have the same Fiesta Latinaname, and of course the same Claire Red & Black Music sparkle.
Fiesta Latina North is based in Manchester and travels to the likes of Birmingham, Derby, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Leeds, Liverpool, Newcastle, Nottingham, Sheffield and York.
¡Chevere!
Hop on a plane and be transported to the tropical climes of South America
Hop on a plane and be transported to the tropical climes of South America, Fiesta Latina delivers cool cuts of Brazilian Bossa Nova ("New Wave"), Samba, MPB ("Música Popular Brasileira) & Funk.
http://www.fiesta-latina.co.uk/festa-brasileira.html
Video by Tiger Music Entertainment
Producer's Picks London
FIESTA LATINA
THE INSTANT LATIN HOUSE PARTY
Fiesta Latina North
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Theatre, Film, and Television Biographies
Gary Kasper to Florence Klotz
Jeremy Kemp Biography (1935-)
Original name, Jeremy Walker; born February 3, 1935, near Chesterfield, England; son of Edmund Reginald (an engineer) and Elsa May (maiden name, Kemp) Walker.
Famous Works
Film Appearances
Vince Howard, Face of a Stranger (also known as Edgar Wallace Mysteries: Face of a Stranger), Allied Artists, 1964
Drake, Dr. Terror's House of Horrors (also known as The Blood Suckers), Regal Films, 1965
Phil Bradley, Operation Crossbow (also known as Codename: Operation Crossbow, The Great Spy Mission, and Operazione Crossbow), Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 1965
Willi Von Klugermann, The Blue Max, Twentieth Century-Fox, 1966
Senior British immigration officer, Cast a Giant Shadow, United Artists, 1966
Hal, Assignment K, Columbia, 1968
Detective Sergeant Pierce, The Strange Affair, Paramount, 1968
Harry Riker, A Twist of Sand, United Artists, 1968
Inspector Galleria, Eyewitness (also known as Sudden Terror), National General, 1970
Kurt Von Ruger, Darling Lili, Paramount, 1970
Jim Harcourt, The Games, Twentieth Century-Fox, 1970
Joan's father, Pope Joan (also known as The Devil's Imposter), Columbia, 1972
The Salzburg Connection, Twentieth Century-Fox, 1972
Grabinski, The Blockhouse, Hemdale, 1974
George Stevens, Labbra di lurido blu, 1975
John Kendrick, The Belstone Fox (also known as Free Spirit), Rank/Twentieth Century-Fox, 1976
East of Elephant Rock, Kendon, 1976
Baron Von Leinsdorf, The Seven-Per-Cent Solution, Universal, 1977
RAF briefing officer, A Bridge Too Far, United Artists, 1977
Dr. Smythe, Caravans, Universal/Ibex, 1978
Duke Michael of Zenda, The Prisoner of Zenda, Universal, 1979
Bolt, Leopard in the Snow, New World, 1979
Reginald Landers, The Treasure Seekers (also known as Contraband, Forty Million Bucks, Jamaican Gold, and On a Dead Man's Chest), 1979
Frank, Return of the Soldier, Twentieth Century-Fox, 1983
Ferryman, Uncommon Valor, Paramount, 1983
General Streck, Top Secret! Paramount, 1984
Mr. Wellbeloved, When the Whales Came, Twentieth Century-Fox, 1989
Sir John Delaney, Four Weddings and a Funeral, 1994
Sir Harald Alabaster, Angels and Insects, 1995
P.C. Bob Steele, Z Cars, 1962
Squadron leader Tony Shaw, Colditz, 1974
Churchill's People, 1974
Hissa Zul, Conan, syndicated, 1998
Haerte 10, 1974
Brigadier General Armin Von Roon, The Winds of War, ABC, 1983
General Horatio Gates, George Washington, CBS, 1984
General Patrick Gordon, Peter the Great, NBC, 1986
Brigadier General Armin Von Roon, War and Remembrance, ABC, 1989
Geoffrey Moore, The Rhinemann Exchange, NBC, 1977
German official, Evita Peron, NBC, 1981
Baron Hunyadi, Phantom of the Opera, CBS, 1983
Thompson, Sadat, syndicated, 1983
General de Pellieux, Prisoner of Honor, HBO, 1991
Lord Milborne, Duel of Hearts, TNT, 1992
The corporal, "The Loop Men," The Protectors, 1964
Frank Heriot, "Onset of Fear," Undermind, 1965
Dr. Ernst Linden, "Voyager's Return," Space 1999, syndicated,1975
Frank Zedlocker, "Divorce Venusian Style," The Greatest American Hero, 1981
Warden, "The Devil and the Deep Blue Sea," The Greatest American Hero, 1982
Michael Wordsworth, "The Molly Sue," The Fall Guy, 1983
"Feet Foremost," Shades of Darkness, 1983
Dr. Grimesby Rylott, "The Speckled Band," The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, Series I, 1984
Minister Melnikov, "From Russia ... with Blood," Murder, She Wrote, CBS, 1989
Robert Picard, "Family," Star Trek: The Next Generation, 1990
Duke of Norfolk, Henry VIII, 1979
Leontes, The Winter's Tale (also known as BBC Television Shakespeare: The Winter's Tale), BBC, 1981
Cornwall, King Lear, 1984
Buck Kettering, Summer's Lease, BBC-2, then PBS, 1991
Also appeared as Warwick, Saint Joan; appeared in Brassneck, The Contract, The Last Reunion, The Lovers of Florence, Slip-Up, and Unity.
Kleist, Keefer (also known as Behind the Lines), ABC, 1978
Hissa Zul, Conan: The Adventurer (also known as Conan, der Abenteuer), syndicated, 1998
Other Television Appearances
Squadron Leader Cooper, Campaign for One (also known as Wednesday Play: Campaign for One), 1965
Walk into the Dark, 1972
Goodbye (also known as Play for Today: Goodbye), 1975
Double Echo (also known as BBC2 Playhouse--The Mind Beyond: Double Echo), BBC-2, 1976
Liza (also known as BBC2 Play of the Week: Liza), BBC-2, 1978
The Magician, 1993
Stage Appearances
(Stage debut) Landlord, Misery Me, Arts Theatre, Felixstowe, England, 1957
(London debut) Orator, The Chairs, Royal Court Theatre, 1958
Malcolm, Macbeth, Old Vic Theatre, London, 1958
Sergeant Lugg, The Magistrate, Old Vic Theatre, 1959
Oliver, As You Like It, Old Vic Theatre, 1959
Frank Broadbent, Celebration, Nottingham Playhouse, Nottingham, England, 1960, then Duchess Theatre, London, 1961
Hector Barlow, Afternoon Men, Arts Theatre, London, 1963
The major, Incident at Vichy, Phoenix Theatre, London, 1966
Richard Howarth, Spoiled, Haymarket Theatre, London, 1971
Aston, The Caretaker, Mermaid Theatre, London, 1972
Buckingham, Richard III, Olivier Theatre, London, 1979
Follow City-Data.com Founder
on our Forum or Twitter
Deborah Leibowitz
Jan 4, 2012 @ 6:18 pm
What happened to this wonderful actor? Was he ill when he retired from the profession? He seemed an underused, undervalued UK artist. His performance in The Games (1970) was a monument to the craft. They've knighted many a lesser actor.
Still alive? Only the "girls", viz. Vanessa & Judi. from his class at Central seem to be still around. Just seen him again in repeat of Winds of War (tx in South Africa) Are the royalties still coming?
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Home | About Us | Editorial Board | Search | Ahead of print | Current Issue | Archives | Instructions | Contact | Advertise | Submission | Login
Relationship between craving and early relapse in alcohol dependence: A short-term follow-up study
Rajan Kharb1, Lokesh S Shekhawat2, Ram Pratap Beniwal2, Triptish Bhatia2, Smita N Deshpande2
1 Department of Psychiatry, Tihar Central Jail Hospital, New Delhi, India
2 Department of Psychiatry and Drug De-addiction, Centre of Excellence in Mental Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
Dr. Ram Pratap Beniwal
Room No. 5, Department of Psychiatry and Drug De-addiction, Centre of Excellence in Mental Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Dr. Ram Manohar LohiaHospital, New Delhi
DOI: 10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_558_17
Background: The role of craving in alcohol dependence and its relationship with relapse has been studied widely in the past decade. The present study was undertaken to assess the role of craving in short-term relapse of patients seeking treatment for alcohol dependence and changes in craving score at the end of detoxification and at follow-up. Materials and Methods: A total of 34 male individuals with alcohol dependence (excluding comorbid drug dependence, organic or psychiatric disorder), after detoxification and discharge, consented. No anticraving medicine, aversive or psychotherapy, was advised. They were diagnosed on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases-10 using Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies. Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) and Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment Scale–Alcohol-Revised (CIWA-AR) were administered at the time of admission. Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) was applied at the time of discharge and follow-up to measure craving for alcohol. Results: Out of a total of thirty patients analyzed after dropout, 21 relapsed at the end of 1 month. On comparing PACS scores between relapsed and nonrelapsed patients, the difference was significant at both time points, i.e., at discharge and follow-up (t = 4.15, P < 0.0001 and t = 4.01, P < 0.001, respectively). In the total sample, SADQ and CIWA-AR scores were positively correlated (r = 0.47, P = 0.009). PACS at discharge was compared with PACS at follow-up, of which the correlation was high (r = 0.832, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Craving seems to be a main factor related to relapse. Its measurement with PACS can be a useful tool to predict subsequent drinking and to identify individual risk for relapse during treatment.
Kharb R
Shekhawat LS
Beniwal RP
Bhatia T
Deshpande SN
early relapse
© 2018 Indian Psychiatric Society - South Zonal Branch | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
Online since 1st November, 2008
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Charles R. Young, Sr.
Wayne M. Bach
Terry M. Taylor
Paul E. Culpepper
Kevin C. McIntosh
Jimmy R. Summerlin, Jr.
Timothy D. Swanson
John W. Crone III
Justin M. Annas
Jordan L. Faulkner
James R. Hawes
Jessica M. French Watson
Jarryd A. de Boer
Hickory Daily Record: Hickory Law Firm Announces New Partner
By office on March 13, 2012 in News
Jimmy R. Summelin
HICKORY–Young, Morphis, Bach & Taylor, LLP, a law firm serving western North Carolina for over 60 years, announced the addition of Jimmy R. Summerlin, Jr. as partner in the firm.
“Jimmy has an impressive track record as an attorney and is an incredibly hard-working individual. We are pleased that Jimmy has chosen to take this next step in his career with our firm,” stated Terry M. Taylor, Managing Partner.
Summerlin, a Tarboro native, practices in the firm’s Hickory office, where he focuses on bankruptcy law, commercial law, and corporate transactional law.
Summerlin also handles other legal matters such as real estate, wills, trusts and estates. When not practicing law, Jimmy enjoys spending time with his family, working on church related activities, fishing and hunting. Summerlin earned his Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees from North Carolina State University in Raleigh. He received his Juris Doctorate, with a concentration in business transactions, and his Doctor of Philosophy degrees from the University of Tennessee in Knoxville.
Summerlin is a member of numerous professional associations, including the Catawba County Bar Association, North Carolina Bar Association, American Bar Association, American Bankruptcy Institute, and the National Association of Consumer Bankruptcy Attorneys.
One of Hickory’s oldest firms, Young, Morphis, Bach & Taylor offers expertise in a broad range of practice areas, including, but not limited to Business and Corporation law; Taxation and Estate Planning; Real Property; Personal Injury claims; Civil and Real Property Litigation; Wills, Estate and Probate Law; Elder Law; Guardianship; Traffic Court; Criminal Law; Bankruptcy, Collections and Foreclosures; Employment Law; and Mediation.
The firm’s other partners are Terry M. Taylor, Wayne M. Bach, Paul E. Culpepper and Kevin C. McIntosh. Charles R. Young, Sr., a founding partner in the firm, continues to practice with the firm of counsel.
ON THE NET
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>>See Mr. Summerlin’s full biography at: http://www.hickorylaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Jimmy-R.-Summerlin-Jr-Profile.pdf.
Jarryd de Boer sworn in as attorney
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January 17, 2020 Kim du Toit Drive Time
I have long lusted after owning a Maserati Quattroporte, which to me seemed to be the last (non-Bentley) word in luxury touring cars:
It combines everything I like about cars: exquisite styling, a sumptuous interior and, lest we forget, a Ferrari-derived 3.8-liter V8 engine.
This morning, however, I took an Uber passenger to the airport, and in chatting about cars, I mentioned my yearning for the above Mazza.
“Nah,” was his comment.
“Quality isn’t that good.”
“It’ll break down every week?” I said in jest.
“Not every week…”
I should point out that said passenger was once a senior exec at Maserati USA.
So much for that dream.
January 17, 2020 Kim du Toit Men & Women, Modernism
Okay, that does it: I am officially jealous of the younger generation, if this kind of thing is going to become commonplace:
An Oklahoma high school teacher was arrested for allegedly having a threesome with a student and another woman inside her home.
Joyce Churchwell, who worked as a volleyball coach at Berryhill High School in Tulsa, first connected with the student over Snapchat and began seeing him at her home last year, News on 6 reported.
The student “admitted that this encounter had taken place at the teacher’s home along with another adult female — a former teacher at the district.”
I mean, a high school kid bonking a nubile young teacher is one thing — but a threesome with another older woman?
Just… damn.
January 17, 2020 Kim du Toit Eco-Crap, Food & Drink
Is there any possible part of our daily life that isn’t going to be measured by this bullshit metric?
Fish sticks may seem harmless, but the tiny food is creating a huge carbon footprint.
A new study has found that transforming Alaskan Pollock into fish sticks, imitation crab and fish fillets generates nearly twice the greenhouse gas emissions produced by fishing itself.
I’m getting to the point where the more I’m scolded for behavior which (allegedly) harms the planet or in some way offends people of a certain type, the more I’m likely to increase said behavior.
I’ve never been that keen on fish sticks — I think I grew out of the taste at age 8 — but I think I’ll pick up a pack or two of Gorton’s the next time I’m at the supermarket, just for spite.
And then there’s this, from the same article:
Families that often dine out and consume large quantities of sweets and alcohol are likely to have a higher carbon footprint than meat eaters, a study claims.
Researchers came to this conclusion after studying the food habits and carbon footprints of around 60,000 households across Japan.
They found that meat consumption typically only accounts for only 10 per cent of the different in environmental impact between low and high carbon households.
In contrast, households with high carbon footprints typically consumed around two to three times more sweets and alcohol than those with low footprints
Eating out, for example, was found to contribute 175 per cent more carbon emissions for the average household than eating meats.
In fact, dining in restaurants was seen to contribute an annual average of 770 kilograms (121 stone) of greenhouse gases towards the environmental impact of those households with a high carbon footprint.
That does it. Tonight is Pizza Night chez Du Toit (which is an immutable institution), but tomorrow night I think I’ll take New Wife to Hard Eight BBQ, which boasts a meat smoker that puts out more smoke than a fucking 19th-century steamship.
Chide me, I dare ya.
January 17, 2020 Kim du Toit Funny Stuff, Mocking Furriners
The rest of the article, sadly, is quite serious. Read it anyway.
It wouldn’t surprise me if at his next speaking engagement, the Ginger Duke wears a pussy hat.
January 17, 2020 Kim du Toit Captions, Friday Feature
Your suggestions in Comments.
January 16, 2020 Kim du Toit Food & Drink, Modernism
And another treasured institution falls over:
The Full English breakfast could die out within a generation because almost one in five young people living in the UK have never eaten a fry-up.
Despite being a mainstay of British society since the Victorian era, a nationwide study has revealed 17 per cent of British people under 30 have never tucked into the greasy breakfast food.
Millennials are avoiding the traditional meal due to health concerns, with a fifth of 18 to 30-year-olds saying they associate the dish with heart attacks and obesity.
The majority would prefer to have smoked salmon and scrambled eggs, smashed avocado on toast or oatmeal pancakes for breakfast over the Full English.
Here’s what they’re missing, the little shits:
Great Caesar’s bleeding hemorrhoids… how could this sublime creation be replaced by something that looks like calcified sputum on toast?
My own kids (Millennials all) would smother me in my sleep if I were to offer them this slop instead of a Full English on Christmas Day — or any day, come to think of it — but then they’re not Brits, are they?
I don’t want anyone to think that I’m unalterably set in my ways (“No, Kim! Say it ain’t so!”) — I mean, the last time I had breakfast at Fortnum & Mason, I even had a delicious Duck Rarebit (fried duck egg on hot beer cheese over a piece of toast, as below):
…so I am open to a bit of change — I just don’t want the thing I temporarily changed from to disappear because some pasty-faced weenies think it’s unheaaaaalthyyyy!
Let me promise you all one thing: if the time comes when I go over to Blighty, go out for brekkie and find the Full English has disappeared from the menu, there will be murders. Just the prospect of “avo toast” on a breakfast table makes me feel weak.
Is it too early for a pint of gin? I think not.
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Location: Didcot
Didcot was first designated as a growth area in 1979 and is likely to grow by another 9,000 homes over the next 20 to 25 years. As a result, the town’s population is expected to increase from 15,000 in 1981 to over 30,000 residents by 2016. The town has been given garden town status by the government. [www.southoxon.gov.uk]
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Cornerstone Arts Centre
Cornerstone is a fun and welcoming venue in Didcot, just opposite the cinema in the new town square. There are…
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Welcome to Didcot Wave and Gym – an extremely popular leisure centre that boasts a wave machine, indoor flume ride…
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Willowbrook Leisure Centre, managed by SOLL Leisure, offers; An air conditioned gym with Life Fitness and Technogym equipment, Dance studio offering…
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3月9日のまにら新聞から
Duterte orders gov't agencies to join in enforcing program to cut poverty incidence
［ 205 words｜2019.3.9｜英字 ］
President Rodrigo Duterte has directed all the concerned government agencies to support and actively participate in implementing "Sambayanihan: Serbisyong Sambayanan," a program, which aims to cut poverty incidence in the country.
Sambayanihan is a program intended to carry out the directive of the President to reduce poverty incidence in the country by 7.6 percent by year 2022, according to Memorandum Circular No. 59, which Executive Secretary Salvador Medialdea signed on March 6 by the authority of the President.
The Sambayanihan, its caravan and other component programs seek to provide a venue for inter-agency collaboration at the provincial and municipal levels to address the root causes of poverty.
"To ensure a 'whole-of-government' approach to poverty alleviation and widest deployment of basic social services to our poorest communities, all government agencies and instrumentalities, including government-owned or -controlled corporations, are hereby directed to support, participate and provide the necessary assistance, consistent with their respective mandates, to the NAPC (National Anti-Poverty Commission) in the implementation of the Sambayanihan, its Caravan and component programs, subject to existing laws, rules and issuances, inclduing budgetary policies and regulations," Medialdea said.
Latest available data by the Philippine Statistics Authority showed that in 2015, poverty incidence among Filipinos was estimated at 21.6 percent. Celerina Monte/DMS
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Moore Television
moore tv menu
Geoff Moore
PETER YORK’S HIPSTER HANDBOOK– presented by style guru Peter York, this is a guide to all things hipster. What is a hipster? Where does the look – and the beard! – come from? What does it all mean? This journey through the world of hipster reveals all, and explains why big business is finally on to them. Produced in association with Mentorn Media. Scheduled for transmission Autumn 2016. BBC4
ALPHA – WILL IT CHANGE THEIR LIVES?– presented by Sir David Frost. Over 2 million people have done an Alpha course in Britain, many more worldwide. It’s proved extremely successful as a way of introducing people to Christianity. This series follows the progress of ten young people doing Alpha for the first time. Alpha has shown it can change people’s lives. But will it change the lives of our ten? ITV1
IT’S MY LIFE– presented by Terry Christian. Terry and a studio audience of young people explore many of the more difficult issues facing young people today – sexual behaviour, parents and relationships, getting a job, drugs & alcohol and religion. Guests include Terry Waite, Andy Burnham, Bez, Tony Wilson, Tessa Jowell. ITV1
PARADISE FOUND– stars from the world of showbiz escape the pressures of fame by spending a week on retreat, for a period of peace, reflection and contemplation – an attempt to rediscover their inner selves and possibly find faith. Featuring; Matthew Kelly, William Roache, Toyah Wilcox, Lynda Bellingham, Julia Carling, Cheryl Baker, Margi Clarke, Shirley-Ann Field, Diane Louise-Jordan, Mike Read. ITV1
THE SEARCHERS Our cameras follow the progress of seven teenagers who are searching for answers to some of life’s key questions. Who am I? Where am I going in life? Is there more to life than this? They’ve signed up for Workout, a 10 week course which introduces Christianity to non-believers. How will our group react? Will any of them be drawn to faith? ITV1
HEAVEN KNOWS presented by Paul Coia. A fast moving multi-faith religious knowledge quiz. Two teams, representing towns and cities from all over the UK, and with team members from a variety of religious backgrounds, compete over six demanding rounds. A real test of knowledge of the world’s religions. Filmed in front of a live studio audience. ITV1
Not forgetting….CLOSE TO THE EDGE (Granada), HEARTS AND MINDS (ITV), MORNING SURGERY (BBC1), WHATEVER HAPPENED TO…? (BBC1)
Follow @mooretelevision
Moore Television @2016
Award winning TV production company Northwest. Entertainment, religious, news and documentary programmes Nortwest, Manchester, Cheshire
Site designed by www.anadditionalpairofhands.co.uk web design cheshire.
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Buena Vista, MI
0 Condos
2 Single Families
Homes For Sale in Buena Vista, MI
2 homes for sale
Buena Vista Overview
There were 2,905 households out of which 35.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.5% were married couples living together, 31.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.5% were non-families. 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average...
Learn more about Buena Vista
New Single Family Homes for Sale in Buena Vista, MI
4842 Eva Dr
Buena Vista, MI 48601
Posted 8 months, 6 days ago
3 Bedrooms, 1 Baths, Single Family for sale in Buena Vista, Michigan
Ranch style home with full basement, detached garage and deep lot with mature trees. Buyer will need a Proof of Funds to submit will offers.
Listing #61031380096
3321 Walters
Brick ranch style home with attached garage. Large lot with mature trees. Patio area. Buyer must have a Proof of funds to submit offer.
more Homes For Sale in Buena Vista MI
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Looking for rental agencies, movers, mortgage brokers, or contractors in Buena Vista? Conveniently find local businesses who can help you with fixing your house, advise you on legal issues, home appraisals, and more!
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Buena Vista, MI Single Family Real Estate Listings
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Buena Vista, MI Multi Family Real Estate Listings
2960 Welland Dr, Buena Vista, MI 48601
4842 Eva Dr, Buena Vista, MI 48601
3321 Walters, Buena Vista, MI 48601
2965 Burlington Drive, Buena Vista, MI 48601
3185 Walnut, Buena Vista, MI 48601
2210 Allison, Buena Vista, MI 48601
1015 25th, Buena Vista, MI 48601
520 24th St, Buena Vista, MI 48601
135 South Outer Drive, Buena Vista, MI 48601
630 29th, Buena Vista, MI 48601
1225 Butler, Buena Vista, MI 48601
2216 Allison St, Buena Vista, MI 48601
1690 Prospect, Buena Vista, MI 48601
4735 Washington, Buena Vista, MI 48601
3386 Wadsworth, Buena Vista, MI 48601
4855 Indiantown, Buena Vista, MI 48601
1180 Butler Rd, Buena Vista, MI 48601
1428 Outer Drive, Buena Vista, MI 48601
1931 Prospect St, Buena Vista, MI 48601
1860 Portsmouth, Buena Vista, MI 48601
5961 Janes, Buena Vista, MI 48601
1428 Outer Dr, Buena Vista, MI 48601
2950 Arlington, Buena Vista, MI 48601
2928 Walters Dr, Buena Vista, MI 48601
3381 Kirk, Buena Vista, MI 48601
3151 Fairview, Buena Vista, MI 48601
3009 Whittier, Buena Vista, MI 48601
1770 Mack Road, Buena Vista, MI 48601
2919 Perkins, Buena Vista, MI 48601
33137 Schoolcraft Rd. Livonia
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Home > Business > REITs, InvITs pick up steam; mutual funds pour in `12,000 crore in 2019
REITs, InvITs pick up steam; mutual funds pour in `12,000 crore in 2019
PTI12 Jan 2020 3:25 PM GMT
New Delhi: Emerging investment instruments REITs and InvITs seem to be finally catching investors' fancy, with mutual funds investing a whopping Rs 12,000 crore in such units in 2019.
Fund managers infused Rs 670 crore in real estate investment trusts (REITs) and Rs 11,347 crore in infrastructure investment trusts (InvITs) last year, according to the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi).
Mutual funds have increased their exposure in these investment avenues over the past one year. Investment by fund houses in REITs jumped to Rs 72.5 crore in December 2019 from a mere Rs 7 crore in January 2019, while the same in InvITs rose to Rs 948 crore from Rs 611 crore during the period under review.
Market experts believe that REITs could be a potential investment option giving good returns as interest of investors in the residential segment is declining due to inability to monetise assets and limited appreciation in property prices.
They further said that investment in InvITs may pick up in the coming months following Reserve Bank of India's decision to allow banks to lend to InvITs.
Sebi Chairman Ajay Tyagi, who had met scores of foreign investors in the US in October, said he saw keen interest from them in emerging areas such as REITs and InvITs.
During the meeting, the participants were enthusiastic about emerging areas such as REITs and InvITs, which have more than $10 billion asset size as on date.
Sebi first issued the guidelines for REITs and InvITs in 2014, and revised them in 2016 and 2017.
However, mutual funds, which are investment vehicles made up of a pool of funds collected from a large number of investors and invest in stocks, bonds, money market instruments and similar assets, were allowed to invest in REITs and InvITs in February 2017.
The move was part of the markets watchdog Sebi's effort to get more number of investors into such instruments.
Under the norms, a mutual fund has been permitted to invest only up to 5 per cent of its net asset value in units of a single issuer of alternative securities. The maximum allowed investment in alternative instruments by a single fund has been capped at 10 per cent.
Ever since Sebi introduced InvITs, markets witnessed the listing of two public InvITs -- IRB InvIT Fund and India Grid Trust. Three InvITs — IndInfravit Trust, India Infrastructure Trust, Oriental InfraTrust — were privately placed. On the other hand, Embassy Office Parks REIT is the only listed real estate investment trust.
Army jawan commits suicide in JK's Udhampur
Shraddha Kapoor excited to be working with Ranbir Kapoor in...
Two ministers inducted in Sonowal's Cabinet
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Something Gained, Something Lost on Fulton Street A selection of SAH's published work & appearances
Something Gained, Something Lost on Fulton Street
A Trinidadian man in the health food store tips his hat and says, “good night empress;” a Senegalese girl in the fabric store points me to a print she’s sure I’ll love; and further along Fulton Street, an Indian man gives me a handheld electric fan to fight the sweltering heat.
The warm community spirit on Fulton Street is contagious. Yet, as Bed-Stuy’s busiest commercial corridor, the strip still is in need of major changes before it will truly flourish as the neighborhood’s central economic organ.
Bed-Stuy Gateway Streetscape Enhancement Project, BSGSEP, together with the Mayor’s Office of Comprehensive Neighborhood Economic Development and the NYC Economic Development Corporation are embarking on those changes.
After six years in the making, the BSGSEP has begun its $10 million renovation efforts on the bustling thoroughfare. The one-mile stretch from Bedford Avenue to Troy Avenue is getting a makeover complete with sidewalk planters, bicycle racks, pavers, 144 new trees and information kiosks.
Another beautification in the works is an 8,000 square-foot plaza on the corner of Fulton and Marcy Avenue. Spearheaded by Restoration Plaza, the new pedestrian space will feature a tile mosaic, 2-foot granite planter for sitting, trees and flowerbeds.
This much-needed urban revitalization will undoubtedly play a role in facilitating Bed-Stuy’s gentrification, which raises the question, Is Fulton Street capable of urban renewal and development on its own? Or will a reliance on outside resources ultimately dictate the look, feel and direction of Fulton Street’s future?
The truth is, with gentrification and “urban renewal,” we can look forward to an entirely new culture on Fulton Street. Yes, we all want improvement, but at what cost? Furthermore, what can we do as a community to minimize that cost?
Let’s start with basic sanitary maintenance: No littering. In fact, let’s take it a step further: Why not allocate time to do weekly or even daily street cleaning? In this way, we can invest the money we spend on street-cleaning efforts on other more important things. When you see trash, pick it up; and when you see someone littering, call him or her out.
How about, start a “Bed-Stuy Alive” kickstarter campaign, and apply for grants to raise funds to see the changes we believe we deserve? Artists, church constituents, laborers, architects, designers etc., can sit down and figure out, “How can we build this place up with the people and things to which we already have access?”
Storeowners can invest in the physical appearance of their storefront by taking small steps with maintaining cleanliness; changing their decor and getting new paint jobs. And take it a step further by contacting the BID or talking to customers to find out what the community really needs. Find out why residents spend so much outside the community. Try to meet those needs even if it means re-thinking your business type.
But… maybe this is a nostalgic yearning for things to stay the same, when in fact, hard change is what’s needed and top dollar is the only way to get it. Maybe flagship stores are necessary to allow Bed-Stuy to compete with other parts of Brooklyn. Perhaps the current stores cannot reinvent themselves to cater to a shifting market.
Rolling up the Gates (RUG): Storefront Stroll — Organized byPratt Area Community Council and Bedford Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation, — recently took entrepreneur’s on a trolley ride to tour available storefronts along Fulton Street. The initiative had local financial and business resource organizations on hand, and detailed the benefits of starting a business in the area.
While changes to the Fulton streetscape, undoubtedly, will attract new businesses, hopefully, it also will give current business owners new incentive to invest in the appearances of their storefronts and also give the neighborhood a fighting chance.
Renovating Fulton Street will not only change the commercial strip, but also, will help direct the path of Bed-Stuy’s future. As diverse businesses move in, new tenants will move in, and their presence will bring even more businesses and private investments. As the neighborhood value increases, rent, property taxes, and cost of living will rise.
Do you look forward to a totally revised Fulton Street, or would you like to maintain some of the energy, the people and the stores who contribute to Fulton Street’s current vibrancy?
If you are one who cherishes the old, but looks forward to parts of the new, then we must work in unison to alleviate plight– a burden that should be shared by the entire community, and not soley outside forces.
The bottom line is, if we rely on others to bring about change, what we feel and believe about the end results will no longer matter.
This piece originally appeared on Bed-Stuy Patch as a part of SAH’s column on gentrification entitled Change for a Dollar.
written by SAH in Gentrification, Short Reads
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Selma MCJROTC
Represents: Selma High School MCJROTC
Saint Thomas Academy
Represents: Saint Thomas Academy
Saint Thomas Academy (3 - 0) 1024 defeats Selma MCJROTC (2 - 1) 973
Saint Thomas Academy defeats Selma MCJROTC
Saint Thomas Academy defeated Selma MCJROTC 1024 to 973 in the National Air Rifle New Shooter League. Their second win in a row. With the win, Saint Thomas Academy is in fourth place overall. They currently have a 3 - 0 record. Saint Thomas Academy was led by, Joey Farrington who shot a 264. The remaining contributing members were Joe Brennen, Jack Martin, and Jack Fyten. Saint Thomas Academy is from Mendota Heights, MN, and is coached by Paul Preblich.
Selma MCJROTC currently has a 2 - 1 record. After the loss they are in sixteenth place overall. Shooting their highest team score of the season Selma MCJROTC was led by, Izaaih Cortez who shot a 270. The remaining contributing members were Sarah Arellano, Marco Leal, and Braulio Perez. Selma MCJROTC is from Selma, CA, and is coached by Mike Romero.
Next up Saint Thomas Academy will compete against West Broward AJROTC from Pembroke Pines, FL. West Broward AJROTC currently has a 3 - 1 record. While Selma MCJROTC will compete against Grant County AJROTC from Dry Ridge, KY. Grant County AJROTC currently has a 2 - 1 record.
Saint Thomas Academy team page: http://www.orionresults.com/team/LeagueTeam.aspx?TeamID=1065
Selma MCJROTC team page: http://www.orionresults.com/team/LeagueTeam.aspx?TeamID=1072
1 Saint Thomas Academy mendota heights, MN 371 - 15 325 - 1 337 - 4 1024 - 18
Farrington, Joey (103) 97 - 5 79 - 0 88 - 2 264 - 7
Brennen, Joe (110) 91 - 3 84 - 1 86 - 2 261 - 6
Martin, Jack (108) 94 - 5 77 - 0 84 - 0 255 - 5
Fyten, Jack (101) 84 - 0 85 - 0 75 - 0 244 - 0
Holmquist, Steve (102) 89 - 2 74 - 0 79 - 0 242 - 2
Kotok, Bennett (104) 87 - 1 66 - 0 78 - 0 231 - 1
Zauha, Eric (107) 85 - 1 68 - 1 56 - 0 209 - 2
Cooper, Conor (111) 75 - 0 66 - 0 65 - 0 206 - 0
2 Selma MCJROTC 369 - 11 271 - 1 333 - 6 973 - 18
Cortez, Izaaih (139) 95 - 2 81 - 1 94 - 5 270 - 8
Arellano, Sarah F (141) 91 - 4 66 - 0 89 - 0 246 - 4
Leal, Marco (143) 93 - 3 70 - 0 76 - 1 239 - 4
Perez, Braulio (142) 90 - 2 54 - 0 74 - 0 218 - 2
Munoz, Jacquelin (145) 54 - 0 29 - 0 37 - 0 120 - 0
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Search Results: 1 - 10 of 100 matches for " "
The forms trafficking in human beings
Mijalkovi？ Sa？a
Temida , 2005, DOI: 10.2298/tem0501033m
Abstract: Trafficking in human beings is an illegal act which interferes with the order foreseen by international regulations and national laws and endangers the values vital to society. However, all forms of human trafficking are not of the same danger to society and therefore do not represent the same risk, threat or danger to the safety of the state, society or individuals. In this paper, the author tends to classify the existing forms and aspects of trafficking in human beings as a manifestation in security practice in accordance with the level of social endangerment, geographical level of implementation, bio-physical characteristics of the victims, relation of the victim toward the position in which he/she finds himself/herself and the form of exploitation of the victim, including a short description of their most significant characteristics.
Atomic beings and the discovery of gravity [PDF]
George De Conto,Guilherme Franzmann
Abstract: We aim to bring a new perspective about some aspects of the current research in Cosmology. We start with a brief introduction about the main developments of the field in the last century; then we introduce an analogy that shall elucidate the main difficulties that observational sciences involve, which might be part of the issue related to some of the contemporary cosmological problems. The analogy investigates how microscopic beings could ever discover and understand gravitational phenomena.
Quantum bioethics: ethics for all beings
Siqueira-Batista,Rodrigo;
Ciência & Saúde Coletiva , 2008, DOI: 10.1590/S1413-81232008000300023
Abstract: the present paper introduces elements for conceiving ethics for all beings based on the idea of laic compassion.
Recognizing the trafficking in human beings victimization
Simeunovi？-Pati？ Biljana
Temida , 2008, DOI: 10.2298/tem0804069s
Abstract: In spite of relative prevalence of trafficking in human beings issues in the expert and general public discourse in recent years, recognition of victimization by various specialists that may come across with victims still is being estimated as unsatisfactory. Stereotypes about victims of trafficking in human beings are just one factor that imperils correct and prompt recognition of victims, i.e. victims' identification, as principal prerequisite of their protection and support. Today, there are various efforts to overcome that problem - primarily through the training of professionals and creating the identification guidelines, i.e. lists of indicators of trafficking in human beings victimization; however, these resolves only one part of the problem and reveal some new challenges at the same time.
Poemas de Miguel Hernández [cached]
José Cláudio de Almeida Abreu
Caligrama : Revista de Estudos Romanicos , 1981,
Abstract: Palavras-chave: Literatura espanhola; poesia; Miguel Hernandéz; tradu o; língua portuguesa. Keywords: Spanish literature; poetry; Miguel Hernandéz; translation; Portuguese.
A LINGUAGEM TRIDIMENSIONAL DE MIGUEL JORGE THE LANGUAGE OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL MIGUEL JORGE [cached]
Moema de Castro e Silva Olival
Signótica , 1987, DOI: 10.5216/sig.v1i1.7185
Abstract: A LINGUAGEM TRIDIMENSIONAL DE MIGUEL JORGE THE LANGUAGE OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL MIGUEL JORGE
SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF RABIES IN HUMAN BEINGS AND DOGS AT FAISALABAD
M. Obaidullah
The Professional Medical Journal , 1999,
Abstract: The monthly data of year 1998 of human beings and canine rabies in the city of Faisalabad was analyzed tostudy the seasonal occurrence of rabies. The study revealed an increase in the trend from October to Februaryas compared to other months of the year. The trend in occurrence of rabies in human beings and dogparalleled to each other.
The ‘Cimarrón’ in the archives: a re-reading of Miguel Barnet’s biography of Esteban Montejo
Michael Zeuske
New West Indian Guide , 1997,
Abstract: [First paragraph] "Aunque por supuesto nuestro trabajo no es historico (Miguel Barnet)" Apart from Manuel Moreno Fraginals's El ingenio, there is hardly any other book in Cuban historiography that has met with such wide circulation as Biografia de un cimarron by Miguel Barnet.1 It is, in spite of a series of contradictions, the classic in testimonio literature for contemporary studies on slavery as well as for the genre of historical slave narratives extending far beyond Cuba. In particular the various new editions and translations, such as the English versions that have been published under the titles Autobiography of a Runaway Slave (Barnet 1968), Autobiography of a Runaway Slave (Esteban Montejo & Miguel Barnet 1993) or Biography of a Runaway Slave (Barnet 1994) and the discussion that Barnet's book stimulated bear witness to this position.2
The influence of the high voltage electrical lines on the living beings
Adriana Grava,Cristian Grava,Mircea Pantea,Laura Coroiu
Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering , 2008,
Abstract: In this paper, the effect of theelectromagnetic field on living beings is studied,especially those produced by the 110 kV abovegroundelectrical lines, which crosses the Beiusuluistreet of city Oradea, country Romania, in front of agroup of houses situated upon this street.
Study of Protein Binding of Levofloxacin in Human Beings [PDF]
Sheikh, M.A.,S. Khanum,A. Ahmad,T. Iqbal
Journal of Medical Sciences , 2001,
Abstract: Levofloxacin is a quinolone antimicrobial which acts through the inhibition of bacterial topoisomerases that has been developed mostly for clinical use in human medicine. Its protein binding was investigated in human beings under indigenous conditions. Drug concentration of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 g/ml were added to the plasma and binding of levofloxacin was determined by ultrafiltration and its concentration in ultrafiltrates was determined by microbiological assay. The binding of levofloxacin showed positive correlation between drug concentration and percentage bound drug and maximum binding was observed at 5 g/ml and 59% in human beings. The pH of plasma also affected the binding, being highest at 7.4 in human beings, and it was 53%. In vitro binding of levofloxacin was maximum at normal level of blood protein.
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PCTEST Partners with Anritsu to Offer PTCRB-Verified LTE Data Throughput Testing
FT 113 Performance Test Capability Now Available to Support the Wireless Device Ecosystem
Richardson, TX – January 5, 2016
Anritsu Company and PCTEST Engineering Laboratory, Inc. announce that PCTEST has acquired LTE data throughput test capability for the Anritsu ME7834L Mobile Device Test Platform (MDTP). RFT 113 data throughput tests installed on the ME7834L include both static and dynamic fading configurations across multiple LTE bands, with more than 60% of the test cases verified by PTCRB. Initial static tests were approved for release in September 2015, as the dynamic fading tests in RFT 113 are forecast to accelerate in early 2016 with their expected addition to the PTCRB certification requirements.
“As a PTCRB Accredited Test Lab, PCTEST has elevated its device performance testing capabilities by partnering with Anritsu and utilizing the ME7834L to conduct LTE Data Throughput test cases defined in the PTCRB RFT113,” said Randy Ortanez, President and Owner of PCTEST Engineering Laboratory. “Data throughput is a critical feature for users in today’s wireless networks, and we are pleased to offer manufacturers the opportunity to conduct device testing to verify the data throughput performance of new devices prior to their market introduction.”
“Anritsu is pleased to partner with PCTEST to support the industry’s LTE data throughput testing needs,” said Paul Innis, Vice President and General Manager of Anritsu Company. “PCTEST recognizes that Anritsu has been a leader in the rollout of the newest LTE categories with ever-increasing data rates. Anritsu will continue to introduce a wide range of wireless test solutions as part of our commitment to meet the needs of the wireless device ecosystem.”
The ME7834L MDTP is a scalable GCF, PTCRB, and carrier-validated test system that enables certification of LTE devices to industry and carrier standards. The ME7834L provides test coverage for 3GPP 36.523 and 37.901, as well as a wide portfolio of CAT test plans, including leading eMBMS coverage for a large North American operator. The ME7834L, as well as sister test platform ME7834LA, provide industry-leading LTE-Advanced coverage, including 2CA and 3CA test cases for both inter- and intra-band CA with MIMO.
About PCTEST Engineering Laboratory
PCTEST Lab is a leading independent test laboratory offering one-stop conformance, performance, and regulatory testing of wireless devices in accordance with industry and 3GPP/3GPP2 technical requirements, including RF, Protocol, RRM, Carrier Aggregation (CA) and carrier-specific test plans. PCTEST Lab is an approved CA & VoLTE Lab, LTE/CDMA Safe-For-Network (SFN) Lab, an Open Development Lab, an OTA Antenna Performance Lab, as well as an A-GPS test facility for major U.S. carriers including GCF and PTCRB certifications. For more information regarding PCTEST Lab’s test services, visit www.pctestlab.com.
About Anritsu
Anritsu Company is the United States subsidiary of Anritsu Corporation, a global provider of innovative communications test and measurement solutions for 120 years. Anritsu’s “2020 VISION” philosophy engages customers as true partners to help develop wireless, optical, microwave/RF, and digital instruments, as well as operation support systems for R&D, manufacturing, installation, and maintenance applications. Anritsu also provides precision microwave/RF components, optical devices, and high-speed electrical devices for communication products and systems. The company develops advanced solutions for 5G, M2M, IoT, as well as other emerging and legacy wireline and wireless communication markets. With offices throughout the world, Anritsu has approximately 4,000 employees in over 90 countries.
To learn more visit www.anritsu.com and follow Anritsu on Facebook, Google+, LinkedIn, Twitter, and YouTube.
This entry was posted on January 29, 2016 by PCTEST IT.
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Home Entertainment The Film Jimmy Vestvood Uses Satire to Dispel Misconceptions about Iranians
The Film Jimmy Vestvood Uses Satire to Dispel Misconceptions about Iranians
Chances are if you have heard the name Iran as of late, the dialogue may have also included the words, nuclear deal. It is a commonality with portrayals of Iran that many stereotypes have arisen. It is these stereotypes that Iranian American comedian Maz Jobrani is trying to dispel with his new satirical film, Jimmy Vestvood : Amerikan Hero. Jobrani, who plays the titular character, Jimmy, produced and co-wrote the film, currently in select theaters nationwide.
The 44-year old Iranian American comic Jobrani is as well known in the Persian community as George Lopez is in the Hispanic community. His decade-plus long standup comedy has poked fun at stereotypes about Middle Easterners and Persian cultural nuances. His new film Jimmy Vestvood aims to dispel platitudinous misconceptions about Iranians to an even broader audience. The film’s objective was to make a crossover to non-Iranians. At a recent screening in Irvine, Jobrani said to a mostly Iranian American audience, “We wanted to push the boundaries a bit. If you enjoyed the film go and tell all your Iranian and non-Iranian friends to see it. We wanted to make this film for everybody.”
Jimmy Vestvood : Amerikan Hero opens with Jimmy winning the Green Card Lottery in Iran. After this fortuitous circumstance he plans to move to L.A. with his tough loving mother (Vida Ghahremani). He celebrates his Green Card lottery by waving an American flag in the streets of Tehran, merrily dancing and singing in Farsi with his neighbors, “ I am going to America.” The beginning sequence is an homage to Jobrani’s comedic emphasis to deconstruct the notion that Middle Easterners are too rigid or un-celebratory. Unbeknownst to Jimmy, the flag that he is joyously waving accidentally catches on fire. He and his friends put out the fire that has haphazardly engulfed the flag by aggressively stomping on it. Meanwhile, an observer nearby is filming the street celebration with his smartphone. He continues filming while the group puts out the fire. The footage finds its way to Youtube where a news broadcast shows Jimmy waving and stomping on a burning American flag. He is mistakenly labeled in the broadcast as a possible terrorist.
Upon arriving in the States and enduring an interrogation at the airport, Jimmy takes a job as a security guard at a local Persian grocery store. His lifelong dream, however, was becoming a private investigator. A fantasy conjured up by watching American movies in Iran where private investigators were the heroes. In L.A., Jimmy lives modestly with his mother, who he also supports. Shortly after settling in with his new job and apartment, Jimmy finds himself in the middle of turmoil. A scheming political type (John Heard) approaches Jimmy with an offer to become a private investigator. Jimmy is unaware of his potential new employer’s malicious intentions to use Jimmy as part of his politically charged plan. Just as his P.I. dreams start to come alive does Jimmy Vestvood’s adventures in America truly begin.
Jobrani describes Jimmy Vestvood : Amerikan Hero as a cross between Pink Panther and Borat. He calls the character, “A lovable, bumbling idiot.” Maz Jobrani has built a career explaining how Middle Easterners aren’t all serious and can take many jokes. In his film Jimmy Vestvood, he shows they can also give many.
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Timeout on Friday
Swift wins some support in feud over label
Reuters | Published: 00:00, Nov 19,2019
Swift, 29, one of the best-selling names in pop music, said on social media that her performance as ‘artist of the decade’ at the American Music Awards in Los Angeles on Nov. 24 was ‘a question mark’ because her old record label had refused permission for her to sing a medley of her old hits on the show.
Big Machine Label Group, the Nashville, Tennessee-based company that owns the master recordings of Swift’s back catalog, hit back on Friday, saying the singer was giving out ‘false information’ and that the label has no right to limit her live performances.
Under her contract, Swift is not permitted to re-record material from her period with Big Machine until November 2020
Singer-songwriter Bareilles tweeted that the move by Big Machine was ‘an outrageous abuse of power and completely unforgivable’ while Gomez, a close friend of Swift, said in a social media post that she was ‘sick and extremely angry.’
Camila Cabello, Halsey and Tinashe also expressed support for Swift on Twitter but many other female stars, including Katy Perry, Adele, Lady Gaga, Rihanna, Cardi B and Beyonce, were silent on Friday.
Swift signed with Big Machine at age 15, recording some of her biggest hits including ‘Shake it Off,’ and ‘You Belong With Me,’ but left last November for Universal Music Group, a unit of French conglomerate Vivendi.
Swift has taken her disputes with Big Machine public before. In June, she tweeted that she was ‘sad and grossed out’ by the purchase of the independent label by Scooter Braun, who manages Justin Bieber and Ariana Grande. She also accused Braun of bullying her in the past.
In this week’s posts she accused Big Machine executives of exercising ‘tyrannical control’ over her music, and said they also had denied permission for her old songs to be included in an upcoming Netflix documentary in the works.
Big Machine claimed in a statement that Swift owed them ‘millions of dollars and multiple assets.’ That claim was denied by Swift’s publicist, Tree Paine, who said in a statement that Big Machine owed Swift $7.9 million in unpaid royalties.
‘Right now, my performance at the AMA’s, the Netflix documentary and any other recorded events I am planning to play until November of 2020 are a question mark,’ Swift wrote.
‘The message being sent to me is very clear,’ she added. ‘Basically be a good little girl and shut up. Or you’ll be punished.’
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The #MeeToo movement inspired women to raise voices
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Andrew Kishore needs more money for treatment
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Buy Issue 2582
Articles from this issue:
RURAL: Wheat industry needs market support sche
EDITORIAL: Regulating the casino economy
CANBERRA OBSERVED: PM moves to "reinvent" the Coalition
LABOR RELATIONS: Privatised workers win in Federal Court
WELFARE REVIEW: Less welfare, fewer recipients?
TRANSPORT: How Government policy is sinking Australia's shipping industry
INDUSTRY POLICY: Ten point plan for industry recovery
Batlow: another country town faces extinction
LIFE ISSUES: Anzac, Easter, and Baby J
GLOBALISATION: How technology and deregulation put society at risk
HEALTH:What's happened to blood supply safety?
FAMILY: Are we producing a generation of hyperactive zombies?
CUBA: Should Elian Gonzalez be returned to Cuba?
AFRICA: Zimbabwe violence discredits Mugabe
VIDEO: Thriller romp through mythical age
BOOKS: Alistair Cooke: the biography, by Nick Clarke
Books: The re-education of old Donald: 'Into the Open: Memoirs 1958-1999', by Donald Horne
Books promotion page
Regulating the casino economy
by Peter Westmore
News Weekly, May 6, 2000
Shortly after last year's defeat of Victorian Premier, Jeff Kennett, who had transformed Victoria into the gambling capital of Australia, the Prime Minister voiced concern at the growing social problems caused by the nationwide explosion of gambling facilities (particularly the growth of casinos and poker machines), which currently yield some $4 billion a year to states and territories.
Recently Mr Howard asked the states to impose a 12 month moratorium on issuing new internet gambling licences.
All states except Western Australia and New South Wales refused, reportedly because the Federal government did not propose to compensate the states and territories for winding back the number of poker machines, nor bar access to on-line gambling facilities located overseas.
While the Federal Government has shown some awareness of the social consequences of uncontrolled gambling, it is ironic that no similar recognition is given to a much bigger gambling danger, the stock market.
Over recent months, companies like E-trade and the Commonwealth Bank have spent large amounts of money to persuade ordinary people to set up internet accounts to speculate on the stock exchange.
Casino capitalism
In recent weeks, casino capitalism's stock market roller coaster ride has seen billions "lost" and "won" overnight. It has been not just the big financial institutions that have driven the stockmarket up and down.
By their hundreds of thousands, people at home on their computers have been able to trade in shares across the internet, gambling on a scale that dwarfs betting at casinos and poker machines, often with borrowed money.
Home savings accounts in the US and Australia are at record lows, while personal debt levels have soared to record levels in Australia.
Regardless of whether the current market turbulence ends in a correction or in something more serious, it demonstrates, yet again, the inherent instability of deregulated financial systems.
Since the mid-1970s, the post-War Bretton Woods agreement - instituted to stop a repeat of the Great Depression - has been steadily wound back. Billions, trillions of dollars can be now transferred in an instant from one country to another, across stock, bond and currency markets in the relentless search for maximum profits.
Since 1983, Australia has been at the forefront of financial market deregulation.
Yet history shows that unfettered financial markets are highly unstable - witness the 1987 crash on Wall Street, the 1989-90 collapse of the Japanese stock and property markets, the 1995 Mexico currency crisis, and what US economist Paul Krugman describes as the 1997 hedge fund-induced Asian meltdown.
In the face of recent crises, reserve banks have flooded the markets with credit and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has bailed out the Western creditors of the collapsed economies.
Following the 1987 Asian crisis, the IMF established a committee to examine reform of the international financial architecture.
The former US Federal Reserve Chairman, Paul Volcker, described the proposed IMF measures to curb foreign exposure of banks and tax revenues to gyrating short-term capital flows as being in the category of interior decoration rather than grand architectural redesign.
He said, "Intelligent supervision and regulation, accurate information more widely available, and disciplined professional behaviour free of corruption and cronyism should, in principle, improve the efficiency of markets. What I question is whether it is at all an adequate response to the seemingly repetitive and perhaps increasingly severe, pattern of international financial crises?"
The consequences of a major financial meltdown for Australia will be serious.
Australia's vulnerability stems from its huge foreign debt that followed financial deregulation, and the destruction of much of our manufacturing industry and the dire state of agriculture.
The most recent warning has come from the IMF. Its World Economic Outlook for 2000 tells Australia - along with the US, New Zealand and Latin America - that its foreign debt is "unsustainable."
Last year, the credit rating agency, Moody's, said that Australia's net foreign liability position is "already very large compared to other advanced countries".
Prior to the 1996 election, the Liberals were so concerned at the level of foreign debt that they ran a debt truck showing the minute-to-minute growth in the debt. Today Mr Howard and his Treasurer are upbeat about the economy and dismissive of the foreign debt.
In 1996, the foreign debt was $280 billion, now it is $350 billion. Then it was growing at $20 billion per annum; now it is rising at $30 billion annually.
Today, Australia has the dubious honour of having the largest current account deficit per head of population of the advanced OECD nations, except for New Zealand, just as we have the smallest manufacturing sector of the OECD nations except for Greece.
Perhaps the biggest gamblers are not the high rollers in Crown Casino's Mahogany Room, but the architects of Australia's casino economy in Canberra.
All you need to know about
the wider impact of transgenderism on society.
TRANSGENDER: one shade of grey, 353pp, $39.99
Join e-newsletter list
FOREIGN AFFAIRS Johnson to take UK out of the EU on January 31
VICTORIAN POLITICS Andrews hacks away at another way of life and source of jobs
COVER STORY A myriad transformations effected by one birth
CANBERRA OBSERVED Labor must own up to why it took the thrashing it got
THE QUEEN V PELL: A blight on the whole of the criminal justice system
FOREIGN AFFAIRS Hong Kong voters reject Beijing and its proxies
COVER STORY Wildfires: Lessons from the past not yet learnt
© Copyright NewsWeekly.com.au 2017
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1582 postsPage 60 of 1591 ... 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63 ... 159
by BoneSnapDeez Thu Apr 05, 2018 12:58 pm
alienjesus wrote:
BoneSnapDeez wrote: ah hell yeah gettin some WonderSwan Color up in hurr
Do you have one too? I only got it fairly recently and with a handful of games. Finding affordable games which are playable in English seems tough!
Yeah, and I have the three Final Fantasy games CIB.......... and that's it! I have a small wishlist and hope to get more stuff soon.
by ElkinFencer10 Thu Apr 05, 2018 4:12 pm
* denotes a replay
1. Phantasy Star Portable - PlayStation Portable - January 1
2. Middle-Earth: Shadow of War - Xbox One - January 9
3. Duck Tales - NES - January 10
4. Yakuza Kiwami - PlayStation 4 - January 14
5. Xuan-Yuan Sword: The Gate of Firmament - PlayStation 4 - January 20
6. Doki Doki Literature Club - Steam - January 20
7. Deep Space Waifu - Steam - January 21
8. Turok: Dinosaur Hunter - Steam - January 21
9. Duck Tales 2 - NES - January 22
10. TaleSpin - NES - January 22
11. Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers - NES - January 23
12. Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers 2 - NES - January 24
13. Global Defence Force - PlayStation 2 - January 24
14. Darkwing Duck - NES - January 25
15. Tiny Toon Adventures - NES - January 26
16. Poi - Steam - January 28
February (18 Games Beaten)
17. Galaxy on Fire 2 Full HD - Steam - February 3
18. Final Fantasy Legend - Game Boy - February 5
19. Valkyrie Drive Bhikkhuni - Vita - February 5
20. Super Little Acorns 3D Turbo - 3DS - February 8
21. Adventures in Equica: Unicorn Training - Android - February 8
22. Final Fantasy: Mystic Quest - SNES - February 10
23. X-COM: UFO Defense - Steam - February 14
24. Ys IV: The Dawn of Ys -TurboGrafx-CD - February 18
25. Army Men - Game Boy Color - February 19
26. Army Men 2 - Game Boy Color - February 19
27. Army Men: Air Combat - Game Boy Color - February 20
28. Hatsune Miku: Project DIVA 2nd - PlayStation Portable - February 22
29. Army Men: Sarge's Heroes 2 - Game Boy Color - February 22
30. Army Men Advance - Game Boy Advance - February 24
31. Dynasty Warriors Gundam Reborn - PlayStation 3 - February 25
32. Army Men: Operation Green - Game Boy Advance - February 26
33. A Night Out - PC - February 27
34. Army Men: Turf Wars - Game Boy Advance - February 27
March (10 Games Beaten)
35. Phantasy Star - Master System - March 10*
36. Grand Kingdom - PlayStation 4 - March 17
37. Bit.Trip Beat - Wii - March 18
38. Bit.Trip Core - Wii - March 18
39. Bit.Trip Void - Wii - March 18
40. Bit.Trip Runner - Wii - March 22
41. Bit.Trip Fate - Wii - March 22
42. Bit.Trip Flux - Wii - March 24
43. Bit.Trip Runner 2: Future Legend of Rhythm Alien - Wii U - March 25
44. My Nintendo Picross: Legend of Zelda - Twilight Princess - 3DS - March 28
April (1 Game Beaten)
45. Gundam Breaker 3 - PlayStation 4 - April 4
Bandai Namco has a bad habit of neglecting us Westerners when it comes to Gundam games. We've gotten several, but it seems like for every Gundam game that we get, there's three that we miss. Fortunately, a lot of games that don't make it out of Asia still end up having English subtitles in Chinese or general Asian releases. One such game is Gundam Breaker 3, and if you can get the Breaker Edition, you get all of the DLC on-disc since the PlayStation Store is locked based on your account's region.
The Gundam Breaker sub-series has a unique premise. Instead of flying giant robots in space fighting some war, you play as some random dude who likes to build Gunpla, the plastic Gundam models. These Gunpla models then interface with some VR-type machine and lets you battle other players' Gunplas. It provides, therefore, a much more light-hearted story than most Gundam games, but what it also allows for is much greater customization. Want the head of a Zaku II, the body of a GM, the arms of a Guntank, the legs of a Rick Dias, and the beam saber and beam rifle of a Zeta Gundam? Go for it. Want to attach seven Mega Particle Cannons to your chest and annihilate everything in your path a golden beam of justice? It's all you, man. Want all of that in a hot pink paintjob with black and electric blue accents? You got it. The customization options are nigh infinite, and you can merge plastic or even other components with your equipment to level it up, strengthening it and keeping it on par with increasingly difficult enemies.
The game's main story follows the Gunpla team of a small Japanese shopping arcade that's being pushed into obscurity by the encroaching monopolization of a massive American retail conglomerate. Your team takes part in Gunpla tournament to try to get the shopping arcade's name out there and bring in more customers to revitalize it. You play through the City Cup, the regional tournament, the Japan national tournament, and eventually even the world tournament. Then some plot stuff that I won't spoil happens. It's a fairly light-hearted story, and it's not exactly an exemplar of compelling storytelling, but it serves the purpose well enough. The game is broken into five chapters with roughly 13 missions in each chapter, but there are also online modes, arena battles, and, if you have the Breaker Edition, a good number of DLC missions to play.
Visually, the game looks absolutely fantastic. I'd love to have the Vita version to play and compare, but it looks glorious on PS4. Set your Gunpla's paint to metallic and high gloss, and it's like you're piloting a solid gold robot. If you're as tacky and gaudy as me, anyway. I guess you could give it normal colors, but what's the fun in that? The absolute highlight of the game in my opinion is the customization options. No two players will likely ever have exactly the same mobile suits, and with the merge feature, any mobile suit setup can be good if you put in the effort to craft it into the role you want. It gives the player total agency over his or her Gunpla, and that's EXACTLY what I've always wanted in a Gundam game - the ability to build whatever crazy ass Gundam I want.
Gundam Breaker 3 is an absolute gem of a Gundam game, but it's not perfect. The gameplay does get somewhat repetitive, and it's probably best played either with a friend or in short bursts, but it is still absolutely fantastic. It's not exactly cheap - roughly $60 for the Break Edition with English subtitles - but it's well worth it if your'e a fan of Gundam. I can't recommend this highly enough.
PresidentLeever
by PresidentLeever Thu Apr 05, 2018 5:43 pm
MrPopo wrote: I also do not understand why you and Ex rank Gun Hazard above Metal Warriors.
Gun Hazard isn't perfect; For example I dislike double tapping to dash and how you lose momentum after landing from a jump, and the first levels are pretty bland. But there's a lot more to it than the others - the hub map which lets you choose your own path, shopping and mech customization, stat development, better storytelling and sense of progression, cpu allies, etc. The attention to detail is better overall and the aesthetics are great too.
I recommend using a 6-button controller for Ranger X.
http://minirevver.weebly.com/ - Mini-reviews, retro vgm tribute, rom hacks, chip music, mockups, misc. lists
by MrPopo Thu Apr 05, 2018 9:12 pm
1. Ultima V - PC
2. Ultima VI - PC
3. Might and Magic VI - PC
4. Realms of Arkania: Blade of Destiny - PC
5. Pool of Radiance - PC
6. Curse of the Azure Bonds - PC
7. Secret of the Silver Blades - PC
8. Pools of Darkness - PC
9. Gateway to the Savage Frontier - PC
10. Treasures of the Savage Frontier - PC
11. Champions of Krynn - PC
12. Death Knights of Krynn - PC
13. Dark Queen of Krynn - PC
14. Into the Breach - PC
15. Lords of the Realm - PC
16. Dark Sun: Shattered Lands - PC
17. Lords of the Realm II - PC
18. The Alliance Alive - 3DS
19. Shattered Steel - PC
When you hear the name "Bioware", what do you think of? I bet it's RPGs with large amounts of party interaction and lots of critical acclaim. But what you may not have realized is that this was just the backup plan for the studio. Originally, they made mech games. Well, mech game is more appropriate, as they seem to have realized that they bit off more than they could chew as a new studio and then went and made Baldur's Gate instead, figuring it would be easier. As a result, Shattered Steel stands alone among their back catalog.
Shattered Steel came out around the same time as MechWarrior 2: Mercenaries. In it you pilot a bipedal, usually bird shaped mech on a series of missions against alien invaders of human colony worlds. These aliens are weird mixtures of biological and technological elements, and they tend to come in a couple of forms; your insectoid four legged walkers and your birdlike two legged walkers. While the human mechs are animal inspired, the aliens are much more intended to evoke the idea of them being actual animals. The game is a bit of mash up of ideas. From X-Wing it takes the idea of power management and you having a regenerating shield that is intended to take damage, whereas if you let your hull take hits you quickly die (though the game doesn't have subsystem damage like X-Wing). From MechWarrior 2 you have customization based on weight limits and slots. Every mech slots in a reactor (which affects regen rates of weapons) and a shield generator (shield strength), as well as a mount for a primary weapon. Then you have between one and four secondary slots, which is filled with missiles, mortars, and secondary cannons. Generally, the primary weapon has unlimited ammo (but it regenerates based on your reactor) while the secondary weapon is ammo based. The exceptions are that there are a couple of beam secondaries that regenerate shots and there is an ammo based primary (a chaingun). The total weight of all your gear must be under the weight limit of your particular mech type, and your max speed lowers the closer you get to your max equip weight.
One thing the game does that was novel was the ability to do terrain deformation. While you won't really see this til the later portion of the game (when you get sufficiently heavy ordinance), you can make divots in the terrain, and with the nuke a giant hole. This can be used tactically to trap enemies if it weren't easier to just shoot them straight up. It ends up serving as a curiosity more than anything, except in the very last mission where it's almost required to take out the last boss. Another interesting thing about how the game plays is that nearly every non-flying enemy is composed of legs, a body, and a head. For two legged mechs, destroying the legs is a kill, as well as destroying the body. For four legged mechs, destroying a leg doesn't affect them, so you need to kill the body. Destroying the head of either mechs removes all their weapons and leaves them helpless; this can be useful in some missions as living shields, as friendly fire is definitely on. The game does not use a throttle system like MechWarrior; instead you move forward and backwards and turn your legs left and right, then use the mouse to control the tip of your upper half and to torso twist (though you can't do a full 90 degree twist to one side, which makes circling much less effective as a tactic). Another somewhat weird mechanic is that as soon as you complete your mission objectives you can end the mission, even though you might be hip deep in enemies and about to die. It's treated as if you poof away when you quit.
Unfortunately, overall the game shows the inexperience of the studio. Some of the missions have piss poor balance (a base setup mission and the final mission), with some complication coming from the fact that you need to defend units while splash damage is huge, including from enemies dying. So you can do a great job of killing attacking enemies but they crash into the units you have to protect and you lose. There is also one mission very early on which uses triggers which are completely non obvious; the mission objective is to destroy three enemy spawners, but the spawners don't show up until specific initial enemy units are killed. So while you think you're doing a good thing by clearing the base initially (you have to defend it), you end up hurting yourself in the long run by doing so. You instead want to kill one unit, then the spawner it triggers, then come back and do the next unit. And you won't realize this happens. The weapon balance is also pretty wacky from the enemy side. The hitscan lightning weapon will tear your shields a new one, and you generally need to know an enemy with that weapon is there ahead of time until the very late game where you have an Atlas equivalent with giant guns that can kill it before it kills you while you're flat footed. It doesn't help that the lightning enemies are some of the highest armored enemies. Another thing that stands out is that all the energy regeneration mechanics and hit detection is based on your clock speed; if your machine runs too fast then there seems to be a rollover and the net result is you regenerate extremely slowly and you miss with half or more of your shots. You have to set a 486_slow CPU type in Dosbox to get things working right (and GOG does not set that for you). And even then one early game enemy is still a pain to hit (save your missiles for him and get that splash damage going).
I'd say this game is mostly a historical relic, and I wouldn't recommend it if you aren't a major mech fan who wants to be a completionist.
by Ack Fri Apr 06, 2018 8:33 am
I saw someone had beaten Shattered Steel and immediately wondered who had put themselves through pain. Then I saw it was Popo.
I was unaware of the clockspeed issue, which explains the trouble I had with the game. I tried playing it last year and managed to get through that spawner mission, but it definitely turned me off of the title in the process. The level designs just felt so frustrating, and I thought I was missing and getting my butt kicked purely due to balance issues. Shattered Steel does not hold one's hand whatsoever. I had no idea I was supposed to be killing specific enemies to trigger the spawns. That was never explained. And worse yet, when I focused on clearing the base, I managed to kill two of the required enemies and suddenly had two spawners spitting units onto the battlefield. I beat it and quit right then. Good on you for sticking with it, Popo, and figuring out things I never noticed.
1. Jungle Book (SNES)(Platformer)
2. Metal Combat: Falcon's Revenge (SNES)(Light Gun Shooter)
3. Might and Magic VI (PC)(RPG)
4. Revenant (PC)(RPG)
5. Neo Turf Masters (NGPC)(Sports)
6. Fatal Fury: First Contact (NGPC)(Fighter)
7. Pac-Man (NGPC)(Action)
8. Golden Axe (Genesis)(Hack and Slash)
9. Blood and Bacon (PC)(FPS)
10. Gain Ground (Genesis)(Strategy)
11. Flicky (Genesis)(Platformer)
12. Zombie Shooter 2 (PC)(Top-Down Shooter)
Sigma Team is a Russian game development group that specializes in two things: shooting aliens and shooting zombies. In the 2000s, they released a handful of games in their Alien Shooter and then Zombie Shooter series, along with a variety of expansions that added things like modes with high score attacks as you take on waves of enemies. But the core of their games generally involved picking a hero, plunging into some kind of facility, and getting better weapons and gear to lay waste to hordes of tougher and tougher opponents.
Now I've played through the Alien Shooters of the 2000s and now the Zombie Shooters, and one thing I have noticed is that over time the games became more ambitious, incorporating more and more RPG mechanics and bigger plots. The tech side also slowly but steadily improved, so while I found myself getting stuck on walls and debris often early on, it happened only twice in Zombie Shooter 2. This game from 2009 is the logical continuation and enhancement of a formula Sigma Team had been building from day 1, and I feel like it managed to successfully shine here far more than in any previous iteration.
I won't lie, there are serious problems with the plot, with the English language and voice acting, and some UI issues that keep this from going above and beyond. Also, it's the video game equivalent of cotton candy: good for a bit until dissolving. But sometimes I want mindless cotton candy, just as I want to reduce a horde of zombies to gibs and blood splatter with a minigun, and once you reach the final levels, there is a ton of that. It's satisfying watching the horde explode into gore, and here Sigma has succeeded in something that they hadn't quite attained in any previous releases.
Add in a couple of extra bonus modes for score challenges which focus on surviving as long as you can, and you have an entertaining piece of a game. Considering I bought this for less than $5 on GOG, I am more than happy with my experience. If you feel the need to go massacre the horses of marauding mutant undead, you could certainly do a lot worse than this.
by ElkinFencer10 Fri Apr 06, 2018 9:57 am
April (2 Games Beaten)
46. Night Trap - PlayStation 4 - April 5
Night Trap is both one of the most recognizable as well as one of the most infamous FMV games of the early 1990s. It was actually originally filmed in 1987 and planned for the Control-Vision, an unreleased game system that used VHS tapes rather than cartridges, but the footage was shelved until 1992 when it was revived for Sega CD. It was ported to 3DO a year later and to MS-DOS, Mac OS, and Sega 32x (still requiring Sega CD) a year after that. In 2017, a 25th Anniversary Edition that no one asked for (or really wanted) was released on Windows and PlayStation 4 with an Xbox One port coming at some point in the future.
The basic premise of Night Trap is that teenagers have started going missing around one particular house, and the SCAT (Sega/Special Control Attack Team) is planning an operation to investigate and bring those responsible to justice. To do this, they take control of the house's suspiciously elaborate camera and trap system and plant one of their own (bizarrely young) agents in with a group of teenagers staying in the house overnight. The player controls the six cameras as well as the traps and must activate the traps at the right time to catch the "Augers" (vampires) and keep the teenagers safe. Missing too many Augers will result in a game over (I think you get a game over at like 20 missed or something like that).
The reason for the game's relative notoriety is not that it's actually all that risque by today's standards but rather that it - along with Mortal Kombat - was the catalyst and major focal point of the Congressional hearings on video game violence spearheaded by Senator Joe Lieberman (CT-D) and Senator Herb Kohl (WI-D). The claim was that the game portrayed extreme violence and promoted sexual aggression against women. If you actually play the game, you'll see that the only "violence" is pretty mild, and the claims that it promotes sexual aggression against women is completely ridiculous (unless, of course, we're implying that pajamas are somehow inherently sexual). Folks today tend to remember the claims that the game was horribly offensive more than anything actually questionable or controversial in the game.
Given that the game uses film from the late 1980s, the video quality is obviously not great, but in my opinion, that's part of what makes it great. It's the most gloriously cheesy 80s thing I've ever played. The hair and outfits are both just dripping with the 80s, and the entire style and premise is the type of experimental "this is probably a bad idea but let's do it anyway" gameplay that games these days just don't attempt anymore. Despite all this, though, the game is actually really fun and addicting. In terms of overall quality, I only have two real complaints. There are times when you have to change the color code to control the traps, and you get the code you need by listening to dialogue between the homeowners' family in the right room at the right time. Unfortunately (as this really breaks my immersion), these code change dialogue clips are significantly lower audio quality than the rest of the recordings. The other issue is that there are major audio bugs usually resulting from pausing the game. Pausing the game several times to pee, get another Coke, answer a text, etc. led to my game's audio and video being a full five or six seconds out of sync by the end of the game. On my attempts where I didn't pause, though, I'd either have less than a second or only a second or two of sync issues by the end. It's not usually a big issue for the actual gameplay, but it's extremely irksome and kills your immersion.
The actual gameplay involves switching between six cameras in six different rooms of the house. There are often different clips with characters in multiple rooms at a single time, so if you really want to see and experience all of the glorious 80s cheese, you'll have to do multiple playthroughs. There are also six endings, so there is a bit of replay value here. You have to switch between the various rooms (this mechanic influenced the vastly inferior Five Nights at Freddy's, I think) and keep an eye out of Augers entering the house. When the Augers walk by a trap, you have to activate it at the right moment to catch them and keep the teenagers safe. There's a color coded bar to help you with your timing; it's green when no one's near the trap, yellow when someone is approaching the trap, and red when you need to activate the trap. There are a few instances when you can catch good guys in the traps accidentally, so you need to be careful with your timing (and, honestly, be willing to put up with a bit of trial and error).
Unfortunately, once you have seen all of the endings and such, there isn't a whole lot of reason to come back to the game. The timing and locations where the Augers appear are all set; the only thing at all random about the game is what color allows control of the traps. There is, however, a wave mode that I haven't personally tried out but seems to give some extra content for those who just can't get enough Night Trap. In addition to that and the main mode, there are some unlockables that you can access by beating the game under various conditions including Scene of the Crime, a prototype that was originally used to pitch the game's concept.
By today's standards, Night Trap is a pretty simple game. At the time, though, it was fairly revolutionary. It's not an amazing game, but it's definitely fun, and I thoroughly enjoyed my time with it and plan to revisit it later one (probably while drunk at a party). The various scenes that play throughout the game and trying to keep an eye out of Augers and time their capture right is a lot more fun than it sounds, and I was actually extremely surprised by how much I enjoyed the game. That said, while it's definitely a good game, I can't say that it's a "great" game. It does tend to get rather told relatively quickly, and there's isn't a whole lot of variety with it. While physical copies are a bit pricey - around $50 for PS4, $60 for Sega CD and CD 32X, and $80 for 3DO - you can get it digitally on PS4 or PC for $15, and I'd definitely say it's worth the $15 asking price.
by Ack Fri Apr 06, 2018 10:04 am
Nice, dude.
marurun
by marurun Fri Apr 06, 2018 10:34 am
I love how the one girl in the bathroom doesn't notice the obvious person in the shower. The REALLY obvious person in the shower. Who is ostensibly reflected in the mirror she's in front of.
B/S/T thread
My Classic Games Collection
The PC Engine Software Bible Forum, with Shoutbox chat - the new Internet home for PC Engine fandom.
BogusMeatFactory
Location: Farmington Hills, MI
by BogusMeatFactory Fri Apr 06, 2018 11:02 am
Elkin, this night trap review may be your best written review. You do a spectacular job of looking at the game and breaking it apart honestly and intuitively. It really is some strange, magical mess that is worth playing and beating. Folks need to check it out for the together retro this month!!!
Ack wrote: I don't know, chief, the haunting feeling of lust I feel whenever I look at your avatar makes me think it's real.
-I am the idiot that likes to have fun and be happy.
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Joel Dufresne Case
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Press-Enterprise Co. v. Superior Court
Puerto Rico v. Branstad
Rhode Island v. Innis
Richmond Newspapers, Inc. v. Virginia
Robinson v. California
Roth v. United States
Scales v. United States
Schad v. Borough of Mount Ephraim
Skinner v. Oklahoma ex rel. Williamson
Smith v. Goguen
South Dakota v. Opperman
Spence v. Washington
Stanley v. Georgia
Strauder v. West Virginia
Street v. New York
Taylor v. Louisiana
Thornhill v. Alabama
Ullmann v. United States
United States v. Armstrong
United States v. Bajakajian
United States v. Brewster
United States v. Calandra
United States v. Carolene Products Co
United States v. Darby
United States v. Guest
United States v. Kahn
United States v. Leon
United States v. Matlock
United States v. Mendenhall
United States v. Miller
United States v. O'Brien
United States v. Salerno
United States v. United States District Court
United States v. Watson
Waller v. Florida
Waller v. Georgia
Warden v. Hayden
Washington v. Chrisman
Watkins v. United States
Williams v. Florida
Yates v. United States
Younger v. Harris
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE: OPINIONS
Betts v. Brady
Brinegar v. United States
Florida v. J.L.
Johnson v. Louisiana
CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT: OPINIONS
Hudson v. McMillian
Powell v. Texas
Whitley v. Albers
Wilson v. Seiter
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: OPINIONS
DUE PROCESS: OPINIONS
Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health, Inc.
BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore
Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth
Fuentes v. Shevin
Goss v. Lopez
Harris v. McRae
Hudson v. Palmer
Kent v. Dulles
Muller v. Oregon
Nebbia v. New York
Paul v. Davis
Pennoyer v. Neff
Perry v. Sindermann
Rowan v. United States Post Office Department
Tyson & Brother v. Banton
Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co.
Washington v. Glucksberg
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish
Young v. American Mini Theatres
Youngberg v. Romeo
EIGHTH AMENDMENT: OPIONIONS
ELEVENTH AMENDMENT: OPINIONS
******** 99-1240
Alden v. Maine
Reno v. Condon
United States v. Peters
EVIDENCE: OPINIONS
EXTRADITION: OPINIONS
FAMOUS CONSTITUTIONAL LAW CASES
Abington School Dist. v. Schempp, 374 U.S. 203 (1963)
Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 U.S. 186 (1986)
Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954)
Buck v. Bell, 274 U.S. 200 (1927)
Calder v. Bull, 3 Dall. 386 (1798)
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge, 11 Pet. (13 U.S.) 420 (1837)
Dred Scott v. Sandford, 19 How. (60 U.S.) 393 (1857)
Epperson v. Arkansas, 393 U.S. 97 (1968)
Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64 (1938)
Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947)
Fletcher v. Peck, 6 Cranch (10 U.S.) 87 (1810)
Garcia v. SAMTA, 469 U.S. 528 (1985)
Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965)
Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971)
Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905)
Marbury v. Madison, 1 Cranch (5 U.S.) 137 (1803)
Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, 1 Wheat. (14 U.S.) 304 (1816)
McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. (4 Wheat.) 316 (1819)
Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390 (1923)
Minersville School District v. Gobitis, 310 U.S. 586 (1943)
Muller v. Oregon, 208 U.S. 412 (1908)
Munn v. Illinois, 4 Otto (94 U.S.) 113 (1876)
Nebbia v. New York, 291 U.S. 502 (1934)
NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., 301 U.S. 1 (1937)
Ogden v. Saunders, 12 Wheat. (25 U.S.) 213 (1827)
Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon, 260 U.S. 393 (1922)
Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 U.S. 510 (1925)
Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992)
Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896)
Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973)
Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935)
Sherbert v. Verner, 374 U.S. 398 (1963)
Slaughter-House Cases, 16 Wall. (83 U.S.) 36 (1873)
Stuart v. Laird, 1 Cranch (5 U.S.) 299 (1803)
Sturges v. Crowninshield, 4 Wheat. 122 (1819)
Swift v. Tyson, 16 Pet. (41 U.S.) 1 (1842)
The Civil Rights Cases, 109 U.S. 3 (1883)
United States v. Darby, 312 U.S. 100 (1941)
United States v. E.C. Knight Co., 156 U.S. 1 (1895)
United States v. Nixon, 418 U.S. 683 (1974)
West Coast Hotel v. Parrish, 300 U.S. 379 (1937)
West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943)
Wickard v. Filburn, 317 U.S. 111 (1942)
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579 (1952)(The Steel Seizure Case)
FEDERAL COURTS: OPINIONS
Ex parte Bakelite Corporation
Ex parte McCardle
Glidden Co. v. Zdanok
Illinois ex rel. McCollum v. Board of Education of School District
Katzenbach v. McClung
Martin v. Hunter's Lessee
Monroe v. Pape
Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway Co. v. Wallace
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. Button
Olmstead v. United States
Railroad Commission of Texas v. Pullman Company
Scott v. Sandford
Texas v. White
Willson v. Black Bird Creek Marsh Company
Worcester v. Georgia
Zemel v. Rusk
FIFTH AMENDMENT: OPINIONS
Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board
Berman v. Parker
Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff
Nollan v. California Coastal Commission
Palazzolo v. Rhode Island-99-2047
Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robins
Reno v. ACLU
Rust v. Sullivan
Slochower v. Board of Higher Education of New York City
United States. Railroad Retirement Board v. Fritz
FIRST AMENDMENT: OPINIONS
A Book Named "John Cleland's Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure" v. Attorney General of Massachusetts
Adler v. Board of Education of City of New York
Aguilar v. Felton
Amalgamated Food Employees Union Local 590 v. Logan Valley Plaza, Inc.
Barnes v. Glen Theatre, Inc.
Bates v. State Bar of Arizona
Bethel School Dist. No. 403 v. Fraser
Board of Airport Commissioners of the City of Los Angeles v. Jews for Jesus, Inc.
Board of Educ. v. Pico
Board of Education of Westside Community Schools v. Mergens By and Through Mergens
Board of Education v. Allen
Bond v. Floyd
Boos v. Barry
Bowen v. Roy
Boy Scouts of America v. Dale
Branzburg v. Hayes
Brown v. Hartlage
California Democratic Party v. Jones
Central Hudson Gas & Elec. Corp. v. Public Service Comm'n
Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye, Inc. v. City of Hialeah
Clark v. Community for Creative Nonviolence
Cohen v. Cowles Media Co.
Communist Party of Indiana v. Whitcomb
Connick v. Myers
Cornelius v. NAACP Legal Defense & Educ. Fund
County of Allegheny v. American Civil Liberties Union, Greater Pittsburgh Chapter
Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts
Edwards v. South Carolina
Employment Division v. Smith
Epperson v. Arkansas
Estate of Thornton v. Caldor, Inc.
Frisby v. Schultz
Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc.
Goldman v. Weinberger
Greer v. Spock
Grosjean v. American Press Co., Inc.
Heffron v. International Soc'y for Krishna Consciousness
Hobbie v. Unemployment Appeals Comm'n of Florida
Hustler Magazine, Inc. v. Falwell
International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Inc. v. Lee
Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson
Keyishian v. Board of Regents
Lamb's Chapel v. Center Moriches Union Free School District
Lee v. Weisman
Linmark Associates, Inc. v. Township of Willingboro
Lloyd Corp., Ltd. v. Tanner
Lynch v. Donnelly
Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Association
Marsh v. Chambers
Members of the City Council of the City of Los Angeles v. Taxpayers for Vincent
Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego
Milkovich v. Lorain Journal Co.
Mitchell v. Helms
Mueller v. Allen
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. Patterson
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
New York Times Co. v. United States
Pittsburgh Press Co. v. Pittsburgh Commission on Human Relations
Republican Party of Minnesota v. White
Rosenberger v. Rector & Visitors of the University of Virginia
Rosenbloom v. Metromedia
Rutan v. Republican Party of Illinois
Santa Fe Independent School Dist. v. Doe
Schenck v. United States
School District of Abington Township, Pennsylvania v. Schempp
School District v. Ball
Shelton v. Tucker
Sherbert v. Verner
Stromberg v. California
United States v. Eichman
Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church and State, Inc.
Wallace v. Jaffree
Ward v. Rock Against Racism
Whitney v. California
Wooley v. Maynard
Young v. American Mini Theatres, Inc.
Zelman v. Simmons-Harris
Zorach v. Clauson
FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT
Allied Structural Steel Co. v. Spannaus
Califano v. Goldfarb
City of Memphis v. Greene
Craig v. Boren
Dandridge v. Williams
Freeman v. Pitts
Grayned v. City of Rockford
Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections
Holden v. Hardy
Katzenbach v. Morgan
Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV Corp.
Lugar v. Edmondson Oil Co., Inc.
Mahan v. Howell
Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. v. Ward
Moose Lodge No. 107 v. Irvis
North Carolina State Board of Education v. Swann
Orr v. Orr
Palazzolo v. Rhode Island
Pennhurst State School and Hospital v. Halderman
Police Dep't of the City of Chicago v. Mosley
Reed v. Reed
Saenz v. Roe
Saint Francis College v. Al-Khazraji
Slaughterhouse Cases
United States v. Morrison
Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan
Board of Ed. of Independent School Dist. No. 92 v. Earls
City of Indianapolis v. Edmond
Kyllo v. United States
New Jersey v. T.L.O.
Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives' Association
United States v. Drayton
United States v. Ross
v. City of Lago Vista et al.
Wilson v. Layne
Bob Jones Univ. v. United States
McDaniel v. Paty
Selective Draft Law Cases
Stone v. Graham
Thomas v. Review Board of the Indiana Employment Security Division
Widmar v. Vincent
Wisconsin v. Yoder
Buckley v. Valeo
City of Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc.
Communist Party of the United States v. Subversive Activities Control Bd. No. 12
Cox v. Louisiana 379 u.s. 536
Hudgens v. National Labor Relations Board
Hutchinson v. Proxmire
Lehman v. City of Shaker Heights
Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. Claiborne Hardware Co.
Police Dep't v. Mosley
R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul
Rankin v. McPherson
Time, Inc. v. Firestone
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School Dist. 393
Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc.
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
Chisholm v. Georgia
Clinton v. Jones
Doe v. McMillan
Gravel v. United States
Harlow v. Fitzgerald
Kilbourn v. Thompson
Nixon v. Fitzgerald
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan and Trust Company
Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida
Marbury v. Madison 5 u.s. 137 (1803)
Martin v. Hunter's Lessee 14 u.s. 304 (1816)
Ballew v. Georgia 435 u.s. 223 (1978)
Batson v. Kentucky 476 u.s. 79 (1986)
Bumper v. North Carolina 391 u.s. 543 (1968)
Burch v. Louisiana 441 u.s. 130 (1979)
Duncan v. Louisiana 391 u.s. 145 (1968)
Ford v. Georgia 498 u.s. 411 (1991)
In re Debs 158 u.s. 564 (1895)
Jenkins v. Georgia 418 u.s. 153 (1974)
Lockhart v. McCree 476 u.s. 162 (1986)
Murphy v. Florida 421 u.s. 794 (1975)
Powers v. Ohio 499 u.s. 400 (1991)
South Carolina v. Gathers 490 u.s. 805 (1989)
Strauder v. West Virginia 100 u.s. 303 (1879)
Taylor v. Louisiana 419 u.s. 522 (1975)
United States v. Jackson 390 u.s. 570 (1968)
Williams v. Florida 399 u.s. 78 (1970)
Witherspoon v. Illinois 391 u.s. 510 (1968)
Frontiero v. Richardson 411 u.s. 677 (1973)
Loving v. Virginia 388 u.s. 1 (1967)
Orr v. Orr 440 u.s. 268 (1979)
MISC: OPINIONS
Adkins v. Children's Hospital
Allen v. Wright
AZ Free Enterprise, ET AL. v. Bennett, Ken, ET AL.
Bobby v. Dixon
Breard v. Greene
Cavazos v. Smith
Goodyear Luxembourg Tires v. Brown, Edgar D., ET AL.
Greene v. Fisher
J. McIntyre Machinery , LTD. v. Nicastro, Robert, ET UX.
KPMG LLP v. Cocchi
Leal Garcia v. Texas
Pliva, INC., ET AL. v. Mensing, Gladys
Schwarzenegger, Gov. of CA v. Entertainment Merchants, ET AL.
NATIONAL POWER
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Company (Rehearing)
Swift and Company v. United States
Prize Cases
NINTH AMENDMENT
OBSCENITY
City of Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc
Ex Parte Grossma
POLICE POWER
Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan
Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council
Whalen v. Roe
Dothard v. Rawlinson
Golan v. Holder
Hosanna-Tabor Church v. EEOC, ET AL.
Maples, Cory R. v. Maples, Interim Comm'r, AL DOC
Mims, Marcus D. v. Arrow Financial Services, LLC
Nat'l Meat Ass'n v. Brown, Att'y Gen. of CA, ET AL.
Pacific Operators Offshore v. Valladolid, Luisa L., ET AL.
Perry v. Perez
Reynolds, Billy J. v. United States
Ryburn v. Huff
United States v. Jones, Antoine
RIGHT TO A HEARING
Blum v. Yaretsky
Goldberg v. Kelly
Mathews v. Eldridge
Parham v. J.R.
RIGHT TO CONFRONT WITNESSES
Adams v. William
Illinois v. Gate
Luther v. Borden
The "Essays" by David Hume
The Executive Office of the President
The History of England Vol 1
Vol 1 (con't)
Vol 1 con't
The History of the Presidency
The Voice of "National Lifers of America" (Chapter 1026-A)
......Michigan's "Life Means Life" Parole Policy
Cost for Prisoners Make Rehabilitation Difficult
Dear Society
If We Must Die In Prison
Jim Crow
Michigan, PHS/Corizon Tortures Its Prisoners With Inadequate Medical Care
California: Jail Nurse Receives.....
Other PHS/Corizon Legal Suits
PLN Settles ........
My Cell, My Best Friend
My Name Is Life-Without Parole
Nothing Could Stop You, From Dying By The Gun
True Patriotism Lies in the Heart of America's Lifers
Timeline of Events in American Legal and Political History
Trials - Famous
"Mississippi Burning" Trial
Al Capone Trial
Bernhard Goetz Trial
Celia A Slave, Trial
Dr. Sam Sheppard Trials
Falwell v Flynt
John Scopes: The Monkey Trial
Leopold & Loeb Trial
Lincoln Assassination Conspirators Trial
Los Angeles Police Officers' Trials
Susan B. Anthony Trial
The "Chicago Seven" Trial
The "Negro Plot" Trials
The Alger Hiss Trial
The Amistad Case
The Black Sox Trial
The Boston Massacre Trials
The Carthage Conspiracy Trial
The Charles Guiteau Trial
The Charles Manson Trial
The Clinton Impeachment Trial
The Confidential Magazine Trial
The D. C. Stephenson Trial
The Dakota Conflict Trials
The Dan White Trial
The Daniel Ellsberg Trial-The Pentagon Papers
The Harry Thaw Trials
The Haymarket Riot Trial
The Impeachment Trial of Andrew Johnson
The John Hinckley Trial
The Lenny Bruce Trial
The Leo Frank Trial
The Leonard Peltier Trial
The Lindbergh Kidnapping Trial
The Lindy Chamberlain Trial
The Louis Riel Trial
The Massie Trials
The McMartin Preschool Abuse Trials
The Molly Magures Trials
The Mountain Meadows Massacre Trial
The My Lai Court-Martial
The Nelson Mandela Trial
The Nuremberg Trials
The O. J. Simpson Trial
The O.K. Corral Trial
The Oklahoma City Bombing Trial
The Patty Hearst Trial
The Ruby Ridge Trial
The Sacco & Vanzetti Trial
The Salem Witchcraft Trials
The Sweet Trials
The Trial of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
The Trial of Gaius Verres
The Trial of Galileo
The Trial of John Brown
The Trial of John Peter Zenger
The Trial of Lizzie Borden
The Trial of Martin Luther
The Trial of Oscar Wilde
The Trial of Sherriff Joseph Ship
The Trial of Sir Thomas More
The Trial of Zacarias Moussaoui
The Trials of "The Scottboro Boys"
The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Trial
Treason Trial of Aaron Burr
Trial of Socrates
William D. Haywood Trial
US Historical Documents
19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Women's Right to Vote (1920)
A Healing Question, by Sir Henry Vane
A Letter from Christopher Columbus to the King & Queen of Spain 1490's
Act to Establish Yellowstone National Park
Administration of Justice Act (1774)
Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)
American's Creed (1917)
Amerigo Vespucci’s Account of His First Voyage
An Act Respecting Alien Enemies (1798)
Annapolis Convention 1786
Annexation of the Hawaiian Islands
Appeal to Congress for Impartial Suffrage By Frederick Douglass 1867
Articles of Capitulation (1781)
Articles of Capitulation, Yorktown
Articles of Confederation 1777
Association of the Sons of Liberty in New York (1773)
August 6 Draft of the Constitution (1787)
Boston Non-Importation Agreement (1768)
Boston Port Act (1774)
Charles Pinckney's Plan (1787)
Charter of the United Nations (1945)
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
Common Sense 1776
Compromise of 1850 (1850)
Concord Hymn (1837)
Connecticut Colony Charter of 1662
Constitution of the Iroquois Nations
US Amendments
Convention Between the United States and the Republic of Panama
Dawes Act (1887)
Declaration of Independence 1776
Declaration of Rights and Grievances (1774)
Declaration of Sentiments (1848)
Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms 1775
Emancipation Proclamation 1864
Executive Order 9981: Desegregation of the Armed Forces (1948)
Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993
Farewell Address of President George Washington 1796
Federal Judiciary Act (1789)
Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906
First Thanksgiving Proclamation
Fugitive Slave Act (1850)
Fundamental Orders
Gettysburg Address 1863
Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death 1775
Hamilton's Opinion as to the Constitutionality of the Bank of the United States : 1791
Haskell’s Account of the Battle of Gettysburg
Hate Crimes Act
I Have a Dream Speech (1963)
James Madison's Notes of the Constitutional Convention
Jefferson's Secret Message to Congress Regarding the Lewis & Clark Expedition (1803)
Jefferson's Wall of Separation Letter (1802)
John Cabot’s Discovery of North America
Joint Address to Congress Leading to a Declaration of War Against Germany (1917)
Joint Address to Congress Leading to a Declaration of War Against Japan (1941
Joint Resolution to Provide for Annexing the Hawaiian Islands to the United States (1898)
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
Keating-Owen Child Labor Act of 1916 (1916)
Lee’s Farewell to His Army
Lemon Test (1971)
Letter from the Federal Convention President to the President of Congress, Transmitting the Constitution
Letter of Transmittal (1887)
Lincoln’s Letter to Mrs. Bixby
Magna Carta 1215
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Marshall Plan (1948
Massachusetts Government Act (1774)
McClellan's Letter to Lincoln on His Evacuation from the Penninsula Campaign 1862
McClellan's Letter to President Lincoln (1862)
Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence
Memorial and Remonstrance 1785
Miranda Warning (1966)
Missouri Compromise (1820)
Monroe Doctrine 1823
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Theodore Roosevelt's Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1905)
Morrill Act (1862)
Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862
National Interstate and Defense Highways Act (1956)
National Labor Relations Act (1935)
National Prohibition Act of 1919 (Volstead Act)
NATO Treaty (1949)
Northwest Ordinance 1787
Northwest Ordinance (1787)
nterstate Commerce Act of 1887
Opinion of Chief Justice Marshall, in the Case of McCulloch vs. the State of Maryland
Pacific Railway Act of 1862
Paris Peace Treaty of 1783
Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act
Pennsylvania - An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery, 1780
President Andrew Jackson's Message to Congress 'On Indian Removal' (1830)
President Barack Obama's Addresses
Barack H. Obama Address to Congress on Health Care (2009)
Barack Obama's Keynote Speech (2004)
President Barack H. Obama's 2010 State of the Union Address
President Obama's Address to the Nation on Bin Laden's Death
President Clinton's State of the Union Addresses
President William J. Clinton's 1996 State of the Union Address
President George W. Bush's Addresses
Address of President Bush on the start of strikes against Al Qaeda and the Taliban (2001)
Address of President Bush to a Joint Session of Congress and the Nation regarding the events of 11 September, 2001 (20 September, 2001)
Address of President Bush to Nation (11 September, 2001)
President Bush's Remarks at National Day of Prayer and Remembrance
President George W. Bush's 2002 State of the Union Address
President George W. Bush's Farewell Address
President George Washington's Farewell Address (1796)
President Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points (1918
Proclamation Declaring the Insurrection at an End
Proclamation of Amnesty
Proclamation of Neutrality 1793
Quartering Act (1774)
Quebec Act (1774)
Recognition of the Independence of Cuba
Report of the Hartford Convention (1815)
Resolutions of the Stamp Act 1765
Richard Henry Lee's Independence Resolution (1776)
Sedition Act of 1798
September 12 Draft of the Constitution (1787)
Servicemen's Readjustment Act (1944)
Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)
Social Security Act 1935
Social Security Act (1935)
Social Security Act Amendments (1965)
Speech of Benjamin Franklin (1787)
Stamp Act Congress — 1765
Star Spangled Banner 1814
Surrender of Germany (1945)
Surrender of Japan (1945)
Tennessee Valley Authority Act (1933)
Terms of Lee’s Surrender at Appomattox
Thanksgiving Proclamation 1789
The 1620 Charter OF Massachusetts Bay
The 1754 Albany Plan Of Union
The First State of the Union Address of President George Washington
The First Virgina Charter 1606
The Second Virgina Charter 1609
The Third Virgina Charter 1612
The Fundamental Orders Of Connecticut 1639
The Instrument of Government
The Letter of Columbus to Luis de Sant Angel Announcing His Discovery
The Original 13 states ratification documents
Connecticut's Ratification
Delaware's Ratification
Georgia's Ratification
Maryland's Ratification
Massachusetts's Ratification
New Hampshire's Ratification
New Jersey's Ratification
New York's Ratification
North Carolina's Ratification
Pennsylvania's Ratification
Rhode Island's Ratification
South Carolina's Ratification
Vermont's Ratification
Virginia's Ratification
The Report of the Annapolis Conference (1786)
The Virginia Declaration of Rights 1776
Transcript of Brown v. Board of Education (1954
Transcript of Emancipation Proclamation (1863)
Transcript of Louisiana Purchase Treaty (1803)
Treaty Between the United States and Tripoli (1797)
Treaty of Alliance with France (1778)
Treaty of Ghent (1814)
Treaty of Greenville 1795
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
Treaty with Great Britain
Treaty with Mexico
Treaty with Russia (Alaska Purchase)
Treaty with Spain (Cession of Porto Rico and the Philippines)
Treaty with the Six Nations
Truman Doctrine (1947)
United Nations Charter (1945)
US Patriot Act 2001
Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776)
Whiskey Rebellion (1794)
US Laws, Statutes, Legislation, Codes, Rules
Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure (Rule 1 to 22)
Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure (con't Rule 23 to 61)
Federal Rules of Evidence -- 2011
Gold Bullion Coin Act of 1985
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO)
US Firearms Legislature
US SUPREME COURT RULES (Parts I to V)
US Supreme Court Rules (Parts VI to VIII)
Virginia Joint Resolution 728 (2007)
US President Biographies
George Washington-early years
James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur
James Madison - early years
James Monroe - early years
John Adams-early life & political theory
John Quincy Adams-early career
Martin VanBuren
Thomas Jefferson-early years & retirement
William Henry Harrison and John Tyler
William Howard Taft
William J. Clinton
Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore
US Presidential Inaugural Addresses
First (1933), Second (1937), Third (1941), and Fourth (1945) Inaugural Address of Franklin D. Roosevelt
First Inaugural Address of President George Washington
Second Inaugural Address of President George Washington 1793
First Inaugural Address of Abraham Lincoln 1861
Second Inaugural Address of President Abraham Lincoln 1865
First Inaugural Address of Dwight D. Eisenhower 1953
Second Inaugural Address of Dwight D. Eisenhower 1957
First Inaugural Address of George W. Bush 2001
Second Inaugural Address of George W. Bush 2005
First Inaugural Address of Grover Cleveland 1885
Second Inaugural Address of Grover Cleveland 1893
First Inaugural Address of President Andrew Jackson 1829
Second Inaugural Address of President Andrew Jackson 1833
First Inaugural Address of President James Madison 1809
Second Inaugural Address of President James Madison 1813
First Inaugural Address of President James Monroe 1817
Second Inaugural Address of President James Monroe 1821
First Inaugural Address of President Thomas Jefferson 1801
The Second Inaugural Address of President Thomas Jefferson 1805
First Inaugural Address of President Ulysses S. Grant 1869
Second Inaugural Address of President Ulysses S. Grant 1873
First Inaugural Address of Richard Milhous Nixon 1969
Second Inaugural Address of Richard Milhous Nixon 1973
First Inaugural Address of Ronald Reagan 1981
Second Inaugural Address of Ronald Reagan 1985
First Inaugural Address of William J. Clinton 1993
Second Inaugural Address of William J. Clinton 1997
First Inaugural Address of William McKinley 1897
Second Inaugural Address of William McKinley 1901
First Inaugural Address of Woodrow Wilson 1913
Second Inaugural Address of Woodrow Wilson
Inaugural Address of Barack Obama 2009
Inaugural Address of Benjamin Harrison 1889
Inaugural Address of Franklin Pierce 1853
Inaugural Address of George Bush 1989
Inaugural Address of Harry S. Truman 1949
Inaugural Address of Herbert Hoover
Inaugural Address of James Buchanan 1857
Inaugural Address of James Knox Polk 1845
Inaugural Address of Jimmy Carter 1977
Inaugural Address of John F. Kennedy 1961
Inaugural Address of Lyndon Baines Johnson 1965
Inaugural Address of Martin Van Buren 1837
Inaugural Address of President John Adams 1797
Inaugural Address of President John Quincy Adams 1825
Inaugural Address of Rutherford B. Hayes 1877
Inaugural Address of Theodore Roosevelt 1905
Inaugural Address of Warren G. Harding 1921
Inaugural Address of William Henry Harrison 1841
Inaugural Address of William Howard Taft 1909
Inaugural Address of Zachary Taylor 1849
Wondering Why?
Miscellaneous Info and Books >
The Book of Northern Myths
PADRAIC COLUM
THE DWELLERS IN ASGARD
[Pg 3]
FAR AWAY AND LONG AGO
Once there was another Sun and another Moon; a different Sun and a different Moon from the ones we see now. Sol was the name of that Sun and Mani was the name of that Moon. But always behind Sol and Mani wolves went, a wolf behind each. The wolves caught on them at last and they devoured Sol and Mani. And then the world was in darkness and cold.
In those times the Gods lived, Odin and Thor, Hödur and Baldur, Tyr and Heimdall, Vidar and Vali, as well as Loki, the doer of good and the doer of evil. And the beautiful Goddesses were living then, Frigga, Freya, Nanna, Iduna, and Sif. But in the days when the Sun and Moon were destroyed the Gods were destroyed too—all the Gods except Baldur who had died before that time, Vidar and Vali, the sons of Odin, and Modi and Magni, the sons of Thor.[Pg 4]
At that time, too, there were men and women in the world. But before the Sun and the Moon were devoured and before the Gods were destroyed, terrible things happened in the world. Snow fell on the four corners of the earth and kept on falling for three seasons. Winds came and blew everything away. And the people of the world who had lived on in spite of the snow and the cold and the winds fought each other, brother killing brother, until all the people were destroyed.
Also there was another earth at that time, an earth green and beautiful. But the terrible winds that blew leveled down forests and hills and dwellings. Then fire came and burnt the earth. There was darkness, for the Sun and the Moon were devoured. The Gods had met with their doom. And the time in which all these things happened was called Ragnarök, the Twilight of the Gods.
Then a new Sun and a new Moon appeared and went traveling through the heavens; they were more lovely than Sol and Mani, and no wolves followed behind them in chase. The earth became green and beautiful again, and in a deep forest that the fire had not burnt a woman and a man wakened up. They had been hidden there by Odin and left to sleep during Ragnarök, the Twilight of the Gods.
Lif was the woman's name, and Lifthrasir was the man's. They moved through the world, and their children and their children's children made people for the new earth. And of the Gods were left Vidar and Vali, the sons of Odin, and Modi and Magni, the sons of Thor; on the[Pg 5] new earth Vidar and Vali found tablets that the older Gods had written on and had left there for them, tablets telling of all that had happened before Ragnarök, the Twilight of the Gods.
And the people who lived after Ragnarök, the Twilight of the Gods, were not troubled, as the people in the older days were troubled, by the terrible beings who had brought destruction upon the world and upon men and women, and who from the beginning had waged war upon the Gods.
THE BUILDING OF THE WALL
Always there had been war between the Giants and the Gods—between the Giants who would have destroyed the world and the race of men, and the Gods who would have protected the race of men and would have made the world more beautiful.
There are many stories to be told about the Gods, but the first one that should be told to you is the one about the building of their City.
The Gods had made their way up to the top of a high mountain and there they decided to build a great City for themselves that the Giants could never overthrow. The City they would call "Asgard," which means the Place of the Gods. They would build it on a beautiful plain that was on the top of that high mountain. And they wanted to[Pg 7] raise round their City the highest and strongest wall that had ever been built.
Now one day when they were beginning to build their halls and their palaces a strange being came to them. Odin, the Father of the Gods, went and spoke to him. "What dost thou want on the Mountain of the Gods?" he asked the Stranger.
"I know what is in the mind of the Gods," the Stranger said. "They would build a City here. I cannot build palaces, but I can build great walls that can never be overthrown. Let me build the wall round your City."
"How long will it take you to build a wall that will go round our City?" said the Father of the Gods.
"A year, O Odin," said the Stranger.
Now Odin knew that if a great wall could be built around it the Gods would not have to spend all their time defending their City, Asgard, from the Giants, and he knew that if Asgard were protected, he himself could go amongst men and teach them and help them. He thought that no payment the Stranger could ask would be too much for the building of that wall.
That day the Stranger came to the Council of the Gods, and he swore that in a year he would have the great wall built. Then Odin made oath that the Gods would give him what he asked in payment if the wall was finished to the last stone in a year from that day.
The Stranger went away and came back on the morrow. It was the first day of Summer when he started work. He brought no one to help him except a great horse.[Pg 8]
Now the Gods thought that this horse would do no more than drag blocks of stone for the building of the wall. But the horse did more than this. He set the stones in their places and mortared them together. And day and night and by light and dark the horse worked, and soon a great wall was rising round the palaces that the Gods themselves were building.
"What reward will the Stranger ask for the work he is doing for us?" the Gods asked one another.
Odin went to the Stranger. "We marvel at the work you and your horse are doing for us," he said. "No one can doubt that the great wall of Asgard will be built up by the first day of Summer. What reward do you claim? We would have it ready for you."
The Stranger turned from the work he was doing, leaving the great horse to pile up the blocks of stone. "O Father of the Gods," he said, "O Odin, the reward I shall ask for my work is the Sun and the Moon, and Freya, who watches over the flowers and grasses, for my wife."
Now when Odin heard this he was terribly angered, for the price the Stranger asked for his work was beyond all prices. He went amongst the other Gods who were then building their shining palaces within the great wall and he told them what reward the Stranger had asked. The Gods said, "Without the Sun and the Moon the world will wither away." And the Goddesses said, "Without Freya all will be gloom in Asgard."
They would have let the wall remain unbuilt rather than let the Stranger have the reward he claimed for build[Pg 9]ing it. But one who was in the company of the Gods spoke. He was Loki, a being who only half belonged to the Gods; his father was the Wind Giant. "Let the Stranger build the wall round Asgard," Loki said, "and I will find a way to make him give up the hard bargain he has made with the Gods. Go to him and tell him that the wall must be finished by the first day of Summer, and that if it is not finished to the last stone on that day the price he asks will not be given to him."
The Gods went to the Stranger and they told him that if the last stone was not laid on the wall on the first day of the Summer not Sol or Mani, the Sun and the Moon, nor Freya would be given him. And now they knew that the Stranger was one of the Giants.
The Giant and his great horse piled up the wall more quickly than before. At night, while the Giant slept, the horse worked on and on, hauling up stones and laying them on the wall with his great forefeet. And day by day the wall around Asgard grew higher and higher.
But the Gods had no joy in seeing that great wall rising higher and higher around their palaces. The Giant and his horse would finish the work by the first day of Summer, and then he would take the Sun and the Moon, Sol and Mani, and Freya away with him.
But Loki was not disturbed. He kept telling the Gods that he would find a way to prevent him from finishing his work, and thus he would make the Giant forfeit the terrible price he had led Odin to promise him.
It was three days to Summer time. All the wall was[Pg 10] finished except the gateway. Over the gateway a stone was still to be placed. And the Giant, before he went to sleep, bade his horse haul up a great block of stone so that they might put it above the gateway in the morning, and so finish the work two full days before Summer.
It happened to be a beautiful moonlit night. Svadilfare, the Giant's great horse, was hauling the largest stone he ever hauled when he saw a little mare come galloping toward him. The great horse had never seen so pretty a little mare and he looked at her with surprise.
"Svadilfare, slave," said the little mare to him and went frisking past.
Svadilfare put down the stone he was hauling and called to the little mare. She came back to him. "Why do you call me 'Svadilfare, slave'?" said the great horse.
"Because you have to work night and day for your master," said the little mare. "He keeps you working, working, working, and never lets you enjoy yourself. You dare not leave that stone down and come and play with me."
"Who told you I dare not do it?" said Svadilfare.
"I know you daren't do it," said the little mare, and she kicked up her heels and ran across the moonlit meadow.
Now the truth is that Svadilfare was tired of working day and night. When he saw the little mare go galloping off he became suddenly discontented. He left the stone he was hauling on the ground. He looked round and he saw the little mare looking back at him. He galloped after her.
He did not catch up on the little mare. She went on swiftly before him. On she went over the moonlit meadow,[Pg 11] turning and looking back now and again at the great Svadilfare, who came heavily after her. Down the mountainside the mare went, and Svadilfare, who now rejoiced in his liberty and in the freshness of the wind and in the smell of the flowers, still followed her. With the morning's light they came near a cave and the little mare went into it. They went through the cave. Then Svadilfare caught up on the little mare and the two went wandering together, the little mare telling Svadilfare stories of the Dwarfs and the Elves.
They came to a grove and they stayed together in it, the little mare playing so nicely with him that the great horse forgot all about time passing. And while they were in the grove the Giant was going up and down, searching for his great horse.
He had come to the wall in the morning, expecting to put the stone over the gateway and so finish his work. But the stone that was to be lifted up was not near him. He called for Svadilfare, but his great horse did not come. He went to search for him, and he searched all down the mountainside and he searched as far across the earth as the realm of the Giants. But he did not find Svadilfare.
The Gods saw the first day of Summer come and the gateway of the wall stand unfinished. They said to each other that if it were not finished by the evening they need not give Sol and Mani to the Giant, nor the maiden Freya to be his wife. The hours of the summer day went past and the Giant did not raise the stone over the gateway. In the evening he came before them.
"Your work is not finished," Odin said. "You forced us[Pg 12] to a hard bargain and now we need not keep it with you. You shall not be given Sol and Mani nor the maiden Freya."
"Only the wall I have built is so strong I would tear it down," said the Giant. He tried to throw down one of the palaces, but the Gods laid hands on him and thrust him outside the wall he had built. "Go, and trouble Asgard no more," Odin commanded.
Then Loki returned to Asgard. He told the Gods how he had transformed himself into a little mare and had led away Svadilfare, the Giant's great horse. And the Gods sat in their golden palaces behind the great wall and rejoiced that their City was now secure, and that no enemy could ever enter it or overthrow it. But Odin, the Father of the Gods, as he sat upon his throne was sad in his heart, sad that the Gods had got their wall built by a trick; that oaths had been broken, and that a blow had been struck in injustice in Asgard.
[Pg 13]
IDUNA AND HER APPLES:
HOW LOKI PUT THE GODS IN DANGER
In Asgard there was a garden, and in that garden there grew a tree, and on that tree there grew shining apples. Thou knowst, O well-loved one, that every day that passes makes us older and brings us to that day when we will be bent and feeble, gray-headed and weak-eyed. But those shining apples that grew in Asgard—they who ate of them every day grew never a day older, for the eating of the apples kept old age away.[Pg 14]
Iduna, the Goddess, tended the tree on which the shining apples grew. None would grow on the tree unless she was there to tend it. No one but Iduna might pluck the shining apples. Each morning she plucked them and left them in her basket and every day the Gods and Goddesses came to her garden that they might eat the shining apples and so stay for ever young.
Iduna never went from her garden. All day and every day she stayed in the garden or in her golden house beside it, and all day and every day she listened to Bragi, her husband, tell a story that never had an end. Ah, but a time came when Iduna and her apples were lost to Asgard, and the Gods and Goddesses felt old age approach them. How all that happened shall be told thee, O well beloved.
Odin, the Father of the Gods, often went into the land of men to watch over their doings. Once he took Loki with him, Loki, the doer of good and the doer of evil. For a long time they went traveling through the world of men. At last they came near Jötunheim, the realm of the Giants.
It was a bleak and empty region. There were no growing things there, not even trees with berries. There were no birds, there were no animals. As Odin, the Father of the Gods, and Loki, the doer of good and the doer of evil, went through this region hunger came upon them. But in all the land around they saw nothing that they could eat.
Loki, running here and running there, came at last upon a herd of wild cattle. Creeping up on them, he caught hold of a young bull and killed him. Then he cut up the flesh into strips of meat. He lighted a fire and put[Pg 15] the meat on spits to roast. While the meat was being cooked, Odin, the Father of the Gods, a little way off, sat thinking on the things he had seen in the world of men.
Loki made himself busy putting more and more logs on the fire. At last he called to Odin, and the Father of the Gods came and sat down near the fire to eat the meal.
But when the meat was taken off the cooking-spits and when Odin went to cut it, he found that it was still raw. He smiled at Loki for thinking the meat was cooked, and Loki, troubled that he had made a mistake, put the meat back, and put more logs upon the fire. Again Loki took the meat off the cooking-spits and called Odin to the meal.
Odin, when he took the meat that Loki brought him, found that it was as raw as if it had never been put upon the fire. "Is this a trick of yours, Loki?" he said.
Loki was so angry at the meat being uncooked that Odin saw he was playing no tricks. In his hunger he raged at the meat and he raged at the fire. Again he put the meat on the cooking-spits and put more logs on the fire. Every hour he would take up the meat, sure that it was now cooked, and every time he took it off Odin would find that the meat was as raw as the first time they took it off the fire.
Now Odin knew that the meat must be under some enchantment by the Giants. He stood up and went on his way, hungry but strong. Loki, however, would not leave the meat that he had put back on the fire. He would make it be cooked, he declared, and he would not leave that place hungry.
The dawn came and he took up the meat again. As he[Pg 16] was lifting it off the fire he heard a whirr of wings above his head. Looking up, he saw a mighty eagle, the largest eagle that ever appeared in the sky. The eagle circled round and round and came above Loki's head. "Canst thou not cook thy food?" the eagle screamed to him.
"I cannot cook it," said Loki.
"I will cook it for thee, if thou wilt give me a share," screamed the eagle.
"Come, then, and cook it for me," said Loki.
The eagle circled round until he was above the fire. Then flapping his great wings over it, he made the fire blaze and blaze. A heat that Loki had never felt before came from the burning logs. In a minute he drew the meat from the spits and found it was well cooked.
"My share, my share, give me my share," the eagle screamed at him. He flew down, and seizing on a large piece of meat instantly devoured it. He seized on another piece. Piece after piece he devoured until it looked as if Loki would be left with no meat for his meal.
As the eagle seized on the last piece Loki became angry indeed. Taking up the spit on which the meat had been cooked, he struck at the eagle. There was a clang as if he had struck some metal. The wood of the spit did not come away. It stuck to the breast of the eagle. But Loki did not let go his hold on the spit. Suddenly the eagle rose up in the air. Loki, who held to the spit that was fastened to the eagle's breast, was drawn up with him.
Before he knew what had happened Loki was miles and miles up in the air and the eagle was flying with him to[Pg 17]ward Jötunheim, the Realm of the Giants. And the eagle was screaming out, "Loki, friend Loki, I have thee at last. It was thou who didst cheat my brother of his reward for building the wall round Asgard. But, Loki, I have thee at last. Know now that Thiassi the Giant has captured thee, O Loki, most cunning of the dwellers in Asgard."
Thus the eagle screamed as he went flying with Loki toward Jötunheim, the Realm of the Giants. They passed over the river that divides Jötunheim from Midgard, the World of Men. And now Loki saw a terrible place beneath him, a land of ice and rock. Great mountains were there: they were lighted by neither sun nor moon, but by columns of fire thrown up now and again through cracks in the earth or out of the peaks of the mountains.
Over a great iceberg the eagle hovered. Suddenly he shook the spit from his breast and Loki fell down on the ice. The eagle screamed out to him, "Thou art in my power at last, O thou most cunning of all the Dwellers in Asgard." The eagle left Loki there and flew within a crack in the mountain.
Miserable indeed was Loki upon that iceberg. The cold was deadly. He could not die there, for he was one of the Dwellers in Asgard and death might not come to him that way. He might not die, but he felt bound to that iceberg with chains of cold.
After a day his captor came to him, not as an eagle this time, but in his own form, Thiassi the Giant.
"Wouldst thou leave thine iceberg, Loki," he said, "and return to thy pleasant place in Asgard? Thou dost delight[Pg 18] in Asgard, although only by one-half dost thou belong to the Gods. Thy father, Loki, was the Wind Giant."
"O that I might leave this iceberg," Loki said, with the tears freezing on his face.
"Thou mayst leave it when thou showest thyself ready to pay thy ransom to me," said Thiassi. "Thou wilt have to get me the shining apples that Iduna keeps in her basket."
"I cannot get Iduna's apples for thee, Thiassi," said Loki.
"Then stay upon the iceberg," said Thiassi the Giant. He went away and left Loki there with the terrible winds buffeting him as with blows of a hammer.
When Thiassi came again and spoke to him about his ransom, Loki said, "There is no way of getting the shining apples from Iduna."
"There must be some way, O cunning Loki," said the Giant.
"Iduna, although she guards well the shining apples, is simple-minded," said Loki. "It may be that I shall be able to get her to go outside the wall of Asgard. If she goes she will bring her shining apples with her, for she never lets them go out of her hand except when she gives them to the Gods and Goddesses to eat."
"Make it so that she will go beyond the wall of Asgard," said the Giant. "If she goes outside of the wall I shall get the apples from her. Swear by the World-Tree that thou wilt lure Iduna beyond the wall of Asgard. Swear it, Loki, and I shall let thee go."[Pg 19]
"I swear it by Ygdrassil, the World-Tree, that I will lure Iduna beyond the wall of Asgard if thou wilt take me off this iceberg," said Loki.
Then Thiassi changed himself into a mighty eagle, and taking Loki in his talons, he flew with him over the stream that divides Jötunheim, the Realm of the Giants, from Midgard, the World of Men. He left Loki on the ground of Midgard, and Loki then went on his way to Asgard.
Now Odin had already returned and he had told the Dwellers in Asgard of Loki's attempt to cook the enchanted meat. All laughed to think that Loki had been left hungry for all his cunning. Then when he came into Asgard looking so famished, they thought it was because Loki had had nothing to eat. They laughed at him more and more. But they brought him into the Feast Hall and they gave him the best of food with wine out of Odin's wine cup. When the feast was over the Dwellers in Asgard went to Iduna's garden as was their wont.
There sat Iduna in the golden house that opened on her garden. Had she been in the world of men, every one who saw her would have remembered their own innocence, seeing one who was so fair and good. She had eyes blue as the blue sky, and she smiled as if she were remembering lovely things she had seen or heard. The basket of shining apples was beside her.
To each God and Goddess Iduna gave a shining apple. Each one ate the apple given, rejoicing to think that they would never become a day older. Then Odin, the Father of the Gods, said the runes that were always said in praise[Pg 20] of Iduna, and the Dwellers in Asgard went out of Iduna's garden, each one going to his or her own shining house.
All went except Loki, the doer of good and the doer of evil. Loki sat in the garden, watching fair and simple Iduna. After a while she spoke to him and said, "Why dost thou still stay here, wise Loki?"
"To look well on thine apples," Loki said. "I am wondering if the apples I saw yesterday are really as shining as the apples that are in thy basket."
"There are no apples in the world as shining as mine," said Iduna.
"The apples I saw were more shining," said Loki. "Aye, and they smelled better, Iduna."
Iduna was troubled at what Loki, whom she deemed so wise, told her. Her eyes filled with tears that there might be more shining apples in the world than hers. "O Loki," she said, "it cannot be. No apples are more shining, and none smell so sweet, as the apples I pluck off the tree in my garden."
"Go, then, and see," said Loki. "Just outside Asgard is the tree that has the apples I saw. Thou, Iduna, dost never leave thy garden, and so thou dost not know what grows in the world. Go outside of Asgard and see."
"I will go, Loki," said Iduna, the fair and simple.
Iduna went outside the wall of Asgard. She went to the place Loki had told her that the apples grew in. But as she looked this way and that way, Iduna heard a whirr of wings above her. Looking up, she saw a mighty eagle, the largest eagle that had ever appeared in the sky.[Pg 21]
She drew back toward the gate of Asgard. Then the great eagle swooped down; Iduna felt herself lifted up, and then she was being carried away from Asgard, away, away; away over Midgard where men lived, away toward the rocks and snows of Jötunheim. Across the river that flows between the World of Men and the Realm of the Giants Iduna was borne. Then the eagle flew into a cleft in a mountain and Iduna was left in a cavernous hall lighted up by columns of fire that burst up from the earth.
The eagle loosened his grip on Iduna and she sank down on the ground of the cavern. The wings and the feathers fell from him and she saw her captor as a terrible Giant.
"Oh, why have you carried me off from Asgard and brought me to this place?" Iduna cried.
"That I might eat your shining apples, Iduna," said Thiassi the Giant.
"That will never be, for I will not give them to you," said Iduna.
"Give me the apples to eat, and I shall carry you back to Asgard."
"No, no, that cannot be. I have been trusted with the shining apples that I might give them to the Gods only."
"Then I shall take the apples from you," said Thiassi the Giant.
He took the basket out of her hands and opened it. But when he touched the apples they shriveled under his hands. He left them in the basket and he set the basket down, for he knew now that the apples would be no good[Pg 22] to him unless Iduna gave them to him with her own hands.
"You must stay with me here until you give me the shining apples," he said to her.
Then was poor Iduna frightened: she was frightened of the strange cave and frightened of the fire that kept bursting up out of the earth and she was frightened of the terrible Giant. But above all she was frightened to think of the evil that would fall upon the Dwellers in Asgard if she were not there to give them the shining apples to eat.
The Giant came to her again. But still Iduna would not give him the shining apples. And there in the cave she stayed, the Giant troubling her every day. And she grew more and more fearful as she saw in her dreams the Dwellers in Asgard go to her garden—go there, and not being given the shining apples, feel and see a change coming over themselves and over each other.
It was as Iduna saw it in her dreams. Every day the Dwellers in Asgard went to her garden—Odin and Thor, Hödur and Baldur, Tyr and Heimdall, Vidar and Vali, with Frigga, Freya, Nanna, and Sif. There was no one to pluck the apples of their tree. And a change began to come over the Gods and Goddesses.
They no longer walked lightly; their shoulders became bent; their eyes no longer were as bright as dewdrops. And when they looked upon one another they saw the change. Age was coming upon the Dwellers in Asgard.
They knew that the time would come when Frigga would be gray and old; when Sif's golden hair would fade; when Odin would no longer have his clear wisdom, and[Pg 23] when Thor would not have strength enough to raise and fling his thunderbolts. And the Dwellers in Asgard were saddened by this knowledge, and it seemed to them that all brightness had gone from their shining City.
Where was Iduna whose apples would give back youth and strength and beauty to the Dwellers in Asgard? The Gods had searched for her through the World of Men. No trace of her did they find. But now Odin, searching through his wisdom, saw a means to get knowledge of where Iduna was hidden.
He summoned his two ravens, Hugin and Munin, his two ravens that flew through the earth and through the Realm of the Giants and that knew all things that were past and all things that were to come. He summoned Hugin and Munin and they came, and one sat on his right shoulder and one sat on his left shoulder and they told him deep secrets: they told him of Thiassi and of his desire for the shining apples that the Dwellers in Asgard ate, and of Loki's deception of Iduna, the fair and simple.
What Odin learnt from his ravens was told in the Council of the Gods. Then Thor the Strong went to Loki and laid hands upon him. When Loki found himself in the grip of the strong God, he said, "What wouldst thou with me, O Thor?"
"I would hurl thee into a chasm in the ground and strike thee with my thunder," said the strong God. "It was thou who didst bring it about that Iduna went from Asgard."
"O Thor," said Loki, "do not crush me with thy thun[Pg 24]der. Let me stay in Asgard. I will strive to win Iduna back."
"The judgment of the Gods," said Thor, "is that thou, the cunning one, shouldst go to Jötunheim, and by thy craft win Iduna back from the Giants. Go or else I shall hurl thee into a chasm and crush thee with my thunder."
"I will go," said Loki.
From Frigga, the wife of Odin, Loki borrowed the dress of falcon feathers that she owned. He clad himself in it, and flew to Jötunheim in the form of a falcon.
He searched through Jötunheim until he found Thiassi's daughter, Skadi. He flew before Skadi and he let the Giant maid catch him and hold him as a pet. One day the Giant maid carried him into the cave where Iduna, the fair and simple, was held.
When Loki saw Iduna there he knew that part of his quest was ended. Now he had to get Iduna out of Jötunheim and away to Asgard. He stayed no more with the Giant maid, but flew up into the high rocks of the cave. Skadi wept for the flight of her pet, but she ceased to search and to call and went away from the cave.
Then Loki, the doer of good and the doer of evil, flew to where Iduna was sitting and spoke to her. Iduna, when she knew that one of the Dwellers in Asgard was near, wept with joy.
Loki told her what she was to do. By the power of a spell that was given him he was able to change her into the form of a sparrow. But before she did this she took the[Pg 25] shining apples out of her basket and flung them into places where the Giant would never find them.
Skadi, coming back to the cave, saw the falcon fly out with the sparrow beside him. She cried out to her father and the Giant knew that the falcon was Loki and the sparrow was Iduna. He changed himself into the form of a mighty eagle. By this time sparrow and falcon were out of sight, but Thiassi, knowing that he could make better flight than they, flew toward Asgard.
Soon he saw them. They flew with all the power they had, but the great wings of the eagle brought him nearer and nearer to them. The Dwellers in Asgard, standing on the wall, saw the falcon and the sparrow with the great eagle pursuing them. They knew who they were—Loki and Iduna with Thiassi in pursuit.
As they watched the eagle winging nearer and nearer, the Dwellers in Asgard were fearful that the falcon and the sparrow would be caught upon and that Iduna would be taken again by Thiassi. They lighted great fires upon the wall, knowing that Loki would find a way through the fires, bringing Iduna with him, but that Thiassi would not find a way.
The falcon and the sparrow flew toward the fires. Loki went between the flames and brought Iduna with him. And Thiassi, coming up to the fires and finding no way through, beat his wings against the flames. He fell down from the wall and the death that came to him afterwards was laid to Loki.[Pg 26]
Thus Iduna was brought back to Asgard. Once again she sat in the golden house that opened to her garden, once again she plucked the shining apples off the tree she tended, and once again she gave them to the Dwellers in Asgard. And the Dwellers in Asgard walked lightly again, and brightness came into their eyes and into their cheeks; age no more approached them; youth came back; light and joy were again in Asgard.
SIF'S GOLDEN HAIR:
HOW LOKI WROUGHT MISCHIEF IN ASGARD
All who dwelt in Asgard, the Æsir and the Asyniur, who were the Gods and the Goddesses, and the Vanir, who were the friends of the Gods and the Goddesses, were wroth with Loki. It was no wonder they were wroth with him, for he had let the Giant Thiassi carry off Iduna and her golden apples. Still, it must be told that the show they made of their wrath made Loki ready to do more mischief in Asgard.
One day he saw a chance to do mischief that made his heart rejoice. Sif, the wife of Thor, was lying asleep outside her house. Her beautiful golden hair flowed all round her. Loki knew how much Thor loved that shining hair, and how greatly Sif prized it because of Thor's love. Here[Pg 28] was his chance to do a great mischief. Smilingly, he took out his shears and he cut off the shining hair, every strand and every tress. She did not waken while her treasure was being taken from her. But Loki left Sif's head cropped and bare.
Thor was away from Asgard. Coming back to the City of the Gods, he went into his house. Sif, his wife, was not there to welcome him. He called to Sif, but no glad answer came from her. To the palaces of all the Gods and Goddesses Thor went, but in none of them did he find Sif, his golden-haired wife.
When he was coming back to his house he heard his name whispered. He stopped, and then a figure stole out from behind a stone. A veil covered her head, and Thor scarce knew that this was Sif, his wife. As he went to her she sobbed and sobbed. "O Thor, my husband," she said, "do not look upon me. I am ashamed that you should see me. I shall go from Asgard and from the company of the Gods and Goddesses, and I shall go down to Svartheim and live amongst the Dwarfs. I cannot bear that any of the Dwellers in Asgard should look upon me now."
"O Sif," cried Thor, "what has happened to change you?"
"I have lost the hair of my head," said Sif, "I have lost the beautiful golden hair that you, Thor, loved. You will not love me any more, and so I must go away, down to Svartheim and to the company of the Dwarfs. They are as ugly as I am now."
Then she took the veil off her head and Thor saw that[Pg 29] all her beautiful hair was gone. She stood before him, shamed and sorrowful, and he grew into a mighty rage. "Who was it did this to you, Sif?" he said. "I am Thor, the strongest of all the Dwellers in Asgard, and I shall see to it that all the powers the Gods possess will be used to get your fairness back. Come with me, Sif." And taking his wife's hand in his, Thor went off to the Council House where the Gods and the Goddesses were.
Sif covered her head with her veil, for she would not have the Gods and Goddesses look upon her shorn head. But from the anger in Thor's eyes all saw that the wrong done to Sif was great indeed. Then Thor told of the cutting of her beautiful hair. A whisper went round the Council House. "It was Loki did this—no one else in Asgard would have done a deed so shameful," one said to the other.
"Loki it was who did it," said Thor. "He has hidden himself, but I shall find him and I will slay him."
"Nay, not so, Thor," said Odin, the Father of the Gods. "Nay, no Dweller in Asgard may slay another. I shall summon Loki to come before us here. It is for you to make him (and remember that Loki is cunning and able to do many things) bring back to Sif the beauty of her golden hair."
Then the call of Odin, the call that all in Asgard have to harken to, went through the City of the Gods. Loki heard it, and he had to come from his hiding-place and enter the house where the Gods held their Council. And when he looked on Thor and saw the rage that was in his[Pg 30] eyes, and when he looked on Odin and saw the sternness in the face of the Father of the Gods, he knew that he would have to make amends for the shameful wrong he had done to Sif.
Said Odin, "There is a thing that you, Loki, have to do: Restore to Sif the beauty of her hair."
Loki looked at Odin, Loki looked at Thor, and he saw that what was said would have to be done. His quick mind searched to find a way of restoring to Sif the beauty of her golden hair.
"I shall do as you command, Odin All-Father," he said.
But before we tell you of what Loki did to restore the beauty of Sif's golden hair, we must tell you of the other beings besides the Gods and the Goddesses who were in the world at the time. First, there was the Vanir. When the Gods who were called the Æsir came to the mountain on which they built Asgard, they found other beings there. These were not wicked and ugly like the Giants; they were beautiful and friendly; the Vanir they were named.
Although they were beautiful and friendly the Vanir had no thought of making the world more beautiful or more happy. In that way they differed from the Æsir who had such a thought. The Æsir made peace with them, and they lived together in friendship, and the Vanir came to do things that helped the Æsir to make the world more beautiful and more happy. Freya, whom the Giant wanted to take away with the Sun and the Moon as a reward for the building of the wall round Asgard, was of the Vanir.[Pg 31] The other beings of the Vanir were Frey, who was the brother of Freya, and Niörd, who was their father.
On the earth below there were other beings—the dainty Elves, who danced and fluttered about, attending to the trees and flowers and grasses. The Vanir were permitted to rule over the Elves. Then below the earth, in caves and hollows, there was another race, the Dwarfs or Gnomes, little, twisted creatures, who were both wicked and ugly, but who were the best craftsmen in the world.
In the days when neither the Æsir nor the Vanir were friendly to him Loki used to go down to Svartheim, the Dwarfs' dwelling below the earth. And now that he was commanded to restore to Sif the beauty of her hair, Loki thought of help he might get from the Dwarfs.
Down, down, through the winding passages in the earth he went, and he came at last to where the Dwarfs who were most friendly to him were working in their forges. All the Dwarfs were master-smiths, and when he came upon his friends he found them working hammer and tongs, beating metals into many shapes. He watched them for a while and took note of the things they were making. One was a spear, so well balanced and made that it would hit whatever mark it was thrown at no matter how bad the aim the thrower had. The other was a boat that could sail on any sea, but that could be folded up so that it would go into one's pocket. The spear was called Gungnir and the boat was called Skidbladnir.
Loki made himself very agreeable to the Dwarfs, prais[Pg 32]ing their work and promising them things that only the Dwellers in Asgard could give, things that the Dwarfs longed to possess. He talked to them till the little, ugly folk thought that they would come to own Asgard and all that was in it.
At last Loki said to them, "Have you got a bar of fine gold that you can hammer into threads—into threads so fine that they will be like the hair of Sif, Thor's wife? Only the Dwarfs could make a thing so wonderful. Ah, there is the bar of gold. Hammer it into those fine threads, and the Gods themselves will be jealous of your work."
Flattered by Loki's speeches, the Dwarfs who were in the forge took up the bar of fine gold and flung it into the fire. Then taking it out and putting it upon their anvil they worked on the bar with their tiny hammers until they beat it into threads that were as fine as the hairs of one's head. But that was not enough. They had to be as fine as the hairs on Sif's head, and these were finer than anything else. They worked on the threads, over and over again, until they were as fine as the hairs on Sif's head. The threads were as bright as sunlight, and when Loki took up the mass of worked gold it flowed from his raised hand down on the ground. It was so fine that it could be put into his palm, and it was so light that a bird might not feel its weight.
Then Loki praised the Dwarfs more and more, and he made more and more promises to them. He charmed them all, although they were an unfriendly and a suspicious folk. And before he left them he asked them for the spear[Pg 33] and the boat he had seen them make, the spear Gungnir and the boat Skidbladnir. The Dwarfs gave him these things, though in a while after they wondered at themselves for giving them.
Back to Asgard Loki went. He walked into the Council House where the Dwellers in Asgard were gathered. He met the stern look in Odin's eyes and the rageful look in Thor's eyes with smiling good humor. "Off with thy veil, O Sif," he said. And when poor Sif took off her veil he put upon her shorn head the wonderful mass of gold he held in his palm. Over her shoulders the gold fell, fine, soft, and shining as her own hair. And the Æsir and the Asyniur, the Gods and the Goddesses, and the Van and Vana, when they saw Sif's head covered again with the shining web, laughed and clapped their hands in gladness. And the shining web held to Sif's head as if indeed it had roots and was growing there.
HOW BROCK BROUGHT JUDGMENT ON LOKI
It was then that Loki, with the wish of making the Æsir and the Vanir friendly to him once more, brought out the wonderful things he had gained from the Dwarfs—the spear Gungnir and the boat Skidbladnir. The Æsir and the Vanir marveled at things so wonderful. Loki gave the spear as a gift to Odin, and to Frey, who was chief of the Vanir, he gave the boat Skidbladnir.
All Asgard rejoiced that things so wonderful and so helpful had been brought to them. And Loki, who had made a great show in giving these gifts, said boastingly:
"None but the Dwarfs who work for me could make such things. There are other Dwarfs, but they are as unhandy as they are misshapen. The Dwarfs who are my[Pg 35] servants are the only ones who can make such wonders."
Now Loki in his boastfulness had said a foolish thing. There were other Dwarfs besides those who had worked for him, and one of these was there in Asgard. All unknown to Loki he stood in the shadow of Odin's seat, listening to what was being said. Now he went over to Loki, his little, unshapely form trembling with rage—Brock, the most spiteful of all the Dwarfs.
"Ha, Loki, you boaster," he roared, "you lie in your words. Sindri, my brother, who would scorn to serve you, is the best smith in Svartheim."
The Æsir and the Vanir laughed to see Loki outfaced by Brock the Dwarf in the middle of his boastfulness. As they laughed Loki grew angry.
"Be silent, Dwarf," he said, "your brother will know about smith's work when he goes to the Dwarfs who are my friends, and learns something from them."
"He learn from the Dwarfs who are your friends! My brother Sindri learn from the Dwarfs who are your friends!" Brock roared, in a greater rage than before. "The things you have brought out of Svartheim would not be noticed by the Æsir and the Vanir if they were put beside the things that my brother Sindri can make."
"Sometime we will try your brother Sindri and see what he can do," said Loki.
"Try now, try now," Brock shouted. "I'll wager my head against yours, Loki, that his work will make the Dwellers in Asgard laugh at your boasting."
"I will take your wager," said Loki. "My head against[Pg 36] yours. And glad will I be to see that ugly head of yours off your misshapen shoulders."
"The Æsir will judge whether my brother's work is not the best that ever came out of Svartheim. And they will see to it that you will pay your wager, Loki, the head off your shoulders. Will ye not sit in judgment, O Dwellers in Asgard?"
"We will sit in judgment," said the Æsir. Then, still full of rage, Brock the Dwarf went down to Svartheim, and to the place where his brother Sindri worked.
There was Sindri in his glowing forge, working with bellows and anvil and hammers beside him, and around him masses of metal—gold and silver, copper and iron. Brock told his tale, how he had wagered his head against Loki's that Sindri could make things more wonderful than the spear and the boat that Loki had brought into Asgard.
"You were right in what you said, my brother," said Sindri, "and you shall not lose your head to Loki. But the two of us must work at what I am going to forge. It will be your work to keep the fire so that it will neither blaze up nor die down for a single instant. If you can keep the fire as I tell you, we will forge a wonder. Now, brother, keep your hands upon the bellows, and keep the fire under your control."
Then into the fire Sindri threw, not a piece of metal, but a pig's skin. Brock kept his hands on the bellows, working it so that the fire neither died down nor blazed up for a single instant. And in the glowing fire the pigskin swelled itself into a strange shape.
But Brock was not left to work the bellows in peace. In[Pg 37] to the forge flew a gadfly. It lighted on Brock's hands and stung them. The Dwarf screamed with pain, but his hands still held the bellows, working it to keep the fire steady, for he knew that the gadfly was Loki, and that Loki was striving to spoil Sindri's work. Again the gadfly stung his hands, but Brock, although his hands felt as if they were pierced with hot irons, still worked the bellows so that the fire did not blaze up or die down for a single instant.
Sindri came and looked into the fire. Over the shape that was rising there he said words of magic. The gadfly had flown away, and Sindri bade his brother cease working. He took out the thing that had been shaped in the fire, and he worked over it with his hammer. It was a wonder indeed—a boar, all golden, that could fly through the air, and that shed light from its bristles as it flew. Brock forgot the pain in his hands and screamed with joy. "This is the greatest of wonders," he said. "The Dwellers in Asgard will have to give the judgment against Loki. I shall have Loki's head!"
But Sindri said, "The boar Golden Bristle may not be judged as great a wonder as the spear Gungnir or the boat Skidbladnir. We must make something more wonderful still. Work the bellows as before, brother, and do not let the fire die down or blaze up for a single instant."
Then Sindri took up a piece of gold that was so bright it lightened up the dark cavern that the Dwarfs worked in. He threw the piece of gold into the fire. Then he went to make ready something else and left Brock to work the bellows.
The gadfly flew in again. Brock did not know it was[Pg 38] there until it lighted on the back of his neck. It stung him till Brock felt the pain was wrenching him apart. But still he kept his hands on the bellows, working it so that the fire neither blazed up nor died down for a single instant. When Sindri came to look into the fire, Brock was not able to speak for pain.
Again Sindri said magic words over the gold that was being smelted in the fire. He took it out of the glow and worked it over on the main-anvil. Then in a while he showed Brock something that looked like the circle of their sun. "A splendid armring, my brother," he said. "An armring for a God's right arm. And this ring has hidden wonders. Every ninth night eight rings like itself will drop from this armring, for this is Draupnir, the Ring of Increase."
"To Odin, the Father of the Gods, the ring shall be given," said Brock. "And Odin will have to declare that nothing so wonderful or so profitable to the Gods was ever brought into Asgard. O Loki, cunning Loki, I shall have thy head in spite of thy tricks."
"Be not too hasty, brother," said Sindri. "What we have done so far is good. But better still must be the thing that will make the Dwellers in Asgard give the judgment that delivers Loki's head to thee. Work as before, brother, and do not let the fire blaze up or die down for a single instant."
This time Sindri threw into the fire a bar of iron. Then he went away to fetch the hammer that would shape it. Brock worked the bellows as before, but only his hands[Pg 39] were steady, for every other part of him was trembling with expectation of the gadfly's sting.
He saw the gadfly dart into the forge. He screamed as it flew round and round him, searching out a place where it might sting him most fearfully. It lighted down on his forehead, just between his eyes. The first sting it gave took the sight from his eyes. It stung again and Brock felt the blood flowing down. Darkness filled the cave. Brock tried to keep his hands steady on the bellows, but he did not know whether the fire was blazing up or dying down. He shouted and Sindri hurried up.
Sindri said the magic words over the thing that was in the fire. Then he drew it out. "An instant more," he said, "and the work would have been perfect. But because you let the fire die down for an instant the work is not as good as it might have been made." He took what was shaped in the fire to the main-anvil and worked over it. Then when Brock's eyesight came back to him he saw a great hammer, a hammer all of iron. The handle did not seem to be long enough to balance the head. This was because the fire had died down for an instant while it was being formed.
"The hammer is Miölnir," said Sindri, "and it is the greatest of the things that I am able to make. All in Asgard must rejoice to see this hammer. Thor only will be able to wield it. Now I am not afraid of the judgment that the Dwellers in Asgard will give."
"The Dwellers in Asgard will have to give judgment for us," Brock cried out. "They will have to give judg[Pg 40]ment for us, and the head of Loki, my tormentor, will be given me."
"No more wonderful or more profitable gifts than these have ever been brought into Asgard," Sindri said. "Thy head is saved, and thou wilt be able to take the head of Loki who was insolent to us. Bring it here, and we will throw it into the fire in the forge."
The Æsir and the Vanir were seated in the Council House of Asgard when a train of Dwarfs appeared before them. Brock came at the head of the train, and he was followed by a band of Dwarfs carrying things of great weight. Brock and his attendants stood round the throne of Odin, and hearkened to the words of the Father of the Gods.
"We know why you have come into Asgard from out of Svartheim," Odin said. "You have brought things wonderful and profitable to the Dwellers in Asgard. Let what you have brought be seen, Brock. If they are more wonderful and more useful than the things Loki has brought out of Svartheim, the spear Gungnir and the boat Skidbladnir, we will give judgment for you."
Then Brock commanded the Dwarfs who waited on him to show the Dwellers in Asgard the first of the wonders that Sindri had made. They brought out the boar, Golden Bristle. Round and round the Council House the boar flew, leaving a track of brightness. The Dwellers in Asgard said one to the other that this was a wonder indeed. But none would say that the boar was a better thing to have in Asgard than the spear that would hit the mark[Pg 41] no matter how badly it was flung, or the boat Skidbladnir that would sail on any sea, and that could be folded up so small that it would fit in any one's pocket: none would say that Golden Bristle was better than these wonders.
To Frey, who was Chief of the Vanir, Brock gave the wondrous boar.
Then the attending Dwarfs showed the armring that was as bright as the circle of the Sun. All admired the noble ring. And when it was told how every ninth night this ring dropped eight rings of gold that were like itself, the Dwellers in Asgard spoke aloud, all saying that Draupnir, the Ring of Increase, was a wonder indeed. Hearing their voices raised, Brock looked triumphantly at Loki who was standing there with his lips drawn closely together.
To Odin, the Father of the Gods, Brock gave the noble armring.
Then he commanded the attending Dwarfs to lay before Thor the hammer Miölnir. Thor took the hammer up and swung it around his head. As he did so he uttered a great cry. And the eyes of the Dwellers in Asgard lightened up when they saw Thor with the hammer Miölnir in his hands; their eyes lightened up and from their lips came the cry, "This is a wonder, a wonder indeed! With this hammer in his hand none can withstand Thor, our Champion. No greater thing has ever come into Asgard than the hammer Miölnir."
Then Odin, the Father of the Gods, spoke from his throne, giving judgment. "The hammer Miölnir that the Dwarf Brock has brought into Asgard is a thing wonder[Pg 42]ful indeed and profitable to the Gods. In Thor's hands it can crush mountains, and hurl the Giant race from the ramparts of Asgard. Sindri the Dwarf has forged a greater thing than the spear Gungnir and the boat Skidbladnir. There can be no other judgment."
Brock looked at Loki, showing his gnarled teeth. "Now, Loki, yield your head, yield your head," he cried.
"Do not ask such a thing," said Odin. "Put any other penalty on Loki for mocking you and tormenting you. Make him yield to you the greatest thing that it is in his power to give."
"Not so, not so," screamed Brock. "You Dwellers in Asgard would shield one another. But what of me? Loki would have taken my head had I lost the wager. Loki has lost his head to me. Let him kneel down now till I cut it off."
Loki came forward, smiling with closed lips. "I kneel before you, Dwarf," he said. "Take off my head. But be careful. Do not touch my neck. I did not bargain that you should touch my neck. If you do, I shall call upon the Dwellers in Asgard to punish you."
Brock drew back with a snarl. "Is this the judgment of the Gods?" he asked.
"The bargain you made, Brock," said Odin, "was an evil one, and all its evil consequences you must bear."
Brock, in a rage, looked upon Loki, and he saw that his lips were smiling. He stamped his feet and raged. Then he went up to Loki and said, "I may not take your head, but I can do something with your lips that mock me."[Pg 43]
"What would you do, Dwarf?" asked Thor.
"Sew Loki's lips together," said Brock, "so that he can do no more mischief with his talk. You Dwellers in Asgard cannot forbid me to do this. Down, Loki, on your knees before me."
Loki looked round on the Dwellers in Asgard and he saw that their judgment was that he must kneel before the Dwarf. He knelt down with a frown upon his brow. "Draw your lips together, Loki," said Brock. Loki drew his lips together while his eyes flashed fire. With an awl that he took from his belt Brock pierced Loki's lips. He took out a thong and tightened them together. Then in triumph the Dwarf looked on Loki.
"O Loki," he said, "you boasted that the Dwarfs who worked for you were better craftsmen than Sindri, my brother. Your words have been shown to be lies. And now you cannot boast for a while."
Then Brock the Dwarf, with great majesty, walked out of the Council House of Asgard, and the attending Dwarfs marched behind him in procession. Down the passages in the earth the Dwarfs went, singing the song of Brock's triumph over Loki. And in Svartheim it was told forever after how Sindri and Brock had prevailed.
In Asgard, now that Loki's lips were closed, there was peace and a respite from mischief. No one amongst the Æsir or the Vanir were sorry when Loki had to walk about in silence with his head bent low.
HOW FREYA GAINED HER NECKLACE AND
HOW HER LOVED ONE WAS LOST TO HER
Yes, Loki went through Asgard silent and with head bent, and the Dwellers in Asgard said one unto the other, "This will teach Loki to work no more mischief." They did not know that what Loki had done had sown the seeds of mischief and that these seeds were to sprout up and bring sorrow to the beautiful Vana Freya, to Freya whom the Giant wanted to carry off with the Sun and the Moon as payment for his building the wall around Asgard.
Freya had looked upon the wonders that Loki had brought into Asgard—the golden threads that were Sif's[Pg 45] hair, and Frey's boar that shed light from its bristles as it flew. The gleam of these golden things dazzled her, and made her dream in the day time and the night time of the wonders that she herself might possess. And often she thought, "What wonderful things the Three Giant Women would give me if I could bring myself to go to them on their mountaintop."
Long ere this, when the wall around their City was not yet built, and when the Gods had set up only the court with their twelve seats and the Hall that was for Odin and the Hall that was for the Goddesses, there had come into Asgard Three Giant Women.
They came after the Gods had set up a forge and had begun to work metal for their buildings. The metal they worked was pure gold. With gold they built Gladsheim, the Hall of Odin, and with gold they made all their dishes and household ware. Then was the Age of Gold, and the Gods did not grudge gold to anyone. Happy were the Gods then, and no shadow nor foreboding lay on Asgard.
But after the Three Giant Women came the Gods began to value gold and to hoard it. They played with it no more. And the happy innocence of their first days departed from them.
At last the Three were banished from Asgard. The Gods turned their thoughts from the hoarding of gold, and they built up their City, and they made themselves strong.
And now Freya, the lovely Vanir bride, thought upon the Giant Women and on the wonderful things of gold[Pg 46] they had flashed through their hands. But not to Odur, her husband, did she speak her thoughts; for Odur, more than any of the other dwellers in Asgard, was wont to think on the days of happy innocence, before gold came to be hoarded and valued. Odur would not have Freya go near the mountaintop where the Three had their high seat.
But Freya did not cease to think upon them and upon the things of gold they had. "Why should Odur know I went to them?" she said to herself. "No one will tell him. And what difference will it make if I go to them and gain some lovely thing for myself? I shall not love Odur the less because I go my own way for once."
Then one day she left their palace, leaving Odur, her husband, playing with their little child Hnossa. She left the palace and went down to the Earth. There she stayed for a while, tending the flowers that were her charge. After a while she asked the Elves to tell her where the mountain was on which the Three Giant Women stayed.
The Elves were frightened and would not tell her, although she was queen over them. She left them and stole down into the caves of the Dwarfs. It was they who showed her the way to the seat of the Giant Women, but before they showed her the way they made her feel shame and misery.
"We will show you the way if you stay with us here," said one of the Dwarfs.
"For how long would you have me stay?" said Freya.
"Until the cocks in Svartheim crow," said the Dwarfs, closing round her. "We want to know what the company of one of the Vanir is like." "I will stay," Freya said.[Pg 47]
Then one of the Dwarfs reached up and put his arms round her neck and kissed her with his ugly mouth. Freya tried to break away from them, but the Dwarfs held her. "You cannot go away from us now until the cocks of Svartheim crow," they said.
Then one and then another of the Dwarfs pressed up to her and kissed her. They made her sit down beside them on the heaps of skins they had. When she wept they screamed at her and beat her. One, when she would not kiss him on the mouth, bit her hands. So Freya stayed with the Dwarfs until the cocks of Svartheim crew.
They showed her the mountain on the top of which the Three banished from Asgard had their abode. The Giant Women sat overlooking the World of Men. "What would you have from us, wife of Odur?" one who was called Gulveig said to her.
"Alas! Now that I have found you I know that I should ask you for nought," Freya said.
"Speak, Vana," said the second of the Giant Women.
The third said nothing, but she held up in her hands a necklace of gold most curiously fashioned. "How bright it is!" Freya said. "There is shadow where you sit, women, but the necklace you hold makes brightness now. Oh, how I should joy to wear it!"
"It is the necklace Brisingamen," said the one who was called Gulveig.
"It is yours to wear, wife of Odur," said the one who held it in her hands.
Freya took the shining necklace and clasped it round her throat. She could not bring herself to thank the Giant[Pg 48] Women, for she saw that there was evil in their eyes. She made reverence to them, however, and she went from the mountain on which they sat overlooking the World of Men.
In a while she looked down and saw Brisingamen and her misery went from her. It was the most beautiful thing ever made by hands. None of the Asyniur and none other of the Vanir possessed a thing so beautiful. It made her more and more lovely, and Odur, she thought, would forgive her when he saw how beautiful and how happy Brisingamen made her.
She rose up from amongst the flowers and took leave of the slight Elves and she made her way into Asgard. All who greeted her looked long and with wonder upon the necklace that she wore. And into the eyes of the Goddesses there came a look of longing when they saw Brisingamen.
But Freya hardly stopped to speak to anyone. As swiftly as she could she made her way to her own palace. She would show herself to Odur and win his forgiveness. She entered her shining palace and called to him. No answer came. Her child, the little Hnossa, was on the floor, playing. Her mother took her in her arms, but the child, when she looked on Brisingamen, turned away crying.
Freya left Hnossa down and searched again for Odur. He was not in any part of their palace. She went into the houses of all who dwelt in Asgard, asking for tidings of him. None knew where he had gone to. At last Freya went back to their palace and waited and waited for Odur to return. But Odur did not come.[Pg 49]
One came to her. It was a Goddess, Odin's wife, the queenly Frigga. "You are waiting for Odur, your husband," Frigga said. "Ah, let me tell you Odur will not come to you here. He went, when for the sake of a shining thing you did what would make him unhappy. Odur has gone from Asgard and no one knows where to search for him."
"I will seek him outside of Asgard," Freya said. She wept no more, but she took the little child Hnossa and put her in Frigga's arms. Then she mounted her car that was drawn by two cats, and journeyed down from Asgard to Midgard, the Earth, to search for Odur her husband.
Year in and year out, and over all the Earth, Freya went searching and calling for the lost Odur. She went as far as the bounds of the Earth, where she could look over to Jötunheim, where dwelt the Giant who would have carried her off with the Sun and the Moon as payment for the building of the wall around Asgard. But in no place, from the end of the Rainbow Bifröst, that stretched from Asgard to the Earth, to the boundary of Jötunheim, did she find a trace of her husband Odur.
At last she turned her car toward Bifröst, the Rainbow Bridge that stretched from Midgard, the Earth, to Asgard, the Dwelling of the Gods. Heimdall, the Watcher for the Gods, guarded the Rainbow Bridge. To him Freya went with a half hope fluttering in her heart.
"O Heimdall," she cried, "O Heimdall, Watcher for the Gods, speak and tell me if you know where Odur is."
"Odur is in every place where the searcher has not[Pg 50] come; Odur is in every place that the searcher has left; those who seek him will never find Odur," said Heimdall, the Watcher for the Gods.
Then Freya stood on Bifröst and wept. Frigga, the queenly Goddess, heard the sound of her weeping, and came out of Asgard to comfort her.
"Ah, what comfort can you give me, Frigga?" cried Freya. "What comfort can you give me when Odur will never be found by one who searches for him?"
"Behold how your daughter, the child Hnossa, has grown," said Frigga. Freya looked up and saw a beautiful maiden standing on Bifröst, the Rainbow Bridge. She was young, more youthful than any of the Vanir or the Asyniur, and her face and her form were so lovely that all hearts became melted when they looked upon her.
And Freya was comforted in her loss. She followed Frigga across Bifröst, the Rainbow Bridge, and came once again into the City of the Gods. In her own palace in Asgard Freya dwelt with Hnossa, her child.
Still she wore round her neck Brisingamen, the necklace that lost her Odur. But now she wore it, not for its splendor, but as a sign of the wrong she had done. She weeps, and her tears become golden drops as they fall on the earth. And by poets who know her story she is called The Beautiful Lady in Tears.
HOW FREY WON GERDA, THE GIANT MAIDEN,
AND HOW HE LOST HIS MAGIC SWORD
Frey, chief of the Vanir, longed to have sight of his sister who had been from Asgard for so long. (You must know that this happened during the time when Freya was wandering through the world, seeking her husband, the lost Odur.) Now there was in Asgard a place from which one could overlook the world and have a glimpse of all who wandered there. That place was Hlidskjalf, Odin's lofty Watch-Tower.
High up into the blue of the air that Tower went. Frey came to it and he knew that Odin All-Father was not upon[Pg 52] Hlidskjalf. Only the two wolves, Geri and Freki, that crouched beside Odin's seat at the banquet, were there, and they stood in the way of Frey's entrance to the Tower. But Frey spoke to Geri and Freki in the language of the Gods, and Odin's wolves had to let him pass.
But, as he went up the steps within the Tower, Frey, chief of the Vanir, knew that he was doing a fateful thing. For none of the High Gods, not even Thor, the Defender of Asgard, nor Baldur, the Best-Beloved of the Gods, had ever climbed to the top of that Tower and seated themselves upon the All-Father's seat. "But if I could see my sister once I should be contented," said Frey to himself, "and no harm can come to me if I look out on the world."
He came to the top of Hlidskjalf. He seated himself on Odin's lofty seat. He looked out on the world. He saw Midgard, the World of Men, with its houses and towns, its farms and people. Beyond Midgard he saw Jötunheim, the Realm of the Giants, terrible with its dark mountains and its masses of snow and ice. He saw Freya as she went upon her wanderings, and he marked that her face was turned toward Asgard and that her steps were leading toward the City of the Gods. "I have contented myself by looking from Hlidskjalf," said Frey to himself, "and no harm has come to me."
But even as he spoke his gaze was drawn to a dwelling that stood in the middle of the ice and snow of Jötunheim. Long he gazed upon that dwelling without knowing why he looked that way. Then the door of the house was opened and a Giant maiden stood within the doorway. Frey gazed and gazed on her. So great was the beauty of[Pg 53] her face that it was like starlight in that dark land. She looked from the doorway of the house, and then turned and went within, shutting the door.
Frey sat on Odin's high seat for long. Then he went down the steps of the Tower and passed by the two wolves, Geri and Freki, that looked threateningly upon him. He went through Asgard, but he found no one to please him in the City of the Gods. That night sleep did not come to him, for his thoughts were fixed upon the loveliness of the Giant maid he had looked upon. And when morning came he was filled with loneliness because he thought himself so far from her. He went to Hlidskjalf again, thinking to climb the Tower and have sight of her once more. But now the two wolves, Geri and Freki, bared their teeth at him and would not let him pass, although he spoke to them again in the language of the Gods.
He went and spoke to wise Niörd, his father. "She whom you have seen, my son," said Niörd, "is Gerda, the daughter of the Giant Gymer. You must give over thinking of her. Your love for her would be an ill thing for you."
"Why should it be an ill thing for me?" Frey asked.
"Because you would have to give that which you prize most for the sake of coming to her."
"That which I prize most," said Frey, "is my magic sword."
"You will have to give your magic sword," said his father, the wise Niörd.
"I will give it," said Frey, loosening his magic sword from his belt.
"Bethink thee, my son," said Niörd. "If thou givest[Pg 54] thy sword, what weapon wilt thou have on the day of Ragnarök, when the Giants will make war upon the Gods?"
Frey did not speak, but he thought the day of Ragnarök was far off. "I cannot live without Gerda," he said, as he turned away.
There was one in Asgard who was called Skirnir. He was a venturesome being who never cared what he said or did. To no one else but Skirnir could Frey bring himself to tell of the trouble that had fallen on him—the trouble that was the punishment for his placing himself on the seat of the All-Father.
Skirnir laughed when he heard Frey's tale. "Thou, a Van, in love with a maid of Jötunheim! This is fun indeed! Will ye make a marriage of it?"
"Would that I might even speak to her or send a message of love to her," said Frey. "But I may not leave my watch over the Elves."
"And if I should take a message to Gerda," said Skirnir the Venturesome, "what would my reward be?"
"My boat Skidbladnir or my boar Golden Bristle," said Frey.
"No, no," said Skirnir. "I want something to go by my side. I want something to use in my hand. Give me the magic sword you own."
Frey thought upon what his father said, that he would be left weaponless on the day of Ragnarök, when the Giants would make war upon the Gods and when Asgard would be endangered. He thought upon this, and drew[Pg 55] back from Skirnir, and for a while he remained in thought. And all the time thick-set Skirnir was laughing at him out of his wide mouth and his blue eyes. Then Frey said to himself, "The day of Ragnarök is far off, and I cannot live without Gerda."
He drew the magic sword from his belt and he placed it in Skirnir's hand. "I give you my sword, Skirnir," he said. "Take my message to Gerda, Gymer's daughter. Show her this gold and these precious jewels, and say I love her, and that I claim her love."
"I shall bring the maid to you," said Skirnir the Venturesome.
"But how wilt thou get to Jötunheim?" said Frey, suddenly remembering how dark the Giants' land was and how terrible were the approaches to it.
"Oh, with a good horse and a good sword one can get anywhere," said Skirnir. "My horse is a mighty horse, and you have given me your sword of magic. Tomorrow I shall make the journey."
Skirnir rode across Bifröst, the Rainbow Bridge, laughing out of his wide mouth and his blue eyes at Heimdall, the Warder of the Bridge to Asgard. His mighty horse trod the earth of Midgard, and swam the river that divides Midgard, the World of Men, from Jötunheim, the Realm of the Giants. He rode on heedlessly and recklessly, as he did all things. Then out of the iron forests came the monstrous wolves of Jötunheim, to tear and devour him and his mighty horse. It was well for Skirnir that he had in his belt Frey's magic sword. Its edge slew and its gleam[Pg 56] frighted the monstrous beasts. On and on Skirnir rode on his mighty horse. Then he came to a wall of fire. No other horse but his mighty horse could go through it. Skirnir rode through the fire and came to the dale in which was Gymer's dwelling.
And now he was before the house that Frey had seen Gerda enter on the day when he had climbed Hlidskjalf, Odin's Watch-Tower. The mighty hounds that guarded Gymer's dwelling came and bayed around him. But the gleam of the magic sword kept them away. Skirnir backed his horse to the door, and made his horse's hooves strike against it.
Gymer was in the feast hall drinking with his Giant friends, and he did not hear the baying of the hounds nor the clatter that Skirnir made before the door. But Gerda sat spinning with her maidens in the hall. "Who comes to Gymer's door?" she said.
"A warrior upon a mighty horse," said one of the maidens.
"Even though he be an enemy and one who slew my brother, yet shall we open the door to him and give him a cup of Gymer's mead," said Gerda.
One of the maidens opened the door and Skirnir entered Gymer's dwelling. He knew Gerda amongst her maidens. He went to her and showed her the rich gold and the precious jewels that he had brought from Frey. "These are for you, fairest Gerda," he said, "if you will give your love to Frey, the Chief of the Vanir."[Pg 57]
"Show your gold and jewels to other maidens," said Gerda. "Gold and jewels will never bring me to give my love."
Then Skirnir the Venturesome, the heedless of his words, drew the magic sword from his belt and held it above her. "Give your love to Frey, who has given me this sword," he said, "or meet your death by the edge of it."
Gerda, Gymer's daughter, only laughed at the reckless Skirnir, "Make the daughters of men fearful by the sharpness of Frey's sword," she said, "but do not try to frighten a Giant's daughter with it."
Then Skirnir the Reckless, the heedless of his words, made the magic sword flash before her eyes, while he cried out in a terrible voice, saying a spell over her:
Gerda, I will curse thee;
Yes, with this magic
Blade I shall touch thee;
Such is its power
That, like a thistle,
Withered 'twill leave thee,
Like a thistle the wind
Strips from the roof.
Hearing these terrible words and the strange hissings of the magic sword, Gerda threw herself on the ground, crying out for pity. But Skirnir stood above her, and the magic sword flashed and hissed over her. Skirnir sang:[Pg 58]
More ugly I'll leave thee
Than maid ever was;
Thou wilt be mocked at
By men and by Giants;
A Dwarf only will wed thee;
Now on this instant
With this blade I shall touch thee,
And leave thee bespelled.
She lifted herself on her knees and cried out to Skirnir to spare her from the spell of the magic sword.
"Only if thou wilt give thy love to Frey," said Skirnir.
"I will give my love to him," said Gerda. "Now put up thy magic sword and drink a cup of mead and depart from Gymer's dwelling."
"I will not drink a cup of your mead nor shall I depart from Gymer's dwelling until you yourself say that you will meet and speak with Frey."
"I will meet and speak with him," said Gerda.
"When will you meet and speak with him?" asked Skirnir.
"In the wood of Barri nine nights from this. Let him come and meet me there."
Then Skirnir put up his magic sword and drank the cup of mead that Gerda gave him. He rode from Gymer's house, laughing aloud at having won Gerda for Frey, and so making the magic sword his own for ever.
Skirnir the Venturesome, the heedless of his words, riding across Bifröst on his mighty horse, found Frey standing[Pg 59] waiting for him beside Heimdall, the Warder of the Bridge to Asgard.
"What news dost thou bring me?" cried Frey. "Speak, Skirnir, before thou dost dismount from thine horse."
"In nine nights from this thou mayst meet Gerda in Barri Wood," said Skirnir. He looked at him, laughing out of his wide mouth and his blue eyes. But Frey turned away, saying to himself:
Long is one day;
Long, long two.
Can I live through
Nine long days?
Long indeed were these days for Frey. But the ninth day came, and in the evening Frey went to Barri Wood. And there he met Gerda, the Giant maid. She was as fair as when he had seen her before the door of Gymer's house. And when she saw Frey, so tall and noble looking, the Giant's daughter was glad that Skirnir the Venturesome had made her promise to come to Barri Wood. They gave each other rings of gold. It was settled that the Giant maid should come as a bride to Asgard.
Gerda came, but another Giant maid came also. This is how that came to be:
All the Dwellers in Asgard were standing before the great gate, waiting to welcome the bride of Frey. There appeared a Giant maid who was not Gerda; all in armor was she.[Pg 60]
"I am Skadi," she said, "the daughter of Thiassi. My father met his death at the hands of the Dwellers in Asgard. I claim a recompense."
"What recompense would you have, maiden?" asked Odin, smiling to see a Giant maid standing so boldly in Asgard.
"A husband from amongst you, even as Gerda. And I myself must be let choose him."
All laughed aloud at the words of Skadi. Then said Odin, laughing, "We will let you choose a husband from amongst us, but you must choose him by his feet."
"I will choose him whatever way you will," said Skadi fixing her eyes on Baldur, the most beautiful of all the Dwellers in Asgard.
They put a bandage round her eyes, and the Æsir and the Vanir seat in a half circle around. As she went by she stooped over each and laid hands upon their feet. At last she came to one whose feet were so finely formed that she felt sure it was Baldur. She stood up and said:
"This is the one that Skadi chooses for her husband."
Then the Æsir and the Vanir laughed more and more. They took the bandage off her eyes and she saw, not Baldur the Beautiful, but Niörd, the father of Frey. But as Skadi looked more and more on Niörd she became more and more contented with her choice; for Niörd was strong, and he was noble looking.
These two, Niörd and Skadi, went first to live in Niörd's palace by the sea; but the coming of the sea mew would waken Skadi too early in the morning, and she[Pg 61] drew her husband to the mountaintop where she was more at home. He would not live long away from the sound of the sea. Back and forward, between the mountain and the sea, Skadi and Niörd went. But Gerda stayed in Asgard with Frey, her husband, and the Æsir and the Vanir came to love greatly Gerda, the Giant maid.
HEIMDALL AND LITTLE HNOSSA:
HOW ALL THINGS CAME TO BE
Hnossa, the child of Freya and the lost Odur, was the youngest of all the Dwellers in Asgard. And because it had been prophesied that the child would bring her father and her mother together, little Hnossa was often taken without the City of the Gods to stand by Bifröst, the Rainbow Bridge, so that she might greet Odur if his steps turned toward Asgard.
In all the palaces of the City of the Gods little Hnossa was made welcome: in Fensalir, the Halls of Mists, where Frigga, the wife of Odin All-Father, sat spinning with golden threads; in Breidablik, where Baldur, the Well Beloved, lived with his fair wife, the young Nanna; in Bilskirnir, the Winding House, where Thor and Sif lived;[Pg 63] and in Odin's own palace Valaskjalf, that was all roofed over with silver shields.
The greatest of all the palaces was Gladsheim, that was built by the golden-leaved wood, Glasir. Here the banquets of the Gods were held. Often little Hnossa looked within and saw Odin All-Father seated at the banquet table, with a mantle of blue over him and a shining helmet shaped like an eagle upon his head. Odin would sit there, not eating at all, but drinking the wine of the Gods, and taking the food off the table and giving it to Geri and Freki, the two wolves that crouched beside his seat.
She loved to go outside the great gate and stay beside Heimdall, the Warder of the Rainbow Bridge. There, when there was no one crossing that she might watch, she would sit beside Heimdall and listen to the wonders that he spoke of.
Heimdall held in his hands the horn that was called the Gialarhorn. He would sound it to let the Dwellers in Asgard know that one was crossing the Rainbow Bridge. And Heimdall told little Hnossa how he had trained himself to hear the grasses grow, and how he could see all around him for a hundred miles. He could see in the night as well as the day. He never slept. He had nine mothers, he told Hnossa, and he fed on the strength of the earth and the cold sea.
As she sat beside him day after day, Heimdall would tell little Hnossa how all things began. He had lived from the beginning of time and he knew all things. "Before Asgard was built," he said, "and before Odin lived, earth[Pg 64] and sea and sky were all mixed together: what was then was the Chasm of Chasms. In the North there was Niflheim, the Place of Deadly Cold. In the South there was Muspelheim, the Land of Fire. In Niflheim there was a cauldron called Hveigelmer that poured out twelve rivers that flowed into the Chasm of Chasms.
"Ginnungagap, the Chasm of Chasms, filled up with ice, for the waters of the rivers froze as they poured into it. From Muspelheim came clouds of fire that turned the ice into thick mists. The mists fell down again in drops of dew, and from these drops were formed Ymir, the Ancient Giant.
"Ymir, the Ancient Giant, traveled along by the twelve rivers until he came to where another living form was standing in the mists. This was a Giant Cow. Audhumla was the name of that cow. Ymir lay down beside her and drank her milk, and on the milk she gave him he lived. Other beings were formed out of the dew that fell to the ground. They were the Daughters of the Frost, and Ymir, the Ancient Giant, married one, and their children were the Giants.
"One day Ymir saw Audhumla breathe upon a cliff of ice and lick with her tongue the place she breathed on. As her tongue went over and over the place he saw that a figure was being formed. It was not like a Giant's form; it was more shapely and more beautiful. A head appeared in the cliff and golden hair fell over the ice. As Ymir looked upon the being that was being formed he hated him for his beauty.[Pg 65]
"Audhumla, the Giant Cow, went on licking the place where she had breathed. At last a man completely formed stepped from the cliff. Ymir, the Ancient Giant, hated him so much that he would have slain him then and there. But he knew that if he did this, Audhumla would feed him no more with her milk.
"Bur was the name of the man who was formed in the ice cliff, Bur, the first of the heroes. He, too, lived on the milk of Audhumla. He married a daughter of the Ancient Giant and he had a son. But Ymir and Ymir's sons hated Bur, and the time came at last when they were able to kill him.
"And now there was war between Ymir and Ymir's sons and the son and son's sons of Bur. Odin was the son of Bur's son. Odin brought all his brothers together, and they were able to destroy Ymir and all his brood—all except one. So huge was Ymir that when he was slain his blood poured out in such a mighty flood that his sons were all drowned in it, all except Bergelmir, who was in a boat with his wife when the flood came, and who floated away on the flood to the place that we now call Jötunheim, the Realm of the Giants.
"Now Odin and his sons took the body of Ymir—the vastest body that ever was—and they flung it into the Chasm of Chasms, filling up all the hollow places with it. They dug the bones out of the body and they piled them up as the mountains. They took the teeth out and they made them into the rocks. They took the hair of Ymir and they made it into the forests of trees. They took his[Pg 66] eyebrows and formed them into the place where Men now dwell, Midgard. And out of Ymir's hollow skull they made the sky.
"And Odin and his sons and brothers did more than this. They took the sparks and the clouds of flame that blew from Muspelheim, and they made them into the sun and the moon and all the stars that are in the sky. Odin found a dusky Giantess named Night whose son was called Day, and he gave both of them horses to drive across the sky. Night drove a horse that is named Hrimfaxe, Frosty Mane, and Day drove a horse that is named Skinfaxe, Shining Mane. From Hrimfaxe's bit fall the drops that make the dew upon the earth.
"Then Odin and his sons made a race of men and women and gave them Midgard to live in. Ugly Dwarfs had grown up and had spread themselves over the earth. These Odin made go live in the hollow places beneath the earth. The Elves he let stay on the earth, but he gave them the tasks of tending the streams and the grasses and the flowers. And with the Vanir he made peace after a war had been waged, taking Niörd from them for a hostage.
"Bergelmir, the Giant who escaped drowning in Ymir's blood, had sons and daughters in Jötunheim. They hated Odin and his sons and strove against them. When Odin lighted up the world with the sun and the moon they were very wroth, and they found two of the fiercest of the mighty wolves of Jötunheim and set them to follow them. And still the sun and the moon, Sol and Mani, are followed by the wolves of Jötunheim."
Such wonders did Heimdall with the Golden Teeth tell[Pg 67] Hnossa, the youngest of the Dwellers in Asgard. Often the child stayed with him by the Rainbow Bridge, and saw the Gods pass to and from Midgard: Thor, with his crown of stars, with the great hammer Miölnir in his hands, with the gloves of iron that he used when he grasped Miölnir; Thor in his chariot drawn by two goats and wearing the belt that doubled his strength; Frigga, with her dress of falcon feathers, flying swiftly as a bird; Odin All-Father himself, riding upon Sleipner, his eight-legged steed, clad all in golden armor, with his golden helmet, shaped like an eagle, upon his head, and with his spear Gungnir in his hand.
Heimdall kept his horn in the branch of a great tree. This tree was called Ygdrassil, he told little Hnossa, and it was a wonder to Gods and Men. "No one knows of a time when Ygdrassil was not growing, and all are afraid to speak of the time when it will be destroyed.
"Ygdrassil has three roots. One goes deep under Midgard, another goes deep under Jötunheim, and the third grows above Asgard. Over Odin's hall a branch of Ygdrassil grows, and it is called the Peace Bough.
"You see Ygdrassil, little Hnossa, but you do not know all the wonders of it. Far up in its branches four stags graze; they shake from their horns the water that falls as rain upon the earth. On the topmost branch of Ygdrassil, the branch that is so high that the Gods themselves can hardly see it, there is an eagle that knows all things. Upon the beak of this eagle a hawk is perched, a hawk that sees what the eyes of the eagle may not see.
"The root of Ygdrassil that is in Midgard goes deep[Pg 68] down to the place of the dead. Here there is an evil dragon named Nidhögg that gnaws constantly at the root, striving to destroy Ygdrassil, the Tree of trees. And Ratatösk, the Squirrel of Mischief—behold him now!—runs up and down Ygdrassil, making trouble between the eagle above and the dragon below. He goes to tell the dragon how the eagle is bent upon tearing him to pieces and he goes back to tell the eagle how the dragon plans to devour him. The stories that he brings to Nidhögg make that evil dragon more fierce to destroy Ygdrassil, the Tree of trees, so that he may come upon the eagle and devour him.
"There are two wells by the roots of Ygdrassil, and one is above and one is below. One is beside the root that grows in Jötunheim. This is a Well of Knowledge, and it is guarded by old Mimir the Wise. Whoever drinks out of this well knows of all the things that will come to be. The other well is by the root that grows above Asgard. No one may drink out of this well. The three sisters that are the holy Norns guard it, and they take the white water from it to water Ygdrassil, that the Tree of Life may keep green and strong. This well, little Hnossa, is called Urda's Well."
And little Hnossa heard that by Urda's Well there were two beautiful white swans. They made a music that the Dwellers in Asgard often heard. But Hnossa was too young to hear the music that was made by the swans of Urda's Well.
THE ALL-FATHER'S FOREBODINGS:
HOW HE LEAVES ASGARD
Two ravens had Odin All-Father; Hugin and Munin were their names; they flew through all the worlds every day, and coming back to Asgard they would light on Odin's shoulders and tell him of all the things they had seen and heard. And once a day passed without the ravens coming back. Then Odin, standing on the Watch-Tower Hlidskjalf, said to himself:
I fear me for Hugin,
Lest he come not back,
But I watch more for Munin.
A day passed and the ravens flew back. They sat, one on each of his shoulders. Then did the All-Father go into the[Pg 70] Council Hall that was beside Glasir, the wood that had leaves of gold, and harken to what Hugin and Munin had to tell him.
They told him only of shadows and forebodings. Odin All-Father did not speak to the Dwellers in Asgard of the things they told him. But Frigga, his Queen, saw in his eyes the shadows and forebodings of things to come. And when he spoke to her about these things she said, "Do not strive against what must take place. Let us go to the holy Norns who sit by Urda's Well and see if the shadows and the forebodings will remain when you have looked into their eyes."
And so it came that Odin and the Gods left Asgard and came to Urda's Well, where, under the great root of Ygdrassil, the three Norns sat, with the two fair swans below them. Odin went, and Tyr, the great swordsman, and Baldur, the most beautiful and the Best-Beloved of the Gods, and Thor, with his Hammer.
A Rainbow Bridge went from Asgard, the City of the Gods, to Midgard, the World of Men. But another Rainbow Bridge, more beautiful and more tremulous still, went from Asgard to that root of Ygdrassil under which was Urda's Well. This Rainbow Bridge was seldom seen by men. And where the ends of the two rainbows came together Heimdall stood, Heimdall with the Golden Teeth, the Watcher for the Gods, and the Keeper of the Way to Urda's Well.
"Open the gate, Heimdall," said the All-Father, "open the gate, for today the Gods would visit the holy Norns."
Without a word Heimdall opened wide the gate that[Pg 71] led to that bridge more colored and more tremulous than any rainbow seen from earth. Then did Odin and Tyr and Baldur step out on the bridge. Thor followed, but before his foot was placed on the bridge, Heimdall laid his hand upon him.
"The others may go, but you may not go that way, Thor," said Heimdall.
"What? Would you, Heimdall, hold me back?" said Thor.
"Yes, for I am Keeper of the Way to the Norns," said Heimdall. "You with the mighty hammer you carry are too weighty for this way. The bridge I guard would break under you, Thor with the hammer."
"Nevertheless I will go visit the Norns with Odin and my comrades," said Thor.
"But not this way, Thor," said Heimdall. "I will not let the bridge be broken under the weight of you and your hammer. Leave your hammer here with me if you would go this way."
"No, no," said Thor. "I will not leave in any one's charge the hammer that defends Asgard. And I may not be turned back from going with Odin and my comrades."
"There is another way to Urda's Well," said Heimdall. "Behold these two great Cloud Rivers, Körmt and Ermt. Canst thou wade through them? They are cold and suffocating, but they will bring thee to Urda's Well, where sit the three holy Norns."
Thor looked out on the two great rolling rivers of cloud. It was a bad way for one to go, cold and suffocating. Yet if he went that way he could keep on his shoulder the[Pg 72] hammer which he would not leave in another's charge. He stept out into the Cloud River that flowed by the Rainbow Bridge, and with his hammer upon his shoulder he went struggling on to the other river.
Odin, Tyr, and Baldur were beside Urda's Well when Thor came struggling out of the Cloud River, wet and choking, but with his hammer still upon his shoulder. There stood Tyr, upright and handsome, leaning on his sword that was inscribed all over with magic runes; there stood Baldur, smiling, with his head bent as he listened to the murmur of the two fair swans; and there stood Odin All-Father, clad in his blue cloak fringed with golden stars, without the eagle-helmet upon his head, and with no spear in his hands.
The three Norns, Urda, Verdandi, and Skulda, sat beside the well that was in the hollow of the great root of Ygdrassil. Urda was ancient and with white hair, and Verdandi was beautiful, while Skulda could hardly be seen, for she sat far back, and her hair fell over her face and eyes. Urda, Verdandi, and Skulda; they knew the whole of the Past, the whole of the Present, and the whole of the Future. Odin, looking on them, saw into the eyes of Skulda even. Long, long he stood looking on the Norns with the eyes of a God, while the others listened to the murmur of the swans and the falling of the leaves of Ygdrassil into Urda's Well.
Looking into their eyes, Odin saw the shadows and forebodings that Hugin and Munin told him of take shape and substance. And now others came across the Rainbow Bridge. They were Frigga and Sif and Nanna, the wives[Pg 73] of Odin and Thor and Baldur. Frigga looked upon the Norns. As she did, she turned a glance of love and sadness upon Baldur, her son, and then she drew back and placed her hand upon Nanna's head.
Odin turned from gazing on the Norns, and looked upon Frigga, his queenly wife. "I would leave Asgard for a while, wife of Odin," he said.
"Yea," said Frigga. "Much has to be done in Midgard, the World of Men."
"I would change what knowledge I have into wisdom," said Odin, "so that the things that are to happen will be changed into the best that may be."
"You would go to Mimir's Well," said Frigga.
"I would go to Mimir's Well," said Odin.
"My husband, go," said Frigga.
Then they went back over that Rainbow Bridge that is more beautiful and more tremulous than the one that men see from the earth; they went back over the Rainbow Bridge, the Æsir and the Asyniur, Odin and Frigga, Baldur and Nanna, Tyr, with his sword, and Sif beside Tyr. As for Thor, he went struggling through the Cloud Rivers Körmt and Ermt, his hammer Miölnir upon his shoulder.
Little Hnossa, the youngest of the Dwellers in Asgard, was there, standing beside Heimdall, the Watcher for the Gods and the Keeper of the Bridge to Urda's Well, when Odin All-Father and Frigga, his Queen, went through the great gate with heads bent. "Tomorrow," Hnossa heard Odin say, "tomorrow I shall be Vegtam the Wanderer upon the ways of Midgard and Jötunheim."
ODIN GOES TO MIMIR'S WELL:
HIS SACRIFICE FOR WISDOM
And so Odin, no longer riding on Sleipner, his eight-legged steed; no longer wearing his golden armor and his eagle-helmet, and without even his spear in his hand, traveled through Midgard, the World of Men, and made his way toward Jötunheim, the Realm of the Giants.
No longer was he called Odin All-Father, but Vegtam the Wanderer. He wore a cloak of dark blue and he carried a traveler's staff in his hands. And now, as he went toward Mimir's Well, which was near to Jötunheim, he came upon a Giant riding on a great Stag.
Odin seemed a man to men and a giant to giants. He[Pg 78] went beside the Giant on the great Stag and the two talked together. "Who art thou, O brother?" Odin asked the Giant.
"I am Vafthrudner, the wisest of the Giants," said the one who was riding on the Stag. Odin knew him then. Vafthrudner was indeed the wisest of the Giants, and many went to strive to gain wisdom from him. But those who went to him had to answer the riddles Vafthrudner asked, and if they failed to answer the Giant took their heads off.
"I am Vegtam the Wanderer," Odin said, "and I know who thou art, O Vafthrudner. I would strive to learn something from thee."
The Giant laughed, showing his teeth. "Ho, ho," he said, "I am ready for a game with thee. Dost thou know the stakes? My head to thee if I cannot answer any question thou wilt ask. And if thou canst not answer any question that I may ask, then thy head goes to me. Ho, ho, ho. And now let us begin."
"I am ready," Odin said.
"Then tell me," said Vafthrudner, "tell me the name of the river that divides Asgard from Jötunheim?"
"Ifling is the name of that river," said Odin. "Ifling that is dead cold, yet never frozen."
"Thou hast answered rightly, O Wanderer," said the Giant. "But thou hast still to answer other questions. What are the names of the horses that Day and Night drive across the sky?"
"Skinfaxe and Hrimfaxe," Odin answered. Vafthrudner[Pg 79] was startled to hear one say the names that were known only to the Gods and to the wisest of the Giants. There was only one question now that he might ask before it came to the stranger's turn to ask him questions.
"Tell me," said Vafthrudner, "what is the name of the plain on which the last battle will be fought?"
"The Plain of Vigard," said Odin, "the plain that is a hundred miles long and a hundred miles across."
It was now Odin's turn to ask Vafthrudner questions. "What will be the last words that Odin will whisper into the ear of Baldur, his dear son?" he asked.
Very startled was the Giant Vafthrudner at that question. He sprang to the ground and looked at the stranger keenly.
"Only Odin knows what his last words to Baldur will be," he said, "and only Odin would have asked that question. Thou art Odin, O Wanderer, and thy question I cannot answer."
"Then," said Odin, "if thou wouldst keep thy head, answer me this: what price will Mimir ask for a draught from the Well of Wisdom that he guards?"
"He will ask thy right eye as a price, O Odin," said Vafthrudner.
"Will he ask no less a price than that?" said Odin.
"He will ask no less a price. Many have come to him for a draught from the Well of Wisdom, but no one yet has given the price Mimir asks. I have answered thy question, O Odin. Now give up thy claim to my head and let me go on my way."[Pg 80]
"I give up my claim to thy head," said Odin. Then Vafthrudner, the wisest of the Giants, went on his way, riding on his great Stag.
It was a terrible price that Mimir would ask for a draught from the Well of Wisdom, and very troubled was Odin All-Father when it was revealed to him. His right eye! For all time to be without the sight of his right eye! Almost he would have turned back to Asgard, giving up his quest for wisdom.
He went on, turning neither to Asgard nor to Mimir's Well. And when he went toward the South he saw Muspelheim, where stood Surtur with the Flaming Sword, a terrible figure, who would one day join the Giants in their war against the Gods. And when he turned North he heard the roaring of the cauldron Hvergelmer as it poured itself out of Niflheim, the place of darkness and dread. And Odin knew that the world must not be left between Surtur, who would destroy it with fire, and Niflheim, that would gather it back to Darkness and Nothingness. He, the eldest of the Gods, would have to win the wisdom that would help to save the world.
And so, with his face stern in front of his loss and pain, Odin All-Father turned and went toward Mimir's Well. It was under the great root of Ygdrassil—the root that grew out of Jötunheim. And there sat Mimir, the Guardian of the Well of Wisdom, with his deep eyes bent upon the deep water. And Mimir, who had drunk every day from the Well of Wisdom, knew who it was that stood before him.
"Hail, Odin, Eldest of the Gods," he said.[Pg 81]
Then Odin made reverence to Mimir, the wisest of the world's beings. "I would drink from your well, Mimir," he said.
"There is a price to be paid. All who have come here to drink have shrunk from paying that price. Will you, Eldest of the Gods, pay it?"
"I will not shrink from the price that has to be paid, Mimir," said Odin All-Father.
"Then drink," said Mimir. He filled up a great horn with water from the well and gave it to Odin.
Odin took the horn in both his hands and drank and drank. And as he drank all the future became clear to him. He saw all the sorrows and troubles that would fall upon Men and Gods. But he saw, too, why the sorrows and troubles had to fall, and he saw how they might be borne so that Gods and Men, by being noble in the days of sorrow and trouble, would leave in the world a force that one day, a day that was far off indeed, would destroy the evil that brought terror and sorrow and despair into the world.
Then when he had drunk out of the great horn that Mimir had given him, he put his hand to his face and he plucked out his right eye. Terrible was the pain that Odin All-Father endured. But he made no groan nor moan. He bowed his head and put his cloak before his face, as Mimir took the eye and let it sink deep, deep into the water of the Well of Wisdom. And there the Eye of Odin stayed, shining up through the water, a sign to all who came to that place of the price that the Father of the Gods had paid for his wisdom.
ODIN FACES AN EVIL MAN
Once, when his wisdom was less great, Odin had lived in the world of men. Frigga, his Queen, was with him then; they had lived on a bleak island, and they were known as Grimner the Fisherman and his wife.
Always Odin and Frigga were watching over the sons of men, watching to know which ones they would foster and train so that they might have the strength and spirit to save the world from the power of the Giants. And while they were staying on the bleak island, Odin and Frigga saw the sons of King Hrauding, and both thought that in them the spirit of heroes could be fostered. Odin and Frigga made plans to bring the children to them, so that they might be under their care and training. One day the[Pg 83] boys went fishing. A storm came and drove their boat on the rocks of the island where Odin and Frigga lived.
They brought them to their hut, Odin and Frigga, and they told them they would care for them and train them through the winter and that in the spring they would build a boat that would carry them back to their father's country. "We shall see," said Odin to Frigga that night, "we shall see which of the two can be formed into the noblest hero."
He said that because Frigga favored one of the boys and he favored the other. Frigga thought well of the elder boy, Agnar, who had a gentle voice and quiet and kindly ways. But Odin thought more of the younger boy. Geirrod, his name was, and he was strong and passionate, with a high and a loud voice.
Odin took Geirrod into his charge, and he showed him how to fish and hunt. He made the boy even bolder than he was by making him leap from rock to rock, and by letting him climb the highest cliffs and jump across the widest chasms. He would bring him to the den of the bear and make him fight for his life with the spear he had made for him. Agnar went to the chase, too, and showed his skill and boldness. But Geirrod overcame him in nearly every trial. "What a hero Geirrod will be," Odin would often say.
Agnar stayed often with Frigga. He would stay beside her while she spun, listening to the tales she told, and asking such questions as brought him more and more wisdom. And Agnar heard of Asgard and of the Dwellers in[Pg 84] Asgard and of how they protected Midgard, the World of Men, from the Giants of Jötunheim. Agnar, though he did not speak out, said in his own mind that he would give all his life and all his strength and all his thought to helping the work of the Gods.
Spring came and Odin built a boat for Geirrod and Agnar. They could go back now to their own country. And before they set out Odin told Geirrod that one day he would come to visit him. "And do not be too proud to receive a Fisherman in your hall, Geirrod," said Odin. "A King should give welcome to the poorest who comes to his hall."
"I will be a hero, no doubt of that," Geirrod answered. "And I would be a King, too, only Agnar Little-good was born before me."
Agnar bade goodby to Frigga and to Odin, thanking them for the care they had taken of Geirrod and himself. He looked into Frigga's eyes, and he told her that he would strive to learn how he might fight the battle for the Gods.
The two went into the boat and they rowed away. They came near to King Hrauding's realm. They saw the castle overlooking the sea. Then Geirrod did a terrible thing. He turned the boat back toward the sea, and he cast the oars away. Then, for he was well fit to swim the roughest sea and climb the highest cliffs, he plunged into the water and struck out toward the shore. And Agnar, left without oars, went drifting out to sea.
Geirrod climbed the high cliffs and came to his father's castle.[Pg 85]
King Hrauding, who had given up both of his sons for lost, was rejoiced to see him. Geirrod told of Agnar that he had fallen out of the boat on their way back and that he had been drowned. King Hrauding, who had thought both of his sons were gone from him, was glad enough that one had come safe. He put Geirrod beside him on the throne, and when he died Geirrod was made King over the people.
And now Odin, having drunk from Mimir's Well, went through the kingdoms of men, judging Kings and simple people according to the wisdom he had gained. He came at last to the kingdom that Geirrod ruled over. Odin thought that of all the Kings he had judged to be noble, Geirrod would assuredly be the noblest.
He went to the King's house as a Wanderer, blind of one eye, wearing a cloak of dark blue and with a wanderer's staff in his hands. As he drew near the King's house men on dark horses came riding behind him. The first of the men did not turn his horse as he came near the Wanderer, but rode on, nearly trampling him to the ground.
As they came before the King's house the men on the dark horses shouted for servants. Only one servant was in the stable. He came out and took the horse of the first man. Then the others called upon the Wanderer to tend their horses. He had to hold the stirrups for some of them to dismount.
Odin knew who the first man was. He was Geirrod the King. And he knew who the man who served in the stable was. He was Agnar, Geirrod's brother. By the wisdom he had gained he knew that Agnar had come back to his[Pg 86] father's kingdom in the guise of a servant, and he knew that Geirrod did not know who this servant was.
They went into the stable together. Agnar took bread and broke it and gave some to the Wanderer. He gave him, too, straw to seat himself on. But in a while Odin said, "I would seat myself at the fire in the King's hall and eat my supper of meat."
"Nay, stay here," Agnar said. "I will give you more bread and a wrap to cover yourself with. Do not go to the door of the King's house, for the King is angry today and he might repulse you."
"How?" said Odin. "A King turn away a Wanderer who comes to his door! It cannot be that he would do it!"
"Today he is angry," Agnar said. Again he begged him not to go to the door of the King's house. But Odin rose up from the straw on which he was seated and went to the door.
A porter, hunchbacked and with long arms, stood at the door. "I am a Wanderer, and I would have rest and food in the King's hall," Odin said.
"Not in this King's hall," said the hunchbacked porter. He would have barred the door to Odin, but the voice of the King called him away. Odin then strode into the hall and saw the King at table with his friends, all dark-bearded, and cruel-looking men. And when Odin looked on them he knew that the boy whom he had trained in nobility had become a King over robbers.
"Since you have come into the hall where we eat, sing to us, Wanderer," shouted one of the dark men. "Aye, I[Pg 87] will sing to you," said Odin. Then he stood between two of the stone pillars in the hall and he sang a song reproaching the King for having fallen into an evil way of life, and denouncing all for following the cruel ways of robbers.
"Seize him," said the King, when Odin's song was finished. The dark men threw themselves upon Odin and put chains around him and bound him between the stone pillars of the hall. "He came into this hall for warmth, and warmth he shall have," said Geirrod. He called upon his servants to heap up wood around him. They did this. Then the King, with his own hand, put a blazing torch to the wood and the fagots blazed up around the Wanderer.
The fagots burned round and round him. But the fire did not burn the flesh of Odin All-Father. The King and the King's friends stood round, watching with delight the fires blaze round a living man. The fagots all burned away, and Odin was left standing there with his terrible gaze fixed upon the men who were so hard and cruel.
They went to sleep, leaving him chained to the pillars of the hall. Odin could have broken the chains and pulled down the pillars, but he wanted to see what else would happen in this King's house. The servants were ordered not to bring food or drink to him, but at dawn, when there was no one near, Agnar came to him with a horn of ale and gave it to him to drink.
The next evening when the King came back from his robberies, and when he and his friends, sitting down at the tables, had eaten like wolves, he ordered the fagots to be placed around Odin. And again they stood around, watch[Pg 88]ing in delight the fire playing around a living man. And as before Odin stood there, unhurt by the fire, and his steady and terrible gaze made the King hate him more and more. And all day he was kept in chains, and the servants were forbidden to bring him food or drink. None knew that a horn of ale was brought to him at dawn.
And night after night, for eight nights, this went on. Then, on the ninth night, when the fires around him had been lighted, Odin lifted up his voice and began to sing a song.
His song became louder and louder, and the King and the King's friends and the servants of the thing's house had to stand still and harken to it. Odin sang about Geirrod, the King; how the Gods had protected him, giving him strength and skill, and how instead of making a noble use of that strength and skill he had made himself like one of the wild beasts. Then he sang of how the vengeance of the Gods was about to fall on this ignoble King.
The flames died down and Geirrod and his friends saw before them, not a friendless Wanderer, but one who looked more kingly than any King of the earth. The chains fell down from his body and he advanced toward the evil company. Then Geirrod rushed upon him with his sword in hand to kill him. The sword struck him, but Odin remained unhurt.
Thy life runs out,
The Gods they are wroth with thee;
Draw near if thou canst;
Odin thou shalt see.
So Odin sang, and, in fear of his terrible gaze, Geirrod and his company shrank away. And as they shrank away they were changed into beasts, into the wolves that range the forests.
And Agnar came forward, and him Odin declared to be King. All the folk were glad when Agnar came to rule over them, for they had been oppressed by Geirrod in his cruel reign. And Agnar was not only kind, but he was strong and victorious in his rule.
ODIN WINS FOR MEN THE MAGIC MEAD
It was the Dwarfs who brewed the Magic Mead, and it was the Giants who hid it away. But it was Odin who brought it from the place where it was hidden and gave it to the sons of men. Those who drank of the Magic Mead became very wise, and not only that but they could put their wisdom into such beautiful words that every one who heard would love and remember it.
The Dwarfs brewed the Magic Mead through cruelty and villainy. They made it out of the blood of a man. The man was Kvasir the Poet. He had wisdom, and he had such beautiful words with it, that what he said was loved and remembered by all. The Dwarfs brought Kvasir down into their caverns and they killed him there. "Now," they[Pg 91] said, "we have Kvasir's blood and Kvasir's wisdom. No one else will have his wisdom but us." They poured the blood into three jars and they mixed it with honey, and from it they brewed the Magic Mead.
Having killed a man the Dwarfs became more and more bold. They came out of their caverns and went up and down through Midgard, the World of Men. They went into Jötunheim, and began to play their evil tricks on the most harmless of the Giants.
They came upon one Giant who was very simple. Gilling was his name. They persuaded Gilling to row them out to sea in a boat. Then the two most cunning of the Dwarfs, Galar and Fialar, steered the boat on to a rock. The boat split. Gilling, who could not swim, was drowned. The Dwarfs clambered up on pieces of the boat and came safely ashore. They were so delighted with their evil tricks that they wanted to play some more of them.
Galar and Fialar then thought of a new piece of mischief they might do. They led their band of Dwarfs to Gilling's house and screamed out to his wife that Gilling was dead. The Giant's wife began to weep and lament. At last she rushed out of the house weeping and clapping her hands. Now Galar and Fialar had clambered up on the lintel of the house, and as she came running out they cast a millstone on her head. It struck her and Gilling's wife fell down dead. More and more the Dwarfs were delighted at the destruction they were making.
They were so insolent now that they made up songs and sang them, songs that were all a boast of how they had[Pg 92] killed Kvasir the Poet, and Gilling the Giant, and Gilling's wife. They stayed around Jötunheim, tormenting all whom they were able to torment, and flattering themselves that they were great and strong. They stayed too long, however. Suttung, Gilling's brother, tracked them down and captured them.
Suttung was not harmless and simple like Gilling, his brother. He was cunning and he was covetous. Once they were in his hands the Dwarfs had no chance of making an escape. He took them and left them on a rock in the sea, a rock that the tide would cover.
The Giant stood up in the water taller than the rock, and the tide as it came in did not rise above his knees. He stood there watching the Dwarfs as the water rose up round them and they became more and more terrified.
"Oh, take us off the rock, good Suttung," they cried out to him. "Take us off the rock and we will give you gold and jewels. Take us off the rock and we will give you a necklace as beautiful as Brisingamen." So they cried out to him, but the Giant Suttung only laughed at them. He had no need of gold or jewels.
Then Fialar and Galar cried out: "Take us off the rock and we will give you the jars of the Magic Mead we have brewed."
"The Magic Mead," said Suttung. "This is something that no one else has. It would be well to get it, for it might help us in the battle against the Gods. Yes, I will get the Magic Mead from them."
He took the band of Dwarfs off the rock, but he held[Pg 93] Galar and Fialar, their chiefs, while the others went into their caverns and brought up the jars of the Magic Mead. Suttung took the Mead and brought it to a cavern in a mountain near his dwelling. And thus it happened that the Magic Mead, brewed by the Dwarfs through cruelty and villainy, came into the hands of the Giants. And the story now tells how Odin, the Eldest of the Gods, at that time in the world as Vegtam the Wanderer, took the Magic Mead out of Suttung's possession and brought it into the world of men.
Now, Suttung had a daughter named Gunnlöd, and she by her goodness and her beauty was like Gerda and Skadi, the Giant maids whom the Dwellers in Asgard favored. Suttung, that he might have a guardian for the Magic Mead, enchanted Gunnlöd, turning her from a beautiful Giant maiden into a witch with long teeth and sharp nails. He shut her into the cavern where the jars of the Magic Mead were hidden.
Odin heard of the death of Kvasir whom he honored above all men. The Dwarfs who slew him he had closed up in their caverns so that they were never again able to come out into the World of Men. And then he set out to get the Magic Mead that he might give it to men, so that, tasting it, they would have wisdom, and words would be at their command that would make wisdom loved and remembered.
How Odin won the Magic Mead out of the rock-covered cavern where Suttung had hidden it, and how he broke the enchantment that lay upon Gunnlöd, Suttung's daugh[Pg 94]ter, is a story often told around the hearths of men.
Nine strong thralls were mowing in a field as a Wanderer went by clad in a dark blue cloak and carrying a wanderer's staff in his hand. One of the thralls spoke to the Wanderer: "Tell them in the house of Baugi up yonder that I can mow no more until a whetstone to sharpen my scythe is sent to me." "Here is a whetstone," said the Wanderer, and he took one from his belt. The thrall who had spoken whetted his scythe with it and began to mow. The grass went down before his scythe as if the wind had cut it. "Give us the whetstone, give us the whetstone," cried the other thralls. The Wanderer threw the whetstone amongst them, leaving them quarreling over it, and went on his way.
The Wanderer came to the house of Baugi, the brother of Suttung. He rested in Baugi's house, and at supper time he was given food at the great table. And while he was eating with the Giant a Messenger from the field came in.
"Baugi," said the Messenger, "your nine thralls are all dead. They killed each other with their scythes, fighting in the field about a whetstone. There are no thralls now to do your work."
"What shall I do, what shall I do?" said Baugi the Giant. "My fields will not be mown now, and I shall have no hay to feed my cattle and my horses in the winter."
"I might work for you," said the Wanderer.
"One man's work is no use to me," said the Giant, "I must have the work of nine men."[Pg 95]
"I shall do the work of nine men," said the Wanderer, "give me a trial, and see."
The next day Vegtam the Wanderer went into Baugi's field. He did as much work as the nine thralls had done in a day.
"Stay with me for the season," said Baugi, "and I shall give you a full reward."
So Vegtam stayed at the Giant's house and worked in the Giant's fields, and when all the work of the season was done Baugi said to him:
"Speak now and tell me what reward I am to give you."
"The only reward I shall ask of you," said Vegtam, "is a draught of the Magic Mead."
"The Magic Mead?" said Baugi. "I do not know where it is nor how to get it."
"Your brother Suttung has it. Go to him and claim a draught of the Magic Mead for me."
Baugi went to Suttung. But when he heard what he had come for, the Giant Suttung turned on his brother in a rage.
"A draught of the Magic Mead?" he said. "To no one will I give a draught of the Magic Mead. Have I not enchanted my daughter Gunnlöd, so that she may watch over it? And you tell me that a Wanderer who has done the work of nine men for you asks a draught of the Magic Mead for his fee! O Giant as foolish as Gilling! O oaf of a Giant! Who could have done such work for you, and who would demand such a fee from you, but one of our ene[Pg 96]mies, the Æsir? Go from me now and never come to me again with talk of the Magic Mead."
Baugi went back to his house and told the Wanderer that Suttung would yield none of the Magic Mead. "I hold you to your bargain," said Vegtam the Wanderer, "and you will have to get me the fee I asked. Come with me now and help me to get it."
He made Baugi bring him to the place where the Magic Mead was hidden. The place was a cavern in the mountain. In front of that cavern was a great mass of stone.
"We cannot move that stone nor get through it," said Baugi. "I cannot help you to your fee."
The Wanderer drew an auger from his belt. "This will bore through the rock if there is strength behind it. You have the strength, Giant. Begin now and bore."
Baugi took the auger in his hands and bored with all his strength, and the Wanderer stood by leaning on his staff, calm and majestic in his cloak of blue.
"I have made a deep, deep hole. It goes through the rock," Baugi said, at last.
The Wanderer went to the hole and blew into it. The dust of the rock flew back into their faces.
"So that is your boasted strength, Giant," he said. "You have not bored half-way through the rock. Work again."
Then Baugi took the auger again and he bored deeper and deeper into the rock. And he blew into it, and lo! His breath went through. Then he looked at the Wanderer to see what he would do; his eyes had become fierce and he held the auger in his hand as if it were a stabbing knife.[Pg 97]
"Look up to the head of the rock," said the Wanderer. As Baugi looked up the Wanderer changed himself into a snake and glided into the hole in the rock. And Baugi struck at him with the auger, hoping to kill him, but the snake slipped through.
Behind the mighty rock there was a hollow place all lighted up by the shining crystals in the rock. And within the hollow place there was an ill-looking witch, with long teeth and sharp nails. But she sat there rocking herself and letting tears fall from her eyes. "O youth and beauty," she sang, "O sight of men and women, sad, sad for me it is that you are shut away, and that I have only this closed-in cavern and this horrible form."
A snake glided across the floor. "Oh, that you were deadly and that you might slay me," cried the witch. The snake glided past her. Then she heard a voice speak softly: "Gunnlöd, Gunnlöd!" She looked round, and there standing behind her was a majestic man, clad in a cloak of dark blue, Odin, the Eldest of the Gods.
"You have come to take the Magic Mead that my father has set me here to guard," she cried. "You shall not have it. Rather shall I spill it out on the thirsty earth of the cavern."
"Gunnlöd," he said, and he came to her. She looked at him and she felt the red blood of youth come back into her cheeks. She put her hands with their sharp nails over her breast, and she felt the nails drive into her flesh. "Save me from all this ugliness," she cried.
"I will save you," Odin said. He went to her. He took[Pg 98] her hands and held them. He kissed her on the mouth. All the marks of ill favor went from her. She was no longer bent, but tall and shapely. Her eyes became wide and deep blue. Her mouth became red and her hands soft and beautiful. She became as fair as Gerda, the Giant maid whom Frey had wed.
They stayed looking at each other, then they sat down side by side and talked softly to each other, Odin, the Eldest of the Gods, and Gunnlöd, the beautiful Giant maiden.
She gave him the three jars of the Magic Mead and she told him she would go out of the cavern with him. Three days passed and still they were together. Then Odin by his wisdom found hidden paths and passages that led out of the cavern and he brought Gunnlöd out into the light of the day.
And he brought with him the jars of the Magic Mead, the Mead whose taste gives wisdom, and wisdom in such beautiful words that all love and remember it. And Gunnlöd, who had tasted a little of the Magic Mead, wandered through the world singing of the beauty and the might of Odin, and of her love for him.
ODIN TELLS TO VIDAR, HIS SILENT SON,
THE SECRET OF HIS DOINGS
It was not only to Giants and Men that Odin showed himself in the days when he went through Jötunheim and Midgard as Vegtam the Wanderer. He met and he spoke with the Gods also, with one who lived far away from Asgard and with others who came to Midgard and to Jötunheim.
The one who lived far away from Asgard was Vidar, Odin's silent son. Far within a wilderness, with branches and tall grass growing around him, Vidar sat. And near by him a horse grazed with a saddle upon it, a horse that was ever ready for the speedy journey.
And Odin, now Vegtam the Wanderer, came into that silent place and spoke to Vidar, the Silent God.
"O Vidar," he said, "strangest of all my sons; God who[Pg 100] will live when all of us have passed away; God who will bring the memory of the Dwellers of Asgard into a world that will know not their power; O Vidar, well do I know why there grazes near by thee the horse ever ready for the speedy journey: it is that thou mayst spring upon it and ride unchecked, a son speeding to avenge his father.
"To you only, O Vidar the Silent One, will I speak of the secrets of my doings. Who but you can know why I, Odin, the Eldest of the Gods, hung on the tree Ygdrassil nine days and nine nights, mine own spear transfixing me? I hung upon that windy tree that I might learn the wisdom that would give me power in the nine worlds. On the ninth night the Runes of Wisdom appeared before mine eyes, and slipping down from the tree I took them to myself.
"And I shall tell why my ravens fly to thee, carrying in their beaks scraps of leather. It is that thou mayst make for thyself a sandal; with that sandal on thou mayst put thy foot on the lower jaw of a mighty wolf and rend him. All the shoemakers of the earth throw on the ground scraps of the leather they use so that thou mayst be able to make the sandal for thy wolf-rending foot.
"And I have counseled the dwellers on earth to cut off the fingernails and the toenails of their dead, lest from those fingernails and toenails the Giants make for themselves the ship Naglfar in which they will sail from the North on the day of Ragnarök, the Twilight of the Gods.
"More, Vidar, I will tell to thee. I, living amongst men, have wed the daughter of a hero. My son shall live as a[Pg 101] mortal amongst mortals. Sigi his name shall be. From him shall spring heroes who will fill Valhalla, my own hall in Asgard, with heroes against the day of our strife with the Giants and with Surtur of the Flaming Sword."
For long Odin stayed in that silent place communing with his silent son, with Vidar, who with his brother would live beyond the lives of the Dwellers of Asgard and who would bring into another day and another world the memory of the Æsir and the Vanir. For long Odin spoke with him, and then he went across the wilderness where the grass and the bushes grew and where that horse grazed in readiness for the sudden journey. He went toward the seashore where the Æsir and the Vanir were now gathered for the feast that old Ægir, the Giant King of the Sea, had offered them.
[Pg 102]
THOR AND LOKI IN THE GIANTS' CITY
All but a few of the Dwellers of Asgard had come to the feast offered by Ægir the Old, the Giant King of the Sea. Frigga, the queenly wife of Odin, was there, and Frey and Freya; Iduna, who guarded the Apples of Youth, and Bragi, her husband; Tyr, the great swordsman, and Niörd, the God of the Sea, Skadi, who wedded Niörd and whose hatred for Loki was fierce, and Sif, whose golden hair was once shorn off by Loki the mischievous. Thor and Loki were there. The Dwellers of Asgard, gathered together in the hall of Ægir, waited for Odin.
Before Odin came Loki made the company merry by the tales that he told in mockery of Thor. Loki long since had his lips unloosed from the thong that the Dwarf Brock had sewn them with. And Thor had forgotten the wrong[Pg 103] that he had done to Sif. Loki had been with Thor in his wanderings through Jötunheim, and about these wanderings he now told mocking tales.
He told how he had seen Thor in his chariot of brass drawn by two goats go across Bifröst, the Rainbow Bridge. None of the Æsir or the Vanir knew on what adventure Thor was bent. But Loki followed him and Thor kept him in his company.
As they traveled on in the brass chariot drawn by the two goats, Thor told Loki of the adventure on which he was bent. He would go into Jötunheim, even into Utgard, the Giants' City, and he would try his strength against the Giants. He was not afraid of aught that might happen, for he carried Miölnir, his hammer, with him.
Their way was through Midgard, the World of Men. Once, as they were traveling on, night came upon them as they were hungry and in need of shelter. They saw a peasant's hut and they drove the chariot toward it. Unyoking the goats and leaving them standing in a hollow beside the chariot, the two, looking not like Dwellers in Asgard, but like men traveling through the country, knocked at the door of the hut and asked for food and shelter.
They could have shelter, the peasant and his wife told them, but they could not have food. There was little in that place, and what little there had been they had eaten for supper. The peasant showed them the inside of the hut: it was poor and bare, and there was nothing there to give anyone. In the morning, the peasant said, he would go down to the river and catch some fish for a meal.[Pg 104]
"We can't wait until morning, we must eat now," said Thor, "and I think I can provide a good meal for us all." He went over to where his goats stood in the hollow beside the chariot of brass, and, striking them with his hammer, he left them lifeless on the ground. He skinned the goats then, and taking up the bones very carefully, he left them down on the skins. Skins and bones he lifted up and bringing them into the house he left them in a hole above the peasant's fireplace. "No one," said he in a commanding voice, "must touch the bones that I leave here."
Then he brought the meat into the house. Soon it was cooked and laid smoking on the table. The peasant and his wife and his son sat round the board with Thor and Loki. They had not eaten plentifully for many days, and now the man and the woman fed themselves well.
Thialfi was the name of the peasant's son. He was a growing lad and had an appetite that had not been satisfied for long. While the meat was on the table his father and mother had kept him going here and there, carrying water, putting fagots on the fire, and holding a blazing stick so that those at the table might see to eat. There was not much left for him when he was able to sit down, for Thor and Loki had great appetites, and the lad's father and mother had eaten to make up for days of want. So Thialfi got little out of that plentiful feast.
When the meal was finished they lay down on the benches. Thor, because he had made a long journey that day, slept very soundly. Thialfi lay down on a bench, too, but his thoughts were still upon the food. When all were[Pg 105] asleep, he thought, he would take one of the bones that were in the skins above him, and break and gnaw it.
So in the dead of the night the lad stood up on the bench and took down the goatskins that Thor had left so carefully there. He took out a bone, broke it, and gnawed it for the marrow. Loki was awake and saw him do this, but he, relishing mischief as much as ever, did nothing to stay the lad.
He put the bone he had broken back in the skins and he left the skins back in the hole above the fireplace. Then he went to sleep on the bench.
In the morning, as soon as they were up, the first thing Thor did was to take the skins out of the hole. He carried them carefully out to the hollow where he had left the goats standing. He put each goatskin down with the bones in it. He struck each with his hammer, and the goats sprang up alive, horns and hoofs and all.
But one was not as he had been before. He limped badly. Thor examined the leg and found out that one bone was broken. In terrible anger he turned on the peasant, his wife, and his son. "A bone of this goat has been broken under your roof," he shouted. "For that I shall destroy your house and leave you all dead under it." Thialfi wept. Then he came forward and touched the knees of Thor. "I did not know what harm I did," he said. "I broke the bone."
Thor had his hammer lifted up to crush him into the earth. But he could not bring it down on the weeping boy. He let his hammer rest on the ground again. "You will[Pg 106] have to do much service for me for having lamed my goat," he said. "Come with me."
And so the lad Thialfi went off with Thor and Loki. Thor took in his powerful hands the shafts of the chariot of brass and he dragged it into a lonely mountain hollow where neither men nor Giants came. And they left the goats in a great, empty forest to stay resting there until Thor called to them again.
Thor and Loki and the lad Thialfi went across from Midgard into Jötunheim. Because of Miölnir, the great hammer that he carried, Thor felt safe in the Realm of the Giants. And Loki, who trusted in his own cunning, felt safe, too. The lad Thialfi trusted in Thor so much that he had no fear. They were long in making the journey, and while they were traveling Thor and Loki trained Thialfi to be a quick and a strong lad.
One day they came out on a moor. All day they crossed it, and at night it still stretched far before them. A great wind was blowing, night was falling, and they saw no shelter near. In the dusk they saw a shape that looked to be a mountain and they went toward it, hoping to find some shelter in a cave.
Then Loki saw a lower shape that looked as if it might be a shelter. They walked around it, Loki and Thor and the lad Thialfi. It was a house, but a house most oddly shaped. The entrance was a long, wide hall that had no doorway. When they entered this hall they found five long and narrow chambers running off it. "It is an odd place, but it is the best shelter we can get," Loki said. "You and[Pg 107] I, Thor, will take the two longest rooms, and the lad Thialfi can take one of the little rooms."
They entered their chambers and they lay down to sleep. But from the mountain outside there came a noise that was like moaning forests and falling cataracts. The chamber where each one slept was shaken by the noise. Neither Thor nor Loki nor the lad Thialfi slept that night.
In the morning they left the five-chambered house and turned their faces toward the mountain. It was not a mountain at all, but a Giant. He was lying on the ground when they saw him, but just then he rolled over and sat up. "Little men, little men," he shouted to them, "have you passed by a glove of mine on your way?" He stood up and looked all around him. "Ho, I see my glove now," he said. Thor and Loki and the lad Thialfi stood still as the Giant came toward them. He leaned over and picked up the five-roomed shelter they had slept in. He put it on his hand. It was really his glove!
Thor gripped his hammer, and Loki and the lad Thialfi stood behind him. But the Giant seemed good-humored enough. "Where might ye be bound for, little men?" said he.
"To Utgard in Jötunheim," Thor replied boldly.
"Oh, to that place," said the Giant. "Come, then, I shall be with ye so far. You can call me Skyrmir."
"Can you give us breakfast?" said Thor. He spoke crossly, for he did not want it to appear that there was any reason to be afraid of the Giant.
"I can give you breakfast," said Skyrmir, "but I don't[Pg 108] want to stop to eat now. We'll sit down as soon as I have an appetite. Come along now. Here is my wallet to carry. It has my provisions in it."
He gave Thor his wallet. Thor put it on his back and put Thialfi sitting upon it. On and on the Giant strode and Thor and Loki were barely able to keep up with him. It was midday before he showed any signs of halting to take breakfast.
They came to an enormous tree. Under it Skyrmir sat down. "I'll sleep before I eat," he said, "but you can open my wallet, my little men, and make your meal out of it." Saying this, he stretched himself out, and in a few minutes Thor and Loki and the lad Thialfi heard the same sounds as kept them awake the night before, sounds that were like forests moaning and cataracts falling. It was Skyrmir's snoring.
Thor and Loki and the lad Thialfi were too hungry now to be disturbed by these tremendous noises. Thor tried to open the wallet, but he found it was not easy to undo the knots. Then Loki tried to open it. In spite of all Loki's cunning he could not undo the knots. Then Thor took the wallet from him and tried to break the knots by main strength. Not even Thor's strength could break them. He threw the wallet down in his rage.
The snoring of Skyrmir became louder and louder. Thor stood up in his rage. He grasped Miölnir and flung it at the head of the sleeping Giant.
The hammer struck him on the head. But Skyrmir only stirred in his sleep. "Did a leaf fall on my head?" he said.[Pg 109]
He turned round on the other side and went to sleep again. The hammer came back to Thor's hand. As soon as Skyrmir snored he flung it again, aiming at the Giant's forehead. It struck there. The Giant opened his eyes. "Has an acorn fallen on my forehead?" he said.
Again he went to sleep. But now Thor, terribly roused, stood over his head with the hammer held in his hands. He struck him on the forehead. It was the greatest blow that Thor had ever dealt.
"A bird is pecking at my forehead—there is no chance to sleep here," said Skyrmir, sitting up. "And you, little men, did you have breakfast yet? Toss over my wallet to me and I shall give you some provision." The lad Thialfi brought him the wallet. Skyrmir opened it, took out his provisions, and gave a share to Thor and Loki and the lad Thialfi. Thor would not take provision from him, but Loki and the lad Thialfi took it and ate. When the meal was finished Skyrmir rose up and said, "Time for us to be going toward Utgard."
As they went on their way Skyrmir talked to Loki. "I always feel very small when I go into Utgard," he said. "You see, I'm such a small and a weak fellow and the folk who live there are so big and powerful. But you and your friends will be welcomed in Utgard. They will be sure to make little pets of you."
And then he left them and they went into Utgard, the City of the Giants. Giants were going up and down in the streets. They were not so huge as Skyrmir would have them believe, Loki noticed.[Pg 110]
Utgard was the Asgard of the Giants. But in its buildings there was not a line of the beauty that there was in the palaces of the Gods, Gladsheim and Breidablik or Fensalir. Huge but shapeless the buildings arose, like mountains or icebergs. O beautiful Asgard with the dome above it of the deepest blue! Asgard with the clouds around it heaped up like mountains of diamonds! Asgard with its Rainbow Bridge and its glittering gates! O beautiful Asgard, could it be indeed that these Giants would one day overthrow you?
Thor and Loki with the lad Thialfi went to the palace of the King. The hammer that Thor gripped would, they knew, make them safe even there. They passed between rows of Giant guards and came to the King's seat. "We know you, Thor and Loki," said the Giant King, "and we know that Thor has come to Utgard to try his strength against the Giants. We shall have a contest tomorrow. Today there are sports for our boys. If your young servant should like to try his swiftness against our youths, let him enter the race today."
Now Thialfi was the best runner in Midgard and all the time he had been with them Loki and Thor had trained him in quickness. And so Thialfi was not fearful of racing against the Giants' youths.
The King called on one named Hugi and placed him against Thialfi. The pair started together. Thialfi sped off. Loki and Thor watched the race anxiously, for they thought it would be well for them if they had a triumph over the dwellers in Utgard in the first contest. But they[Pg 111] saw Hugi leave Thialfi behind. They saw the Giant youth reach the winning post, circle round it, and come back to the starting place before Thialfi had reached the end of the course.
Thialfi, who did not know how it was that he had been beaten, asked that he be let run the race with Hugi again. The pair started off once more, and this time it did not seem to Thor and Loki that Hugi had left the starting place at all—he was back there almost as soon as the race had started.
They came back from the racing ground to the palace. The Giant King and his friends with Thor and Loki sat down to the supper table. "Tomorrow," said the King, "we shall have our great contest when Asa Thor will show us his power. Have you of Asgard ever heard of one who would enter a contest in eating? We might have a contest in eating at this supper board if we could get one who would match himself with Logi here. He can eat more than anyone in Jötunheim."
"And I," said Loki, "can eat more than any two in Jötunheim. I will match myself against your Logi."
"Good!" said the Giant King. And all the Giants present said, "Good! This will be a sight worth seeing."
Then they put scores of plates along one side of the table, each plate filled with meat. Loki began at one end and Logi began at the other. They started to eat, moving toward each other as each cleared a plate. Plate after plate was emptied, and Thor standing by with the Giants was amazed to see how much Loki ate. But Logi on the other[Pg 112] side was leaving plate after plate emptied. At last the two stood together with scores of plates on each side of them. "He has not defeated me," cried Loki. "I have cleared as many plates as your champion, O King of the Giants."
"But you have not cleared them so well," said the King.
"Loki has eaten all the meat that was upon them," said Thor.
"But Logi has eaten the bones with the meat," said the Giant King. "Look and see if it be not so."
Thor went to the plates. Where Loki had eaten, the bones were left on the plates. Where Logi had eaten, nothing was left: bones as well as meat were consumed, and all the plates were left bare.
"We are beaten," said Thor to Loki.
"Tomorrow, Thor," said Loki, "you must show all your strength or the Giants will cease to dread the might of the Dwellers in Asgard."
"Be not afraid," said Thor. "No one in Jötunheim will triumph over me."
The next day Thor and Loki came into the great hall of Utgard. The Giant King was there with a throng of his friends. Thor marched into the hall with Miölnir, his great hammer, in his hands. "Our young men have been drinking out of this horn," said the King, "and they want to know if you, Asa Thor, would drink out of it a morning draught. But I must tell you that they think that no one of the Æsir could empty the horn at one draught."
"Give it to me," said Thor. "There is no horn you can hand me that I cannot empty at a draught."[Pg 113]
A great horn, brimmed and flowing, was brought over to him. Handing Miölnir to Loki and bidding him stand so that he might keep the hammer in sight, Thor raised the horn to his mouth. He drank and drank. He felt sure there was not a drop left in the horn as he laid it on the ground. "There," he gasped, "your Giant horn is drained."
The Giants looked within the horn and laughed. "Drained, Asa Thor!" said the Giant King. "Look into the horn again. You have hardly drunk below the brim."
And Thor looked into it and saw that the horn was not half emptied. In a mighty rage he lifted it to his lips again. He drank and drank and drank. Then, satisfied that he had emptied it to the bottom, he left the horn on the ground and walked over to the other side of the hall.
"Thor thinks he has drained the horn," said one of the Giants, lifting it up. "But see, friends, what remains in it."
Thor strode back and looked again into the horn. It was still half filled. He turned round to see that all the Giants were laughing at him.
"Asa Thor, Asa Thor," said the Giant King, "we know not how you are going to deal with us in the next feat, but you certainly are not able to drink against the Giants."
Said Thor: "I can lift up and set down any being in your hall."
As he said this a great iron-colored cat bounded into the hall and stood before Thor, her back arched and her fur bristling.
"Then lift the cat off the ground," said the Giant King.
Thor strode to the cat, determined to lift her up and[Pg 114] fling her amongst the mocking Giants. He put his hands to the cat, but he could not raise her. Up, up went Thor's arms, up, up, as high as they could go. The cat's arched back went up to the roof, but her feet were never taken off the ground. And as he heaved and heaved with all his might he heard the laughter of the Giants all round him.
He turned away, his eyes flaming with anger. "I am not wont to try to lift cats," he said. "Bring me one to wrestle with, and I swear you shall see me overthrow him."
"Here is one for you to wrestle with, Asa Thor," said the King. Thor looked round and saw an old woman hobbling toward him. She was blear-eyed and toothless. "This is Ellie, my ancient nurse," said the Giant King. "She is the one we would have you wrestle with."
"Thor does not wrestle with old women. I will lay my hands on your tallest Giants instead."
"Ellie has come where you are," said the Giant King. "Now it is she who will lay hands upon you."
The old woman hobbled toward Thor, her eyes gleaming under her falling fringes of gray hair. Thor stood, unable to move as the hag came toward him. She laid her hands upon his arms. Her feet began to trip at his. He tried to cast her from him. Then he found that her feet and her hands were as strong against his as bands and stakes of iron.
Then began a wrestling match in earnest between Thor and the ancient crone Ellie. Round and round the hall they wrestled, and Thor was not able to bend the old woman backward nor sideways. Instead he became less[Pg 115] and less able under her terrible grasp. She forced him down, down, and at last he could only save himself from being left prone on the ground by throwing himself down on one knee and holding the hag by the shoulders. She tried to force him down on the ground, but she could not do that. Then she broke from him, hobbled to the door and went out of the hall.
Thor rose up and took the hammer from Loki's hands. Without a word he went out of the hall and along the ways and toward the gate of the Giants' City. He spoke no word to Loki nor to the lad Thialfi who went with him for the seven weeks that they journeyed through Jötunheim.
HOW THOR AND LOKI BEFOOLED
THRYM THE GIANT
Loki told another tale about Thor—about Thor and Thrym, a stupid Giant who had cunning streaks in him. Loki and Thor had been in this Giant's house. He had made a feast for them and Thor had been unwatchful.
Then when they were far from Jötunheim Thor missed Miölnir, missed the hammer that was the defence of Asgard and the help of the Gods. He could not remember how or where he had mislaid it. Loki's thoughts went toward Thrym, that stupid Giant who yet had cunning streaks in him. Thor, who had lost the hammer that he had sworn never to let out of his sight, did not know what to do.
But Loki thought it would be worth while to see if Thrym knew anything about it. He went first to Asgard.[Pg 117] He hurried across the Rainbow Bridge and passed Heimdall without speaking to him. To none of the Dwellers in Asgard whom he met did he dare relate the tidings of Thor's loss. He spoke to none until he came to Frigga's palace.
To Frigga he said, "You must lend me your falcon dress until I fly to Thrym's dwelling and find out if he knows where Miölnir is."
"If every feather was silver I would give it to you to go on such an errand," Frigga said.
So Loki put on the falcon dress and flew to Jötunheim and came near Thrym's dwelling. He found the Giant upon a hillside putting golden and silver collars upon the necks of his hounds. Loki in the plumage of a falcon perched on the rock above him, watching the Giant with falcon eyes.
And while he was there he heard the Giant speak boastful words. "I put collars of silver and gold on you now, my hounds," said he, "but soon we Giants will have the gold of Asgard to deck our hounds and our steeds, yea, even the necklace of Freya to put upon you, the best of my hounds. For Miölnir, the defence of Asgard, is in Thrym's holding."
Then Loki spoke to him. "Yea, we know that Miölnir is in thy possession, O Thrym," said he, "but know thou that the eyes of the watchful Gods are upon thee."
"Ha, Loki, Shape-changer," said Thrym, "you are there! But all your watching will not help you to find Miölnir.[Pg 118] I have buried Thor's hammer eight miles deep in the earth. Find it if you can. It is below the caves of the Dwarfs."
"It is useless for us to search for Thor's hammer," said Loki; "eh Thrym?"
"It is useless for you to search for it," said the Giant sulkily.
"But what a recompense you would gain if you restored Thor's hammer to the Dwellers in Asgard," Loki said.
"No, cunning Loki, I will never restore it, not for any recompense," said Thrym.
"Yet bethink thee, Thrym," said Loki. "Is there nought in Asgard you would like to own? No treasure, no possession? Odin's ring or Frey's ship, Skidbladnir?"
"No, no," said Thrym. "Only one thing could the Dwellers in Asgard offer me that I would take in exchange for Miölnir, Thor's hammer."
"And what would that be, Thrym?" said Loki, flying toward him.
"She whom many Giants have striven to gain—Freya, for my wife," said Thrym.
Loki watched Thrym for long with his falcon eyes. He saw that the Giant would not alter his demand. "I will tell the Dwellers in Asgard of your demand," he said at last, and he flew away.
Loki knew that the Dwellers in Asgard would never let Freya be taken from them to become the wife of Thrym, the stupidest of the Giants. He flew back.
By this time all the Dwellers in Asgard had heard of the[Pg 119] loss of Miölnir, the help of the Gods. Heimdall shouted to him as he crossed the Rainbow Bridge to ask what tidings he brought back. But Loki did not stop to speak to the Warden of the Bridge but went straight to the hall where the Gods sat in Council.
To the Æsir and the Vanir he told Thrym's demand. None would agree to let the beautiful Freya go live in Jötunheim as a wife to the stupidest of the Giants. All in the Council were cast down. The Gods would never again be able to help mortal men, for now that Miölnir was in the Giants' hands all their strength would have to be used in the defence of Asgard.
So they sat in the Council with looks downcast. But cunning Loki said, "I have thought of a trick that may win back the hammer from stupid Thrym. Let us pretend to send Freya to Jötunheim as a bride for him. But let one of the Gods go in Freya's veil and dress."
"Which of the Gods would bring himself to do so shameful a thing?" said those in the Council.
"Oh, he who lost the hammer, Thor, should be prepared to do as much to win it back," said Loki.
"Thor, Thor! Let Thor win back the hammer from Thrym by Loki's trick," said the Æsir and the Vanir. They left it to Loki to arrange how Thor should go to Jötunheim as a bride for Thrym.
Loki left the Council of the Gods and came to where he had left Thor. "There is but one way to win the hammer back, Thor," he said, "and the Gods in Council have decreed that you shall take it."[Pg 120]
"What is the way?" said Thor. "But no matter what it is, tell me of it and I shall do as thou dost say."
"Then," said laughing Loki, "I am to take you to Jötunheim as a bride for Thrym. Thou art to go in bridal dress and veil, in Freya's veil and bridal dress."
"What! I dress in woman's garb?" shouted Thor.
"Yea, Thor, and wear a veil over your head and a garland of flowers upon it."
"I—I wear a garland of flowers?"
"And rings upon thy fingers. And a bunch of housekeeper's keys in thy girdle."
"Cease thy mockery, Loki," said Thor roughly, "or I shall shake thee."
"It is no mockery. Thou wilt have to do this to win Miölnir back for the defence of Asgard. Thrym will take no other recompense than Freya. I would mock him by bringing thee to him in Freya's veil and dress. When thou art in his hall and he asks thee to join hands with him, say thou wilt not until he puts Miölnir into thy hands. Then when thy mighty hammer is in thy holding thou canst deal with him and with all in his hall. And I shall be with thee as thy bridesmaid! O sweet, sweet maiden Thor!"
"Loki," said Thor, "thou didst devise all this to mock me. I in a bridal dress! I with a bride's veil upon me! The Dwellers in Asgard will never cease to laugh at me."
"Yea," said Loki, "but there will never be laughter again in Asgard unless thou art able to bring back the hammer that thine unwatchfulness lost."
"True," said Thor unhappily, "and is this, thinkst[Pg 121] thou, Loki, the only way to win back Miölnir from Thrym?"
"It is the only way, O Thor," said the cunning Loki.
So Thor and Loki set out for Jötunheim and the dwelling of Thrym. A messenger had gone before them to tell Thrym that Freya was coming with her bridesmaid; that the wedding-feast was to be prepared and the guests gathered and that Miölnir was to be at hand so that it might be given over to the Dwellers in Asgard. Thrym and his Giant mother hastened to have everything in readiness.
Thor and Loki came to the Giant's house in the dress of a bride and a bridesmaid. A veil was over Thor's head hiding his beard and his fierce eyes. A red-embroidered robe he wore and at his side hung a girdle of housekeeper's keys. Loki was veiled, too. The hall of Thrym's great house was swept and garnished and great tables were laid for the feast. And Thrym's mother was going from one guest to another, vaunting that her son was getting one of the beauteous Dwellers in Asgard for his bride, Freya, whom so many of the Giants had tried to win.
When Thor and Loki stepped across the threshold Thrym went to welcome them. He wanted to raise the veil of his bride and give her a kiss. Loki quickly laid his hand on the Giant's shoulder.
"Forbear," he whispered. "Do not raise her veil. We Dwellers in Asgard are reserved and bashful. Freya would be much offended to be kissed before this company."
"Aye, aye," said Thrym's old mother. "Do not raise thy bride's veil, son. These Dwellers in Asgard are more re[Pg 122]fined in their ways than we, the Giants." Then the old woman took Thor by the hand and led him to the table.
The size and the girth of the bride did not surprise the huge Giants who were in the wedding company. They stared at Thor and Loki, but they could see nothing of their faces and little of their forms because of their veils.
Thor sat at the table with Thrym on one side of him and Loki on the other. Then the feast began. Thor, not noticing that what he did was unbecoming to a refined maiden, ate eight salmon right away. Loki nudged him and pressed his foot, but he did not heed Loki. After the salmon he ate a whole ox.
"These maids of Asgard," said the Giants to each other, "they may be refined, as Thrym's mother says, but their appetites are lusty enough."
"No wonder she eats, poor thing," said Loki to Thrym. "It is eight days since we left Asgard. And Freya never ate upon the way, so anxious was she to see Thrym and to come to his house."
"Poor darling, poor darling," said the Giant. "What she has eaten is little after all."
Thor nodded his head toward the mead vat. Thrym ordered his servants to bring a measure to his bride. The servants were kept coming with measures to Thor. While the Giants watched, and while Loki nudged and nodded, he drank three barrels of mead.
"Oh," said the Giants to Thrym's mother, "we are not so sorry that we failed to win a bride from Asgard."
And now a piece of the veil slipped aside and Thor's[Pg 123] eyes were seen for an instant. "Oh, how does it come that Freya has such glaring eyes?" said Thrym.
"Poor thing, poor thing," said Loki, "no wonder her eyes are glaring and staring. She has not slept for eight nights, so anxious was she to come to you and to your house, Thrym. But now the time has come for you to join hands with your bride. First, put into her hands the hammer Miölnir that she may know the great recompense that the Giants have given for her coming."
Then Thrym, the stupidest of the Giants, rose up and brought Miölnir, the defence of Asgard, into the feasting hall. Thor could hardly restrain himself from springing up and seizing it from the Giant. But Loki was able to keep him still. Thrym brought over the hammer and put the handle into the hands of her whom he thought was his bride. Thor's hands closed on his hammer. Instantly he stood up. The veil fell off him. His countenance and his blazing eyes were seen by all. He struck one blow on the wall of the house. Down it crashed. Then Thor went striding out of the ruin with Loki beside him, while within the Giants bellowed as the roof and walls fell down on them. And so was Miölnir, the defence of Asgard, lost and won back.
ÆGIR'S FEAST:
HOW THOR TRIUMPHED
The time between midday and evening wore on while the Æsir and the Vanir gathered for the feast in old Ægir's hall listened to the stories that Loki told in mockery of Thor. The night came, but no banquet was made ready for the Dwellers in Asgard. They called to Ægir's two underservants, Fimaffenger and Elder, and they bade them bring them a supper. Slight was what they got, but they went to bed saying, "Great must be the preparations that old Ægir is making to feast us tomorrow."
The morrow came and the midday of the morrow, and still the Dwellers in Asgard saw no preparations being made for the banquet. Then Frey rose up and went to seek old Ægir, the Giant King of the Sea. He found him[Pg 125] sitting with bowed head in his inner hall. "Ho, Ægir," he said, "what of the banquet that you have offered to the Dwellers in Asgard?"
Old Ægir mumbled and pulled at his beard. At last he looked his guest in the face and told why the banquet was not being made ready. The mead for the feast was not yet brewed. And there was little chance of being able to brew mead that would do for all, for Ægir's hall was lacking a mead kettle that would contain enough.
When the Æsir and the Vanir heard this they were sorely disappointed. Who now, outside of Asgard, would give them a feast? Ægir was the only one of the Giants who was friendly to them, and Ægir could not give them full entertainment.
Then a Giant youth who was there spoke up and said, "My kinsman, the Giant Hrymer, has a mead kettle that is a mile wide. If we could bring Hrymer's kettle here, what a feast we might have!"
"One of us can go for that kettle," Frey said.
"Ah, but Hrymer's dwelling is beyond the deepest forest and behind the highest mountain," the Giant youth said, "and Hrymer himself is a rough and a churlish one to call on."
"Still, one of us should go," Frey said.
"I will go to Hrymer's dwelling," said Thor, standing up. "I will go to Hrymer's dwelling and get the mile-wide kettle from him by force or cunning." He had been sitting subdued under the mocking tales that Loki told of him and he was pleased with this chance to make his prowess[Pg 126] plain to the Æsir and the Vanir. He buckled on the belt that doubled his strength. He drew on the iron gloves that enabled him to grasp Miölnir. He took his hammer in his hands, and he signed to the Giant youth to come with him and be his guide.
The Æsir and the Vanir applauded Thor as he stepped out of old Ægir's hall. But Loki, mischievous Loki, threw a gibe after him. "Do not let the hammer out of your hands this time, bride of Thrym," he shouted.
Thor, with the Giant youth to guide him, went through the deepest forest and over the highest mountain. He came at last to the Giant's dwelling. On a hillock before Hrymer's house was a dreadful warden; a Giant crone she was, with heads a-many growing out of her shoulders. She was squatting down on her ankles, and her heads, growing in bunches, were looking in different directions. As Thor and the Giant youth came near screams and yelps came from all her heads. Thor grasped his hammer and would have flung it at her if a Giant woman, making a sign of peace, had not come to the door of the dwelling. The youthful Giant who was with Thor greeted her as his mother.
"Son, come within," said she, "and you may bring your fellow farer with you."
The Giant crone—she was Hrymer's grandmother—kept up her screaming and yelping. But Thor went past her and into the Giant's dwelling.
When she saw that it was one of the Dwellers in Asgard who had come with her son the Giant woman grew fearful[Pg 127] for them both. "Hrymer," she said, "will be in a rage to find one of the Æsir under his roof. He will strive to slay you."
"It is not likely he will succeed," Thor said, grasping Miölnir, the hammer that all the Giant race knew of and dreaded.
"Hide from him," said the Giant woman. "He may injure my son in his rage to find you here."
"I am not wont to hide from the Giants," Thor said.
"Hide only for a little while! Hide until Hrymer has eaten," the Giant woman pleaded. "He comes back from the chase in a stormy temper. After he has eaten he is easier to deal with. Hide until he has finished supper."
Thor at last agreed to do this. He and the Giant youth hid behind a pillar in the hall. They were barely hidden when they heard the clatter of the Giant's steps as he came through the courtyard. He came to the door. His beard was like a frozen forest around his mouth. And he dragged along with him a wild bull that he had captured in the chase. So proud was he of his capture that he dragged it into the hall.
"I have taken alive," he shouted, "the bull with the mightiest head and horns. 'Heaven-breaking' this bull is called. No Giant but me could capture it." He tied the bull to the post of the door and then his eyes went toward the pillar behind which Thor and the Giant youth were hiding. The pillar split up its whole length at that look from Hrymer's eyes. He came nearer. The pillar of stone broke across. It fell with the crossbeam it supported and[Pg 128] all the kettles and cauldrons that were hanging on the beam came down with a terrible rattle.
Then Thor stepped out and faced the wrathful Giant. "It is I who am here, friend Hrymer," he said, his hands resting on his hammer.
Then Hrymer, who knew Thor and knew the force of Thor's hammer, drew back. "Now that you are in my house, Asa Thor," he said, "I will not quarrel with you. Make supper ready for Asa Thor and your son and myself," said he to the Giant woman.
A plentiful supper was spread and Hrymer and Thor and the Giant youth sat down to three whole roast oxen. Thor ate the whole of one ox. Hrymer, who had eaten nearly two himself, leaving only small cuts for his wife and his youthful kinsman, grumbled at Thor's appetite. "You'll clear my fields, Asa Thor," he said, "if you stay long with me."
"Do not grumble, Hrymer," Thor said. "Tomorrow I'll go fishing and I'll bring you back the weight of what I ate."
"Then instead of hunting I'll go fishing with you tomorrow, Asa Thor," said Hrymer. "And don't be frightened if I take you out on a rough sea."
Hrymer was first out of bed the next morning. He came with the pole and the ropes in his hand to where Thor was sleeping. "Time to start earning your meal, Asa Thor," said he.
Thor got out of bed, and when they were both in the courtyard the Giant said, "You'll have to provide a bait[Pg 129] for yourself. Mind that you take a bait large enough. It is not where the little fishes are, the place where I'm going to take you. If you never saw monsters before you'll see them now. I'm glad, Asa Thor, that you spoke of going fishing."
"Will this bait be big enough?" said Thor, laying his hands on the horns of the bull that Hrymer had captured and brought home, the bull with the mighty head of horns that was called "Heaven-breaking." "Will this bait be big enough, do you think?"
"Yes, if you're big enough to handle it," said the Giant.
Thor said nothing, but he struck the bull full in the middle of the forehead with his fist. The great creature fell down dead. Thor then twisted the bull's head off. "I have my bait and I'm ready to go with you, Hrymer," he said.
Hrymer had turned away to hide the rage he was in at seeing Thor do such a feat. He walked down to the boat without speaking. "You may row for the first few strokes," said Hrymer, when they were in the boat, "but when we come to where the ocean is rough, why I'll take the oars from you."
Without saying a word Thor made a few strokes that took the boat out into the middle of the ocean. Hrymer was in a rage to think that he could not show himself greater than Thor. He let out his line and began to fish. Soon he felt something huge on his hook. The boat rocked and rocked till Thor steadied it. Then Hrymer drew into the boat the largest whale that was in these seas.[Pg 130]
"Good fishing," said Thor, as he put his own bait on the line.
"It's something for you to tell the Æsir," said Hrymer.
"I thought as you were here I'd show you something bigger than salmon-fishing."
"I'll try my luck now," said Thor.
He threw out a line that had at the end of it the mighty-horned head of the great bull. Down, down the head went. It passed where the whales swim, and the whales were afraid to gulp at the mighty horns. Down, down it went till it came near where the monster serpent that coils itself round the world abides. It reared its head up from its serpent coils as Thor's bait came down through the depths of the ocean. It gulped at the head and drew it into its gullet. There the great hook stuck. Terribly surprised was the serpent monster. It lashed the ocean into a fury. But still the hook stayed. Then it strove to draw down to the depths of the ocean the boat of those who had hooked it. Thor put his legs across the boat and stretched them till they touched the bottom bed of the ocean. On the bottom bed of the ocean Thor stood and he pulled and he pulled on his line. The serpent monster lashed the ocean into fiercer and fiercer storms and all the world's ships were hurled against each other and wrecked and tossed. But it had to loosen coil after coil of the coils it makes around the world. Thor pulled and pulled. Then the terrible head of the serpent monster appeared above the waters. It reared over the boat that Hrymer sat in and that Thor straddled across. Thor dropped the line and took up Miölnir, his mighty hammer. He raised it to strike the[Pg 131] head of the serpent monster whose coils go round the world. But Hrymer would not have that happen. Rather than have Thor pass him by such a feat he cut the line, and the head of the serpent monster sank back into the sea. Thor's hammer was raised. He hurled it, hurled that hammer that always came back to his hand. It followed the sinking head through fathom after fathom of the ocean depth. It struck the serpent monster a blow, but not such a deadly blow as would have been struck if the water had not come between. A bellow of pain came up from the depths of the ocean, such a bellow of pain that all in Jötunheim were affrighted.
"This surely is something to tell the Æsir of," said Thor, "something to make them forget Loki's mockeries."
Without speaking Hrymer turned the boat and rowed toward the shore, dragging the whale in the wake. He was in such a rage to think that one of the Æsir had done a feat surpassing his that he would not speak. At supper, too, he remained silent, but Thor talked for two, boasting loudly of his triumph over the monster serpent.
"No doubt you think yourself very powerful, Asa Thor," Hrymer said at last. "Well, do you think you are powerful enough to break the cup that is before you?"
Thor took up the cup and with a laugh he hurled it against the stone pillar of the house. The cup fell down on the floor without a crack or a dint in it. But the pillar was shattered with the blow.
The Giant laughed. "So feeble are the folk of Asgard!" he said.
Thor took up the cup again and flung it with greater[Pg 132] force against the stone pillar. And again the cup fell to the ground without a crack or a dint.
Then he heard the woman who was the mother of the Giant youth sing softly, as she plied her wheel behind him:
Not at the pillar of the stead,
But at Hrymer's massy head:
When you next the goblet throw,
Let his head receive the blow.
Thor took the cup up again. He flung it, not at the pillar this time, but at Hrymer's head. It struck the Giant full on the forehead and fell down on the floor in pieces. And Hrymer's head was left without a dint or a crack.
"Ha, so you can break a cup, but can you lift up my mile-wide kettle?" cried the Giant.
"Show me where your mile-wide kettle is and I shall try to lift it," cried Thor.
The Giant took up the flooring and showed him the mile-wide kettle down in the cellar. Thor stooped down and took the kettle by the brim. He lifted it slowly as if with a mighty effort.
"You can lift, but can you carry it?" said the Giant.
"I will try to do that," said Thor. He lifted the kettle up and placed it on his head. He strode to the door and out of the house before the Giant could lay hands on him. Then when he was outside he started to run. He was across the mountain before he looked behind him. He heard a yelping and a screaming and he saw the Giant[Pg 133] crone with the bunch of heads running, running after him. Up hill and down dale Thor raced, the mile-wide kettle on his head and the Giant crone in chase of him. Through the deep forest he ran and over the high mountain, but still Bunch-of-Heads kept him in chase. But at last, jumping over a lake, she fell in and Thor was free of his pursuer.
And so back to the Æsir and the Vanir Thor came in triumph, carrying on his head the mile-wide kettle. And those of the Æsir and the Vanir who had laughed most at Loki's mockeries rose up and cheered for him as he came in. The mead was brewed, the feast was spread, and the greatest banquet that ever the Kings of the Giants gave to the Dwellers in Asgard was eaten in gladness.
A strange and silent figure sat at the banquet. It was the figure of a Giant and no one knew who he was nor where he had come from. But when the banquet was ended Odin, the Eldest of the Gods, turned toward this figure and said, "O Skyrmir, Giant King of Utgard, rise up now and tell Thor of all you practiced upon him when he and Loki came to your City."
Then the stranger at the banquet stood up, and Thor and Loki saw he was the Giant King in whose halls they had had the contests. Skyrmir turned toward them and said:
"O Thor and O Loki, I will reveal to you now the deceits I practiced on you both. It was I whom ye met on the moorland on the day before ye came into Utgard. I gave you my name as Skyrmir and I did all I might do to pre[Pg 134]vent your entering our City, for the Giants dreaded a contest of strength with Asa Thor. Now hear me, O Thor. The wallet I gave for you to take provisions out of was tied with magic knots. No one could undo them by strength or cleverness. And while you were striving to undo them I placed a mountain of rock between myself and you. The hammer blows, which as you thought struck me, struck the mountain and made great clefts and gaps in it. When I knew the strength of your tremendous blows I was more and more in dread of your coming into our City.
"I saw you would have to be deceived by magic. Your lad Thialfi was the one whom I first deceived. For it was not a Giant youth who raced against him, but Thought itself. And even you, O Loki, I deceived. For when you tried to make yourself out the greatest of eaters I pitted against you, not a Giant, but Fire that devours everything.
"You, Thor, were deceived in all the contests. After you had taken the drinking horn in your hands we were all affrighted to see how much you were able to gulp down. For the end of that horn was in the sea, and Ægir, who is here, can tell you that after you had drunk from it, the level of the sea went down.
"The cat whom you strove to lift was Nidhögg, the dragon that gnaws at the roots of Ygdrassil, the Tree of Trees. Truly we were terrified when we saw that you made Nidhögg budge. When you made the back of the cat reach the roof of our palace we said to ourselves, 'Thor is the mightiest of all the beings we have known.'[Pg 135]
"Lastly you strove with the hag Ellie. Her strength seemed marvelous to you, and you thought yourself disgraced because you could not throw her. But know, Thor, that Ellie whom you wrestled with was Old Age herself. We were terrified again to see that she who can overthrow all was not able to force you prone upon the ground."
So Skyrmir spoke and then left the hall. And once more the Æsir and the Vanir stood up and cheered for Thor, the strongest of all who guarded Asgard.
THE DWARF'S HOARD, AND
THE CURSE THAT IT BROUGHT
Now old Ægir's feast was over and all the Æsir and the Vanir made ready for their return to Asgard. Two only went on another way—Odin, the Eldest of the Gods, and Loki the Mischievous.
Loki and Odin laid aside all that they had kept of the divine power and the divine strength. They were going into the World of Men, and they would be as men merely. Together they went through Midgard, mingling with men of all sorts, kings and farmers, outlaws and true men, warriors and householders, thralls and councillors, courteous men and men who were ill-mannered. One day they came to the bank of a mighty river and there they rested, listening to the beat of iron upon iron in a place near by.
Presently, on a rock in the middle of the river, they saw[Pg 137] an otter come. The otter went into the water and came back to the rock with a catch of salmon. He devoured it there. Then Odin saw Loki do a senseless and an evil thing. Taking up a great stone he flung it at the otter. The stone struck the beast on the skull and knocked him over dead.
"Loki, Loki, why hast thou done a thing so senseless and so evil?" Odin said. Loki only laughed. He swam across the water and came back with the creature of the river. "Why didst thou take the life of the beast?" Odin said.
"The mischief in me made me do it," said Loki. He drew out his knife and ripping the otter up he began to flay him. When the skin was off the beast he folded it up and stuck it in his belt. Then Odin and he left that place by the river.
They came to a house with two smithies beside it, and from the smithies came the sound of iron beating upon iron. They went within the house and they asked that they might eat there and rest themselves.
An old man who was cooking fish over a fire pointed out a bench to them. "Rest there," said he, "and when the fish is cooked I will give you something good to eat. My son is a fine fisher and he brings me salmon of the best."
Odin and Loki sat on the bench and the old man went on with his cooking. "My name is Hreidmar," he said, "and I have two sons who work in the smithies without. I have a third son also. It is he who does the fishing for us. And who may ye be, O wayfaring men?"
Loki and Odin gave names to Hreidmar that were not[Pg 138] the names by which they were known in Asgard or on Midgard. Hreidmar served fish to them and they ate. "And what adventures have ye met upon your travels?" Hreidmar asked. "Few folk come this way to tell me of happenings."
"I killed an otter with a cast of a stone," Loki said with a laugh.
"You killed an otter!" Hreidmar cried. "Where did you kill one?"
"Where I killed him is of no import to you, old man," said Loki. "His skin is a good one, however. I have it at my belt."
Hreidmar snatched the skin out of Loki's belt. As soon as he held the skin before his eyes he shrieked out, "Fafnir, Regin, my sons, come here and bring the thralls of your smithies. Come, come, come!"
"Why dost thou make such an outcry, old man?" said Odin.
"Ye have slain my son Otter," shrieked the old man. "This in my hands is the skin of my son."
As Hreidmar said this two young men bearing the forehammers of the smithies came in followed by the thralls. "Strike these men dead with your forehammers, O Fafnir, O Regin," their father cried. "Otter, who used to stay in the river, and whom I changed by enchantment into a river beast that he might fish for me, has been slain by these men."
"Peace," said Odin. "We have slain thy son, it would seem, but it was unwittingly that we did the deed. We will give a recompense for the death of thy son."[Pg 139]
"What recompense will ye give?" said Hreidmar, looking at Odin with eyes that were small and sharp.
Then did Odin, the Eldest of the Gods, say a word that was unworthy of his wisdom and his power. He might have said, "I will bring thee a draught of Mimir's well water as a recompense for thy son's death." But instead of thinking of wisdom, Odin All-Father thought of gold. "Set a price on the life of thy son and we will pay that price in gold," he said.
"Maybe ye are great kings traveling through the world," Hreidmar said. "If ye are ye will have to find gold that will cover every hair upon the skin of him whom ye have killed."
Then did Odin, his mind being fixed upon the gold, think upon a certain treasure, a treasure that was guarded by a Dwarf. No other treasure in the nine worlds would be great enough to make the recompense that Hreidmar claimed. He thought upon this treasure and he thought on how it might be taken and yet he was ashamed of his thought.
"Dost thou, Loki, know of Andvari's hoard?" he said.
"I know of it," said Loki sharply, "and I know where it is hidden. Wilt thou, Odin, win leave for me to fetch Andvari's hoard?"
Odin spoke to Hreidmar. "I will stay with thee as a hostage," he said, "if thou wilt let this one go to fetch a treasure that will cover the otter's skin hair by hair."
"I will let this be done," said old Hreidmar with the sharp and cunning eyes. "Go now," said he to Loki. Then Loki went from the house.[Pg 140]
Andvari was a Dwarf who, in the early days, had gained for himself the greatest treasure in the nine worlds. So that he might guard this treasure unceasingly he changed himself into a fish—into a pike—and he swam in the water before the cave where the hoard was hidden.
All in Asgard knew of the Dwarf and of the hoard he guarded. And there was a thought amongst all that this hoard was not to be meddled with and that some evil was joined to it. But now Odin had given the word that it was to be taken from the Dwarf. Loki set out for Andvari's cave rejoicingly. He came to the pool before the cave and he watched for a sight of Andvari. Soon he saw the pike swimming cautiously before the cave.
He would have to catch the pike and hold him till the treasure was given for ransom. As he watched the pike became aware of him. Suddenly he flung himself forward in the water and went with speed down the stream.
Not with his hands and not with any hook and line could Loki catch that pike. How, then, could he take him? Only with a net that was woven by magic. Then Loki thought of where he might get such a net.
Ran, the wife of old Ægir, the Giant King of the Sea, had a net that was woven by magic. In it she took all that was wrecked on the sea. Loki thought of Ran's net and he turned and went back to Ægir's hall to ask for the Queen. But Ran was seldom in her husband's dwelling. She was now down by the rocks of the sea.
He found Ran, the cold Queen, standing in the flow of the sea, drawing out of the depths with the net that she[Pg 141] held in her hands every piece of treasure that was washed that way. She had made a heap of the things she had drawn out of the sea, corals and amber, and bits of gold and silver, but still she was plying her net greedily.
"Thou knowst me, Ægir's wife," said Loki to her.
"I know thee, Loki," said Queen Ran.
"Lend me thy net," said Loki.
"That I will not do," said Queen Ran.
"Lend me thy net that I may catch Andvari the Dwarf who boasts that he has a greater treasure than ever thou wilt take out of the sea," said Loki.
The cold Queen of the sea ceased plying her net. She looked at Loki steadily. Yes, if he were going to catch Andvari she would lend her net to him. She hated all the Dwarfs because this one and that one had told her they had greater treasures than ever she would be mistress of. But especially she hated Andvari, the Dwarf who had the greatest treasure in the nine worlds.
"There is nothing more to gather here," she said, "and if thou wilt swear to bring me back my net by tomorrow I shall lend it to you."
"I swear by the sparks of Muspelheim that I will bring thy net back to thee by tomorrow, O Queen of Ægir," Loki cried. Then Ran put into his hands the Magic Net. Back then he went to where the Dwarf, transformed, was guarding his wondrous hoard.
Dark was the pool in which Andvari floated as a pike; dark it was, but to him it was all golden with the light of his wondrous treasure. For the sake of this hoard he had[Pg 142] given up his companionship with the Dwarfs and his delight in making and shaping the things of their workmanship. For the sake of his hoard he had taken on himself the dumbness and deafness of a fish.
Now as he swam about before the cave he was aware again of a shadow above him. He slipped toward the shadow of the bank. Then as he turned round he saw a net sweeping toward him. He sank down in the water. But the Magic Net had spread out and he sank into its meshes.
Suddenly he was out of the water and was left gasping on the bank. He would have died had he not undone his transformation.
Soon he appeared as a Dwarf. "Andvari, you are caught; it is one of the Æsir who has taken you," he heard his captor say.
"Loki," he gasped.
"Thou art caught and thou shalt be held," Loki said to him. "It is the will of the Æsir that thou give up thy hoard to me."
"My hoard, my hoard!" the Dwarf shouted. "Never will I give up my hoard."
"I hold thee till thou givest it to me," said Loki.
"Unjust, unjust," shouted Andvari. "It is only thou, Loki, who art unjust. I will go to the throne of Odin and I will have Odin punish thee for striving to rob me of my treasure."
"Odin has sent me to fetch thy hoard to him," said Loki.
"Can it be that all the Æsir are unjust? Ah, yes. In the[Pg 143] beginning of things they cheated the Giant who built the wall round their City. The Æsir are unjust."
Loki had Andvari in his power. And after the Dwarf had raged against him and defied him, he tormented him; at last, trembling with rage and with his face covered with tears, Andvari took Loki into his cavern, and, turning a rock aside, showed him the mass of gold and gems that was his hoard.
At once Loki began to gather into the Magic Net lumps and ingots and circlets of gold with gems that were rubies and sapphires and emeralds. He saw Andvari snatch at something on the heap, but he made no sign of marking it. At last all was gathered into the net, and Loki stood there ready to bear the Dwarf's hoard away.
"There is one thing more to be given," said Loki, "the ring that you, Andvari, snatched from the heap."
"I snatched nothing," said the Dwarf. But he shook with anger and his teeth gnashed together and froth came on his lips. "I snatched nothing from the heap."
But Loki pulled up his arm and there fell to the ground the ring that Andvari had hidden under his armpit.
It was the most precious thing in all the hoard. Had it been left with him Andvari would have thought that he still possessed a treasure, for this ring of itself could make gold. It was made out of gold that was refined of all impurities and it was engraven with a rune of power.
Loki took up this most precious ring and put it on his finger. Then the Dwarf screamed at him, turning his thumbs toward him in a curse:[Pg 144]
The ring with the rune
Of power upon it:
May it weigh down your fortune,
And load you with evil,
You, Loki, and all
Who lust to possess
The ring I have cherished.
As Andvari uttered this curse Loki saw a figure rise up in the cave and move toward him. As this figure came near he knew who it was: Gulveig, a Giant woman who had once been in Asgard.
Far back in the early days, when the Gods had come to their holy hill and before Asgard was built, three women of the Giants had come amongst the Æsir. After the Three had been with them for a time, the lives of the Æsir changed. Then did they begin to value and to hoard the gold that they had played with. Then did they think of war. Odin hurled his spear amongst the messengers that came from the Vanir, and war came into the world.
The Three were driven out of Asgard. Peace was made with the Vanir. The Apples of Lasting Youth were grown in Asgard. The eagerness for gold was curbed. But never again were the Æsir as happy as they were before the women came to them from the Giants.
Gulveig was one of the Three who had blighted the early happiness of the Gods. And, behold, she was in the cave where Andvari had hoarded his treasure and with a smile upon her face she was advancing toward Loki.[Pg 145]
"So, Loki," she said, "thou seest me again. And Odin who sent thee to this cave will see me again. Lo, Loki! I go to Odin to be thy messenger and to tell him that thou comest with Andvari's hoard."
And speaking so, and smiling into his face, Gulveig went out of the cave with swift and light steps. Loki drew the ends of the Magic Net together and gathering all the treasures in its meshes he, too, went out.
Odin, the Eldest of the Gods, stood leaning on his spear and looking at the skin of the otter that was spread out before him. One came into the dwelling swiftly. Odin looked and saw that she who had come in on such swift, glad feet was Gulveig who, once with her two companions, had troubled the happiness of the Gods. Odin raised his spear to cast it at her.
"Lay thy spear down, Odin," she said. "I dwelt for long in the Dwarf's cave. But thy word unloosed me, and the curse said over Andvari's ring has sent me here. Lay thy spear down, and look on me, O Eldest of the Gods.
"Thou didst cast me out of Asgard, but thy word has brought me to come back to thee. And if ye two, Odin and Loki, have bought yourselves free with gold and may enter Asgard, surely I, Gulveig, am free to enter Asgard also."
Odin lowered his spear, sighing deeply. "Surely it is so, Gulveig," he said. "I may not forbid thee to enter Asgard. Would I had thought of giving the man Kvasir's Mead or Mimir's well water rather than this gold as a recompense."
As they spoke Loki came into Hreidmar's dwelling. He laid on the floor the Magic Net. Old Hreidmar with his[Pg 146] sharp eyes, and huge Fafnir, and lean and hungry-looking Regin came in to gaze on the gold and gems that shone through the meshes. They began to push each other away from gazing at the gold. Then Hreidmar cried out, "No one may be here but these two kings and I while we measure out the gold and gems and see whether the recompense be sufficient. Go without, go without, sons of mine."
Then Fafnir and Regin were forced to go out of the dwelling. They went out slowly, and Gulveig went with them, whispering to both.
With shaking hands old Hreidmar spread out the skin that once covered his son. He drew out the ears and the tail and the paws so that every single hair could be shown. For long he was on his hands and knees, his sharp eyes searching, searching over every line of the skin. And still on his knees he said, "Begin now, O kings, and cover with a gem or a piece of gold every hair on the skin that was my son's."
Odin stood leaning on his spear, watching the gold and gems being paid out. Loki took the gold—the ingots, and the lumps and the circlets; he took the gems—the rubies, and the emeralds and the sapphires, and he began to place them over each hair. Soon the middle of the skin was all covered. Then he put the gems and the gold over the paws and the tail. Soon the otter-skin was so glittering that one would think it could light up the world. And still Loki went on finding a place where a gem or a piece of gold might be put.
At last he stood up. Every gem and every piece of gold[Pg 147] had been taken out of the net. And every hair on the otter's skin had been covered with a gem or a piece of gold.
And still old Hreidmar on his hands and knees was peering over the skin, searching, searching for a hair that was not covered. At last he lifted himself up on his knees. His mouth was open, but he was speechless. He touched Odin on the knees, and when Odin bent down he showed him a hair upon the lip that was left uncovered.
"What meanest thou?" Loki cried, turning upon the crouching man.
"Your ransom is not paid yet—look, here is still a hair uncovered. You may not go until every hair is covered with gold or a gem."
"Peace, old man," said Loki roughly. "All the Dwarf's hoard has been given thee."
"Ye may not go until every hair has been covered," Hreidmar said again.
"There is no more gold or gems," Loki answered.
"Then ye may not go," cried Hreidmar, springing up.
It was true. Odin and Loki might not leave that dwelling until the recompense they had agreed to was paid in full. Where now would the Æsir go for gold?
And then Odin saw the gleam of gold on Loki's finger: it was the ring he had forced from Andvari. "Thy fingerring," said Odin. "Put thy fingerring over the hair on the otter's skin."
Loki took off the ring that was engraved with the rune of power, and he put it on the lip-hair of the otter's skin. Then Hreidmar clapped his hands and screamed aloud.[Pg 148] Huge Fafnir and lean and hungry-looking Regin came within, and Gulveig came behind them. They stood around the skin of the son and the brother that was all glittering with gold and gems. But they looked at each other more than they looked on the glittering mass, and very deadly were the looks that Fafnir and Regin cast upon their father and cast upon each other.
Over Bifröst, the Rainbow Bridge, went all of the Æsir and the Vanir that had been at old Ægir's feast—Frey and Freya, Frigga, Iduna, and Sif; Tyr with his sword and Thor in his chariot drawn by the goats. Loki came behind them, and behind them all came Odin, the Father of the Gods. He went slowly with his head bent, for he knew that an unwelcome one was following—Gulveig, who once had been cast out of Asgard and whose return now the Gods might not gainsay.
FOREBODING IN ASGARD
What happened afterwards is to the shame of the Gods, and mortals may hardly speak of it. Gulveig the Witch came into Asgard, for Heimdall might not forbid her entrance. She came within and she had her seat amongst the Æsir and the Vanir. She walked through Asgard with a smile upon her face, and where she walked and where she smiled Care and dire Foreboding came.
Those who felt the care and the foreboding most deeply were Bragi the Poet and his wife, the fair and simple Iduna, she who gathered the apples that kept age from the Dwellers in Asgard. Bragi ceased to tell his never-ending tale. Then one day, overcome by the fear and the foreboding that was creeping through Asgard, Iduna slipped down Ygdrassil, the World Tree, and no one was left to[Pg 152] pluck the apples with which the Æsir and the Vanir stayed their youth.
Then were all the Dwellers in Asgard in sore dismay. Strength and beauty began to fade from all. Thor found it hard to lift Miölnir, his great hammer, and the flesh under Freya's necklace lost its white radiance. And still Gulveig the Witch walked smiling through Asgard, although now she was hated by all.
It was Odin and Frey who went in search of Iduna. She would have been found and brought back without delay if Frey had had with him the magic sword that he had bartered for Gerda. In his search he had to strive with one who guarded the lake wherein Iduna had hidden herself. Beli was the one he strove against. He overcame him in the end with a weapon made of stags' antlers. Ah, it was not then but later that Frey lamented the loss of his sword: it was when the Riders of Muspell came against Asgard, and the Vanir, who might have prevailed, prevailed not because of the loss of Frey's sword.
They found Iduna and they brought her back. But still Care and Foreboding crept through Asgard. And it was known, too, that the witch Gulveig was changing the thoughts of the Gods.
At last Odin had to judge Gulveig. He judged her and decreed her death. And only Gungnir, the spear of Odin, might slay Gulveig, who was not of mortal race.
Odin hurled Gungnir. The spear went through Gulveig. But still she stood smiling at the Gods. A second time Odin hurled his spear. A second time Gungnir[Pg 153] pierced the witch. She stood livid as one dead but fell not down. A third time Odin hurled his spear. And now, pierced for the third time, the witch gave a scream that made all Asgard shudder and she fell in death on the ground.
"I have slain in these halls where slaying is forbidden," Odin said. "Take now the corpse of Gulveig and burn it on the ramparts, so that no trace of the witch who has troubled us will remain in Asgard."
They brought the corpse of Gulveig the witch out on the ramparts and they lighted fires under the pile on which they laid her and they called upon Hræsvelgur to fan up the flame:
Hræsvelgur is the Giant,
Who on heaven's edge sits
In the guise of an eagle;
And the winds, it is said,
Rush down on the earth
From his outspreading pinions.
Far away was Loki when all this was being done. Often now he went from Asgard, and his journeys were to look upon that wondrous treasure that had passed from the keeping of the Dwarf Andvari. It was Gulveig who had kept the imagination of that treasure within his mind. Now, when he came back and heard the whispers of what had been done, a rage flamed up within him. For Loki was one of those whose minds were being changed by the[Pg 154] presence and the whispers of the witch Gulveig. His mind was being changed to hatred of the Gods. Now he went to the place of Gulveig's burning. All her body was in ashes, but her heart had not been devoured by the flames. And Loki in his rage took the heart of the witch and ate it. Oh, black and direful was it in Asgard, the day that Loki ate the heart that the flames would not devour!
LOKI THE BETRAYER
He stole Frigga's dress of falcon feathers. Then as a falcon he flew out of Asgard. Jötunheim was the place that he flew toward.
The anger and the fierceness of the hawk was within Loki as he flew through the Giants' Realm. The heights and the chasms of that dread land made his spirits mount up like fire. He saw the whirlpools and the smoking mountains and had joy of these sights. Higher and higher he soared until, looking toward the South, he saw the flaming land of Muspelheim. Higher and higher still he soared. With his falcon's eyes he saw the gleam of Surtur's flaming sword. All the fire of Muspelheim and all the gloom of Jötunheim would one day be brought against[Pg 156] Asgard and against Midgard. But Loki was no longer dismayed to think of the ruin of Asgard's beauty and the ruin of Midgard's promise.
He hovered around one of the dwellings in Jötunheim. Why had he come to it? Because he had seen two of the women of that dwelling, and his rage against the Asyniur and the Vanir was such that the ugliness and the evil of these women was pleasing to him.
He hovered before the open door of the Giant's house and he looked upon those who were within. Gerriöd, the most savage of all the Giants, was there. And beside him, squatting on the ground, were his two evil and ugly daughters, Gialp and Greip.
They were big and bulky, black and rugged, with horses' teeth and hair that was like horses' manes. Gialp was the uglier of the two, if one could be said to be uglier than the other, for her nose was a yard long and her eyes were crooked.
What were they talking about as they sat there, one scratching the other? Of Asgard and the Dwellers in Asgard whom they hated. Thor was the one whom they hated most of all, and they were speaking of all they would like to do to him.
"I would keep Thor bound in chains," said Gerriöd the Giant, "and I would beat him to death with my iron club."
"I would grind his bones to powder," said Greip.
"I would tear the flesh off his bones," said Gialp. "Father, can you not catch this Thor and bring him to us alive?"[Pg 157]
"Not so long as he has his hammer Miölnir, and the gloves with which he grasps his hammer, and the belt that doubles his strength."
"Oh, if we could catch him without his hammer and his belt and his gloves," cried Gialp and Greip together.
At that moment they saw the falcon hovering before the door. They were eager now for something to hold and torment and so the hearts of the three became set upon catching the falcon. They did not stir from the place where they were sitting, but they called the child Glapp, who was swinging from the roof-tree, and they bade him go out and try to catch the falcon.
All concealed by the great leaves the child Glapp climbed up the ivy that was around the door. The falcon came hovering near. Then Glapp caught it by the wings and fell down through the ivy, screaming and struggling as he was being beaten, and clawed, and torn by the wings and the talons and the beak of the falcon.
Gerriöd and Greip and Gialp rushed out and kept hold of the falcon. As the Giant held him in his hands and looked him over he knew that this was no bird-creature. The eyes showed him to be of Alfheim or Asgard. The Giant took him and shut him in a box till he would speak.
Soon he tapped at the closed box and when Gerriöd opened it Loki spoke to him. So glad was the savage Giant to have one of the Dwellers in Asgard in his power that he and his daughters did nothing but laugh and chuckle to each other for days. And all this time they left Loki in the closed box to waste with hunger.
When they opened the box again Loki spoke to them.[Pg 158] He told them he would do any injury to the Dwellers in Asgard that would please them if they would let him go.
"Will you bring Thor to us?" said Greip.
"Will you bring Thor to us without his hammer, and without the gloves with which he grasps his hammer, and without his belt?" said Gialp.
"I will bring him to you if you will let me go," Loki said. "Thor is easily deceived and I can bring him to you without his hammer and his belt and his gloves."
"We will let you go, Loki," said the Giant, "if you will swear by the gloom of Jötunheim that you will bring Thor to us as you say."
Loki swore that he would do so by the gloom of Jötunheim—"Yea, and by the fires of Muspelheim," he added. The Giant and his daughters let him go, and he flew back to Asgard.
He restored to Frigga her falcon dress. All blamed him for having stolen it, but when he told how he had been shut up without food in Gerriöd's dwelling those who judged him thought he had been punished enough for the theft. He spoke as before to the Dwellers in Asgard, and the rage and hatred he had against them since he had eaten Gulveig's heart he kept from bursting forth.
He talked to Thor of the adventures they had together in Jötunheim. Thor would now roar with laughter when he talked of the time when he went as a bride to Thrym the Giant.
Loki was able to persuade him to make another journey to Jötunheim. "And I want to speak to you of what[Pg 159] I saw in Gerriöd's dwelling," he said. "I saw there the hair of Sif, your wife."
"The hair of Sif, my wife," said Thor in surprise.
"Yes, the hair I once cut off from Sif's head," said Loki. "Gerriöd was the one who found it when I cast it away. They light their hall with Sif's hair. Oh, yes, they don't need torches where Sif's hair is."
"I should like to see it," said Thor.
"Then pay Gerriöd a visit," Loki replied. "But if you go to his house you will have to go without your hammer Miölnir, and without your gloves and your belt."
"Where will I leave Miölnir, and my gloves and my belt?" Thor asked.
"Leave them in Valaskjalf, Odin's own dwelling," said cunning Loki. "Leave them there and come to Gerriöd's dwelling. Surely you will be well treated there."
"Yes, I will leave them in Valaskjalf and go with you to Gerriöd's dwelling," Thor said.
Thor left his hammer, his gloves, and his belt in Valaskjalf. Then he and Loki went toward Jötunheim. When they were near the end of their journey, they came to a wide river, and with a young Giant whom they met on the bank they began to ford it.
Suddenly the river began to rise. Loki and the young Giant would have been swept away only Thor gripped both of them. Higher and higher the river rose, and rougher and rougher it became. Thor had to plant his feet firmly on the bottom or he and the two he held would have been swept down by the flood. He struggled[Pg 160] across, holding Loki and the young Giant. A mountain ash grew out of the bank, and, while the two held to him, he grasped it with his hands. The river rose still higher, but Thor was able to draw Loki and the young Giant to the bank, and then he himself scrambled up on it.
Now looking up the river he saw a sight that filled him with rage. A Giantess was pouring a flood into it. This it was that was making the river rise and seethe. Thor pulled a rock out of the bank and hurled it at her. It struck her and flung her into the flood. Then she struggled out of the water and went yelping away. This Giantess was Gialp, Gerriöd's ugly and evil daughter.
Nothing would do the young Giant whom Thor had helped across but that the pair would go and visit Grid, his mother, who lived in a cave in the hillside. Loki would not go and was angered to hear that Thor thought of going. But Thor, seeing that the Giant youth was friendly, was willing enough to go to Grid's dwelling.
"Go then, but get soon to Gerriöd's dwelling yonder. I will wait for you there," said Loki. He watched Thor go up the hillside to Grid's cave. He waited until he saw Thor come back down the hillside and go toward Gerriöd's dwelling. He watched Thor go into the house where, as he thought, death awaited him. Then in a madness for what he had done, Loki, with his head drawn down on his shoulders, started running like a bird along the ground.
Grid, the old Giantess, was seated on the floor of the cave grinding corn between two stones. "Who is it?" she[Pg 161] said, as her son led Thor within. "One of the Æsir! What Giant do you go to injure now, Asa Thor?"
"I go to injure no Giant, old Grid," Thor replied. "Look upon me! Cannot you see that I have not Miölnir, my mighty hammer, with me, nor my belt, nor my gloves of iron?"
"But where in Jötunheim do you go?"
"To the house of a friendly Giant, old Grid—to the house of Gerriöd."
"Gerriöd a friendly Giant! You are out of your wits, Asa Thor. Is he not out of his wits, my son—this one who saved you from the flood, as you say?"
"Tell him of Gerriöd, old mother," said the Giant youth.
"Do not go to his house, Asa Thor. Do not go to his house."
"My word has been given, and I should be a craven if I stayed away now, just because an old crone sitting at a quernstone tells me I am going into a trap."
"I will give you something that will help you, Asa Thor. Lucky for you I am mistress of magical things. Take this staff in your hands. It is a staff of power and will stand you instead of Miölnir."
"I will take it since you offer it in kindness, old dame, this worm-eaten staff."
"And take these mittens, too. They will serve you for your gauntlets of iron."
"I will take them since you offer them in kindness, old dame, these worn old mittens."[Pg 162]
"And take this length of string. It will serve you for your belt of prowess."
"I will take it since you offer it in kindness, old dame, this ragged length of string."
"'Tis well indeed for you, Asa Thor, that I am mistress of magical things."
Thor put the worn length of string around his waist, and as he did he knew that Grid, the old Giantess, was indeed the mistress of magical things. For immediately he felt his strength augmented as when he put on his own belt of strength. He then drew on the mittens and took the staff that she gave him in his hands.
He left the cave of Grid, the old Giantess, and went to Gerriöd's dwelling. Loki was not there. It was then that Thor began to think that perhaps old Grid was right and that a trap was being laid for him.
No one was in the hall. He came out of the hall and into a great stone chamber and he saw no one there either. But in the center of the stone chamber there was a stone seat, and Thor went to it and seated himself upon it.
No sooner was he seated than the chair flew upwards. Thor would have been crushed against the stone roof only that he held his staff up. So great was the power in the staff, so great was the strength that the string around him gave, that the chair was thrust downward. The stone chair crashed down upon the stone floor.
There were horrible screams from under it. Thor lifted up the seat and saw two ugly, broken bodies the re. The Giant's daughters, Gialp and Greip, had hidden them[Pg 163]selves under the chair to watch his death. But the stone that was to have crushed him against the ceiling had crushed them against the floor.
Thor strode out of that chamber with his teeth set hard. A great fire was blazing in the hall, and standing beside that fire he saw Gerriöd, the long-armed Giant.
He held a tongs into the fire. As Thor came toward him he lifted up the tongs and flung from it a blazing wedge of iron. It whizzed straight toward Thor's forehead. Thor put up his hands and caught the blazing wedge of iron between the mittens that old Grid had given him. Quickly he hurled it back at Gerriöd. It struck the Giant on the forehead and went blazing through him.
Gerriöd crashed down into the fire, and the burning iron made a blaze all around him. And when Thor reached Grid's cave (he went there to restore to the old Giantess the string, the mittens, and the staff of power she had given him) he saw the Giant's dwelling in such a blaze that one would think the fires of Muspelheim were all around it.
LOKI AGAINST THE ÆSIR
The Æsir were the guests of the Vanir: in Frey's palace the Dwellers in Asgard met and feasted in friendship. Odin and Tyr were there, Vidar and Vali, Niörd, Frey, Heimdall, and Bragi. The Asyniur and the Vana were also—Frigga, Freya, Iduna, Gerda, Skadi, Sif, and Nanna. Thor and Loki were not at the feast, for they had left Asgard together.
In Frey's palace the vessels were of shining gold; they made light for the table and they moved of their own accord to serve those who were feasting. All was peace and friendship there until Loki entered the feast hall.
Frey, smiling a welcome, showed a bench to Loki. It was beside Bragi's and next to Freya's. Loki did not take[Pg 165] the place; instead he shouted out, "Not beside Bragi will I sit; not beside Bragi, the most craven of all the Dwellers in Asgard."
Bragi sprang up at that affront, but his wife, the mild Iduna, quieted his anger. Freya turned to Loki and reproved him for speaking injurious words at a feast.
"Freya," said Loki, "why were you not so mild when Odur was with you? Would it not have been well to have been wifely with your husband instead of breaking faith with him for the sake of a necklace that you craved of the Giant women?"
Amazement fell on all at the bitterness that was in Loki's words and looks. Tyr and Niörd stood up from their seats. But then the voice of Odin was heard and all was still for the words of the All-Father.
"Take the place beside Vidar, my silent son, O Loki," said Odin, "and let thy tongue which drips bitterness be silent."
"All the Æsir and the Vanir listen to thy words, O Odin, as if thou wert always wise and just," Loki said. "But must we forget that thou didst bring war into the world when thou didst fling thy spear at the envoys of the Vanir? And didst thou not permit me to work craftily on the one who built the wall around Asgard for a price? Thou dost speak, O Odin, and all the Æsir and the Vanir listen to thee! But was it not thou who, thinking not of wisdom but of gold when a ransom had to be made, brought the witch Gulveig out of the cave where she stayed with the Dwarf's treasure? Thou wert not always[Pg 166] wise nor always just, O Odin, and we at the table here need not listen to thee as if always thou wert."
Then Skadi, the wife of Niörd, flung words at Loki. She spoke with all the fierceness of her Giant blood. "Why should we not rise up and chase from the hall this chattering crow?" she said.
"Skadi," said Loki, "remember that the ransom for thy father's death has not yet been paid. Thou wert glad to snatch a husband instead of it. Remember who it was that killed thy Giant father. It was I, Loki. And no ransom have I paid thee for it, although thou hast come amongst us in Asgard."
Then Loki fixed his eyes on Frey, the giver of the feast, and all knew that with bitter words he was about to assail him. But Tyr, the brave swordsman, rose up and said, "Not against Frey mayst thou speak, O Loki. Frey is generous; he is the one amongst us who spares the vanquished and frees the captive."
"Cease speaking, Tyr," said Loki. "Thou mayst not always have a hand to hold that sword of thine. Remember this saying of mine in days to come.
"Frey," said he, "because thou art the giver of the feast they think I will not speak the truth about thee. But I am not to be bribed by a feast. Didst thou not send Skirnir to Gymer's dwelling to befool Gymer's flighty daughter? Didst thou not bribe him into frightening her into a marriage with thee, who, men say, wert the slayer of her brother? Yea, Frey. Thou didst part with a charge, with the magic sword that thou shouldst have kept for the[Pg 167] battle. Thou hadst cause to grieve when thou didst meet Beli by the lake."
When he said this all who were there of the Vanir rose up, their faces threatening Loki.
"Sit still, ye Vanir," Loki railed. "If the Æsir are to bear the brunt of Jötunheim's and Muspelheim's war upon Asgard it was your part to be the first or the last on Vigard's plain. But already ye have lost the battle for Asgard, for the weapon that was put into Frey's hands he bartered for Gerda the Giantess. Ha! Surtur shall triumph over you because of Frey's bewitchment."
In horror they looked at the one who could let his hatred speak of Surtur's triumph. All would have laid hands on Loki only Odin's voice rang out. Then another appeared at the entrance of the feasting hall. It was Thor. With his hammer upon his shoulder, his gloves of iron on his hands, and his belt of prowess around him, he stood marking Loki with wrathful eyes.
"Ha, Loki, betrayer," he shouted. "Thou didst plan to leave me dead in Gerriöd's house, but now thou wilt meet death by the stroke of this hammer."
His hands were raised to hurl Miölnir. But the words that Odin spoke were heard. "Not in this hall may slaying be done, son Thor. Keep thy hands upon thy hammer."
Then shrinking from the wrath in the eyes of Thor, Loki passed out of the feast hall. He went beyond the walls of Asgard and crossed Bifröst, the Rainbow Bridge. And he cursed Bifröst, and longed to see the day when[Pg 168] the armies of Muspelheim would break it down in their rush against Asgard.
East of Midgard there was a place more evil than any region in Jötunheim. It was Jarnvid, the Iron Wood. There dwelt witches who were the most foul of all witches. And they had a queen over them, a hag, mother of many sons who took upon themselves the shapes of wolves. Two of her sons were Skoll and Hati, who pursued Sol, the Sun, and Mani, the Moon. She had a third son, who was Managarm, the wolf who was to be filled with the life-blood of men, who was to swallow up the Moon, and stain the heavens and earth with blood. To Jarnvid, the Iron Wood, Loki made his way. And he wed one of the witches there, Angerboda, and they had children that took on dread shapes. Loki's offspring were the most terrible of the foes that were to come against the Æsir and the Vanir in the time that was called the Twilight of the Gods.
Against the time when the riders of Muspelheim, with the Giants and the evil powers of the Underworld, would bring on battle, Odin All-Father was preparing a host of defenders for Asgard. They were not of the Æsir nor of the Vanir; they were of the race of mortal men, heroes chosen from amongst the slain on fields of battle in Midgard.
To choose the heroes, and to give victory to those whom he willed to have victory, Odin had battle-maidens that went to the fields of war. Beautiful were those battle-maidens and fearless; wise were they also, for to them Odin showed the Runes of Wisdom. Valkyries, Choosers of the Slain, they were named.[Pg 170]
Those who were chosen on the fields of the slain were called in Asgard the Einherjar. For them Odin made ready a great Hall. Valhalla, the Hall of the Slain, it was called. Five hundred and forty doors had Valhalla, and out of each door eight hundred Champions might pass. Every day the Champions put on their armor and took their weapons down from the walls, and went forth and battled with each other. All who were wounded were made whole again, and in peace and goodly fellowship they sat down to the feast that Odin prepared for them. Odin himself sat with his Champions, drinking wine but eating no meat.
For meat the Champions ate the flesh of the boar Sæhrimnir; every day the boar was killed and cooked, and every morning it was whole again. For drink they had the mead that was made from the milk of the goat Heidrun, the goat that browsed on the leaves of the tree Læradir. And the Valkyries, the wise and fearless battle-maidens, went amongst them, filling up the drinking-horns with the heady mead.
Youngest of all the battle-maidens was Brynhild. Nevertheless, to her Odin All-Father had shown more of the Runes of Wisdom than he had shown to any of her sisters. And when the time came for Brynhild to journey down into Midgard he gave her a swan-feather dress such as he had given before to the three Valkyrie sisters—Alvit, Olrun, and Hladgrun.
In the dazzling plumage of a swan the young battle-maiden flew down from Asgard. Not yet had she to go to the battlefields. Waters drew her, and as she waited on[Pg 171] the will of the All-Father she sought out a lake that had golden sands for its shore, and as a maiden bathed in it.
Now there dwelt near this lake a young hero whose name was Agnar. And one day as Agnar lay by the lake he saw a swan with dazzling plumage fly down to it. And while she was in the reeds the swan-feather dress slipped off her, and Agnar beheld the swan change to a maiden.
So bright was her hair, so strong and swift were all her movements, that he knew her for one of Odin's battle-maidens; for one of those who give victory and choose the slain. Very daring was Agnar, and he set his mind upon capturing this battle-maiden even though he should bring on himself the wrath of Odin by doing it.
He hid the swan-feather dress that she had left in the reeds. When she came out of the water she might not fly away. Agnar gave back to her the swan-feather dress, but she had to promise that she would be his battle-maiden.
And as they talked together the young Valkyrie saw in him a hero that one from Asgard might help. Very brave and very noble was Agnar. Brynhild went with him as his battle-maiden, and she told him much from the Runes of Wisdom that she knew, and she showed him that the All-Father's last hope was in the bravery of the heroes of the earth; with the Chosen from the Slain for his Champions he would make battle in defence of Asgard.
Always Brynhild was with Agnar's battalions; above the battles she hovered, her bright hair and flashing battle-dress outshining the spears and swords and shields of the warriors.
But the gray-beard King Helmgunnar made war on[Pg 172] the young Agnar. Odin favored the gray-beard King, and to him he promised the victory. Brynhild knew the will of the All-Father. But to Agnar, not to Helmgunnar, she gave the victory.
Doomed was Brynhild on the instant she went against Odin's will. Never again might she come into Asgard. A mortal woman she was now, and the Norns began to spin the thread of her mortal destiny.
Sorrowful was Odin All-Father that the wisest of his battle-maidens might never appear in Asgard nor walk by the benches at the feasts of his Champions in Valhalla. He rode down on Sleipner to where Brynhild was. And when he came before her it was his, and not her head that was bowed down.
For she knew now that the World of Men was paying a bitter price for the strength that Asgard would have in the last battle. The bravest and noblest were being taken from Midgard to fill up the ranks of Odin's Champions. And Brynhild's heart was full of anger against the rulers of Asgard, and she cared no more to be of them.
Odin looked on his unflinching battle-maiden, and he said, "Is there aught thou wouldst have me bestow on thee in thy mortal life, Brynhild?"
"Naught save this," Brynhild answered, "that in my mortal life no one but a man without fear, the bravest hero in the world, may claim me for wife."
All-Father bowed his head in thought. "It shall be as thou hast asked," he said. "Only he who is without fear shall come near thee."[Pg 173]
Then on the top of the mountain that is called Hindfell he had a Hall built that faced the south. Ten Dwarfs built it of black stone. And when the Hall was built he put round it a wall of mounting and circling fire.
More did Odin All-Father: he took a thorn of the Tree of Sleep and he put it into the flesh of the battle-maiden. Then, with her helmet on her head and the breast-mail of the Valkyrie upon her, he lifted Brynhild in his arms and carried her through the wall of mounting and circling fire. He laid her upon the couch that was within the Hall. There she would lie in slumber until the hero who was without fear should ride through the flame and waken her to the life of a mortal woman.
He took farewell of her and he rode back to Asgard on Sleipner. He might not foresee what fate would be hers as a mortal woman. But the fire he had left went mounting and circling around the Hall that the Dwarfs had built. For ages that fire would be a fence around where Brynhild, once a Valkyrie, lay in sleep.
THE CHILDREN OF LOKI
The children of Loki and the witch Angerboda were not as the children of men: they were formless as water, or air, or fire is formless, but it was given to each of them to take on the form that was most like to their own greed.
Now the Dwellers in Asgard knew that these powers of evil had been born into the world and they thought it well that they should take on forms and appear before them in Asgard. So they sent one to Jarnvid, the Iron Wood, bidding Loki bring before the Gods the powers born of him and the witch Angerboda. So Loki came into Asgard once more. And his offspring took on forms and showed themselves to the Gods. The first, whose greed was destruction,[Pg 175] showed himself as a fearful Wolf. Fenrir he was named. And the second, whose greed was slow destruction, showed itself as a Serpent. Jörmungand it was called. The third, whose greed was for withering of all life, took on a form also. When the Gods saw it they were affrighted. For this had the form of a woman, and one side of her was that of a living woman and the other side of her was that of a corpse. Fear ran through Asgard as this form was revealed and as the name that went with it, Hela, was uttered.
Far out of sight of the Gods Hela was thrust. Odin took her and hurled her down to the deeps that are below the world. He cast her down to Niflheim, where she took to herself power over the nine regions. There, in the place that is lowest of all, Hela reigns. Her hall is Elvidnir; it is set round with high walls and it has barred gates; Precipice is the threshold of that hall; Hunger is the table within it; Care is the bed, and Burning Anguish is the hanging of the chamber.
Thor laid hold upon Jörmungand. He flung the serpent into the ocean that engirdles the world. But in the depths of the ocean Jörmungand flourished. It grew and grew until it encircled the whole world. And men knew it as the Midgard Serpent.
Fenrir the Wolf might not be seized upon by any of the Æsir. Fearfully he ranged through Asgard and they were only able to bring him to the outer courts by promising to give him all the food he was able to eat.
The Æsir shrank from feeding Fenrir. But Tyr, the brave swordsman, was willing to bring food to the Wolf's[Pg 176] lair. Every day he brought him huge provision and fed him with the point of his sword. The Wolf grew and grew until he became monstrous and a terror in the minds of the Dwellers in Asgard.
At last the Gods in council considered it and decided that Fenrir must be bound. The chain that they would bind him with was called Laeding. In their own smithy the Gods made it and its weight was greater than Thor's hammer.
Not by force could the Gods get the fetter upon Fenrir, so they sent Skirnir, the servant of Frey, to beguile the Wolf into letting it go upon him. Skirnir came to his lair and stood near him, and he was dwarfed by the Wolf's monstrous size.
"How great may thy strength be, Mighty One?" Skirnir asked. "Couldst thou break this chain easily? The Gods would try thee."
In scorn Fenrir looked down on the fetter Skirnir dragged. In scorn he stood still allowing Laeding to be placed upon him. Then, with an effort that was the least part of his strength, he stretched himself and broke the chain in two.
The Gods were dismayed. But they took more iron, and with greater fires and mightier hammer blows they forged another fetter. Dromi, this one was called, and it was half again as strong as Laeding was. Skirnir the Venturesome brought it to the Wolf's lair, and in scorn Fenrir let the mightier chain be placed upon him.
He shook himself and the chain held. Then his eyes[Pg 177] became fiery and he stretched himself with a growl and a snarl. Dromi broke across, and Fenrir stood looking balefully at Skirnir.
The Gods saw that no chain they could forge would bind Fenrir and they fell more and more into fear of him. They took council again and they bethought them of the wonder-work the Dwarfs had made for them, the spear Gungnir, the ship Skidbladnir, the hammer Miölnir. Could the Dwarfs be got to make the fetter to bind Fenrir? If they would do it the Gods would add to their domain.
Skirnir went down to Svartheim with the message from Asgard. The Dwarf Chief swelled with pride to think that it was left to them to make the fetter that would bind Fenrir.
"We Dwarfs can make a fetter that will bind the Wolf," he said. "Out of six things we will make it."
"What are these six things?" Skirnir asked.
"The roots of stones, the breath of a fish, the beards of women, the noise made by the footfalls of cats, the sinews of bears, the spittle of a bird."
"I have never heard the noise made by a cat's footfall, nor have I seen the roots of stones nor the beards of women. But use what things you will, O Helper of the Gods."
The Chief brought his six things together and the Dwarfs in their smithy worked for days and nights. They forged a fetter that was named Gleipnir. Smooth and soft as a silken string it was. Skirnir brought it to Asgard and put it into the hands of the Gods.[Pg 178]
Then a day came when the Gods said that once again they should try to put a fetter upon Fenrir. But if he was to be bound they would bind him far from Asgard. Lyngvi was an island that they often went to to make sport, and they spoke of going there. Fenrir growled that he would go with them. He came and he sported in his own terrible way. And then as if it were to make more sport, one of the Æsir shook out the smooth cord and showed it to Fenrir.
"It is stronger than you might think, Mighty One," they said. "Will you not let it go upon you that we may see you break it?"
Fenrir out of his fiery eyes looked scorn upon them. "What fame would there be for me," he said, "in breaking such a binding?"
They showed him that none in their company could break it, slender as it was. "Thou only art able to break it, Mighty One," they said.
"The cord is slender, but there may be an enchantment in it," Fenrir said.
"Thou canst not break it, Fenrir, and we need not dread thee any more," the Gods said.
Then was the Wolf ravenous wroth, for he lived on the fear that he made in the minds of the Gods. "I am loth to have this binding upon me," he said, "but if one of the Æsir will put his hand in my mouth as a pledge that I shall be freed of it, I will let ye put it on me."
The Gods looked wistfully on one another. It would be health to them all to have Fenrir bound, but who would lose his hand to have it done? One and then another of the[Pg 179] Æsir stepped backward. But not Tyr, the brave swordsman. He stepped to Fenrir and laid his left hand before those tremendous jaws.
"Not thy left hand—thy swordhand, O Tyr," growled Fenrir, and Tyr put his swordhand into that terrible mouth.
Then the cord Gleipnir was put upon Fenrir. With fiery eyes he watched the Gods bind him. When the binding was on him he stretched himself as before. He stretched himself to a monstrous size but the binding did not break off him. Then with fury he snapped his jaws upon the hand, and Tyr's hand, the swordsman's hand, was torn off.
But Fenrir was bound. They fixed a mighty chain to the fetter, and they passed the chain through a hole they bored through a great rock. The monstrous Wolf made terrible efforts to break loose, but the rock and the chain and the fetter held. Then seeing him secured, and to avenge the loss of Tyr's hand, the Gods took Tyr's sword and drove it to the hilt through his underjaw. Horribly the Wolf howled. Mightily the foam flowed down from his jaws. That foam flowing made a river that is called Von—a river of fury that flowed on until Ragnarök came, the Twilight of the Gods.
BALDUR'S DOOM
In Asgard there were two places that meant strength and joy to the Æsir and the Vanir: one was the garden where grew the apples that Iduna gathered, and the other was the Peace Stead, where, in a palace called Breidablik, Baldur the Well-Beloved dwelt.
In the Peace Stead no crime had ever been committed, no blood had ever been shed, no falseness had ever been spoken. Contentment came into the minds of all in Asgard when they thought upon this place. Ah! Were it not that the Peace Stead was there, happy with Baldur's presence, the minds of the Æsir and the Vanir might have become gloomy and stern from thinking on the direful things that were arrayed against them.[Pg 181]
Baldur was beautiful. So beautiful was he that all the white blossoms on the earth were called by his name. Baldur was happy. So happy was he that all the birds on the earth sang his name. So just and so wise was Baldur that the judgment he pronounced might never be altered. Nothing foul or unclean had ever come near where he had his dwelling:
'Tis Breidablik called,
Where Baldur the Fair
Hath built him a bower,
In the land where I know
Least loathliness lies.
Healing things were done in Baldur's Stead. Tyr's wrist was healed of the wounds that Fenrir's fangs had made. And there Frey's mind became less troubled with the foreboding that Loki had filled it with when he railed at him about the bartering of his sword.
Now after Fenrir had been bound to the rock in the faraway island the Æsir and the Vanir knew a while of contentment. They passed bright days in Baldur's Stead, listening to the birds that made music there. And it was there that Bragi the Poet wove into his never-ending story the tale of Thor's adventures amongst the Giants.
But even into Baldur's Stead foreboding came. One day little Hnossa, the child of Freya and the lost Odur, was brought there in such sorrow that no one outside could comfort her. Nanna, Baldur's gentle wife, took the child[Pg 182] upon her lap and found ways of soothing her. Then Hnossa told of a dream that had filled her with fright.
She had dreamt of Hela, the Queen that is half living woman and half corpse. In her dream Hela had come into Asgard saying, "A lord of the Æsir I must have to dwell with me in my realm beneath the earth." Hnossa had such fear from this dream that she had fallen into a deep sorrow.
A silence fell upon all when the dream of Hnossa was told. Nanna looked wistfully at Odin All-Father. And Odin, looking at Frigga, saw that a fear had entered her breast.
He left the Peace Stead and went to his watchtower Hlidskjalf. He waited there till Hugin and Munin should come to him. Every day his two ravens flew through the world, and coming back to him told him of all that was happening. And now they might tell him of happenings that would let him guess if Hela had indeed turned her thoughts toward Asgard, or if she had the power to draw one down to her dismal abode.
The ravens flew to him, and lighting one on each of his shoulders, told him of things that were being said up and down Ygdrassil, the World Tree. Ratatösk the Squirrel was saying them. And Ratatösk had heard them from the brood of serpents that with Nidhögg, the great dragon, gnawed ever at the root of Ygdrassil. He told it to the Eagle that sat ever on the topmost bough, that in Hela's habitation a bed was spread and a chair was left empty for some lordly comer.
And hearing this, Odin thought that it were better that Fenrir the Wolf should range ravenously through Asgard[Pg 183] than that Hela should win one from amongst them to fill that chair and lie in that bed.
He mounted Sleipner, his eight-legged steed, and rode down toward the abodes of the Dead. For three days and three nights of silence and darkness he journeyed on. Once one of the hounds of Helheim broke loose and bayed upon Sleipner's tracks. For a day and a night Garm, the hound, pursued them, and Odin smelled the blood that dripped from his monstrous jaws.
At last he came to where, wrapped in their shrouds, a field of the Dead lay. He dismounted from Sleipner and called upon one to rise and speak with him. It was on Volva, a dead prophetess, he called. And when he pronounced her name he uttered a rune that had the power to break the sleep of the Dead.
There was a groaning in the middle of where the shrouded ones lay. Then Odin cried, out, "Arise, Volva, prophetess." There was a stir in the middle of where the shrouded ones lay, and a head and shoulders were thrust up from amongst the Dead.
"Who calls on Volva the Prophetess? The rains have drenched my flesh and the storms have shaken my bones for more seasons than the living know. No living voice has a right to call me from my sleep with the Dead."
"It is Vegtam the Wanderer who calls. For whom is the bed prepared and the seat left empty in Hela's habitation?"
"For Baldur, Odin's son, is the bed prepared and the seat left empty. Now let me go back to my sleep with the Dead."
But now Odin saw beyond Volva's prophecy. "Who is[Pg 184] it," he cried out, "that stands with unbowed head and that will not lament for Baldur? Answer, Volva, prophetess!"
"Thou seest far, but thou canst not see clearly. Thou art Odin. I can see clearly but I cannot see far. Now let me go back to my sleep with the Dead."
"Volva, prophetess!" Odin cried out again.
But the voice from amongst the shrouded ones said, "Thou canst not wake me any more until the fires of Muspelheim blaze above my head."
Then there was silence in the field of the Dead, and Odin turned Sleipner, his steed, and for four days, through the gloom and silence, he journeyed back to Asgard.
Frigga had felt the fear that Odin had felt. She looked toward Baldur, and the shade of Hela came between her and her son. But then she heard the birds sing in the Peace Stead and she knew that none of all the things in the world would injure Baldur.
And to make it sure she went to all the things that could hurt him and from each of them she took an oath that it would not injure Baldur, the Well-Beloved. She took an oath from fire and from water, from iron and from all metals, from earths and stones and great trees, from birds and beasts and creeping things, from poisons and diseases. Very readily they all gave the oath that they would work no injury on Baldur.
Then when Frigga went back and told what she had accomplished the gloom that had lain on Asgard lifted. Baldur would be spared to them. Hela might have a place prepared in her dark habitation, but neither fire nor[Pg 185] water, nor iron nor any metals, nor earths nor stones nor great woods, nor birds nor beasts nor creeping things, nor poisons nor diseases, would help her to bring him down. "Hela has no arms to draw you to her," the Æsir and the Vanir cried to Baldur.
Hope was renewed for them and they made games to honor Baldur. They had him stand in the Peace Stead and they brought against him all the things that had sworn to leave him hurtless. And neither the battle-axe flung full at him, nor the stone out of the sling, nor the burning brand, nor the deluge of water would injure the beloved of Asgard. The Æsir and the Vanir laughed joyously to see these things fall harmlessly from him while a throng came to join them in the games; Dwarfs and friendly Giants.
But Loki the Hater came in with that throng. He watched the games from afar. He saw the missiles and the weapons being flung and he saw Baldur stand smiling and happy under the strokes of metal and stones and great woods. He wondered at the sight, but he knew that he might not ask the meaning of it from the ones who knew him.
He changed his shape into that of an old woman and he went amongst those who were making sport for Baldur. He spoke to Dwarfs and friendly Giants. "Go to Frigga and ask. Go to Frigga and ask," was all the answer Loki got from any of them.
Then to Fensalir, Frigga's mansion, Loki went. He told those in the mansion that he was Groa, the old Enchantress[Pg 186] who was drawing out of Thor's head the fragments of a grindstone that a Giant's throw had embedded in it. Frigga knew about Groa and she praised the Enchantress for what she had done.
"Many fragments of the great grindstone have I taken out of Thor's head by the charms I know," said the pretended Groa. "Thor was so grateful that he brought back to me the husband that he once had carried off to the end of the earth. So overjoyed was I to find my husband restored that I forgot the rest of the charms. And I left some fragments of the stone in Thor's head."
So Loki said, repeating a story that was true. "Now I remember the rest of the charm," he said, "and I can draw out the fragments of the stone that are left. But will you not tell me, O Queen, what is the meaning of the extraordinary things I saw the Æsir and the Vanir doing?"
"I will tell you," said Frigga, looking kindly and happily at the pretended old woman. "They are hurling all manner of heavy and dangerous things at Baldur, my beloved son. And all Asgard cheers to see that neither metal nor stone nor great wood will hurt him."
"But why will they not hurt him?" said the pretended Enchantress.
"Because I have drawn an oath from all dangerous and threatening things to leave Baldur hurtless," said Frigga.
"From all things, lady? Is there no thing in all the world that has not taken an oath to leave Baldur hurtless?"
"Well, indeed, there is one thing that has not taken the oath. But that thing is so small and weak that I passed it by without taking thought of it."[Pg 187]
"What can it be, lady?"
"The Mistletoe that is without root or strength. It grows on the eastern side of Valhalla. I passed it by without drawing an oath from it."
"Surely you were not wrong to pass it by. What could the Mistletoe—the rootless Mistletoe—do against Baldur?"
Saying this the pretended Enchantress hobbled off.
But not far did the pretender go hobbling. He changed his gait and hurried to the eastern side of Valhalla. There a great oak tree flourished and out of a branch of it a little bush of Mistletoe grew. Loki broke off a spray and with it in his hand he went to where the Æsir and the Vanir were still playing games to honor Baldur.
All were laughing as Loki drew near, for the Giants and the Dwarfs, the Asyniur and the Vana, were all casting missiles. The Giants threw too far and the Dwarfs could not throw far enough, while the Asyniur and the Vana threw far and wide of the mark. In the midst of all that glee and gamesomeness it was strange to see one standing joyless. But one stood so, and he was of the Æsir—Hödur, Baldur's blind brother.
"Why do you not enter the game?" said Loki to him in his changed voice.
"I have no missile to throw at Baldur," Hödur said.
"Take this and throw it," said Loki. "It is a twig of the Mistletoe."
"I cannot see to throw it," said Hödur.
"I will guide your hand," said Loki. He put the twig of Mistletoe in Hödur's hand and he guided the hand for the[Pg 188] throw. The twig flew toward Baldur. It struck him on the breast and it pierced him. Then Baldur fell down with a deep groan.
The Æsir and the Vanir, the Dwarfs and the friendly Giants, stood still in doubt and fear and amazement. Loki slipped away. And blind Hödur, from whose hand the twig of Mistletoe had gone, stood quiet, not knowing that his throw had bereft Baldur of life.
Then a wailing rose around the Peace Stead. It was from the Asyniur and the Vana. Baldur was dead, and they began to lament him. And while they were lamenting him, the beloved of Asgard, Odin came amongst them.
"Hela has won our Baldur from us," Odin said to Frigga as they both bent over the body of their beloved son.
"Nay, I will not say it," Frigga said.
When the Æsir and the Vanir had won their senses back the mother of Baldur went amongst them. "Who amongst you would win my love and goodwill?" she said. "Whoever would let him ride down to Hela's dark realm and ask the Queen to take ransom for Baldur. It may be she will take it and let Baldur come back to us. Who amongst you will go? Odin's steed is ready for the journey."
Then forth stepped Hermod the Nimble, the brother of Baldur. He mounted Sleipner and turned the eight-legged steed down toward Hela's dark realm.
For nine days and nine nights Hermod rode on. His way was through rugged glens, one deeper and darker than the other. He came to the river that is called Giöll[Pg 189] and to the bridge across it that is all glittering with gold. The pale maid who guards the bridge spoke to him.
"The hue of life is still on thee," said Modgudur, the pale maid. "Why dost thou journey down to Hela's deathly realm?"
"I am Hermod," he said, "and I go to see if Hela will take ransom for Baldur."
"Fearful is Hela's habitation for one to come to," said Modgudur, the pale maid. "All round it is a steep wall that even thy steed might hardly leap. Its threshold is Precipice. The bed therein is Care, the table is Hunger, the hanging of the chamber is Burning Anguish."
"It may be that Hela will take ransom for Baldur."
"If all things in the world still lament for Baldur, Hela will have to take ransom and let him go from her," said Modgudur, the pale maid that guards the glittering bridge.
"It is well, then, for all things lament Baldur. I will go to her and make her take ransom."
"Thou mayst not pass until it is of a surety that all things still lament him. Go back to the world and make sure. If thou dost come to this glittering bridge and tell me that all things still lament Baldur, I will let thee pass and Hela will have to hearken to thee."
"I will come back to thee, and thou, Modgudur, pale maid, wilt have to let me pass."
"Then I will let thee pass," said Modgudur.
Joyously Hermod turned Sleipner and rode back through the rugged glens, each one less gloomy than the[Pg 190] other. He reached the upper world, and saw that all things were still lamenting for Baldur. Joyously Hermod rode onward. He met the Vanir in the middle of the world and he told them the happy tidings.
Then Hermod and the Vanir went through the world seeking out each thing and finding that each thing still wept for Baldur. But one day Hermod came upon a crow that was sitting on the dead branch of a tree. The crow made no lament as he came near. She rose up and flew away and Hermod followed her to make sure that she lamented for Baldur.
He lost sight of her near a cave. And then before the cave he saw a hag with blackened teeth who raised no voice of lament. "If thou art the crow that came flying here, make lament for Baldur," Hermod said.
"I, Thaukt, will make no lament for Baldur," the hag said, "let Hela keep what she holds."
"All things weep tears for Baldur," Hermod said.
"I will weep dry tears for him," said the hag.
She hobbled into her cave, and as Hermod followed a crow fluttered out. He knew that this was Thaukt, the evil hag, transformed. He followed her, and she went through the world croaking, "Let Hela keep what she holds. Let Hela keep what she holds."
Then Hermod knew that he might not ride to Hela's habitation. All things knew that there was one thing in the world that would not lament for Baldur. The Vanir came back to him, and with head bowed over Sleipner's mane, Hermod rode into Asgard.[Pg 191]
Now the Æsir and the Vanir, knowing that no ransom would be taken for Baldur and that the joy and content of Asgard were gone indeed, made ready his body for the burning. First they covered Baldur's body with a rich robe, and each left beside it his most precious possession. Then they all took leave of him, kissing him upon the brow. But Nanna, his gentle wife, flung herself on his dead breast and her heart broke and she died of her grief. Then did the Æsir and the Vanir weep afresh. And they took the body of Nanna and they placed it side by side with Baldur's.
On his own great ship, Ringhorn, would Baldur be placed with Nanna beside him. Then the ship would be launched on the water and all would be burned with fire.
But it was found that none of the Æsir or the Vanir were able to launch Baldur's great ship. Hyrroken, a Giantess, was sent for. She came mounted on a great wolf with twisted serpents for a bridle. Four Giants held fast the wolf when she alighted. She came to the ship and with a single push she sent it into the sea. The rollers struck out fire as the ship dashed across them.
Then when it rode the water fires mounted on the ship. And in the blaze of the fires one was seen bending over the body of Baldur and whispering into his ear. It was Odin All-Father. Then he went down off the ship and all the fires rose into a mighty burning. Speechlessly the Æsir and the Vanir watched with tears streaming down their faces while all things lamented, crying, "Baldur the Beautiful is dead, is dead."[Pg 192]
And what was it that Odin All-Father whispered to Baldur as he bent above him with the flames of the burning ship around? He whispered of a heaven above Asgard that Surtur's flames might not reach, and of a life that would come to beauty again after the World of Men and the World of the Gods had been searched through and through with fire.
LOKI'S PUNISHMENT
The crow went flying toward the North, croaking as she flew, "Let Hela keep what she holds. Let Hela keep what she holds." That crow was the hag Thaukt transformed, and the hag Thaukt was Loki.
He flew to the North and came into the wastes of Jötunheim. As a crow he lived there, hiding himself from the wrath of the Gods. He told the Giants that the time had come for them to build the ship Naglfar, the ship that was to be built out of the nails of dead men, and that was to sail to Asgard on the day of Ragnarök with the Giant Hrymer steering it. And harkening to what he said the Giants then and there began to build Naglfar, the ship that Gods and men wished to remain unbuilt for long.
Then Loki, tiring of the wastes of Jötunheim, flew to the burning South. As a lizard he lived amongst the rocks[Pg 194] of Muspelheim, and he made the Fire Giants rejoice when he told them of the loss of Frey's sword and of Tyr's right hand.
But still in Asgard there was one who wept for Loki—Siguna, his wife. Although he had left her and had shown his hatred for her, Siguna wept for her evil husband.
He left Muspelheim as he had left Jötunheim and he came to live in the World of Men. He knew that he had now come into a place where the wrath of the Gods might find him, and so he made plans to be ever ready for escape. He had come to the River where, ages before, he had slain the otter that was the son of the Enchanter, and on the very rock where the otter had eaten the salmon on the day of his killing, Loki built his house. He made four doors to it so that he might see in every direction. And the power that he kept for himself was the power of transforming himself into a salmon.
Often as a salmon he swam in the River. But even for the fishes that swam beside him Loki had hatred. Out of flax and yarn he wove a net that men might have the means of taking them out of the water.
The wrath that the Gods had against Loki did not pass away. It was he who, as Thaukt, the Hag, had given Hela the power to keep Baldur unransomed. It was he who had put into Hödur's hand the sprig of Mistletoe that had bereft Baldur of life. Empty was Asgard now that Baldur lived no more in the Peace Stead, and stern and gloomy grew the minds of the Æsir and the Vanir with thinking on the direful things that were arrayed against them. Odin in his hall of Valhalla thought only of the ways by which[Pg 195] he could bring heroes to him to be his help in defending Asgard.
The Gods searched through the world and they found at last the place where Loki had made his dwelling. He was weaving the net to take fishes when he saw them coming from four directions. He threw the net into the fire so that it was burnt, and he sprang into the River and transformed himself into a salmon. When the Gods entered his dwelling they found only the burnt-out fire.
But there was one amongst them who could understand all that he saw. In the ashes were the marks of the burnt net and he knew that these were the tracing of something to catch fishes. And from the marks left in the ashes he made a net that was the same as the one Loki had burnt.
With it in their hands the Gods went down the River, dragging the net through the water. Loki was affrighted to find the thing of his own weaving brought against him. He lay between two stones at the bottom of the River, and the net passed over him.
But the Gods knew that the net had touched something at the bottom. They fastened weights to it and they dragged the net through the River again. Loki knew that he might not escape it this time and he rose in the water and swam toward the sea. The Gods caught sight of him as he leaped over a waterfall. They followed him, dragging the net. Thor waded behind, ready to seize him should he turn back.
Loki came out at the mouth of the River and behold! There was a great eagle hovering over the waves of the sea and ready to swoop down on fishes. He turned back in the[Pg 196] River. He made a leap that took him over the net that the Gods were dragging. But Thor was behind the net and he caught the salmon in his powerful hands and he held him for all the struggle that Loki made. No fish had ever struggled so before. Loki got himself free all but his tail, but Thor held to the tail and brought him amongst the rocks and forced him to take on his proper form.
He was in the hands of those whose wrath was strong against him. They brought him to a cavern and they bound him to three sharp-pointed rocks. With cords that were made of the sinews of wolves they bound him, and they transformed the cords into iron bands. There they would have left Loki bound and helpless. But Skadi, with her fierce Giant blood, was not content that he should be left untormented. She found a serpent that had deadly venom and she hung this serpent above Loki's head. The drops of venom fell upon him, bringing him anguish drop by drop, minute by minute. So Loki's torture went on.
But Siguna with the pitying heart came to his relief. She exiled herself from Asgard, and endured the darkness and the cold of the cavern, that she might take some of the torment away from him who was her husband. Over Loki Siguna stood, holding in her hands a cup into which fell the serpent's venom, thus sparing him from the full measure of anguish. Now and then Siguna had to turn aside to spill out the flowing cup, and then the drops of venom fell upon Loki and he screamed in agony, twisting in his bonds. It was then that men felt the earth quake. There in his bonds Loki stayed until the coming of Ragnarök, the Twilight of the Gods.
SIGURD'S YOUTH
In Midgard, in a northern Kingdom, a King reigned whose name was Alv; he was wise and good, and he had in his house a fosterson whose name was Sigurd.
Sigurd was fearless and strong; so fearless and so strong was he that he once captured a bear of the forest and drove him to the King's Hall. His mother's name was Hiordis. Once, before Sigurd was born, Alv and his father who was King before him went on an expedition across the sea and came into another country. While they were yet afar off they heard the din of a great battle. They came to the battlefield, but they found no living warriors on it, only heaps of slain. One warrior they marked: he was white[Pg 200]-bearded and old and yet he seemed the noblest-looking man Alv or his father had ever looked on. His arms showed that he was a King amongst one of the bands of warriors.
They went through the forest searching for survivors of the battle. And, hidden in a dell in the forest, they came upon two women. One was tall with blue, unflinching eyes and ruddy hair, but wearing the garb of a serving-maid. The other wore the rich dress of a Queen, but she was of low stature and her manner was covert and shrinking.
When Alv and his father drew near, the one who had on her the raiment of a Queen said, "Help us, lords, and protect us, and we will show you where a treasure is hidden. A great battle has been fought between the men of King Lygni and the men of King Sigmund, and the men of King Lygni have won the victory and have gone from the field. But King Sigmund is slain, and we who are of his household hid his treasure and we can show it to you."
"The noble warrior, white-haired and white-bearded, who lies yonder—is he King Sigmund?"
The woman answered, "Yes, lord, and I am his Queen."
"We have heard of King Sigmund," said Alv's father. "His fame and the fame of his race, the Volsungs, is over the wide world."
Alv said no word to either of the women, but his eyes stayed on the one who had on the garb of a serving-maid. She was on her knees, wrapping in a beast's skin two pieces of a broken sword.[Pg 201]
"You will surely protect us, good lords," said she who had on the queenly dress.
"Yea, wife of King Sigmund, we will protect you and your serving-maid," said Alv's father, the old King.
Then the women took the warriors to a wild place on the seashore and they showed them where King Sigmund's treasure was hidden amongst the rocks: cups of gold and mighty armrings and jeweled collars. Prince Alv and his father put the treasure on the ship and brought the two women aboard. Then they sailed from the land.
That was before Sigurd, the fosterson of King Alv, was born.
Now the mother of Alv was wise and little of what she saw escaped her noting. She saw that of the two women that her son and her husband had brought into their kingdom, the one who wore the dress of the serving-maid had unflinching eyes and a high beauty, while the one who wore the queenly dress was shrinking and unstately. One night when all the women of the household were sitting round her, spinning wool by the light of torches in the hall, the Queen-mother said to the one who wore the queenly garb:
"Thou art good at rising in the morning. How dost thou know in the dark hours when it wears to dawn?"
The one clad in the queenly garb said, "When I was young I used to rise to milk the cows, and I waken ever since at the same hour."
The Queen-mother said to herself, "It is a strange country in which the royal maids rise to milk the cows."[Pg 202]
Then she said to the one who wore the clothes of the serving-maid:
"How dost thou know in the dark hours when the dawn is coming?"
"My father," she said, "gave me the ring of gold that I wear, and always before it is time to rise I feel it grow cold on my finger."
"It is a strange country, truly," said the Queen-mother to herself, "in which the serving-maids wear rings of gold."
When all the others had left she spoke to the two women who had been brought into her country. To the one who wore the clothes of a serving-maid she said:
"Thou art the Queen."
Then the one who wore the queenly clothes said, "Thou art right, lady. She is the Queen, and I cannot any longer pretend to be other than I am."
Then the other woman spoke. Said she: "I am the Queen as thou hast said—the Queen of King Sigmund who was slain. Because a King sought for me I changed clothes with my serving-maid, my wish being to baffle those who might be sent to carry me away.
"Know that I am Hiordis, a King's daughter. Many men came to my father to ask for me in marriage, and of those that came there were two whom I heard much of: one was King Lygni and the other was King Sigmund of the race of the Volsungs. The King, my father, told me it was for me to choose between these two. Now King Sigmund was old, but he was the most famous warrior in the whole world, and I chose him rather than King Lygni.[Pg 203]
"We were wed. But King Lygni did not lose desire of me, and in a while he came against King Sigmund's kingdom with a great army of men. We hid our treasure by the seashore, and I and my maid watched the battle from the borders of the forest. With the help of Gram, his wondrous sword, and his own great warrior strength, Sigmund was able to harry the great force that came against him. But suddenly he was stricken down. Then was the battle lost. Only King Lygni's men survived it, and they scattered to search for me and the treasure of the King.
"I came to where my lord lay on the field of battle, and he raised himself on his shield when I came, and he told me that death was very near him. A stranger had entered the battle at the time when it seemed that the men of King Lygni must draw away. With the spear that he held in his hand he struck at Sigmund's sword, and Gram, the wondrous sword, was broken in two pieces. Then did King Sigmund get his death-wound. 'It must be I shall die,' he said, 'for the spear against which my sword broke was Gungnir, Odin's spear. Only that spear could have shattered the sword that Odin gave my fathers. Now must I go to Valhalla, Odin's Hall of Heroes.'
"'I weep,' I said, 'because I have no son who might call himself of the great race of the Volsungs.'
"'For that you need not weep,' said Sigmund, 'a son will be born to you, my son and yours, and you shall name him Sigurd. Take now the broken pieces of my wondrous sword and give them to my son when he shall be of warrior age.'[Pg 204]
"Then did Sigmund turn his face to the ground and the death-struggle came on him. Odin's Valkyrie took his spirit from the battlefield. And I lifted up the broken pieces of the sword, and with my serving-maid I went and hid in a deep dell in the forest. Then your husband and your son found us and they brought us to your kingdom where we have been kindly treated, O Queen."
Such was the history that Hiordis, the wife of King Sigmund, told to the mother of Prince Alv.
Soon afterwards the child was born to her that was Sigmund's son. Sigurd she named him. And after Sigurd was born the old King died and Prince Alv became King in his stead. He married Hiordis, she of the ruddy hair, the unflinching ways, and the high beauty, and he brought up her son Sigurd in his house as his fosterson.
Sigurd, the son of Sigmund, before he came to warrior's age, was known for his strength and his swiftness and for the fearlessness that shone round him like a glow. "Mighty was the race he sprang from, the Volsung race," men said, "but Sigurd will be as mighty as any that have gone before him." He built himself a hut in the forest that he might hunt wild beasts and live near to one who was to train him in many crafts.
This one was Regin, a maker of swords and a cunning man besides. It was said of Regin that he was an Enchanter and that he had been in the world for longer than the generations of men. No one remembered, nor no one's father remembered, when Regin had come into that country. He taught Sigurd the art of working in metals and he[Pg 205] taught him, too, the lore of other days. But ever as he taught him he looked at Sigurd strangely, not as a man looks at his fellow, but as a lynx looks at a stronger beast.
One day Regin said to young Sigurd, "King Alv has thy father's treasure, men say, and yet he treats thee as if thou wert thrall-born."
Now Sigurd knew that Regin said this that he might anger him and thereafter use him to his own ends. He said, "King Alv is a wise and a good King, and he would let me have riches if I had need of them."
"Thou dost go about as a footboy, and not as a King's son."
"Any day that it likes me I might have a horse to ride," Sigurd said.
"So thou dost say," said Regin, and he turned from Sigurd and went to blow the fire of his smithy.
Sigurd was made angry and he threw down the irons on which he was working and he ran to the horse-pastures by the great River. A herd of horses was there, gray and black and roan and chestnut, the best of the horses that King Alv possessed. As he came near to where the herd grazed he saw a stranger near, an ancient but robust man, wearing a strange cloak of blue and leaning on a staff to watch the horses. Sigurd, though young, had seen Kings in their halls, but this man had a bearing that was more lofty than any King's he had ever looked on.
"Thou art going to choose a horse for thyself," said the stranger to Sigurd.
"Yea, father," Sigurd said.[Pg 206]
"Drive the herd first into the River," the stranger said.
Sigurd drove the horses into the wide River. Some were swept down by the current, others struggled back and clambered up the bank of the pastures. But one swam across the river, and throwing up his head neighed as for a victory. Sigurd marked him; a gray horse he was, young and proud, with a great flowing mane. He went through the water and caught this horse, mounted him, and brought him back across the River.
"Thou hast done well," said the stranger. "Grani, whom thou hast got, is of the breed of Sleipner, the horse of Odin."
"And I am of the race of the sons of Odin," cried Sigurd, his eyes wide and shining with the very light of the sun. "I am of the race of the sons of Odin, for my father was Sigmund, and his father was Volsung, and his father was Rerir, and his father was Sigi, who was the son of Odin."
The stranger, leaning on his staff looked on the youth steadily. Only one of his eyes was to be seen, but that eye, Sigurd thought, might see through a stone. "All thou hast named," the stranger said, "were as swords of Odin to send men to Valhalla, Odin's Hall of Heroes. And of all that thou hast named there were none but were chosen by Odin's Valkyries for battles in Asgard."
Cried Sigurd, "Too much of what is brave and noble in the world is taken by Odin for his battles in Asgard."
The stranger leaned on his staff and his head was bowed. "What wouldst thou?" he said, and it did not seem to Sigurd that he spoke to him. "What wouldst thou? The[Pg 207] leaves wither and fall off Ygdrassil, and the day of Ragnarök comes." Then he raised his head and spoke to Sigurd. "The time is near," he said, "when thou mayst possess thyself of the pieces of thy father's sword."
Then the man in the strange cloak of blue went climbing up the hill and Sigurd watched him pass away from his sight. He had held back Grani, his proud horse, but now he turned him and let him gallop along the River in a race that was as swift as the wind.
THE SWORD GRAM AND THE DRAGON FAFNIR
Mounted upon Grani, his proud horse, Sigurd rode to the Hall and showed himself to Alv, the King, and to Hiordis, his mother. Before the Hall he shouted out the Volsung name, and King Alv felt as he watched him that this youth was a match for a score of men, and Hiordis, his mother, saw the blue flame of his eyes and thought to herself that his way through the world would be as the way of the eagle through the air.
Having shown himself before the Hall, Sigurd dismounted from Grani, and stroked and caressed him with his hands and told him that now he might go back and[Pg 209] take pasture with the herd. The proud horse breathed fondly over Sigurd and bounded away.
Then Sigurd strode on until he came to the hut in the forest where he worked with the cunning smith Regin. No one was in the hut when he entered. But over the anvil, in the smoke of the smithy fire, there was a work of Regin's hands. Sigurd looked upon it, and a hatred for the thing that was shown rose up in him.
The work of Regin's hands was a shield, a great shield of iron. Hammered out on that shield and colored with red and brown colors was the image of a Dragon, a Dragon lengthening himself out of a cave. Sigurd thought it was the image of the most hateful thing in the world, and the light of the smithy fire falling on it, and the smoke of the smithy fire rising round it, made it seem verily a Dragon living in his own element of fire and reek.
While he was still gazing on the loathly image, Regin, the cunning smith, came into the smithy. He stood by the wall and he watched Sigurd. His back was bent; his hair fell over his eyes that were all fiery, and he looked like a beast that runs behind the hedges.
"Aye, thou dost look on Fafnir the Dragon, son of the Volsungs," he said to Sigurd. "Mayhap it is thou who wilt slay him."
"I would not strive with such a beast. He is all horrible to me," Sigurd said.
"With a good sword thou mightst slay him and win for thyself more renown than ever thy fathers had," Regin whispered.[Pg 210]
"I shall win renown as my fathers won renown, in battle with men and in conquest of kingdoms," Sigurd said.
"Thou art not a true Volsung or thou wouldst gladly go where most danger and dread is," said Regin. "Thou hast heard of Fafnir the Dragon, whose image I have wrought here. If thou dost ride to the crest of the hills thou mayst look across to the desolate land where Fafnir has his haunt. Know that once it was fair land where men had peace and prosperity, but Fafnir came and made his den in a cave near by, and his breathings as he went to and came from the River withered up the land and made it the barren waste that men called Gnita Heath. Now, if thou art a true Volsung, thou wilt slay the Dragon, and let that land become fair again, and bring the people back to it and so add to King Alv's domain."
"I have nought to do with the slaying of Dragons," Sigurd said. "I have to make war on King Lygni, and avenge upon him the slaying of Sigmund, my father."
"What is the slaying of Lygni and the conquest of his kingdom to the slaying of Fafnir the Dragon?" Regin cried. "I will tell thee what no one else knows of Fafnir the Dragon. He guards a hoard of gold and jewels the like of which was never seen in the world. All this hoard you can make yours by slaying him."
"I do not covet riches," Sigurd said.
"No riches is like to the riches that Fafnir guards. His hoard is the hoard that the Dwarf Andvari had from the world's early days. Once the Gods themselves paid it over[Pg 211] as a ransom. And if thou wilt win this hoard thou wilt be as one of the Gods."
"How dost thou know that of which thou speakst, Regin?" Sigurd said.
"I know, and one day I may tell thee how I know."
"And one day I may harken to thee. But speak to me no more of this Dragon. I would have thee make a sword, a sword that will be mightier and better shapen than any sword in the world. Thou canst do this, Regin, for thou art accounted the best swordsmith amongst men."
Regin looked at Sigurd out of his small and cunning eyes and he thought it was best to make himself active. So he took the weightiest pieces of iron and put them into his furnace and he brought out the secret tools that he used when a masterwork was claimed from his hands.
All day Sigurd worked beside him keeping the fire at its best glow and bringing water to cool the blade as it was fashioned and refashioned. And as he worked he thought only about the blade and about how he would make war upon King Lygni, and avenge the man who was slain before he himself was born.
All day he thought only of war and of the beaten blade. But at night his dreams were not upon wars nor shapen blades but upon Fafnir the Dragon. He saw the heath that was left barren by his breath, and he saw the cave where he had his den, and he saw him crawling down from his cave, his scales glittering like rings of mail, and his length the length of a company of men on the march.[Pg 212]
The next day he worked with Regin to shape the great sword. When it was shapen with all the cunning Regin knew it looked indeed a mighty sword. Then Regin sharpened it and Sigurd polished it. And at last he held the great sword by its iron hilt.
Then Sigurd took the shield that had the image of Fafnir the Dragon upon it and he put the shield over the anvil of the smithy. Raising the great sword in both his hands he struck full on the iron shield.
The stroke of the sword sheared away some of the shield, but the blade broke in Sigurd's hands. Then in anger he turned on Regin, crying out, "Thou hast made a knave's sword for me. To work with thee again! Thou must make me a Volsung's sword."
Then he went out and called to Grani, his horse, and mounted him and rode to the river bank like the sweep of the wind.
Regin took more pieces of iron and began to forge a new sword, uttering as he worked runes that were about the hoard that Fafnir the Dragon guarded. And Sigurd that night dreamt of glittering treasure that he coveted not, masses of gold and heaps of glistening jewels.
He was Regin's help the next day and they both worked to make a sword that would be mightier than the first. For three days they worked upon it, and then Regin put into Sigurd's hands a sword, sharpened and polished, that was mightier and more splendid looking than the one that had been forged before. And again Sigurd took the shield that had the image of the Dragon upon it and he put it[Pg 213] upon the anvil. Then he raised his arms and struck his full blow. The sword cut through the shield, but when it struck the anvil it shivered in his hands.
He left the smithy angrily and called to Grani, his proud horse. He mounted and rode on like the sweep of the wind.
Later he came to his mother's bower and stood before Hiordis. "A greater sword must I have," said he, "than one that is made of metal dug out of the earth. The time has come, mother, when thou must put into my hands the broken pieces of Gram, the sword of Sigmund and the Volsungs."
Hiordis measured him with the glance of her eyes, and she saw that her son was a mighty youth and one fit to use the sword of Sigmund and the Volsungs. She bade him go with her to the King's Hall. Out of the great stone chest that was in her chamber she took the beast's skin and the broken blade that was wrapped in it. She gave the pieces into the hands of her son. "Behold the halves of Gram," she said, "of Gram, the mighty sword that in the far-off days Odin left in the Branstock, in the tree of the house of Volsung. I would see Gram new-shapen in thy hands, my son."
Then she embraced him as she had never embraced him before, and standing there with her ruddy hair about her she told him of the glory of Gram and of the deeds of his fathers in whose hands the sword had shone.
Then Sigurd went to the smithy, and he wakened Regin out of his sleep, and he made him look on the shining[Pg 214] halves of Sigmund's sword. He commanded him to make out of these halves a sword for his hand.
Regin worked for days in his smithy and Sigurd never left his side. At last the blade was forged, and when Sigurd held it in his hand fire ran along the edge of it.
Again he laid the shield that had the image of the Dragon upon it on the anvil of the smithy. Again, with his hands on its iron hilt, he raised the sword for a full stroke. He struck, and the sword cut through the shield and sheared through the anvil, cutting away its iron horn. Then did Sigurd know that he had in his hands the Volsungs' sword. He went without and called to Grani, and like the sweep of the wind rode down to the River's bank. Shreds of wool were floating down the water. Sigurd struck at them with his sword, and the fine wool was divided against the water's edge. Hardness and fineness, Gram could cut through both.
That night Gram, the Volsungs' sword, was under his head when he slept, but still his dreams were filled with images that he had not regarded in the day time; the shine of a hoard that he coveted not, and the gleam of the scales of a Dragon that was too loathly for him to battle with.
THE DRAGON'S BLOOD
Sigurd went to war: with the men that King Alv gave him he marched into the country that was ruled over by the slayer of his father. The war that he waged was short and the battles that he won were not perilous. Old was King Lygni now, and feeble was his grasp upon his people. Sigurd slew him and took away his treasure and added his lands to the lands of King Alv.
But Sigurd was not content with the victory he had gained. He had dreamt of stark battles and of renown that would be hardily won. What was the war he had waged to the wars that Sigmund his father, and Volsung his father's father, had waged in their days? Not content was Sigurd. He led his men back by the hills from the crests[Pg 216] of which he could look upon the Dragon's haunts. And having come as far as those hills he bade his men return to King Alv's hall with the spoils he had won.
They went, and Sigurd stayed upon the hills and looked across Gnita Heath to where Fafnir the Dragon had his lair. All blasted and wasted was the Heath with the fiery breath of the Dragon. And he saw the cave where Fafnir abode, and he saw the track that his comings and goings made. For every day the Dragon left his cave in the cliffs, crossing the Heath to come to the River at which he drank.
For the length of a day Sigurd watched from the hills the haunt of the Dragon. In the evening he saw him lengthening himself out of the cave, and coming on his track across the Heath, in seeming like a ship that travels swiftly because of its many oars.
Then to Regin in his smithy he came. To that cunning man Sigurd said:
"Tell me all thou dost know of Fafnir the Dragon."
Regin began to talk, but his speech was old and strange and filled with runes. When he had spoken it all Sigurd said, "All thou hast told me thou wilt have to say over again in a speech that is known to men of our day."
Then said Regin: "Of a hoard I spoke. The Dwarf Andvari guarded it from the first days of the world. But one of the Æsir forced Andvari to give the hoard to him, masses of gold and heaps of jewels, and the Æsir gave it to Hreidmar, who was my father.
"For the slaying of his son Otter the Æsir gave the[Pg 217] hoard to Hreidmar, the greatest hoard that had ever been seen in the world. But not long was it left to Hreidmar to gloat over. For a son slew a father that he might possess that hoard. Fafnir, that son was Fafnir, my brother.
"Then Fafnir, that no one might disturb his possession of the hoard, turned himself into a Dragon, a Dragon so fearful that none dare come nigh him. And I, Regin, was stricken with covetousness of the hoard. I did not change myself into another being, but, by the magic my father knew, I made my life longer than the generations of men, hoping that I would see Fafnir slain and then have the mighty hoard under my hands.
"Now, son of the Volsungs, thou dost know all that has to do with Fafnir the Dragon, and the great hoard that he guards."
"Little do I care about the hoard he guards," Sigurd said. "I care only that he has made the King's good lands into a waste and that he is an evil thing to men. I would have the renown of slaying Fafnir the Dragon."
"With Gram, the sword thou hast, thou couldst slay Fafnir," Regin cried, his body shaken with his passion for the hoard. "Thou couldst slay him with the sword thou hast. Harken now and I will tell thee how thou mightst give him the deathly stroke through the coils of his mail. Harken, for I have thought of it all.
"The track of the Dragon to the River is broad, for he takes ever the one track. Dig a pit in the middle of that track, and when Fafnir comes over it strike up into his[Pg 218] coils of mail with Gram, thy great sword. Gram only may pierce that mail. Then will Fafnir be slain and the hoard will be left guardless."
"What thou sayst is wise, Regin," Sigurd answered. "We will make this pit and I will strike Fafnir in the way thou sayst."
Then Sigurd went and he rode upon Grani, his proud horse, and he showed himself to King Alv and to Hiordis, his mother. Afterwards he went with Regin to the Heath that was the haunt of the Dragon, and in his track they dug a pit for the slaying of Fafnir.
And, lest his horse should scream aloud at the coming of the Dragon, Sigurd had Grani sent back to a cave in the hills. It was Regin that brought Grani away. "I am fearful and can do nothing to help thee, son of the Volsungs," he said. "I will go away and await the slaying of Fafnir."
He went, and Sigurd lay down in the pit they had made and practiced thrusting upward with his sword. He lay with his face upward and with his two hands he thrust the mighty sword upward.
But as he lay there he bethought of a dread thing that might happen; namely, that the blood and the venom of the Dragon might pour over him as he lay there, and waste him flesh and bone. When he thought of this Sigurd hastened out of the pit, and he dug other pits near by, and he made a passage for himself from one pit to the other that he might escape from the flow of the Dragon's envenomed blood.[Pg 219]
As he lay down again in the pit he heard the treading of the Dragon and he heard the Dragon's strange and mournful cry. Mightily the Dragon came on and he heard his breathing. His shape came over the pit. Then the Dragon held his head and looked down on Sigurd.
It was the instant for him to make stroke with Gram. He did not let the instant pass. He struck mightily under the shoulder and toward the heart of the beast. The sword went through the hard and glittering scales that were the creature's mail. Sigurd pulled out the sword and drew himself through the passage and out into the second pit as Fafnir's envenomed blood drenched where he had been.
Drawing himself up out of the second pit he saw the huge shape of Fafnir heaving and lashing. He came to him and thrust his sword right through the Dragon's neck. The Dragon reared up as though to fling himself down on Sigurd with all his crushing bulk and dread talons, with his fiery breath and his envenomed blood. But Sigurd leaped aside and ran far off. Then did Fafnir scream his death scream. After he had torn up rocks with his talons he lay prone on the ground, his head in the pit that was filled with his envenomed blood.
Then did Regin, hearing the scream that let him know that Fafnir was slain, come down to where the battle had been fought. When he saw that Sigurd was alive and unharmed he uttered a cry of fury. For his plan had been to have Sigurd drowned and burnt in the pit with the stream of Fafnir's envenomed blood.
But he mastered his fury and showed a pleased counte[Pg 220]nance to Sigurd. "Now thou wilt have renown," he cried. "Forever wilt thou be called Sigurd, Fafnir's Bane. More renown than ever any of thy fathers had wilt thou have, O Prince of the Volsungs."
So he spoke, saying fair words to him, for now that he was left alive there was something he would have Sigurd do.
"Fafnir is slain," Sigurd said, "and the triumph over him was not lightly won. Now may I show myself to King Alv and to my mother, and the gold from Fafnir's hoard will make me a great spoil."
"Wait," said Regin cunningly. "Wait. Thou hast yet to do something for me. With the sword thou hast, cut through the Dragon and take out his heart for me. When thou hast taken it out, roast it that I may eat of it and become wiser than I am. Do this for me who showed thee how to slay Fafnir."
Sigurd did what Regin would have him do. He cut out the heart of the Dragon and he hung it from stakes to roast. Regin drew away and left him. As Sigurd stood before the fire putting sticks upon it there was a great silence in the forest.
He put his hand down to turn an ashen branch into the heart of the fire. As he did a drop from the roasting Dragon-heart fell upon his hand. The drop burnt into him. He put his hand to his mouth to ease the smart, and his tongue tasted the burning blood of the Dragon.
He went to gather wood for the fire. In a clearing that he came to there were birds; he saw four on a branch to[Pg 221]gether. They spoke to each other in birds' notes, and Sigurd heard and knew what they were saying.
Said the first bird: "How simple is he who has come into this dell! He has no thought of an enemy, and yet he who was with him but a while ago has gone away that he may bring a spear to slay him."
"For the sake of the gold that is in the Dragon's cave he would slay him," said the second bird.
And the third bird said: "If he would eat the Dragon's heart himself he would know all wisdom."
But the fourth bird said: "He has tasted a drop of the Dragon's blood and he knows what we are saying."
The four birds did not fly away nor cease from speaking. Instead they began to tell of a marvelous abode that was known to them.
Deep in the forest, the birds sang, there was a Hall that was called the House of Flame. Its ten walls were Uni, Iri, Barri, Ori, Varns, Vegdrasil, Derri, Uri, Dellinger, Atvarder, and each wall was built by the Dwarf whose name it bore. All round the Hall there was a circle of fire through which none might pass. And within the Hall a maiden slept, and she was the wisest and the bravest and the most beautiful maiden in the world.
Sigurd stood like a man enchanted listening to what the birds sang.
But suddenly they changed the flow of their discourse, and their notes became sharp and piercing.
"Look, look!" cried one. "He is coming against the youth."[Pg 222]
"He is coming against the youth with a spear," cried another.
"Now will the youth be slain unless he is swift," cried a third.
Sigurd turned round and he saw Regin treading the way toward him, grim and silent, with a spear in his hands. The spear would have gone through Sigurd had he stayed one instant longer in the place where he had been listening to the speech of the birds. As he turned he had his sword in his hand, and he flung it, and Gram struck Regin on the breast.
Then Regin cried out: "I die—I die without having laid my hands on the hoard that Fafnir guarded. Ah, a curse was upon the hoard, for Hreidmar and Fafnir and I have perished because of it. May the curse of the gold now fall on the one who is my slayer."
Then did Regin breathe out his life. Sigurd took the body and cast it into the pit that was alongside the dead Fafnir. Then, that he might eat the Dragon's heart and become the wisest of men, he went to where he had left it roasting. And he thought that when he had eaten the heart he would go into the Dragon's cave and carry away the treasure that was there, and bring it as spoil of his battle to King Alv and to his mother. Then he would go through the forest and find the House of Flame where slept the maiden who was the wisest and bravest and most beautiful in the world.
But Sigurd did not eat the Dragon's heart. When he came to where he had left it roasting he found that the fire had burnt it utterly.
THE STORY OF SIGMUND AND SIGNY
He called to Grani, his proud horse; he stood up on a mound in the Heath and he sent forth a great shout. And Grani heard in the cave where Regin had left him and he came galloping to Sigurd with flowing mane and eyes flashing fire.
He mounted Grani and he rode to Fafnir's cave. When he went into the place where the Dragon was wont to lie he saw a door of iron before him. With Gram, his mighty sword, he hewed through the iron, and with his strong hands he pulled the door back. Then, before him he saw the treasure the Dragon guarded, masses of gold and heaps of shining jewels.
But as he looked on the hoard Sigurd felt some shadow of the evil that lay over it all. This was the hoard that in[Pg 224] the far-off days the River-Maidens watched over as it lay deep under the flowing water. Then Andvari the Dwarf forced the River-Maidens to give it to him. And Loki had taken it from Andvari, letting loose as he did Gulveig the Witch who had such evil power over the Gods. For the sake of the hoard Fafnir had slain Hreidmar, his father, and Regin had plotted death against Fafnir, his brother.
Not all this history did Sigurd know. But a shadow of its evil touched his spirit as he stood there before the gleaming and glittering heap. He would take all of it away, but not now. The tale that the birds told was in his mind, and the green of the forest was more to him than the glitter of the treasure heap. He would come back with chests and load it up and carry it to King Alv's hall. But first he would take such things as he himself might wear.
He found a helmet of gold and he put it on his head. He found a great armring and his put it around his arm. On the top of the armring there was a small fingerring with a rune graved upon it. Sigurd put it on his finger. And this was the ring that Andvari the Dwarf had put the curse upon when Loki had taken the hoard from him.
He knew that no one would cross the Heath and come to Fafnir's lair, so he did not fear to leave the treasure unguarded. He mounted Grani, his proud horse, and rode toward the forest. He would seek the House of Flame where she lay sleeping, the maiden who was the wisest and the bravest and the most beautiful in the world. With his golden helmet shining above his golden hair Sigurd rode on.[Pg 225]
As he rode toward the forest he thought of Sigmund, his father, whose slaying he had avenged, and he thought of Sigmund's father, Volsung, and of the grim deeds that the Volsungs had suffered and wrought.
Rerir, the son of Sigi who was the son of Odin, was the father of Volsung. And Volsung when he was in his first manhood had built his hall around a mighty tree. Its branches went up to the roof and made the beams of the house and its great trunk was the center of the hall. "The Branstock" the tree was called, and Volsung hall was named "The Hall of the Branstock."
Many children had Volsung, eleven sons and one daughter. Strong were all his sons and good fighters, and Volsung of the Hall of the Branstock was a mighty chief.
It was through Signy, the daughter of the house, that a feud and a deadly battle was brought to Volsung and his sons. She was a wise and a fair maiden and her fame went through all the lands. Now, one day Volsung received a message from a King asking for the hand of Signy in marriage. And Volsung who knew of this King through report of his battles sent a message to him saying that he would be welcome to the Hall of the Branstock.
So King Siggeir came with his men. But when the Volsungs looked into his face they liked it not. And Signy shrank away, saying, "This King is evil of heart and false of word."
Volsung and his eleven sons took counsel together. Siggeir had a great force of men with him, and if they refused to give her he could slay them all and harry their[Pg 226] kingdom. Besides they had pledged themselves to give Signy when they had sent him a message of welcome. Long counsel they had together. And ten of Signy's brothers said, "Let Signy wed this King. He is not as evil as he seems in her mind." Ten brothers said it. But one spoke out, saying, "We will not give our sister to this evil King. Rather let us all go down fighting with the Hall of the Branstock flaming above our heads."
It was Sigmund, the youngest of the Volsungs, who said this.
But Signy's father said: "We know nought of evil of King Siggeir. Also our word is given to him. Let him feast with us this night in the Hall of the Branstock and let Signy go from us with him as his wife." Then they looked to her and they saw Signy's face and it was white and stern. "Let it be as ye have said, my father and my brothers," she said. "I will wed King Siggeir and go with him overseas." So she said aloud. But Sigmund heard her say to herself, "It is woe for the Volsungs."
A feast was made and King Siggeir and his men came to the Hall of the Branstock. Fires were lighted and tables were spread, and great horns of mead went around the guests. In the middle of the feasting a stranger entered the Hall. He was taller than the tallest there, and his bearing made all do him reverence. One offered him a horn of mead and he drank it. Then, from under the blue cloak that he wore, he drew a sword that made the brightness of the Hall more bright.
He went to the tree that the Hall was built around, to[Pg 227] the Branstock, and he thrust the sword into it. All the company were hushed. Then they heard the voice of the stranger, a voice that was like the trumpet's call: "The sword is for the hand that can draw it out of the Branstock." Then he went out of the Hall.
All looked to where the sword was placed and saw a hand's breadth of wonderful brightness. This one and that one would have laid hands on the hilt, only Volsung's voice bade them stand still. "It is meet," he said, "that our guest and our son-in-law, King Siggeir, should be the first to put hands on its hilt and try to draw the sword of the stranger out of the Branstock."
King Siggeir went to the tree and laid his hands on the broad hilt. He strove hard to draw out the sword, but all his might could not move it. As he strained himself to draw it and failed, a dark look of anger came into his face.
Then others tried to draw it, the captains who were with King Siggeir, and they, too, failed to move the blade. Then Volsung tried and Volsung could not move it. One after the other, his eleven sons strained to draw out the stranger's sword. At last it came to the turn of the youngest, to Sigmund, to try. And when Sigmund laid his hand on the broad hilt and drew it, behold! The sword came with his hand, and once again the Hall was brightened with its marvelous brightness.
It was a wondrous sword, a sword made out of better metal and by smiths more cunning than any known. All envied Sigmund that he had won for himself that wonder-weapon.[Pg 228]
King Siggeir looked on it with greedy eyes. "I will give thee its weight in gold for that sword, good brother," he said.
But Sigmund said to him proudly: "If the sword was for thy hand thou shouldst have won it. The sword was not for thine, but for a Volsung's hand."
And Signy, looking at King Siggeir, saw a look of deeper evil come into his face. She knew that hatred for all the Volsung race was in his heart.
But at the end of the feast she was wed to King Siggeir, and the next day she left the Hall of the Branstock and went with him down to where his great painted ship was drawn up on the beach. And when they were parting from her, her father and her brothers, King Siggeir invited them to come to his country, as friends visiting friends and kinsmen visiting kinsmen, and look on Signy again. And he stood on the beach and would not go on board his ship until each and all of the Volsungs gave their word that they would visit Signy and him in his own land. "And when thou comest," he said to Sigmund, "be sure thou dost bring with thee the mighty sword that thou didst win."
All this was thought of by Sigurd, the son of Sigmund, as he rode toward the fringe of the forest.
The time came for Volsung and his sons to redeem the promise they made to King Siggeir. They made ready their ship and they sailed from the land where stood the Hall of the Branstock. And they landed on the coast of King Siggeir's country, and they drew their ship up on the[Pg 229] beach and they made their camp there, intending to come to the King's Hall in the broad light of the day.
But in the half light of the dawn one came to the Volsung ship. A cloak and hood covered the figure, but Sigmund, who was the watcher, knew who it was. "Signy!" he said, and Signy asked that her father and her brothers be awakened until she would speak to them of a treason that was brewed against them.
"King Siggeir has made ready a great army against your coming," she told them. "He hates the Volsungs, the branch as well as the root, and it is his plan to fall upon you, my father and my brothers, with his great army and slay you all. And he would possess himself of Gram, Sigmund's wonder-sword. Therefore, I say to you, O Volsungs, draw your ship into the sea and sail from the land where such treachery can be."
But Volsung, her father, would not listen. "The Volsungs do not depart like broken men from a land they have brought their ship to," he said. "We gave, each and all, the word that we would visit King Siggeir and visit him we will. And if he is a dastard and would fall upon us, why we are the unbeaten Volsungs, and we will fight against him and his army and slay him, and bear you back with us to the Hall of the Branstock. The day widens now, and we shall go to the Hall."
Signy would have spoken of the great army King Siggeir had gathered, but she knew that the Volsungs never harkened to talk of odds. She spoke no more, but bowed her head and went back to King Siggeir's hall.[Pg 230]
Siggeir knew that Signy had been to warn her father and her brothers. He called the men he had gathered and he posted them cunningly in the way the Volsungs would come. Then he sent one to the ship with a message of welcome.
As they left their ship the army of King Siggeir fell upon the Volsungs and their followers. Very fierce was the battle that was waged on the beach, and many and many a one of King Siggeir's fierce fighters went down before the fearless ones that made Volsung's company. But at last Volsung himself was slain and his eleven sons were taken captive. And Gram, his mighty sword, was taken out of Sigmund's hands.
They were brought before King Siggeir in his hall, the eleven Volsung princes. Siggeir laughed to see them before him. "Ye are not in the Hall of the Branstock now, to dishonor me with black looks and scornful words," he said, "and a harder task will be given you than that of drawing a sword out of a tree-trunk. Before set of sun I will see you hewn to pieces with the sword."
Then Signy who was there stood up with her white face and her wide eyes, and she said: "I pray not for longer life for my brothers, for well I know that my prayers would avail them nought. But dost thou not heed the proverb, Siggeir—'Sweet to the eye as long as the eye can see'?"
And Siggeir laughed his evil laugh when he heard her. "Aye, my Queen," he said, "sweet to the eye as long as the eye may see their torments. They shall not die at once nor all together. I will let them see each other die."[Pg 231]
So Siggeir gave a new order to his dastard troops. The order was that the eleven brothers should be taken into the depths of the forest and chained to great beams and left there. This was done with the eleven sons of Volsung.
The next day one who had watched and who was faithful to Signy came, and Signy said to him: "What has befallen my brothers?"
And the watcher said: "A great wolf came to where the chained men are, and fell upon the first of them and devoured him."
When Signy heard this no tears came from her eyes, but that which was hard around her heart became harder. She said, "Go again, and watch what befalls."
And the watcher came the second time and said: "The second of your brothers has been devoured by the wolf." Signy shed no tears this time either, and again that which was hard around her heart became harder.
And every day the watcher came and he told her what had befallen her brothers. And it came to the time when but one of her brothers was left alive, Sigmund, the youngest.
Then said Signy: "Not without device are we left at the end. I have thought of what is to be done. Take a pot of honey to where he is chained and smear Sigmund's face with the honey."
The watcher did as Signy bade him.
Again the great wolf came along the forest-ways to where Sigmund was chained. When she snuffed over him she found the honey upon his face. She put down her[Pg 232] tongue to lick over his face. Then, with his strong teeth Sigmund seized the tongue of the wolf. She fought and she struggled with all her might, but Sigmund did not let go of her tongue. The struggle with the beast broke the beam to which he was chained. Then Sigmund seized the wolf with his hands and tore her jaws apart.
The watcher saw this happening and told of it to Signy. A fierce joy went through her, and she said: "One of the Volsungs lives, and vengeance will be wrought upon King Siggeir and upon his house."
Still the watcher stayed in the ways of the forest, and he marked where Sigmund built for himself a hidden hut. Often he bore tokens from Signy to Sigmund. Sigmund took to the ways of the hunter and the outlaw, but he did not forsake the forest. And King Siggeir knew not that one of the Volsungs lived and was near him.
THE STORY OF SIGMUND AND SINFIOTLI
As Sigurd rode the ways of the forest he thought upon Sigmund, his father, on his life and his death, according to what Hiordis, his mother, had told him. Sigmund lived for long the life of the hunter and the outlaw, but he never strayed far from the forest that was in King Siggeir's dominion. Often did he get a token from Signy. They two, the last of the Volsungs, knew that King Siggeir and his house would have to perish for the treason he had wrought on their father and their brothers.
Sigmund knew that his sister would send her son to help him. One morning there came to his hut a boy of ten years. He knew that this was one of Signy's sons, and that she[Pg 234] would have him train him into being a warrior worthy of the Volsung breed.
Sigmund hardly looked and hardly spoke to the lad. He was going hunting, and as he took down his spear from the wall he said:
"There is the mealbag, boy. Mix the meal and make the bread, and we will eat when I come back."
When he returned the bread was unmade, and the boy was standing watching the mealbag with widened eyes. "Thou didst not make the bread?" Sigmund said.
"Nay," said the boy, "I was afeard to go near the bag. Something stirred within it."
"Thou hast the heart of a mouse so to be frighted. Go back to thy mother and tell her that not in thee is the stuff for a Volsung warrior."
So Sigmund spoke, and the boy went away weeping.
A year later another son of Signy's came. As before Sigmund hardly looked at and hardly spoke to the boy. He said:
"There is the mealbag. Mix the meal and make ready the bread against the time I return."
When Sigmund came back the bread was unmade. The boy had shrunk away from where the bag was.
"Thou hast not made the bread?" Sigmund said.
"Nay," said the boy, "something stirred in the bag, and I was afeard."
"Thou hast the heart of a mouse. Get thee back to thy mother and tell her that there is not in thee the stuff for the making of a Volsung warrior."
And this boy, like his brother, went back weeping.[Pg 235]
At that time Signy had no other sons. But at last one was born to her, the child of a desperate thought. Him, too, when he was grown, she sent to Sigmund.
"What did thy mother say to thee?" Sigmund said to this boy when he showed himself at the hut.
"Nothing. She sewed my gloves to my hands and then bade me pull them off."
"And didst thou?"
"Aye, and the skin came with them."
"And didst thou weep?"
"A Volsung does not weep for such a thing."
Long did Sigmund look on the lad. He was tall and fair and great-limbed, and his eyes had no fear in them.
"What wouldst thou have me do for thee?" said the lad.
"There is the mealbag," Sigmund said. "Mix the meal and make the bread for me against the time I return."
When Sigmund came back the bread was baking on the coals. "What didst thou with the meal?" Sigmund asked.
"I mixed it. Something was in the meal—a serpent, I think—but I kneaded it with the meal, and now the serpent is baking on the coals."
Sigmund laughed and threw his arms around the boy. "Thou wilt not eat of that bread," he said. "Thou didst knead into it a venomous serpent."
The boy's name was Sinfiotli. Sigmund trained him in the ways of the hunter and the outlaw. Here and there they went, taking vengeance on King Siggeir's men. The boy was fierce, but never did he speak a word that was false.
One day when Sigmund and Sinfiotli were hunting,[Pg 236] they came upon a strange house in the dark wood. When they went within they found two men lying there sleeping a deep sleep. On their arms were heavy rings of gold, and Sigmund knew that they were the sons of Kings.
And beside the sleeping men he saw wolfskins, left there as though they had been cast off. Then Sigmund knew that these men were shape-changers—that they were ones who changed their shapes and ranged through the forests as wolves.
Sigmund and Sinfiotli put on the skins that the men had cast off, and when they did this they changed their shapes and became as wolves. And as wolves they ranged through the forest, now and then changing their shapes back to those of men. As wolves they fell upon King Siggeir's men and slew more and more of them.
One day Sigmund said to Sinfiotli: "Thou art still young and I would not have thee be too rash. If thou dost come upon a company of seven men, fight them. But if thou dost come on a company greater than seven, raise up thy voice as a wolf's cry and bring me to thy side."
Sinfiotli promised that he would do this.
One day, as he went through the forest in his wolf's shape, Sigmund heard the din of a struggle and he stopped to listen for Sinfiotli's call. But no call came. Then Sigmund went through the forest in the direction of the struggle. On his way he passed the bodies of eleven slain men. And he came upon Sinfiotli lying in the thicket, his wolf's shape upon him, and panting from the battle he had waged.[Pg 237]
"Thou didst strive with eleven men. Why didst thou not call to me?" Sigmund said.
"Why should I have called to thee? I am not so feeble but I can strive with eleven men."
Sigmund was made angry with this answer. He looked on Sinfiotli where he lay, and the wicked wolf's nature that was in the skin came over him. He sprang upon him, sinking his teeth in Sinfiotli's throat.
Sinfiotli lay gasping in the throes of death. And Sigmund, knowing the deadly grip that was in those jaws of his, howled his anguish.
Then, as he licked the face of his comrade, he saw two weasels meet. They began to fight, one with the other, and the first caught the second at the throat, and bit him with his teeth and laid him out as if in death. Sigmund marked the combat and the end of it. But then the first weasel ran and found leaves of a certain herb and he put them upon his comrade's wound. And the herb cured the wound, and the weasel that was bitten rose up and was sound and swift again.
Sigmund went searching for the herb he saw the weasel carry to his comrade. And as he sought for it he saw a raven with a leaf in her beak. She dropped the leaf as he came to her, and behold! It was the same leaf as the weasel had brought to his comrade. Sigmund took it and laid it on the wound he had made in Sinfiotli's throat, and the wound healed, and Sinfiotli was sound once more. They went back to their hut in the forest. And the next day they burnt the wolfskins, and they prayed the Gods that they[Pg 238] might never be afflicted with the wolf's evil nature again. And Sigmund and Sinfiotli never afterwards changed their shapes.
THE STORY OF THE VENGEANCE OF THE VOLSUNGS
AND OF THE DEATH OF SINFIOTLI
And now Sinfiotli had come to his full strength and it was time to take vengeance on King Siggeir for the slaying of Volsung and the dread doom he had set for Volsung's ten sons. Sigmund and Sinfiotli put helmets on their heads and took swords in their hands and went to King Siggeir's Hall. They hid behind the casks of ale that were at the entrance and they waited for the men-at-arms to leave the Hall that they might fall upon King Siggeir and his attendants.
The younger children of King Siggeir were playing in the Hall and one let fall a ball. It went rolling behind the[Pg 240] casks of ale. And the child peering after the ball saw two men crouching with swords in their hands and helmets on their heads.
The child told a servant who told the King. Then Siggeir arose, and he drew his men-at-arms around him, and he set them on the men who were hiding behind the barrels. Sigmund and Sinfiotli sprang up and fought against the men of King Siggeir, but they were taken captives.
Now they might not be slain there and then, for it was unlawful to slay captives after sunset. But for all that, King Siggeir would not leave them above ground. He decreed that they should be put in a pit, and a mound made over them so that they would be buried alive.
The sentence was carried out. A great flagstone was put down to divide the pit in two, so that Sigmund and Sinfiotli might hear each other's struggle and not be able to give help to each other. All was done as the King commanded.
But while his thralls were putting sods over the pit, one came amongst them, cloaked and hooded, and dropped something wrapped in straw into the side of the pit where Sinfiotli lay. And when the sky was shut out from them with the turf and soil that was put over the pit, Sinfiotli shouted to Sigmund: "I shall not die, for the queen has thrown down to me meat wrapped in a parcel of straw."
And a while afterwards Sinfiotli shouted to Sigmund: "The queen has left a sword in the meat which she flung down to me. It is a mighty sword. Almost I think it is Gram, the sword you told me of."
"If it be Gram," Sigmund said, "it is a sword that can[Pg 241] cut through this flagstone. Thrust the blade against the stone and try."
Sinfiotli thrust the blade against the stone and the blade went through the stone. Then, one on each side, they took hold of the sword and they cut the great stone in two. Afterwards, working together, it was easy to shift the turf and soil. The two came out under the sky.
Before them was the Hall of King Siggeir. They came to the Hall and they set dry wood before it and they fired the wood and made the Hall blaze up. And when the Hall was in a blaze King Siggeir came to the door and shouted, "Who is it that has fired the house of the King?"
And Sigmund said, "I, Sigmund, the son of Volsung, that you may pay for the treason wrought on the Volsungs."
Seeing Sigmund there with Gram, the great sword, in his hands, Siggeir went back into his Hall. Then Signy was seen with her white face and her stern eyes, and Sigmund called to her, "Come forth, come forth. Sigmund calls. Come out of Siggeir's blazing house and together we will go back to the Hall of the Branstock."
But Signy said, "All is finished now. The vengeance is wrought and I have no more to keep me in life. The Volsung race lives on in you, my brother, and that is my joy. Not merrily did I wed King Siggeir and not merrily did I live with him, but merrily will I die with him now."
She went within the Hall; then the flames burst over it and all who were within perished. Thus the vengeance of the Volsungs was wrought.
And Sigurd thought on the deed that Sigmund, his[Pg 242] father, and Sinfiotli, the youth who was his father's kinsman, wrought, as he rode the ways of the forest, and of the things that thereafter befell them.
Sigmund and Sinfiotli left King Siggeir's land and came back to the land where was the Hall of the Branstock. Sigmund became a great King and Sinfiotli was the Captain of his host.
And the story of Sigmund and Sinfiotli goes on to tell how Sigmund wed a woman whose name was Borghild, and how Sinfiotli loved a woman who was loved by Borghild's brother. A battle came in which the youths were on opposite sides, and Sinfiotli killed Borghild's brother, and it was in fair combat.
Sinfiotli returned home. To make peace between him and the Queen, Sigmund gave Borghild a great measure of gold as compensation for the loss of her brother. The Queen took it and said, "Lo, my brother's worth is reckoned at this; let no more be said about his slaying." And she made Sinfiotli welcome to the Hall of the Branstock.
But although she showed herself friendly to him her heart was set upon his destruction.
That night there was a feast in the Hall of the Branstock and Borghild the Queen went to all the guests with a horn of mead in her hand. She came to Sinfiotli and she held the horn to him. "Take this from my hands, O friend of Sigmund," she said.
But Sinfiotli saw what was in her eyes and he said, "I will not drink from this horn. There is venom in the drink."[Pg 243]
Then, to end the mockery that the Queen would have made over Sinfiotli, Sigmund who was standing by took the horn out of Borghild's hand. No venom or poison could injure him. He raised the horn to his lips and drained the mead at a draught.
The Queen said to Sinfiotli, "Must other men quaff thy drink for thee?"
Later in the night she came to him again, the horn of mead in her hand. She offered it to Sinfiotli, but he looked in her eyes and saw the hatred that was there. "Venom is in the drink," he said. "I will not take it."
And again Sigmund took the horn and drank the mead at a draught. And again the Queen mocked Sinfiotli.
A third time she came to him. Before she offered the horn she said, "This is the one who fears to take his drink like a man. What a Volsung heart he has!" Sinfiotli saw the hatred in her eyes, and her mockery could not make him take the mead from her. As before Sigmund was standing by. But now he was weary of raising the horn and he said to Sinfiotli, "Pour the drink through thy beard."
He thought that Sigmund meant that he should pour the mead through his lips that were bearded and make trouble no more between him and the Queen. But Sigmund did not mean that. He meant that he should pretend to drink and let the mead run down on the floor. Sinfiotli, not understanding what his comrade meant, took the horn from the Queen and raised it to his lips and drank. And as soon as he drank, the venom that was in the drink went to his heart, and he fell dead in the Hall of the Branstock.[Pg 244]
Oh, woeful was Sigmund for the death of his kinsman and his comrade. He would let no one touch his body. He himself lifted Sinfiotli in his arms and carried him out of the Hall, and through the wood, and down to the seashore. And when he came to the shore he saw a boat drawn up with a man therein. Sigmund came near to him and saw that the man was old and strangely tall. "I will take thy burthen from thee," the man said.
Sigmund left the body of Sinfiotli in the boat, thinking to take a place beside it. But as soon as the body was placed in it the boat went from the land without sail or oars. Sigmund, looking on the old man who stood at the stern, knew that he was not of mortal men, but was Odin All-Father, the giver of the sword Gram.
Then Sigmund went back to his Hall. His Queen died, and in time he wed with Hiordis, who became the mother of Sigurd. And now Sigurd the Volsung, the son of Sigmund and Hiordis, rode the ways of the forest, the sword Gram by his side, and the Golden Helmet of the Dragon's Hoard above his golden hair.
BRYNHILD IN THE HOUSE OF FLAME
The forest ways led him on and up a mountain-side. He came to a mountain-summit at last: Hindfell, where the trees fell away, leaving a place open to the sky and the winds. On Hindfell was the House of Flame. Sigurd saw the walls black, and high, and all around them was a ring of fire.
As he rode nearer he heard the roar of the mounting and the circling fire. He sat on Grani, his proud horse, and for long he looked on the black walls and the flame that went circling around them.
Then he rode Grani to the fire. Another horse would have been affrighted, but Grani remained steady under[Pg 246] Sigurd. To the wall of fire they came, and Sigurd, who knew no fear, rode through it.
Now he was in the courtyard of the Hall. No stir was there of man or hound or horse. Sigurd dismounted and bade Grani be still. He opened a door and he saw a chamber with hangings on which was wrought the pattern of a great tree, a tree with three roots, and the pattern was carried across from one wall to the other. On a couch in the center of the chamber one lay in slumber. Upon the head was a helmet and across the breast was a breastplate. Sigurd took the helmet off the head. Then over the couch fell a heap of woman's hair—wondrous, bright-gleaming hair. This was the maiden that the birds had told him of.
He cut the fastenings of the breastplate with his sword, and he gazed long upon her. Beautiful was her face, but stern; like the face of one who subdues but may not be subdued. Beautiful and strong were her arms and her hands. Her mouth was proud, and over her closed eyes there were strong and beautiful brows.
Her eyes opened, and she turned them and looked full upon Sigurd. "Who art thou who hast awakened me?" she said.
"I am Sigurd, the son of Sigmund, of the Volsung race," he answered.
"And thou didst ride through the ring of fire to me?"
"That did I."
She knelt on the couch and stretched out her arms to where the light shone. "Hail, O Day," she cried, "and hail, O beams that are the sons of Day. O Night, and O[Pg 247] daughter of Night, may ye look on us with eyes that bless. Hail, O Æsir and O Asyniur! Hail, O wide-spreading fields of Midgard! May ye give us wisdom, and wise speech, and healing power, and grant that nothing untrue or unbrave may come near us!"
All this she cried with eyes open wide; they were eyes that had in them all the blue that Sigurd had ever seen: the blue of flowers, the blue of skies, the blue of battle-blades. She turned those great eyes upon him and she said, "I am Brynhild, once a Valkyrie but now a mortal maiden, one who will know death and all the sorrows that mortal women know. But there are things that I may not know, things that are false and of no bravery."
She was the bravest and the wisest and the most beautiful maiden in the world: Sigurd knew that it was so. He laid his sword Gram at her feet, and he said her name, "Brynhild." He told her how he had slain the Dragon, and how he had heard the birds tell of her. She rose from the couch and bound her wondrous hair on her head. In wonder he watched her. When she moved it was as though she walked above the earth.
They sat together and she told him wonderful and secret things. And she told him, too, how she was sent by Odin from Asgard to choose the slain for his hall Valhalla, and to give victory to those whom he willed to have it. And she told how she had disobeyed the will of All-Father, and how for that she was made outcast of Asgard. Odin put into her flesh the thorn of the Tree of Sleep that she might remain in slumber until one who was the bravest of mortal[Pg 248] men should waken her. Whoever would break the fastenings of the breastplate would take out the Thorn of Sleep. "Odin granted me this," she said, "that as a mortal maid I should wed none but him who is the bravest in the world. And so that none but him might come to me, All-Father put the fire-ring round where I lay in slumber. And it is thou, Sigurd, son of Sigmund, who hast come to me. Thou art the bravest and I think thou art the most beautiful too; like to Tyr, the God who wields the sword."
She told him that whoever rode through the fire and claimed her as his wife, him she must wed.
They talked to each other fondly and the day flowed by them. Then Sigurd heard Grani, his horse, neigh for him again and again. He cried to Brynhild: "Let me go from the gaze of thine eyes. I am that one who is to have the greatest name in the world. Not yet have I made my name as great as my father and my father's father made their names great. I have overcome King Lygni, and I have slain Fafnir the Dragon, but that is little. I would make my name the greatest in the world, and endure all that is to be endured in making it so. Then I would come back to thee in the House of Flame."
Brynhild said to him: "Well dost thou speak. Make thy name great, and endure what thou hast to endure in making it so. I will wait for thee, knowing that none but Sigurd will be able to win through the fire that guards where I abide."
They gazed long on each other, but little more they spoke. Then they held each other's hands in farewell,[Pg 249] and they plighted faith, promising each other that they would take no other man or maiden for their mate. And for token of their troth Sigurd took the ring that was on his finger and placed it on Brynhild's—Andvari's ring it was.
SIGURD AT THE HOUSE OF THE NIBELUNGS
He left Hindfell and he came into a kingdom that was ruled over by a people that were called the Nibelungs as Sigurd's people were called the Volsungs. Giuki was the name of the King of that land.
Giuki and his Queen and all their sons gave a great welcome to Sigurd when he came to their hall, for he looked such a one as might win the name of being the world's greatest hero. And Sigurd went to war beside the King's sons, Gunnar and Högni, and the three made great names for themselves, but Sigurd's shone high above the others.
When they came back from that war there were great rejoicings in the hall of the Nibelungs, and Sigurd's heart[Pg 251] was filled with friendship for all the Nibelung race; he had love for the King's sons, Gunnar and Högni, and with Gunnar and Högni he swore oaths of brotherhood. Henceforward he and they would be as brethren. King Giuki had a stepson named Guttorm and he was not bound in the oath that bound Sigurd and the others in brotherhood.
After the war they had waged Sigurd spent a whole winter in the hall of the Nibelungs. His heart was full of memories of Brynhild and of longings to ride to her in the House of Flame and to take her with him to the kingdom that King Giuki would have given him. But as yet he would not go back to her, for he had sworn to give his brethren further help.
One day, as he rode by himself, he heard birds talk to each other and he knew the words they were saying. One said, "There is Sigurd who wears the wondrous helmet that he took out of Fafnir's hoard." And the other bird said, "He knows not that by that helmet he can change his shape as Fafnir changed his shape, and make him look like this creature or that creature, or this man or that man." And the third bird said, "He knows not that the helmet can do anything so wonderful for him."
He rode back to the hall of the Nibelungs, and at the supperboard he told them what he had heard the birds say. He showed them the wondrous helmet. Also he told them how he had slain Fafnir the Dragon, and of how he had won the mighty hoard for himself. His two sworn brothers who were there rejoiced that he had such wondrous possessions.[Pg 252]
But more precious than the hoard and more wondrous than the helmet was the memory of Brynhild that he had. But of this he said no word.
Grimhild was the name of the Queen. She was the mother of Gunnar and Högni and their half-brother Guttorm. And she and the King had one daughter whose name was Gudrun. Now Grimhild was one of the wisest of women, and she knew when she looked upon him that Sigurd was the world's greatest warrior. She would have him belong to the Nibelungs, not only by the oaths of brotherhood he had sworn with Gunnar and Högni, but by other ties. And when she heard of the great hoard that was his she had greater wish and will that he should be one with the Nibelungs. She looked on the helmet of gold and on the great armring that he wore, and she made it her heart's purpose that Sigurd should wed with Gudrun, her daughter. But neither Sigurd nor the maiden Gudrun knew of Grimhild's resolve.
And the Queen, watching Sigurd closely, knew that he had a remembrance in his breast that held him from seeing Gudrun's loveliness. She had knowledge of spells and secret brews (she was of the race of Borghild whose brew had destroyed Sinfiotli's life) and she knew that she could make a potion that would destroy the memory Sigurd held.
She mixed the potion. Then one night when there was feasting in the hall of the Nibelungs, she gave the cup that held the potion into the hands of Gudrun and bade her carry it to Sigurd.[Pg 253]
Sigurd took the cup out of the hands of the fair Nibelung maiden and he drank the potion. When he had drunk it he put the cup down and he stood amongst the feasters like a man in a dream. And like a man in a dream he went into his chamber, and for a day and a night afterwards he was silent and his mind was astray. When he rode out with Gunnar and Högni they would say to him, "What is it thou hast lost, brother?" Sigurd could not tell them. But what he had lost was all memory of Brynhild the Valkyrie in the House of Flame.
He saw Gudrun and it was as though he looked upon her for the first time. Soft were the long tresses of her hair; soft were her hands. Her eyes were like woodflowers, and her ways and her speech were gentle. Yet was she noble in her bearing as became a Princess who would come into a kingdom. And from the first time she had seen him upon Grani, his proud horse, and with his golden helmet above his golden hair, Gudrun had loved Sigurd.
At the season when the wild swans came to the lake Gudrun went down to watch them build their nests. And while she was there Sigurd rode through the pines. He saw her, and her beauty made the whole place change. He stopped his horse and listened to her voice as she sang to the wild swans, sang the song that Völund made for Alvit, his swan-bride.
No more was Sigurd's heart empty of memory: it was filled with the memory of Gudrun as he saw her by the lake when the wild swans were building their nests. And[Pg 254] now he watched her in the hall, sitting with her mother embroidering, or serving her father or her brothers, and tenderness for the maiden kept growing in his heart.
A day came when he asked Gunnar and Högni, his sworn brethren, for Gudrun. They were glad as though a great fortune had befallen them. And they brought him before Giuki the King, and Grimhild the Queen. It seemed as if they had cast off all trouble and care and entered into the prime of their life and power, so greatly did the King and the Queen rejoice at Sigurd's becoming one with the Nibelungs through his marriage with Gudrun.
When Gudrun heard that Sigurd had asked for her, she said to the Queen: "Oh, my mother, your wisdom should have strengthened me to bear such joy. How can I show him that he is so dear, so dear to me? But I shall try not to show it, for he might deem that there was no sense in me but sense to love him. So great a warrior would not care for such love. I would be with him as a battle-maiden."
Sigurd and Gudrun were wed and all the kingdom that the Nibelungs ruled over rejoiced. And Queen Grimhild thought that though the effect of the potion she gave would wear away, his love for Gudrun would ever fill his heart, and that no other memory would be able to find a place there.
HOW BRYNHILD WAS WON FOR GUNNAR
Now that Sigurd had wed Gudrun he was one with the Nibelungs. The hoard that was in Fafnir's cave he brought away and he left it in their treasure house. He went into his fosterfather's kingdom again, and he saw King Alv and Hiordis, his mother. But he had no memory now of the House of Flame, nor of Brynhild, who waited there for him.
King Giuki died, and Gunnar, Sigurd's sworn brother, became King in his stead. His mother would have him wed, but Gunnar told her he had seen no maiden whom he would choose for his wife.
But when Sigurd and he were together Gunnar would speak of a maiden far away, one whom he often thought[Pg 256] on. And one day when Sigurd pressed him to tell who this maiden was, he spoke of one whom the wisest of the poets told of, a maiden in a Hall with a flame around it, a maiden named Brynhild who was guarded by a ring of fire.
Sigurd laughed to think that his shrewd brother was beguiled by one whom he had only heard of. But if he was beguiled by the tale of her, why should he not come to her and wed her? So Sigurd said. Then Gunnar bent to him and asked Sigurd would he aid him to win her? And Sigurd took Gunnar's hand and swore that he would.
So they started off for Hindfell, Gunnar and Högni and Sigurd. They rode on until they came in sight of the black walls with the mounting and circling fire around them. No memory had Sigurd of the place. With the flame of eagerness upon his stolid face Gunnar went forward to ride through the ring of fire. He brought Goti, his horse, near the flame, but the horse, for no urging, would go through it. Then Gunnar thought that, mounted on Grani, Sigurd's horse, he could ride through the ring of fire. He mounted Grani and came near to the flaring wall. But Grani, knowing that the one who rode him had fear of the fire, reared up and would not go through it. Only with Sigurd on his back would Grani go through the flame.
Then were the three sworn brethren greatly discomfited. But after they had considered it for long Högni the Wise said: "There is a way to win Brynhild, and that is for Sigurd to change shapes, by the magic of his helmet,[Pg 257] with Gunnar. Then Sigurd could ride Grani through the wall of flame and come to Brynhild in Gunnar's shape."
So spoke Högni the Wise, and when he saw his sworn brother's gaze fixed on him in pleading, Sigurd could not but agree to ride through the flame and come to Brynhild in the way he said. And so by the magic of his helmet he changed shapes with Gunnar. Then he mounted Grani and rode to the wall of flame. And Grani, knowing that the one he bore was without fear, rode through the flaring fire. Then Sigurd came into the courtyard of the House of Flame. He dismounted from Grani, and he bade his horse be still.
He went within the Hall and he saw one with a bow in her hands shooting at a mark. She turned to him, and he saw a beautiful and stern face, with coils of wondrous, bright-gleaming hair and eyes that were like stars in an unventured-in sea. He thought that the arrow in her hands had been shot through him. But it was not so. Brynhild threw down the bow and came to him with that walk of hers that was as of one moving above the earth. And when she came near and looked upon him she uttered a strange cry.
"Who art thou?" she said. "Who art thou who hast come to me through the wall of flaring fire?"
"Gunnar, son of Giuki, of the race of the Nibelungs," Sigurd said.
"Art thou the bravest one in the world?" she asked.
"I have ridden through the wall of flaring fire to come to thee," Sigurd answered.[Pg 258]
"He who has come through that wall of flaring fire may claim me," Brynhild said. "It is written in the runes, and it must be so. But I thought there was only one who would come to me through it." She looked at him, and her eyes had a flame of anger. "Oh, I would strive with thee with warrior-weapons," she cried. Then Sigurd felt her strong hands upon him, and he knew that she was striving to throw him.
They wrestled, and each was so strong that none could move the other. They wrestled, Sigurd the first of heroes, and Brynhild, the Valkyrie. Sigurd got her hand in his in the wrestle. On that hand was a ring, and Sigurd bent back the finger and drew it off.
It was Andvari's ring, the ring he had placed on her finger. And when the ring was taken off it, Brynhild sank down on her knees like one that was strengthless.
Then Sigurd lifted her in his arms and carried her to where Grani, his horse, was waiting. He lifted her across his horse, and he mounted behind her and again he rode through the wall of flame. Högni and Gunnar were waiting, Gunnar in Sigurd's shape. Brynhild did not look upon them, but covered her face with her hands. Then Sigurd took back his own shape, and he rode before Gunnar and Högni to the hall of the Nibelungs.
He went within, and he found Gudrun, his wife, playing with Sigmund, his little son, and he sat beside her and he told her of all that had befallen: how, for the sake of the sworn brotherhood, he had won Brynhild the Valkyrie for Gunnar, and how he had striven with her and had[Pg 259] overcome her, and had taken off her finger the ring that he now wore upon his own.
And even as he spoke to his wife the fume of the potion that Gudrun's mother had given him was wearing off, and he had memories of going to the House of Flame on a day that was not this day, and of riding through the wall of fire in his own shape. And again, as on the night when he drank the potion that Queen Grimhild brewed, he became as one whose wits are astray. He stood watching his child as he played, and his wife as she worked at her embroidery, and he was as a man in a dream.
While he was standing there Gunnar and Högni came into the hall of the Nibelungs bringing Brynhild with them. Gudrun rose up to welcome her who came as her brother's bride. Then did Sigurd look on Brynhild and then did he remember all. And when he remembered all such a mighty sigh rose from his heart as burst the links of the mail that was across his breast.
THE DEATH OF SIGURD
It happened one day that Brynhild, Gunnar's wife, now a Queen, was with Sigurd's wife, bathing in a river. Not often they were together. Brynhild was the haughtiest of women, and often she treated Gudrun with disdain. Now as they were bathing together, Gudrun, shaking out her hair, cast some drops upon Brynhild. Brynhild went from Gudrun. And Sigurd's wife, not knowing that Brynhild had anger against her, went after her up the stream.
"Why dost thou go so far up the river, Brynhild?" Gudrun asked.
"So that thou mayst not shake thy hair over me," answered Brynhild.
Gudrun stood still while Brynhild went up the river[Pg 261] like a creature who was made to be alone. "Why dost thou speak so to me, sister?" Gudrun cried.
She remembered that from the first Brynhild had been haughty with her, often speaking to her with harshness and bitterness. She did not know what cause Brynhild had for this.
It was because Brynhild had seen in Sigurd the one who had ridden through the fire for the first time, he who had awakened her by breaking the binding of her breastplate and so drawing out of her flesh the thorn of the Tree of Sleep. She had given him her love when she awakened on the world. But he, as she thought, had forgotten her easily, giving his love to this other maiden. Brynhild, with her Valkyrie's pride, was left with a mighty anger in her heart.
"Why dost thou speak so to me, Brynhild?" Gudrun asked.
"It would be ill indeed if drops from thy hair fell on one who is so much above thee, one who is King Gunnar's wife," Brynhild answered.
"Thou art married to a King, but not to one more valorous than my lord," Gudrun said.
"Gunnar is more valorous; why dost thou compare Sigurd with him?" Brynhild said.
"He slew the Dragon Fafnir, and won for himself Fafnir's hoard," said Gudrun.
"Gunnar rode through the ring of fire. Mayhap thou wilt tell us that Sigurd did the like," said Brynhild.
"Yea," said Gudrun, now made angry. "It was Sigurd[Pg 262] and not Gunnar who rode through the ring of fire. He rode through it in Gunnar's shape, and he took the ring off thy finger—look, it is now on mine."
And Gudrun held out her hand on which was Andvari's ring. Then Brynhild knew, all at once, that what Gudrun said was true. It was Sigurd that rode through the ring of fire the second as well as the first time. It was he who had struggled with her, taking the ring off her hand and claiming her for a bride, not for himself but for another, and out of disdain.
Falsely had she been won. And she, one of Odin's Valkyries, had been wed to one who was not the bravest hero in the world, and she to whom untruth might not come had been deceived. She was silent now, and all the pride that was in her turned to hatred of Sigurd.
She went to Gunnar, her husband, and she told him that she was so deeply shamed that she could never be glad in his Hall again; that never would he see her drinking wine, nor embroidering with golden threads, and never would he hear her speaking words of kindness. And when she said this to him she rent the web she was weaving, and she wept aloud so that all in the hall heard her, and all marveled to hear the proud Queen cry.
Then Sigurd came to her, and he offered in atonement the whole hoard of Fafnir. And he told her how forgetfulness of her had come upon him, and he begged her to forgive him for winning her in falseness. But she answered him: "Too late thou hast come to me, Sigurd. Now I have only a great anger in my heart."[Pg 263]
When Gunnar came she told him she would forgive him, and love him as she had not loved him before, if he would slay Sigurd. But Gunnar would not slay him, although Brynhild's passion moved him greatly, since Sigurd was a sworn brother of his.
Then she went to Högni and asked him to slay Sigurd, telling him that the whole of Fafnir's hoard would belong to the Nibelungs if Sigurd were slain. But Högni would not slay him, since Sigurd and he were sworn brothers.
There was one who had not sworn brotherhood with Sigurd. He was Guttorm, Gunnar's and Högni's half-brother. Brynhild went to Guttorm. He would not slay Sigurd, but Brynhild found that he was infirm of will and unsteady of thought. With Guttorm, then, she would work for the slaying of Sigurd. Her mind was fixed that he and she would no longer be in the world of men.
She made a dish of madness for Guttorm—serpent's venom and wolf's flesh mixed—and when he had eaten it Guttorm was crazed. Then did he listen to Brynhild's words. And she commanded him to go into the chamber where Sigurd slept and stab him through the body with a sword.
This Guttorm did. But Sigurd, before he gasped out his life, took Gram, his great sword, and flung it at Guttorm and cut him in twain.
And Brynhild, knowing what deed was done, went without and came to where Grani, Sigurd's proud horse, was standing. She stayed there with her arms across Grani's neck, the Valkyrie leaning across the horse that was born[Pg 264] of Odin's horse. And Grani stood listening for some sound. He heard the cries of Gudrun over Sigurd, and then his heart burst and he died.
They bore Sigurd out of the Hall and Brynhild went beside where they placed him. She took a sword and put it through her own heart. Thus died Brynhild who had been made a mortal woman for her disobedience to the will of Odin, and who was won to be a mortal's wife by a falseness.
They took Sigurd and his horse Grani, and his helmet and his golden war-gear and they left all on a great painted ship. They could not but leave Brynhild beside him, Brynhild with her wondrous hair and her stern and beautiful face. They left the two together and launched the ship on the sea. And when the ship was on the water they fired it, and Brynhild once again lay in the flames.
And so Sigurd and Brynhild went together to join Baldur and Nanna in Hela's habitation.
Gunnar and Högni came to dread the evil that was in the hoard. They took the gleaming and glittering mass and they brought it to the river along which, ages before, Hreidmar had his smithy and the Dwarf Andvari his cave. From a rock in the river they cast the gold and jewels into the water and the hoard of Andvari sank for ever beneath the waves. Then the River Maidens had possession again of their treasure. But not for long were they to guard it and to sing over it, for now the season that was called the Fimbul Winter was coming over the earth, and Ragnarök, the Twilight of the Gods, was coming to the Dwellers in Asgard.
THE TWILIGHT OF THE GODS
Snow fell on the four quarters of the world; icy winds blew from every side; the sun and the moon were hidden by storms. It was the Fimbul Winter: no spring came and no summer; no autumn brought harvest or fruit, and winter grew into winter again.
There was three years' winter. The first was called the Winter of Winds: storms blew and snows drove down and frosts were mighty. The children of men might hardly keep alive in that dread winter.
The second winter was called the Winter of the Sword: those who were left alive amongst men robbed and slew for what was left to feed on; brother fell on brother and slew him, and over all the world there were mighty battles.
And the third winter was called the Winter of the Wolf.[Pg 266] Then the ancient witch who lived in Jarnvid, the Iron Wood, fed the Wolf Managarm on unburied men and on the corpses of those who fell in battle. Mightily grew and flourished the Wolf that was to be the devourer of Mani, the Moon. The Champions in Valhalla would find their seats splashed with the blood that Managarm dashed from his jaws; this was a sign to the Gods that the time of the last battle was approaching.
A cock crew; far down in the bowels of the earth he was and beside Hela's habitation: the rusty-red cock of Hel crew, and his crowing made a stir in the lower worlds. In Jötunheim a cock crew, Fialar, the crimson cock, and at his crowing the Giants aroused themselves. High up in Asgard a cock crew, the golden cock Gullinkambir, and at his crowing the Champions in Valhalla bestirred themselves.
A dog barked; deep down in the earth a dog barked; it was Garm, the hound with bloody mouth, barking in Gnipa's Cave. The Dwarfs who heard groaned before their doors of stone. The tree Ygdrassil moaned in all its branches. There was a rending noise as the Giants moved their ship; there was a trampling sound as the hosts of Muspelheim gathered their horses.
But Jötunheim and Muspelheim and Hel waited tremblingly; it might be that Fenrir the Wolf might not burst the bonds wherewith the Gods had bound him. Without his being loosed the Gods might not be destroyed. And then was heard the rending of the rock as Fenrir broke loose. For the second time the Hound Garm barked in Gnipa's Cave.[Pg 267]
Then was heard the galloping of the horses of the riders of Muspelheim; then was heard the laughter of Loki; then was heard the blowing of Heimdall's horn; then was heard the opening of Valhalla's five hundred and forty doors, as eight hundred Champions made ready to pass through each door.
Odin took council with Mimir's head. Up from the waters of the Well of Wisdom he drew it, and by the power of the runes he knew he made the head speak to him. Where best might the Æsir and the Vanir and the Einherjar, who were the Champions of Midgard, meet, and how best might they strive with the forces of Muspelheim and Jötunheim and Hel? The head of Mimir counseled Odin to meet them on Vigard Plain and to wage there such war that the powers of evil would be destroyed forever, even though his own world should be destroyed with them.
The riders of Muspelheim reached Bifröst, the Rainbow Bridge. Now would they storm the City of the Gods and fill it with flame. But Bifröst broke under the weight of the riders of Muspelheim, and they came not to the City of the Gods.
Jörmungand, the serpent that encircles the world, reared itself up from the sea. The waters flooded the lands, and the remnant of the world's inhabitants was swept away. That mighty flood floated Naglfar, the Ship of Nails that the Giants were so long building, and floated the ship of Hel also. With Hrymer the Giant steering it, Naglfar sailed against the Gods, with all the powers of Jötunheim aboard. And Loki steered the ship of Hel with[Pg 268] the Wolf Fenrir upon it for the place of the last battle.
Since Bifröst was broken, the Æsir and the Vanir, the Asyniur and the Vana, the Einherjar and the Valkyries rode downward to Vigard through the waters of Thund. Odin rode at the head of his Champions. His helmet was of gold and in his hand was his spear Gungnir. Thor and Tyr were in his company.
In Mirkvid, the Dark Forest, the Vanir stood against the host of Muspelheim. From the broken end of the Rainbow Bridge the riders came, all flashing and flaming, with fire before them and after them. Niörd was there with Skadi, his Giant wife, fierce in her war-dress; Freya was there also, and Frey had Gerda beside him as a battle-maiden. Terribly bright flashed Surtur's sword. No sword ever owned was as bright as his except the sword that Frey had given to Skirnir. Frey and Surtur fought; he perished, Frey perished in that battle, but he would not have perished if he had had in his hand his own magic sword.
And now, for the third time, Garm, the hound with blood upon his jaws, barked. He had broken loose on the world, and with fierce bounds he rushed toward Vigard Plain, where the Gods had assembled their powers. Loud barked Garm. The Eagle Hræsvelgur screamed on the edge of heaven. Then the skies were cloven, and the tree Ygdrassil was shaken in all its roots.
To the place where the Gods had drawn up their ranks came the ship of Jötunheim and the ship of Hel, came the riders of Muspelheim, and Garm, the hound with blood[Pg 269] upon his jaws. And out of the sea that now surrounded the plain of Vigard the serpent Jörmungand came.
What said Odin to the Gods and to the Champions who surrounded him? "We will give our lives and let our world be destroyed, but we will battle so that these evil powers will not live after us." Out of Hel's ship sprang Fenrir the Wolf. His mouth gaped; his lower jaw hung against the earth, and his upper jaw scraped the sky. Against the Wolf Odin All-Father fought. Thor might not aid him, for Thor had now to encounter Jörmungand, the monstrous serpent.
By Fenrir the Wolf Odin was slain. But the younger Gods were now advancing to the battle; and Vidar, the Silent God, came face to face with Fenrir. He laid his foot on the Wolf's lower jaw, that foot that had on the sandal made of all the scraps of leather that shoemakers had laid by for him, and with his hands he seized the upper jaw and tore his gullet. Thus died Fenrir, the fiercest of all the enemies of the Gods.
Jörmungand, the monstrous serpent, would have overwhelmed all with the venom he was ready to pour forth. But Thor sprang forward and crushed him with a stroke of his hammer Miölnir. Then Thor stepped back nine paces. But the serpent blew his venom over him, and blinded and choked and burnt, Thor, the World's Defender, perished.
Loki sprang from his ship and strove with Heimdall, the Warder of the Rainbow Bridge and the Watcher for the Gods. Loki slew Heimdall and was slain by him.[Pg 270]
Bravely fought Tyr, the God who had sacrificed his swordhand for the binding of the Wolf. Bravely he fought, and many of the powers of evil perished by his strong left hand. But Garm, the hound with bloody jaws, slew Tyr.
And now the riders of Muspelheim came down on the field. Bright and gleaming were all their weapons. Before them and behind them went wasting fires. Surtur cast fire upon the earth; the tree Ygdrassil took fire and burned in all its great branches; the World Tree was wasted in the blaze. But the fearful fire that Surtur brought on the earth destroyed him and all his host.
The Wolf Hati caught up on Sol, the Sun; the Wolf Managarm seized on Mani, the Moon; they devoured them; stars fell, and darkness came down on the world.
The seas flowed over the burnt and wasted earth and the skies were dark above the sea, for Sol and Mani were no more. But at last the seas drew back and earth appeared again, green and beautiful. A new Sun and a new Moon appeared in the heavens, one a daughter of Sol and the other a daughter of Mani. No grim wolves kept them in pursuit.
Four of the younger Gods stood on the highest of the world's peaks; they were Vidar and Vali, the sons of Odin, and Modi and Magni, the sons of Thor. Modi and Magni found Miölnir, Thor's hammer, and with it they slew the monsters that still raged through the world, the Hound Garm and the Wolf Managarm.
Vidar and Vali found in the grass the golden tablets on which were inscribed the runes of wisdom of the elder[Pg 271] Gods. The runes told them of a heaven that was above Asgard, of Gimli, that was untouched by Surtur's fire. Vili and Ve, Will and Holiness, ruled in it. Baldur and Hödur came from Hela's habitation, and the Gods sat on the peak together and held speech with each other, calling to mind the secrets and the happenings they had known before Ragnarök, the Twilight of the Gods.
Deep in a wood two of human kind were left; the fire of Surtur did not touch them; they slept, and when they wakened the world was green and beautiful again. These two fed on the dews of the morning; a woman and a man they were. Lif and Lifthrasir. They walked abroad in the world, and from them and from their children came the men and women who spread themselves over the earth.
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Health + Development/Baby
It Takes Just a Few Minutes to Save a Child’s Life
Sudden infant death syndrome is the leading cause of death in infants, here’s how you can help change that
By Diana Cherry
Did you know Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of death among children one month to one year old across all developed nations? October is SIDS Awareness Month, so starting this month the Aaron Matthew SIDS Research Guild of Seattle Children’s Hospital and the American SIDS Institute are partnering together in a nationwide campaign to raise funds and awareness for SIDS... and the best part? YOU can help!
"First Steps for SIDS" is a video contest and a outreach campaign to raise awareness and funds for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. By participating, you will create awareness and aid fundraising efforts for SIDS research, and you'll also have the chance to win a great prize.
Just upload, vote, and share videos of your child or grandchild's first steps or early walking.
Not only will you be making a difference to raise awareness about SIDS, you could also win a family trip to Disneyland! The videos with the highest votes will win prizes generously donated by Alaska Airlines, Microsoft, Marriott Hotels and kind individual donors. The campaign runs through January 1st 2019.
Want to learn more? Find out more about the campaign and about SIDS here.
How to Support Your Friend Going Through Infertility
The Surprising New Diagnosis Caused by Kids' Screen Time
Want to Heal Your Child? Start by Healing Yourself
Diana Cherry is a writer, editor and social media specialist for ParentMap. She's written for Hello Darling, The Creative Mama, Nourishing Moms Naturally, Milkmakers and more. She lives in Woodinville with her partner and four kids.
Must-See New Exhibit ‘Men of Change: Power. Triumph. Truth.’ at the Washington State History Museum
25 Indoor and Outdoor Activities to Do on a Snow Day
Seattle Public School Students Are Now Barred From Going to School Without MMR Vaccination
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Patent application title: ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION OF TUNGSTEN MATERIALS
Inventors: Amit Khandelwal (Cupertino, CA, US) Madhu Moorthy (San Jose, CA, US) Avgerinos V. Gelatos (Redwood City, CA, US) Avgerinos V. Gelatos (Redwood City, CA, US) Kai Wu (Palo Alto, CA, US) Kai Wu (Palo Alto, CA, US)
Assignees: Applied Materials, Inc.
IPC8 Class: AH01L21285FI
USPC Class: 438653
Class name: To form ohmic contact to semiconductive material plural layered electrode or conductor at least one layer forms a diffusion barrier
Patent application number: 20120244699
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Embodiments of the invention provide a method for depositing tungsten-containing materials. In one embodiment, a method includes forming a tungsten nucleation layer over an underlayer disposed on the substrate while sequentially providing a tungsten precursor and a reducing gas into a process chamber during an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process and depositing a tungsten bulk layer over the tungsten nucleation layer, wherein the reducing gas contains hydrogen gas and a hydride compound (e.g., diborane) and has a hydrogen/hydride flow rate ratio of about 500:1 or greater. In some examples, the method includes flowing the hydrogen gas into the process chamber at a flow rate within a range from about 1 slm to about 20 slm and flowing a mixture of the hydride compound and a carrier gas into the process chamber at a flow rate within a range from about 50 sccm to about 500 sccm.
1. A method for forming a tungsten-containing material on a substrate, comprising: forming a tungsten nucleation layer over an underlayer disposed on the substrate while sequentially providing a tungsten precursor and a reducing gas into a process chamber during an atomic layer deposition process, wherein the reducing gas comprises hydrogen gas and a hydride compound and has a hydrogen/hydride flow rate ratio of about 100:1 or greater; and depositing a tungsten bulk layer over the tungsten nucleation layer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reducing gas further comprises a carrier gas, and forming the reducing gas comprises: flowing the hydrogen gas into the process chamber at a flow rate within a range from about 1 slm to about 20 slm; and flowing a mixture of the hydride compound and the carrier gas into the process chamber at a flow rate within a range from about 50 sccm to about 500 sccm.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the flow rate of the hydrogen gas is within a range from about 3 slm to about 15 slm and the flow rate of the mixture of the hydride compound and the carrier gas is within a range from about 75 sccm to about 400 sccm.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the flow rate of the hydrogen gas is within a range from about 5 slm to about 10 slm and the flow rate of the mixture of the hydride compound and the carrier gas is within a range from about 100 sccm to about 300 sccm.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the flow rate of the mixture of the hydride compound and the carrier gas comprises flowing the hydride compound into the process chamber at a flow rate within a range from about 1 sccm to about 40 sccm.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the flow rate of the hydride compound is within a range from about 3 sccm to about 30 sccm.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the flow rate of the hydrogen gas is within a range from about 5 slm to about 10 slm and the flow rate of the hydride compound is within a range from about 5 sccm to about 15 sccm.
8. The method of claim 2, wherein the mixture of the hydride compound and the carrier gas comprises about 5% diborane in nitrogen and the hydrogen/hydride flow rate ratio of the reducing gas is within a range from about 100:1 to about 1,000:1.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising: exposing the underlayer to a pre-soak gas comprising the reducing gas during a pre-soak process, wherein the underlayer is exposed to the reducing gas for a time period within a range from about 5 seconds to about 60 seconds; or exposing the tungsten nucleation layer to a post-soak gas comprising the reducing gas during a post-soak process, wherein the tungsten nucleation layer is exposed to the reducing gas for a time period within a range from about 5 seconds to about 60 seconds.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the tungsten bulk layer is deposited by a chemical vapor deposition process and has a resistivity measured across the substrate of about 10 μΩ-cm or less.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the underlayer is a barrier layer and comprises a material selected from the group consisting of metallic titanium, titanium nitride, metallic tantalum, tantalum nitride, ruthenium, nickel, cobalt, metallic tungsten, tungsten nitride, silicides thereof, derivatives thereof, alloys thereof, and combinations thereof.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the barrier layer comprises metallic titanium, titanium nitride, or combinations thereof.
13. A method for forming a tungsten-containing material on a substrate, comprising: forming a tungsten nucleation layer over a barrier layer disposed on a substrate while exposing the substrate sequentially to a tungsten precursor and a reducing gas within a process chamber during an atomic layer deposition process, wherein the barrier layer comprises titanium and the reducing gas comprises hydrogen gas and diborane and has a hydrogen/diborane flow rate ratio within a range from about 100:1 to about 1,000:1; and depositing a tungsten bulk layer over the tungsten nucleation layer.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the reducing gas further comprises a carrier gas, and forming the reducing gas comprises: flowing the hydrogen gas into the process chamber at a flow rate within a range from about 1 slm to about 20 slm; and flowing a mixture of the diborane and the carrier gas into the process chamber at a flow rate within a range from about 50 sccm to about 500 sccm.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the flow rate of the hydrogen gas is within a range from about 3 slm to about 15 slm and the flow rate of the mixture of the diborane and the carrier gas is within a range from about 75 sccm to about 400 sccm.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the flow rate of the hydrogen gas is within a range from about 5 slm to about 10 slm and the flow rate of the mixture of the diborane and the carrier gas is within a range from about 100 sccm to about 300 sccm.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein the flow rate of the hydrogen gas is within a range from about 5 slm to about 10 slm and the flow rate of the mixture of the diborane and the carrier gas comprises flowing the diborane into the process chamber at a flow rate within a range from about 3 sccm to about 30 sccm.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein the mixture of the diborane and the carrier gas comprises about 5% diborane in nitrogen, and the barrier layer comprises metallic titanium, titanium nitride, or combinations thereof.
19. A method for forming a tungsten-containing material on a substrate, comprising: exposing a barrier layer disposed on a substrate to a pre-soak gas comprising diborane within a process chamber during a pre-soak process, wherein the barrier layer comprises metallic titanium, titanium nitride, or combinations thereof; forming a tungsten nucleation layer over the barrier layer by sequentially: providing a pulse of a tungsten containing precursor into the process chamber; providing a pulse of a purge gas into the process chamber; providing a pulse of a reducing gas into the process chamber; providing a pulse of a purge gas into the process chamber, wherein the reducing gas comprises hydrogen gas and the diborane and has a hydrogen/diborane flow rate ratio of about 100:1 or greater; exposing the tungsten nucleation layer to a post-soak gas comprising the diborane during a post-soak process; and depositing a tungsten bulk layer over the tungsten nucleation layer.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the hydrogen/diborane flow rate ratio of the reducing gas is within a range from about 500:1 to about 1,000:1.
[0001] This application is a continuation of copending U.S. Ser. No. 13/160,378 (APPM/004714.C13), filed on Jun. 14, 2011, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 12/121,209 (APPM/004714.P4), filed on May 15, 2008, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,964,505, which claims benefit of U.S. Ser. No. 60/938,124 (APPM/011195L), filed May 15, 2007, and which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 11/038,592 (APPM/004714.P3), filed on Jan. 19, 2005, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,405,158, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
[0003] Embodiments of the invention relate to the processing of substrates, more particularly, to the deposition of tungsten layers on substrates using vapor deposition processes.
[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0005] The semiconductor processing industry, as well as other industries which utilize substrate processing techniques, continues to strive for larger production yields while increasing the uniformity of layers deposited on substrates having larger surface areas. These same factors in combination with new materials also provide higher integration of circuits per unit area of the substrate. As circuit integration increases, the need for greater uniformity and process control regarding layer thickness rises. As a result, various technologies have been developed to deposit layers on substrates in a cost-effective manner, while maintaining control over the characteristics of the layer.
[0006] Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is one of the most common deposition processes employed for depositing layers on a substrate. CVD is a flux-dependent deposition technique that requires precise control of the substrate temperature and the precursors introduced into the processing chamber in order to produce a desired layer of uniform thickness. These requirements become more critical as substrate size increases, creating a need for more complexity in chamber design and gas flow technique to maintain adequate uniformity.
[0007] A variant of CVD that demonstrates excellent step coverage is cyclical deposition or atomic layer deposition (ALD). Cyclical deposition is based upon atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) and employs chemisorption techniques to deliver precursor molecules on a substrate surface in sequential cycles. The cycle exposes the substrate surface to a first precursor, a purge gas, a second precursor and the purge gas. The first and second precursors react to form a product compound as a film on the substrate surface. The cycle is repeated to form the layer to a desired thickness.
[0008] Formation of film layers at a high deposition rate while providing adequate step coverage are conflicting characteristics often necessitating the sacrifice of one to obtain the other. This conflict is true particularly when refractory metal layers are deposited over gaps or vias during the formation of contacts interconnecting adjacent metallic layers separated by dielectric layers. Historically, CVD techniques have been employed to deposit conductive material such as refractory metals in order to inexpensively and quickly form contacts. Due to the increasing integration of semiconductor circuitry, tungsten has been used based upon superior step coverage. As a result, deposition of tungsten employing CVD techniques enjoys wide application in semiconductor processing due to the high throughput of the process.
[0009] Depositing tungsten by conventional CVD methods, however, is attendant with several disadvantages. For example, ALD processes deposit tungsten films into vias containing high aspect ratios (e.g., 20), whereas conventional CVD processes will usually cause similar vias to "pinch-off" and not completely fill. Also, blanket deposition of a tungsten layer on a semiconductor wafer is time-consuming at temperatures below 400° C. The deposition rate of tungsten may be improved by increasing the deposition temperature to, for example, about 500° C. to about 550° C. However, temperatures in this higher range may compromise the structural and operational integrity of the underlying portions of the integrated circuit being formed. Use of tungsten has also frustrated photolithography steps during the manufacturing process as it results in a relatively rough surface having a reflectivity of 70% or less than that of silicon (thickness and wavelength dependent). Further, tungsten has proven difficult to deposit uniformly. Poor surface uniformity typically increases film resistivity.
[0010] Therefore, there is a need for an improved method to deposit tungsten-containing materials having good uniformity, none or minimum contaminants, and high conductivity or low resistivity using ALD processes.
[0011] Embodiments of the invention provide an improved process for depositing tungsten-containing materials. The process utilizes soak processes and vapor deposition processes, such as atomic layer deposition (ALD) to provide tungsten-containing materials having significantly improved conductivity, surface uniformity, and production level throughput. In one embodiment, a method for forming a tungsten-containing material on a substrate is provided which includes positioning a substrate within a process chamber, wherein the substrate contains an underlayer disposed thereon, exposing the substrate sequentially to a tungsten precursor and a reducing gas to deposit a tungsten nucleation layer on the underlayer during an atomic layer deposition process, wherein the reducing gas contains a hydrogen/hydride flow rate ratio of about 40:1 or greater, and depositing a tungsten bulk layer on the tungsten nucleation layer. The reducing gas contains a hydride compound, such as silane, disilane, diborane, phosphine, derivatives thereof, or combinations thereof.
[0012] In some examples, the hydrogen/hydride flow rate ratio of the reducing gas is about 100:1 or greater, such as about 500:1 or greater, such as about 800:1, about 1,000:1, about 1,200:1, or greater. The hydride compound may have a flow rate within a range from about 1 sccm to about 40 sccm, preferably, from about 3 sccm to about 30 sccm, and more preferably, from about 5 sccm to about 15 sccm. The reducing gas contains hydrogen having a flow rate within a range from about 1 slm to about 20 slm, preferably, from about 3 slm to about 15 slm, and more preferably, from about 5 slm to about 10 slm.
[0013] In some embodiments, the method further provides include exposing the underlayer to a pre-soak gas containing a reducing agent during a pre-soak process, prior to depositing the tungsten nucleation layer. In other embodiments, the method may include exposing the tungsten nucleation layer to a post-soak gas containing a reducing agent during a post-soak process. The reducing agent may contain silane, disilane, diborane, phosphine, derivatives thereof, or combinations thereof. The substrate may be exposed to the reducing agent for a time period within a range from about 5 seconds to about 60 seconds, preferably, from about 10 seconds to about 30 seconds, and more preferably, from about 15 seconds to about 20 seconds. In some examples, the pre-soak gas or the post-soak gas independently may contain a hydrogen/hydride flow rate ratio of about 40:1 or greater, such as about 100:1, about 500:1, about 800:1, about 1,000:1, about 1,200:1, or greater.
[0014] In some examples, the substrate may be heated to a temperature within a range from about 200° C. to about 600° C., preferably, from about 300° C. to about 500° C., more preferably, from about 350° C. to about 420° C., and more preferably, from about 375° C. to about 400° C. during the ALD process, the pre-soak process, or the post-soak process. The process chamber may have an internal pressure within a range from about 1 Torr to about 300 Torr, preferably, from about 1 Torr to about 100 Torr, more preferably, from about 10 Torr to about 50 Torr, and more preferably, from about 20 Torr to about 40 Torr during the ALD process, the pre-soak process, and/or the post-soak process.
[0015] The tungsten bulk layer may be deposited by a traditional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, such as by co-flowing tungsten hexafluoride and hydrogen gas into the process chamber. The tungsten bulk layer may have a resistivity measured across the substrate of about 20 μΩ-cm or less, preferably, about 16 μΩ-cm or less, such as about 10 μΩ-cm or less, preferably, about 9 μΩ-cm or less, more preferably, about 8 μΩ-cm or less, and more preferably, about 7 μΩ-cm or less. The tungsten nucleation layer may have a thickness within a range from about 2 Å to about 100 Å, such as less than about 50 Å.
[0016] In one embodiment, the underlayer is a barrier layer that may contain metallic titanium, titanium nitride, metallic tantalum, tantalum nitride, silicides thereof, derivatives thereof, alloys thereof, or combinations thereof. The barrier layer may be deposited by an ALD process, a CVD process, or a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process. In another embodiment, the underlayer is a nucleation/barrier layer that may contain ruthenium, nickel, cobalt, metallic tungsten, tungsten nitride, silicides thereof, derivatives thereof, alloys thereof, or combinations thereof. The nucleation/barrier layer may be deposited by an ALD process or a PVD process.
[0017] In one example, a method for forming a tungsten-containing material on a substrate is provided which includes positioning a substrate within a process chamber, wherein the substrate contains an underlayer disposed thereon, exposing the substrate sequentially to a tungsten precursor and a reducing gas to deposit a tungsten nucleation layer on the underlayer during an ALD process, wherein the reducing gas has a hydrogen/diborane flow rate ratio of about 40:1 or greater and depositing a tungsten bulk layer on the tungsten nucleation layer.
[0018] In some examples, the hydrogen/diborane flow rate ratio of the reducing gas is about 100:1 or greater, such as about 500:1, about 800:1, about 1,000:1, or greater. The diborane may have a flow rate within a range from about 1 sccm to about 40 sccm, preferably, from about 3 sccm to about 30 sccm, and more preferably, from about 5 sccm to about 15 sccm. The reducing gas contains hydrogen having a flow rate within a range from about 1 slm to about 20 slm, preferably, from about 3 slm to about 15 slm, and more preferably, from about 5 slm to about 10 slm.
[0019] The method may further include exposing the underlayer to a pre-soak gas containing a reducing agent (e.g., diborane or silane) during a pre-soak process, prior to depositing the tungsten nucleation layer. The method may also include exposing the tungsten nucleation layer to a post-soak gas containing a reducing agent (e.g., diborane or silane) during a post-soak process.
[0020] So that the manner in which the above recited features of the invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
[0021] FIG. 1 illustrates a process sequence for the formation of a tungsten layer using a cyclical deposition technique according to one embodiment described herein;
[0022] FIG. 2 illustrates a process sequence for the forming of a tungsten-containing material according to one embodiment described herein;
[0023] FIG. 3A shows an exemplary integrated processing platform;
[0024] FIG. 3B shows another exemplary integrated processing platform;
[0025] FIGS. 4A-4C show cross sectional views of a via, a nucleated via and a filled via;
[0026] FIG. 5 shows a cross sectional view of an exemplary metal oxide gate device formed according to an embodiment of the invention; and
[0027] FIG. 6 shows a cross sectional view of a conventional DRAM device formed according to an embodiment of the invention.
[0028] Embodiments of the invention provide an improved process for depositing tungsten-containing materials. The process utilizes high hydrogen to reducing agent ratios during pre-soak and post-soak processes and ALD process to provide tungsten-containing materials having significantly improved conductivity, surface uniformity, and production level throughput. In one embodiment, a method for forming a tungsten-containing material on a substrate is provided which includes exposing the substrate sequentially to a tungsten precursor and a reducing gas to deposit a tungsten nucleation layer on an underlayer (e.g., barrier layer) during an ALD process, wherein the reducing gas has a hydrogen/hydride flow rate ratio of about 40:1 or greater. In some examples, the hydrogen/hydride flow rate ratio of the reducing gas is about 100:1, about 500:1, about 800:1, about 1,000:1, about 1,200:1, or greater. The reducing gas contains a hydride compound, such as silane, disilane, borane, diborane, phosphine, derivatives thereof, or combinations thereof. Subsequently, a tungsten bulk layer may be deposited over the tungsten nucleation layer.
[0029] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary process sequence 100 for forming an improved tungsten-containing film according to one embodiment of the invention. A substrate to be processed is first loaded into and positioned within a process chamber capable of performing cyclical deposition and the process conditions are adjusted (step 110). The substrate is then exposed to a soak process lasting within the range from about 1 second to about 90 seconds (step 120). A pulse of a tungsten-containing precursor accompanied with a suitable carrier gas is introduced into the processing chamber (step 130). A pulse of gas is then pulsed into the process chamber (step 140) to purge or otherwise remove any residual tungsten-containing precursor or by-products. Next, a pulse of a reductant or reducing compound accompanied with a suitable carrier gas is introduced into the process chamber (step 150). The reducing gas may contain the same reducing compound/agent as the gas used for the soak process (step 120) or alternatively, the reducing gas may contain a different reducing compound/agent, depending on the product throughput requirements and the device applications. A pulse of purge gas is then introduced into the processing chamber (step 160) to purge or otherwise remove any residual reducing compound.
[0030] Suitable carrier gases or purge gases include helium, argon, nitrogen, hydrogen, forming gas, or combinations thereof. Typically, a reducing gas which contains the borane or silane compounds also contains hydrogen, and may further contain argon or nitrogen.
[0031] Referring to step 170, after each deposition cycle (steps 130 through 160), a tungsten nucleation layer having a particular thickness will be deposited on the substrate surface. Usually, each ALD cycle may form a layer having a thickness within the range from about 0.1 Å to about 5 Å or less. Depending on specific device requirements, subsequent deposition cycles may be needed to deposit tungsten nucleation layer having a desired thickness. As such, a deposition cycle (steps 130 through 160) can be repeated until the desired thickness for the tungsten film is achieved. The nucleation layer is typically deposited to a thickness within the range from about 2 Å to about 200 Å. Thereafter, the process is stopped as indicated by step 180 when the desired thickness is achieved.
[0032] Suitable tungsten-containing precursors or compounds include tungsten hexafluoride (WF6), tungsten hexachloride (WCl6), tungsten carbonyl (W(CO)6), bis(cyclopentadienyl)tungsten dichloride (Cp2WCl2), mesitylene tungsten tricarbonyl (C9H12W(CO)3), or derivatives thereof. Suitable reducing compounds and soak compounds include silane compounds, borane compounds, phosphine compounds, ammonia, amine compounds, hydrogen, derivatives thereof, mixtures thereof, or combinations thereof. Silane compounds include silane, disilane, trisilane, tetrasilane, chlorosilane, dichlorosilane, tetrachlorosilane, hexachlorodisilane, methylsilane, or derivatives thereof. Borane compounds include borane, diborane, triborane, tetraborane, pentaborane, alkylboranes (e.g., triethylborane), or derivatives thereof. Several examples provide that the reducing gas used for the soak process contains silane, disilane, diborane, hydrogen, derivatives thereof, mixtures thereof, or combinations thereof.
[0033] The substrate surface generally contains a barrier layer disposed thereon. The tungsten nucleation layer may be deposited on the barrier layers. In one embodiment, the substrate surface may be exposed to a pre-soak gas while the substrate is heated. The substrate may be heated to a process temperature during step 110 or 120 and throughout steps 130-170 during process 100. The substrate may be heated to a process temperature within the range from about 100° C. to about 600° C., preferably, from about 200° C. to about 600° C., more preferably, from about 300° C. to about 500° C., more preferably, from about 350° C. to about 420° C., and more preferably, from about 375° C. to about 500° C., for example, prior to or during the pre-soak process. In one example, the temperature of the soak process is maintained for the subsequent vapor deposition process. The soak process (step 120) is typically performed with the internal pressure of the process chamber within the range from about 1 Torr to about 150 Torr, preferably, from about 1 Torr to about 100 Torr, more preferably, from about 10 Torr to about 50 Torr, and more preferably, from about 20 Torr to about 40 Torr. In some examples, a pressure is within the range from about 5 Torr to about 20 Torr. In another example, the pressure is about 40 Torr. The soak process is usually conducted to the substrate surface for a time period within the range from about 1 second to about 90 seconds. In one example, the soak process will last for about 60 seconds or less. In another example, the soak process will last for about 30 seconds or less. In another aspect, the soak process will last for about 10 seconds.
[0034] The substrate is exposed to a soak gas (e.g., pre-soak gas) or a reducing gas which contains hydrogen gas and a hydride compound, such as silane, disilane, diborane, phosphine, derivatives thereof, or combinations thereof. The reducing gas may be mixed within the processing/deposition chamber or outside and may be coming from multiple sources. In one example, the substrate is exposed to the reducing gas which is formed by combining in the chamber a gas flow of a reducing or hydride compound and hydrogen mixture (e.g., 5% B2H6 in H2) along with a gas flow of hydrogen gas. In another example, the gas flow of the reducing or hydride compound and hydrogen mixture (e.g., 5% B2H6 in H2) and the gas flow of hydrogen gas are combined prior to entering the chamber.
[0035] In one embodiment, the reducing gas contains a hydrogen/hydride flow rate ratio of about 40:1 or greater, preferably, about 100:1 or greater, preferably, about 500:1 or greater, more preferably, about 800:1 or greater, and more preferably, about 1,000:1 or greater. The hydride compound (e.g., diborane) may have a flow rate within a range from about 1 sccm to about 40 sccm, preferably, from about 3 sccm to about 30 sccm, and more preferably, from about 5 sccm to about 15 sccm. The hydride compound may be within a carrier gas (e.g., H2), such that the mixture may have a flow rate within a range from about 50 sccm to about 500 sccm, preferably, from about 75 sccm to about 400 sccm, and more preferably, from about 100 sccm to about 300 sccm. The hydrogen gas may have a flow rate within a range from about 1 slm to about 20 slm, preferably, from about 3 slm to about 15 slm, and more preferably, from about 5 slm to about 10 slm. The hydrogen/hydride flow rate ratio may be calculated by dividing the total hydrogen flow rate by the total hydride flow rate. The total hydrogen flow rate contains the sum of all sources of hydrogen including the flow rate of any hydrogen carrier gas and the flow rate of any independent hydrogen gas.
[0036] The barrier layer disposed on the substrate is reduced and/or adsorbs the reductant to form a conditioned layer for the subsequent nucleation layer. The conditioned barrier layer provides for a quicker and smoother deposition of the nucleation layer. In one embodiment, in step 120, the reductant or reducing compound/agent utilized in the soak process is diborane or silane. In one example, the reducing gas contains a hydride compound (e.g., B2H6 or SiH4) having a flow rate within a range from about 1 sccm to about 40 sccm and hydrogen gas having a flow rate within a range from about 1 slm to about 20 slm. In another example, the reducing gas contains the hydride compound having a flow rate within a range from about 3 sccm to about 30 sccm and the hydrogen gas having a flow rate within a range from about 3 slm to about 15 slm. In another example, the reducing gas contains the hydride compound having a flow rate within a range from about 5 sccm to about 15 sccm and the hydrogen gas having a flow rate within a range from about 5 slm to about 10 slm.
[0037] In step 130, the tungsten-containing precursor is preferably tungsten hexafluoride and introduced at a rate within the range from about 5 sccm to about 200 sccm. The tungsten-containing precursor can be introduced into the process chamber with a carrier gas, such as argon with a flow rate within the range from about 50 sccm to about 1,000 sccm.
[0038] In step 150, the reducing gas contains diborane or silane and is introduced into the process chamber. The reducing gas contains a hydride compound (e.g., B2H6 or SiH4) having a flow rate within a range from about 1 sccm to about 40 sccm and hydrogen gas having a flow rate within a range from about 1 slm to about 20 slm. In another example, the reducing gas contains the hydride compound having a flow rate within a range from about 3 sccm to about 30 sccm and the hydrogen gas having a flow rate within a range from about 3 slm to about 15 slm. In another example, the reducing gas contains the hydride compound having a flow rate within a range from about 5 sccm to about 15 sccm and the hydrogen gas having a flow rate within a range from about 5 slm to about 10 slm.
[0039] The pulses of a purge gas, preferably argon or nitrogen, at steps 140 and 160, are typically introduced at a rate from about 50 sccm to about 2,000 sccm, preferably at about 500 sccm. Steps 140 and 160 may include a continuous flow of purge gas whereas the tungsten-containing compound and the reducing gas are pulsed into a steady stream of carrier gas. Each processing step (steps 130 through 160) lasts within a range from about 0.01 seconds to about 10 seconds, preferably, from about 0.1 seconds to about 1 second. Longer processing steps, such as about 30 seconds or about 60 seconds, achieve tungsten deposition. However, the throughput is reduced. The specific pressures and times are obtained through experimentation. In one example, a 300 mm diameter substrate or wafer needs about twice the flow rate as a 200 mm diameter substrate or wafer in order to maintain similar throughput.
[0040] An ALD process chamber used during embodiments described herein is available from Applied Materials, Inc., located in Santa Clara, Calif. A more detailed description of an ALD process chamber may be found in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,878,206 and 6,916,398, and commonly assigned U.S. Ser. No. 10/281,079, filed on Oct. 25, 2002, and published as US 2003-0121608, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Software routines are executed to initiate process recipes or sequences. The software routines, when executed, transform the general purpose computer into a specific process computer that controls the chamber operation so that a chamber process is performed. For example, software routines may be used to precisely control the activation of the electronic control valves for the execution of process sequences according to aspects of the invention. Alternatively, the software routines may be performed in hardware, as an application specific integrated circuit or other type of hardware implementation, or a combination of software or hardware.
[0041] FIG. 2 illustrates process 200 for the forming of a tungsten-containing material according to one embodiment described herein. During step 210, the substrate is loaded into a process chamber. The substrate usually contains a barrier layer disposed thereon and is exposed to a pre-soak process or a first soak process during step 220. The soak process includes delivering pre-soak gas or a reducing gas containing a reductant into the process chamber. The substrate surface forms a treated layer, such as a reduced barrier layer. During step 230, a nucleation layer (e.g., tungsten) is deposited on the substrate. Generally, the nucleation layer is deposited by a vapor deposition process that includes ALD, CVD, or pulsed-CVD. In step 240, the nucleation layer is exposed to a second soak process with the same or a different reductant as used in step 220. Thereafter, a bulk layer (e.g., tungsten) is deposited on the nucleation layer during step 250. The bulk layer may be deposited by a CVD process.
[0042] During step 210, the substrate may be loaded into and positioned within the process chamber. The substrate surface or underlayer may contain a barrier layer, an adhesion, or an activation layer disposed thereon. Barrier layers usually contain a metallic material or a metal nitride material. In one embodiment, the underlayer is a barrier layer that contains metallic titanium, titanium nitride, metallic tantalum, tantalum nitride, silicides thereof, derivatives thereof, alloys thereof, or combinations thereof. The barrier layer may be deposited by an ALD process, a CVD process, or a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process. In another embodiment, the underlayer is a nucleation/barrier layer that may contain ruthenium, nickel, cobalt, metallic tungsten, tungsten nitride, silicides thereof, derivatives thereof, alloys thereof, or combinations thereof. The nucleation/barrier layer may be deposited by an ALD process, a CVD process, a PVD process, or combinations thereof.
[0043] The barrier layer is usually deposited to a thickness of at least about 30 Å, such as within the range from about 30 Å to about 100 Å. In one example, a barrier layer is deposited on the substrate surface by a CVD process by using tetrakis(dimethylamino)titanium (TDMAT) and ammonia. In another example, a barrier layer is deposited on the substrate surface by an ALD process by sequentially pulsing titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and ammonia. In another example, a barrier layer is deposited on the substrate surface by a PVD process by sputtering from a titanium source in a nitrogen environment. The barrier layer may be plasma densified prior to performing a subsequent fabrication process. In another example, the underlayer is a tungsten and/or tungsten nitride layer deposited by a PVD process.
[0044] In one example, the underlayer is a barrier layer containing metallic titanium, titanium nitride, metallic tantalum, tantalum nitride, silicides thereof, derivatives thereof, alloys thereof, or combinations thereof and may be deposited by an ALD process, a CVD process, or a PVD process. In another example, the underlayer is a nucleation/barrier layer containing ruthenium, nickel, cobalt, metallic tungsten, tungsten nitride, silicides thereof, derivatives thereof, alloys thereof, or combinations thereof and may be deposited by an ALD process or a PVD process.
[0045] The process conditions, such as temperature and pressure, set during step 210 may be used during step 220. In one embodiment, the process chamber is adjusted to heat the substrate at a temperature within the range from about 100° C. to about 600° C., preferably, from about 200° C. to about 600° C., more preferably, from about 300° C. to about 500° C., more preferably, from about 350° C. to about 420° C., and more preferably, from about 375° C. to about 500° C., during the steps 210, 220, 230, and/or 240 during process 200. The process chamber may have an internal pressure within the range from about 1 Torr to about 150 Torr, preferably, from about 1 Torr to about 100 Torr, more preferably, from about 10 Torr to about 50 Torr, and more preferably, from about 20 Torr to about 40 Torr. In one example, the process chamber used during the soak process may be the same process chamber as used to deposit the barrier layer. In another example, the process chamber used during the soak process is used to deposit the subsequent nucleation layer during step 230.
[0046] During step 220, the substrate surface is exposed to a soak process containing a reductant and an optional carrier gas. The reductant adsorbs and/or reacts to the substrate surface, namely the barrier layer, to form a treated surface. The treated surface provides a quicker deposition process for an overall smooth and more uniform tungsten layer. The reductants may include silane compounds, borane compounds, phosphine compounds, ammonia, amine compounds, hydrogen, derivatives thereof, mixtures thereof, or combinations thereof. Silane compounds include silane, disilane, trisilane, tetrasilane, chlorosilane, dichlorosilane, tetrachlorosilane, hexachlorodisilane, methylsilane, or derivatives thereof, while borane compounds include borane, diborane, triborane, tetraborane, pentaborane, alkylboranes (e.g., triethylborane), or derivatives thereof. The preferred reductants include silane, disilane, diborane, and hydrogen. A carrier gas may be co-flowed with the reductant. Carrier gases include hydrogen, nitrogen, argon, helium, derivatives thereof, mixtures thereof, or combinations thereof.
[0047] The substrate may be exposed to the pre-soak gas or reducing gas during the pre-soak process in step 220 for a time period within the range from about 1 second to about 90 seconds, preferably, from about 5 seconds to about 60 seconds, more preferably, from about 10 seconds to about 30 seconds, and more preferably, from about 15 seconds to about 20 seconds. The barrier layer disposed on the substrate is reduced and/or adsorbs the reductant to form a conditioned layer for the subsequent nucleation layer. In one example performed prior to an ALD nucleation process, about 300 sccm of a 5 vol % diborane in hydrogen is exposed to the substrate for about 30 seconds at about 15 Torr and about 350° C. In another example performed prior to an ALD nucleation process, about 300 sccm of a 5 vol % diborane in hydrogen and about 2 slm of hydrogen are exposed to the substrate for about 20 seconds at about 10 Torr and about 300° C. In one example performed prior to a pulsed-CVD nucleation process, about 200 sccm of a 5 vol % diborane in hydrogen is exposed to the substrate for about 24 seconds at about 90 Torr and about 400° C.
[0048] During step 230, a nucleation layer is deposited on the substrate surface, namely on the treated barrier layer. The nucleation layer may be deposited by a vapor deposition process that includes ALD, CVD, and/or pulsed-CVD. The process chamber used to deposit the nucleation layer may be the same process chamber used in the soak processes as described in steps 220 and 240. The nucleation layer may contain tungsten, tungsten alloys, tungsten-containing materials (e.g., tungsten boride or tungsten silicide) and combinations thereof. The nucleation layer is typically deposited to a thickness within the range from about 2 Å to about 200 Å. In one example, an ALD process utilizing WF6 and B2H6 deposits a nucleation layer with a thickness within the range from about 2 Å to about 20 Å, such as about 12 Å. In another example, an ALD process utilizing WF6 and SiH4 deposits a nucleation layer with a thickness within the range from about 2 Å to about 50 Å, such as about 30 Å. In another example, a pulsed-CVD (e.g., co-flowed) process utilizing WF6 and SiH4 or WF6 and B2H6 deposits a nucleation layer with a thickness within the range from about 2 Å to about 200 Å, such as about 50 Å. Preferably, the ALD process as described herein during process 100 may be used to deposit the nucleation layer.
[0049] During step 240, the substrate surface is exposed to a post-soak process or a second soak process containing a reductant and an optional carrier gas. The reductant adsorbs and/or reacts to the substrate surface, namely the nucleation layer, to form a treated surface. The reductant or reducing compound, as described above, may also include silane compounds, borane compounds, phosphine compounds, ammonia, amine compounds, hydrogen, derivatives thereof, mixtures thereof, or combinations thereof. A carrier gas may be co-flowed with the reductant or reducing compound and include hydrogen, nitrogen, argon, or combinations thereof.
[0050] The substrate may be exposed to the post-soak gas or reducing gas during the post-soak process in step 240 for a time period within the range from about 1 second to about 90 seconds, preferably, from about 5 seconds to about 60 seconds, more preferably, from about 10 seconds to about 30 seconds, and more preferably, from about 15 seconds to about 20 seconds. In one embodiment, the substrate surface may be exposed to a post-soak gas while the substrate is heated to a temperature within the range from about 100° C. to about 600° C., preferably, from about 200° C. to about 600° C., more preferably, from about 300° C. to about 500° C., more preferably, from about 350° C. to about 420° C., and more preferably, from about 375° C. to about 500° C. during a post-soak process. The process chamber is maintained having internal pressure within the range from about 1 Torr to about 150 Torr, preferably, from about 1 Torr to about 100 Torr, more preferably, from about 10 Torr to about 50 Torr, and more preferably, from about 20 Torr to about 40 Torr. The barrier layer disposed on the substrate is reduced and/or adsorbs the reductant to form a conditioned layer for the subsequent bulk layer.
[0051] The substrate is exposed to a soak gas (e.g., post-soak gas) or a reducing gas which contains hydrogen gas and a hydride compound, such as silane, disilane, borane, diborane, phosphine, derivatives thereof, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the reducing gas contains a hydrogen/hydride flow rate ratio of about 40:1 or greater, preferably, about 100:1 or greater, more preferably, about 500:1 or greater, and more preferably, about 800:1 or greater. The hydride compound (e.g., diborane) may have a flow rate within a range from about 1 sccm to about 40 sccm, preferably, from about 3 sccm to about 30 sccm, and more preferably, from about 5 sccm to about 15 sccm. The reducing gas contains hydrogen gas having a flow rate within a range from about 1 slm to about 20 slm, preferably, from about 3 slm to about 15 slm, and more preferably, from about 5 slm to about 10 slm.
[0052] In one example performed after an ALD nucleation process, about 300 sccm of a 5 vol % diborane in hydrogen may be exposed to the substrate for about 30 seconds at about 30 Torr and about 300° C. In another example performed after a pulsed-CVD nucleation process, about 200 sccm of a 5 vol % diborane in hydrogen and about 3 slm of hydrogen are exposed to the substrate for about 30 seconds at about 15 Torr and about 400° C. In another example performed after a pulsed-CVD nucleation process, about 300 sccm of a 5 vol % diborane in diborane is exposed to the substrate for about 20 seconds at about 90 Torr and about 400° C.
[0053] During step 250, a bulk layer is deposited on the substrate surface, namely on the treated nucleation layer. The bulk layer may be deposited by a vapor deposition process that includes CVD or pulsed-CVD. The process chamber used to deposit the bulk layer may be the same process chamber used in the post soak process as described in step 240. The bulk layer contains tungsten, tungsten alloys, tungsten-containing materials, (e.g., tungsten boride, tungsten silicide, or tungsten phosphide) and combinations thereof. The bulk layer is typically deposited to a thickness within the range from about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, preferably, from about 1,000 Å to about 5,000 Å. In one example, a CVD process utilizing WF6 and B2H6 is used to deposit a bulk layer on the treated nucleation layer. In another example, a CVD process utilizing WF6 and SiH4 is used to deposit a bulk layer on the treated nucleation layer. In another example, a PVD process utilizing a tungsten source is used to deposit a bulk layer on the treated nucleation layer. A process for soaking a tungsten nucleation layer and depositing a tungsten bulk layer thereon is further described in the commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,382, which is incorporated by reference herein.
[0054] In an alternative embodiment, a tungsten-containing film is deposited by depositing more than one nucleation layer and may include multiple cycles of a vapor deposition process. In one example, the barrier layer may be exposed to a soak process prior to forming a first nucleation layer by a pulsed-CVD process. The process chamber is heated to a temperature within a range from about 400° C. to about 450° C., for example, about 425° C. and maintained at a pressure within a range from about 10 Torr to about 20 Torr, such as about 15 Torr. The pulsed-CVD process may include exposing the substrate to a co-flow of a tungsten-containing compound and a reductant for a period of time from about 1 second to about 3 seconds, for example about 1.5 seconds. The flow of the reagents include the tungsten-containing compound with a flow rate from about 30 sccm to about 90 sccm, such as about 60 sccm, while the reductant is at a flow rate from about 10 sccm to about 50 sccm, such as about 30 sccm. The co-flow is stopped and the process chamber purged. Then the reductant is pulsed into the chamber for a period of time from about 1 second to about 3 seconds, for example about 1 second. The reductant may have a flow rate from about 10 sccm to about 50 sccm, such as about 30 sccm. The flow of the reductant is stopped and the chamber purged for about 0.5 seconds. The cycle is repeated until a predetermined thickness of the first nucleation layer is formed. For example, the process is repeated 3 times to form a layer with a thickness about 30 Å. The preferred tungsten-containing compound is tungsten hexafluoride and the preferred reductant is silane and/or diborane. The reductant is optionally used during a soak process prior or subsequent the deposition of the first nucleation layer.
[0055] A second nucleation layer may be formed on the first nucleation layer. The process chamber may be kept at the same temperature, but the pressure of the process chamber is usually increased. The process chamber is maintained at a temperature within the range from about 400° C. to about 450° C., for example, about 425° C. and the a pressure is within the range from about 20 Torr to about 50 Torr, such as about 30 Torr. The CVD process may include exposing the substrate to a co-flow of a tungsten-containing compound and a reductant for a period of time from about 4 seconds to about 8 seconds, for example about 6 seconds. The flow of the reagents include the tungsten-containing compound with a flow rate from about 30 sccm to about 70 sccm, such as about 50 sccm, while the reductant has a flow rate from about 10 sccm to about 50 sccm, such as about 25 sccm. A second nucleation layer is deposited on the first nucleation layer and has a thickness within the range from about 50 Å to about 1,000 Å, preferably, from about 150 Å to about 300 Å. The preferred tungsten-containing compound is tungsten hexafluoride and the preferred reductant is silane and/or diborane. The reductant is optionally used during a soak process prior or subsequent the deposition of the second nucleation layer.
[0056] Finally, a bulk layer may be deposited on the second nucleation layer. The bulk layer may be deposited by a tradition CVD process. In one example, the process chamber is maintained at a temperature within the range from about 400° C. to about 450° C., for example, about 425° C. and the pressure is maintained within the range from about 100 Torr to about 350 Torr, such as about 200 Torr. The flow of the reagents include the tungsten-containing compound with a flow rate from about 200 sccm to about 800 sccm, such as about 400 sccm, while the reductant has a flow rate from about 2,000 sccm to about 8,000 sccm, such as about 4,000 sccm. The preferred tungsten-containing compound is tungsten hexafluoride and the preferred reductant is hydrogen.
[0057] A tungsten nucleation layer as described above has shown particular utility when integrated with traditional bulk fill techniques to form features with excellent film properties. An integration scheme can include ALD or pulsed-CVD processes to deposit a nucleation layer while a bulk layer may be deposited by CVD or PVD processes. Integrated processing systems capable of performing such an integration scheme include an ENDURA®, ENDURA SL®, CENTURA® and PRODUCER® processing system, each available from Applied Materials, Inc., located in Santa Clara, Calif. Any of these systems may be configured to include at least one ALD or pulsed-CVD chamber for depositing the nucleation layer, at least one CVD chamber for depositing bulk fill, and/or at least one PVD chamber for additional materials.
[0058] FIG. 3A is a schematic top-view diagram of an exemplary multi-chamber processing system 300. A similar multi-chamber processing system is disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,186,718, which is incorporated by reference herein. The system 300 generally includes load lock chambers 302, 304 for the transfer of substrates into and out from the system 300. Typically, since the system 300 is under vacuum, the load lock chambers 302, 304 may "pump down" the substrates introduced into the system 300. A first robot 310 may transfer the substrates between the load lock chambers 302, 304, and a first set of one or more substrate processing chambers 312, 314, 316, 318 (four are shown). Each processing chamber 312, 314, 316, 318, can be outfitted to perform a number of substrate processing operations such as cyclical layer deposition, CVD, PVD, etch, pre-clean, de-gas, orientation, and other substrate processes. The first robot 310 also transfers substrates to/from one or more transfer chambers 322, 324.
[0059] The transfer chambers 322, 324, are used to maintain ultrahigh vacuum conditions while allowing substrates to be transferred within the system 300. A second robot 330 may transfer the substrates between the transfer chambers 322, 324 and a second set of one or more processing chambers 332, 334, 336, 338. Similar to processing chambers 312, 314, 316, 318, the processing chambers 332, 334, 336, 338 may be outfitted to perform a variety of substrate processing operations, such as cyclical deposition, CVD, PVD, etch, pre-clean, de-gas, and orientation, for example. Any of the substrate processing chambers 312, 314, 316, 318, 332, 334, 336, 338 may be removed from the system 300 if not necessary for a particular process to be performed by the system 300.
[0060] In one arrangement, each processing chamber 332 and 338 may be a cyclical deposition chamber adapted to deposit a nucleation layer; each processing chamber 334 and 336 may be a cyclical deposition chamber, a chemical vapor deposition chamber or a physical vapor deposition chamber adapted to form a bulk layer; each processing chamber 312 and 314 may be a physical vapor deposition chamber, a chemical vapor deposition chamber, or a cyclical deposition chamber adapted to deposit a dielectric layer; and each processing chamber 316 and 318 may be an etch chamber outfitted to etch apertures or openings for interconnect features. This one particular arrangement of the system 300 is provided to illustrate the invention and should not be used to limit the scope of the invention.
[0061] Another integrated system may include nucleation deposition as well as bulk fill deposition in a single chamber. A chamber configured to operate in both a cyclical deposition mode as well as a conventional CVD mode can be used. One example of such a chamber is described in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,878,206, which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0062] In another integration scheme, one or more cyclical deposition nucleation chambers are integrated onto a first processing system while one or more bulk layer deposition chambers are integrated onto a second processing system. In this configuration, substrates are first processed in the first system where a nucleation layer is deposited on a substrate. Thereafter, the substrates are moved to the second processing system where bulk deposition occurs.
[0063] FIG. 3B is a schematic top-view diagram of an exemplary multi-chamber processing system 350. The system 350 generally includes load lock chambers 352, 354 for the transfer of substrates into and out from the system 350. Typically, since the system 350 is under vacuum, the load lock chambers 352, 354 may "pump down" the substrates introduced into the system 350. A robot 360 may transfer the substrates between the load lock chambers 352, 354, and substrate processing chambers 362, 364, 366, 368, 370, and 372. Each processing chamber 362, 364, 366, 368, 370, and 372 can be outfitted to perform a number of substrate processing operations such as cyclical layer deposition, CVD, PVD, etch, pre-clean, de-gas, heat, orientation and other substrate processes. The robot 360 also transfers substrates to/from a transfer chamber 356. Any of the substrate processing chambers 362, 364, 366, 368, 370, and 372 may be removed from the system 350 if not necessary for a particular process to be performed by the system 350.
[0064] In one arrangement, each processing chamber 364 and 370 may be a cyclical deposition chamber adapted to deposit a nucleation layer, each processing chamber 366 and 368 may be a cyclical deposition chamber, a chemical vapor deposition chamber or a physical vapor deposition chamber adapted to form a bulk fill deposition layer. This one particular arrangement of the system 350 is provided to illustrate the invention and should not be used to limit the scope of the invention.
[0065] Alternatively, a carousel type batch processing system having a plurality of stations in a single chamber can be adapted to incorporate nucleation and bulk layer deposition into a single processing system. In such a processing system a purge gas curtain, such as an argon gas curtain, can be established between each station creating a micro or mini environment at each station. The substrates are loaded into the system sequentially and then rotated through each station and processed at least partially at each station. For example, a substrate may be exposed to a cyclical deposition nucleation step at a first station and then to partial bulk fill CVD steps at each of the subsequent stations. Alternatively, nucleation may occur at more than one station and bulk fill may occur at one or more stations. Still further, the nucleation layer and the bulk layer may be deposited in separate carousel type systems. In another aspect, the soak and the nucleation steps are completed in one carousel while the bulk steps are done on another carousel, wherein both carousels are part of the same process system. Each platen can be temperature controlled to provide at least some process control at each station. However, the process pressure typically remains the same between stations because the stations are housed in a single chamber. Some pressure control may be available in a micro or mini environment present at each station due to the inert gas curtain.
[0066] Regardless of the integration scheme, the nucleation layer may have a thickness within the range from about 2 Å to about 200 Å, for example, from about 5 Å to about 100 Å. In some examples, the nucleation layer may have a thickness of about 50 Å or less, such as about 30 Å or less, preferably, about 20 Å or less, more preferably, about 15 Å or less, such as about 10 Å or less. The bulk layer may have a thickness within the range from about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, from about 1,000 Å to about 5,000 Å. However, the thickness of these films can vary depending on the feature sizes and aspect ratios of a given application. Accordingly, the films are suitably sized to accommodate the geometries of a given application. The following are some exemplary geometries and applications that can benefit from a nucleation layer deposited according to embodiments described herein. The following descriptions are intended for illustrative purposes only, and are not intended to limit the uses of the present invention.
[0067] The tungsten bulk layer may be deposited by a traditional CVD process, such as by co-flowing tungsten hexafluoride and hydrogen gas into the process chamber. The tungsten bulk layer may have a resistivity measured across the substrate of about 20 μΩ-cm or less, preferably, about 16 μΩ-cm or less, more preferably about 14 μΩ-cm or less, such as about 10 μΩ-cm or less, preferably, about 9 μΩ-cm or less, more preferably, about 8 μΩ-cm or less, and more preferably, about 7 μΩ-cm or less.
[0068] FIGS. 4A-4C show cross sectional views of a semiconductor feature that one embodiment of the process is utilized to fill a via 460. In FIG. 4A, the substrate 450 includes at least one via 460. A barrier layer 451 may be deposited by ALD, CVD or PVD techniques to the substrate 450 with via 460. Barrier layer 451 may contain titanium, titanium nitride, tantalum, tantalum nitride, tungsten, tungsten nitride, borides thereof, silicides thereof, alloys thereof, or combinations thereof. Prior to the nucleation of a tungsten layer 452, as depicted in FIG. 4B, a soak process may be administered to barrier layer 451. The soak process renders the sidewalls, of the barrier layer 451 within the via 460, to adhere and grow the tungsten layer 452 at about the same rate as the barrier layer 451 outside the via 460. When the soak process is omitted, growth of tungsten layer 452 on the sidewalls is not constant with respect to the growth of tungsten layer 452 outside the via 460. Once the nucleation of tungsten layer 452 has been deposited, then a secondary soak or post soak process is conducted to treat tungsten layer 452. The post soak process provides tungsten layer 452 to more smoothly continue growth while filling the via 460, as demonstrated in FIG. 4c. In one example, an ALD process is continued after deposition of a tungsten nucleation layer to deposit the tungsten bulk layer. In another example, an ALD process is used to deposit the tungsten nucleation layer and a CVD process is used to deposit the tungsten bulk layer. In another example, an ALD process is used to deposit the tungsten nucleation layer and a PVD process is used to deposit the tungsten bulk layer. In another example, a pulsed-CVD process is used to deposit the tungsten nucleation layer and a conventional CVD process is used to deposit the tungsten bulk layer. In another example, a pulsed-CVD process is used to deposit the tungsten nucleation layer and a PVD process is used to deposit the tungsten bulk layer.
Tungsten Metal Gate
[0069] FIG. 5 shows a cross sectional view of an exemplary metal oxide gate device 400 utilizing a nucleation layer deposited according to embodiments described herein. The device 400 generally includes an exposed gate 410 surrounded by spacers 416 and silicon source/drain areas 420 formed within a substrate surface 412. The spacers 416 typically include an oxide, such as silicon dioxide, or a nitride, such as silicon nitride.
[0070] The metal gate 410 includes an oxide layer 411, a polysilicon layer 414, a titanium nitride barrier layer 415 and a tungsten layer 422. The oxide layer 411 separates the substrate 412 from the polysilicon layer 414. The oxide layer 411 and the polysilicon layer 414 are deposited using conventional deposition techniques.
[0071] The titanium nitride barrier layer 415 is deposited on the polysilicon layer 414. The titanium nitride barrier layer 415 may be a bi-layer stack formed by depositing a PVD titanium layer followed by a CVD titanium nitride layer. The titanium nitride barrier layer 415 may also be deposited using a cyclical deposition technique, such as the process shown and described in commonly assigned U.S. Ser. No. 10/032,293, filed on Dec. 21, 2001, and published as US 2003-0116087, now abandoned, which is herein incorporated by reference.
[0072] A soak process is administered to the substrate surface. The soak includes a silane compound or a borane compound along with at least one carrier gas. A preferred silane compound is silane, a preferred borane compound is diborane and a preferred carrier gas is hydrogen, nitrogen, and/or argon. In one aspect, silane has a flow rate within the range from about 25 sccm to about 500 sccm and hydrogen has a flow rate within the range from about 200 sccm to about 700 sccm. The soak process is conducted at a temperature within the range from about 100° C. to about 500° C., preferably at about 300° C., a pressure within the range from about 1 Torr to about 150 Torr, preferably, from about 30 Torr to about 120 Torr and for a time period from about 1 second to about 90 seconds. In another aspect, diborane has a flow rate within the range from about 25 sccm to about 500 sccm and hydrogen and/or argon has a flow rate within the range from about 200 sccm to about 700 sccm. The soak process is conducted at a temperature within the range from about 100° C. to about 500° C., preferably at about 300° C., a pressure within the range from about 1 Torr to about 120 Torr, preferably, from about 5 Torr to about 50 Torr, and a period of time from about 1 second to about 90 seconds, preferably less than about 60 seconds.
[0073] In one example, a nucleation layer 417 is then cyclically deposited over the barrier layer 415 following treatment of the substrate surface with a soak process. In one aspect, the nucleation layer 417 is cyclically deposited using alternating pulses of tungsten hexafluoride and diborane. The tungsten hexafluoride may be pulsed into the chamber and the substrate is exposed at a rate of within a range from about 1 sccm to about 100 sccm, preferably, from about 5 sccm to about 50 sccm, for about 0.3 seconds. A carrier gas, such as argon, is provided along with the tungsten hexafluoride at a flow rate within a range from about 100 sccm to about 1,000 sccm, preferably from about 100 sccm to about 500 sccm. The diborane (e.g., 5% in H2) may be pulsed into the chamber and the substrate is exposed at a rate of within a range from about 50 sccm to about 1,000 sccm, preferably, from about 100 sccm to about 400 sccm, for about 0.3 seconds. Hydrogen gas may be pulsed into the chamber and the substrate is exposed at a rate of within a range from about 1 slm to about 20 slm, preferably, from about 3 slm to about 15 slm, and more preferably, from about 5 slm to about 10 slm. The substrate may be maintained at a temperature between about 100° C. and about 400° C., preferably at about 300° C., at a chamber pressure between about 1 Torr and about 120 Torr, preferably between about 5 Torr and about 50 Torr. In between pulses of the tungsten hexafluoride and the diborane, hydrogen is pulsed for about 0.5 seconds to purge or otherwise remove any reactive compounds from the processing chamber.
[0074] In another example, the nucleation layer 417 is cyclically deposited using alternating pulses of tungsten hexafluoride and silane. The tungsten hexafluoride is pulsed as described above with argon for about 0.5 seconds. The silane is pulsed at a rate of about 1 sccm to about 100 sccm, such as between about 5 sccm to about 50 sccm, for about 0.5 seconds. A carrier gas, such as hydrogen, is provided along with the silane at a rate of about 100 sccm and about 1,000 sccm, such as between about 100 sccm and about 500 sccm. Hydrogen gas may be pulsed into the chamber and the substrate is exposed at a rate of within a range from about 1 slm to about 20 slm, preferably, from about 3 slm to about 15 slm, and more preferably, from about 5 slm to about 10 slm. The substrate is maintained at a temperature between about 100° C. and about 400° C., preferably at about 300° C., at a chamber pressure between about 1 Torr and about 30 Torr.
[0075] In another example, a nucleation layer 417 is deposited by a pulsed-CVD process on the barrier layer 415 following treatment of the substrate surface with a soak process. The pulsed-CVD process includes co-flowing WF6 and B2H6 or WF6 and SiH4 at a temperature within the range from about 300° C. to about 500° C., preferably, from about 400° C. to about 450° C. The pulsed-CVD process pulses the co-flowing precursors at a time period from about 0.5 seconds to about 3 seconds, preferably about 1.5.
[0076] A second soak process or post soak process is administered to the substrate surface. The soak process includes a reductant, such as silane compound or a borane compound along with at least one carrier gas. Preferably, the reductant is diborane and a preferred carrier gas is hydrogen, nitrogen and/or argon. In one example, a reducing gas containing 5 vol % of diborane in hydrogen has a flow rate within the range from about 100 sccm to about 500 sccm, preferably about 300 sccm. In some examples, the substrate may be exposed to hydrogen gas having a flow rate within a range from about 1 slm to about 20 slm, preferably, from about 3 slm to about 15 slm, and more preferably, from about 5 slm to about 10 slm along with the reducing gas. The soak process is conducted at a temperature within the range from about 100° C. to about 500° C., preferably about 300° C., a pressure within the range from about 1 Torr to about 120 Torr, preferably, from about 10 Torr to about 50 Torr, and for a time period from about 1 second to about 90 seconds, preferably less than about 30 seconds.
[0077] A nucleation layer formed utilizing soak processes has advantages over a nucleation layer formed without the soak processes. The tungsten film shows less stress for the integrated film, as well as, less fluorine content at the interface of the nucleation layer. Also, the nucleation layer deposited post a soak treatment has higher uniformity coverage and is deposited quicker due to a reduced incubation period.
[0078] A tungsten bulk fill 422 is then deposited on the treated tungsten nucleation layer 417. Although any metal deposition process, such as conventional chemical vapor deposition or physical vapor deposition, may be used, the tungsten bulk fill 422 may be deposited by alternately adsorbing a tungsten-containing compound and a reducing compound as described above. A more detailed description of tungsten deposition using a cyclical deposition technique may be found in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,878,206, and in commonly assigned U.S. Ser. No. 10/082,048, filed on Feb. 20, 2002, and published as US 2003-0157760, now abandoned, which are both incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Fewer volcanoes appear on the surface of the tungsten film deposited utilizing a soak process, as compared to tungsten films deposited without exploiting a soak process, post tungsten bulk-fill.
[0079] Following deposition, the top portion of the resulting structure 400 may be planarized. A chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) apparatus may be used, such as the MIRRA® System available from Applied Materials, Inc., located in Santa Clara, Calif. Portions of the tungsten bulk fill 422 are removed from the top of the structure leaving a fully planar surface. Optionally, the intermediate surfaces of the structure may be planarized between the depositions of the subsequent layers described above.
[0080] FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view of a conventional DRAM device having a transistor 520 positioned adjacent a top portion of a trench capacitor 530. The access transistor 520 for the DRAM device 510 is positioned adjacent a top portion of the trench capacitor 530. Preferably, the access transistor 520 contains an n-p-n transistor having a source region 522, a gate region 524 and a drain region 526. The gate region 524 is a P- doped silicon epi-layer disposed over the P+ substrate. The source region 522 of the access transistor 520 is an N+ doped material disposed on a first side of the gate region 524 and the drain region 526 is an N+ doped material disposed on a second side of the gate region 524, opposite the source region 522.
[0081] The source and drain regions 522, 524 may be connected to a tungsten plug 560. Each tungsten plug 560 includes a titanium liner 562, a tungsten nucleation layer 564, and a bulk tungsten fill 566. The titanium liner 562 may be a bi-layer stack containing PVD titanium followed by CVD titanium nitride. Alternatively, the titanium liner 562 may be a bi-layer stack containing ALD deposited titanium followed by ALD deposited titanium nitride. The tungsten nucleation layer 564 is formed by using a soak process and an ALD process or a soak process and a pulsed-CVD process as described above. The tungsten bulk fill 566 may be deposited using a post soak process and any conventional deposition techniques, including CVD.
[0082] The trench capacitor 530 generally includes a first electrode 532, a second electrode 534 and a dielectric material 536 disposed therebetween. The P+ substrate serves as a first electrode 532 of the trench capacitor 530 and is connected to a ground connection 541. A trench 538 is formed in the P+ substrate and filled with a heavily doped N+ polysilicon that serves as the second electrode 534 of the trench capacitor 530. The dielectric material 536 is disposed between the first electrode 532 (i.e., P+ substrate) and the second electrode 534 (i.e., N+ polysilicon).
[0083] The trench capacitor 530 also includes a first tungsten nitride barrier layer 540 disposed between the dielectric material 536 and the first electrode 532. Preferably, a second tungsten nitride barrier layer 542 is disposed between the dielectric material 536 and the second electrode 534. Alternatively, the barrier layers 540, 542 are a combination film, such as W/WN.
[0084] Although the above-described DRAM device utilizes an n-p-n transistor, a P+ substrate as a first electrode, and an N+ polysilicon as a second electrode of the capacitor, other transistor designs and electrode materials are contemplated by the present invention to form DRAM devices. Additionally, other devices, such as crown capacitors for example, are contemplated by embodiments described herein.
[0085] "Substrate surface" or "substrate," as used herein, refers to any substrate or material surface formed on a substrate upon which film processing is performed during a fabrication process. For example, a substrate surface on which processing may be performed include materials such as monocrystalline, polycrystalline or amorphous silicon, strained silicon, silicon on insulator (SOI), doped silicon, silicon germanium, germanium, gallium arsenide, glass, sapphire, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, and/or carbon doped silicon oxides, such as SiOxCy, for example, BLACK DIAMOND® low-k dielectric, available from Applied Materials, Inc., located in Santa Clara, Calif. Substrates may have various dimensions, such as 200 mm or 300 mm diameter wafers, as well as, rectangular or square panes. Unless otherwise noted, embodiments and examples described herein are preferably conducted on substrates with a 200 mm diameter or a 300 mm diameter, more preferably, a 300 mm diameter. Embodiments of the processes described herein deposit metallic tungsten, tungsten nitride, tungsten boride, tungsten silicide, derivatives thereof, alloys thereof, and other tungsten-containing materials on many substrates and surfaces, especially, on barrier layers, adhesion layers, or conductive layers. Substrates on which embodiments of the invention may be useful include, but are not limited to semiconductor wafers, such as crystalline silicon (e.g., Si<100> or Si<111>), silicon oxide, strained silicon, silicon germanium, doped or undoped polysilicon, doped or undoped silicon wafers, and patterned or non-patterned wafers. Substrates may be exposed to a pretreatment process to polish, etch, reduce, oxidize, hydroxylate, anneal, and/or bake the substrate surface.
[0086] "Atomic layer deposition" or "cyclical deposition" as used herein refers to the sequential introduction of two or more reactive compounds to deposit a layer of material on a substrate surface. The two, three or more reactive compounds may alternatively be introduced into a reaction zone of a process chamber. Usually, each reactive compound is separated by a time delay to allow each compound to adhere and/or react on the substrate surface. In one aspect, a first precursor or compound A is pulsed into the reaction zone followed by a first time delay. Next, a second precursor or compound B is pulsed into the reaction zone followed by a second delay. During each time delay a purge gas, such as nitrogen, is introduced into the process chamber to purge the reaction zone or otherwise remove any residual reactive compound or by-products from the reaction zone. Alternatively, the purge gas may flow continuously throughout the deposition process so that only the purge gas flows during the time delay between pulses of reactive compounds. In alternative embodiments, the purge gas may also be a reducing agent, such as hydrogen, diborane, or silane. The reactive compounds are alternatively pulsed until a desired film or film thickness is formed on the substrate surface. In either scenario, the ALD process of pulsing compound A, purge gas, pulsing compound B and purge gas is a cycle. A cycle can start with either compound A or compound B and continue the respective order of the cycle until achieving a film with the desired thickness. In another embodiment, a first precursor containing compound A, a second precursor containing compound B, and a third precursor containing compound C are each separately and alternatively pulsed into the process chamber. Alternatively, a first precursor containing compound A and a second precursor containing compound B are each separately and alternatively pulsed into the process chamber while, and a third precursor containing compound C is continuously flowed into the process chamber. Alternatively, a pulse of a first precursor may overlap in time with a pulse of a second precursor while a pulse of a third precursor does not overlap in time with either pulse of the first and second precursors.
[0087] A "pulse" as used herein is intended to refer to a quantity of a particular compound that is intermittently or non-continuously introduced into a reaction zone of a processing chamber. The quantity of a particular compound within each pulse may vary over time, depending on the duration of the pulse. The duration of each pulse is variable depending upon a number of factors such as, for example, the volume capacity of the process chamber employed, the vacuum system coupled thereto, and the volatility/reactivity of the particular compound itself. A "half-reaction" as used herein to refer to a pulse of a precursor followed by a purge step.
[0088] The following examples were conducted to substrates that contained a barrier layer deposited on the surface. The barrier layer was formed by first depositing a titanium layer by a PVD process on a 300 mm substrate surface to a thickness of about 100 Å. Subsequently, a titanium nitride layer was deposited on the titanium layer by a CVD process using TDMAT precursor followed by H2/N2 plasma treatment. The titanium nitride layer was deposited to a thickness of about 50 Å. In most of the subsequent examples, the diborane gas usually contains hydrogen (H2) as a carrier gas. However, the carrier gas could be nitrogen (N2), or argon.
[0089] The substrate was placed into a deposition chamber and exposed to a soak process under the following conditions:
[0090] Reagent: B2H6;
[0091] Pressure: about 15 Torr;
[0092] Temperature: about 375° C.;
[0093] Flow rates: about 200 sccm of 5% B2H6 in N2 and about 8,000 sccm of H2;
[0094] Hydrogen/hydride flow rate ratio: about 800:1; and
[0095] Duration: about 10 seconds.
[0096] Next, a tungsten nucleation layer was formed on the barrier layer in the deposition chamber from the previous soak process using a pulsed-CVD process under the following conditions: [0097] Reagents: WF6, B2H6, and H2; [0098] Pressure: about 5 Torr; [0099] Temperature: about 375° C.; [0100] Flow rates: about 60 sccm of WF6, about 100 sccm of 5% B2H6 in N2, and about 6,000 sccm H2; [0101] Hydrogen/hydride flow rate ratio: about 1,200:1; and [0102] Pulse duration: about 1.5 seconds.
[0103] The pulsed-CVD process was continued until the nucleation layer had a thickness of about 25 Å. Thereafter, the substrate was kept in the deposition chamber and exposed to a second soak process under the following conditions:
[0104] Reagent: B2H6 and H2;
[0110] Subsequently, a bulk tungsten layer was deposited using WF6--H2 to a thickness of about 500 Å on the nucleation layer using a CVD process at about 375° C.
[0112] Reagent: SiH4;
[0115] Flow rates: about 200 sccm of SiH4; and
[0117] Next, a tungsten nucleation layer was formed on the barrier layer in the deposition chamber from the previous soak process using a pulsed-CVD process under the following conditions: [0118] Reagents: WF6, B2H6, and H2; [0119] Pressure: about 5 Torr; [0120] Temperature: about 400° C.; [0121] Flow rates: about 60 sccm of WF6, about 100 sccm of 5% B2H6 in N2, and about 6,000 sccm of H2; [0122] Hydrogen/hydride flow rate ratio: about 1,200:1; and [0123] Pulse duration: about 1.5 seconds.
[0131] Subsequently, a bulk tungsten layer was deposited WF6--H2 to a thickness of about 500 Å on the second nucleation layer using a CVD process at about 400° C.
[0138] Next, a tungsten nucleation layer was formed on the barrier layer in the deposition chamber from the previous soak process using a pulsed-CVD process under the following conditions:
[0139] Reagents: WF6 and SiH4;
[0140] Pressure: about 5 Torr;
[0142] Flow rates: about 60 sccm of WF6 and about 30 sccm of SiH4; and
[0143] Pulse duration: about 1.5 seconds.
[0148] Flow rates: about 200 sccm of 5% B2H6 in N2, and about 8,000 sccm of H2;
[0151] Next, another tungsten nucleation was formed using the pulsed-CVD process, until the nucleation layer had total thickness of about 40 Å. Following conditions are used:
The pulsed-CVD process was continued until the nucleation layer had a thickness of about 50 Å.
[0171] Subsequently, a bulk tungsten layer was deposited to a thickness of about 1,000 Å on the second nucleation layer using a CVD process at about 400° C.
[0173] Reagent: SiH4 and H2;
[0178] Next, a tungsten nucleation layer was formed on the barrier layer in the deposition chamber from the previous soak process using a pulsed-CVD process under the following conditions: [0179] Reagents: WF6, B2H6 and H2; [0180] Pressure: about 5 Torr; [0181] Temperature: about 400° C.; [0182] Flow rates: about 60 sccm of WF6 and about 100 sccm of 5% B2H6 in N2, and about 6,000 sccm of H2; [0183] Hydrogen/hydride flow rate ratio: about 1,200:1; and [0184] Pulse duration: about 1.5 seconds. The pulsed-CVD process was continued until the nucleation layer had a thickness of about 25 Å.
[0199] The pulsed-CVD process was continued until the nucleation layer had a thickness of about 50 Å. Thereafter, the substrate was kept in the deposition chamber and a second nucleation layer was deposited on the first nucleation layer. The second nucleation layer was deposited by a traditional CVD process to a thickness of about 200 Å under the following conditions:
[0202] Temperature: about 400° C.; and
[0203] Flow rates: about 60 sccm of WF6 and about 30 sccm of SiH4.
[0212] Next, a tungsten nucleation layer was formed on the barrier layer in the previously used deposition chamber using a pulsed-CVD process under the following conditions: [0213] Reagents: WF6, B2H6, and H2; [0214] Pressure: about 5 Torr; [0215] Temperature: about 400° C.; [0216] Flow rates: about 60 sccm of WF6, about 30 sccm of B2H6, and about 4,000 sccm of H2; [0217] Hydrogen/hydride flow rate ratio: about 133:1; and [0218] Pulse duration: about 1.5 seconds.
[0219] The pulsed-CVD process was continued until the nucleation layer had a thickness of about 25 Å. Thereafter, the substrate was kept in the deposition chamber and a second nucleation layer was deposited on the first nucleation layer. The second nucleation layer was deposited by a traditional CVD process to a thickness of about 150 Å under the following conditions: [0220] Reagents: WF6, B2H6, and H2; [0221] Pressure: about 30 Torr; [0222] Temperature: about 400° C.; [0223] Flow rates: about 60 sccm of WF6, about 30 sccm of B2H6, and about 4,000 sccm of H2; and [0224] Hydrogen/hydride flow rate ratio: about 133:1.
[0229] Flow rates: about 200 sccm of 5% B2H6 in H2 and about 8,000 sccm of H2;
[0232] Next, a tungsten nucleation layer was formed on the barrier layer in the same deposition chamber used during the soak process using a pulsed-CVD process under the following conditions:
[0238] The pulsed-CVD process was continued until the nucleation layer had a thickness of about 150 Å. Thereafter, the substrate was kept in the deposition chamber and exposed to a second soak process under the following conditions:
[0245] Finally, the substrate was maintained in the deposition chamber and a bulk tungsten layer was deposited to a thickness of about 2,000 Å on the nucleation layer using a CVD process at about 400° C.
[0253] Next, a tungsten nucleation layer was formed on the barrier layer in the deposition chamber used during the prior soak process using a pulsed-CVD process under the following conditions: [0254] Reagents: WF6, B2H6, and H2; [0255] Pressure: about 30 Torr; [0256] Temperature: about 400° C.; [0257] Flow rates: about 60 sccm of WF6, about 30 sccm of B2H6, and about 6,000 sccm of H2; [0258] Hydrogen/hydride flow rate ratio: about 200:1; and [0259] Pulse duration: about 1.5 seconds.
[0268] While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Patent applications by Amit Khandelwal, Cupertino, CA US
Patent applications by Avgerinos V. Gelatos, Redwood City, CA US
Patent applications by Kai Wu, Palo Alto, CA US
Patent applications by Madhu Moorthy, San Jose, CA US
Patent applications by Applied Materials, Inc.
Patent applications in class At least one layer forms a diffusion barrier
Patent applications in all subclasses At least one layer forms a diffusion barrier
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A Child Of The Rain
A Difficult Problem
A Grammatical Ghost
A Memorable Night
A Mysterious Case
A Spectral Collie
A Terribly Strange Bed
American Horses
An Astral Onion
An Intangible Clue
As Told By Mr Gryce
From The Loom Of The Dead
His Last Bow
Missing: Page Thirteen
My Fascinating Friend
On The Northern Ice
Problem Ix Violet's Own
Satire Of The Sea
Shall He Wed Her?
Story Of An Obstinate Corpse
Story Of The Vanishing Patient
The Adventure Of Black Peter
The Adventure Of Charles Augustus Milverton
The Adventure Of The Abbey Grange
The Adventure Of The Bruce-partington Plans
The Adventure Of The Cardboard Box
The Adventure Of The Dancing Men
The Adventure Of The Devil's Foot
The Adventure Of The Dying Detective
The Adventure Of The Empty House
The Adventure Of The Golden Pince-nez
The Adventure Of The Missing Three-quarter
The Adventure Of The Norwood Builder
The Adventure Of The Priory School
The Adventure Of The Red Circle
The Adventure Of The Six Napoleons
The Adventure Of The Solitary Cyclist
The Adventure Of The Three Students
The Adventure Of Wisteria Lodge
The Affair Of The Tortoise
The Birth-mark
The Black Cross
The Box With The Iron Clamps
The Bronze Hand
The Cambered Foot
The Case Of He Golden Bullet
The Case Of Mr Foggatt
The Case Of The Dixon Torpedo
The Case Of The Pocket Diary Found In The Snow
The Case Of The Pool Of Blood In The Pastor's Study
The Case Of The Registered Letter
The Coin Of Dionysius
The Disappearance Of Lady Frances Carfax
The Doctor His Wife And The Clock
The Dreaming Lady
The End Of The Road
The Fortune Teller
The Golden Slipper
The Gray Madam
The Grotto Spectre
The Hermit Of Street
The Hole In The Mahogany Panel
The House By The Loch
The House That Was Not
The Jew's Breastplate
The Knight's Cross Signal Problem
The Last Exploit Of Harry The Actor
The Lenton Croft Robberies
The Loss Of Sammy Crockett
The Lost Lady
The Man In The Green Hat
The Mysterious Card
The Old Stone House
The Piano Next Door
The Pumpkin Coach
The Quinton Jewel Affair
The Reward
The Room Of The Evil Thought
The Second Bullet
The Shape Of Fear
The Spread Rails
The Stanway Cameo Mystery
The Thing On The Hearth
The Torture By Hope
The Tragedy At Brookbend Cottage
The Wrong Sign
The Yellow Flower
Their Dear Little Ghost
My Friend The Murderer
Silver Blaze
The Adventure Of The Beryl Coronet
The Adventure Of The Blue Carbuncle
The Adventure Of The Engineer's Thumb
The Adventure Of The Noble Bachelor
The Adventure Of The Second Stain
The Beetle-hunter
The Black Doctor
The Boscombe Valley Mystery
The Brazilian Cat
The Case Of Lady Sannox
The Final Problem
The Five Orange Pips
The Gloria Scott
The Greek Interpreter
The Horror Of The Heights
The Japanned Box
The Leather Funnel
The Lost Special
The Man With The Twisted Lip
The Man With The Watches
The Musgrave Ritual
The Naval Treaty
The New Catacomb
The Reigate Puzzle
The Resident Patient
The Stock-broker's Clerk
The Terror Of Blue John Gap
The Yellow Face
It was no very unusual thing for Mr. Lestrade, of Scotland Yard, to
look in upon us of an evening, and his visits were welcome to Sherlock
Holmes, for they enabled him to keep in touch with all that was going on
at the police headquarters. In return for the news which Lestrade would
bring, Holmes was always ready to listen with attention to the
details of any case upon which the detective was engaged, and was able
occasionally, without any active interference, to give some hint or
suggestion drawn from his own vast knowledge and experience.
On this particular evening, Lestrade had spoken of the weather and
the newspapers. Then he had fallen silent, puffing thoughtfully at his
cigar. Holmes looked keenly at him.
"Anything remarkable on hand?" he asked.
"Oh, no, Mr. Holmes--nothing very particular."
"Then tell me about it."
Lestrade laughed.
"Well, Mr. Holmes, there is no use denying that there IS something on my
mind. And yet it is such an absurd business, that I hesitated to
bother you about it. On the other hand, although it is trivial, it is
undoubtedly queer, and I know that you have a taste for all that is out
of the common. But, in my opinion, it comes more in Dr. Watson's line
than ours."
"Disease?" said I.
"Madness, anyhow. And a queer madness, too. You wouldn't think there was
anyone living at this time of day who had such a hatred of Napoleon the
First that he would break any image of him that he could see."
Holmes sank back in his chair.
"That's no business of mine," said he.
"Exactly. That's what I said. But then, when the man commits burglary
in order to break images which are not his own, that brings it away from
the doctor and on to the policeman."
Holmes sat up again.
"Burglary! This is more interesting. Let me hear the details."
Lestrade took out his official notebook and refreshed his memory from
its pages.
"The first case reported was four days ago," said he. "It was at the
shop of Morse Hudson, who has a place for the sale of pictures and
statues in the Kennington Road. The assistant had left the front shop
for an instant, when he heard a crash, and hurrying in he found a
plaster bust of Napoleon, which stood with several other works of art
upon the counter, lying shivered into fragments. He rushed out into the
road, but, although several passers-by declared that they had noticed a
man run out of the shop, he could neither see anyone nor could he
find any means of identifying the rascal. It seemed to be one of those
senseless acts of Hooliganism which occur from time to time, and it was
reported to the constable on the beat as such. The plaster cast was not
worth more than a few shillings, and the whole affair appeared to be too
childish for any particular investigation.
"The second case, however, was more serious, and also more singular. It
occurred only last night.
"In Kennington Road, and within a few hundred yards of Morse Hudson's
shop, there lives a well-known medical practitioner, named Dr. Barnicot,
who has one of the largest practices upon the south side of the Thames.
His residence and principal consulting-room is at Kennington Road, but
he has a branch surgery and dispensary at Lower Brixton Road, two miles
away. This Dr. Barnicot is an enthusiastic admirer of Napoleon, and his
house is full of books, pictures, and relics of the French Emperor. Some
little time ago he purchased from Morse Hudson two duplicate plaster
casts of the famous head of Napoleon by the French sculptor, Devine. One
of these he placed in his hall in the house at Kennington Road, and the
other on the mantelpiece of the surgery at Lower Brixton. Well, when Dr.
Barnicot came down this morning he was astonished to find that his house
had been burgled during the night, but that nothing had been taken save
the plaster head from the hall. It had been carried out and had been
dashed savagely against the garden wall, under which its splintered
fragments were discovered."
Holmes rubbed his hands.
"This is certainly very novel," said he.
"I thought it would please you. But I have not got to the end yet. Dr.
Barnicot was due at his surgery at twelve o'clock, and you can imagine
his amazement when, on arriving there, he found that the window had been
opened in the night and that the broken pieces of his second bust were
strewn all over the room. It had been smashed to atoms where it stood.
In neither case were there any signs which could give us a clue as to
the criminal or lunatic who had done the mischief. Now, Mr. Holmes, you
have got the facts."
"They are singular, not to say grotesque," said Holmes. "May I ask
whether the two busts smashed in Dr. Barnicot's rooms were the exact
duplicates of the one which was destroyed in Morse Hudson's shop?"
"They were taken from the same mould."
"Such a fact must tell against the theory that the man who breaks them
is influenced by any general hatred of Napoleon. Considering how many
hundreds of statues of the great Emperor must exist in London, it is
too much to suppose such a coincidence as that a promiscuous iconoclast
should chance to begin upon three specimens of the same bust."
"Well, I thought as you do," said Lestrade. "On the other hand, this
Morse Hudson is the purveyor of busts in that part of London, and these
three were the only ones which had been in his shop for years. So,
although, as you say, there are many hundreds of statues in London, it
is very probable that these three were the only ones in that district.
Therefore, a local fanatic would begin with them. What do you think, Dr.
Watson?"
"There are no limits to the possibilities of monomania," I answered.
"There is the condition which the modern French psychologists have
called the 'IDEE FIXE,' which may be trifling in character, and
accompanied by complete sanity in every other way. A man who had read
deeply about Napoleon, or who had possibly received some hereditary
family injury through the great war, might conceivably form such an IDEE
FIXE and under its influence be capable of any fantastic outrage."
"That won't do, my dear Watson," said Holmes, shaking his head, "for no
amount of IDEE FIXE would enable your interesting monomaniac to find out
where these busts were situated."
"Well, how do YOU explain it?"
"I don't attempt to do so. I would only observe that there is a certain
method in the gentleman's eccentric proceedings. For example, in Dr.
Barnicot's hall, where a sound might arouse the family, the bust was
taken outside before being broken, whereas in the surgery, where there
was less danger of an alarm, it was smashed where it stood. The affair
seems absurdly trifling, and yet I dare call nothing trivial when I
reflect that some of my most classic cases have had the least promising
commencement. You will remember, Watson, how the dreadful business of
the Abernetty family was first brought to my notice by the depth which
the parsley had sunk into the butter upon a hot day. I can't afford,
therefore, to smile at your three broken busts, Lestrade, and I shall
be very much obliged to you if you will let me hear of any fresh
development of so singular a chain of events."
The development for which my friend had asked came in a quicker and an
infinitely more tragic form than he could have imagined. I was still
dressing in my bedroom next morning, when there was a tap at the door
and Holmes entered, a telegram in his hand. He read it aloud:
"Come instantly, 131 Pitt Street, Kensington.
"LESTRADE."
"What is it, then?" I asked.
"Don't know--may be anything. But I suspect it is the sequel of the
story of the statues. In that case our friend the image-breaker has
begun operations in another quarter of London. There's coffee on the
table, Watson, and I have a cab at the door."
In half an hour we had reached Pitt Street, a quiet little backwater
just beside one of the briskest currents of London life. No. 131 was one
of a row, all flat-chested, respectable, and most unromantic dwellings.
As we drove up, we found the railings in front of the house lined by a
curious crowd. Holmes whistled.
"By George! It's attempted murder at the least. Nothing less will hold
the London message-boy. There's a deed of violence indicated in that
fellow's round shoulders and outstretched neck. What's this, Watson? The
top steps swilled down and the other ones dry. Footsteps enough, anyhow!
Well, well, there's Lestrade at the front window, and we shall soon know
all about it."
The official received us with a very grave face and showed us into a
sitting-room, where an exceedingly unkempt and agitated elderly
man, clad in a flannel dressing-gown, was pacing up and down. He was
introduced to us as the owner of the house--Mr. Horace Harker, of the
Central Press Syndicate.
"It's the Napoleon bust business again," said Lestrade. "You seemed
interested last night, Mr. Holmes, so I thought perhaps you would be
glad to be present now that the affair has taken a very much graver
turn."
"What has it turned to, then?"
"To murder. Mr. Harker, will you tell these gentlemen exactly what has
occurred?"
The man in the dressing-gown turned upon us with a most melancholy face.
"It's an extraordinary thing," said he, "that all my life I have been
collecting other people's news, and now that a real piece of news has
come my own way I am so confused and bothered that I can't put two
words together. If I had come in here as a journalist, I should have
interviewed myself and had two columns in every evening paper. As it is,
I am giving away valuable copy by telling my story over and over to a
string of different people, and I can make no use of it myself. However,
I've heard your name, Mr. Sherlock Holmes, and if you'll only explain
this queer business, I shall be paid for my trouble in telling you the
story."
Holmes sat down and listened.
"It all seems to centre round that bust of Napoleon which I bought for
this very room about four months ago. I picked it up cheap from Harding
Brothers, two doors from the High Street Station. A great deal of my
journalistic work is done at night, and I often write until the early
morning. So it was to-day. I was sitting in my den, which is at the back
of the top of the house, about three o'clock, when I was convinced that
I heard some sounds downstairs. I listened, but they were not repeated,
and I concluded that they came from outside. Then suddenly, about five
minutes later, there came a most horrible yell--the most dreadful sound,
Mr. Holmes, that ever I heard. It will ring in my ears as long as I
live. I sat frozen with horror for a minute or two. Then I seized the
poker and went downstairs. When I entered this room I found the window
wide open, and I at once observed that the bust was gone from the
mantelpiece. Why any burglar should take such a thing passes my
understanding, for it was only a plaster cast and of no real value
"You can see for yourself that anyone going out through that open window
could reach the front doorstep by taking a long stride. This was clearly
what the burglar had done, so I went round and opened the door. Stepping
out into the dark, I nearly fell over a dead man, who was lying there. I
ran back for a light and there was the poor fellow, a great gash in his
throat and the whole place swimming in blood. He lay on his back, his
knees drawn up, and his mouth horribly open. I shall see him in my
dreams. I had just time to blow on my police-whistle, and then I must
have fainted, for I knew nothing more until I found the policeman
standing over me in the hall."
"Well, who was the murdered man?" asked Holmes.
"There's nothing to show who he was," said Lestrade. "You shall see the
body at the mortuary, but we have made nothing of it up to now. He is a
tall man, sunburned, very powerful, not more than thirty. He is poorly
dressed, and yet does not appear to be a labourer. A horn-handled clasp
knife was lying in a pool of blood beside him. Whether it was the weapon
which did the deed, or whether it belonged to the dead man, I do not
know. There was no name on his clothing, and nothing in his pockets save
an apple, some string, a shilling map of London, and a photograph. Here
it is."
It was evidently taken by a snapshot from a small camera. It represented
an alert, sharp-featured simian man, with thick eyebrows and a very
peculiar projection of the lower part of the face, like the muzzle of a
baboon.
"And what became of the bust?" asked Holmes, after a careful study of
this picture.
"We had news of it just before you came. It has been found in the front
garden of an empty house in Campden House Road. It was broken into
fragments. I am going round now to see it. Will you come?"
"Certainly. I must just take one look round." He examined the carpet and
the window. "The fellow had either very long legs or was a most active
man," said he. "With an area beneath, it was no mean feat to reach
that window ledge and open that window. Getting back was comparatively
simple. Are you coming with us to see the remains of your bust, Mr.
Harker?"
The disconsolate journalist had seated himself at a writing-table.
"I must try and make something of it," said he, "though I have no doubt
that the first editions of the evening papers are out already with
full details. It's like my luck! You remember when the stand fell at
Doncaster? Well, I was the only journalist in the stand, and my journal
the only one that had no account of it, for I was too shaken to write
it. And now I'll be too late with a murder done on my own doorstep."
As we left the room, we heard his pen travelling shrilly over the
foolscap.
The spat where the fragments of the bust had been found was only a
few hundred yards away. For the first time our eyes rested upon this
presentment of the great emperor, which seemed to raise such frantic
and destructive hatred in the mind of the unknown. It lay scattered, in
splintered shards, upon the grass. Holmes picked up several of them and
examined them carefully. I was convinced, from his intent face and his
purposeful manner, that at last he was upon a clue.
"Well?" asked Lestrade.
Holmes shrugged his shoulders.
"We have a long way to go yet," said he. "And yet--and yet--well, we
have some suggestive facts to act upon. The possession of this trifling
bust was worth more, in the eyes of this strange criminal, than a human
life. That is one point. Then there is the singular fact that he did not
break it in the house, or immediately outside the house, if to break it
was his sole object."
"He was rattled and bustled by meeting this other fellow. He hardly knew
what he was doing."
"Well, that's likely enough. But I wish to call your attention very
particularly to the position of this house, in the garden of which the
bust was destroyed."
Lestrade looked about him.
"It was an empty house, and so he knew that he would not be disturbed in
the garden."
"Yes, but there is another empty house farther up the street which he
must have passed before he came to this one. Why did he not break it
there, since it is evident that every yard that he carried it increased
the risk of someone meeting him?"
"I give it up," said Lestrade.
Holmes pointed to the street lamp above our heads.
"He could see what he was doing here, and he could not there. That was
his reason."
"By Jove! that's true," said the detective. "Now that I come to think of
it, Dr. Barnicot's bust was broken not far from his red lamp. Well, Mr.
Holmes, what are we to do with that fact?"
"To remember it--to docket it. We may come on something later which will
bear upon it. What steps do you propose to take now, Lestrade?"
"The most practical way of getting at it, in my opinion, is to identify
the dead man. There should be no difficulty about that. When we have
found who he is and who his associates are, we should have a good start
in learning what he was doing in Pitt Street last night, and who it was
who met him and killed him on the doorstep of Mr. Horace Harker. Don't
you think so?"
"No doubt; and yet it is not quite the way in which I should approach
the case."
"What would you do then?"
"Oh, you must not let me influence you in any way. I suggest that you
go on your line and I on mine. We can compare notes afterwards, and each
will supplement the other."
"Very good," said Lestrade.
"If you are going back to Pitt Street, you might see Mr. Horace Harker.
Tell him for me that I have quite made up my mind, and that it is
certain that a dangerous homicidal lunatic, with Napoleonic delusions,
was in his house last night. It will be useful for his article."
Lestrade stared.
"You don't seriously believe that?"
Holmes smiled.
"Don't I? Well, perhaps I don't. But I am sure that it will interest Mr.
Horace Harker and the subscribers of the Central Press Syndicate.
Now, Watson, I think that we shall find that we have a long and rather
complex day's work before us. I should be glad, Lestrade, if you could
make it convenient to meet us at Baker Street at six o'clock this
evening. Until then I should like to keep this photograph, found in the
dead man's pocket. It is possible that I may have to ask your company
and assistance upon a small expedition which will have be undertaken
to-night, if my chain of reasoning should prove to be correct. Until
then good-bye and good luck!"
Sherlock Holmes and I walked together to the High Street, where we
stopped at the shop of Harding Brothers, whence the bust had been
purchased. A young assistant informed us that Mr. Harding would be
absent until afternoon, and that he was himself a newcomer, who could
give us no information. Holmes's face showed his disappointment and
annoyance.
"Well, well, we can't expect to have it all our own way, Watson," he
said, at last. "We must come back in the afternoon, if Mr. Harding
will not be here until then. I am, as you have no doubt surmised,
endeavouring to trace these busts to their source, in order to find if
there is not something peculiar which may account for their remarkable
fate. Let us make for Mr. Morse Hudson, of the Kennington Road, and see
if he can throw any light upon the problem."
A drive of an hour brought us to the picture-dealer's establishment. He
was a small, stout man with a red face and a peppery manner.
"Yes, sir. On my very counter, sir," said he. "What we pay rates and
taxes for I don't know, when any ruffian can come in and break one's
goods. Yes, sir, it was I who sold Dr. Barnicot his two statues.
Disgraceful, sir! A Nihilist plot--that's what I make it. No one but an
anarchist would go about breaking statues. Red republicans--that's what
I call 'em. Who did I get the statues from? I don't see what that has to
do with it. Well, if you really want to know, I got them from Gelder
& Co., in Church Street, Stepney. They are a well-known house in the
trade, and have been this twenty years. How many had I? Three--two and
one are three--two of Dr. Barnicot's, and one smashed in broad daylight
on my own counter. Do I know that photograph? No, I don't. Yes, I do,
though. Why, it's Beppo. He was a kind of Italian piece-work man, who
made himself useful in the shop. He could carve a bit, and gild and
frame, and do odd jobs. The fellow left me last week, and I've heard
nothing of him since. No, I don't know where he came from nor where he
went to. I had nothing against him while he was here. He was gone two
days before the bust was smashed."
"Well, that's all we could reasonably expect from Morse Hudson," said
Holmes, as we emerged from the shop. "We have this Beppo as a common
factor, both in Kennington and in Kensington, so that is worth a
ten-mile drive. Now, Watson, let us make for Gelder & Co., of Stepney,
the source and origin of the busts. I shall be surprised if we don't get
some help down there."
In rapid succession we passed through the fringe of fashionable London,
hotel London, theatrical London, literary London, commercial London,
and, finally, maritime London, till we came to a riverside city of a
hundred thousand souls, where the tenement houses swelter and reek with
the outcasts of Europe. Here, in a broad thoroughfare, once the abode
of wealthy City merchants, we found the sculpture works for which we
searched. Outside was a considerable yard full of monumental masonry.
Inside was a large room in which fifty workers were carving or moulding.
The manager, a big blond German, received us civilly and gave a clear
answer to all Holmes's questions. A reference to his books showed that
hundreds of casts had been taken from a marble copy of Devine's head of
Napoleon, but that the three which had been sent to Morse Hudson a year
or so before had been half of a batch of six, the other three being sent
to Harding Brothers, of Kensington. There was no reason why those six
should be different from any of the other casts. He could suggest no
possible cause why anyone should wish to destroy them--in fact, he
laughed at the idea. Their wholesale price was six shillings, but the
retailer would get twelve or more. The cast was taken in two moulds from
each side of the face, and then these two profiles of plaster of Paris
were joined together to make the complete bust. The work was usually
done by Italians, in the room we were in. When finished, the busts were
put on a table in the passage to dry, and afterwards stored. That was
all he could tell us.
But the production of the photograph had a remarkable effect upon the
manager. His face flushed with anger, and his brows knotted over his
blue Teutonic eyes.
"Ah, the rascal!" he cried. "Yes, indeed, I know him very well. This has
always been a respectable establishment, and the only time that we have
ever had the police in it was over this very fellow. It was more than a
year ago now. He knifed another Italian in the street, and then he came
to the works with the police on his heels, and he was taken here. Beppo
was his name--his second name I never knew. Serve me right for engaging
a man with such a face. But he was a good workman--one of the best."
"What did he get?"
"The man lived and he got off with a year. I have no doubt he is out
now, but he has not dared to show his nose here. We have a cousin of his
here, and I daresay he could tell you where he is."
"No, no," cried Holmes, "not a word to the cousin--not a word, I beg
of you. The matter is very important, and the farther I go with it, the
more important it seems to grow. When you referred in your ledger to the
sale of those casts I observed that the date was June 3rd of last year.
Could you give me the date when Beppo was arrested?"
"I could tell you roughly by the pay-list," the manager answered. "Yes,"
he continued, after some turning over of pages, "he was paid last on May
20th."
"Thank you," said Holmes. "I don't think that I need intrude upon your
time and patience any more." With a last word of caution that he should
say nothing as to our researches, we turned our faces westward once
The afternoon was far advanced before we were able to snatch a hasty
luncheon at a restaurant. A news-bill at the entrance announced
"Kensington Outrage. Murder by a Madman," and the contents of the paper
showed that Mr. Horace Harker had got his account into print after
all. Two columns were occupied with a highly sensational and flowery
rendering of the whole incident. Holmes propped it against the
cruet-stand and read it while he ate. Once or twice he chuckled.
"This is all right, Watson," said he. "Listen to this:
"It is satisfactory to know that there can be no difference of opinion
upon this case, since Mr. Lestrade, one of the most experienced
members of the official force, and Mr. Sherlock Holmes, the well known
consulting expert, have each come to the conclusion that the grotesque
series of incidents, which have ended in so tragic a fashion, arise from
lunacy rather than from deliberate crime. No explanation save mental
aberration can cover the facts.
"The Press, Watson, is a most valuable institution, if you only know how
to use it. And now, if you have quite finished, we will hark back to
Kensington and see what the manager of Harding Brothers has to say on
the matter."
The founder of that great emporium proved to be a brisk, crisp little
person, very dapper and quick, with a clear head and a ready tongue.
"Yes, sir, I have already read the account in the evening papers. Mr.
Horace Harker is a customer of ours. We supplied him with the bust some
months ago. We ordered three busts of that sort from Gelder & Co., of
Stepney. They are all sold now. To whom? Oh, I daresay by consulting our
sales book we could very easily tell you. Yes, we have the entries here.
One to Mr. Harker you see, and one to Mr. Josiah Brown, of Laburnum
Lodge, Laburnum Vale, Chiswick, and one to Mr. Sandeford, of Lower Grove
Road, Reading. No, I have never seen this face which you show me in the
photograph. You would hardly forget it, would you, sir, for I've seldom
seen an uglier. Have we any Italians on the staff? Yes, sir, we have
several among our workpeople and cleaners. I daresay they might get a
peep at that sales book if they wanted to. There is no particular reason
for keeping a watch upon that book. Well, well, it's a very strange
business, and I hope that you will let me know if anything comes of your
inquiries."
Holmes had taken several notes during Mr. Harding's evidence, and I
could see that he was thoroughly satisfied by the turn which affairs
were taking. He made no remark, however, save that, unless we hurried,
we should be late for our appointment with Lestrade. Sure enough, when
we reached Baker Street the detective was already there, and we found
him pacing up and down in a fever of impatience. His look of importance
showed that his day's work had not been in vain.
"Well?" he asked. "What luck, Mr. Holmes?"
"We have had a very busy day, and not entirely a wasted one," my friend
explained. "We have seen both the retailers and also the wholesale
manufacturers. I can trace each of the busts now from the beginning."
"The busts," cried Lestrade. "Well, well, you have your own methods, Mr.
Sherlock Holmes, and it is not for me to say a word against them, but
I think I have done a better day's work than you. I have identified the
dead man."
"You don't say so?"
"And found a cause for the crime."
"Splendid!"
"We have an inspector who makes a specialty of Saffron Hill and the
Italian Quarter. Well, this dead man had some Catholic emblem round his
neck, and that, along with his colour, made me think he was from the
South. Inspector Hill knew him the moment he caught sight of him. His
name is Pietro Venucci, from Naples, and he is one of the greatest
cut-throats in London. He is connected with the Mafia, which, as you
know, is a secret political society, enforcing its decrees by murder.
Now, you see how the affair begins to clear up. The other fellow is
probably an Italian also, and a member of the Mafia. He has broken
the rules in some fashion. Pietro is set upon his track. Probably the
photograph we found in his pocket is the man himself, so that he may not
knife the wrong person. He dogs the fellow, he sees him enter a house,
he waits outside for him, and in the scuffle he receives his own
death-wound. How is that, Mr. Sherlock Holmes?"
Holmes clapped his hands approvingly.
"Excellent, Lestrade, excellent!" he cried. "But I didn't quite follow
your explanation of the destruction of the busts."
"The busts! You never can get those busts out of your head. After all,
that is nothing; petty larceny, six months at the most. It is the murder
that we are really investigating, and I tell you that I am gathering all
the threads into my hands."
"And the next stage?"
"Is a very simple one. I shall go down with Hill to the Italian Quarter,
find the man whose photograph we have got, and arrest him on the charge
of murder. Will you come with us?"
"I think not. I fancy we can attain our end in a simpler way. I can't
say for certain, because it all depends--well, it all depends upon
a factor which is completely outside our control. But I have great
hopes--in fact, the betting is exactly two to one--that if you will come
with us to-night I shall be able to help you to lay him by the heels."
"In the Italian Quarter?"
"No, I fancy Chiswick is an address which is more likely to find him. If
you will come with me to Chiswick to-night, Lestrade, I'll promise to go
to the Italian Quarter with you to-morrow, and no harm will be done by
the delay. And now I think that a few hours' sleep would do us all good,
for I do not propose to leave before eleven o'clock, and it is unlikely
that we shall be back before morning. You'll dine with us, Lestrade, and
then you are welcome to the sofa until it is time for us to start. In
the meantime, Watson, I should be glad if you would ring for an express
messenger, for I have a letter to send and it is important that it
should go at once."
Holmes spent the evening in rummaging among the files of the old daily
papers with which one of our lumber-rooms was packed. When at last
he descended, it was with triumph in his eyes, but he said nothing to
either of us as to the result of his researches. For my own part, I had
followed step by step the methods by which he had traced the various
windings of this complex case, and, though I could not yet perceive the
goal which we would reach, I understood clearly that Holmes expected
this grotesque criminal to make an attempt upon the two remaining busts,
one of which, I remembered, was at Chiswick. No doubt the object of our
journey was to catch him in the very act, and I could not but admire the
cunning with which my friend had inserted a wrong clue in the evening
paper, so as to give the fellow the idea that he could continue his
scheme with impunity. I was not surprised when Holmes suggested that
I should take my revolver with me. He had himself picked up the loaded
hunting-crop, which was his favourite weapon.
A four-wheeler was at the door at eleven, and in it we drove to a spot
at the other side of Hammersmith Bridge. Here the cabman was directed to
wait. A short walk brought us to a secluded road fringed with pleasant
houses, each standing in its own grounds. In the light of a street
lamp we read "Laburnum Villa" upon the gate-post of one of them. The
occupants had evidently retired to rest, for all was dark save for a
fanlight over the hall door, which shed a single blurred circle on to
the garden path. The wooden fence which separated the grounds from the
road threw a dense black shadow upon the inner side, and here it was
that we crouched.
"I fear that you'll have a long wait," Holmes whispered. "We may thank
our stars that it is not raining. I don't think we can even venture to
smoke to pass the time. However, it's a two to one chance that we get
something to pay us for our trouble."
It proved, however, that our vigil was not to be so long as Holmes had
led us to fear, and it ended in a very sudden and singular fashion. In
an instant, without the least sound to warn us of his coming, the garden
gate swung open, and a lithe, dark figure, as swift and active as an
ape, rushed up the garden path. We saw it whisk past the light thrown
from over the door and disappear against the black shadow of the house.
There was a long pause, during which we held our breath, and then a very
gentle creaking sound came to our ears. The window was being opened. The
noise ceased, and again there was a long silence. The fellow was making
his way into the house. We saw the sudden flash of a dark lantern inside
the room. What he sought was evidently not there, for again we saw the
flash through another blind, and then through another.
"Let us get to the open window. We will nab him as he climbs out,"
Lestrade whispered.
But before we could move, the man had emerged again. As he came out into
the glimmering patch of light, we saw that he carried something white
under his arm. He looked stealthily all round him. The silence of the
deserted street reassured him. Turning his back upon us he laid down
his burden, and the next instant there was the sound of a sharp tap,
followed by a clatter and rattle. The man was so intent upon what he was
doing that he never heard our steps as we stole across the grass plot.
With the bound of a tiger Holmes was on his back, and an instant later
Lestrade and I had him by either wrist, and the handcuffs had been
fastened. As we turned him over I saw a hideous, sallow face, with
writhing, furious features, glaring up at us, and I knew that it was
indeed the man of the photograph whom we had secured.
But it was not our prisoner to whom Holmes was giving his attention.
Squatted on the doorstep, he was engaged in most carefully examining
that which the man had brought from the house. It was a bust of
Napoleon, like the one which we had seen that morning, and it had been
broken into similar fragments. Carefully Holmes held each separate shard
to the light, but in no way did it differ from any other shattered piece
of plaster. He had just completed his examination when the hall lights
flew up, the door opened, and the owner of the house, a jovial, rotund
figure in shirt and trousers, presented himself.
"Mr. Josiah Brown, I suppose?" said Holmes.
"Yes, sir; and you, no doubt, are Mr. Sherlock Holmes? I had the note
which you sent by the express messenger, and I did exactly what you told
me. We locked every door on the inside and awaited developments. Well,
I'm very glad to see that you have got the rascal. I hope, gentlemen,
that you will come in and have some refreshment."
However, Lestrade was anxious to get his man into safe quarters, so
within a few minutes our cab had been summoned and we were all four upon
our way to London. Not a word would our captive say, but he glared at us
from the shadow of his matted hair, and once, when my hand seemed within
his reach, he snapped at it like a hungry wolf. We stayed long enough
at the police-station to learn that a search of his clothing revealed
nothing save a few shillings and a long sheath knife, the handle of
which bore copious traces of recent blood.
"That's all right," said Lestrade, as we parted. "Hill knows all these
gentry, and he will give a name to him. You'll find that my theory of
the Mafia will work out all right. But I'm sure I am exceedingly obliged
to you, Mr. Holmes, for the workmanlike way in which you laid hands upon
him. I don't quite understand it all yet."
"I fear it is rather too late an hour for explanations," said Holmes.
"Besides, there are one or two details which are not finished off, and
it is one of those cases which are worth working out to the very end.
If you will come round once more to my rooms at six o'clock to-morrow, I
think I shall be able to show you that even now you have not grasped the
entire meaning of this business, which presents some features which make
it absolutely original in the history of crime. If ever I permit you
to chronicle any more of my little problems, Watson, I foresee that you
will enliven your pages by an account of the singular adventure of the
Napoleonic busts."
When we met again next evening, Lestrade was furnished with much
information concerning our prisoner. His name, it appeared, was Beppo,
second name unknown. He was a well-known ne'er-do-well among the Italian
colony. He had once been a skilful sculptor and had earned an honest
living, but he had taken to evil courses and had twice already been in
jail--once for a petty theft, and once, as we had already heard, for
stabbing a fellow-countryman. He could talk English perfectly well. His
reasons for destroying the busts were still unknown, and he refused to
answer any questions upon the subject, but the police had discovered
that these same busts might very well have been made by his own hands,
since he was engaged in this class of work at the establishment of
Gelder & Co. To all this information, much of which we already knew,
Holmes listened with polite attention, but I, who knew him so well,
could clearly see that his thoughts were elsewhere, and I detected a
mixture of mingled uneasiness and expectation beneath that mask which
he was wont to assume. At last he started in his chair, and his eyes
brightened. There had been a ring at the bell. A minute later we heard
steps upon the stairs, and an elderly red-faced man with grizzled
side-whiskers was ushered in. In his right hand he carried an
old-fashioned carpet-bag, which he placed upon the table.
"Is Mr. Sherlock Holmes here?"
My friend bowed and smiled. "Mr. Sandeford, of Reading, I suppose?" said
"Yes, sir, I fear that I am a little late, but the trains were awkward.
You wrote to me about a bust that is in my possession."
"Exactly."
"I have your letter here. You said, 'I desire to possess a copy of
Devine's Napoleon, and am prepared to pay you ten pounds for the one
which is in your possession.' Is that right?"
"Certainly."
"I was very much surprised at your letter, for I could not imagine how
you knew that I owned such a thing."
"Of course you must have been surprised, but the explanation is very
simple. Mr. Harding, of Harding Brothers, said that they had sold you
their last copy, and he gave me your address."
"Oh, that was it, was it? Did he tell you what I paid for it?"
"No, he did not."
"Well, I am an honest man, though not a very rich one. I only gave
fifteen shillings for the bust, and I think you ought to know that
before I take ten pounds from you.
"I am sure the scruple does you honour, Mr. Sandeford. But I have named
that price, so I intend to stick to it."
"Well, it is very handsome of you, Mr. Holmes. I brought the bust up
with me, as you asked me to do. Here it is!" He opened his bag, and at
last we saw placed upon our table a complete specimen of that bust which
we had already seen more than once in fragments.
Holmes took a paper from his pocket and laid a ten-pound note upon the
"You will kindly sign that paper, Mr. Sandeford, in the presence of
these witnesses. It is simply to say that you transfer every possible
right that you ever had in the bust to me. I am a methodical man, you
see, and you never know what turn events might take afterwards. Thank
you, Mr. Sandeford; here is your money, and I wish you a very good
evening."
When our visitor had disappeared, Sherlock Holmes's movements were such
as to rivet our attention. He began by taking a clean white cloth from
a drawer and laying it over the table. Then he placed his newly acquired
bust in the centre of the cloth. Finally, he picked up his hunting-crop
and struck Napoleon a sharp blow on the top of the head. The figure
broke into fragments, and Holmes bent eagerly over the shattered
remains. Next instant, with a loud shout of triumph he held up one
splinter, in which a round, dark object was fixed like a plum in a
pudding.
"Gentlemen," he cried, "let me introduce you to the famous black pearl
of the Borgias."
Lestrade and I sat silent for a moment, and then, with a spontaneous
impulse, we both broke at clapping, as at the well-wrought crisis of a
play. A flush of colour sprang to Holmes's pale cheeks, and he bowed to
us like the master dramatist who receives the homage of his audience.
It was at such moments that for an instant he ceased to be a reasoning
machine, and betrayed his human love for admiration and applause. The
same singularly proud and reserved nature which turned away with disdain
from popular notoriety was capable of being moved to its depths by
spontaneous wonder and praise from a friend.
"Yes, gentlemen," said he, "it is the most famous pearl now existing
in the world, and it has been my good fortune, by a connected chain of
inductive reasoning, to trace it from the Prince of Colonna's bedroom at
the Dacre Hotel, where it was lost, to the interior of this, the last
of the six busts of Napoleon which were manufactured by Gelder & Co.,
of Stepney. You will remember, Lestrade, the sensation caused by the
disappearance of this valuable jewel and the vain efforts of the London
police to recover it. I was myself consulted upon the case, but I was
unable to throw any light upon it. Suspicion fell upon the maid of the
Princess, who was an Italian, and it was proved that she had a brother
in London, but we failed to trace any connection between them. The
maid's name was Lucretia Venucci, and there is no doubt in my mind that
this Pietro who was murdered two nights ago was the brother. I have been
looking up the dates in the old files of the paper, and I find that the
disappearance of the pearl was exactly two days before the arrest of
Beppo, for some crime of violence--an event which took place in the
factory of Gelder & Co., at the very moment when these busts were being
made. Now you clearly see the sequence of events, though you see them,
of course, in the inverse order to the way in which they presented
themselves to me. Beppo had the pearl in his possession. He may have
stolen it from Pietro, he may have been Pietro's confederate, he
may have been the go-between of Pietro and his sister. It is of no
consequence to us which is the correct solution.
"The main fact is that he HAD the pearl, and at that moment, when it was
on his person, he was pursued by the police. He made for the factory in
which he worked, and he knew that he had only a few minutes in which to
conceal this enormously valuable prize, which would otherwise be found
on him when he was searched. Six plaster casts of Napoleon were drying
in the passage. One of them was still soft. In an instant Beppo, a
skilful workman, made a small hole in the wet plaster, dropped in the
pearl, and with a few touches covered over the aperture once more. It
was an admirable hiding-place. No one could possibly find it. But Beppo
was condemned to a year's imprisonment, and in the meanwhile his six
busts were scattered over London. He could not tell which contained his
treasure. Only by breaking them could he see. Even shaking would tell
him nothing, for as the plaster was wet it was probable that the pearl
would adhere to it--as, in fact, it has done. Beppo did not despair, and
he conducted his search with considerable ingenuity and perseverance.
Through a cousin who works with Gelder, he found out the retail firms
who had bought the busts. He managed to find employment with Morse
Hudson, and in that way tracked down three of them. The pearl was not
there. Then, with the help of some Italian employee, he succeeded in
finding out where the other three busts had gone. The first was at
Harker's. There he was dogged by his confederate, who held Beppo
responsible for the loss of the pearl, and he stabbed him in the scuffle
which followed."
"If he was his confederate, why should he carry his photograph?" I
asked.
"As a means of tracing him, if he wished to inquire about him from any
third person. That was the obvious reason. Well, after the murder
I calculated that Beppo would probably hurry rather than delay his
movements. He would fear that the police would read his secret, and so
he hastened on before they should get ahead of him. Of course, I could
not say that he had not found the pearl in Harker's bust. I had not even
concluded for certain that it was the pearl, but it was evident to me
that he was looking for something, since he carried the bust past
the other houses in order to break it in the garden which had a lamp
overlooking it. Since Harker's bust was one in three, the chances were
exactly as I told you--two to one against the pearl being inside it.
There remained two busts, and it was obvious that he would go for the
London one first. I warned the inmates of the house, so as to avoid a
second tragedy, and we went down, with the happiest results. By that
time, of course, I knew for certain that it was the Borgia pearl that we
were after. The name of the murdered man linked the one event with the
other. There only remained a single bust--the Reading one--and the pearl
must be there. I bought it in your presence from the owner--and there it
lies."
We sat in silence for a moment.
"Well," said Lestrade, "I've seen you handle a good many cases, Mr.
Holmes, but I don't know that I ever knew a more workmanlike one than
that. We're not jealous of you at Scotland Yard. No, sir, we are very
proud of you, and if you come down to-morrow, there's not a man, from
the oldest inspector to the youngest constable, who wouldn't be glad to
shake you by the hand."
"Thank you!" said Holmes. "Thank you!" and as he turned away, it seemed
to me that he was more nearly moved by the softer human emotions than I
had ever seen him. A moment later he was the cold and practical thinker
once more. "Put the pearl in the safe, Watson," said he, "and get out
the papers of the Conk-Singleton forgery case. Good-bye, Lestrade. If
any little problem comes your way, I shall be happy, if I can, to give
you a hint or two as to its solution."
Next: The Adventure Of The Three Students
Previous: The Adventure Of Charles Augustus Milverton
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A jury is a sworn body of people convened to render an impartial verdict (a finding of fact on a question) officially submitted to them by a court, or to set a penalty or judgment. Modern juries tend to be found in courts to ascertain the guilt, or lack thereof, in a crime. In Anglophone jurisdictions, the verdict may be guilty, not guilty, or (in Scotland) not proven. Juries are composed of jurors (also sometimes known as jurymen), who are by definition layman finders of fact, not professionals.
The old institution of grand juries still exists in some places, particularly the United States, to investigate whether enough evidence of a crime exists to bring someone to trial.
The jury arrangement has evolved out of the earliest juries, which were found in early medieval England. Members were supposed to inform themselves of crimes and then of the details of the crimes. Their function was therefore closer to that of a grand jury than that of a jury in a trial.
Read more about Jury: Etymology, Types of Jury, Composition, Historical Roots, Trial Jury Size, Role, Jury Nullification, Jury Equity, Non-trial Juries, Jury Selection, Jury Behavior, Jury Effectiveness
Other articles related to "jury":
Juke Box Jury - Cultural References
... Juke Box Jury has a history of being parodied, the format has been used a number of times for other programmes In 1959 the BBC refused Tommy Steele permission to use David Jacobs in a Juke Box Jury comedy ... Benny Hill parodied the show as 'Soap Box Jury' on a show for the BBC on 4 March 1961 ... Burke Adams Tea-Time Three', who have a record judged a hit on Juke Box Jury, in the programme The Face of Enthusiasm, part of his comedy series The Faces of Jim ...
Jury Effectiveness - Buffering Effects
... Jurors, like most individuals, are not free from holding social and cognitive biases ... Oftentimes people negatively judge individuals who do not adhere to established social norms (e.g ...
Eurosong '06 - Final
... Final – 9 March 2006 Draw Song Singer Jury Radio 2 Radio Donna Press Jury German Jury Israeli Jury Polish Jury Televoters Total Place 1 Barbara Dex "Crazy" 9. 33 ... Each international jury consisted of eight - 8 - members, four random viewers and four music experts ...
Eurosong '06 - Quarter-finals - Quarter-final 2
... Quarter-final 2 – 15 January 2006 Draw Artist Song Jury Radio 2 Radio Donna Press Jury Televoters Total Place 1 Casa Creola "Easy esta noche" 14. 6th 2 Afi "Not That Beautiful" 36. 3rd 3 ...
Famous quotes containing the word jury:
“The thing with Catholicism, the same as all religions, is that it teaches what should be, which seems rather incorrect. This is “what should be.” Now, if you’re taught to live up to a “what should be” that never existed—only an occult superstition, no proof of this “should be”Mthen you can sit on a jury and indict easily, you can cast the first stone, you can burn Adolf Eichmann, like that!”
—Lenny Bruce (1925–1966)
“He could not have been tried by a jury of his peers, because his peers did not exist.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
“I’m no idealist to believe firmly in the integrity of our courts and in the jury system—that is no ideal to me, it is a living, working reality. Gentlemen, a court is no better than each man of you sitting before me on this jury. A court is only as sound as its jury, and a jury is only as sound as the men who make it up.”
—Harper Lee (b. 1926)
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October 29th March/Rally To Support Veterans Benefits Planned at California State Capitol 'Today’s Military Will Become Tomorrow's Veteran'
Veterans, Military Families, Service Providers, and Supporters from across Northern California will be participating in a March and Rally to support Veterans Benefits at the California State Capitol on October 29th. The rally has been organized as a non-partisan statement of support for America’s more than 25 million veterans, their families, and the service providers who care for them.
Sacramento (PRWEB) October 24, 2005
Veterans, Military Families, Service Providers, and Supporters from across Northern California will be participating in a March and Rally to support Veterans Benefits at the California State Capitol on October 29th. The rally has been organized as a non-partisan statement of support for America’s more than 25 million veterans, their families, and the service providers who care for them. Veterans Leaders from across California will speak about the myriad of challenges currently faced by veterans nationwide -- including healthcare, housing, employment, family support, and mental health. The rally will focus on the need to de-politicize VA Healthcare Funding, protect and improve VA Benefit programs, address service gaps and barriers to care, improve outreach, and the need for all Americans -- government, non-profit service providers, families, businesses, and communities alike -- to take responsibility for ensuring that “no veteran is left behind.”
WHO/INTERVIEW OPPORTUNITIES: Numerous Veterans Leaders, Service Providers, Military Families, and Supporters. Speakers Include:
Rep. Pete McCloskey (Retired)
Col. Jim Cook, USMC Ret.
Lt Col. Charles Brown, USAF Ret.
Ken Holybee, State President, Vietnam Veterans of America
Representative of VFW Dept. of CA
Roger Scovill, AmVets of California
Gary Ross, American Legion Department of CA
Jesse Garcia, Blind Veterans Association
Greg McNeil, Vietnam Veterans of America Chapter 500
Ben Fewell, Director, Vietnam Veterans of California Homeless Programs, Eureka
Todd Stenhouse, National Veterans Foundation
WHAT: MARCH/RALLY TO SUPPORT VETERANS BENEFITS
WHERE: STATE CAPITOL, SACRAMENTO (NORTH STEPS)
WHEN: SATURDAY, OCTOBER 29, 9:30 a.m.-11:30a.m.
MARCH STARTS AT 9:30, RALLY/PROGRAM 10:00-11:30
Don Harper
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Rhetoric, Authenticity, and the Transformation of the Self
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2017 Reds 2nd round pick Stuart Fairchild, OF Wake Forest
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Thread: 2017 Reds 2nd round pick Stuart Fairchild, OF Wake Forest
Tom Servo
Re: 2017 Reds 2nd round pick Stuart Fairchild, OF Wake Forest
Originally Posted by Benihana
I don't know, it's tough for me to separate him out from previous college tweeners that Buckley tends to fall in love with. He just seems to have such a similar scouting report, and it's not just Jeff Gelalich (although I think the comp is real). It's Ryan LaMarre. It's Phil Ervin too. I just don't have confidence in Buckley's ability to identify these college OF that could pass for CF but are likely better suited in a corner, if only their bat could profile well there.
Fairchild hit more HRs in his college career than any of Gelalich, LaMarre, and Ervin, and hit more HRs this year than Gelalich hit in his entire college career.
I also fundamentally don't think LaMarre and Ervin were bad picks. They had plenty of talent, LaMarre just couldn't put it all together and Ervin is struggling with the same thing.
“I don’t care,” Votto said of passing his friend and former teammate. “He’s in the past. Bye-bye, Jay.”
OGB (06-13-2017)
Originally Posted by lollipopcurve
When it's at the back of the first round and beyond, your odds of finding a starting caliber OF with any single pick are not great. He's drafted Winker (who is almost universally considered a future starter here) and Billy Hamilton. I think your expectations that the scouts should hit more than they miss on these selections is a bit unreasonable.
Winker and Hamilton were both HS players, and I think there is a big difference. It's well documented on here that I'm a much bigger advocate of targeting HS players when it comes to OF, because I think there is a lot more to project/dream on. Winker had a very well developed bat, one of the strongest in the entire draft class, and was known to be a weak defender. I loved that pick - even at the time.
Same for Hamilton (I loved the pick), who was an all-everything athlete with generational speed and athleticism, just questions about whether or not he could hit - but he could definitely play a premium defensive position and play it well above average.
The beef I have is when you select guys in the top 50 that don't seem to have an impact tool, nor do they seem to have an impact position. Guys that could pass in the middle of the diamond maybe, but likely end up in a corner. Guys who have passable offensive skills, but big questions as to whether or not they can hit enough for a corner. These guys are tweeners, and especially when you're taking a college tweener, there is not enough projection left to dream on, nor is there enough time. The guys have to perform and they have to do it soon, but they likely don't have good enough tools to do so. That's why we've seen them all washout.
And I don't think pick 38 is too low to expect/want to get someone who can be an impact player/major league starter. The odds may be slightly against it, but I like to aim high enough that you don't have to squint too hard to see it. There were guys like Drew Waters, Mark Vientos and Sam Carlson still on the board when the pick was made. Now some on here will say "you can't go all upside" or "you need to have a safe pick" or "you can't afford to pay three high schoolers" but all of that remains to be seen - I could argue that Fairchild is far from a "safe pick" or a high floor guy, as we've seen with the Gelaliches/LaMarres/Ervins, who will never really contribute to a major league team. And while I don't know the bonus demands of some of these guys, frequently they will surprise you what some of them will be willing to sign for - I bet Fairchild signs for more than at least one of Waters/Vientos/Carlson, just like Okey did last year.
Last edited by Benihana; 06-13-2017 at 11:34 AM.
Go BLUE!!!
REDREAD (06-13-2017)
Originally Posted by Patrick Bateman
Its definitely a risk anytime you take a player where the biggest question is whether he will be able to hit with a wooden bat. As Benihana has shown, Buckley has a pattern in running into that problem.
Ervin actually excelled with a wooden bat, he tore up Cape Cod. LaMarre scuffled there like Fairchild did.
marcshoe (06-13-2017)
fearofpopvol1
I'm still not sold on this pick, but I've warmed up some to it. It just seems like when the Reds draft position players with questionable K/BB ratios, it doesn't usually end well. I do think Fairchild, on paper, looks better than some of the past guys he's being compared to though.
I think if he ends up being Drew Stubbs that would be a very good outcome. And I think I like his glove better than Stubbs (who is overrated in the field) too.
Originally Posted by Tom Servo
LaMarre was a bad pick. I knew it at the time, and I said it right here. Trust me, I'm a Michigan guy and I want nothing more than to see fellow Wolverines succeed. But I also know the baseball program there very well, and I was disappointed in the pick.
To me it's pretty clear - everyone has a soft spot, or an Achillies heel, for something. For Jim Bowden (and arguably me too) it was five tool outfielders. For Krivsky it was relievers. For Dusty it was veterans. For Buckley, it's the gym rat, all around solid college tweener that doesn't have an impact tool. As I said earlier, let's hope he finally lands one that succeeds in Fairchild.
Buckley also seems to have the same for college relievers, which I expect we'll hear more than one called today.
M2 (06-13-2017),Screwball (06-14-2017)
marcshoe
I've been advocating upside, even if it means high risk, for the top pick, and the Reds rewarded me there. The supplemental pick seems safer, but this one is in the same high risk/high reward category. I don't mind, particularly given that the reward may include significant power. Not all power prospects thrive with the Reds, but many, such as Schebler, do. You have to take some chances in the draft, otherwise there's a danger of obtaining safe mediocrity. After some thought (and reading), I'm fine with this pick.
“[Reading] is the sole means by which we slip, involuntarily, often helplessly, into another's skin, another's voice, another's soul" -- Joyce Carol Oates
This is what you said, in the thread you started on LaMarre after he was drafted...
Obviously, I love to get another Wolverine playing in the Reds system. While I don't love his ceiling and I'm not sure where he fits in given the presence of Stubbs and Heisey on the big league team and guys like Yorman, Sappelt, and Fellhauer in the minors, I like the fact that he's signable (after taking Grandal) and good value at #62.
All in all, he strikes me as a Twins type of pick- similiar to a Denard Span or Ben Revere.
I'm not sure that screams didn't like the pick and disappointed, especially if you were comparing him to Span. Maybe you were unsure or maybe you wanted someone else, but that's a bit different.
And in early 2011, you had LaMarre ranked as the 4th best prospect in the Reds system saying, "a runner-up for my breakout candidate of the year."
I'm not posting these to call out or anything, but I'm just trying to show that picking players is hard. Really hard. There's a lot of unknowns no matter who you pick outside of the first round.
*BaseClogger* (06-13-2017)
WrongVerb
TyrannoSuarez Wrecks
This is pretty eerie:
Batting Statistics Comparison
Player Pos Years Range Level G AB R H 2B 3B HR RBI SB CS BB SO HBP IBB SH SF GDP AVG OBP SLG OPS R/PA HR/PA RBI/PA SB/PA BB/SO
Phil Ervin OF 2011-2013 NCAA 176 669 157 230 47 5 25 133 44 8 87 92 22 1 5 9 .344 .433 .541 974 0.199 0.032 0.169 0.056 0.95
Stuart Fairchild RF 2015-2017 NCAA 174 675 145 225 52 4 27 155 46 10 86 131 26 3 10 17 .333 .423 .542 965 0.180 0.033 0.192 0.057 0.66
Originally Posted by Bourgeois Zee
It's really difficult to believe an administration with a track record for both lying and graft.
Brutus (06-14-2017)
Originally Posted by fearofpopvol1
That's fair. I was very excited to have a Wolverine, I just didn't love his profile. You're right, in my youthful days I was more optimistic and rosy-eyed than I am now, where I'll come out and blast a move if I don't like it right away (see Alfredo Rodriguez signing). But compare that post to any of the other new draftee posts I made in that era, and I think you'll see it was fairly negative. There are also a fair number of Ryan LaMarre discussion I've been involved in over the years on this board, and you'll see my take got increasingly negative.
"Good value" because of signability at pick 62 is also a lot different than what you should target at pick 38, especially when there is a ton of talent still on the board. But yeah, I believe at the time I wanted Yordy Cabrera with that pick, who amounted to basically nothing (currently 26 and still in AA). So I agree that picking players is hard.
Last edited by Benihana; 06-13-2017 at 12:13 PM.
fearofpopvol1 (06-13-2017)
Tony Cloninger
Originally Posted by WrongVerb
I said in another thread, my impression is that he's a rich man's Chris Heisey. I don't say that as a slam, but as a compliment. Heisey made a major league career out of being a 4th OFer with some pop and speed. That's what I would expect from a 2nd rounder. Anything more will be gravy.
I think you should be able to expect more than just a 4th OF as the best you can do from a pick in the first 50 rounds. However a Heisey like career is not bad. It's better than a Ryan LaMarre or Chad Mottola but you can expect more and like the earlier poster analyzed very well Buckley does not have much of a track record in these rounds. I do not know why they struggle to develop these players to more than what their potential is but they have not even developed bench players out of those picks. Or a lot of those picks. There is still time for Ervin.
REDREAD
Where's my chair?
DocRed posted this link in on the Day 1 draft thread.. I am going to pull a quote which will hopefully give people optimism about Fairchild:
https://baseballdraftreport.com/tag/stuart-fairchild/
I think every one of these guys has been covered by now with the exception of Stuart Fairchild. The Wake Forest center fielder has one of this year’s most well-rounded skill sets. Averages dot his card with above-averages within range (perhaps a plus for speed) depending on how much you like him. Fairchild is also one of this class’s “great approach, hasn’t really shown it” types. Everybody who has seen him has raved to me about his pitch recognition, ability to spoil good pitchers’s pitches, and general knowledge of the strike zone, but his BB/K ratios have been up (39/42 last year) and down (18/40 as a freshman, 22/37 so far this year) throughout his college career. Count me in as a believer that the results will catch up to his talent in pro ball. Fairchild has the ceiling of a first-division regular in center with a mature enough present skill set that seems too strong across the board to result in a complete flame out. In English, I like both his ceiling and floor quite a bit.
Nov. 13, 2007: One of the greatest days in Reds history: John Allen gets the boot!
Counterpoint: The ACC is a lot tougher than the Southern Conference.
lollipopcurve (06-13-2017),OGB (06-13-2017),SoTxRedsFan (06-13-2017),WrongVerb (06-13-2017)
lollipopcurve
The irony here is that Fairchild is pretty good across all 5 tools. You seem to be squinting to see some kind of "Buckley pattern" overshadowing this pick, IMO.
Yes, everyone has soft spots -- including me (two-way players) and you. You're all negative on the Phil Ervin pick, but do you remember the toolsy OF you really wanted that year? I do, because we debated him vs Ervin.
Let's see how Fairchild plays out before we judge him.
"Baseball is a very, very complex business. It's more of a people business than most businesses." - Bob Castellini
OGB (06-13-2017),RiverRat13 (06-13-2017)
Fair enough. Which should make us question the Ervin pick even more. If those are good ACC numbers, then they're pedestrian for the Southern Conference.
I'll note but not criticize the Reds for selecting Ervin 5 picks before Aaron Judge.
Austin Wilson? Loved that guy. Too bad he went to Stanford and they ruined his swing, like they do with basically everyone.
Because you asked, I went back and looked at what I posted the day we drafted Phil Ervin. Kinda eerie, if you ask me:
The "experts" seem to love him. Both Sickels and Callis list him as one of their favorite players. The anchor on MLB Network said he was his absolute favorite player in this draft, comparing his defense to Denard Span and his swing to Andrew McCutcheon.
He is also a great athlete with phenomenal bat speed.
That all sounds great.
What scares me is his lack of any great tool - the fact that he is a very good "all-around" player. That gives me nightmares of Ryan LaMarre. I hope they're just that - nightmares, and not reality. I've also compared him to an OF version of Rickie Weeks. Hopefully he has better success.
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One Verdict
Posted on September 9, 2011 by Mitch Berg
Joe Doakes of Como Park writes:
Pass This Bill?
Okay, Let’s Do It. Hey you, Mr. Clerk of the House, what’s the File Number of the President’s jobs bill? Let’s call it up right now and take a vote.
Huh? There isn’t a House File number? Why not?
What do you mean the bill hasn’t been written, yet? He just called on us to pass it, a dozen times.
The President is going to start writing the jobs bill next week?
Then why in Hell did we have to listen to his speech last night? Why the hoo-haw about scheduling the speech on the night of the Republican debate, the hysterics about rescheduling it to the night of the Packers game, the wailing about the discourtesy of Republicans not responding to the speech, not even attending, when in the end it turns out the Republicans were right all along – there’s no point in responding, there’s no point in even attending, because there’s NO BILL TO PASS.
This entire episode was empty hot air from an empty suit. Worse than Carter, which I wouldn’t have believed possible.
Worst. President. Ever.
It’s always tempting to run a poll – but a poll with only two options is kinda anticlimactic.
This entry was posted in Business, The Economy and The Markets, President Obama by Mitch Berg. Bookmark the permalink.
30 thoughts on “One Verdict”
Kermit on September 9, 2011 at 1:58 pm said:
Our president plainly stated last night that “This not political grandstanding”, while standing in front of a joint session of Congress. If you can’t believe Obama, who can you believe?
angryclown on September 9, 2011 at 2:16 pm said:
Don’t mind Joe Dopes. He’s on his period.
Dave Thul on September 9, 2011 at 2:48 pm said:
Pass it today? Bite your tongue. Candidate Obama promised 5 days of sunshine between passage by Congress and his signature on every bill that comes before President Obama.
Write it next week, tweak it the week after, pass something close to it in early October, then the sunshine, then the implementation…
Is it just me, or does this seem like a soap opera ‘crisis’ episode where they put all sorts of boring filler in to keep you on the edge of your seat?
AC, what would you be saying if Bush said to pass a bill he hadn’t bother to write yet? At least when he told Congress to pass something he had something already written on paper
In crayon.
Scott Hughes on September 9, 2011 at 3:00 pm said:
Barry will get to writing his Jobs Bill as soon as he and the 111th Congress finish their Budget Bill…..pfft!!!
Not everyone was fortunate enough to go to clown college. The degree in balloon animals doesn’t really prepeare one for the real world. That’s why intelligent points confuse and frighten angryclown. The urgent need to flail about with randomly moronic comments soothes his troubled mind.
bosshoss429 on September 9, 2011 at 3:22 pm said:
It doesn’t matter what it was written in, clown boy. At least he wrote one!
Really AC that’s what you got for a comeback? Come on man you are losing your touch.
Night Writer on September 9, 2011 at 4:20 pm said:
Look, he was able to get Obamacare passed without anyone reading it (and Pelosi saying we had to pass it to find out what was in it). It makes sense just to skip that whole writing stuff down step in the first place. I mean, it worked for him on his college classes and at the Harvard Law Review, so why get picky now? Just pass the notion and let his czars and regulators figure out how to implement it.
And Obama said “pass this bill” in one form or another 18 times during a speech lasting less than 40 minutes. He was trying to hypnotize those eeevil Republicans.
I halfway expected him to wave his hand near the end of the speech and say ‘this is the jobs bill you are looking for’. We might have been screwed, because clearly jedi Mind tricks work on Congress.
I am in Northern Wisconsin today and decided to tune into Wisconsin Public Radio (classic rock gets old after a while). The radio host interviewed a Political Science professor from UW-Stevens Point to discuss Obamas plan. Apparently talking to an Econ prof did not cross their mind.
Listening to these two…..the amount of blindness is incredible. They said that both parties had nothing but respect for the President, no matter who was in office, until now. Apparently both of these people were asleep during Bush 43s term. And Bush 41. And Reagan…I mean Bonzo’s term.
Stayed with friends last night and skimmed through the last weeks Eau Claire paper….the editorial page. Read the letters to the editors. As far as I can tell, Wisconsin Democrats are really into conspiracy theories. In the past week, there were about 7 letters going into how some unnamed out of state people who control Governor Walker and have ordered him to make the decisions he has.
Terry on September 9, 2011 at 7:22 pm said:
You’ll have to forgive Mr. Clown. He voted for Obama and even bragged, after Obama was sworn in, that “the smart guys were in charge now”.
The shame of that memory must have unhinged him.
Part of the American Jobs Act is a measure “Prohibiting employers from discriminating against unemployed workers when hiring.”
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/09/08/fact-sheet-american-jobs-act
A gift to the grievance lawyers! Way to go Obama! That’ll convince businesses to hire!
What a dolt. According to Dana Milbank — hardly a conservative — the GOP representatives he needs to pass this bill openly laughed at Obama during his speech, and Reid had to schedule important votes before & after the speech to get Republican senators to show up at all: http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-irrelevancy-of-the-obama-presidency/2011/09/09/gIQA6WKvDK_story.html
The “American Jobs Act” will be DOA. It took just 2.5 years for Obama to become the most ineffectual president since Carter.
Everyone knows you wingnut extremists would rather see the country fail than increase Obama’s reelection chances even marginally, Terrorist Terry. No one is fooled.
Terry on September 9, 2011 at 10:59 pm said:
Y’know, Angry Clown, I was thinking about dear ol’ Rush the other day.
Almost all the other right wing radio people I can think of got their start doing something else. Levin, Hewitt, and Ingraham were government lawyers in the Reagan years. Medved was a film critic and writer. Michael Savage was some kind of biologist.
Rush has been a radio guy his entire life. That’s all he’s done. Just radio. Glenn Beck, too.
And Limbaugh & Beck are kicking Obama’s ass.
Your “smart guys” are outmatched by a pair of college drop outs.
Ain’t America a grand place? I wouldn’t live anywhere else.
angryclown on September 10, 2011 at 6:11 am said:
Gee Terry, that’s informative. Any information on the background of Father Coughlin? Tokyo Rose?
Kermit on September 10, 2011 at 8:30 am said:
Angryclown belched “Everyone knows you wingnut extremists would rather see the country fail than increase Obama’s reelection chances even marginally”.
Well let’s take a look at this accusation using something the clown is unfamiliar with: logic. Since the country is failing miserably after 2.5 years of an Obama regime, with analysts predicting no real recovery in the near future, It stands to reason that four more years of Obama will make the country fail even more than it has under his sterling leadership. Ergo, clown’s assertion is (as always), 180 degrees out of phase. We “extremists wingnuts” (refer to Bergs dictionary for “extremist”) don’t want Obama reelected because we want the country to succeed.
Mr. D on September 10, 2011 at 10:14 am said:
Any information on the background of Father Coughlin?
Nothing quite like a namecheck that goes back 75 years. Angryclown is nothing if not a hepcat that way. But take heart, Clownie — there’s a pretty good chance the Republicans will come up with a modern-day Alf Landon to run against our universally beloved president in the next cycle. So all will be well in your world.
nate on September 10, 2011 at 11:08 am said:
AC’s favorite was President Nixon, because he proclaimed the week of August 1-7, 1971, to be “Clown Week,” but now is President Obama because with him it’s Clown Week all the time.
Terry on September 10, 2011 at 11:48 am said:
I know all about Rose & Coughlin! There on the Wikipedia list of people that are smarter than Barrack Hussein Obama along with Glenn Beck and Rush Limbaugh!
Srah Palin
Tokyo Rose
Father Coughlin
Trig Palin
Ouch! Those last two have gotta hurt!
swiftee on September 10, 2011 at 12:53 pm said:
Bitter, defeated leftist ass wipes like AssClown troll conservative comment threads hoping some Teabaggers will stop by, so he can floss the shit taco Barry has been serving out from between his buck-teeth with a stiff conservative sack.
Suck it Clown.
Chuck on September 10, 2011 at 11:42 pm said:
Father Cloughlin was a big Roosevelt supporter.
Troy on September 12, 2011 at 11:16 am said:
This is so sad, angryclown. What is it with all the distractions and name calling?
This is the best you can do when people say your “smart guy” stinks on ice?
I guess it is.
justplainangry on September 12, 2011 at 11:31 am said:
Precedent had already been set by “You have to pass it to see what’s in it”.
Bills? We don’t need no stinking Bills! Expect constitutional scholar Barry to run the rest of his term by executive order.
angryclown on September 12, 2011 at 7:44 pm said:
Trojan Man, fear not. It doesn’t bother Angryclown when morons disagree with him. Say something intelligent for a change, and then Angryclown will start to worry.
bubbasan on September 12, 2011 at 9:31 pm said:
Obama’s got a plan. He’s going to invest more money in “Solyndra.”
Troy on September 13, 2011 at 4:29 am said:
Oh angryclown. That would require some faith that you could recognize “something intelligent”, and you’ve given me no reason to expect that.
To my point: still no “intelligent” defense of your “smart guy”?
Yeah, I thought not.
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Because sometimes the most important orbit is the Beltway…
« Space policy and topsy-turvy political philosophy
Congress as rocket designers »
Congress, Other
Tax breaks and other incentives
By Jeff Foust on 2010 August 17 at 7:31 am ET
Sen. Bill Nelson (D-FL) is expected to announced today legislation that would provide tax brakes for the commercial space industry. The Commercial Space Jobs and Investment Act would establish up to five enterprise zones around the country where businesses involved in the commercial space industry could get a variety of tax breaks or credits; the legislation would also provide tax credits for investment in such companies (the credits would be valued at 20 percent of their investment, which would have to remain in place for five years, according to the AP.)
The legislation faces two major challenges. One is that there’s no offset for the cost of the legislation, which would depend on just how many companies and investors take advantage of the bill. The second is that Nelson is introducing the bill very late in the current Congress: given the limited time left this year, even with a lame-duck session after November’s elections, it seems at first glance unlikely that the bill would make it through unless attached to other legislation.
In addition to Nelson’s legislation, details are emerging about the plan to provide $40 million in support to the Space Coast to help offset job losses and other economic impacts from the retirement of the shuttle. President Obama, who announced the funding in his April 15th speech at the Kennedy Space Center, asked for a plan by August 15th. Most of that money, $35 million, will go for grants to support businesses in several markets, including aviation, clean energy, homeland security, information technology and life sciences. The other $5 million would be for a proposed FAA commercial space center at Cape Canaveral, few details of which were disclosed. More details about the plan are due out today.
72 comments to Tax breaks and other incentives
amightywind
Tax breaks. Fine. More corporate welfare for government picked winners like Elon Musk. How about cutting the corporate tax across the board? How about making the Bush tax cuts permanent? How about slashing spending and rescinding the stimulus? If Obama and the liberals do these things their problems with the economy will vanish. But they won’t do it because their first goal is wealth redistribution, not economic growth. In the long term, they are screwed. Until they are replaced we are all saddled with a pathetic economy.
Stephen C. Smith
Senator Nelson published this opinion article in today’s Florida Today . The paper also has this article on President Obama’s space industry task force recommendations for the Space Coast.
I have to wonder whether Nelson’s proposal was part of the Senate compromise to reduce commercial funding, and that they’ll support it if it’s in a separate bill.
Ben Russell-Gough
IIRC, the software industry has had a waiver from legal liabilities since the 1980s. Perhaps something similar could be arranged for commercial space? A sort of “If they’re stupid enough to ride on the tin can, they’re on their own” act.
Max Peck
Slow day for space news…
Nothing to see here folks… move along…move along…
Robert G. Oler
amightywind wrote @ August 17th, 2010 at 8:37 am
Tax breaks. Fine. More corporate welfare for government picked winners like Elon Musk. How about cutting the corporate tax across the board? How about making the Bush tax cuts permanent? How about slashing spending and rescinding the stimulus? If Obama and the liberals do these things their problems with the economy will vanish..
if that were accurate the last days of the Bush administration would have been filled with glorious economic news instead of the taxpayer bailout of the banks.
Brian Paine
OK Max I’m moving…can’t buy a good argument these days.
Robert G. Oler wrote @ August 17th, 2010 at 10:38 am
George W. Bush served ably and well. The nation is beset by grave difficulties. We must expect more from our leadership than ‘its Bush’s fault’ after 20 months. We were led to expect more.
@amightywind
Yes windy and the falcon 9 didn’t make it to orbit and you’re the victim here. Right?
What a troll.
Coastal Ron
amightywind wrote @ August 17th, 2010 at 11:27 am
“George W. Bush served ably and well. The nation is beset by grave difficulties. We must expect more from our leadership than ‘its Bush’s fault’ after 20 months.”
But really, if tax cuts for the rich were supposed to fill the Treasury coffers, then how did Bush, who inherited a budget surplus, end up giving us the largest budget deficit in our nations history? Tax cuts for the rich sure didn’t seem to make a difference, and since Bush veto’d the fewest bills since Warren Harding, you can’t blame it on Congress.
If tax cuts for the rich work, then where is the proof?
I concur that one should expect more from the leadership then “it was the other persons fault”…and have said that since the right wing started blaming Clinton for 9/11 trying to excuse Bush and his 8 (OK give him a break) 7 months of bungling as OBL and Atta closed the deal on their plot.
Leadership is about acknowledging where one is when one “takes the decK” and working to make the situation better. It is fair to say “I had to do this or that because of these circumstances” but the inherited circumstances do not alleviate the judgment on “the cure” that has been prescribed.
The nation is beset of grave ills, and most if not all of them stem from Bush’s eight years of “leadership” and dealing with circumstances…and to be fair I dont think that Obama has, in the grave issues of our time made them better.
Nor will simply going back and doing what Bush did to get us into this mess fix things.
The Space program under Bush pretty much illustrates his entire administration . Great rhetoric but no real follow through. Mike Griffin had a clean piece of paper, a fresh goal and he floundered. Why? He did what the Administration tried to do in almost every aspect; run an old playbook with no real idea of how to make it either work or fit into modern circumstances.
Just as Bush tried to use cold war tactics to play into this centuries problems, Griffin tried to redo Apollo this time bigger, and redo it without the overriding political background or the competency of NASA that existed in the 60’s.
Weather mindless tax cuts or reaction to 9/11 the entire effort of Bush was to replay Ronaldus the Greats administration in very very different circumstances. And that is the entire thrust right now of the GOP…I cannot tell you how often I hear someone who supports this or that GOP candidate say “he/she is the new Ronald Reagan”. Nutty.
We are in a new era with new challenges that require new thinking. If the notions of unpaid for tax cuts or one bailout after another would have solved things then Bush would have left town with a booming economy instead of one headed for the toliet.
If one war after another would redeem 9/11 then we would have in 7-6 years bought our way out of that…
If redoing Apollo was going to work, Ares would be flying now instead of inept suborbital hops.
I dont think Obama has done particularly well, and have been among his sharpest critics in general here and on other forums. But we are in this mess because Bush took an America that was prosperous and at peace and left it where it was.
To advocate the policies that did that transition, is like your statements about the Falcon 9 second stage…uninformed rhetoric. And about on par with the bomb throwing that newt is doing on the mosque issue. Just designed to incite arguments…not fuel solutions.
Coastal Ron wrote @ August 17th, 2010 at 11:59 am
who inherited a budget surplus, end up giving us the largest budget deficit in our nations history?
It started with the Clinton recession and the dot com bust. That brought the budget back to par. Then the security oversights of the Clinton came home to roost on 9/11 and Bush had to mop them up in Iraq and Afghanistan. Finally the current spendthrift democrat majority in congress took office in 2006. QED.
The Man’s name is Ronald Reagan. Let’s try to project ahead a little. Lets crank up capital gains and income taxes on the naughty rich. (How dare they!) Will it make the ‘hiring class’ any more likely to create jobs? 20 months of our dalliance with Bolshevism says no. Unemployment stays at ruinous levels. The stock markets (and union pension funds) tank, state budgets continue to hemorrhage red ink, and we have a free market revolution complete with regulation book burning in 2012. But we do have social justice in the meantime.
Robert G. Oler wrote:
And about on par with the bomb throwing that newt is doing on the mosque issue.
And a very successful issue it is. We cannot allow Islamists to erect victory shrines on our hallowed ground. They have done this throughout history. Not this time. The very name of the structure ‘Cordoba House’ celebrates the muslim conquests of Spain. I would sooner celebrate their defeats.
amightywind wrote @ August 17th, 2010 at 1:06 pm
lol the FAlcon 9 second stage spinning out of control.
The entire “Cordoba” thing is a fantasy of the right wing spun on by Newt Gringrich who knows better but is trying to out Palin Palin.
The right wing always does this when it cannot sustain a debate on the issues…from debating Freedom Fries instead of what became the Iraq invasion to “Death Palins…oh sorry Panels” to one stupid slogan after another (including Michelle Malkin self describing “anchor baby” …she is one) the right wing is good at distorting history.
And like the Falcon 9 second stage spinning out of control…you are part of that.
amightywind wrote @ August 17th, 2010 at 12:57 pm
you wrote this…
. Then the security oversights of the Clinton came home to roost on 9/11
after writing this
“I concur that one should expect more from the leadership then “it was the other persons fault”
really goofy
you are a troll.
and I dont say that lightly. I like free spirited debate, and am known to give a tough shot or two myself…
but when you contradict your own self.
Death Palins…oh sorry Panels” to one stupid slogan after another (including Michelle Malkin self describing “anchor baby” …she is one) the right wing is good at distorting history.
Your misogyny puts you in good company with the islamists.
Jeff Foust
Please keep the discussion on topic to the original post. (Hint: “Death Palins” and “victory shrines” are not on topic.) Thank you for your anticipated cooperation.
Jeff Foust wrote @ August 17th, 2010 at 2:05 pm
hint taken
Marcel F. Williams
If we really want to kick start the private commercial manned spaceflight industry in this country then the Federal government should start a Space Lotto system so that the rest of us can get a chance to fly into space.
There’s no doubt in my mind that there are hundreds of millions of Americans in the US and billions of people around the world who would be willing to spend a few dollars every year for a chance to fly aboard a NASA certified private commercial spacecraft. Plus I think most Americans would enjoy seeing average Janes and Joes flying into orbit.
byeman
“NASA certified private commercial spacecraft”
that is the issue, it is not NASA’s job to certify commercial spacecraft. The FAA deals with commercial spacecraft. Nor is it NASA’s job to run lotteries.
byeman wrote @ August 17th, 2010 at 3:26 pm
Good points, and Marcel’s idea could be implemented by any of the New Space companies (if running a private lottery is even legal, that is).
However, most of the large State Lotteries yield enough $$$ that the winner could simply use the money to purchase a seat to a Bigelow Habitat if they wanted to. I don’t buy lottery tickets, and doubt that making the prize different than cash would cause me to ignore the stupid odds and pull money out of my wallet.
In my opinion, lotteries are for fools.
That said, tax breaks for space investment makes a lot of sense to me (Hi Jeff!).
@Bennett
A Space Lotto system would be a way of funding private commercial manned spaceflight without having to raise taxes or reducing tax revenues
Its could also bring in billions of dollars from foreign countries from individuals who want a chance to fly into space. I’d also include a monetary award of about $200,000 since individuals will have to take time off from work for some minimal astronaut training.
But its a lotto, the odds are supposed to be against you! However, as the flight rate increase, the cost will go down allowing a larger number of individuals to fly into space each year. If you won $20 million in a regular lotto, you most certainly wouldn’t spend it all for a single flight into space– no matter how much you loved space travel!
Trent Waddington
“foreign trade zone” is a status we achieved several years ago that allows a company to bring in foreign material and “export it to space” without paying taxes on it, so it never really enters a taxable zone in the US through the foreign trade zone concept. We’re using that a lot right now as we prepare for the Taurus II as you know, the first stages are a Ukranian developed stage and we’re going to bring it in, we’re going to export it to space without tax, which is very beneficial. Also the Cygnus spacecraft is built in Italy. So it makes it very convenient to avoid those import/export taxes by having that sort of an arrangement. – Dr Billy Reed, Wallops. http://thespaceshow.com/detail.asp?q=1408
““foreign trade zone” Port Canaveral is one, and the Spacehab modules were built by the same Italian company.
@ Marcel
I like the idea. Who knows, I might even bend my personal rules for it.
Doug Lassiter
“Plus I think most Americans would enjoy seeing average Janes and Joes flying into orbit.”
With all due respect, contemporary astronauts pretty much ARE average Janes and Joes, but with a lot of Shuttle- and ISS-specific training. They really don’t come across as the heroic test-pilot astronauts of days past, nor are they really articulate enough to inspire people about what they do, as did many generations of historical explorers. Rather few astronauts have been particularly inspiring speakers. They are smart and talented, as are lots of Janes and Joes. They all have funny hair in zero-g.
I think that’s a defensible part of the NASA PR plan. At least the first part. These are moms, dads, and neighbors. Needing someone who drives a “space truck”, you really do need “truck drivers”. They do have a risky job, but many people do these days.
Reference has been made to the “astronaut cult”. To a large degree, it doesn’t exist anymore, except maybe to kids.
That being said, I agree that a space lotto plan is an intriguing one.
Bennett wrote @ August 17th, 2010 at 6:08 pm
I too am normally against lotto’s, but I have been known to do raffles for good causes – both are essentially giving my money away, but with a raffle I at least know it’s going for something I want it to go to.
Marcel’s idea is an intriguing one, and represents the types of promotions that could be in store for us if space can be opened up for anyone with the money to afford it, work at the right place, or win it.
I have no doubt that advertisers will be trying to attach their logo’s to whatever positive promotions they can get their stickers on, so in that way space travel will end up looking like, well, every place else. I don’t know if that’s good or bad, but I’d like the opportunity to test it out…
Derrick commented that amightywind believes the Falcon 9 did not make it to orbit so here is independent tracking data compiled by Heavens Above satellite tracking website.
1 36595U 10026A 10177.95752728 .32171212 75409-6 37788-3 0 726
2 36595 034.4831 240.6410 0001391 255.6829 104.5617 16.50051425 3591
Epoch (UTC): 22:58:50, Saturday, June 26, 2010
Eccentricity: 0.0001391
Inclination: 34.4831°
Perigee height: 138 km
Apogee height: 140 km
Right Ascension of ascending node: 240.641°
Argument of perigee: 255.6829°
Revolutions per day: 16.50051425
Mean anomaly at epoch: 104.5617°
Orbit number at epoch: 359
Sorry for being of topic… ;P
The discussion of tax cuts is apropos. Several recent economic analyses have found that the same spending on food stamps produced twice the economic stimulus of spending on tax cuts http://money.cnn.com/2008/01/29/news/economy/stimulus_analysis/index.htm. Ninety-eight percent of the dollars from the Bush tax cuts went to the wealthiest 20% of the population, and 70% of the dollars went to the top 1% alone. The problem is that the wealthy people who benefot use the money for speculating on real estate or derivatives, or investing in overseas manufacturing, not in rebuilding US manufacturing.
I remember the Fifties and Sixties, our longest period of sustained economic growth. The marginal tax rate on the wealthiest was about 90%, so they had an incentive to reinvest profits. We need to start thinking of tax cuts as a form of government spending that transfers money to the group that needs it least.
The discussion of tax cuts is apropos. Several recent economic analyses have found that the same spending on food stamps produced twice the economic stimulus of spending on tax cuts
There is no such thing as “spending on tax cuts.” The very notion is economic and accounting nonsense. Tax-rate cuts are not “spending,” and there is no way to know what the loss (or gain) of revenue is from them.
Sorry Rand, vukture4’s comments have merit. A tax cut amounts to spending. Everything is either a plus or a minus to the pot. Tax cuts to the top 1% of earners are a direct minus, and no one an show that they result in more money generated (plus) than revenues lost (minus).
Reagan started us down the terlet with his trickle-down BS, and the middle class has declined ever since. Our country’s overall prosperity started it’s decline with Kennedy’s reframing of the tax rates, and as the rates have come down, the wealth of the middle class have evaporated. It’s not socialism or redistribution of wealth, it’s a formula that keeps the wheels of economy lubricated.
The super rich are never denied any of their pleasures or luxuries, their wealth just goes up a tad slower than it does today.
Beancounter from Downunder
I’m amazed. This one’s got to set a record for least number of:
– troll posts
– name calling
– off-topic discussion
– rational discussion posts in a row
Whoops, my bad.
– most number of rational discussion posts in a row
Off topic – noticed SpaceX had a Dragon parachute test the other day. Seemed to be successful. More progress.
Beancounter from Downunder wrote @ August 17th, 2010 at 11:38 pm
Yes it is off topic – this is the space for politics…. uh, oh, I just reread the name, and I guess it is really Space Politics – D’OH! And I just had a pithy tax-related comment to post…
Please by all means. Tax is an integral part of Politics after all.
Still nothing much to see…so here goes:
Let’s work to make commercial space
The future of the human race,
With malls in orbit in the sky
All filled with shoppers Space X fly,
And hotels built by Bigalow
The place where honeymooners go,
To join in perfect harmony
By making love in zero G…
Dennis Berube
I just love your space poems!!!!! Keep it up…. LOL….
I was just wondering, with China planning to launch their military space station into orbit in 2011, what are we going to be doing? Will Bigelow inflatable hotels be orbiting within range of these military outposts? Sure send a Chinanaut over and pin prick the inflatable and see what happens! Will the commercial based space systems be able to provide our military with alternatives to the other military oppositions. Will military men and women fly in Dragon capsules?
Justin Kugler
Inflatables actually have excellent MMOD protection. A Chinese attack on a manned orbital platform would be an act of war, anyways. Come on, now.
Dennis Berube wrote @ August 18th, 2010 at 8:53 am
“Will military men and women fly in Dragon capsules?”
I’m sure SpaceX hopes so. For me, I don’t care if it’s in a Dragon, or a CST-100, or a Dream Chase, or all of them – we just need to get moving on this so the nation has the ability and the flexibility.
Al Fansome
The signal-to-noise ratio here at spacepolics.com is much lower than it used to be. This is sad, as this is a useful resource for discussing the substance of space policy.
The problem is not just the trolls, but those who feel compelled to engage the trolls.
The BEST way to fix this problem is to IGNORE THE TROLLS. Don’t Feed Them!
My next post will be on substance.
– Al
“was just wondering, with China planning to launch their military space station into orbit in 2011, what are we going to be doing?”
The same as we are doing now, it doesn’t require a specific response. Manned spacestations do not have significant military applications. Unmanned spacecraft can do military missions better.
The space is large, stations will not be close together.
The Nelson bill is a surprising, and very positive, contribution to the space policy discussion. ****Senator Nelson should be commended by those who care about commercial space.****
My initial quick assessment is as follows:
The positive benefits of this approach include:
1) It leverages NASA’s limited budget using “other people’s” (e.g., investors) money.
2) It is proven effective. Orbital Sciences raised its first large investment ($50M) in the mid-1980s. Orbital, which is a billion-dollar company, might not exist today without the existence of that investment tax credit.
NASA, DOD, and Commercial Space industry — and the American taxpayer — are all beneficiaries today because of the Reagan/Democratic investment tax credit that existed in the mid-1980s.
QUESTION: Does anybody want to add up all the “taxes” paid to State and Federal Government by Orbital, and Orbital’s employees, for the last 25 years?
QUESTION: Does anybody care about how many high-wage jobs that now exist because of that tax credit?
3) It is a bi-partisan solution. Orbital received this investment tax credit because it was part of the Reagan tax policy, and was approved by a Democratic Congress.
4) This approach to space policy is STILL bi-partisan. Investment tax credits have a rich history of supporters from the other party, including Bob Walker, Newt Gingrich, Ken Calvert, and Dana Rohrabacher.
5) Rep. Calvert (R, CA) and Rep. Ortiz (R, TX) introduced an investment tax credit bill (“Invest in Space Now”, HR 2177) for space transportation in 2001.
http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=5189
6) Rep. Rohrabacher introduced the “Zero Gravity, Zero Tax Act of 2005″ (HR 1024) in March 2005. It includes an investment tax credit.
http://thomas.loc.gov/home/gpoxmlc109/h1024_ih.xml
It was co-sponsored by Ken Calvert (R, CA), Jane Harman (D, CA), Frank Lucas (R, OK) and Dave Weldon (R, FL)
http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/D?d109:31:./temp/~bd4WnD:@@@P
The bill had 23 co-sponsors
http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d107:h.r.02177:
Rep Baca, Joe [CA-42]
Rep Bartlett, Roscoe G. [MD-6]
Rep Capps, Lois [CA-22]
Rep Carson, Brad [OK-2]
Rep Foley, Mark [FL-16]
Rep Hinojosa, Ruben [TX-15]
Rep Istook, Ernest J., Jr. [OK-5]
Rep Largent, Steve [OK-1]
Rep Lewis, Jerry [CA-40]
Rep Lucas, Frank D. [OK-6]
Rep McKeon, Howard P. “Buck” [CA-25]
Rep Ortiz, Solomon P. [TX-27]
Rep Paul, Ron [TX-14]
Rep Rehberg, Dennis R. [MT]
Rep Reyes, Silvestre [TX-16]
Rep Rohrabacher, Dana [CA-45]
Rep Sandlin, Max [TX-1]
Rep Sensenbrenner, F. James, Jr. [WI-9]
Rep Skeen, Joe [NM-2]
Rep Smith, Lamar [TX-21]
Rep Watkins, Wes [OK-3]
Rep Watts, J. C., Jr. [OK-4]
Rep Weldon, Dave [FL-15]
7) Most of the cost of failure (80%) is still on private investors. The credit is only an incentive to invest in a narrow area that strategically benefits the nation … most of the downside is still on investors and they will need to conduct serious due diligence.
8) It gets the government out of the role of “picking winners”. In this case the financial free market, in the form of investors writing checks, “picks the winners”.
Rather than depending on a central planning system where a few government bureaucrats, make the critical investment decisions for this nation about what space projects we invest in, and who gets those investments –> it incentivizes private investors to put their skin in the game.
9) Nelson is on Senate Finance, so he is in a position to get this added to another piece of tax legislation, IF he is serious.
10) It is very narrowly constructed. This is likely to limit how “costly” this legislation will be scored at.
Now for some of the DOWNSIDES:
A) The bill has not been introduced. It has not been scored.
B) It is not clear, yet, that Nelson is really serious. Nelson may just be reacting to pressure from local (Florida) interests who have been criticizing him for hurting Florida’s economic interests in growing a space industry, and he (Nelson) may be believe that drafting a bill is enough to relieve some of the pressure and criticism.
C) It is very narrowly constructed. This limits how many other Members of Congress will support it. A broader piece of legislation could gather critical support.
What about approving tax credits for all commercial space firms located in & around federally licensed spaceports?
What about approving tax credits for U.S. firms that are investing in, and flying, suborbital RLVs?
Just some space policy thoughts for consideration.
FWIW,
I mistakenly inserted the co-sponsors for the Calvert-Ortiz “Invest in Space Now” bill into the section under Rohrabacher’s “Zero-G, Zero-Tax” bill.
Rohrabacher’s 2005 bill had 4 co-sponsors.
Calvert’s 2001 bill had 23 co-sponsors.
MrEarl
Al;
Good points. I especially like the fact that tax credits gets government out of the role of picking winners. The key question here; is he serious or just pandering to constituents voting in November with no intention of follow through?
As for Trolls………..
On this board a troll is anyone who does not hold to the gospel of “SpaceX good – NASA bad” and “HLV bad, SD-HLV the end of civilization as we know it!”. Any difference of opinion or interpretation of facts that dose not support the above mentioned notions is shouted down as heresy with the writer labeled an idiot and a troll. So writers with differing points of view may engage in behavior that plucks the nerves of the humorless folks on this board. I’ll admit that I have on occasion.
A little more tolerance and open mindedness may be the best way to deal with the “trolls”.
a troll is anyone who
1. spouts space policy based solely on political rhetoric.
2. posts inaccurate, false information, or marketing spin
3. only equates commercial space to Spacex while ignoring ULA, OSC, Boeing, etc
4. makes commercial space and NASA an “either or” proposition.
5. Inanely repeats unsubstantiated claims over and over.
6. Has no experience or generally clueless about spaceflight engineering
Dennis Berube lied:
I was just wondering, with China planning to launch their military space station into orbit in 2011, what are we going to be doing?
There is no such thing. You’re making it up. Prove otherwise or be branded a liar once and for all.
byeman:
Points 1 through 5 is purely subjective as applied by those on this board.
Point 6, since when is spaceflight engineering experience a prerequisite for commenting on a board by the name of Space Politics?
James Behling
a troll is anyone who goes by the name of James O. Behling and works for United Launch Alliance (ULA) and constantly trolls the space forums, being himself a troll, and then labels anyone a troll with which he disagrees.
Jim also has a blog where he doesn’t allow anyone to comment.
Classy Jim, real classy.
I was just wondering, with China planning to launch their military space station into orbit in 2011..
I was just wondering why you think that the Chinese are going to do that?
What do you think that their “military space station” is going to do?
Try to keep up Oler:
http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n1008/18tiangong/
byeman wrote @ August 18th, 2010 at 12:23 pm
Or claims the Falcon 9 second stage spun into the Atlantic…
Martijn Meijering
I would suggest that that by itself merely qualifies one for the honorific “knucklehead space bloviator”, perhaps even one with good intentions.
MrEarl wrote @ August 18th, 2010 at 12:46 pm
I am not seeing the words “military space station”.
But even though the “space station” such as it is has far less capability then what Ivan was doing in the 70’s you can be alarmed if you want to…
Mr. Oler, the first module of their Military space station is already in completion stages. They are set to launch in 2011. What will they do with it? Good question! It is kind of like the Salyuts of the early Soviet Uniions space program. All military applications. I guess now they have found that by being in partnership with us, they can just come aboard and learn all our secrets.. I am all for sharing knowledge across the board with regards to space. Mankind must push outwards and onwards, with no delays, which sadly is all we are seemingly doing these days.
Not to be branded a liar!
http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/sfn-090309-china-space-lab.html
Dennis Berube wrote @ August 18th, 2010 at 2:59 pm
I responded to you originally on a different topic, where you probably had mistakenly posted the above SpaceFlight link. I’ll repost here where the conversation is actually taking place – I said to the following:
Their “space station” is really the equivalent to two Soyuz joined together, and their Tiangong 1 space station module weighs 8.5 tons – compare that to the ISS, which weighs 408 tons.
It certainly is a start for them, but they have a long way to go before they can start assembling ISS-sized modules in space.
You know Dennis, the internet has a lot of information, and you could have found this out before you posted. Do you enjoy other people doing your research for you?
I’ve seen reports that the Tiangong project is military-led too and I have to say it puzzles me. I thought that the Russians more-or-less proved that crewed orbital military spacecraft weren’t really viable with their (allegedly armed) Almaz spacecraft. Is this a case of China re-inventing the wheel and hoping for a different outcome or is this merely a case of everyone assuming anything China does must automatically have a malign motive?
well Guys thats it for me. Im going back to my sailing page, which I never left. Being called a liar, and someone who doesnt look subjects up on the Internet, well Im not asking anyone to look anything up for me. Ill just go my way. Have fun……………
signing off….
Ben Russell-Gough wrote @ August 18th, 2010 at 3:43 pm
“I’ve seen reports that the Tiangong project is military-led too and I have to say it puzzles me.”
My understanding is that quite a bit of industry in China is controlled by the military, and that includes their space program. Technically this makes any space flight they make “military”, but that’s not too different from how our space program has been run, where a majority of pilots and commanders have come from the military, even though they are paid by NASA.
I think the Chinese program is too nascent to know what their ultimate plans are, but they are definitely pushing ahead incrementally. A little boring too, because they are using Russian designs that have been around a long time, and not really making anything new and exciting on their own.
I will reiterate what I said earlier — the signal-to-noise ratio of this once wonderful discussion board — is going down rapidly. As an example, getting into an argument about the definition of a troll is noise.
Spacepolitics.com used to be a place where serious intelligent and often professional people could OPENLY have a discussion based on facts and logic.
I have no problem with others who disagree with my point of view. Just bring provable facts, and logic, to the argument. Reasonable, rational, and intelligent people can disagree.
More and more this site is dominated by name-calling, inuendo, unsubstantiated rumor-mongering, etc.
If anybody here thinks that this works, they are misleading themselves.
I think it is in the nations interest to foster commercial space but I am opposed to additional tax credits on prinicple.
The tax code is already riddled with exemptions, credits and other loopholes that play that play favorites with selected industries and activities. A simplified tax code with fewer loopholes would generate as much revenue with lower marginal rates, which would serve everyone’s interest. This would be another step in the wrong direction.
The best way to foster commercial space would be for the government to contract for the services it requires on a firm fixed price basis with open competitions.
Ben Russell-Gough wrote:
Even though NASA has always been nominally civilian, all the astronauts through Mercury and Gemini were military, the rockets were military, and the people responsible for designing the spacecraft once worked for the Nazis.
Yet this doesn’t seem to trouble any of the people who worry about the Chinese “military” having anything to do with their space program.
This ranks right up there with a tiny beeping spheroid circling the Earth posing absolutely no threat to the U.S. — but that didn’t stop certain people from blowing Sputnik all out of proportion for political propaganda purposes.
It’s just laughable that someone would think linking together a capsule and a tiny module somehow equates to a “military space station.”
Besides, the information about this “military space station” originates with the Xinhua news agency, a propaganda organ for the Chinese government. Funny that someone who’s so paranoid about the Chinese would believe anything that comes out of Xinhua.
Let us know when that “military space station” starts bleeping so we can all run around like the end is near.
Chinese goals for human spaceflight are to 1) generate national pride and show that China is in the first rank of industrial countries, and 2) advertise Chinese commercial space and industrial capability. These objectives are satisfied with a very low flight rate just sufficient to remind the world they are there, only 1 or 2 flights a year. They have no interest in human spaceflight for military purposes, since military goals rely on unmanned systems. They have no interest in a race to the moon. If they lost they would look incompetent, if they won they would irritate their biggest customer. They would like to be invited to join the ISS program; this would show they are “in the club”. As for stealing technology, there’s nothing classified on the ISS. The most advanced electronics on the ISS are the laptop computers. Wonder where they’re made.
As to Nelson, he previously cared only about preserving Constellation, which would only create jobs in other states. He did nothing to prevent the loss of Shuttle. A public outcry seems to have convinced him to at least give lip service to “commercial”, really just a blanket term for every concept except Constellation.
vulture4 wrote:
He did nothing to prevent the loss of Shuttle.
Bush cancelled Shuttle in January 2004 after the Columbia Accident Investigation Board concluded the Shuttle design was fundamentally unsafe (i.e. the crew vehicle mounted on the side where it was exposed to flame and falling debris). CAIB recommended a system with the crew vehicle on top. Bush followed that recommendation and Congress agreed.
Blaming Nelson is disingenuous at best.
@ Al Fansome wrote @ August 18th, 2010 at 4:57 pm
Yes it is pretty sad what is happening here. I see the likes of you going away. People who always brought thoughts and substance to this forum.
On the other hand “trolls” may represent the common thoughts of the public at large. I know: Pretty scary sometimes…
I am not sure how you deal with this. Especially if you want public access and feedback.
Hmm, markup fail. Fixed that for me.
I hope China to join Iss..
It wil be good for all space agencies..
Aggelos wrote @ August 19th, 2010 at 1:53 pm
‘I hope China to join Iss..
Faint hope and for heaven’s sake why would they?
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Ron Paul for President
"Setting a good example is a far better way to spread ideals than through force of arms."
The Ron Paul Revolution is the perfect example of how ordinary citizens can make a change.
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Ron Paul and Internet Politics
Produced by PBS
"Ron Paul has managed to not just impress people, but change them; from apathetic observers to active supporters. And he hasn't done it with hugs and handshakes or the help of the mainstream meda, the Ron Paul movement was born on the power of the Internet"
At the intersection of the Internet and politics, presidential candidate Ron Paul's supporters are rewriting the rules of political campaigns. NOW explores how the Texas congressman and his supporters are using the Internet to attract voters—and massive campaign contributions—from across the political spectrum. Supporters include anti-war progressives, anti-tax libertarians, civil libertarians, and even some white supremacists. The common theme is anger over where the country is heading.
"Ron Paul's campaign is so extraordinary to many of us because even while it was getting massive online traffic, you'd be lucky to get a whisper of his campaign in a lot of media outlets," said Zephyr Teachout, Howard Dean's former online organizer and now a Duke University professor. (Excerpt from main website)
Please visit website for more information:
http://www.ronpaul2008.com
Ron Paul: Who Are The Patriots?
Produced by CSPAN
"True patriotism today has gotten a bad name at least from the government and the press. Those who now challenge the unconstitutional methods of imposing an income tax on us, or force us to use a monetary system designed to serve the rich at the expense of the poor, are routinely condemned. These American patriots are sadly looked down upon by many. They are never praised as champions of liberty as Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. have been."
May 22, 2007 - Ron Paul's speech before the U.S. House of Representatives.
Fiat Empire - Why the Federal Reserve Violates the U.S. Constitution
Produced by Matrixx Entertainment Corporation
"The Congress shall have Power To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; No State shall make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of debts." –Article 1 of the United States Constitution
Find out why some feel the Federal Reserve's practices are a violation of the U.S. Constitution and others feel it's simply "a bunch of organized crooks." Discover why experts agree the Fed is a banking cartel that benefits mainly bankers and their corporate clients as well as a Congress that would rather increase the National Debt to $9 trillion than raise taxes. Find out how the corporate media facilitates the partnership between the Fed and Congress and why it fails to disclose what's going on. Lastly, find out how the Federal Reserve Member Banks are owned and controlled by an elite group of insiders.
This Telly Award-winning documentary features presidential candidate RON PAUL (R-Texas) and is inspired by The Creature from Jekyll Isalnd a book by well-known author and FREEDOM FORCE founder, G. Edward Griffin.
Also featured is Dr. Edwin Vieira, Ph.D., J.D. from Harvard (a foremost authority on the Constitution and the author of Pieces of Eight) who discusses the Fed and various long-term studies which indicate that the Federal Reserve System encourages war, destabilizes the economy, generates inflation (a hidden tax) and is the supreme instrument of unjust enrichment for a select group of insiders. Dr. Theodore Baehr (founder of MOVIEGUIDE®) rounds out the show by discussing the relationship between the Media, the Fed and the Government and why you never see these issues discussed on network TV or in the mainstream media. (Excerpt from main website)
Please visit the official website for more information:
http://www.fiatempire.com
Money, Banking, and The Federal Reserve System
Produced by Ludwig von Mises Institute
"The Federal Reserve System virtually controls the nation's monetary system, yet it is accountable to no one. It has no budget, it is subject to no audit, and no Congressional Committee knows of, or can truly supervise its operations."
Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson understood "The Monster". But to most Americans today, Federal Reserve is just a name on the dollar bill. They have no idea of what the central bank does to the economy, or to their own economic lives; of how and why it was founded and operates; or of the sound money and banking that could end the statism, inflation, and business cycles that the Fed generates.
Dedicated to Murray N. Rothbard, steeped in American history and Austrian economics, and featuring Ron Paul, Joseph Salerno, Hans Hoppe, and Lew Rockwell, this extraordinary new film is the clearest, most compelling explanation ever offered of the Fed, and why curbing it must be our first priority.
Alan Greenspan is not, we're told, happy about this 42-minute blockbuster. Watch it, and you'll understand why. This is economics and history as they are meant to be: fascinating, informative, and motivating. This movie could change America. (Excerpt from main website)
http://www.mises.org
Matrix of Evil
Directed by Alex Jones
"Problem-reaction-solution over and over again. Government uses crises to scare the public into submission. That is so important to understand!"
Some of the best minds in the country, coming from different sectors of the political spectrum combine in this film to expose an intricate web of deceitful wickness controlling America today.
Matrix of Evil contains footage from speeches and conversations with Alex Jones, Congressman Ron Paul, Colonel Craig Roberts, Congresswoman Cynthia McKinney and Frank Morales which cover and include:
How the private banks control the military-industrial complex
Expert analyses of the USA Patriot Act and the latest police state developments
Globalist financial policies pushing America and the world into depression
How the neoconservative movement controlling the Bush administration is nothing more than a trojan horse for a big government agenda of ivory tower social engineers
The latest revelations concerning cashless society control grid, satellite tracking, cellphone tracking, DARPA surveillance, the end of Posse Comitatus, the federalization of local police and governments and much more..
Government-sponsored terrorism, gun control, political assasinations, Sept. 11th coverup
Most importantly, Matrix of Evil is chock-full of solutions. All of the dynamic people interviewed for this film agreed that there is a massive awakening taking place in America to the criminal activities of the global elite. (Excerpt from main website)
http://www.infowars.com
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Fiat Empire
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The Protector of the Constitution
Congressman Ron Paul is the only presidential candidate that has emphasized the importance of returning the constitutional rights back to the people. Unlike the other candidates, Dr.Paul is the only one with a consistent perspective.
Ron Paul on Civil Liberties
What We All Need To Fight For
Congressman Ron Paul is fighting for our basic civil liberties. Yes, basic. Because after 9/11, the federal government has stripped ALL Americans of our basic civil liberties. There is nothing "Patriotic" about the "Patriot Act." That's why it is called the "Patriot Act."
The Fed Creates Inflation
Ron Paul Questions Bernanke
The Federal Reserve claims to fight inflation, but what most people do not know is that the the Federal Reserve creates the inflation that they claim to be fighting against. See what Bernanke has to say when Ron Paul asks the hard hitting questions.
The Next Stock Market Crash
The Federal Reserve Inflates The Dollar
Most people do not know or understand how economic policy in America works. It's quite simple really. The U.S. Constitutions states that our currency should be backed only by gold and silver, but with the creation of the Federal Reseve System in 1913, everything changed. Everytime the Fed prints more money, the value of the USD is inflated.
Paul at Republican Debate
Congressman Ron Paul Will Abolish Income Tax and Get Us Out of War In Iraq
Dr.Paul answers questions from ordinary citizens about how he will abolish the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the federal income tax, get us out of war in Iraq, and return the constitutional rights bacak to the people.
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Tag: MICF 2013
Genevieve Fricker : The Pineapple
By Noel Kelso
Performing in a room which appears to have only just been rediscovered after many years and had the cobwebs and dusty boxes removed, Genevieve Fricker entertains her audience with an hour of great gags, brilliantly observed musical comedy and tales of her life.
Wielding an electric guitar, Fricker begins her show with a very funny song about writing routines on her phone. This warms her audience up for the tales which follow.
This includes reminiscing over adverts from the previous decade and positing a tragic backstory for the main character. This is well done by Fricker and it mattered not that I had not seen the ad in question as she paints such a vivid picture with her words.
Her curiosity at the world is infectious and the audience finds itself pondering if there really is a phone call gossiping conspiracy betwixt cab drivers and convenience store clerks. There is an honesty to her delivery which is refreshing as she speaks about her depression and the overcompensation this leads her to.
One of the highlights of the show is Fricker relating the tale of finding her car vandalised in quite a strange manner and the confrontation this leads to with one of her neighbours whilst Fricker herself is dressed like a prim Sunday school teacher from the 1950s. Apparently comics are prone to doing crazy things when criticised.
This was really funny, naturalistic comedy which included several astute observations about the foibles of modern life and thoughtful musings on her family and mixed cultural heritage including some well-timed call-backs.
The Pineapple is on at The Duke of Wellington Hotel until April 7
http://www.comedyfestival.com.au/2014/season/shows/the-pineapple-genevieve-fricker
Author ColinPosted on April 5, 2014 Categories Melbourne International Comedy Festival 2014, Reviews, UncategorizedTags Genevieve Fricker, MICF 2013
Cal Wilson : It Could Have Been Me
By Alanta Colley
Cal Wilson, the likable Kiwi who has appeared on QI and all about invites us this comedy festival to meet the people she could have been.
What if she’d never left Auckland? What if she’d been a man? What if she had married one of the boyfriends of her twenties? What if she’d never married? The figments of Cal’s imagination spiral into ever more erratic and fanciful creations with ever more twisted destinies before our eyes.
Cal ponders what would have happened if the fear of the unknown had prevented her from moving to Australia and had taken over her life. Still performing at children’s parties in her 40’s, Fairy Robot Sparkle clamps down on fun; warning children of the imminent danger lurking in common household items and at every turn. She makes them know that death is always watching. We meet a posturing self-congratulatory sleaze bag who sought fame writing erotic science fiction novels; Calibran – Cal’s persona had she turned out to be a man. We meet the Cal who married one of her boyfriends in her 20’s; this time at his funeral; Cal toting the accent of a woman who had been forced to change to meet her husband’s expectations. We meet Adele – a feminist poet who seems unsatisfied with life. As the characters develop and expand things start to get out of control.
This show is packed to the hilt full of props, performance, puns and punch. Cal’s characters are rich and ridiculous and a lot of fun. The plot is wild and dynamic. We watch as various parts of Cal’s past, future and present both real and imaginary come colliding together in a cacophony of absurdity.
The show is a thorough delight. Quirky, well-executed and funny. Cal displays the well-honed acting skills that failed to get her into any of the many acting schools that she auditioned for. Their loss was our gain. A rollercoaster of ridiculousness; get along if you can.
It Could Have Been Me is on at Melb Town Hall – Powder Room until April 20
http://www.comedyfestival.com.au/2014/season/shows/it-could-have-been-me-cal-wilson
Author ColinPosted on April 4, 2014 Categories Melbourne International Comedy Festival 2014, ReviewsTags Cal Wilson, MICF 2013
Henson Alternative’s Puppet Up!: Uncensored
By Elyse Phillips
‘Puppet Up’ provides two shows in one – if you focus on the big screens, you’ll see the puppets performing improv, but if you look down on the stage, you can see the very talented puppeteers at work. Whichever you choose, you will be treated to a fast-paced, quick-witted show that inspires child-like delight, regardless of the themes.
Although ‘Puppet Up’ is billed as being ‘definitely-not-PG’, the show is only as dirty as the audience suggestions make it. The bulk of the show is made up of a series of improv games, some of which will be familiar to improv fans, like ‘New Choice’. Performers grab puppets from a wall of brightly-coloured faces. There’s fish, birds, muppet-like humanoids, hot dogs – all of which can be pulled into a scene based on what you shout out. The evening I attended, for instance, we saw a short play titled ‘Toorak Wankers’ involving a bear and crab as husband and wife.
In between the sketches, the audience is treated to some recreations of classic sketches created by Jim Henson and Frank Oz when they were in their 20s. It’s a wonderful addition to the show. The simple physical humor of the skits stands up well in 2014. There are also a couple of opportunities for more intensive audience participation, with audience members being brought up on stage. For their work, they received puppet prizes that provoked a collective “Aww” of jealously from the rest of us.
The MC for the evening, Patrick Bristow, kept things quick and light and established a great rapport with the audience. The cast of puppeteers proved to be clever, hilarious, and in some cases, fabulous singers. Their skills really shone through in their creation of a James Bond-esque film opening, complete with theme song – despite the audience suggestion ‘Salami in Wonderland’. There’s a lot of nostalgia value for anyone who grew up with Henson’s work and it’s truly fascinating to see the puppeteers at work, breathing such life into their creations.
‘Puppet Up’ is teriffic fun and an example of an improv crew that works together really well. If you’re a Henson fan or simply enjoy great improv, this show is one to check out.
Puppet Up! is on at the Princess Theatre until April 20
http://www.comedyfestival.com.au/2014/season/shows/puppet-up-uncensored-henson-alternative-s
Author ColinPosted on March 31, 2014 Categories Melbourne International Comedy Festival 2014, ReviewsTags MICF 2013, Puppet Up
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Morgan's future depends on his drive and desire, says Strauss
By Christopher Devine 17 July 2019 5
Andrew Strauss believes Eoin Morgan will need to take time to consider his future as England's one-day captain in the wake of their Cricket World Cup triumph.
Having been appointed as skipper shortly before a shambolic 2015 World Cup for England, Morgan has overseen a stunning turnaround in fortunes that culminated with Sunday's dramatic final victory over New Zealand at Lord's.
A day on from that win, outgoing head coach Trevor Bayliss backed the middle-order batsman to lead the team in next year's ICC T20 World Cup, which will take place in Australia.
Former England captain Strauss feels much will depend on whether Morgan - an ex-team-mate of his at Middlesex, as well as at international level - has the motivation to continue after achieving his primary goal.
Best match ever? #CWC19 #WeAreEngland #ExpressYourself pic.twitter.com/uEs8sDlMv2
— England Cricket (@englandcricket) July 16, 2019
Strauss, who also served as managing director of England Cricket before stepping down in 2018, told Sky Sports: "There is no doubt that if he wants to carry on then he will have incredible support from his team-mates, from the ECB and from the nation.
"All he needs to do is reflect and think about what's next for him and what's his motivation and drive and desire.
"If he has got that motivation then 100 per cent carry on but if he hasn't then pause for thought, because the only reason that we won the World Cup is because he was so committed to what happened on Sunday. If that commitment is not there then it is a time for him to think."
Andrew Strauss
Christopher Devine
I thought I'd clipped it for two! – Pope overjoyed by maiden century
Kohli hails Rahul and Dhawan as India fend off Australia to square series
Boucher rues 'big blow' of losing banned Rabada
India level series as Australia fall short in Rajkot run chase
Australian Open 2020: Federer unworried about air quality, dismisses relocation talk
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Health 191543431
Health beat: A nurse takes on the radon threat
By BRAD SCHRADE Star Tribune
February 16, 2013 — 6:11pm
As a nurse who worked with cancer patients for decades, Maureen Quick knew about radon and its link to lung cancer, but she never discussed the issue with patients.
It wasn't until she started pursuing a doctoral degree in nursing two years ago that she fully understood the prevalence of the radioactive gas -- and how little people understand about its health hazards.
She was surprised to learn that radon gas leads to 21,000 lung cancer deaths each year in the United States and that Minnesota is one of the leading states for radon concentration levels. She was also surprised at how seldom radon and its dangers came up in clinical settings, when nurses discussed cancer care and prevention with patients and their families.
Today, Quick is making radon awareness the centerpiece of a project on health system change for her doctoral work at St. Catherine University. She hopes to provide guidance to fellow oncology nurses across the state so they can help cancer patients and their families protect themselves against the radioactive gas that seeps into homes and buildings.
"Now that I've been reading and studying this, I've realized how little people know about this potential hazard," Quick said. "I really think we need to do more. I think oncology nurses are a good place to start."
Quick has been working closely with the Minnesota Department of Health on her project, which includes a survey of 40 oncology nurses and their understanding of radon.
Already, Quick has found that many oncology nurses are like her -- they know about poor outcomes for treating lung cancer and are motivated to find cancer prevention strategies. But oncology nurses, she said, are not given enough information about radon or tools to introduce radon education into clinical settings. Her project will include a white paper to fill in some of those gaps and develop strategies nurses can take into their clinical work; this spring she'll deliver the paper at the Oncology Nursing Society's national convention.
Gophers 'Best teammate you could ever ask for.' Gophers react to Pitts leaving
'Best teammate you could ever ask for.' Gophers react to Pitts leaving
Body clock: Best times to eat, sleep and exercise • Health
Stress eats holes in your brain • Health
Study: Wiser medication use could cut health costs • Health
State may bolster number of child protection workers, with a catch • Health
Nov. 13: U breaks ground with pet program • Health
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The Cub Pack
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With the dawn of the new year 2015, the 16th Colombo Scout Troop has appointed a new batch of Office Bearers for the year. While we thank the outgoing batch of Senior Scouts for all their efforts and hard work, we wish the new batch all the very best and success in carrying out their ventures… Click here to look at the Troop Profile for the year 2015…...
2015 – The beginning of a new era
Prof. Indra de Soysa – End of an era for STC Mount Lavinia… Prof. Indra de Soysa, the 18th Warden of S. Thomas’ College, Mount Lavinia, left College last year after concluding an outstanding term as the Warden of S. Thomas’ College. He had an exemplary personality, who, in his short but illustrious tenure, rendered an invaluable service to his Alma Mater. There is no doubt that he touched each heart of thousands of Thomians he met with the simple smile he had on his face, always… You would be remembered forever in our hearts. Thank you very much Sir for what you’ve done… We wish you all the very best in all your future endeavours on behalf of the Thomian Scout movement… The following is a short presentation about him, compiled by the Thomian Scouts… Revd Marc Billimoria – The beginning of a fresh era… Upon the departure of Prof. Indra de Soysa, Revd Marc Billimoria took over as the 19th Warden of S. Thomas’ College, Mount Lavinia from January...
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About the Ride
About Team Ian
Ian Lawson Van Toch Fund
Jurisica Lab Student Internships
Outstanding Student Paper Award
Memorial Seminar Series in Computational Biology
Team Ian came together in 2010 to support our fundraising efforts on behalf of the Ian Lawson Van Toch Cancer Informatics Fund at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre.
The Original Six
For the first two years, Team Ian had the pleasure of participating in the Ride to Conquer Cancer from Montreal to Quebec City. From these two rides Team Ian raised over $60,000 to support cancer research. While we were extremely proud of this achievement and happy to donate to the general fight against cancer, in 2012 felt was time to organize our own ride. Our goals are simple:
First, to hold an annual event to raise awareness of Ian’s Fund and its initiatives.
Second, to ensure that the funds we raise are used for research and not taken “off the top” to pay for the event itself.
Third, to do what Ian would have done: set a serious challenge and have fun reaching it in our own way and on our own terms!
Team Ian is composed of a small but growing group of amazing human beings who are willing to submit their bodies to endless hours of abuse for a good cause. Each cyclist is committing to a voluntary target of raising a minimum of $1000.00 – but the sky’s the limit! For 2017 we are setting a team goal of $100,000 – an ambitious target, but we know that with all of your support we will make the ride and its financial goal a success!
Fundraising Ride for the Ian Lawson Van Toch Cancer Informatics Fund © 2018 Team Ian
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Congrats to Beavers on World Series Win
The Governor and Team Kulongoski at the campaign would like to congratulate Oregon State on their incredible College World Series championship.
The Governor called from South Korea today to share his excitement, "Congratulations on a job well done! I couldn't be more proud to be the Governor of Oregon and have a team like the Beavers represent us on the national stage," Governor Kulongoski said.
The Beavers impressive rally to win the final two games of the series capped of six straight victories in tournament elimination games.
We’re hoping that the good luck rubbed off when Ted visited the team during the Super Regionals in Corvallis earlier this month!
Tonight’s Debate: Will Saxton Turn Over a New Leaf or Keep Misleading Voters?
Ted Takes A Stand For Oregon's Oceans
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Candido Antonio Mendes de Almeida
President, Sociedade Brasileira de Instrução
February 12th, 2010, Academia, Author/Novelist, Brazil, Civil Society, English, Euro-Med, French, International Relations, Latin America and the Caribbean, Law and Human Rights, Non-Governmental, Rio de Janeiro, South America, Spanish
Professor Candido Antonio Mendes de Almeida was born in 1928 in Rio de Janeiro and has worked extensively in the world of academia while serving as the head of many international committees.
Area of Expertise: Civil Society, International Relations, Law and Human Rights
Geographical Expertise - Region: Latin America and the Caribbean
Languages: English, French, Spanish
Field of Work: Academia, Author/Novelist, Non-Governmental
City: Rio de Janeiro
Email: candido.mendes@theglobalexperts.org
Caroline Fourest
Writer and columnist
April 21st, 2010, Academia, Author/Novelist, English, Europe, Europe, France, French, Journalist/Commentator, Paris, Religion, Women's Rights
Caroline Fourest is a French writer and columnist. She has a weekly column in Le Monde discussing French culture, and teaches about multiculturalism and universalism at Sciences Po-Paris.
Area of Expertise: Religion, Women's Rights
Geographical Expertise - Region: Europe
Languages: English, French
Field of Work: Academia, Author/Novelist, Journalist/Commentator
Email: caroline.fourest@theglobalexperts.org
Carool Kersten
Lecturer in Islamic Studies, King's College London
June 24th, 2010, Academia, Algeria, Arabic, Asia, Author/Novelist, Civil Society, Dutch, English, Europe, Indonesia, London, Malaysia, Migration and Integration, Morocco, North Africa and Middle East, Religion, Thailand, Tunisia, UK
Dr. Carool Kersten’s is a lecturer in Islamic Studies at King’s College London. His areas of expertise include contemporary Islam and current affairs in the Muslim world, Islam in Southeast Asia and modern Muslim thought. He has a particular interest in liberal Islam, alternative Islamic discourses and the work of progressive Muslim intellectuals.
Area of Expertise: Civil Society, Migration and Integration, Religion
Geographical Expertise - Region: Asia, North Africa and Middle East
Geographical Expertise - Country: Algeria, Indonesia, Malaysia, Morocco, Thailand, Tunisia
Languages: Arabic, Dutch, English
Field of Work: Academia, Author/Novelist
Email: carool.kersten@theglobalexperts.org
Catharin Dalpino
Professor and Director of Thai Studies in the Asian Studies Program of the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service
April 23rd, 2010, Academia, Asia, Author/Novelist, Civil Society, Defense and Security, English, International Relations, Law and Human Rights, Media, North America, North America, Politics and Governance, Think tank/Research center, USA, War and Conflict, Washington DC
Catharin Dalpino is Visiting Associate Professor and Director of Thai Studies in the Asian Studies Program of the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. She is also Director of the Aspen Institute’s Program on Agent Orange in Vietnam, and Nonresident Senior Fellow at the Atlantic Council of the United States, where she directs a US-Europe-Southeast Asia Dialogue.
Area of Expertise: Civil Society, Defense and Security, International Relations, Law and Human Rights, Media, Politics and Governance, War and Conflict
Geographical Expertise - Region: Asia, North America
Field of Work: Academia, Author/Novelist, Think tank/Research center
City: Washington DC
Email: catharin.dalpino@theglobalexperts.org
Catherine Besteman
Professor of anthropology and African studies, Colby University
October 19th, 2010, Academia, Author/Novelist, English, Law and Human Rights, Migration and Integration, North America, North America, Somalia, Subsaharan Africa, USA, War and Conflict, Waterville
Catherine Besteman is a professor of anthropology and African studies at Colby University. Her teaching interests focus on the roots of violent conflict and the forces that sustain inequality and produce poverty in Africa. She is the author of Unraveling Somalia: Race, Violence and the Legacy of Slavery, The Struggle for Land in Southern Somalia: The War Behind the War, and Violence: A Reader.
Area of Expertise: Law and Human Rights, Migration and Integration, War and Conflict
Geographical Expertise - Region: North America, Subsaharan Africa
Geographical Expertise - Country: Somalia
City: Waterville
Email: catherine.besteman@theglobalexperts.org
Celia de Anca
March 2nd, 2011, Academia, Arabic, Author/Novelist, Business and Globalization, English, Europe, Europe, French, Madrid, Migration and Integration, Spain, Spanish, Think tank/Research center
Dr. Celia de Anca is currently the Director of the Centre for Diversity in Global Management at IE Business School. She was previously the Director of Corporate Programmes at the Euro-Arab Management School (EAMS), Granada. She is also regular researcher at the Centre for International Mediterranean Studies (TEIM).
Area of Expertise: Business and Globalization, Migration and Integration
Languages: Arabic, English, French, Spanish
City: Madrid
Email: delia.da@theglobalexperts.org
Abdullah Khan
Pakistani social activist and imam Denmark »
Yahya Sergio Yahe Pallavicini
Vice-president of the Italian Islamic Community Italy »
Christopher Dekki
United Nations representative for Pax Romana. USA »
Dita Vogel
Migration Researcher, Network Migration Group Germany »
Turkey/Cyprus Project Director for International Crisis Group UK »
Stephen Schlesinger
Former foreign policy advisor to NY Governor Mario Cuomo USA »
Lucas Welch
New media project developer and social activist USA »
Marcus Noland
Specialist on the economies of Japan and North Korea USA »
Neave O’Clery
Specialist on European youth issues UK »
H.A. Hellyer
Fellow, Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations India »
Paola Gaeta
International legal scholar and expert on genocide Switzerland »
Jesus Garcia-Luengos
Expert on International Human Rights Law Spain »
Ian Bancroft
Specialist on the Western Balkans Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Serbia, UK »
Kuwaiti media entrepreneur USA »
Asma Afsaruddin
Professor of Islamic Studies, Indiana University USA »
Olav Kjørven
Director of Bureau for Development Policy, UNDP USA »
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You are here: Home > News > News > The Meltech Company to showcase its engineering expertise at the Dusseldorf Wire Show 2018
The Meltech Company will be showcasing its design and engineering capabilities at this year’s Wire Show in Dusseldorf, Germany from 16-20th April.
Since the last Wire Show in 2016, Meltech has continued to demonstrate its expertise in wire and cable machine engineering, undertaking a number of major projects across its full machine portfolio. To facilitate its future manufacturing output, the company is now also expanding into a new 5000 square foot site in Blackburn, Lancashire, UK.
In Furnaces and Ovens, as testament to the company’s recognised engineering capabilities, The Meltech Company has recently supplied a new 12-tube strand-annealing furnace for its long-standing customer NV Bekaert SA, of Belgium. What made this project particularly special is the fact that this furnace was shipped and commissioned last year to its customer’s facility in China. The company’s Managing Director, John Stamp said about the project: “To ship the 16 metre long furnace to China, our engineering team were presented with the additional challenge of designing and building the furnace in two sections. We had to ensure that when the two sections were connected together the furnace would function effectively without any loss of heat. Quite a challenge, but one we once again managed to address successfully.”
The Meltech Company was also recently commissioned to design five large 55 Tonne transportable ‘A’ frame winders for Netherlands based cable manufacturer TKF. The winders were a bespoke design allowing the units to be positioned on pedestals, with the facility to allow a truck to reverse in underneath the winders and between the pedestals. This enabled the winder to be positioned on the truck with a bespoke lifting mechanism. Each winder was supplied complete with a ø3200 steel drum, 6000mm wide fully enclosed when in transportation, with quick opening panels for access during operation. These units allow umbilical cable to be manufactured at TKF’s site in Haaksbergen and then road transported to their Lochem site for de-gassing. The de-gassing ovens were also custom designed to accept the winders being off-loaded and re-loaded back onto the truck. Repeatable accurate positioning was essential for the winding and de-gassing processes.
In the field of Continuous Rotary Extrusion, The Meltech Company has also continued to innovate, with the supply of a specially designed extrusion shoe for an MC300 CRE machine for an existing customer. As a result, the customer is now successfully producing 2,500mm2 solid aluminium conductor for high voltage cable applications.
Recent and continued interest in the development of CRE for the recycling of aluminium and copper has resulted in a number of trials using both these materials in various granular forms. The Meltech Company is actively seeking collaborators to develop this exciting application further.
The Meltech Company also continues to supply the most cost effective CRE lines using optimum tooling designs and materials for standard applications. The company has recently supplied CRE lines to Poland, Ukraine, and Germany and are currently developing further opportunities in various locations around the world including Taiwan, Russia, Poland and Germany.
The Meltech Company’s new manufacturing site, operational from Monday 26th February 2018, is located at: Unit 1 Duttons Way, Shadsworth Business Park, Blackburn, Lancashire BB1 2QR Telephone and email addresses remain: +44 (0)1254 691488, E: sales@meltech.co.uk
At Wire 2018, John Stamp and Gary Strathern from The Meltech Company look forward to welcoming you to their stand in Hall 14, location F11.
www.themeltechcompany.co.uk
SZ Stranding Line – High Capacity production solution
Continuous Rotary Extrusion line
The customer Bayerische Kabelwerke (Bayka) is a leading supplier of...
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Home > Vegetable Gardening > Growing Leafy Greens Part Two
Growing Leafy Greens Part Two
By: Lynn Jones - Updated: 27 Mar 2013 | *Discuss
Want fresh greens from your garden all season long? Plant spinach, Swiss chard, and leafy brassicas. With a little planning, you'll have greens to harvest from early spring to late fall.
This article discusses how to grow spinach, New Zealand spinach, Swiss chard, kale, collards, and mustard greens. The companion article "Growing Leafy Greens: Part 1" discusses how to grow lettuce and other salad greens. See "Growing Root Vegetables" for how to grow beet and turnip greens.
Greens for All Seasons
Spinach, kale, collards, and mustard greens are all cool-season crops. Swiss chard and New Zealand spinach can be grown in the heat of the summer. Collard greens tolerate heat as well as cold.
Planting Leafy Greens
Leafy greens like rich, well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Unless otherwise noted, work two inches (5 cm) of compost into the soil before planting. Adding nitrogen to the soil will also benefit leafy greens. (See the article on "Soil and Amendments" for details.)
Most leafy greens can be directly seeded into the garden. Many leafy greens have shallow roots, so hoe carefully. Keep soil consistently moist.
Since spinach is quick to bolt, it must be planted early in the spring. It's easier to grow a fall crop, which should be planted eight to ten weeks before the first hard frost. Spinach is very cold hardy - young plants can survive in temperatures as low as 15 to 20 Fahrenheit (-9.4 to -6.7 Celsius). Planted in the fall, spinach will even winter over and come up in the spring.
Work one to two inches (2.5-5 cm) of compost into the soil. Sow seeds 1/2 inch deep (1.25 cm) and one inch (2.5 cm) apart, with 12 to 18 inches (30-45 cm) between rows. Thin, to four to six inches (10-15 cm) apart. Spinach varieties include 'Bloomsdale Long Standing' (48 days) and 'Melody Hybrid' (42 days). Spinach needs consistent moisture to avoid bolting.
New Zealand spinach isn't a true spinach, but it's a great summer substitute: it stands up to the heat and tastes a lot like spinach.
Soak seeds overnight or rub with sandpaper or a file to speed germination. Plant seeds two inches (5 cm) deep. Plants should be 12 to 15 inches (30-38 cm) apart, with two feet (60 cm) between rows. New Zealand spinach matures in 70 days.
Swiss chard does well in average soil, and can be sown two to three weeks before last frost in the spring. Chard can tolerate summer heat. Sow seeds 1/2 inch (1.25 cm) deep every two inches (5 cm). Thin to six to 12 inches (15-30 cm) apart. Popular Swiss chard varieties include 'Fordhook Giant' (60 days) and 'Rhubarb' (50-60 days).
Kale is extremely cold hardy and its flavour actually improves after a hard frost. Sow kale four to six weeks before last frost for a spring crop, two months before first frost for a fall crop. Kale and collards like rich soil. Work three inches (7.5 cm) of compost into the soil. Sow seeds 1/2 inch (1.25 cm) deep every three inches (7.5 cm), and thin to eighteen inches (45 cm) apart. Varieties of kale include 'Lacinto' (60 days) and 'Red Russian' (50-60 days).
Collards tolerate heat better than kale, but their taste is sweetened by a frost. Enrich soil as for kale. Sow seeds 1/2 inch (1.25 cm) deep every six inches (15 cm). Thin to two feet (60 cm) apart. Varieties include 'Georgia Southern' (55-65 days) and 'Vates' (55 days).
Mustard greens are a cool weather crop. Plant two to three weeks before last frost for a spring crop, eight weeks before first frost for a fall crop. Mustard is prone to bolting in hot weather and is easier to grow in the fall. Plant seeds 1/4 inch (.63 cm) deep every three inches (7.5 cm). Thin to six to nine inches (15-23 cm) apart. Varieties include 'Florida Broadleaf' and 'Green Wave' (both 45 days and slow to bolt).
Mesclun Mix
Mesclun is a mixture of seeds that includes mild, spicy, and bitter greens. Easy to grow, its young leaves are harvested for salads. Seed can be sown three to six inches apart (7.5-15 cm) or broadcast in a wide row. Make your own mesclun mix or buy pre-mixed packets. Mild greens in mesclun mix include looseleaf lettuces, mache, and spinach. Spicy greens include arugula and mustard greens. Bitter greens include curly endive and radicchio.
Plant a mixture of leafy greens from spring to fall, and enjoy fresh greens - in salads or cooked - throughout the season.
Growing Heirloom Vegetables
Growing Mini Vegetables
Growing Vegetables to Show
Growing Your Own Baby Vegetables
Storing and Preserving...
Vegetables and Health...
Vegetable Gardening...
Readers Stories...
All About Vegetables...
Buying Vegetables...
Cooking Vegetables...
Garden Pests...
Planting and Care...
VIDEOS...
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Viera Voice /
January 2018 /
New board settles in for Viera East Men's Golf Association
By BY DAVID D. HORST
The Viera East Men's Golf Association has elected a new board of directors.
VIERA VOICE photo
The new Viera East Men’s Golf Association Board of Directors has officially started the 2017-2018 golf season at the Viera East Golf Course.
The board consists of Craig Smith, president; David Hill, vice president; William Oakley, treasurer; and Tim Brown, secretary. A new board position was created for Mike Schmitt, who will be the tournament director.
Now that the winter golf season is in full swing, I have noticed how my own golf game can vary from shot to to shot. As a relatively new retiree at the age of 60, my game has not improved as much as I had hoped.
Many of my older golfing buddies from VEMA have enviable short games that I can only dream about. I have learned the simple truth that practicing putting and chipping is the quickest and most effective way to improve a golf score.
November and December provided our golf group with some nice weather and a return to competition.
The VEMA Cup was played over two days in November. The first round consisted of two-man teams playing a scramble format. The second round was a best-ball format. There were two flights.
The team of John McComas and Freddie Baltazar won the first flight. Peter Maloney and Bob David placed second, and Tim Brown and Schmitt were third.
The team of Neil Napolitano and Steve Vasilevich won the second flight. David Hill and Gary Baxter were second, and Gary Waldron, Tom Campbell and Dale Zeigler finished third.
Jack Webb on No. 4, Greg Humble on No. 7, Bob David on No. 13 and Keith Rodriguez on No. 16 were closest-to-the-pin.
VEMA has changed the format for the club championship, with the top 12 golfers competing in a two-round event for the trophy. To qualify, members must post one of the 12 best rounds for 18 holes to reach the championship flight
Qualifying began with rounds starting in October. Eligible rounds will continue through Feb. 1. The club championship will begin
Feb. 15, with a final round on Feb. 22 to determine the VEMA Club Champion.
Guy Sullivan, McComas, Maloney, Tim Brown, Jim Smith, Bob Urban, Steve Wing, Gary Shiffrin, Webb, Craig Smith, Fred Bogle and Bill Scholtens are leading so far in qualifying.
The Viera East Men’s Golf Association wishes everyone a Happy New Year.
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"Often I think back to me as that 16-year-old girl who didn’t know the first thing about being a parent. About the teen me who had the dysfunctional family and limited support. I think about where she would have been -- where I would have been -- had I not had the Healthy Families program. More important, I think about where my child would have been. I didn’t have the knowledge and resources and support that I needed to be a great parent -- and my Healthy Families Support Worker gave me that."
- United Community client mom Aira (read her full story> )
United Community's Healthy Families (HF) program is an intensive, evidence-based home visiting program that successfully prevents child abuse and neglect in high-risk families. Parents receive home-based parenting education, health information, community support and school readiness from pregnancy until the child reaches age three. Download the Fairfax County HF program flyer (pdf) >
Families who graduate from the HF program have healthier children and better parent-child interactions. Less than 1% of these families are found to later abuse their child. The program has four goals:
Promote positive parenting
Improve child health and development
Promote school readiness
Prevent child abuse and neglect
Healthy Families provides two main types of services: Family Assessment and Home Visits. A Family Resource Specialist conducts an initial Family Assessment based on the Kempe Family Stress Checklist to determine eligibility for the program as well as need for other services within the community. Depending on indicated need, the Resource Specialist provides parents with referrals to community resources. If admitted into the program, Family Support Workers provide regular Home Visits to at-risk families beginning during pregnancy and until child reaches the age of three years.
HOME VISITING SERVICES
Family Goal Planning: families develop family goal plans, which are updated regularly according to family needs.
Parenting Education: Parents learn about positive family interaction from the Parents as Teachers curriculum, which is activity-based and builds upon parents’ growing knowledge of child development.
Health Education: Parents get information on healthcare, family planning, immunizations, and other resources.
Developmental Screenings: Children receive regular developmental screenings and are referred to early intervention if delays are discovered.
School Readiness Activities: Children gain early literacy through literacy-based playgroups and activities. Depending on funding, children receive new books through partnerships with programs like The Reading Connection and Reading Is Fundamental.
Referrals: Families are referred to other community resources as needed.
Our Healthy Families program is nationally accredited by Healthy Families America, the signature program of Prevent Child Abuse America, as a provider of highest quality home visitation services. It has been recognized by the National Association of Counties for its "tremendous work and innovative ideas." Families graduate from this program when their child reaches 3 years old. Before graduating from the Healthy Families program, Family Support Workers help parents to enroll their child in an early learning center to ensure that the child will begin kindergarten with a strong educational base.
On the Path to Success
"I think about where I would have been had I not had the Healthy Families program. More important, I think about where my child would have been. I didn’t have the knowledge and resources and support that I needed to be a great parent -- and Healthy Families gave me that." Read Aira's story >
A year ago, 15 year-old Laura and her sister arrived in the United States to reunite with their parents. Money was sent to Laura and her sister for 13 years from their parents who had immigrated here to find work. However during the family’s time apart, Laura’s parents had separated. Once Laura and her sister arrived in the United States they went to live with their mother. About a year later Laura was pregnant. When her mother learned about the pregnancy, she was so upset with Laura that she kicked her out of the house. Laura went to live with her father, who was more supportive of her. However, Laura remained very angry at her mother and eventually stopped talking to her, while missing her mother’s advice and comfort as well.
After enrolling in Healthy Families, Laura’s happiness and confidence soared. She finally had another female figure she could ask questions regarding her pregnancy, changes in her body and the developing baby. Encouraged by her Family Support Worker to continue to attend school and focus on her studies, Laura’s academics also improved. Talking about her mother’s actions with her Family Support Worker, Laura was open to talking to her mother again and eventually forgave her. Recently, Laura and her mother spent the holidays together and have continued to mend their relationship. Laura has been all set with things for her baby and can’t wait to hold her baby in her arms soon!
Healthy Families in the News
Healthy Families Celebrates 2015 | AlexandriaNews.org, Dec. 2015
Investing in Families Strengthens Communities | ConnectionNewspapers.com, Mar. 2015
For Healthy Families, Prevention Begins Before Birth | Voice of America, July 2013
Home Visiting Programs Are Preschool In Its Earliest Form | The Washington Post, May 2013
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Urbex NZ
About Urbex NZ
Learn About Urbex
Our own Berlin?
Before I even have time to write another blog about whats going on in the rest of NZ I'm back in shakey city. I think life down here has mildly grown one me till we were leaving this abandoned freezing works, and this man approach's us, broom in hand, no shoes and announces he's the caretaker, he wants to know what we are doing? I chuck some story how we are cutting through the property to get to the park, he then goes on to in-from me that we'd have to cross the railway tracks, He then spots my mate who had been there days prior and tells us he had seen us before, I told him I was from Wellington (not wanting to admit I was from Auckland as the Southerns really don't seem to like the North) he mumbled how we were trespassing so I walked on, but my friend was far to kind and stayed behind talking to Mr barefoot. As I walked away he was swearing and making comments along lines of typical fucking Wellington people haha thank god I didn't say I was from Auckland I thought, might have found out where that broom could have gone.
With Christchurch's CBD still under major development, the city still lacks serious resources in the center but is vastly growing. It is ashame to see suburbs are slightly getting left behind, a friend mentioned to me that Chch reminded him of Berlin, perhaps this will be so. I just wish the council would better spend there money on beautifying the city to make it more appealing to tourists. Besides Urbex I found little tourist things to do, I did like the fact that there was a playground being constructed in the name of Margaret Mahy.
On my second to last night, we spent the evening visiting about 10 houses that where hit by the quake up on a cliff (wont mention where ) but this was the first time I got the impression anyone from the public for along time had been inside these homes, they where quite out of reach and near for demolition, million dollar views and alot of them had stunning architecture to match the view, pool houses and large balcony's.
You can often hear someone say "shit this is such a waste" when you walk through a building, and I honestly couldn't get over what was left behind in the Design and Art school. Sawing machines, computers, mannequins, desks, paint and paper etc. The further I walked through the school I become more disappointed, state of the building only added to it, such a gorgeous old girl standing tall, and what was left behind really sadden me, but this time it wasn't just our group taken by surprise, we had company, the Police! As we quickly all huddled into toilet cubicle's all 4 of us, as the Police climbed through the window after a report someone had broken into the building, listening to there banter as they worked there way through the building, this wasn't the first time I've had to wait it out while the Police searched an abandoned building, but I have to admit I forgot what the adrenaline rush felt liked, not to mention my stomach kept making these awful grumbling noises everyone could hear and person next to me kept cracking up laughing, It was embarrassing, I closed my eyes as they flashed there torches around, heavy boots stomping above us. After about half an hour they where gone. And one of the girls said out loud "I'm taking a pee" I've been stuck in a toilet for half an hour dieing to go toilet haha everything was back to normal, that was for sure.
On my last night I meet up with Jade who's into fire eating and dancing whom I had meet on my last visit and I also asked Michelle who I'd meet previously that week exploring. Invited them both out that night, this made for some really wicked photos. Check them out. Big thanks to Michelle for the photos and Jade for Fire.
Few things to remember when visiting Christchurch.
-Tinder does not come with a fairy tale ending (he may pee your bed at 5am after beers)
-Lesbian experiences should not be followed by a date
-Never take advice from you're mother or you'll have to meet her whole family
- Be curious and less cautious, you may discover the most coolest place you've never been.
-If anyone asks I'm from Eketahuna, I am not owning up to being a jaffa ever again.
What a cool time to go back to Christchurch, so many new developments where under-way, from Justice and Emergency Services Precinct to the new Bus Terminal and this time round things seemed far more established and less on edge. While remaining well-known buildings such as the Catholic Cathedral, former Forsyth Barr, Rydges Hotel and many buildings along Hereford street which we managed to explore, still remained, some old favourites (old Bus terminal, Library, Oaks to name a few) were long gone to make way for the future. The Re:START mall had grown extensively. I really fell for Christchurch this time, spending 80% of my stay Urban Exploring and the other 20% making friends with the locals and sleeping on their sofas, eating weet bix and muesli bars while hitting abandos with whoever was keen the next day.
This time around I got to visit alot of more places thanks to a young local explorer who is also right into his street art, I'm really quite fond of graffiti and have some friends in Auckland who like to go out and paint, so spending long days and late nights out with this dude was just up my ally and was lots of fun and together we pushed each others boundaries of what we both enjoyed and were capable of, we'll I think so anyway. Photo below are his.
Spending much of my time in Sumner, one of the worst hit areas, I never got to experience Sumner last time. I found a few places that hadn't been overly explored/lottied which was quite exciting.
Hiding away up upon some of Christchurch's highest roof's late at night
But my highlight really was sleeping a night in the abandoned apartments out by the Casino, said to myself if I came back to Christchurch I'd sleep it rough, but it was way to cold this time round. Catching up with the lady I made friends with at the backpackers last year was awesome, she's a real character, she really made my last trip to Christchurch a good laugh and I wasn't going to leave her off my inventory for a decent catch up over her midweek wines.
I was a very reserved quiet shy child growing up, especially at school, looking back I must have had terrible anxiety for a child. I'm a completely different person to who I was back then. Children are quite accepting and understanding, Adults are not always so good at keeping an open mind. Becoming involved in a group like Urbex NZ has taught me many things in life and I've also meet some unique/crazy/awesome people, to which each brings something of their own to the group. But it's also subjected me to harassment/slander for my opinions, choices and actions. A Wellington Urbex group disagreed because of our connection to graffiti artists and tagging, and started making videos of themselves removing the tagging/stickers and then using my real name (which was really scary) in there YouTube videos and ripping our videos off, while spreading them throughout the Urbex community internationally. I would get constant Facebook messages from fake accounts and see my videos appear slandered on other pages/forums, yes I'd reply even though friends would tell me to let it go, but you can't not when your being attacked, I'd become to defensive. All these messages would go on about what sort of person I was and run me down, and it's frustrating because you just want to set them straight and meet them in person. This person had so much power behind a computer! Our YouTube videos would have sour comments by people I didn't even know, dislikes. They even brought a .com domain similar to ours to attempt to steal our website traffic. All of a sudden it was a competition to see who could post latest locations up the fastest, I gave up posting content online.
Within our group it had drawn serious conflict whether graffiti should even be associated. It was a really stressful time, especially for my ex, this isn't the first time I've been bullied for Urbex. Back in 2008 I was attacked online and someone put fake naked pictures on a forum and tried to say they were of me.
I do leave my name in a place sometimes when I explore, if that makes me a vandal, that's your opinion. Urban Exploration doesn't have a code of conduct (nor do we have any, were all grown up's and trust one another) it only takes common sense to do this hobby. I have never once cited 'take only photos leave only pictures' because I'm an explorer not photographer. I don't think you could find anyone else who would respect abandoned places more than myself in this country. After all I started this group. I do like to bend the rules and do things differently, it’s an illegal hobby. Can't put rules on that.
My Nana ended up in Wellington hospital mid last year (old girl nearly died on me) and I pretty much had a break down, were quite close and I grew up with her. I contacted one of the members of the group and after many emails exchanged they removed the videos. I still get casual Facebook message from one of the members. It's like common banter now. But it hasn't always been and online bullying really is degrading and pathetic. NetSafe tell me that currently there is legislation going through Parliament for a bill called the Harmful Digital Communications Bill, which will (if it is passed in the form it is currently suggested) strengthen measures able to be taken against people who harass and harm people online. Fingers crossed! The thing that troubles me the most about the behaviour of this Wellington Urbex group is, where really big on anti-bullying in NZ.
I hope these people aren't role models or have children.
Trip Home
Leaving your home country and living on the other side of the world is an adventure. And, it's been interesting one :) But It will make you miss home after a while and you will crave going back and seeing all your friends and family, or just to breath the same air.
As I can afford to fly every second year or so, it's always a bit of an event for me and I'm looking forward to that moment with an excitement.
For the last few years, there has been something added to that excitement though, and I have one more thing to look forward to. Yep, you guessed it right. Urbex :D
New Zealand is a beautiful country, with some amazing places to see and visit or to live. Surprisingly there is also a lot of places to explore and I have been with my friends and Urbex NZ to some extraordinary places. Let's do more! There is something magical back home in Europe though, and now, going home will always feel like a bit of a treasure hunt!
My last trip home was about a year and a half ago.
I'll try not to bore you with my bragging about how exciting the places we visited with Urbex.cz were. But they were :D
As a part of my trip, we already had pre-planned another trip within Europe which I'll mention later.
After being in my home town Trutnov for few days and seeing my family, I have the urge to go and see things and places.
So off I went to Pardubice, a city my friend DiverZant lives in. The same night after meeting him and buying some beers for later, we didn't waste any time and went to scope some places out :)
I didn't bring my camera that time and we didn't get into the place we intended to, but that was going to change in near future.
For the next day we have planned some explores in the region. Leaving about midday (we like to sleep in..) the first place was really a coincidence.
Just on the way to another location, this little factory/workshop was just on the side of the road. The place seemed still
reasonably active and some people lived on the site but we thought why not and went in. Finding an entrance was easy, and soon enough we were in a bit of a time warp.
After a while exploring this place, we heard some voices, and as usual, adrenaline kicked in a bit.
They never knew we were there, even though we were there for quite a while with our hosts just playing hide and seek :)
After leaving this place unseen, my fellow explorer was a bit disappointed we didn't get confronted. Guess he wanted a bit more rush. His tolerance is a bit higher for this kind of drug I think.
Next stop, an old beautiful Villa, which once belonged to a high profile businessman.
Once inside, who wouldn't like to taste some vintage pickled
gherkin in a jar..
We didn't taste the gherkin..
or read some letters from the president's office dated 1948?
Just checking the surroundings nearby the Villa, where we met with a man armed with an air rifle and a woman, both being quite hostile.
They had some robberies in these buildings lately so weren't too happy with us there. So avoiding lead pellet in our body parts,
we left for other more interesting places. After that, we only made it to nearby ponds for bit of a relax :)
The Next day it was time to re-visit out first night attempt. This time we found a way easily.
What this was, I don't think I need to comment much as most people will get the idea.
Originally Telegrafia EST. 1919, bought this object and opened in 1922. First radios "Radiola" was made here in 1925.
In 1945, Telegrafia was integrated into newly established concern TESLA, making low current appliances.
The factory closed in 1990 following the end of communist after revolution in 1989.
(Source http://www.geocaching.com)
After that I left back to my hometown for a week or so. We met again as a birthday party was held at our friends place. The plan was to visit a nearby location before we get too drunk. Or was it day after the party with hangover? Can't remember :D
DiverZant knew where we were going.
After hopping over some gates and inside through broken windows, I was amazed yet again!
About two days after this, we had our tickets booked to Ukraine.
Why Ukraine? Well.. You can read more about it here :)
More photos from these locations in Czech Republic in gallery bellow:
newbies guide to exploring- locations
The biggest trouble with Urban Exploration is the legality. The most common question I'm asked (and yeah it does get old) "can you tell me some abandoned locations". So I thought out a list of the most common places I could think of that might scrap the barrel when it comes to legal and less likely to get you in trouble. In no particular order here is my top 10 of easy to possibly legal places to explore (not saying you wont get in any trouble, so this is all at your own risk) Good luck, and don't forget a torch and common sense.
1, North Head Tunnels: Auckland
Probably the most obvious especially if you live in Auckland or travel there regularly. Set up in the late 1800's North Head is worth the visit if not for the history to learn that this large defence complex was built to defend Auckland from a feared Russian attack (maybe choose a day when half the tourism sector wont be there) Drop by over to Mt Victoria too, it's even better at night. This location is on the North Shore, managed by DOC and is open to the public daily.
2, Whatipu/Bethells beach: Auckland
The first time I discovered the caves at Whatipu, we where staying at the gorgeous old historic Lodge (original homestead utilized for accommodation built in 1870). Upon the grounds there is also a large camp site (damn cheap I must say) and short distance to the beach aswell as the rather unique large sea caves which I was told in the 60's used to have a wooden dance floor and at the time this was the place to come and get your groove on. Many many years later, sand sadly has covered over it. Just a short walk past those few and you'll find the caves camp site managed by DOC. Probably only 10-15 minutes walk.
If your heading out to the beach and it's summer time and you're feeling inclined for caves and waves. Check out the sea caves at Bethells, pretty cool for first timers or kids. I like that you can walk over to Piha if you feel like a change of scenery.
3,Fort Ballance: Wellington- Shelly Bay Rd
Is a 1885 artillery battery, which was built with fears the Russians would attack. Fort Ballance is different to North Head with the exception it still remains in the heads of the Government and public access is "meant" to be sought from the Army. It is also a known graffiti/painting spot, so this would give some people mixed feelings for it's preservation, but after the short walk to the top you can appreciate why anyone would visit this place. The views on a fine day over the Bay are stunning .
4, Drains, Auckland- Anywhere
I'm not sure if encouraging people to go in drains really is the most intelligent thing to do, but nonetheless. if you don't try it.. The Australian urbex group Cave Clan have a quote "when it rains no drains". Just common sense really, perhaps don't go alone either. But drains can be alot of fun, always with a torch. People ask me, why the hell would you want to go down there? But its like a hidden set of tunnels, just never know where you'll come out. Alot of graffiti writers paint in drains, so if you come across drains like these, your probably safer exploring these ones as there probably explored regularly. My first drain and a well known in Auckland is near St Lukes, at the end of Norgrove ave.
5, Taonui Viaduct, Old Coach Rd Horopito
This has to be one of my favourite places due to just how dangerous looking it is. Completed in 1907 as apart of the North Island Main Trunk. It's about a 15-20 minute walk along a path to the Viaduct, which is now a historic gem. Climb it if your dear. You can park in a paddock on DOC land and enjoy the surroundings of the Tongariro National Park.
6, Horopito Motors, Horopito
Known infamously as "Smash Palace" due to the film. Horopito Motors is a collection of old vintage cars, the owner back in the day operated a garage and had a no scrapping policy. This is a popular place with photographers and I do see many photos from Horopito at festivals etc. If you're doing Taonui Viaduct the two together are worth the time. Entry is by donation.
7, Carlile House, Grey Lynn
Carlile House is just one of those places that should have never been allowed to waste away. Built in 1886. With such unique Italianate architecture for Auckland, which can especially be seen in the downstairs of the house. I could happily admire Carlile from the outside if it wasn't for the hideous power lines and the Tongan church next door. Carlile is owned by the Tongan church which they built in the 70's, and neglected the house. It is said, by approaching the church sometimes they may give permission. My tip would be not telling them your taking a camera.
8, Christchurch, Holy Grail of NZ
This might sound a little bit er harsh but it honestly is, theres so much to explore in Christchurch. I spent 4 days there in June and every single local I spoke to, had even explored there own city. It's never going to happen again in our life time. I really can't provide any tips as a few of us have been down there and had different experiences when it comes to security and locations. But from high rises to the old bus station and brothel (complete with whips and chains, don't ask) I think I almost saw it all. Early one morning after much to drink I was with the most eccentric 50 odd year old lady from the backpackers who kept sneaking my booze from the fridge when I'd go out, so in return I'd pinch her cooking when she'd be flirting with the younger guys. She took me to this theatre, only half remained. I wasn't that keen on Christchurch till my visit, now I'm looking forward to going back.
9,Cement Works, Wilson Rd Warkworth
Built around 1903, employing over 180 men during its operation. Sitting on grounds next to a water hole popular for swimming, the works closed 1928 not before leaving behind the impressive ruins. Pack lunch and sit by the lake or maybe venture closer, be weary people live on the surrounding property if they actually have anything to do besides bark at you, (some sort of long term camp site or of sort) The old ruins themselves have a worn down wire fence around them so don't trip.
10, Challenge House, Auckland
I wasn't sure about including Challenge house, because it's just one of those places that everyone in Auckland knows, but it's a luck of a draw whether it will be open or not. Brought by a investor in 2005 I believe, with intentions to build a Hotel but Stamford Plaza opposed consent so it sits earning property value. 3 buildings on one title, Link, Challenge and Yates house, Yates being the seed company which in the early 1900's ran there business from the building. Challenge house is well known for its graffiti and I've also spotted pictures of it in international magazines, not everyday you get a abandoned 5 storey building that large in the middle of the CBD. It's also been home to some dodgy characters over the years. I know before Wilson took the parking over again, homeless people where living downstairs and often see them take off as we'd arrive. I've never had any problems with hobos, just say hi and do my thing, although one guy did try to get $5 out of us so we could go into this abandoned house he lived in. Declined err politely.
So I hope this helps, because when people ask for locations, its abit like giving away my Urbex bible. You feel obliged to protect these places to a degree, because I have had owners email me before and vandals troll website for places, plus I enjoy doing this with people I know I can trust which is why we formed our group. The more you do this the more places you'll find and you can then share them with others etc.
As I planned my trip to Hong Kong, I thought that it would be devoid of any adventure or any abandonment because land is really rare and expensive there and any abandonment would be taken down to build new things. That’s true for 99% of Hong Kong.
I meet up with Hong Kong Urbex crew. They took me to an island called Cheung Chau, dubbed Death Island. It used have lots of people living on it, but many people have moved out due to it being so inconvenient (an hour boat ride back to Hong Kong CBD) and many suicides that took place during the early 2000's. Cheung Chau like many other small islands are the 1% of slightly more rural places filled with abandonments. We first hit the old theatre. Built in 1931, it had been running till the 1990’s but closed due to a lack of demand. Half the roof was missing, but many electrics like fans, lights and electric boxes were still intact. The folding chairs still worked but we had to wade through puddles to get through to the back stage. Through the back door there were half a dozen of other abandoned houses that weren't as interesting as the theatre.
We then headed onto a mountain that was a complete ghost town. There were hundreds of abandoned houses, this was like Urbex heaven, some from long ago and some recently. We could only get into the older homes where all the doors were knocked down. We went into a "haunted" house where there was a murder in the 70’s but after 5 minutes I got chased out by a whole army of angry mosquito's.
Next on the list was “Fong Bin” Hospital literally translating into “Convenient” Hospital. It wasn’t really convenient that inside lived a bunch of crackheads…. And the morgue was too overgrown with leaves to even see!
Rooftopping in Hong Kong was what I really looked forward to. But it was a pity most doors to the rooftops had an “alarm will sound when pushed” button. But never the less I took an elevator to a hotel’s 30th floor and took pictures… (you can barely tell it was behind glass)
Last year was a great teaser and I'm heading back early this year so I can't wait to take on HK again now having scoped some stuff out and having experienced what it's like to Urbex over there.
-Traffiklite
You can follow me on my blog http://littlegirlforgottenworld.blogspot.co.nz
During June I took a trip to Australia to catch up with family and hang out in some abandoned spots I had badly missed out on every other holiday. Spending large portion of my time in Melbourne ( has to be my favourite city, with the street art and what the city has to offer). I was treated to a wide variety of Gothic inspired architecture. I found myself inside one of Melbourne's well known Psychiatric hospitals which shut its doors in 1999 for a community approach very similar to what we did here in NZ. Surrounded by a residential area and local shops, people just casually strolling around these tall abandoned structures as they headed home from work, this was one of the most bizarre things I had ever seen. They where such a eye sore to be living next to. Pending demolishing, the place looked like a scrap yard.
I also made my way that afternoon to the old Yorkshire brewery in Collingwood, built 1880, with a brick romanesque architecture for which made it a landmark. It is currently being converted into apartments.
Shrine dedicated to those who died.
Mean while on my last day I was trying to squeeze in one last location (two to be honest but the hotel we caught the tram to had been demoed) so we headed down to the old Carlton Brewery. Just a few weeks earlier and a few of the old walls had collapsed and killed 2 passing pedestrians and putting a third in hospital. It was reported wind gusts of 115 kilometres per hour were which where believed to have caused the collapse.
While in Adelaide I caught up with the guys from Urban Exploration Adelaide, real awesome down to earth aussie bunch, who I had been conversing with online for awhile and it was nice of them to show me a few spots. Exploring a massive factory that was we'll known for graff and a historic old building in the city that easily dated back to 1900's with a gorgeous facade, they knew how to impress a kiwi. As it started to get dark we popped into a old folks home that was pretty wrecked, my day was complete! Before I flew out, my brother and I headed out to Murray Bridge where there's an abandoned amusement park, tonnes of slides, giant rocking giraffe, random puzzles (think ill let you guess the name) and even a maze. This place closed in 2007 due to sales and public liability issues, and is now to be developed into a retirement village.
I wanted to try something different, maybe ill never do it again but I wanted to write about a exploration we did. Take a read of one of our recent shenanigans, definitely one more of the more interesting ones which is why I choose to write it up. Its honest, detailed and gives you a idea of what where like, normal people :) I've choosen not to name the location!
01:30 That numb feeling of being trapped inside somewhere you can't escape, feeling hopeless and sorry for yourself, most of all the emotion of regret slowly sinking in. It was the funniest thing even though we where trapped, there was six storeys of massive unused complex to hid upon, just how we played it out and whether our hunters decided to check every level for us was there business.
Climbing over the fence crawled with barb wire, I joked to Robert saying I wouldnt be going down for this one and didn't want another pending conviction for unlawfully been in a building, what's the worst that could happen a few alarms go off and the security arrive. As we approached the building we did notice windows had since been smashed and boarded up on a lower level which we used as an exit another once before, mindless shit I thought smashing windows is just wasteful we said to one another. So clearly some vandals had paid a visit since our last explore. This really is the cycle in abandoned places, building becomes vacant and unused, decay sets in and vandals drop by and decay worsens. Oh and then theres us. I have a terrible sense of direction and been at night time I was sure I was going to get lost (again). As we walked around the buildings using as little light as possible, we decided we'd enlighten our evening by bringing along a bottle of Countdowns finest wines from under $10 each. I was quite depressed to discover the bottle shops where all closed in this place at 7pm on a Monday. I popped my top announcing we where here, took a few sips and we where off. I wanted to see the laundry room, last time we couldn't get in and since then Robert discovered how to slid his Czech ass through an above window that was open. I followed suit, thanking god I didn't put on to much weight over summer because there was a very small tight beam on the other side to catch our drop. In the dark it made it feel like we where acrobats but im sure the ground was really only a meter away and we could have jumped.
The laundry consisted of large commercial machines, there was very little left bar the washers. It was a large open concrete dirty dusty place, but its was really fascinating seeing washing machines and driers that you could squeeze one another inside of, pity we couldn't flick the button and spin it right round. Some where so big they required power to be opened with massive arms on the sides. After stumbling back up the window for fresh air we made our way to the back of the complex in hope of finding the basement, after staring at a map for about 5 minutes, we decided it was the building to the left (they both looked similar and it was hard to tell at the end of the day) we hunted around for a possible entry point, they become limited by the second, this place was pretty well held down. Most of the bottom floor windows where boarded, we found one that had become neglected over the years and pushed it aside and jumped on in, thinking we where rather clever as we had spent the last 20 minutes searching over the windows and now we where in, we got inside and discovered this end had been closed off, which looked like many years ago and where the door way to the other half of the building was, it was plastered over. From there we couldn't get we'll, anywhere but maybe 30 meters of a empty room that smelt funky. Kicking the wall a few times in the “I can't believe it we where so close” manner, we climbed out the window and I pulled the bottle of wine out of my bag and took a skull.
We carried on and went down a window and discovered the next board had been quite neglected too and we could bend it enough to get through, the windows where quite long and had been boarded up sometime ago which was working in our favour, so I held my breath and sucked it in, through the window I went, the room was rotting, wall paper was peeling everywhere and it was becoming mold central. Wet weather coming in through this window had clearly done some major damage in the past, so the carpet by now had become something from a horticulture experiment. We crept out into the hall and no alarms seemed present, the character of the building its self you had to enjoy from the inside, native timber in the structure and it had this cool old laundry shot and the doors reminded me of something out of an American tv show how they that had the slit in middle, so the top half was closed in one room so we had to do the limbo to get in. We wondered around this room and found the top floor access still looked like no one knew we where on site, so we made our way to a corridor where from the outside we spotted the sky walk. But just as I was about to push open the door there was a sensor and we backed off, we left that building and the board over the window and headed for the front of the complex not before poking our heads into a few windows and realizing that even if this place didn't have alarms, I reckon we'd be lucky to see 30% in one night.
We figured we might aswell go for the main building now, a spot light, shines upon the centre area where some construction has began, very minimal though and inside it shows slow if nil progress. Gazing up at this almost sky scraper of a building my mind wondered for a few seconds and I had a flash, you always imagine what these places would have been like active, I looked down to a glass corridor below which ran along and linked up to another set of buildings, people walking through and making there way ran through my head. Then Robert started climbing up the side of the corridor so I quickly pulled myself up knowing this wasnt going to be a quiet experience. Walking along the tin roof wasn't the most stealth way in but we had little to no other option, taking the same entry as we did last time we climbed in so far avoiding any problems. We walked down a dark long hall way and at the end was a big piece of machinery, power still running to it, it was cool to see the machine again. I poked around at the machine and buttons, I have a thing for pushing buttons so pushed all the buttons I could find while in my mind encouraged myself not to then sit on the machine for the fear it actually still might work after I went on my button pushing tangent, we hesitated to head down to the other end of the corridor as there is a sensor, Robert was telling me where going to set it off maybe we shouldn't go, last time I told him security just came don't worry don't worry. He so badly had wanted to avoid alarms all evening but he knew now was the one time we could no longer do this, we walked out from underneath the sensor and bam the bugger lite up.
But no siren this time, must be silent we both said, after all where already here why waste a good thing even if security where on there way. Whats the worst that could happen, they chase us out or call our mummys? We continued on cautiously, as familiar parts coming to me, entering the hallway we decided to go downstairs, examining the windows from the inside, it was a pity about there smashed state and now we had no easy exit. We headed down to basement area where the rooms where dark dusty but most of all concrete and no windows or light, the first room to the left was a phone server , I suppose you would call it and up a room but now empty inside written on the door “records”, if only I thought. Few other rooms where maintenance and one held the main power switches for that building, humming away loudly as I strolled past it as if I knew what each box meant, Robert was off in the distance with his camera. These large big boxes had levers that where calling out to be pushed and pulled, I reached my hand out and jiggled it a little thinking hmm maybe it will cut the entire power to everything.
I learnt my lesson to never do that again, there was incident at an abandoned location where we got quite carried away and thought we where at the circus or something, with similar looking levers. So my self control won this round. We ventured off through double doors, this took us into a ground floor area, I had no idea where I was and I liked it. Following a random phone cable we headed upstairs, it must have been temporary erected for the construction, it went across the floor just laying there as if where the only visitors it had in the past few months, then looped up some stairs where it took us into some main lobby where the lights filled the room. Looking out the doors I could see the phone cable running outside, I turned around and looked at Robert he was fixated on his looking for sensors buzz, I was giggling inside, appeared to be none and it was a new part we hadn't discovered so was exciting. We knew where we where from the outside view, as we gazed around deciding where to go next, hopefully up, some lights shone from outside, torch? Street light? God knows there was enough light surrounding this place at night. There, the light shined through the glass doors again, my heart raced, oh shit security have arrived and they where fast, must be a slow night in this town yo. The adrenaline immediately kicked in and we knew we had to make a move, Robert headed for the stairs I wasn't far behind him, I then stopped. I slowly headed back up to poke my head up, he was yelling at me in the most quiet and polite way to get going but there was something about the rush and wanting to know how far away the security was. I stood there eyes racing backwards and forth, feeling like the lights getting closer, whether it was is anyone's guess, but it had now become a game of cat and mouse especially if they where to open that door and come flying in.
It seems slightly silly because what could they do, hug on us, there only security tight? There not police. But we still knew we weren't meant to be there, yet we defy that. And I wasn't helping my own situation, as I had recently been charged for unlawfully been on a property while exploring else where, I guess after 7 odd years my luck was running out but as for tonight I wasn't keen to hang around to explain what we where doing, because the Police never understand Urbex and its probably best kept that way, and security where hot on our heels for trouble. We run off down the stairs making our way back through the dark basement and up the stairs, we headed for the level we came in on, but as soon as we started to climb the stairs which are on the covered outer part of the building, lighten up by the many street lights, we both froze. I looked out and got a sick feeling, pain hit me, weak, my friends where here. Two to three police cars surrounding the front of the building. They made me want to vomit, I could already foresee the outcome, feeling that every part of my body was weak. I was 100 percent sober all of a sudden and my most super stealth serious personality that had been on hiatus kicked in. Robert and I both got low, hugged the floor and took those stairs like Jackie Chan on crack.
Fuck was I wearing cuffs tonight or listening to some cop tell me I need to get a new hobby. We slid in the door of the level which was about half way up, and I couldnt bare to look out the window. From here we could also see the back of the building. Robert went and checked and said they had the dogs aswell. I sighed and abit of panic set in because shit started to get serious. He said we should try to get out the back window and make a run for it, I stood there gob smacked by the lengths the police had gone, I mean ok we could be stealing, but we weren't, but bringing in the dogs. What a waste of taxes payers money. Most of all why haven't security come and just done there job and we would have just been on our merrier damn way. Some Police station was bored tonight. I knew there was no way we where leaving this building while my friends loitered on the outside, I knew they'd have the whole complex and exits surrounded, sure enough we went to another side of the building which over looked a public road and another exit tapped with barb wire and there was a cop car parked there. See I said where trapped we have to sit it out, or until they find us I mumbled. We where pretty sure they where coming inside any moment. By now I was beyond caring, if they had dogs, they'd find us, so I headed for a bathroom to my right, to just sit on the toilet and feel sorry for myself, go write a facebook status while I await the outcome and cross my fingers. It had all caused abit of conflict between us both and it was quite stressful. We both found the police unnecessary but couldn't tell them that and Urbex is all about alittle law breaking baby. Robert told me I wasn't allowed to hide in the bathroom on my own. So I turned around and said to him, we need to go up then, far from them and to hide. He was off, some place had popped into his head, back onto the stairs and the sinking feeling rocked my stomach, go away stomach. Taking the stairs freaked me out, and felt like we where vulnerable to the police.
Top floor and following behind my now ninja partner. I closed the door quietly as if a baby was sleeping. We did window checks again, I told Robert off for using his torch, I'm sure he wished he had duct tape. Walking along the brown carpeted hall I felt a little safer been higher up, holding the wall for guidance, he took me to some room towards the end that held the air vents, explaining to me when he came here on his own exploring last time he found this room and thought it might end up been helpful, amen I thought. Over some dodgy pipes and bending down to miss our heads, we climbed our bodies inside some vent box that was big enough for us both, closing the metal door behind us the room became pitch black. Inside it was full of chipped all sorts of materials lingering on the bottom, could be paint, could be asbestos, I was just pleased to be in what felt like a vault right now. We sat there not having expectations of what the next hour or so might bring, but knew we'd have to sit quietly and could be for some time.
As our bums grew numb and the need to move became apparent in this confined space, it almost was a small dose of entertainment when one of us wiggled or whispered something. We become suspicious of sounds and eventually adjusted, I started to doze off then Robert said something, and we both swore we heard something outside, I just kept quiet. Minutes pasts, this turning into 15 then half an hour. I just wanted the sun to come up, might sound ridiculous but I was over the dark, surely the police wouldnt hang around very long. In our heads it was such a silly extent just to find us and we just wanted them to be gone. We where both exhausted, in wondering what the time was I knew Robert didn't want to spend all night here and my safety conscious side had claimed down by now. I suggested we take a peak, opening out the door on the vent it screamed at us, if there was anybody nearby they would have surely heard that bloody door. We both made our way into the hallway stepping over the pipes and dodging the ones above our heads as our eyes adjusted in the dark. I stood back heart racing a little I wont lie. Robert walked forward to the window, peered to the side of the curtain and looked out, lighting up the area below us was the ugly orange street lights flashing, they stood there so peacefully as if they had been watching this hole time. No cars about, foot path was empty and the sun wasn't even anywhere to be seen yet. A great sigh of relief! I joined him at the window and we both checked from a few different angles. We paced ourselves just in-case security where doing checks and headed straight down the stairs for the exit off the building onto the ground, running across the lighten up yard, then over the fence where had the biggest smiles on our faces since our arrival.
I did ask while heading there if we could have a sleep over and bring out our sleeping bags but someone wasn't keen, wet blanket. Next time ;)
Nathan..
Christmas Time kids
So it turns out I don't write enough of these, and it gets really tough between working, Urbex, and chucking up photos maintain the facebook and forum I know its not all that active but we do slide in on there and say hey, be brave and drop a post, feel free to be the first one, we all don't bite and thats what I like with our Urbex folk where all like family. If you ever wanna ask any of questions drop a comment or contact us or where open to speak to you via facebook but please don't hit us up about where locations are because where sick of repeating "Explore more Ask less". Did you consider we might be keen on you coming along with us if your really that interested? show dedication and enough interest and we'll name the time :)
These last few months have been some of the best of my life, massive old bank Vaults, live web cam streams and 15 story buildings, abandoned theaters, I'm pretty sure none of this will ever get to be repeated ever again quite like this. If theres on thing we like to do thats chill out and enjoy ourselves, and we've done that and grabbed many great photos along the way and made a few great friends who have jumped alone for the explorations.
Something cool we've been trying, yes yes I know the first was a kinda of semi failure but, Live Cast. Live Urbex on the go. How wicked is that, if you joined us the first time then you will know that I was slacking off and security caught us haha and I left the camera streaming for all to watch, they where pretty average about it and there manager was a good dude, second time it went off without a hitch, sweet. So now where sampling what and how we can use next to better improve the Cast if you have any suggestions or can help please do email as this is something we have no idea about but its fairly basic technology, been around for years, if its there we want to utilize it and share what we do with the world. Live Cast Urbex has to atleast be a world first. You can find out more about when we go online from our facebook I always chuck up a link about 30mins prior I know its not alot of warning but take into count our risks :) the great part about Live Cast is we get to interact with an audience and speak and show you around an abandoned location you perhaps otherwise are unable to visit. All locations names are kept confidential.
Its Summer time woo, who knows what we all have installed but no doubt some crazy adventure. I have a New Years party planned for us all so catch more antics with Urbex NZ in January and thanks all for dropping by.
before I'm out I found this quote tagged on a seat near an abandoned building and its stuck in my head
"Only do what you do not regret"
Go be merry, have a good one. Merry Christmas!!
Round 2!!
So recently our home was burglarised pretty much all of my Urbex content went with it. What a shit year right! Which has put me behind big time, which means they stole the photos I took while I was down in Palmy and Welly earlier this month, which was going to be for this blog update :P There was so much yet to be shared online, locations we had visited over the years yet to be seen and it's a huge pity especially the random videos we had shot, so the photos built up and I never sadly found time to edit them all, it sort of became the more exploring we did, had a photo overload and I have this rule not to delete even if there crap. At times I think we probably where abit slack and this now gives me a good reason to revisit a few locations this summer.
Moral of the story back up all of your photos/stuff on the externals and your computer 3 times if you appreciate it as much as I did, I thought I was clever having my Urbex photos on externals out of sight, but these are what where taken aswell. And then keep them in a safe place. Hidden! I was perhaps naive to leave stuff that freely laying around and have learned a strong lesson but it wont be happening again. Theres online services to back up photos utilise these, I will be from now on, most of you probably do. It's not a nice feeling the thought that someones been in your home, which I guess I already knew from Urban Exploration, "You always get the how would you feel if someone came onto your property" from people or Police Lol I've been burglarised before so its not nice, its the feeling of not getting your gear back and some assholes taken it especially the family photos of the deceased members.
On a more positive note...
I managed to escape and meet JDX from Tasmania. If anyone asks hes the master of light painting in Tazzy! I dragged him through abandoned Hospital during the early morning, Hamiltons disused train station, and a massive rusting old industrial site which was pitch black by the time we left, to name a few. Oh and he got to learn where Orewa was thanks to not knowing the motorway exits, haha hes the man if you ever need a driver to Orewa, just becareful because you could need up in Wellington :)
You can find out more about JDX and his chill shots on his FB, some of photos from his time with me is on the FB.. And I'll upload a few below to show off
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Jda-Seymour-Photography/120297141350480
Have you seen the new location Bradd put up? Check out Liberty Land, we had our beady eyes on it from the moment it shut down in 2009, Me nan used to buy her underwear's here and it has tonnes of history, Pacific brands who make Bonds and more brought the place in the 80's I believe, so for me it's pretty cool to have stuff like that made in my hometown and then visit this location.
Can't wait for Summer, remember your always welcome to drop us a line if your generally interested or currently exploring, we like hearing what other Urban Explorers are up too..
Thanks for reading =D
Nathan (Tansix)
Blogging our way through decay
Carlile House
Horror Theme
Resthome
Southdown
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Around Warrensburg
Warrensburgh Heritage Trail
Warrensburg's 2013 Bicentennial
As we embark on our third century, let it be known that Warrensburgh truly is a town “In Harmony with Its Past”.
In celebration of its two hundred year history, the Town has a twelve month long schedule of events planned to honor its cultural heritage, natural beauty, preservation and revitalization efforts . Following is a calendar of the events that were held in honor of
Warrensburg’s
In October of 2012, the Warrensburgh Historical Society published a full color Bicentennial Calendar which was sent to all of the members of the Society and was available at many shops in Warrensburg and at the Museum of Local History. The calendar consisted of over 80 photos and each day of the year contained items from over 200 years of Warrensburg's history. These calendars are still available at the Museum*
2013A few businesses sponsored Bicentennial Specials
January 1 - December 31
Warrensburg Bicentennial Menu at Lizzie Keays - 89 River St. Every Wednesday Night Dinner & Dessert $18.13 plus tax & tip.
Choice of Entrees were: Grilled Eggplant Parm, Chicken Chester or Chicken & Shrimp Jambalaya. Choice of Desserts: Apple and Cranberry Bread Pudding, Adirondack Gold Maple Cheesecake, or Triple Chocolate Ring Cake. All meals served with butter rolls and
choice of homemade soup or salad.
Heaven on Earth, 3831 Main Street, congratulated Warrensburg on 200 years by offering: Manicures for $18.00 and/or Pedicures 13% Discount off original price of $42 in honor of "1813"
January 21st - Valentine Post cards were made available. A perfect way to let your friends and relatives out-of-town know about our Bicentennial, and wish them a Happy Valentine's Day! The cards were available at the museum and Historian’s office at 4 for $1.00. If you are out of town, and want to send a Bicentennial Valentine, send $1.00 for each 4 postcards, in a self-addressed stamped envelope (large enough for postcards) to the Warrensburg Historian at PO Box 441, Warrensburg, NY 18885 before February 7th, and I will make sure that they are mailed out the next day so as to arrive back to you by Valentine's Day.
Tuesday, February 12th - This was the actual date of establishment of Warrensburgh as a town. All churches in Warrensburg will rang their bells at 6:00 PM and residents were encouraged to step outside and ring a bell at that time.
February 13th - At the beginning of the Town Board meeting, a short ceremony acknowledged the establishment of Warrensburgh. A proclamation was sent by the Governor’s office and read by Museum Director, Steve Parisi.
February 15th - The Warren County Board of Supervisors recognized the 200th Anniversary of Warrensburg at their Monthly Meeting.
February 17th - 1:00 p.m. - Warrensburgh Museum of Local History opening of Warrensburg's Bicentennial Exhibit. at the Museum which will extended through October. The exhibit included artifacts and photos from the past 200 years. Refreshments were served. Admission Free
February 23rd - The Friends of Richards Library will be sponsored a community event as part of the 2013 Bi-Centennial Celebration. Activities Included: Historical Snowman/Sculpture Contest on Library Yard, Presentation on the History of The Richards Library, a Hi-Lighted Selection of Books related to The Adirondacks or Written by Local Authors, Snacks and Warm Beverages.
March 12th - Actual date of establishment of Warren County. Churches in the county rang their bells at 2:00 PM.
March 15th - Warren County Proclamation Day. Warren County Board of Supervisors met for State and Assembly proclamations; slide presentation and more.
April - Warrensburgh Beautification Inc. and the Warrensburgh Historical Society offered packets of free Morning Glory seeds to all residents and businesses in Warrensburg, with the hope that they would plant them and turn Warrensburg “blue.”
May 17th - Adirondack Brook Trout Fishing – Past and Present. A talk and demonstration given by Mark Brown at the Warrensburgh Museum of Local History
June 12th - Warren County Bicentennial Signature Event Celebration - Started at 10 AM New York State Historian Robert Weibel presented the Bicentennial Address. Bicentennial Town markers were presented.
June 15th - Ceremonial burial of the "Unknown Oddfellows" at the Warrensburg Cemetery at 11:00 AM, was held with a reception and refreshments following at the Warrensburgh Museum of Local History. The two sets of human bones were part of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows ceremonies. When the Chapter folded, they were left behind. It is estimated they are 100-150 years old. Period Music was performed by Courtly Music Unlimited
July 4th - Warrensburgh Day
Sponsored by the Warrensburg Chamber of Commerce. The Parade kicked off at 11 am and continued on to the Recreation Field on Library Avenue. Events held at the field:
Brief ceremony and speech by Town Historian
World War II Planes Fly Over
Box lunch raffle at 1:00
Adirondack Recorder Band
Games, Entertainment, demonstrations, vendors.
July 15th - Warrensburg Tree Dedication or "The Apple Falls Not Far From the Tree" - A dedication was held at the Warrensburg Cemetery where the John Thurman Historical society presented a flowering crab apple tree to the Town of Warrensburg. In 1813 the Town of Warrensburg “fell” out of the Town of Thurman and established a separate government. The site for the planting was at the Order of Odd Fellow burial plot where the Warrensburg Bicentennial Committee had a burial. Following the dedication ceremony, a desseret and beverage reception, hosed by the Warrensburg Historical
Society was held at the Warrens burgh Museum of Local History.
July 21, 2013, 11a.m. - 4 p.m. Bicentennial
Sponsored by the Warrensburgh Beautification, Inc.
This tour featured both public and private buildings and gardens in the Town of Warrensburgh, Warren County, that were built and planted over the past 200 years. In anticipation of the Bicentennial of the Town and County the municipality, businesses and residents restored structures and enhanced landscapes to include the colors and species of plants associated with the Bicentennial of Warren County - the Black-eyed Susan, and the Bicentennial of Warrensburgh, the "Heavenly Blue" Morning Glory. Histories of both the buildings and the gardens were provided to enhance the experience of the tour and its commemoration of the Bicentennial year. Refreshments were offered along the route.
July 26th - 27th - Smokeaters - Warrensburg Volunteer Fire Company . Fireworks, games, rides, music and food were the weekends fare.
August 3 - Warrensburg Alumni Banquet, Roaring Brook. The speaker gave a talk on 200 years of local schools.
August 11th - Sticky Wicket Croquet Tournament - This annual event was made even more special by the celebration of Warrensburg’s Bicentennial, as it started as an event to bring back memories of an earlier, more gentile time. Sponsored by the Warrensburgh Historical Society.
August 17 th - $18.13 Bicentennial Lobster/Steak Bake - sponsored by Acacia Charities, Inc. -
Setember 19th – Stephen Foster’s Civil War and Other Music
Held at St. Cecilia’s Church, William Maher gave a talk on Stephen Foster and played recordings of his music.
October 18, The1813 Graveyard Walk and Dessert Buffet
At 7:00 PM at the Warrensburg Graveyard,guests walked through the graveyard and met characters from Warrensburgh's 1st hundred years followed by a dessert buffet at Cornerstone Victorian B&B. Sponsored by the Warrensburgh Historical Society.
October 25, Graveyard Walk and Dessert
At 7:00 PM at the Warrensburg Graveyard,guests walked through the graveyard and met characters from Warrensburgh's 1st hundred years followed by a dessert at the Senior Center. Sponsored by the Warrensburgh Historical Society.
October 27 Dinner With the Dead.
Characters from Warrensburg’s past sat and ate with guests. They told their stories during the dinner and dessert time. Sponsored by the Warrensburgh Historical Society.
December 7 & 8, 2013 - Twenty-Fifth Annual Christmas in Warrensburgh, sponsored by the Warrensburgh Beautification, Inc.
This treasured holiday celebration recognized not only its milestone twenty-fifth year, but also commemorated the 200th year anniversary of the County of Warren and the Town of Warrensburgh. Historic buildings hosted events that reflected not only holiday traditions, but customs and beliefs that have been shared by residents for the past 200 years. The kick off of the Bicentennial year, the theme of the 2012 Christmas in Warrensburgh was entitled “Living Off the Land” – which celebrated two hundred years of cultural heritage in the Town
of Warrensburgh and the County of Warren. December 31st 11:59 PM – A fond farewell to 2013, and start getting ready for 2014!
On February 16th the Warrensburgh Historical Society held a book signing at Lizzie Keays Restaurant for the new history book “Warrensburg, New York – 200 Years of People, Places and Events. We had printed 300 copies and by the end of the month,
were sold out. We had an additional printing and they are available at the Museum.*
*Anyone interested in purchasing a 2013 Calendar or Bicentennial Book or other items may do so by going to : Book Corner of the Warrensburgh Museum of Local History.
http://www.whs12885.org/pdf/book-list.pdf
We hope you will share with us your local history knowledge and artifacts.. Together we will weave a tale of our town's past, present and future.
Warrensburgh Historical Society
Warrensburgh Museum of Local History
Warrensburg Town Historian
The Warrensburg Heritage Trail takes you around the streets and avenues of Warrensburg, New York to discover the past of this Adirondack town located at the confluence of the Schroon and Hudson Rivers. As Warrensburg evolves let us remember to be thankful for those who have come before us...those who have created a strong foundation unto which we can build upon.
Town of Warrensburg
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