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https://apnews.com/51988c117c1b4a47b7adc2bccef29469
Kentucky Wildcats football
Lynn Bowden’s 3 TDs rally Kentucky past Arkansas 24-20
By GARY B. GRAVESOctober 13, 2019 GMT
Kentucky quarterback Lynn Bowden Jr. (1) celebrates after throwing a touchdown pass during the second half of the team's NCAA college football game against Arkansas, Saturday, Oct. 12, 2019, in Lexington, Ky. (AP Photo/Bryan Woolston)
LEXINGTON, Ky. (AP) — Besides remarkable versatility with the football in his hands, Kentucky junior Lynn Bowden also showed impressive skill remaining tight-lipped about whether he’d show his skills as Kentucky’s starting quarterback.
Once that personnel secret was announced, Bowden displayed almost every talent to rally the Wildcats past Arkansas.
Bowden accounted for three touchdowns in his first start at QB, including the go-ahead 24-yard scoring run with 6:53 remaining, to lead Kentucky past the Razorbacks 24-20 on Saturday night and end a three-game losing streak.
That victory came after Kentucky ended a week of speculation about whether Bowden or Sawyer Smith would start behind center. The Wildcats’ top receiver took first-team snaps during the bye while the banged-up Smith recovered, but the team didn’t officially announce Bowden as the starter until just before kickoff.
“Everyone kept asking,” Bowden said.
After settling that issue, the former high school quarterback and runner-up for Ohio Mr. Football went to work overcoming the Razorbacks.
Trailing 13-0, the junior led Kentucky (3-3, 1-3 Southeastern Conference) back from a sluggish offensive start with a 3-yard run late in the first half before eventually seizing the lead with a 10-yard TD pass to Clevan Thomas late in the third.
Bowden then directed a 75-yard drive ending with his second TD run and sealed the close victory with a 51-yard run in the final minutes. He finished with a career-best 196 yards rushing on 24 carries and completed 7 of 11 passes for 78 yards.
One hell of a highlight package#BringIt 😼🏈 pic.twitter.com/JtTco0un0c
— Kentucky Football (@UKFootball) October 13, 2019
Bowden’s yardage was second in program history behind Mike Fanuzzi, who rushed for 208 yards against Miami (Ohio) in 1974.
“So proud of Lynn, obviously, for what he’s done and the way he prepared for the past couple of weeks,” Kentucky coach Mark Stoops said. “But also the team, they played really good around Lynn offensively. Guys were very unselfish, they did what they had to do blocking, doing tough things on the perimeter. Just doing whatever we have to do to move the football.”
The coach also elaborated about keeping Bowden’s status under wraps.
“We felt like we were going to have to start him for a week or two,” he said. “But Sawyer was getting better, he did practice this week. It was getting close, but we invested a lot of time in that game plan with Lynn.”
It paid off as Kentucky twice overcame deficits before holding on to win before 57,060.
“I’ve got good playmakers around me outside of myself,” Bowden said. “You just give those guys a chance and they’re going to make the most of it.”
A.J. Rose added 90 yards rushing on 16 carries as the Wildcats outrushed the Razorbacks (2-4, 0-3) 330-183 and outgained them 418-305 overall. Kavosiey Smoke carried 11 times for 45 yards.
Rakeem Boyd rushed for 134 yards and two touchdowns, including a 74-yard TD run on the game’s second play, as Arkansas took a 13-0 lead. His 2-yard TD put the Razorbacks ahead 20-17 but they ended up losing their 14th consecutive SEC game and third close contest in a row overall.
“I didn’t feel like we executed in the key moments we needed the most to get a stop, get the ball,” Arkansas coach Chad Morris said. “Where we are as a program right now, we get the ball in the red zone, we’ve got to score touchdowns and we were unable to do that. Especially early on when he had the momentum.”
THIRD-DOWN DRAMA
Kentucky ended up converting 7 of 14 chances on the money down but only after missing several short-yardage opportunities that added urgency to its comeback. Arkansas was 6 of 13 on third down.
Arkansas: The Razorbacks got the start they needed with Boyd’s TD run on the game’s second play and Connor Limpert’s field goals of 28 and 44 yards. The offense stalled from there, Ben Hicks replaced Nick Starkel and ended up leading a go-ahead TD drive, but the defense struggled to contain the quick and versatile Bowden.
Kentucky: After coyly avoiding answering whether Bowden would start ahead of Smith, coach Mark Stoops went with the versatile receiver. The Wildcats’ execution struggled at times, but Bowden provided the needed spark.
The defense also had three sacks and made several big plays late to preserve the homecoming win.
Arkansas hosts No. 12 Auburn on Saturday.
Kentucky visits No. 3 Georgia on Saturday, seeking to end a nine-game losing streak against the Bulldogs.
More AP college football: https://apnews.com/tag/Collegefootball and https://twitter.com/AP_Top25
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Govt reduces budget of higher & technical education dept
ITANAGAR, May 16: The Government of Arunachal Pradesh has reduced the annual fund of the Directorate of Higher and Technical Education (DHTE) from Rs 64 crore in 2016-17 to Rs 62 crore in 2018-19.
This was informed during the meeting of the officials of directorate with principals of the government colleges of the state held here on Monday.
Speaking on the occasion, Deputy Director of DHTE, A Jongkey briefed the gathering that out of Rs 62 crore, more than Rs 40 crore is meant for the award of stipend, while the remaining amount of Rs 20 crore is for student commitment expenditure as well as developmental activities in all the government run higher education institutions.
Accordingly, he stressed that expenditure of funds should be used appropriately, so that quality is maintained and work completed on time.
Finance and Account Officer of the department, AK Saha also informed that all colleges must submit monthly and quarterly expenditure statements regularly to the directorate for free flow of funds to the institutions.
Principal Dr Milorai Modi suggested having a meeting before finalization of the Annual Operating Plan (AOP) with all the principals to address the core and specific issues relating to HEIs in the state.
In support of his views, another Principal Dr K Megu also stated that planning process must be from bottom-up.
The DHTE has noted that planning must be inclusive.
Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) Deputy State Project Director, Minto Ete highlighted about various initiatives under his department. He informed that Rs 2.5 crore was sanctioned to Dera Natung Government College (DNGC) for infrastructure development. Ete urged officials of DNGC to submit utilization certificate along with photographs for onward submission to MHRD to release the third and final instalment.
“Under infrastructural grant, six colleges have been given Rs. 2 crore each in RUSA. DPGC, Kamki has completed all formalities but Government College in Bomdila, IGGC in Tezu, WRGC in Deomali and RFGC in Changlang are to follow up by submitting the respective UCs for further receipt of third instalment from the MHRD”, said the deputy SPD and requested the principal of Government College, Doimukh to submit the project proposal under RUSA.
He further informed of the problems of convergence from the erstwhile UGC MDC Scheme to RUSA 1.0. Regarding the faculty recruitment support, 25 posts had been sanctioned and approved by the MHRD and file is under process for recruitment against these posts by APPSC, he added.
Director of Higher and Technical Education Dr Tayek Talom took up the issue of quality work and time-bound delivery of infrastructural facility in the institutions. He asked the principals of respective colleges to constitute a monitoring unit to not only ensure timely execution of work but also to maintain the quality.
The director strongly urged to the principals not to succumb to the pressure from organizations that hampers the growth of the institution in the long run.
“For the future welfare of the institution, principals must ensure strict monitoring in academic as well as administrative areas of the institution”, he added.
Dr N T Rikam, principal of DNGC, enquired about the status of BEd and anthropology courses, which were supposed to start at his college. He further informed that the Shikshak Bhawan constructed in the campus of the DNGC under SADA is almost complete and must be furnished properly along with posting of MTS, caretaker, cook, chowkidar, etc to make it operational and functional.
He also drew the attention of the directorate and appealed it to take up the matter with the secretary of education.
Previous articleGoto Ete sworn-in as state information commissioner
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Series & Tours
Ashes’19
ARYSports.tv
Pakistan defy all odds by winning Lord’s Test match
Muneeb Farrukh
Pakistan's Mohammad Amir (C) celebrates with team mates after taking the wicket of England's Jake Ball for 3 runs on the fourth day of the first Test cricket match between England and Pakistan at Lord's cricket ground in London, on July 17, 2016. Pakistan won the 1st test by 75 runs. / AFP PHOTO / IAN KINGTON / RESTRICTED TO EDITORIAL USE. NO ASSOCIATION WITH DIRECT COMPETITOR OF SPONSOR, PARTNER, OR SUPPLIER OF THE ECB
“It will be an exciting series but I can’t see Pakistan winning a match,”
The aforementioned statement came from former England all-rounder Ian Botham just days before the first Test match at Lord’s. Cricket is a funny game and jumping to conclusions too early is the last thing you want to do especially when you have got Pakistan in the fray.
Pakistan registered a historic win at Lord’s after a long gap of 20 years and once again proved that they are a force to reckon with whether it’s in the sub-continent or outside it. Misbah-ul-Haq and his men were under the quash before the Test series and many had predicted that the Men in Green will be facing a stiff challenge in the shape of England away from home but the team defied all odds and triumphed where the roots of cricket lie that is the ‘Home of Cricket’.
The match was a fascinating contest and fortunes fluctuated throughout the match with both teams eager to start off the series with a win.
Misbah’s leadership
Misbah’s leadership played a key role in Pakistan’s win as he rallied the troops in fantastic manner. His astute captaincy skills were on show during the entire Test match and not to forget the commanding century in the first innings which set the tone for Pakistan and put them on track for victory. His press-ups after inscribing his name on the honours board were a treat to watch for the people witnessing live on the ground and back home in Pakistan.
Misbah’s calm demeanour and ability to assess situations accordingly was of pivotal importance throughout the match and he ensured that he focused rather than folding up when squeezed during various stages of the match. One such instance of this was the 6th wicket partnership between Woakes and Bairstow which looked like taking the game away from Pakistan but he persisted with his bowlers which finally paid dividends.
Yasir Shah spins magic
Leg-spinner Yasir Shah was the centre of attention after picking up five wickets on a day 2 pitch to everyone’s surprise because the pitch was not taking that much turn but Yasir proved his critics wrong who had through the spinner would struggle in England as he has no experience of playing outside the sub-continent. Even legendary leg spinner Shane Warne, who is commentating during the series, was impressed with the way he bowled and was all praise for the talented Pakistani spinner throughout the match.
Combined team effort
Another bright spot in Pakistan’s win was that it was not all about the same old faces of Pakistani team providing the major contributions because other players, who were playing in England for the first time, came to the rescue when they were required most and showed that team work always provides the best result.
When Pakistan were reeling at 60/4 in the second innings and at that stage the likes of Sarfraz Ahmed and Asad Shafiq amped it up and brought Pakistan back in the match with crucial knocks. Rahat Ali, in the bowling department, provided crucial breakthroughs when they were needed most and hence showed that he is an important part of the Pakistani pace battery despite the fact that Wahab and Amir were making all the headlines.
Amir makes a successful comeback
Before the Test match the hype surrounding Mohammad Amir gained all the attention and fast bowler settled in rather nicely into Test cricket. Although he was unlucky in the first innings as some catches went down off his bowling but he bowled in good areas. It was fitting ending for Pakistan that Amir took the last wicket in the match and gained redemption at the same venue where he was found guilty of spot-fixing six years ago.
The second Test match between Pakistan and England is scheduled to take place at Old Trafford, Manchester where England will look to level the series meanwhile Pakistan will go into that Test match with high spirits after their memorable win at Lord’s.
Misbah-ul-Haq
Pakistan vs England
Yasir Shah
Previous articleKid celebrations, Pakistan vs England, 1st test Lords
Next articleEdhi workers pays tribute to Pakistan cricket team
http://www.sportsblog.com/blog/muneebfarrukh.SportsBlog.com
Muneeb Farrukh is a blogger from Karachi currently doing his ACCA after having completed his O & A levels. He is a true sports aficionado and in particular a cricket enthusiast. The writer is also editor at ARY web sports. His twitter handle is @Muneeb313_
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Brexit und was er für mittelständische Firmen aus dem Vereinigten Königreich bedeutet
Veröffentlicht am 11 Dezember 2017 18 Dezember 2017 Autor Stephan MuehlemannKategorien Industry news, Uncategorized, XaaSSchreibe einen Kommentar zu Brexit und was er für mittelständische Firmen aus dem Vereinigten Königreich bedeutet
2019 is lurking around the corner
The continuous stream of essays, articles and other publications plus the permanent news coverage about upcoming Brexit suggests that this is truly an event of unsurpassed magnitude for both the EU and the UK. Sometimes it looks like there is at least modest progress, but often enough this is being followed upon by an immediate setback. As problematic, bureaucratic and annoying the implications on workers and their families from EU countries – and vice versa – might be, the consequences for the economies and therefore for any company will be far greater.
In the past couple of months, there has been a steady exodus of highly-paid jobs in the finance industry from London to Paris, Frankfurt, Dublin, Amsterdam and other European cities but this has mainly been a process driven by large corporations. Small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs), however, have largely remained passive rather than taking active measures. The result of this passivity could be devastating.
Exit from Brexit?
Many mid-sized companies have either chosen to ignore upcoming Brexit or decided that there will be a “Soft Brexit” which would still enable the British economy to participate in the single market or – even more daring – that the Brexit will never happen and an “Exit from the Brexit” would render any escape scenarios or “Plan B’s” useless. Not looking at the harsh reality as it starts to unfold in front of our very eyes is not only risky, for companies it means to possibly lose market share, deal with higher cost and added complexity as well as having to deal with a more bureaucratic process when doing business with the EU.
The truth for SMBs
The vast majority of SMBs in the UK export to the EU, and this is unlikely to change because selling to more distant markets is even more challenging for SMBs. According to the findings of a survey commissioned by the foreign exchange and payments business, OFX, SMBs from the UK are embracing Brexit as an opportunity at first, but when one digs deeper a more frightening truth emerges. The UK domestic market has weakened. According to the Quarterly Inflation Report (August 2017) published by the Bank of England the spending power of the UK’s consumers is deteriorating. In the face of Brexit’s uncertainty, employers are continuing to hold wages down and freeze investments. As a result, consumer spending is under further pressure which led the Bank of England to cut its growth forecast for 2017.
Should UK SMBs focus on New Markets rather than the European Union?
Many British SMBs have initially seen Brexit as an opportunity rather than as a threat and started to investigate overseas markets. In fact, as entrepreneurs tend to be optimistic about their own businesses, many British SMBs believe a break with the EU will leave their company better off or will have no impact altogether. Interestingly enough, the same SMBs are not at all optimistic when it comes to the future of the British economy as a whole – only 37 % see an improvement happening and less than half think the current British government around Prime Minister May has their interests at heart.
Now although a weakening British Pound against a strengthened Euro (but the British Pound is also getting stronger against the US Dollar) helps the export-oriented industry, one key threat remains: according to the Office for National Statistics a whopping 44 % of Britain’s exports go to the EU – £220 bn. out of £510 bn. Recent analysis estimates the additional cost to Britain’s exports at £4 – £6 bn. per year – in the best case as different market standards and regulations have not been priced in yet. Ma(n)y might hope for a last-minute free trade agreement but as the recent EU-Canada trade deal took 7 years to agree – a speedy agreement does not look all that realistic.
Let’s highlight a couple of key concern areas:
Over the past 40 years, most companies have designed and implemented integrated supply chains based on rules which have been relatively clear and stable for decades. Those rules are – after Brexit – obsolete and need to be re-negotiated and re-established. A large part of the challenge actually lies in intermediate products. There is, for example, no British automotive industry and no British textile industry, but a European automotive industry and a European textile industry. Metals, camshafts, yarns and chemicals used for the textile industry, machinery, technical textiles, timing belts and so on are being used to either make intermediate products or finished and customer-ready products which are in return being sold in the UK, in the European Union or globally.
SMBs are facing a particular threat – they usually lack the financial firepower to simply redesign their existing supplier ecosystem. Also, in many cases, replacing a supplier who delivered high-quality products with a new one due to customs- or trade-related reasons could mean also endangering the quality of the finished product.
The consultancy company Bain & Co. has warned already 10 months ago that disruptions to supply chains could cut the profits of companies from British key industries by as much as 30 %.
Etailers
The UK has been one of the most innovative countries in terms of the speed E-Commerce has introduced. According to a report by “the Global Retail E-mpire” the UK is far ahead in the penetration and internationalization of E-Commerce compared to countries such as Germany or France. Britain has, simply, been one of the leaders in online innovation and when the domestic retail market has stagnated, E-Commerce sales have grown steadily between 10 to 20 % per year. Fashion giants like Topshop have successfully transformed their cutting-edge approach to fashion into the online world and new players like Asos or Missguided have once again cemented the UK’s reputation for fast-forward thinking in online innovation whereas UK-based incubators continue to pump new start-ups into the market. But as much of the revenue comes from sales to customers based in the European Union this success is likely to come to a halt. As many emerging markets such as Russia, Brazil and increasingly China started to contract or already shrunk due to economic or political reasons, access to the European Union’s single market is crucial for the long-term success of British online retail, not only because of providing quick access to its vast market of more than a half a billion people but also because many sought-after highly talented employees can be sourced easily.
What are the options?
British key online players Next and Asos have already announced to build up warehouses in Germany in order to be prepared for the post-Brexit years. For most SMBs, however, simply investing tens of millions for a new distribution centre in Central Europe is unrealistic. As a result, many of British SMBs are somewhat paralyzed and have not planned for a solution on how to still access the EU single market after Brexit. What can be done? Apart from hoping that everything will turn out just fine and Brexit will either be smooth and pleasant or the EU will simply accept a free trade agreement with the UK without, for example, the free movement of people, there are a couple of options British SMBs can evaluate:
1. Set up your own distribution centre
Many large corporations have done this already or are planning to do so. Setting up your own distribution centre in a EU country enables you to control all processes, guidelines and simply speaking – puts you in control. The downside is a very high cost, potentially long development time frame and the need to build all the necessary skills yourself including a local and trustworthy management.
2. Set up a joint infrastructure
Finding like minded companies of a similar size or industry helps to reduce both cost and the need to invest in specialized skills while enabling SMBs to benefit from combined knowledge. On the other hand, reaching agreements on a joint strategy is not always easy.
3. Join a platform (XaaS)
Over the past couple of years an advancement of both technology and logistics have led to the creation of what is commonly known as “XaaS” or “Everything as a Service”. XaaS platforms enable SMBs to grow modular and flexible whilst benefitting from professional skills. “XaaS”-modules such as “Operations-as-a-Service” can be a great way for British SMBs to do business in the EU without having to invest large sums of money but as they are more demanding in the way processes interlock they require a certain amount of preparation.
Brexit offers a handful of potential advantages to British SMBs such as faster access to global markets minus the “burden” of having to follow EU regulations. Many of these potential advantages could be nothing more than just wishful thinking as the difficulties in negotiating beneficial trade deals in the past months have already shown. Joining forces with like minded SMBs could be an interesting option for some whereas talking to providers of logistics and distribution platforms might be an option to consider for companies who have already well-structured and documented processes which simplifies the integration of third-party services. Running your own shop in the EU is the most costly but also the most flexible option.
Currently, the EU signed trade agreements with 57 countries – agreements which took years to prepare, negotiate and implement – a task which is monumental, in particularly considering the tight schedule. As the UK will have to negotiate dozens of trade agreements with different countries this means automatically doing business under standard WTO-agreements.
As the UK government continues to fail in convincing the voters in the UK about truly mastering the strategic challenge the UK is facing, British SMBs should analyse the situation carefully and look for independent advice which focuses on the economic reality rather than political or cultural bias.
© 2017, Aryxe Group
www.aryxe.com
Sources: Bank of England, UK Trade Office for Statistics, Reuters, Bloomberg, Forbes, OFX, Wikipedia, Fashion Online UK 2017 Report
Günther Oettinger spricht über die Gefahren der Cyberkriminalität und Chance für das IT-Business in Osteuropa
Thomas Firnkorn, der geschäftsführende Gesellschafter der Gaildorfer Cloudunternehmung T&T Cloud Crowding Solutions, hat uns zu einer interessanten Präsentation mit Günther Oettinger eingeladen. Oettinger ist EU-Komissar für Digitale Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Während mehr als einer…
Manager für einen Tag
„Manager für einen Tag“ ist eine populäre und beliebte Initiative in Bulgarien welche dieses Jahr zum 15. Mal durchgeführt wird. Der Event findet am 17.11.2016 statt. Hier treffen Ausbildung und Business aufeinander und…
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The Pema Tseden Project (3/11)
Home Hong Kong/Chinese News Watch: Complete Version of ‘GSD’ with Tony Jaa, Donnie Yen and Other...
Hong Kong/Chinese News
Watch: Complete Version of ‘GSD’ with Tony Jaa, Donnie Yen and Other Action Stars
Arnav Sinha
Tony Jaa in GSD (2017) (Source: Jetli.com)
If watching Jack Ma going toe-to-toe with Donnie Yen and Jet Li got you excited in the trailer we shared yesterday, here’s the complete 22-minute version of the short film Gong Shou Dao, or GSD, to get your cup overflowing. Watch Ma in one-on-one combat with Wu Jing and Jacky Heung (League of Gods) and more. And there’s even a Muay Thai vs. Tai Chi show-off with Tony Jaa.
Featuring Jack Ma as a Tai Chi master, this film is supposed to have been the widely admired entrepreneur’s decade-long dream. Apart from helping him pair up with some top martial arts stars, and act as a promotion for the Double Eleven Shopping Festival at Alibaba, this should also help his long-held goal of making Gong Shou Dao, a form of Chinese Kung Fu, popular enough to become an Olympic sport.
Action masters Sammo Hung, Yuen Woo-ping and Tony Ching (Source: Jetli.com)
About the only thing worth criticizing about GSD, which also showcases a bit of Ma’s acting talents, is that it’s way too short. Imagine a full length movie that brings together all these stars, and has choreography by the greats Sammo Hung, Yuen Woo-ping and Tony Ching (House of Flying Daggers, Curse of the Golden Flower). We’ll leave you with that thought to watch (and re-watch) this little gem.
(Source: Jetli.com, Radiichina)
Gong Shou Dao
Jacky Heung
Sammo Hung
Tony Ching
tony jaa
Wen Zhang
Wu Jing
yuen woo ping
Film Review: Ip Man 4 (2019) by Wilson Yip
Fighting Spirit Film Festival brings to London a preview screening of “Ip Man 4: The Finale” + Q&A
IP MAN 4: THE FINALE In Select Theaters Nationwide December 25th from WellGo USA
Trailer for Upcoming Hong Kong Film “Ip Man 4”
Film Review: Sha Po Lang (2005) by Wilson Yip
Film Review: Big Brother (2018) by Kam Ka Wai
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Chromosome transfer and recombinant formation with deoxyribonucleic acid temperature-sensitive strains of Escherichia coli.
D. R. Stallions, R. Curtiss
Genetic Conjugation
Bacterial Chromosomes
Coliphages
Bacterial DNA
Chromosome Mapping
Haploidy
Genetic Recombination
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Stallions, D. R., & Curtiss, R. (1971). Chromosome transfer and recombinant formation with deoxyribonucleic acid temperature-sensitive strains of Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology, 105(3), 886-895.
Chromosome transfer and recombinant formation with deoxyribonucleic acid temperature-sensitive strains of Escherichia coli. / Stallions, D. R.; Curtiss, R.
In: Journal of Bacteriology, Vol. 105, No. 3, 03.1971, p. 886-895.
Stallions, DR & Curtiss, R 1971, 'Chromosome transfer and recombinant formation with deoxyribonucleic acid temperature-sensitive strains of Escherichia coli.', Journal of Bacteriology, vol. 105, no. 3, pp. 886-895.
Stallions DR, Curtiss R. Chromosome transfer and recombinant formation with deoxyribonucleic acid temperature-sensitive strains of Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology. 1971 Mar;105(3):886-895.
Stallions, D. R. ; Curtiss, R. / Chromosome transfer and recombinant formation with deoxyribonucleic acid temperature-sensitive strains of Escherichia coli. In: Journal of Bacteriology. 1971 ; Vol. 105, No. 3. pp. 886-895.
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author = "Stallions, {D. R.} and R. Curtiss",
journal = "Journal of Bacteriology",
T1 - Chromosome transfer and recombinant formation with deoxyribonucleic acid temperature-sensitive strains of Escherichia coli.
AU - Stallions, D. R.
AU - Curtiss, R.
JO - Journal of Bacteriology
JF - Journal of Bacteriology
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Facts / research
Documentation & Doping analysis
Importers wanted worldwide
The research behind Avant-Garden
The landscape architect Endre Vik has met all challenges like avant-gardes during his professional life. The climatic conditions in Norway have given him a continuous challenge and he has met these challenges with a scientific approach. This is why the relationship between the plants culturing conditions and their immune defence system is of great interest to him. To improve the growth of certain plants in rough weather and during harsh conditions, he invented an organic soil has met with scientific recognition and has been highly appreciated for its ability to increase the crop. Several experiments performed at the Norwegian University for Life Sciences have scientifically documented this. The soil has met with approval by the Norwegian Authority for Ecological Culture. Plants grown in this soil increase their content of chlorophyll and carotenoids, which represent fundamental and important components in the plants immune system and in our own.
Only plants can synthesize the bioactive components that we are so dependent on and they are vital to our own immune system.
How can plants improve the immune system ?
This is a basic concept and a reason why food and nutritional experts at WHO and UN strongly recommend an increase in the amount in the amount of vegetables and fruit we eat daily. This would reduce coronary and heart related diseases, cancers and other illnesses by 70% it is estimated. When Endre Vik saw his results, he made a link between plants and the human immune system and as a result, he took the initiative to examine this further. He contacted the Norwegian Authority for Ecological Culture to organise a cross sectional seminar with participants from all over Europe specialised in medicine, pharmacy, nutrition and plant physiology. The seminar took place at Ås in Norway June 1 1999 and was organised by the Norwegian University for Life Sciences, the Norwegian Institute of Plant Research and the Norwegian Research Council. In his presentation Endre Vik announced that he had obtained a patent for his product, Avant-Garden, and he presented his view about similarities between the behaviour of plant and human defence systems. He explained the plants bioactive ingredients as equivalent to the human defence system and the way the systems are working, this turned out to be quite a revolutionary discovery with tremendous consequences, which will now be available to everybody as the product Avant-Garden.
Avant-Garden is not a replacement of “5-a-day” but an addition, a balanced food supplement.
What is Avant-Garden doing to the virus ? Trapping it !
Both in the plants and within us, the immune systems are constantly at work to protect the host from harmful micro organisms. It all starts by identification of the intruding micro organism, then attacking and destroying it. This very complex procedure needs to receive the correct nutrition and energy to stay on the alert. It is here that the plants come into picture (vegetables and fruit) with their bio active substances. Amongst other things these substances help mobilise the complement system which non-specifically dismantle bacteria and viruses. In order for the complement system to be efficient, you need a daily refill of the appropriate substances. It is here Avant-Garden comes in. In addition, Avant-Garden is also a very strong antioxidant.
This figure can illustrate just any virus with the protein envelope and the structures that will attach to the cell that the virus is trying to infect.
The complement system of our immune system triggers via the lectins path. Plants that are components of Avant-Garden contain potent lectins. In humans, lectins are stored in the liver, the brain, the spleen, kidneys, intestines and the gametes.
Further, patients who have been through cytotoxin/radiation treatments have reduced levels of lectins. This suggests that the addition of lectins present in Avant-Garden can improve the effect of the treatments and reduce the need for antibiotics. From time to time, we hear of people surviving the most severe illnesses, only to be troubled with something quite different, like pneumonia, and die of that rather than the cancer or what else they suffered from. Avant-Garden strengthens both the non-specific front line defence of the skin and the mucous membranes, which is where the infection often starts, but also the more specific defence mechanisms. This was what Endre Vik discovered when he realised that the plants had their own immune system in 1992, had it verified in the human immune system in 1995 and received acknowledgements for his findings in 1997.
Results from a Clinical Study
This diagram illustrates the reduction in events of common colds in a Clinical Study with 90 medical students performed at the Institute of Microbiology and Immunology at the Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Norway. The effect of Avant-Garden was studied in 17 different blood analyses. The group that received placebo tablets had colds throughout the 3 months testing period, whereas the students that took 1 tablet of Avant-Garden each day had a reduction in the number of colds the first month but an increase during the next month. This is probably due to exposure of more viruses in the environment.
However, in the group that took 3 tablets of Avant-Garden daily, there is a clear and significant decline in the number of colds that they contracted during the 3 months.
Today it is equally important to demonstrate that a food supplement improves the immune functions, as it is to show that it is not harmful by inducing allergic reactions or other adverse effects. The chemical analyses at Haukeland University Hospital in Bergen proved that there is no risk taking the Avant-Garden tablets.
Persons that have had organ transplants, as kidney and heart must always consult their surgeon or doctor, because a stronger immune system can interfere with the immune suppressive medication these persons take to prevent rejection of their transplanted organs.
Take the research results seriously !
During the time from the invention of Avant-Garden until today a considerable number of persons have taken Avant-Garden over longer time periods and have got rid of illnesses and various infections and symptoms such as influenza, colds, sickness, recurrent herpes wounds, bronchitis and pneumonia.
Herpes simplex is a very common virus, approx. 90% of the world’s population have had this infection and are carriers of the virus. For some persons reactivation of their Herpes virus causes serious problems with pain and open wounds in the face, in the mouth and on other parts of the body.
Avant-Garden firstly reduces the wounds and after some time it prevents the reactivation. The condition of the skin improves due to pigmentation from the ingredients in Avant-Garden and as a result, you will be able to take the sun easier. The hair and nails gets stronger. Insect bites get milder and less itchy. Endre Vik himself has got rid of an arthritis that was the result from cold and draughty rooms during the time as a student. For everybody with a reduced immune system, Avant-Garden and the non-specific complement system will protect against fungus infections such as Candida and urinary infections.
It probably tells us more than anything else that Avant-Garden is a natural product to build up a healthy body full of vitality and energy, a product for general feeling of well being, by a daily intake as a natural addition to your diet.
Avant-Garden will not be a substitute for the “5 – a – day” but an addition to, and as such a balancing food supplement for important functions in life.
Take up to 3-4 tablets for every breakfast together with some fat like cod liver oil, omega-3 capsules, olive oil, rape seed oil or seal oil. At times of ongoing infection (colds, Herpes etc.) take additional 2-3 tablets for dinner.
When the infection is over you can return to your ordinary daily dose of Avant-Garden.
Children may have 1 tablet of Avant-Garden for each 20 kg. of body weight. In case of an active ongoing infection, use the same dose for dinner too. When the infection is over you may return to the usual dose. To avoid the danger of suffocation it is best to crush the tablet with a tablespoon and mix it in the child’s food.
Avant-Garden AS
N-3191 Horten.
NORWAY.
E-mail: post@avant-garden.no
Internet address: www.avant-garden.no
Professor Birgitta Åsjø at the University of Bergen, Norway says:”Avant-Garden is a sensational preventive product !” She is leader of the Norwegian Competence Centre for HIV & AIDS and is one of the world’s leading specialists on viruses.
The Norwegian State
The Norwegian State by its economical support organization Innovation Norway, gave economical support to produce and to introduce Avant-Garden at the Norwegian market because they was convinced Avant-Garden will contribute highly to the reduction of the absence from work.
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Copyright © 2002 - 2020 Avant Garden AS
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BT Sport Ultimate channel now offers 4K, HDR and Dolby Atmos playback
The premier league season is about to start and BT is about to heat things up with their launch of a new TV channel: BT Sport Ultimate.
OK, it’s a rebrand of the existing BT Sport 4K UHD channel, but will become the new home of football on BT, and will be broadcasting live matches in 50 frames per second 4K Ultra HD, HDR and with Dolby Atmos.
BT Sport Ultimate will launch for the new premier league season and will show BT’s Premier League matches, plus a selection of Champions League and Europa League matches, with the promise of more 4K content to come. The first match was on Sunday’s FA Community Shield match between Manchester City and Liverpool.
With the addition of HDR on Sky TV for its customers, colour reproduction will be greater than ever.
Available on smart TVs, laptops, Xbox, PlayStation, Apple TV, tablets and phones, BT is keen to point out the benefit of HDR on mobile, which it says will maximise “the colour and definition capabilities” of its live football coverage.
Only Max 4K package customers can get the new channel, which will also be made available free of charge to EE mobile customers.
BT Sport Ultimate replaces BT Sport 4K UHD on both BT TV and VIRGIN MEDIA. On BT TV, you will get BT Sport Ultimate on channel 433 and on Virgin Media it will be on channel 531. It is not available to sky customers, as was the case with BT Sport 4K UHD.
Top UK TV broadcasters have been looking to grow their 4K offerings as of late, recently Virgin Media announced that in 2020 they will be adding more 4K UHD channels.
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Caught On Cam: Zookeeper Attacked By Lion In Front Of Visitors During Feeding Time
Published by Robert Ochieng , in Animals — December 13, 2019
A video, which is viral on the internet right now, shows a zookeeper being attacked by a lion when a man was trying to feed it in front of a group of people.
In the video, a staff member can be seen throwing raw meat into the enclosure of the lion when the wild cat decided to attack the staff.
The lion attacked the man, biting down on his arm through the bars, and grabbed him closer to the enclosure.
The incident reportedly happened at the Karachi Zoological Gardens in Karachi, Pakistan.
The staff tries to break free, but the lion tightens its grip and keeps him close to him.
As the attack was going on, other employees of the zoo watched and did nothing.
People who were watching the lion shouted and hissed at the animal, with hopes of scaring it away.
Eventually, the lion stops the attach and lets go of the man.
After the attack, the man sits on the ground in shock as blood was pouring out of his injured arm.
Reports suggest that the zookeeper was rushed to the Civil Hospital Karachi, where he was treated for his injuries.
The man is reportedly in a stable condition.
Qamar Ayub, the director of the Karachi Zoological Gardens, said, “Our staff member was provided immediate treatment and he’s stable now.”
The director added, “It’s an unfortunate incident and we have all sympathy with the zookeeper. We are providing the best possible treatment to him and hope that he would be back home in two to three days.”
The zoo released a statement about the incident, where they pointed out that the zookeeper violated the policies of the zoo.
The director said the man was feeding the lion from the wrong end of the enclosure, which placed his life at risk.
The man sustained cut injuries on his arm and is currently recovering from the injuries. Official reports said the man is in a stable, yet serious condition.
Home » News » Animals » Caught On Cam: Zookeeper Attacked By Lion In Front Of Visitors During Feeding Time
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Sowing Seeds: Luis Gonzalez (B’15) Finds Success in a New Generation of Entrepreneurs
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The Bold 'Prentice
Young Ottley’s father came to Calcutta in 1857 as fireman on the first locomotive ever run by the D.I.R., which was then the largest Indian railway. All his life he spoke broad Yorkshire, but young Ottley, being born in India, naturally talked the clipped sing-song that is used by the half-castes and English-speaking natives. When he was fifteen years old the D.I.R. took him into their service as an apprentice in the Locomotive Repair Department of the Ajaibpore workshops, and he became one of a gang of three or four white men and nine or ten natives.
There were scores of such gangs, each with its hoisting and overhead cranes, jack-screws, vices and lathes, as separate as separate shops, and their work was to mend locomotives and make the apprentices behave. But the apprentices threw nuts at one another, chalked caricatures of unpopular foremen on buffer-bars and, discarded boilers, and did as little work as they possibly could.
They were nearly all sons of old employees, living with their parents in the white bungalows of Steam Road or Church Road or Albert Road—on the broad avenues of pounded brick bordered by palms and crotons and bougainvilleas and bamboos which made up the railway town of Ajaibpore. They had never seen the sea or a steamer; half their speech was helped out with native slang; they were all volunteers in the D.I.R.’s Railway Corps—grey with red facings—and their talk was exclusively about the Company and its affairs.
They all hoped to become engine-drivers earning six or eight hundred a year, and therefore they despised all mere sit-down clerks in the Store, Audit and Traffic departments, and ducked them when they met at the Company’s swimming baths.
There were no strikes or tie-ups on the D.I.R. in those days, for the reason that the ten or twelve thousand natives and two or three thousand whites were doing their best to turn the Company’s employment into a caste in which their sons and relatives would be sure of positions and pensions. Everything in India crystallizes into a caste sooner or later—the big jute and cotton mills, the leather, harness and opium factories, the coal-mines and the dockyards, and, in years to come, when India begins to be heard from as one of the manufacturing countries of the world, the labour Unions of other lands will learn something about the beauty of caste which will greatly interest them.
Those were the days when the D.I.R. decided that it would be cheaper to employ native drivers as much as possible, and the “Sheds,” as they called the Repair Department, felt the change acutely; for a native driver could misuse his engine, they said, more curiously than any six monkeys. The Company had not then standardized its rolling-stock, and this was very good for apprentices anxious to learn about machines, because there were, perhaps, twenty types of locomotives in use on the road. They were Hawthornes; E types; O types; outside cylinders; Spaulding and Cushman double-enders and shortrun Continental-built tank engines, and many others. But the native drivers burned them all out impartially, and the apprentices took to writing remarks in Bengali on the cabs of the repaired ones where the next driver would be sure to see them.
Young Ottley worked at first as little as the other apprentices, but his father, who was then a pensioned driver, taught him a great deal about the insides of locomotives; and Olaf Swanson, the red-headed Swede who ran the Government Mail, the big Thursday express, from Serai Rajgara to Guldee Haut, was a great friend of the Ottley family, and dined with them every Friday night.
Olaf was an important person, for besides being the best of the mail-drivers, he was Past Master of the big railway Masonic Lodge, “St. Duncan’s in the East,” Secretary of the Drivers’ Provident Association, a Captain in the D.I.R. Volunteer Corps, and, which he thought much more of, an Author; for he had written a book in a language of his own which he insisted upon calling English, and had printed it at his own expense at the ticket-printing works.
Some of the copies were buff and green, and some were pinkish and blue, and some were yellow and brown; for Olaf did not believe in wasting money on high-class white paper. Wrapping-paper was good enough for him, and besides, he said the colours rested the eyes of the reader. It was called “The Art of Road-Locos Repair or The Young Driver’s Vademecome,” and was dedicated in verse to a man of the name of Swedenborg.
It covered every conceivable accident that could happen to an engine on the road; and gave a rough-and-ready remedy for each; but you had to understand Olaf’s written English, as well as all the technical talk about engines, to make head or tail of it, and you had also to know personally every engine on the D.I.R., for the “Vademecome” was full of what might be called “locomotive allusions,” which concerned the D.I.R. only. Otherwise, it would, as some great locomotive designer once said, have been a classic and a text-book.
Olaf was immensely proud of it, and. would pin young Ottley in a corner and make him learn whole pages—it was written all in questions and answers—by heart.
“Never mind what she means,” Olaf would shout. “You learn her word-perfect, and she will help you in the Sheds. I drive the Mail,— the mail of all India,—and what I write and say is true.”
“But I do not wish to learn the book,” said young Ottley, who thought he saw quite enough of locomotives in business hours.
“You shall learn! I haf great friendship for your father, and so I shall teach you whether you like it or not.”
Young Ottley submitted, for he was really fond of old Olaf, and at the end of six months’ teaching in Olaf’s peculiar way began to see that the “Vademecome” was a very valuable help in the repair sheds, when broken-down engines of a new type came in. Olaf gave him a copy bound in cartridge paper and hedged round the margins with square-headed manuscript notes, each line the result of years of experience and accidents.
“There is nothing in this book,” said Olaf, “that I have not tried in my time, and I say that the engine is like the body of a man. So long as there is steam—the life, you see,—so long, if you know how, you can make her move a little,—so!” He waggled his hand slowly. “Till a man is dead or the engine she is at the bottom of a river, you can do something with her. Remember that! I say it and I know.”
He repaid young Ottley’s time and attention by using his influence to get him made a Sergeant in his Company, and young Ottley, being a keen Volunteer and a good shot, stood well with the D.I.R. in the matter of casual leave. When repairs were light in the Sheds and the honour of the D.I.R. was to be upheld at some far-away station against the men of Agra or Bandikui, the narrow-gauge railway-towns of the west, young Ottley would contrive to get away, and help to uphold it on the glaring dusty rifle-ranges of those parts.
A ’prentice never dreamed of paying for his ticket on any line in India, least of all when he was in uniform, and young Ottley was practically as free of the Indian railway system as any member of the Supreme Legislative Council who wore a golden General Pass on his watch-chain and could ride where he chose.
Late in September of his nineteenth year he went north on one of his cup-hunting excursions, elegantly and accurately dressed, with one-eighth of one inch of white collar showing above his grey uniform stock and his Martini-Henry rifle polished to match his sergeant’s sword in the rack above him.
The rains were out, and in Bengal that means a good deal to the railways; for the rain falls for three months lavishly, till the whole country is one sea, and the snakes take refuge on the embankment, and the racing floods puff out the brick ballast from under the iron ties, and leave the rails hanging in graceful loops. Then the trains run as they can, and the permanent-way inspectors spend their nights flourishing about in hand-carts pushed by coolies over the dislocated metals, and everybody is covered with the fire-red rash of prickly heat, and loses his temper.
Young Ottley was used to these things from birth. All he regretted was that his friends along the line were so draggled and dripping and sulky that they could not appreciate his gorgeousness; for he considered himself very consoling to behold when he cocked his helmet over one eye and puffed the rank smoke of native-made cigars through his nostrils. Until night fell he lay out on his bunk, in his shirt sleeves, reading the works of G.W.M. Reynolds, which were sold on all the railway bookstalls, and dozing at intervals.
Then he found they were changing engines at Guldee Haut, and old Rustomjee, a Parsee, was the new driver, with Number Forty in hand. Young Ottley took this opportunity to go forward and tell Rustomjee exactly what they thought of him in the Sheds, where the ’prentices had been repairing some of his carelessness in the way of a dropped crown-sheet, the result of inattention and bad stoking.
Rustomjee said he had bad luck with engines, and young Ottley went back to his carriage and slept. He was waked by a bang, a bump, and a jar, and saw on the opposite bunk a subaltern who was travelling north with a detachment of some twenty English soldiers.
“What’s that?” said the subaltern.
“Rustomjee has blown her up, perhaps,” said young Ottley, and dropped out into the wet, the subaltern at his heels. They found Rustomjee sitting by the side of the line, nursing a scalded foot and crying aloud that he was a dead man, while the gunner-guard—who is a kind of extra-hand—looked respectfully at the roaring, hissing machine.
“What has happened?” said young Ottley, by the light of the gunner-guard’s lantern.
“Phut gya [She has gone smash],” said Rustomjee, still hopping.
“Without doubt; but where?”
“Khuda janta! [God knows]. I am a poor man. Number Forty is broke.”
Young Ottley jumped into the cab and turned off all the steam he could find, for there was a good deal escaping. Then he took the lantern and dived under the drive-wheels, where he lay face up, investigating among spurts of hot water.
“Doocid plucky,” said the subaltern. “I shouldn’t like to do that myself. What’s gone wrong?”
“Cylinder-head blown off, coupler-rod twisted, and several more things. She is very badly wrecked. Oah, yes, she is a tottal wreck,” said young Ottley between the spokes of the right-hand driver.
“Awkward,” said the subaltern, turning up his coat-collar in the wet. “What’s to be done, then?”
Young Ottley came out, a rich black all over his grey uniform with the red facings, and drummed on his teeth with his finger-nails, while the rain fell and the native passengers shouted questions and old Rustomjee told the gunner-guard to walk back six or seven miles and wire to some one for help.
“I cannot swim,” said the gunner-guard. “Go and lie down.” And that, as you might say, settled that. Besides, as far as one could see by the light of the gunner-guard’s lantern, all Bengal was flooded.
“Olaf Swanson will be at Serai Rajgara with the Mail. He will be particularly angry,” said young Ottley. Then he ducked under the engine again with a flare-lamp and sat crosslegged, considering things and wishing he had brought his “Vademecome” in his valise.
Number Forty was an old reconstructed Mutiny engine, with Frenchified cock-nosed cylinders and a profligate allowance of underpinning. She had been through the Sheds several times, and young Ottley, though he had never worked on her, had heard much about her, but nothing to her credit.
“You can lend me some men?” he said at last to the subaltern. “Then I think we shall disconnect her this side, and perhaps, notwithstanding, she will move. We will try—eh?”
“Of course we will. Hi! Sergeant!” said the subaltern. “Turn out the men here and do what this—this officer tells you.”
“Officer!” said one of the privates, under his breath. “’Didn’t think I’d enlisted to serve under a Sergeant o’ Volunteers. ’Ere’s a ’orrible street accident. ’Looks like mother’s tea-kettle broke. What d’yer expect us to do, Mister Civilian Sergeant?”
Young Ottley explained his plan of campaign while he was ravaging Rustomjee’s tool-chest, and then the men crawled and knelt and levered and pushed and hauled and turned spanners under the engine, as young Ottley told them. What he wanted was to disconnect the right cylinder altogether, and get off a badly twisted coupler-rod. Practically Number Forty’s right side was paralysed, and they pulled away enough ironmongery there to build a culvert with.
Young Ottley remembered that the instructions for a case like this were all in the “Vademecome,” but even he began to feel a little alarmed as he saw what came away from the engine and was stacked by the side of the line. After forty minutes of the hardest kind of work it seemed to him that everything movable was cleared out, and that he might venture to give her steam. She leaked and sweated and shook, but she moved—in a grinding sort of way—and the soldiers cheered.
Rustomjee flatly refused to help in anything so revolutionary as driving an engine on one cylinder, because, he said, Heaven had decreed that he should always be unlucky, even with sound machines. Moreover, as he pointed out, the pressure-gauge was jumping up and down like a bottle-imp. The stoker had long since gone away into the night; for he was a prudent man.
“Doocid queer thing altogether,” said the subaltern, “but look here, if you like, I’ll chuck on the coals and you can drive the old jigamaroo, if she’ll go.”
“Perhaps she will blow up,” said the gunner-guard.
“’Shouldn’t at all wonder by the sound of her. Where’s the shovel?” said the subaltern.
“Oah no. She’s all raight according to my book, I think,” said young Ottley. “Now we will go to Serai Rajgara—if she moves.”
She moved with long ssghee! ssghee’s! of exhaustion and lamentation. She moved quite seven miles an hour, and—for the floods were all over the line—the staggering voyage began.
The subaltern stoked four shovels to the minute, spreading them thin, and Number Forty made noises like a dying cow, and young Ottley discovered that it was one thing to run a healthy switching-locomotive up and down the yards for fun when the head of the yard wasn’t!ooking, and quite another to drive a very sick one over an unknown road in absolute darkness and tropic rain. But they felt their way along with their hearts in their mouths till they came to a distant signal, and whistled frugally, having no steam to spare.
“This might be Serai Rajgara,” said young Ottley, hopefully.
“’Looks more like the Suez Canal,” said the subaltern. “I say, when an engine kicks up that sort of a noise she’s a little impatient, isn’t she?”
“ That sort of noise” was a full-powered, furious yelling whistle half a mile up the line.
“That is the Down Mail,” said young Ottley. “We have delayed Olaf two hours and forty-five minutes. She must surely be in Serai Rajgara.”
“’Don’t wonder she wants to get out of it,” said the subaltern. “Golly, what a country!”
The line here dipped bodily under water, and young Ottley sent the gunner-guard on to find the switch to let Number Forty into the siding. Then he followed and drew up with a dolefu! wop! wop! wop! by the side of the great forty-five-ton, six-wheel, coupled, eighteen-inch inside-cylinder Number Twenty-five, all paint and lacquer, standing roaring at the head of the Down Mail. The rest was all water-flat, level and solid from one point of the horizon to the other.
Olaf’s red beard flared like a danger-signal, and as soon as they were in range some knobby pieces of Giridih coal whizzed past young Ottley’s head.
‘’Your friend very mad?” said the subaltern, ducking.
“Aah!” roared Olaf. “This is the fifth time you make delay. Three hours’ delay you make me—Swanson—the Mail! Now I will lose more time to break your head.” He swung on to the foot-board of Number Forty, with a shovel in one hand.
“Olaf!” cried young Ottley, and Olaf nearly tumbled backward. “Rustomjee is behind.”
“Of course. He always is. But you? How you come here?”
“Oah, we smashed up. I have disconnected her and arrived here on one cylinder, by your book. We are only a—a diagram of an engine, I think.”
“My book! My very good book! My ‘Vademecome’! Ottley, you are a fine driver. I forgive my delays. It was worth. Oh, my book, my book!” and Olaf leapt back to Number Twenty-five, shouting things about Swedenborg and steam.
“Thatt is all right,” said young Ottley, “but where is Serai Rajgara? We want assistance.”
“There is no Semi Rajgara. The water is two feet on the embankment, and the telegraph office is fell in. I will report at Purnool Road. Goodnight, good boy!”
The Mail train splashed out into the dark, and Ottley made great haste to let off his steam and draw his fire. Number Forty had done enough for that night.
“Odd chap, that friend of yours,” said the subaltern, when Number Forty stood empty and disarmed in the gathering waters. “What do we do now? Swim?”
“Oah, no! At ten-forty-five thiss morning that is coming, an engine will perhaps arrive from Purnool Road and take us north. Now we will lie down and go to sleep. You see there is no Serai Rajgara. You could get a cup of tea here once on a time.”
“Oh, my Aunt, what a country!” said the subaltern, as he followed Ottley to the carriage and lay down on the leather bunk.
For the next three weeks Olaf Swanson talked to everybody of nothing but his “Vademecome” and young Ottley. “What he said about his book does not matter, but the compliments of a maildriver are things to be repeated, as they were, to people in high authority, the masters of many engines. So young Ottley was sent for, and he came from the Sheds buttoning his jacket and wondering which of his sins had been found out this time.
It was a loop line near Ajaibpore, where he could by no possibility come to harm. It was light but steady traffic, and a first-class superintendent was in charge; but it was a driver’s billet, and permanent after six months. As a new engine was on order for the loop, the foreman of the Sheds told young Ottley he might look through the stalls and suit himself.
He waited, boiling with impatience, till Olaf came in, and the two went off together, old Olaf clucking, “Look! Look! Look!” like a hen, all down the Sheds, and they chose a nearly new Hawthorne, No. 239, which Olaf highly recommended. Then Olaf went away, to give young Ottley his chance to order her to the cleaning-pit, and jerk his thumb at the cleaner and say, as he turned magnificently on his heel, “Thursday, eight o’clock. Mallum? ’Understand?”
That was almost the proudest moment of his life. The very proudest was when he pulled out of Atami Junction through the brick-field on the way to his loop, and passed the Down Mail, with Olaf in the cab.
They say in the Sheds that you could have heard Number Two hundred and Thirty-nine’s whistle from Raneegunge clear to Calcutta.
Add The Bold 'Prentice to your own personal library.
Return to the Rudyard Kipling Home Page, or . . . Read the next short story; The Bonds Of Discipline
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Ask-Adders BBC Listings
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Move Like Michael Jackson: Semi-Final Semi-Final
> Move Like Michael Jackson: Semi-Final Semi-Final on BBC Three at 2010-01-13 03:15:00
4/6. The dance contest celebrating pop's greatest performer reaches the studio. In the second semi-final, eight more acts are drawn against each other in a series of dance battles.
3/6. The dance contest celebrating pop's greatest performer reaches the studio. In the first semi-final, eight acts are drawn against each other in a series of dance battles.
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The Air Cadet League of Canada announced in January 2006 the distribution of the “Air Cadet Service Medal” awarded to cadets who have completed four (4) continuous years of honourable service with the Royal Canadian Air Cadets. The service medals are now available through the BC Provincial committee office. Application forms can be faxed or emailed into the BCPC office to be processed.
The local Squadron Sponsoring Committees will make the medal available to current serving cadets free of charge. The medal comes in a cardboard presentation box with the undress ribbon beneath the black velvet underlay. A formal application and policy is now available. (ACC56)
ACC56 – Cadet Long Service Medal Application
Former cadets may purchase the medal including the undress ribbon through the local BC Provincial office or the National office webstore for $28.75. (ACC57 -Former Cadet)
ACC57 ACL Service Medal Application (former cadets)
The miniature medal will be available to current and former cadets through the National Air Cadet league Office for $17.25.
The Cadet Service Medal is gold in colour and bears the RCAC crest in either French or English. The ribbon for the medal is an attractive combination of blue and yellow and features an inscription box on the flip side. Included with the medal is a short undress ribbon for the cadet’s shirt as well as the presentation box.
The Air Cadet League of Canada Announces: Bar for Air Cadet Service Medal Now Available
OTTAWA – Beginning in March 2013, Air Cadets will be eligible to receive a bar for the Air Cadet Service Medal for each year of training completed beyond the four year qualifying period. A rosette will also be provided for the undress ribbon.
A Gold Bar, similar to that used on the Air Cadet League Service Medal, has been approved for issue to cadets who have completed their fifth or sixth year of service in the program. (Cost $6.00 per bar) Available for Current Cadets from the BC Provincial Office. The applicant must have completed the full year from the “Taken on strength” Date to qualify for the Bar & Rosette.
A Gold rosette for the undress ribbon is also available from the BC Provincial office for Current Cadets. (Cost $4.50 per Rosette)
The process for ordering the bar is the same as for ordering the medal. Commanding Officers must confirm the years of service, using the ACC 56 form, and indicate whether they are ordering a new medal or just a bar. The Squadron Sponsoring Committee Chair must confirm the order and the completed form is send it to the appropriate provincial committee. (BCPC)
Former Cadets who wish to purchase a Bar for their medal or Rosette for their undress Ribbon will also follow the same process as for ordering the medal. However, they must complete the ACC57 form, along with supporting documentation to confirm their years of service, and send the application to the National.
Please note: The photographs are not shown to scale.
Questions can be directed to:
Ilona Turra, CAO
bcpc@aircadetleague.bc.ca
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Looking for help? Call today!
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Can Addiction Be Cured?
November 7, 2018 November 8, 2018 By Beauterre
For some diseases, there is simply no known cure. In such cases, a regimen of medical treatment is needed in order to sustain quality of life, or to sustain life itself. Addiction is a brain disease, diagnosed as severe substance use disorder. Can addiction be cured? Not at present, though researchers are working on it. However,
What is Substance Use Disorder?
September 28, 2018 September 29, 2018 By Beauterre
Substance use disorder (SUD), sometimes called drug use disorder, is a psychiatric diagnosis of problematic drug use, including drug addiction. SUDs are assessed on a scale from mild to moderate to severe. Within this framework, full-blown, compulsive addiction to drugs or alcohol is classified as severe substance use disorder. According to the Substance Abuse and
Damaging Effects of Alcoholism on Families
September 20, 2018 By Beauterre
The damage alcoholic parents cause due to their alcohol use disorder can be more subtle than verbal and physical abuse. As they grow, children require guidance from adults to strike a balance between autonomy and belonging. Adult children of alcoholics (ACoA) rarely receive this, which can lead to many problems. As one daughter of an
How to Prevent Underage Drinking
September 18, 2018 October 9, 2018 By Beauterre
As a parent of three young children, I face the prospect of their teenage years with some trepidation. I remember all too well the underage drinking of my own youth, which lead to a minor consumption arrest when I was fifteen. I wonder how to prevent my sons from making some of the same mistakes
What is Alcohol Poisoning?
Alcohol poisoning is a medical emergency most typically caused by the consumption of too many alcoholic beverages in too short a period of time. It is one of the principal risks of binge drinking, which is five drinks or more within two hours for men and at least four drinks within two hours for women.
Dangers of Binge Drinking
Consumption of alcohol lowers inhibitions, which makes it all too easy to reach for that next drink, even when you’ve had more than enough. Binge drinking has been a problem on college campuses for decades, despite many organized efforts to curtail it. No mere rite of passage, binge drinking is a public health crisis, affecting
Types of Opioids: What You Need To Know
August 9, 2018 November 7, 2018 By Beauterre
Humanity has a complicated relationship with all types of opioids. It’s a longterm relationship, one which stretches back thousands of years. Opium, an analgesic (painkilling) drug, has permeated societies around the globe since ancient times. In war-torn Afghanistan, the opium trade helps fund the Taliban. Even our popular culture has taken note; on the cable
Finding Hope For Opioid Addiction
May 3, 2018 May 16, 2018 By Beauterre
In the news, there are stories of terrible suffering from the epidemic of opioid addiction afflicting the nation. But there are hopeful stories, too. For example, the fire department in one hard-hit community opened up their stations to those experiencing substance use disorder. They applied their responsibility as first responders to the crisis and gave
Mindfulness Meditation for Addiction Treatment
May 1, 2018 July 31, 2018 By Beauterre
How do addictions form, and how we can we use mindfulness to escape the “habit loop” that entraps us? These important questions are addressed by University of Massachusetts psychiatry professor and author Judson Brewer in his 2017 book, The Craving Mind: From Cigarettes to Smartphones to Love — Why We Get Hooked & How We Can Break
Recovery Review
Waiting on a Friend
February 8, 2018 June 8, 2018 By Beauterre
Recovery Review examines books and other media on topics related to substance use disorder, treatment, and recovery. This time of year I can’t help but recall one of my favorite obscure album tracks by the Rolling Stones, “Winter,” a wistful number bemoaning present circumstances and hoping for better times ahead. Mick Jagger sings: It sure
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Confessions of Martyn Shrewsbury for April and May 2017
The Confessions of Martyn Shrewsbury
Only those people who can really touch bottom can be human.
Therefore Meister Eckhart says that one should not repent too much of one’s sins because it might keep one away from grace.
One is only confronted with the spiritual experience when one is absolutely human. ~Carl Jung, Visions Seminar, Page 394
The ghosts of 1931 are rising. The image of a vast Tory majority is formed as polls in Wales suggest that the Tories will win a majority of seats in Wales. The local government elections suggest in Wales that the Tories are up. 13%. What is happening? The Brexit agenda has allowed vast sections of the electorate to be made into Tories. The means of transformation has been UKIP .It took them in and using immigration and racial prejudice as the potion of change. In its death throes UKIP turns to ban the burka and in Wales uses a campaign against the Welsh language to continue the process. In its death throes it is most dangerous . Nuttal is desperate his pledges becomes more extreme and intolerant. It's poison is more toxic than ever. Before it dies and it's remnants chooses between the Tories or a new reborn BNP it will convince the working class voters who voted for Brexit of the 'wisdom' of the market, the privatisation of the health service, and the shrinking of the state. The epitaph of the kippers will be. ." The midwife of 20 years of Tory rule" How many f**king times did i tell you ..You stupid idiots...how many times?....I told you so ad nauseum.....Over and over
"Well my friends are gone and my hair is grey
I ache in the places where I used to play “
The strangest thing I have noticed is how poor we are at understanding individual Psychology. Many but not all can not see how they are really frightened little children wanting to be liked, how each vote they gain, or approval they experience some how makes them feel whole. The right fails to understand the collective and often becomes harsh, uncaring and arrogant. Then there are those who lost a faith and found a faith. I mean those who raised in Catholicism all their life seek an alternative faith but never quite get there.
But enough of that ...in 2005 I stepped down as leader of the Wales Green party. I was burnt out, a frantic election cycle , the battering of the anti wind farm brigade, and a gentleman from a former Intelligence background and now Green Activist spreading rumours and seeking to discredit me. The Welsh party was much smaller it probably had only 300 members. We had contested 10 seats in the general election, contested over 35 seats in the Swansea Council elections of 2004 and built a solid party in Swansea of over 150 members. Within a couple of years the same naval figure had managed to shrink the party dramatically, and in the general, election that followed he managed to gain the lowest Green Vote in Swansea West ever recorded.
I ceased political activity and developed a company training counsellors. That fell apart and left with large debts, a declining economy, and the growing realisation of my fundamental unhappiness I sort to bury my head in the sand. I spent and spent, the funds dried up and finally I had an affair. This crisis occurred long after my role as a Green politician...yet if you read a certain account of my bankruptcy case you would imagine it had occurred at the same time.
I even saw one person post about me being “ a self confessed adulterer” how simplistic it sounds, how different it actually was. The implications and result of my bankruptcy have been repeatedly resurrected by anyone who wishes to dismiss any argument that I have raised. All I did was to keep on paying my bills that I needed to pay to maintain everyday life The large institutions, the credit card companies missed out and I was labelled a fraudster.I am almost tempted to create a Psychological Syndrome. I will call it the Shrewsbury projection. Its a process by which all that is wrong , all that is hated, all that is missing in someones life is absorbed into the motivations and meanings of anothers life. Julia Kristeva called it abjection.. It can be described as “There looms, within abjection, one of those violent, dark revolts of being, directed against a threat that seems to emanate from an exorbitant outside or inside, ejected beyond the scope of the possible, the tolerable, the thinkable. It lies there, quite close, but it cannot be assimilated. It beseeches, worries, and fascinates desires, which, nevertheless, does not let itself be seduced. Apprehensive, desire turns aside; sickened, it rejects. A certainty protects it from the shameful—a certainty of which it is proud holds on to it. But simultaneously, just the same, that impetus, that spasm, that leap is drawn toward an elsewhere as tempting as it is condemned. Unflaggingly, like an inescapable boomerang, a vortex of summons and repulsion places the one haunted by it literally beside himself “ Victor Hugo described it as
No Beast is there without glimmer of infinity, No eye so vile nor abject that brushes not Against lightning from on high, now tender, now fierce. Victor Hugo, "La Legende des siecles
What is indeed surprising is how so many people who seek to transform society, who try to understand why people do the wrong things at the wrong time find it impossible to resist beating their opponents with perceived insight into their psyche. To believe in rehabilitation but not for those they disagree with. Thead hominem argument is used with the precision of a Cruise missile. Please search the net you will find plenty of arguments using this cluster bombing approach,
I tried a short period in Plaid Cymru . I was told that they were a Green party and yet while I found some excellent Ecosocialists there , I also heard things that made my self recoil, I heard defence of the badger cull, the expansion of aviation, the support for Nuclear power and the narrow hypocrisy of the Chapel mentality. I left very quickly for much of the time within Plaid I had been urged to condemn the Greens, to issue a press release but I never felt happy to do that. I saw in my mind the faces of those who had supported me, campaigned with me and built the Green Party, people like John Matthews, Miranda LaVey, Owen Clerk amongst others. There is only one Green party, there are many pallid copies but the Green analysis is the only one that is valid, that thinks beyond the short term..
I returned to the Green Party in Autumn 2013. I was determined to be an ordinary member but once more I began to be involved. I became the agent in Neath for the General election of 2015 and was the agent in the Uplands by election in November 2014.
I have survived these years of turmoil because of two events. At my lowest moment when I least expected it I found someone who has been with me ever since and so I have never been cynical of love.
The other reasons are three figures of Philosophy, Nietzche Heidegger and Sartre . One day the day I was declared bankrupt I watched three documentaries about them. You can find them above this paragraph.
As we near the local elections of May 2017 and the general election of 2017. I reflect how fortunate I feel to be observing and commenting from the sides. A recent controversy in which I exposed a candidate in Neath Council elections has caused some debate. As a Philosopher I am quite aware of both Mill`s Utilitarian approach and of Kant`s theory of intention. I would always expose a candidate who could publish on his timeline a picture of three piglets in Santa Claus costume wishing Muslims " A Happy Christmas2 and arguing that those who voted Remain should be shot. I have been called anti -British, unpatriotic and a Commie. I will always expose the racist, the bigot and the jingoist simplicity of the Right. I would do the same over and over again.
I loath those who defend the racist and the bigot there are many of them out there. These are the same people who defend such behavior because of their own prejudice and lack of understanding. You too will be exposed in your time and however you disguise your prejudice I sbow it for what it truly is.
I am however very glad that I cannot join my fellow Greens in any of those roles. I am delighted in fact but my faith, trust and support is there for you all. I hope for a Corbyn victory on June 8th and at least three Green Mps in the House of Commons. I will be taking part in another struggle, a guerilla struggle agaisnt the bigots and the racists. This will be a battle fought on social media and other ways as well. As Oscar Wilde observed "Every Saint has a past, every sinner a future and Nietzsche commented that our morality is simply our wounds. How true they both are..........
Has this been a confession?, an explanation? a justification? an apolgy? I dont know but I will conclude with Dylan`s quote form the Ballad of Frankie Lee and Judas Priest. and the words of Mark Twain
“It's easier to fool people than to convince them that they have been fooled.”
― Mark Twain
Well, the moral of the story
The moral of this song
Is simply that one should never be
Where one does not belong
So when you see your neighbor carryin' somethin'
Help him with his load
And don't go mistaking Paradise
For that home across the road
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A Suitcase Full of Books November 24, 2019 Africa
Book Review: The Caliph’s House by Tahir Shah
Author Tahir Shah had the entire TravelCon audience laughing non-stop from the moment he took the stage. Unlike the previous year, in which I attempted to read a book by each of the speakers so I would be familiar with their work and who they were, this year I did just the opposite. Due to time constraints, I had not read any works by the keynote speakers so I had no idea who Shah was or what he’d written when he stepped to the podium. While I appreciated the previous speakers and added their books to my To-Be-Read list, I knew long before Shah was done talking that I had to buy one of his books and get it signed after the talk. If he wrote the same way he talked, his books had to be funny. I was not disappointed.
Tahir Shah at Travel Con Instagram Story
The Caliph’s House: A Year in Casablanca by Tahir Shah
Published by Bantam, 2006
Genre/s: Memoir, Travel
Where it takes place: Casablanca, Morocco
Purchase The Caliph’s House via IndieBound or Amazon
*Disclosure: These are affiliate links, meaning if you purchase a book through these links I will make a few cents at no extra cost to you. Thanks for supporting the blog!
This book is the true story (I use truth loosley, I think the author may have stretched the truth in some cases) of the year the author moved his family from Britain to Morocco, purchased a fixer-upper house in Casablanca, and the trouble he had trying to get it renovated. Between the characters that show up to work on the house, the personal assistant the author hires, and the guardians (3 men) he inherited with the house and their superstitions, it’s very entertaining.
About the Author / Context of the Book
Shah is a British national of Afgani heritage who grew up in Morocco. He moved his own wife and kids to Morocco from Britain because he missed the colorful life Morocco provides compared to the dull gray of Britain. Not only in the decor and surroundings, but the culture allows for more creativity and storytelling. He lives there now in the renovated house which he wrote about in The Caliph’s House.
During his TravelCon keynote he spoke about growing up in a household where everyone told stories. He said his father would start telling stories to anybody that would listen. Now-famous authors would stop by the house and help with chores while telling stories. He told us about time he spent in a Pakistani torture prison and kept his collegues company through telling them stories every evening. And he told us about living in Morocco and navigating a culture that believes in trouble causing genies. And all of this was delivered in the almost dead-pan, dry way that only the British can deliver humor.
Watch the keynote on YouTube
Watch a 5 minute video tour of by the author of his finally finished house
(AND HE HAS A PERSONAL LIBRARY BEHIND A DOOR HIDDEN BY A BOOKSHELF!!)
Watch the author’s series of videos in which he talks about the time he spent in a Pakistani torture prison, which he alludes to in his Keynote
Twitter @HumanStew
Instagram @tahirshah999
Places To Visit Inspired By The Book
Casablanca, Tangier, Marrakech, Morocco
My dad always says, “Never let the facts ruin a good story.” I think this author has taken that mantra to heart. As the reader, I could never quite tell if or when the narrator was stretching the truth. There were times I guessed he was, but it was too funny to matter. While much of the humor comes at the expense of frustrating situations the author experienced, he approaches the matters in hindsight with a sense of humor akin to Bill Bryon, with sarcastic wit that will have you laughing out loud and reading passages to anybody nearby that will listen.
In all honesty, the book didn’t exactly have me itching to book a ticket to Morocco immediately, or at least not without hiring a guide first. While I definitely never want to get involved with employing Moroccan craftsmen after reading this account, it also seems having a local who can navigate you through shopping, transportation, and any other interactions with locals whom you might need to bargain with or owe money to is definitely the way to go. Although, I would hope that my guide would be a little more sane than the personal assistant Shah allegedly hired, according to the book.
I highly recommend this book, and then go watch the videos on the author’s YouTube channel. While reading about this particular house renovation, you are certain that the house will not only never be finished, but that even if it is, it will all collapse as soon as it’s done, much like the second story that was built with no support and came crashing down mid-project. Seeing the finished result in the author’s video tour is quite astounding after reading the book.
“In Morocco, the more insane the artist, the better he knows his craft. It will take time to find a truly disturbed team to work here at the Caliph’s House.”
(p. 144)
“You never heard a word of praise for Casablanca. It was the butt of every joke, the place people came to but never admitted coming from. No one belonged there. But at the same time, we all belonged.”
About the Marrakech medina, an emporium of art and crafts:
“[…] the narrow streets are packed through the long dusty days with a frenzied tangle of life.”
“I concluded that a life not filled with severe learning curves was no life at all.”
Have you read any of Tahir Shah’s books? Have you visited Morocco? Are you a fan of dry British humor? Let’s discuss in the comments below!
Book List: Fictional London
The Literary Fantasy World Tour Company
The Literary Fantasy World Tour Company, Part IV: Children’s …
Author Talk, Casablanca, Tahir Shah, TravelCon
Previous Post Newport, Oregon and Murder at the Lighthouse
Next Post What’s in my Backpack: 2019 Travel Gear
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ASEAN, PAP, Philippines, TRE
Send a strong, polite, non-threatening message to the Pinoy party organisers
while helping Team@TRE (the reincarnation of the PAP old guard?) help S’poreans
I recently blogged that the Pinoy organisers had applied for a permit to party at Orchard Party, following the advice of one Goh Meng Seng. He had called the party a “trespass” on our sovereignty.
Gilbert Goh had said our sovereignty is being threatened and had called for a silent protest if the Pinoy party went ahead.
Here’s my constructive, nation-building suggestion on how those who don’t want the Pinoys to party at Orchard Rd can send a strong, non-violent, non-threatening, polite message to the Pinoy community*, our govt, and other FT lovers, before said party to show their anger.
They should donate money to TRE to fund its plan to increase its servers.
TRE recently asked for more donations* after the latest attack on its website. I’ll let it explain:
Our provider has also suggested that we revert to our original 4 servers setup which is more robust with different servers handling different aspects of the website.
After carefully weighing the options, we have decided to adopt the recommendations and proceed with the implementation of advanced filtering capabilities and deployment of an additional server. Considering that the next general election may be called in the next 12 months or so, it is vital for TRE to be prepared for the worst and to remain online when it is much needed.
The new server setup and add-on advanced filtering capabilities will add an approximately US$1000 per month or US$12,000 a year to our existing operating expenses, which is beyond our budget.
Although the Team@TRE is prepared to fork out and share the additional expenses to the best of our abilities, we would greatly appreciate it if willing and able readers are able to help us defray part of the cost by making a donation.
We are hoping that our kind readers will help us cover at least 50% of the cost if possible, as US$12,000 a year is a huge amount for the team considering most of us are retired.
(Emphasis mine)
Donate $, so that Team@TRE doesn’t have to come out with their own money to serve S’poreans, OK a section of S’poreans. They are serving their readers, and paying for the service.To Team@TRE, being the people’s servant is no motherhood statement.
So Gilbert Goh, or Goh Meng Seng (or both), start a petition asking people to donate to TRE to show their anger at the Pinoy organisers for organising a party in downtown Orchard Rd.
Coming back to being the people’s servant, can you imagine PM and his ministers working for free, and donating their savings to help S’poreans? They tell us (think Ng, Grace Fu) that taking big discount to what they say is their market worth is already a big sacrifice.
Team@TRE resembles the PAP old guard more than the present cabinet does? When LKY became PM, he cut his pay by half to $4,000**, and also cut his ministers’ and civil servants’ pay too. Devan Nair had said of the old guard:
It is important to appreciate, however, that Lee Kuan Yew and Co. belong to a freak generation. In fact, as individuals, they were quite unrepresentative of the great majority of their social class, the members of which were brought up and educated in the colonial era, and whose major preoccupation was to fend for themselves and feather their own nests … But because the present generation of leaders exceeded their class characteristics and loyalties, and developed a creative vision of a better society, they were able to establish themselves as the modern leaders of Singapore. In more senses than one, this freak generation are the creators of the vibrant and bustling Republic we know today.
(https://atans1.wordpress.com/2014/04/04/in-1973-devan-nair-foresaw-todays-income-inequality/)
*Doubtless there will be Pinoys who will claim that they feel threatened by these donations. Other examples of Pinoys feeling “threatened”. Funny how easily Pinoys feel threatened when S’poreans, unlike Pinoys at home, don’t carry or use guns. (https://atans1.wordpress.com/2014/05/20/tightening-ft-immigration-helps-sporeans-pmes/)
**Remember that David Marshall as chief minister was paid $8,000 a month (he said so himself). (https://atans1.wordpress.com/2012/01/08/what-grace-fu-cant-afford/)
wann to bet that red trucks will be surrounding ngee ann city civic plaza on June 8 ?
pinoys 23 May 2014 at 9am
What is the news about pinoy couple feel threaten?
Do you have the website link?
Annoy 23 May 2014 at 10am
No. I was told this by my friend who is “adviser” to Pinoy community ’cause he got Filipino wife. He kanna do NS.
atans1 25 May 2014 at 8am
[…] – WonderPeace: Cleaner whacking pigeons, kitten in rubbish bin and Otters – Thoughts of a Cynical Investor: Send a strong, polite, non-threatening message to the Pinoy party organisers […]
Daily SG: 23 May 2014 | The Singapore Daily 23 May 2014 at 11am
If David Marshall said he received $8,000/- pm. it definitely is a case of memory distortion. No public servant earned anywhere like this sum in 1955. As for LKY he received only $3,500/-pm. from 1965. In 1970 he raised the salaries of his ministers from $2,500/-pm. but refused a raise himself for two years, thereby earning respect and moral authority in the process.You will find all this in the Hansard at the sitting on 7 May, 1970.
Anonymous 24 May 2014 at 12am
Like all true Singaporeans, we love to complaint but most of the time, unless it is real bad, not willing to put our money where our mouths lead to
theonion 24 May 2014 at 3pm
« Before Roy’s a real S’porean 22/05/2014
AfterS’pore’s trade and debt vis-a-vis other Asean countries, China Japan and India 24/05/2014 »
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Coldstore, Internal Security Act, Janil Puthucheary, Justice
FT jnr minister disagrees that “Pa” was a justly detained commie?
In Uncategorized on 04/04/2018 at 10:19 am
Yesterday, I ended Coldstore: Why Harry’s narrative or the highway promising to explain why I thought an FT jnr minister
disagrees with the the official narrative of “Bunch of commie subversives who had to be locked up because they wanted to make S’pore Great for Communism” when it comes to his Pa ans uncle.
Here’s my reasoning.
In his parly maiden speech,
Dr Janil Puthucheary said while he felt it inappropriate to detain a citizen without trial, he is convinced by the hard logic that the safety and security of Singapore must be paramount. That’s because there are threats that Singapore faces and which must be dealt with swiftly and decisively.
But he wants to know what safeguards are in place to prevent the ISA from being abused.
Dr Janil said: “I believe I share this view with many Singaporeans; we understand the need to ensure our security despite our misgivings, we recognise the cold hard facts despite the uncomfortable feeling they generate. However, we lack confidence and assurance that the extraordinary power of a State to detain its own citizens without trial will not be abused.
“The process of the safeguards around the ISA needs to be discussed in a more transparent manner, even as the facts associated with a given detainee need to be kept secret. We need to know that the review process works and operates independently of Cabinet. We need to see that the President exercises his authority on this issue.”
Dr Janil asked if the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) will be introducing further measures to enhance these safeguards and to what extent can the decisions of Cabinet be challenged.
Did he by saying
— “we lack confidence and assurance that the extraordinary power of a State to detain its own citizens without trial will not be abused”
— “The process of the safeguards around the ISA needs to be discussed in a more transparent manner”
imply that the use of ISA against his Pa and his uncle were an abuse of power? And that they were innocent of the allegations made against them.
To me, it sounds reasonable to say it sounded like he was trying to imply that
— the use of ISA against his Pa and his uncle were an abuse of power, and
— they were innocent of the allegations made against them.
Anyone knows whether in in the public records* there is anything about what jnr minister’s Pa and uncle (also detained in Coldstore) tot about their detentions. I can’t find anything where they KPKBed about being wrongly detained*. They were released and sent back to M’sia. And they became distinguished (and filthy rich) lawyers there.
Related post: Were the Coldstore detainees communists, progressives or leftists?
*I can’t remember if they were interviewed in Men in White: don’t have a copy at hand. Should get it as reference book because
The Straits Times backed by four researchers conducted some 300 interviews in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Hong Kong and China.
thum and kirsten interviewed various detainees too; both sides cherry pick
why does thum have so much time roaming here? isnt he working for oxford?
yuenchungkwong 4 April 2018 at 10am
Too simplistic to say communist or non-communist. Many were communistic, but many were also not. Many of the grassroots trade unions were simply china-philes. If Mao had adopted full-on in-your-face you-die-your-biz capitalism, they would also be more capitalist than Gorden Gekko.
They posed a big problem to Old Fart coz they were dead set against joining M’sia. They die-die wanted S’pore to remain separate on its own. Tunku also wanted them out before he could agree to Old Fart joining the Federation.
So why say communist plot? Becoz it was damn convenient & fit directly into Cold War geopolitics at that time. UK was too bankrupt & too weak to continue holding on to its empire. It was too tired after fighting & politicking against the Commies for 12 yrs in Malaya. It wanted S’pore to merge with M’sia and to leave Malaya with no possible instance of communism surviving.
To many people then, an independent S’pore with majority-Chinese & socialist tendencies would be a straight recipe for communism mess ala South Vietnam. The Federation constitution drafted with UK approval made it very clear why it favoured bumis & left out or discriminated against other races — communism was seen as purely a Chinese problem.
Old Fart simply took advantage of the opportunities to get rid of main rivals, consolidate his powers (actually he already did after UK arrested many PAP socialists in 1956-7; Old Fart released them in 1959), and open the way to merger with M’sia.
abc 4 April 2018 at 1pm
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Team GB's Tom Bosworth speaks out after losing Instagram followers over boyfriend kiss picture
The Olympic race walker shared a picture of himself kissing his fiancé to mark National Coming Out Day.
Words: Will Stroude
Team GB's Tom Bosworth has revealed he lost followers on Instagram after sharing a picture of himself kissing his boyfriend.
The Olympic race walker, who currently holds British records for walking 3km, 5km, 10km and 20km, spoke out after posting the romantic snap to mark National Coming Out Day last week (11 October).
Bosworth, 28, shared the picture of himself sharing a kiss with his fiancé Harry Dineley as he encouraged others to come out.
He wrote alongside the photo: "It’s #nationalcomingoutday so I thought I’d post the reason I came out, both times (to my parents then publicly). Love of my life, my everything - @harryd1010.
"To all those struggling with the decision, if the time is right and you have the reason to do it, then DO IT! You’ll instantly feel better and you’ll wonder why you never did it sooner!
It’s #nationalcomingoutday so I thought I’d post the reason I came out, both times (to my parents then publicly). Love of my life, my everything - @harryd1010. To all those struggling with the decision, if the time is right and you have the reason to do it, then DO IT! You’ll instantly feel better and you’ll wonder why you never did it sooner! It won’t be easy, it is terrifying and there will still be challenges to over come, but trust me, it’s worth it. Goodluck and enjoy being the true you! 🏳️🌈 #lgbt #lgbtsport #gayrights #comingout
A post shared by Tom Bosworth 🇬🇧 (@tombosworth) on Oct 11, 2018 at 10:34am PDT
"It won’t be easy, it is terrifying and there will still be challenges to over come, but trust me, it’s worth it. Goodluck and enjoy being the true you."
Despite the post's uplifting message, Bosworth, who became the first active British track and field athlete to come out publicly in 2015, later revealed on Twitter that he had lost followers after sharing it.
"Last night I shared this picture on Instagram for #nationalcomingoutday. It received a lot of love! Since then 50people unfollow me!", he wrote.
"I dont post romantic pictures very often and Ive never hidden who I am so I dont understand why these individuals followed me in the first place!"
Tom, who was one of approximately 50 out LGBT athletes who competed at the 2016 Rio Olympics, made headlines during the Games when he proposed to Dineley on Rio de Janeiro's Copacabana beach.
Bosworth previously vowed to speak out for LGBT equality during the World Championships in Athletics in Qatar, next year, despite telling his husband-to-be to remain away from the country, where homosexuality remains illegal, for the duration of the competition.
“I’ve told my fiancé, ‘Don’t even consider coming. I don’t want you or my family to come’," he said earlier this year.
"I will not be afraid to speak out. I’m going there to do a job and compete but I want to do that safely, happily and I want those opportunities for everybody."
Nationa Coming Out Day
Tom bosworth
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Things to do /
Balls of all shapes and sizes, shots on goal and slam dunks, hand off or hand ball, you’ll see us at every match! On the field or on the terraces, at the Parc des Princes in Paris or the Vélodrome in Marseille, we’ll make the stadium roar. We’ll do like Tiger Woods on the green in Dinard, and work on our backhand at the Roland-Garros French Open. At Sables d’Olonne, it’s anchors aweigh for a solo circumnavigation of the globe. And in 2024, we’ll be at the Paris Olympics!
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Divine diving
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With thousands of kilometers of state-of-the-art ski lift routes, a host of lively, iconic resorts…
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Scenic Mountain Valley and Hiking Trail in Ubud
Campuhan Ridge Walk is a free and easy nature trek, popular among regular visitors in the central highland town of Ubud. This trail presents a pristine outback to escape from the contemporary boutique, guesthouse and restaurant-lined Jalan Raya Ubud. While the hike lets you enjoy the cool fresh air and the gorgeous hillside vista, it also allows you to shed off some calories too with its 9-km hill track.
The main access is a concrete path just down from the main road. Smaller letterings bear “Going to The Hill” with an arrow pointing left, and as soon as you take on this path, the verdant surroundings of the Campuhan Valley immediately come to sight, lined by dense tropical foliage.
photo by Fabio Achilli (CC BY 2.0) modified
Sights along Campuhan Ridge Walk
A small bridge over the sacred Campuhan River leads to the majestic Pura Gunung Lebah temple complex. Signs before the temple clearly show the directions to follow along the route, which borders the eastern walls of the temple. These intricately carved walls and the towering meru tiers of the shrines that are visible from the path provide an exotic and cultural touch to the beginning of this nature walk.
You might meet a few fellow trekkers on their way back from their earlier jog, but most of the time you’ll have the path to your own. A few hundred metres and up the slopes from the temple, the view widens to reveal the vast hills that make up the valley hinterland.
photo by Peter Volpe (CC BY 2.0) modified
Best time to hike Campuhan Ridge
The best time to enjoy the Campuhan Ridge Walk is early morning and late afternoon, when the temperature is cool and when the skies show their best hues during sunrise and sunset. Slopes as far as the eye can see are an undulating sea of green, covered in tall reed grass, which at times are harvested by the locals for thatched roofing that’s common in traditional Balinese architecture.
photo by Jnzl's Photos (CC BY 2.0) modified
Campuhan Ridge Walk and beyond
The Campuhan Ridge Walk passes over the lush valley of the Sungai Wos River. On clear mornings or afternoons, you can enjoy a breathtaking backdrop of Mount Agung and outlying small village houses girt by rice fields. Continuing north along the ridge the tall grass transforms into the paddies of the small village of Bangkiang Sidem. There’s a small café here where you can pause for refreshments and admire the view.
If you're a more serious and curious trekker, you can continue west towards the outskirts of Bangkiang Sidem, down to the Sungai Cerik River and then climb up towards the hills of Payogan in the village of Kedewatan. On your way back, you can relieve your muscles with a great Balinese massage at your Ubud hotel or at one of the small spas that line the main Ubud road.
Location: Jalan Raya Campuhan, Sayan, Ubud, Gianyar, Bali 80571, Indonesia
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Supercars / Symmons Plains / Breaking news
Douglas retained by LDM for Tasmania Supercars round
Taz Douglas will race the #3 LD Motorsport Commodore at Symmons Plains this weekend, as his rolling deal with as a stand-in driver for the minnow squad continues.
Douglas was initially drafted in as a last-minute replacement for Matt Chahda – whose step up to the main series was blocked by the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport – right before the season-opening Clipsal 500.
He was then retained for the non-championship support races during the Australian Grand Prix, and will now make his second championship round start of the season with an outing at Symmons Plains in Tasmania this weekend – part of an informal round-by-round agreement with the team.
It will be a late arrival down to Launceston, through; Douglas, who runs his own demolition business, is working in Melbourne today before flying to Tasmania this evening.
“I love going racing, so it’s great that I can have another crack down in Tasmania this weekend,” Douglas told Motorsport.com.
“I’m used to the late call-ups now. It’s a pretty busy time for me with working on the business and then combining it with a full-blown Supercars drive. I’ll go from a digger today to the Commodore tomorrow.”
After one-off backing from soft drink brand Lift at Albert Park, the #3 Commodore will run in Repair Management colours at Symmons Plains.
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Event Symmons Plains
Location Symmons Plains Raceway
Drivers Taz Douglas
Teams 23Red Racing
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The fatal mistake 'inebriated' young men are making in the water
Brianne Tolj
Yahoo News Australia 19 December 2019
Aussie men are being urged to stop showing off near the water as alarming statistics reveal they are drowning at almost five times the rate of women.
New data from Royal Life Saving Society, released on Wednesday, reveals 80 per cent of the 2855 Australians who drowned in the past decade were men.
Of those deaths, 32 per cent involved alcohol and more than one in three occurred in inland waterways, such as rivers, lakes, creeks and dams.
Aussie men are being urged to stop showing off near the water, as alarming statistics reveal they are drowning at almost five times the rate of women. Source: Getty
Paul Marshall, who has worked as a volunteer with Albury and Border Rescue Squad near the NSW and Victoria boarder for 18 years, confirmed to Yahoo News Australia on Thursday alcohol played a big part in drownings and water accidents.
“Historically, we have many instances of young men with their bravado jumping off bridges – I can think of two in the last five or six years that have tragically lost their lives,” he said.
Mr Marshall, 41, told Yahoo News Australia his rescue crew had been involved in the search for at least one drowning victim in the Murray River every year.
Drowning deaths in Australia 2018-19
Data shows 276 people drowned across the country from July 2018 to July 2019 – with the majority of deaths occurring in Victoria, NSW and Queensland.
During that time, 19 drowning deaths were known to have involved alcohol, 10 of which had evidence in their blood stream.
The highest blood alcohol concentration recorded was 0.30 per cent. The majority of the group had a recorded BAC of 0.05 per cent.
Police near Glenelg North search for a man who drowned in Adelaide last December. Source: AAP
At the time the Royal Live Saving Society report was released, alcohol influence was still unknown in 80 per cent of all cases.
In the same time frame, 29 drownings were known to have involved drugs - with 17 per cent of the group having MDMA, cannabis and ice in their system.
‘Significantly inebriated’
Royal Life Saving Society Australia chief executive Justin Scarr said males drowning under the influence of alcohol aren't just having a drink or two, they're “significantly inebriated".
"They're about three or four times the legal blood-alcohol limit," he said.
"We find that men, particularly when under the influence of alcohol, are more likely to take unnecessary risks, overestimate their abilities, show off for friends and family and underestimate the dangers our waterways present."
Alcohol increases the risk of drowning by impairing judgement, reducing coordination and delaying reaction time, Mr Scarr added, with some drownings a result of accidental falls.
Mr Marshall said he's seen cases where people have severely injured themselves after jumping off rope swings or bridges. Source: Getty
Rivers ‘beautiful but unforgiving’
As of December 17 this year, four people have drowned across the country. Last year, 20 people had died from drowning during the same time frame.
Mr Marshall, 41, told Yahoo News Australia his rescue crew has been involved in the search for at least one drowning victim every year since its existence.
The Murray River, although beautiful, is also unforgiving, he said, giving its title of claiming more lives than any other inland body of water.
The river is constantly changing and a swimming area that may have been safe last year, may not be this year, Mr Marshall said.
Flowers are released on the Swan River during a memorial service for Trisjack Simpson, 17, and Chris Drage, 16, who drowned in Perth in September 2018. Source: AAP
From frivolity to life in a wheelchair
In one case, a young man swung out on a rope swing, which he’d done before, but on this occasion he hit a bank and is now wheelchair-bound.
Mr Marshall said the rescuers almost lost their boat in the process of rescuing him.
Another man jumped off a bridge and landed on a stolen motorbike that had been dumped in the water, severely injuring himself.
One of the most challenging parts of the job for rescue crews is when they are forced to pack up after searching for a person all day because they’re losing light.
“Seeing the family members and the mixed emotions on their faces of the thankfulness and gratitude for what you’ve done, but also that anguish and despair that we are packing up and going home and that’s the realisation the person is not going to be found alive that night,” Mr Marshall said.
“That moment sticks with you the most - every time.”
Mr Marshall and the Royal Life Saving Society has urged everyone to be careful in the waters this summer and keep an eye out for their friends.
Family and Friends wait as Police and SES search the beach at Glenelg North for a man who drowned in Adelaide in December. Source: AAP
Other risks include not wearing lifejackets and swimming alone.
Royal Life Saving's new advertising campaign "Make the Right Call" urges men to step up and encourage their mates to make safe choices around water.
"We've all got mates that are prone to showing off, who drink a little too much around water, so we're really trying to target men to look after their mates," Mr Scarr said.
The campaign will run all summer across radio, TV and social media.
Royal Life Saving recommends avoid drinking alcohol around water bodies, wearing a lifejacket when boating or using watercraft and avoid swimming or being on the water alone to stay safe.
with AAP
Do you have a story tip? Email: newsroomau@yahoonews.com.
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Namma Metro is humming a new tune these days: Kabootar ja ja ja, Kabootar ja ja ja
By Sridhar VivanSridhar Vivan, Bangalore Mirror Bureau | Aug 2, 2019, 06.00 AM IST
Bright-coloured dartboards have been installed at Metro stations to keep the pest birds — and their corrosive droppings — at bay
Namma Metro has a new enemy. No, it’s not the commuter angry with the non-functional ticket vending machines, lack of staff or the long wait times at stations. It’s the humble pigeon – in fact hordes of them.
After grappling with pigeon mess for several months, Namma Metro has finally found a way to keep the “enemy” at bay, albeit in a humane manner. It has installed large, dartboard-like boards at stations which scare away pigeons. The concentric circles in bright colours work in two ways – a) they mess with the pigeon’s depth perception thus making it difficult for them to land on the area above the tracks; b) to pigeons, these circles seem like the eyes of a predator thus scaring them off.
A senior Metro official told Bangalore Mirror, “We are tired of pigeons flocking the metro stations and dirtying the place. There have been numerous complaints from commuters about pigeon droppings. We tried different measures to keep away pigeons but have failed. We want to deal with them in a humane way. So, as a last resort, we have installed pigeon repellent boards at Trinity station. These boards, which look like dart boards, are said to keep the pigeons away because of its texture. Around four boards are placed at the entry and exit of the platforms.”
The world over, public transport authorities install spikes to keep the pest bird away. In fact, at the Waterloo railway station, authorities are using the services of a hawk to scare away pigeons. But Metro was keen on a humane solution; it did not want to install spikes as that would have had to be done at a great height. The other option was to install sound-wave emitters but that would have driven away other birds such as sparrows and mynahs.
BMRCL’s executive director (operations) AS Shankar said that they have observed the nesting of pigeons inside the Metro stations. “The biggest problem is the pigeon dropping which is found all over stations, platforms and even tracks. Our staff have to regularly clean the platforms to clear the droppings. Hence, we are experimenting with repellent boards.”
Pigeon dropping has high uric acid content thus making it very corrosive. This can prove to be dangerous for Metro tracks over a period of time. Also, the dropping is a carrier of disease-causing bacteria.
Birds, including pigeons, find Metro an easier home because of its elevation as well as the open space on the platforms. Experts say that Metro was also mulling over installing nets but given the nature of entry and exit of trains, nets wouldn’t have been a feasible idea.
The biggest problem is the pigeon dropping. Our staff have to regularly clean the platforms to clear the droppings. Hence, we are experimenting with repellent boards
– BMRCL executive director (Operations) AS Shankar
Does that pigeons are unhealthy for humans? HK Muniyellappa of Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, says no. “Pigeon droppings and secretion can lead to zoonotic diseases at times. So it is always better to take precautions.”
Delhi Metro has also installed similar boards at its stations to keep the pests away and users say it has hit the bull’s eye with the dartboards.
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The Yaron Brook Show: Rule of Law, Scalia and Ted Cruz
POST by The Editors | View All Posts February 26, 2016
This Saturday, February 27, Yaron Brook is joined by Tara Smith, professor of philosophy and BB&T Chair for the Study of Objectivism at the University of Texas at Austin, and together they will talk about the rule of law, Justice Scalia’s death and Ted Cruz’s presidential campaign.
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Michael Kinsley has a very sensible take on the Supreme Court’s McCutcheon decision that is particularly notable because he refuses to join the chorus of unfocused, hysterical complaints about money in politics emanating from many of his colleagues on the left.
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Peggy Noonan ably exposes the emptiness of the left’s triumphalism over Obamacare’s announcement of “7 million insured.” However, in the course of her comments, she praises Social Security by comparison.
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The political, legal and moral questions surrounding abortion, forty years after the historic Roe v. Wade decision.
Kagan’s Updated Declaration of Independence
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In light of Elena Kagan’s impending confirmation for the Supreme Court, I’m troubled by the clash between her legal philosophy and that of America’s Founding Fathers.
Ayn Rand | 1957
For the New Intellectual
The Moral Meaning of Capitalism
An industrialist who works for nothing but his own profit guiltlessly proclaims his refusal to be sacrificed for the “public good.”
The Objectivist Ethics
What is morality? Why does man need it? — and how the answers to these questions give rise to an ethics of rational self-interest.
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Bucharest Region
Romania is a sovereign state located in Southeastern Europe. It borders the Black Sea, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia, and Moldova. It has an area of 238,397 square kilometres (92,046 sq mi) and a temperate-continental climate. With almost 20 million inhabitants, the country is the seventh most populous member state of the European Union. Its capital and largest city, Bucharest, is the sixth-largest city in the EU, with 1,883,425 inhabitants as of 2011; other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, Iași and Constanța.
Capital Bucharest
Government Parliamentary Republic
Currency leu (RON)
Area 237,500 sq km
Population 19,942,642 ( 2015 estimate.)
Language Romanian
Tld .ro
Electricity 220V/50Hz (European plug)
True or not, or something else? Week-end 25 – 26 July our small Study Circle group from Bucharest, explored the beauty and mysterious environment in Romania. There are places that are surrounded by mystery. Areas that generate controversy, legends and make scientists raise their eyebrows or frown over the paranormal manifestations. Are they true or not, or something else. Our group ..→
AMURT Bucharest Apartment ( Romania) 3x "Social Apartments" for disadvantage youths (Bucharest). To infuse Romanian homeless youth with a purpose in life, empowering them to become responsible, mature, contributing members of the society, and attain personal socio-economic independence.
In this “Transitional Living Program” the youths (service users) receive ..→
Romanian homeless youth with a purpose in life (Wednesday, 16 September 2009 - AMURT) AMURT Romania, to infuse Romanian homeless youth with a purpose in life, empowering them to become responsible, mature, contributing members of the society, and attain personal socio-economic independence. On 16th September 2009 AMURT in partnership with The General ..→
AMURT Romania is a branch of Ananda Marga Universal Relief Team which is one of the few voluntary organizations of Third World origin. AMURT was established in 1970 and incorporated in Romania in 1990. AMURT Romania is a non-profit NGO – formally recognized as such by the United Nations through its Department of Public Information.
AMURT Romania has developed and managed two big projects: ..→
Valea Lupului Guesthouse ( Romania - WWD) You will find the Guest House nestled amongst gentle hills and lush woodland. To the west is the Chichilau Mountain, home, two thousand years ago, of Romania's first settlers, the Daker. The archaeological finds of three excavations are proof of these original inhabitants. East of the Guest House the River Buzau ..→
Gradinita Rasarit Kindergarten - ( Romania - WWD) We give fundamental importance to creating a loving, warm, creative environment where each child will feel special and appreciated. At Rasarit, learning is a joyful discovery experience using “play-way method”. Teachers use progressive, creative methods to stimulate the children’s ..→
Bio Garden and Products (1 March 2016 Romania - WWD) You want to offer the best to those that you love and nothing is more precious than health. That is why we bring you a basket of organic vegetables directly from our garden to your table! Grown in harmony with the earth, the vegetables from the AMURTEL Garden are grown with ..→
AMURTEL Romania ( Romania - WWD) AMURTEL Romania arrived in 1992, and after witnessing the neglect and inhumane conditions of children abandoned in the state Communist children’s homes, decided to open a small family style children’s home in the peaceful rural mountain village of Panatau. The first child arrived in 1995, and since then, “AMURTEL Family” has been home to ..→
Children Home Panatau ( Romania - WWD) AMURTEL Family has been offering a loving, warm, creative and healing home to children whose parents were not able to take care of them since 1992. The home located in Panatau, a small peaceful rural village in the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, and was designed to offer an alternative to the overcrowded and negligent ..→
Domnesti Farm Project (2014, Bucharest Region) is a collaboration between AMURT Romania and United Way of Romania. The Domnesti land of 14,000 m2 got a new "makeup" by the volunteering members from City Bank. Agriculture machines and seedlings were provided by United Way of Romania.
This project is one of the activities of the Homeless Youth Project, were the youth learn to cultivate and ..→
AMURT Romania 1993-2016 (Romania - Marga History) 1993 to 2008: Domnesti Children's Home: for children with the love and special care that they needed to overcome the challenges caused by the traumas of their early life experiences. 2009 to 2015 (2017): An effort to prepare homeless youths for adulthood by using a development approach when exercising ..→
Romania (2007, Bucharest Region - Marga history) is a land of contrasts with commercial cites and traditional villages. In the countryside, a very traditional old-European. There are usually no indoor plumbing, paved roads, or other modern amenities lifestyle. Homes made from mud and cow dung, and crafts such as weaving. An economy based mostly on subsistence agriculture and thus ..→
Romania: What is happening & Why
Romania's Orphans (1 December 1990, Romania) Shortly after Nicolar Ceauscu was overthrown on December 22, 1989, the world was exposed for the first time to the shocking images of Romania's orphans, especially its handicapped children and babies with AIDS. These children, numbering over 100,000, live for the most part in Dickensian institutions - bleak, understaffed ..→
Romanian students fail exam July 2011 (Bucharest Region) Only 44.47 percent of Romanian high school students passed last week's 2011, according to the results published by Romanian education authorities on Sunday. The baccalaureate exam in Romania is the secondary school educational qualification test, and passing it attests that a student has graduated high ..→
Worst social stigma in Romania (Romania - why) In August 29, 2002, Madalin Voicu, one of the most well known Romani politicians in Romania and one of two Romani representatives in the Romanian parliament, made the following statement:
Our gypsies are stupid. They could at least be crafty but they aren't. They are ..→
What happened to the children of Romania? (2010, Romania - why) It is 20 years since the world found out about the thousands of children locked away in Romania's state institutions. Markku Sosimaki (Dada), the head of AMURT Romania, agree the conditions were improved but the children were ..→
Romanian Revolution of 1989 December 1989 (Romania - why) The Romanian Revolution of 1989 was a week-long series of increasingly violent riots and fighting in late December 1989 that overthrew the government of the totalitarian president Nicolae Ceauşescu. After a trial, Ceauşescu and his wife Elena were ..→
Hungary is a country in Central Europe that covers an area of 93,030 square kilometres (35,920 sq mi) in the Carpathian Basin, bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Austria to the northwest, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, and Slovenia to the west. With about 10 million inhabitants, Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union. The official language is Hungarian, which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world.[15] Hungary's capital and its largest city and metropolis is Budapest, a significant economic hub, classified as a leading global city. Major urban areas include Debrecen, Szeged, Miskolc, Pécs and Győr.
Capital Budapest
Government Parliamentary democracy
Currency Forint (HUF)
Population 9,797,561 ( 2017 estimate.)
Language Humgarian
Tld .hu
Working with Roma villagers ( Hungary - WWD) Dregelypalank has 1400 inhabitants; out of them approximately 400 Roma. Most of them live at the outskirts of the village. Unemplyment, poor nutrition, lack of education and poor housing condition are characteristic. Our project is trageting the disadvataged ..→
Hungary: What is happening & Why
Bulgaria is a country in Southeast Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. The capital and largest city is Sofia; other major cities are Plovdiv, Varna and Burgas. With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), Bulgaria is Europe's 16th-largest country.
Capital Sofia
Government Unitary parliamentary republic
Currency Lev (BGN)
Area 110,993.6 sq km
Language Bulgarian
Tld .bg
Bulgaria: What is happening & Why
Retrieved from "https://berlinsectorpedia.eu/wikipedia/index.php?title=Bucharest_Region&oldid=2465"
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Paleobotany Collections
Loan Policies
Paleobotany Research Team Heads to Antarctica
Home / Paleobotany / News / Antarctic Departure
KU-Led Scientific Team Departs for Antarctic Research Expedition
Contact: Jen Humphrey, 785-864-2344
Although most people think of Antarctica as a barren, cold environment, 200 million years ago it was a lush forest – a forest that now permineralized can yield clues to the climate change of the past, and how plants today may react to current climate change as well.
An international research team headed by KU scientists will head to Antarctica this week as part of a project aimed at understanding floral changes during the Jurassic in the Transantarctic Mountains of Antarctica. The group, departing on Tuesday, Nov. 11, will be on the ground for about one month and plans to blog and post to social media about the experience. The public is invited to follow the team’s work here.
As part of this research, the group will examine the Early Jurassic fossil flora and the corresponding paleoenvironments from southern Victoria Land using a combination of geology, geochemistry and paleobotany.
“This research is important in understanding what climate and environment was like at the poles during one of Earth’s past greenhouse climates and how plants responded to both climate changes and instantaneous disruptions through the rise of volcanoes,” said Rudy Serbet, collection manager of paleobotany at KU Biodiversity Institute and one of the team leaders for the trip. “These sorts of times and environmental stresses are key to understanding how current climate change may affect high latitude plants.”
During their time in Antarctica, the researchers will be based at the McMurdo research station, but will also take several camping field trips “out to the ice,” including the Odell Glacier area and the Allan Hills. The group hopes to share images and experiences from the research station and eventually from the field, where communications technology is limited to satellite phones.
In addition to Serbet, the group is co-lead by geologist Erik L. Gulbranson, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, and includes KU paleobotany graduate student Carla Harper; geologist Lauren A. Michel from the Perot Museum of Nature and Science, Dallas; paleobotanist Ignacio Escapa of Argentina; paleobotanist Anne-Laure Decombeix of the French Center for Scientific Research of Montpellier, France; Charles Daghlian of Dartmouth College; and mountaineers Andrew Brown and David Buchanan. In addition, several other scientists from KU, other U.S. universities and Sweden are also involved in the research project but are not going to Antarctica. This work is part of a collaborative NSF proposal to PI Edith Taylor and CO-PI Tom Taylor at KU, and CO-PI Erik L. Gulbranson and John L. Isbell at UWM.
Fossils preserved by Kansas chalk for eons will be digitized and shared via new NSF grant
Grant Will Train Future Paleontologists, Shed Light on Early Cenozoic Mammals
Craig Freeman Recognized on the Kansas Notable Books List
Krishtalka Elected Vice Chair of GBIF
Sarah Gibson Honored with Albert Wood Student Research Award
New research will create a 21st-century tally of biodiversity in Southwest Pacific
New research will create a 21st-century tally of biodiversity
Join Us for a Night of Science, Spirits and Skeletons: Party in the Panorama 2016
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BioTork
Evolving beyond the imagination
Fuel Ethanol
Omega3 Oil
Consumer Alcohol
1) What is a cellular factory?
2) How are cellular factories chosen and/or developed?
3) How is evolutionary optimization different from genetic engineering?
4) How has BioTork’s technology revolutionized evolutionary optimization?
1) What is a cellular factory and what is its importance? Most people know that products like beer and wine are produced by microorganisms through the process of fermentation, and most probably know that many bulk commodity chemicals, like fuel ethanol, are also produced through fermentation. However, it might surprise one to discover just how many products we consume daily are also produced through fermentation — such as coffee, chocolate, insulin, yogurt, deli meats, vitamins, enzymes, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, bioplastics, pharmaceuticals and much more. It can be fairly said that the “fermentation industry” is easily the largest economic sector in the world in terms of both volume and revenues. BioTork is on the cutting edge of innovation in the fermentation industry.
At the heart of this industry is what we call the cellular factory, or the microorganism that is used to make the product. These microorganisms are given food and other nutrients and cultivated in bioreactors wherein they convert the food into the desired product. Like any other component of a production process, the cellular factory needs to be continually upgraded to maximize productivity and reduce the cost of goods to gain or maintain a competitive advantage.
2) How are cellular factories chosen and/or developed? Historically, cellular factories were “bioprospected”. This means that microorganisms were chosen from the wild for their ability to make the desired product. However, since wild microorganisms have spent billions of years evolving for ever-changing environmental conditions, they rarely perform well enough in terms of product titer and productivity to support a commercially viable process. This means that, more often than not, wild microorganisms need to be further developed.
The oldest means of optimizing the performance of microbes is simple selection, where a microbe is plugged ainto a commercial process and, over many years, one selects for strains that perform better and better. This is how the alcoholic beverage industry ended up selecting for strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that can tolerate ethanol concentrations of up to 20% over the course of a few thousand years. Of course, most companies don’t have thousands of years to obtain optimized strains. The process of strain improvement needs to be accelerated.
This led to the development of evolutionary optimization. In this method, microorganisms are maintained under laboratory conditions in a state of continuous culture. The strain developer then applies selective pressure for the acquisition of new properties that improve its performance in the industrial setting. Of course, since evolution requires genetic diversity, methods can be employed that introduce new mutations into the evolving population, thereby accelerating the pace of evolution.
With the advent of genetic engineering, the ability to deliberately modify the genomes of cellular factories held the promise of accelerating the pace of strain development even further. Without a doubt, genetic engineering has achieved many amazing things, however, there are two fundamental problems with the technology. First, many industries do not tolerate genetically modified cellular factories (GMOs) for reasons of consumer preference. Second, while genetic engineering can be used to coerce a microbe into making a particular product, it cannot be used to select for the best strain with that capability. Only evolutionary optimization can do that. When genetic engineering is coupled with evolutionary optimization, truly robust cellular factories can be made.
3) How is evolutionary optimization different from genetic engineering? In genetic engineering, targeted disruptions are made in the genome of the cellular factory. This can be in the form of foreign DNA that is introduced or endogenous DNA that is altered or removed. They key point being that mutations are deliberate. In evolutionary optimization, the mutations that are introduced into the genome occur via spontaneous mutation and natural selection is applied to select for the most optimized strain. Think of it as a way of “breeding” microorganisms.
It may seem as though the distinction is rather a matter of semantics. However, the distinction between the two technologies has critical ramifications for product deployment and marketing. The reason is that it can often be difficult or impossible to deploy products made from genetically engineered microbes (GMOs) in certain markets due to consumer backlash. Microbes that are developed solely using evolutionary optimization are not legally considered GMOs and are therefore exempt from regulations that govern the deployment of GMOs.
4) How has BioTork’s technology revolutionized evolutionary optimization? In order to get evolutionary optimization to work, one must have a method for continuously culturing microorganisms. In order to apply maximal selective pressure, one must be able to monitor growth in real time, one must be able to culture a large enough population with sufficient genetic diversity and one must be able to consistently sample a representative subset of the entire evolving population. More importantly, it is critical that the cellular factory be evolved under the exact conditions it will be expected to perform under.
The average strain developer has two methods of continuous culture available to them, both of which have serious limitations that hinder or prevent successful evolution of optimized strains. The first, and oldest method, is called serial batch culture. For practical reasons, it is difficult to monitor growth rate in real time using this method without reducing selective pressure. The second method, which is exemplified by devices known as chemostats, is limited by a phenomenon known as wall growth where microbes stick to the surfaces of the bioreactor to evade evolutionary pressure. Most importantly, neither method (serial batch culture or chemostats) can be used effectively to evolve microbes that are adherent or filamentous or on real world industrial substrates. This has largely limited to use of evolution for strain development and led to the perception that evolutionary optimization is slow and plodding.
BioTork uses a new and proprietary method of continuous culture that circumvents all the problems associated with serial batch culture and chemostats allowing for rapid and robust evolution of any type of microorganism on any type of substrate.
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COPYRIGHT BIOTORK 2017
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Accomplished Consultancy Services Providing Insight & Solutions for Businesses
Oncostrat ™
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Epiomic
Oncostrat
Rx Price Index
Roches Tecentriq not recommended for untreated extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer
According to the National Lung Cancer Audit, 2,814 patients(1) were incident with extensive small-cell lung cancer in 2017 across England and Wales, this represents 71%(1) of all patients diagnosed with the disease. Despite very poor outcomes and many patients being diagnosed with metastatic disease, treatment options have been slow to develop. In an age of...
Japan now added to Rx Price Index™
Japan joins Europe and USA in database Rx Price Index™ now includes prescription pricing data for Japan from June 2015 to present account for over 750,000 records. Japan now joins the USA and 27 EU markets on the platform providing a global overview of prescription pricing. The next country to be added to the database...
Increase in air pollution results in significant rise of diseases analysis shows
A study conducted in one of the largest and heavily industrialised city, Shenyang, showed that an increase of 10ug/m3 of PM10 corresponded to 55% and 49% increase in the risk of deaths due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respectively. Furthermore, a study conducted in Santiago, Chile (with a high level of air pollution) has shown...
Spreading the cheer this Christmas
December is known to be the month when staff productivity levels are at their lowest point. With festive distractions it is harder to get staff to focus and complete deadlines. But, not so much at Black Swan Analysis, where we have a ‘word hard party harder’ attitude. We kicked off December by raising money for...
Mulpleo (lusutrombopag) set to be funded by NHS
Lusutrombopag is currently indicated for the treatment of severe thrombocytopaenia in patients suffering from liver disease undergoing invasive surgery. Following the approval from NICE it is now set to be funded by the NHS. Lusutrombopag indication Severe thrombocytopaenia is associated with an increased risk of bleeding following surgery due to decreased platelet levels (platelets <...
Cerliponase alfa (Brineura) deemed cost effective under managed access agreement
On November 27, 2019, NICE issued a guidance which approved the limited use of Cerliponase alfa under a managed access agreement. After reviewing clinical trial data and expert analysis, NICE agreed that the treatment had a significant effect on slowing the progression of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Type 2 in children. What is Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis...
Bulgaria now added to Rx Price Index
Bulgaria added to the expansive list of countries Black Swan Analysis are delighted to announce that Bulgaria becomes the latest country to be incorporated into the Rx Price Index™ database. With roughly 140,000 unique records, pharmaceutical pricing information from Bulgarian markets can be easily found dating from June 2015 to present. The platform now boasts...
Repatha has list price slashed ahead of schedule
What is Repatha? Repatha (evolocumab) is a monoclonal antibody designed to inhibit PCSK9 and in turn reduce levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in the cardiovascular system. PCSK9 is a proprotein that is involved in the breakdown of LDL receptors, which impedes the liver from removing LDLs in the bloodstream (Weinreich and Frishman, 2014). A clinical...
Understanding Epiomic™ Epidemiology series reports
The epidemiology series reports are a collection of reports which provides a more condensed version of our proprietary Epiomic patient segmentation database. The reports have been developed with our client’s needs, proving a comprehensive overview of the patient populations for a given disease. Each of the disease publications is specific to a given disease and...
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Posts By: Vanessa Roveto
EventApril 19, 2018
Soundstream 2018: CalArts Bands Live at the Troubadour
On Thursday (April 19), 10 bands from the graduating class of The Herb Alpert School of Music at CalArts will perform live at The Troubadour, one of Los Angeles’ most…
April 17, 2018 // Categories: Events, Music
Photos from the 2015 CalArts Halloween Party
“Freak Show” was the theme for this year’s CalArts Halloween Party, which took place in the Main Gallery on Oct. 30, 2015. Carnivalesque decor set the stage for maximum fun, and a…
November 6, 2015 // Categories: General, Institute
CalArts Faculty Marissa Chibas Awarded Fox Fellowship
Longtime CalArts faculty member Marissa Chibas has been awarded a Fox Foundation Resident Actor Fellowship for Distinguished Achievement. The prestigious fellowship comes with a monetary award that will support Chibas’ artistic and professional…
October 22, 2015 // Categories: Theater
EventOctober 15 - 25, 2015
Spotlight on CalArts Alumni at Live Arts Exchange (LAX) Festival
From Oct. 15-25, Los Angeles Performance Practice and the Bootleg Theater present the third annual Live Arts Exchange (LAX) Festival, a performance series featuring local artists, including many former and current…
October 20, 2015 // Categories: Events, Theater
CalArts Animators Behind-the-Scenes on Malala
Oscar-winning documentarian Davis Guggenheim used a team of CalArts animators for his latest live-action feature, He Named Me Malala, an intimate portrait of activist Malala Yousafzai. In 2012, 15-year-old Malala was shot in the head…
October 19, 2015 // Categories: Film/Video
EventOctober 16, 2015
Aesthetics & Politics WHAP! Series: Re-Assembling Tijuana
The Aesthetics & Politics program’s WHAP! lecture series continues on Oct. 16 at 8 pm at the West Hollywood Public Library with Re-Assembling Tijuana, a panel discussion that features architect/professor Rene Peralta, author/professor…
October 14, 2015 // Categories: Critical Studies, Events, Series
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Home » CIA Alumni Profiles » Entrepreneur Jeremy Faber ’96, Foraged and Found Edibles
Entrepreneur Jeremy Faber ’96, Foraged and Found Edibles
Jeremy Faber ’96, Founder of Foraged and Found Edibles
CIA Alumni Bio
You can catch glimpses of him moving swiftly through the forest toting a black sack. And if his determined step makes you think he knows just where he is going and what he is looking for, you’d be right. For Jeremy, the woods of the Pacific Northwest are familiar and wonderful. Once a forestry major at the University of Vermont, Jeremy credits his deep love of the forest and his love of food with shaping his culinary calling. As founder of Foraged and Found Edibles, he has spent the last 18 years combing the woods and coming up with the equivalent of gold. It was in late 2000, after a particularly prolific morel mushroom year spent in the Washington Cascades, that Jeremy finally decided on a career as a full-time forager. With the help of Christina Choi, a fellow chef, the business grew until Foraged and Found Edibles was supplying a multitude of wild foods for numerous Seattle farmers markets and local restaurants.
The Bounty of Nature
When he emerges from the forest Jeremy carries with him morels, cauliflower, porcinis, matsutake, and king boletes mushrooms as well as fiddlehead ferns, Miners lettuce, sea bean, wood sorel, elderflower, madrone bark, rosehips, wild ginger, nettles, huckleberries, and blackcap raspberries—riches in their own right. “Our passion for wild foods is what inspires us to supply the best of nature’s bounty, from mushrooms to wild greens,” says Jeremy. “We believe in the culinary and medicinal benefits of everything we offer. Our products are harvested throughout the Pacific Northwest, from northern California to southern British Columbia, from the Pacific Ocean to the continental divide.”
Jeremy sells to more than 100 or so restaurants like Sitka & Spruce in Seattle, Giulia near Boston, and The Spotted Pig in Manhattan. He recently opened a warehouse in New York City and Boston and developed an online ordering service through which pounds of wild mushrooms—both fresh and dried—are delivered straight to people’s kitchens the next day. The products are, “FedExed to you, anywhere in the lower 48,” says Jeremy.
Jeremy was introduced to foraging while working at the high-end, seasonally driven restaurant The Herbfarm as a sous chef under Chef Jerry Traunfeld who sourced nearly everything locally. The restaurant hosts an annual Mycologist’s Dream menu that depends solely on Jeremy’s foraging. But it’s farmers’ markets that provide the best profit margin—he sells at four of them each week.
When asked about the rumors that foragers are destroying the bounty in the forests of the Northwest, he rejects the idea, explaining that the government regulates foragers by requiring them to purchase a permit for every food item they wish to take from the woods. And they are not allowed to pick in state parks or in wilderness areas in some of the states in which he forages. “Foraging done properly has zero environmental impact,” Jeremy says. “It’s completely sustainable.”
Passionately devoted to wild edibles, Jeremy sometimes toys with the idea about opening a restaurant that serves only wild foods on the menu. Till then, his work as a forager gives everyone a little taste of the wonders of the woods.
Chef Jeremy Faber majored in culinary arts at The Culinary Institute of America in Hyde Park, NY. He is the founder and proprietor of Foraged and Found Edibles in Seattle, WA.
Chef Tom Gumpel ’86, Master Baker
Chef and Food Writer Pamela Parseghian ’81...
Chef Prateek Sadhu ’11, From Foreign to Fa...
Chef Charles LaMonica ’79, A Career in Foo...
« Chef Lori Daniel ’79, Culinary Innovator » Chef Jeff Marcove ’98, The Best Team Building
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Cureatr Meds 360°
Comprehensive Medication Management /
what is meds 360°?
Security & Technology
How well are you serving your patients?
https://blog.cureatr.com/cureatr-inc-welcomes-richard-resnick-ceo
Cureatr, Inc. Welcomes Richard Resnick as Chief Executive Officer
I want to learn more about: all topics
Medication Management (48)
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Cureatr News (1)
Jake Behnke
VC Backed IT Start-up Veteran Brings 15 Years of Experience to NYC Based Real-time Healthcare Information Service Provider
New York City, New York - Cureatr, a real-time healthcare information service provider, announced that Richard Resnick has joined the company as Chief Executive Officer and as a member of its board of directors. Since Cureatr’s inception in 2012, the company has delivered world-class secure messaging and clinical transition notifications to improve patient care through stronger clinical communication and coordination. Under Resnick’s leadership, Cureatr is broadening its offerings to meet the evolving needs of providers and patients alike.
“I was originally attracted to Cureatr because of its amazing people, its strong customer base, and its best-in-class technology,” said Resnick. “I cannot imagine a more impactful and exciting time to join Cureatr as we transform from a technology company to a better care company, dedicated to the bigger work of filling in the blanks that exist in healthcare for clinicians, hospitals and patient populations.”
Before joining Cureatr, Mr. Resnick led the VC-backed GQ Life Sciences as its President and CEO to a successful acquisition by Aptean. Resnick holds an M.B.A. from the MIT Sloan School of Management, an M.S. in Computer Science from Worcester Polytechnic Institute, and a B.S in Computer Science from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
To hear more from Richard on his new position, click here to read this interview.
About Cureatr
Cureatr creates a picture of a whole patient, giving clinicians vital depth and context into who they are, what illnesses they’ve faced, what medications they’ve taken, where they’ve been within healthcare facilities and where they’re going, as they’re going there, in real-time, so clinicians can take real action to deliver better care.
Medication Compliance
5 Medication Compliance Tips for Practitioners and Pharmacies
What is Medication Compliance: 5 Things Providers Should Know
Medication Management: 2019 Year in Review
Meds 360°
Cureatr is a comprehensive medication management (CMM) solutions company dedicated to repairing the United States’ $528 Billion, 275,000 deaths a year suboptimal medication management problem. We provide real-time, universal access to accurate medication data for over 265 Million patient and high-quality interventions by board certified telepharmacists. We have the expertise, resources, and technology to help you get the meds right and keep your patients out of the hospital.
© Cureatr 2020
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Steve Cole
It's never too early to share a good story with these easy-to-use Early Reader iBooks. Press on the pictures to make them move. Read on your own or use the 'read aloud' function. Enjoy sound effects that bring the text to life.
Read, watch and listen to Twit's story. Twit is a raggedy little owl whose brothers love to play tricks on him. It gets him into all sorts of trouble! But everything changes when Twit meets a clever vole called Norma. All of a sudden, Twit's brothers had better watch out - Norma and Twit might just have a trick of their own to play...
This iBook has audio on every page and contains 23 animated pictures. It is written by bestselling author Steve Cole, who is also the author of Astrosaurs and the most recent Young Bond books, and illustrated by Jane Porter.
Twit is one of seven 'touch and listen' Early Reader iBooks containing animation, sound effects and unabridged audio.
Early Readers are stepping stones from picture books to reading books.
A blue Early Reader is perfect for sharing and reading together.
A red Early Reader is the next step on your reading journey.
A yellow Early Reader is a Touch and Listen iBook.
Visit Steve Cole's website at http://www.stevecolebooks.co.uk, keep up-to-date with his blog at http://www.stevecolebooks.co.uk/steves-space/blog and watch his Youtube channel at http://www.youtube.com/stevecolebooks.
More Books by Steve Cole
Adventure Duck vs The Wicked Walrus
Adventure Duck vs the Armadillo Army
Adventure Duck vs Power Pug
Monstar's Messy School Day
Monstar and the Haunted House
Monstar's Perfect Pet
Early Reader: The Parent Swap Shop
A Lion In The Meadow
The Man Whose Mother Was a Pirate
Cudweed in Outer Space
Spider School
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By bookshelfbattle Tomfoolery, Uncategorized
Millenial Strippers are the Worst
BQB here.
Just wanted to give you 3.5 readers a handy tip – if you’re thinking about going to a strip club, don’t bother.
Now honestly, that’s been good advice for a long time, no matter the time period. You get sad, a strange woman briefly slaps you in the face with her knockers, you feel better for five minutes but then ultimately, you’d of been better of if you’d of saved your money. That money in a bank account with compounding interest would have done more for you than using it to pay for a brief breast slap to the face, fun as that may be.
But according to my colleague, the Alleged Man i.e. the man that people think pretends to be me and all the other characters on this illustrious site, strip clubs are pretty much a big let down these days because millennial strippers are the worst.
AM used to visit strip clubs when he was younger and he advises that the Generation X strippers were really a bunch of go-getters. You’d walk into the joint and within 5 minutes they’d be sitting on your lap, offering you lap dances, doing yeoman’s work to use their giant fake breasts to convince you to part with your hard earned cash.
Hell, many of them were even pests about it. AM recalls many an occasion when he just wanted to hang out and not spend much money and ogle the stripper on the pole while nursing a drink all night. Gen X strippers would pester him for lap dances. AM would say no, sorry, he’s all out of money. But the savvy, hard working Gen X strippers would be all like, “Oh, you know we have an ATM…oh, you know, we take credit cards, oh you know, there’s a place nearby that will cash a check, oh you know you could do this, or that…”
I mean really, the Gen X strippers went the extra mile. Sometimes the AM felt like any second they were going to put on a green eye shade and pull out a calculator and like a used car salesman trying to close a deal, say, “What’s it going to take to put my butt on your lap today?”
AM stopped that though. Too expensive. Bad habit really. He grew up and learned money in the bank is worth more than a brief dalliance with a skank. (That rhymed.)
But he felt sad lately and visited one and he is sad to say that millennial strippers are the worst.
First, they all choose their stripper names based on pop culture. “Chastity” and “Misty” and “Amber” are all gone. Now it’s all, “Coming up on the main stage, Khaleesi!” Seriously. Khaleesi. Oh and Elsa. A lot of Frozen and Game of Thrones fans among the millennial stripper community apparently.
Second, the work ethic is gone. While those Generation X strippers would descend upon AM and get him on his way in no time, leaving him briefly enticed followed by sad and broke, the millennial strippers just mill about on their cell phones. They text, they do social media, they take selfies, they talk to each other, play phone games, everything but get out there and earn some green from all the losers who have come in willing to part with their cash to the first pretty face they see.
I mean, really, AM had half a mind to raise his hand and say, “Excuse me, what do I have to do to spend an absurd amount of money to get slapped in the face with a pair of bosoms around here?”
Yes, AM misses the days of the early 2000s when Generation X strippers really worked hard for those dirty, wrinkly, sweaty dollar bills. Sadly, like every other group within the millennial generation, millennial strippers just think the dirty, wrinkly sweaty dollar bills are going to magically pop into their G-strings without doing all the leg work…or grind work or what have you.
Oh, FYI my lawyer says to tell you this is just a story, a musing, none of this happened. AM is a teetotalling bible studier and he spends most of his free time studying the bible and washing leper feet. The only way he’d ever go to a strip club would be to tell the strippers to repent, pray for their souls and beg for the Lord’s forgiveness and to find a more dignified means of supporting themselves.
Tagged sex, strippers
9 thoughts on “Millenial Strippers are the Worst”
tahenryauthoress says:
Bwahahahahahah. I haven’t been in eons. I always liked the pole dancers, such athleticism. Sounds like I won’t get any of that if I go now.
bookshelfbattle says:
Just Elsa and Khaleesi playing Candy Crush while perverts are left to walk out the door with money in their pockets. Shame really.
I’ll keep an eye out for the inevitable ‘Millennials are Killing Strip Clubs’ headline.
I think I’m ahead of the curve!
Brittany M. says:
Really! They are naming themselves after Frozen characters. Lol
daddyproblemsblog says:
Interesting way of looking at it.
averyanonymous says:
I don’t know what kind of strip clubs you are going to but every one I have ever worked at has been ridden with a plethora of extremely aggressive girls. I find that is my biggest problem in the industry because I am more shy and most girls there are straight vultures. They charge at the men within seconds of them arriving while I like to wait around for a while and let them see everyone before they may want to decide to spend time with me. Sorry AM did not receive a proper amount of tit to face.
Well I agree it’s good to survey the scene a little while. Worst thing when you have limited funds is to get nabbed by an uggo only to see a hottie later when you’re out of dough. Perhaps you go to a better place but I generally find I got to pray that god makes one of their phones break for five mins just to get some attention
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Pride and Prejudice*(*Sort Of)
Catch Tori Burgess in this Tron/Blood of the Young production for a unique and colourful take on the definitive rom-com, Pride & Prejudice. Five vaguely familiar young women have a story to tell. You’ll have seen them, emptying the chamber pots and sweeping ash from the grate, the overlooked and the undervalued making sure that everyone above stairs finds their happy ending. Because when you can’t be the romantic lead in your own story, you have to play a supporting role in someone else’s.
Men, money and microphones will be fought over in this irreverent, all-female adaptation of Jane Austen’s unrivalled literary classic. It’s party time for Elizabeth, Darcy, Jane, Bingley and even those who never got names… Let the ruthless match-making begin.
Written by Isobel McArthur after Jane Austen. Directed by Paul Brotherston. Designed by Ana Inés Jabares-Pita
Overall Dates: 28th June – 14th July, Tron Theatre Glasgow.
Full Details here
The Last Ship – California
This January, Sting takes to the stage for a limited run of his musical, The Last Ship, in California. BAA’s Annie Grace will be reprising her role as Baroness Tyndale,…Read More
Deadwater Fell – Channel 4
Brand new crime drama Deadwater Fell comes to Channel 4 this month, and features BAA’s Hannah Donaldson. The series follows a small Scottish community that is rocked by the murder…Read More
Amy Kennedy – River City
We’re thrilled for Amy Kennedy, who will be joining the cast of River City! Playing the mysterious Maisie Evans, Amy arrives in Shieldinch in early 2020 and we’re excited to…Read More
Digital Fictions by Visible Fictions
This year Visible Fictions commissioned 4 writers based in Scotland to tell a Christmas story. The result is Digital Fictions, four films to be released each day from 16th-19th December,…Read More
Traces – Alibi
Louise Montgomery features in Traces, a suspense-filled crime thriller based on an original idea by best-selling crime writer Val McDermid, written by Amelia Bullmore and set in the world of…Read More
I Can Go Anywhere – Traverse Theatre
I Can Go Anywhere comes to the Traverse Theatre this December and features Paul McCole as Stevie, a disillusioned academic who once wrote an unfashionable book on youth movements in…Read More
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Brick Wall Blitz
March 17, 2016 March 17, 2016 brickwallblitz Uncategorized
Deep Ball Project: FAQ
First of all, I apologize for not posting on here in a while. My college schedule and work have taken over a lot of my life, so being on Spring Break has finally allowed me to clear time.
Anyway, back to the topic at hand. On Tuesday (March 15th), I posted a chart of my research from watching 33 quarterbacks throw the ball downfield. This is the (recently fixed) chart I am referring to.
Since posting the chart, the number of views exploded immediately. While the reaction has been mostly positive, many people have had questions relating to my grading methods, as well as the requirements for the charting.
That’s why I’m here to answer those questions. Below are the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) I’ve been receiving, and my answers to them.
Q: What is the minimum requirement for a “deep” ball?
A: The football must travel at least 16 yards in the air to be able to qualify as a deep pass. This means the ball must travel at least 16 yards from the original line of scrimmage to qualify.That’s why the numbers/grading looks a little more generous.
The NFL’s play-by-play has these throws listed as “deep” either way, so it felt appropriate for me to make that the minimum.
Q: What’s the criteria for a deep ball making it on the chart?
A: The deep pass attempt cannot 1) Be tipped at the line of scrimmage thereby preventing it from traveling the minimum of 16 yards in the air. 2) Be offset by penalty. This includes both incompletions and completions. For example: If a pass is incomplete, but defensive pass interference is called, that pass would not qualify. However, incompletions and completions where the penalty was declined do qualify. 3) Be intentionally thrown away. The pass isn’t aiming to be accurate, rather the QB is trying to throw the ball out of bounds and away from pressure, thereby erasing it as a deep attempt.
Q: Do you grade QBs based on their stats?
A: This has been a popular question, and the answer to that is no. I grade based on the eye test. The All-22 angle provides the most comfortable angle (unless we’re talking about Soldier Field. That’s another story.) for me to judge the accuracy of the throws.
My grading comes based on the accuracy of the throw, the quality of it (did the receiver have to make any adjustments?), and how open the receiver was. Contrary to a few comments, I do not downgrade if the throw was to an uncovered wide receiver, but rather grade tougher throws much higher. If the QB has to avoid a sack or escape pressure to make the throw, that will grade out a lot higher.
Q: Why do QBs like Ryan Tannehill and Teddy Bridgewater grade out the same or better than guys like Andy Dalton and Derek Carr despite having inferior stats?
A: As stated above, I do not grade based on stats. However, one stat that has a huge influence in how I grade QBs is Accuracy%.
Simply put, if the throw is in the catch radius of the WR or in the area, it’s accurate. If the WR has to extend his arms out, stop his route, or the ball was tipped by a defender and into the arms of a receiver, the pass will be graded as inaccurate. In certain instances, interceptions are accurate passes when the receiver tips the pass (if it’s in his catch radius) or fails at the catch point. It varies.
When watching Ryan Tannehill, I saw that he was consistently good at throwing downfield in 2015, and while his Accuracy% did not compare to other QBs, he did not have the awful throws many other QBs had, which is another key factor in my grading. I’m perfectly fine with incompletions and interceptions, but throws that miss wide open receivers, go straight into a defender’s arms, or are made without any sense or field awareness get downgraded. Regarding Teddy, he wasn’t spectacular, but he also avoided the dumb throws.
Derek Carr actually started out really well in the first half of the season before making more bad throws in the 2nd half of 2015. The same thing happened to Andy Dalton. That’s why these grades look so much more different than the numbers suggest. Each throw is weighted equally, so a touchdown or interception doesn’t mean your grade gets boosted really high.
Russell Wilson, for another example, wasn’t the most accurate QB, but I gave him an A+ because his completions were consistently fantastic, and he avoided making any glaring throws. That’s really where his grade comes from.
Q: Did you make this chart to be controversial?
A: No. Having spent the last 5 months doing deep ball research (starting on injured quarterbacks like Andy Dalton and Joe Flacco first), the last thing I would want to do is manufacture my opinions to get retweets. The retweets simply came because I posted the chart, and the reactions blew up.
I made this chart to provide people free access to an alternative version of stat keeping and film watching. Pro Football Focus, with all due respect to them, does not release most of their unique stats for free, as they are a growing business that’s been high in regard amongst many people.
No one had really made an entire section dedicated to deep passes, so I went out of my way to create a list on Deep Ball Quarterbacks from 2014. My grading methods were far different back then, as I did not use All-22 for my film watching, but Twitter exploded in a similar matter.
Someone like Skip Bayless, Colin Cowherd, or Clay Travis would not dedicate the extensive amount of time and painstaking research into a project such as this. Those guys are controversial because they manufacture their opinions in order to get a reaction out of people. I’m not apart of that “shock value” and don’t wish to be.
Granted, I do try to get reactions out of people, but this is because I want people to form their own reactions to my charting. I also do not wish for people to look at my work as the gospel, but rather as a tool for their own research and projects.
That’s the long answer to this question.
Q: Does your grading reflect on your overall opinions of the QB?
A: Absolutely not. Tom Brady, for example, graded out with a D+, but he’s one of the best quarterbacks in the league because of his success on intermediate throws. While someone like Blake Bortles graded out higher, his overall decision making is currently nowhere near that of Brady’s.
While a higher graded QB is more likely to be a better overall QB in my opinion, I prefer Ben Roethlisberger over guys like Carson Palmer and Russell Wilson when it comes to heading into next season.
If I have any more FAQs, I will post them here.
NFL Crunchtime Matchups: Washington Redskins at Philadelphia Eagles (Week 16 Edition)
The Top 15 Quarterbacks Of 2015 (Brick Wall Blitz Edition)
brickwallblitz
The 2018-19 Deep Ball Project (Part 3/3)
The beast that goes by the name of Akiem Hicks
Eddie Jackson has transformed into one of the best safeties in football
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Main Facts and Life Hacks
Facts and Life HacksLatest SA Entertainment News
Letoya Makhene biography: age, baby, first husband, parents, songs traditional healer, Instagram, and contact details
3 months ago 11903 views by Peter Kinuthia
Letoya Makhene is a beautiful South African actress. She is not only an actress but also a singer and television personality. What comes into people’s mind when the most talented South African actresses are mentioned is the one and only, Letoya. She is one kind of person who is highly professional and committed to her craft. In a group five actress, if asked, you will love to work with her due to her vast experience in acting.
Image: instagram.com, @letoyamakhene
People amongst her fans describe Latoya Makhene as a person who has a lot of wits and a sense of purpose. She believes in the quality of work, and that is why she always takes her time to come up with a likeable craft. This article will talk about Letoya Makhene’s biography, her family, career, traditional healer, and her contact details.
Letoya Makhene’s profile summary
Full name: Letoya Makhene
Date of birth: September 7, 1984
Place of birth: South Africa
Siblings: No information
Occupation: Actress, singer, and TV personality
Years active: 2000 to present
Do you know that Letoya Makhene always wanted to be a traditional healer but later shifted to be an actress? Aya! She had the ambition of becoming a healer who will save people’s lives but who knows God’s plans for everything? Nobody! She enrolled and trained for several months as a traditional healer; however, it dawned on her that she could not make it. She opted to work in Generations: The Legacy.
The beauteous Letoya Makhene was born on September 7, 1984, in Johannesburg’s Municipality, South Africa. She is the most famous actress for acting the South African’s famous soapie opera Isidigo and Generations. People have known her because of the notorious character she portrays in the Generations soapie. In that soap, she has acted as Kumkan Phakade’s gangster wife.
The South African queen, Letoya Makhene, is influential due to her fantastic talent as a singer and actress. She had made numerous appearances in the South African music industry since when she was seven years old. At a young age, she was singing alongside famous Brenda Fassie as her backup singer. Being a child, Brenda Fassie mentored her as one of her children. The mentorship helped Letoya to be the most rocking singer.
In Letoya Mekhene’s music career, she has not only worked with DJ Cleo in the song “The one,” but she has also worked with DJ Qness in the song “I Get Weak.” In 2016, she did release her solo song, and currently, she is preparing to launch a debut solo album.
READ ALSO: Hlaudi Motsoeneng biography: age, married, matric, WITS, political party, SABC, salary, and latest news
Who is Tshidi Phakade?
Lately, "who is Tshidi from Generations?" The question has been dominating the internet. Well, Tshidi Phakade is an alternative name of the famous South African actress Letoya Makhene. Tshidi is featured and is among the main characters in the hit soapie Generations: The Legacy. Tshidi has been acting in the soap since its reboot in 2014. However, she will not be featured in the next Tshidi generation because she has downed her acting tools due to micromanagement issues. She handed her resignation letter two months ago and said that she has left out of her own will to pursue her career in music. She further indicated that she might come back to take her Tshidi Generations role in the future.
Tshidi from Generations
After being part of the soap Generations: The Legacy for four years since 2014, Tshidi Pakhade has decided to leave the popular soapie. She told Drum magazine that that decision was spiritual; however, she had difficult times trying to convince her colleagues over the same.
Who is Kumkani Phakade?
Vuyo Dabula, commonly known as Kumkan Phakade, is the most famous South African actor in the soap, Generations. In the soapie, he has portrayed as a husband to Tshidi. Other the Generations soapie, Phakade has also appeared in the soapie Avengers: Age of Ultron and has been playing as the main actor in the soap Five Fingers for Marseilles.
Letoya Makhene age
The beautiful TV girl Letoya Makhene was born on September 7, 1984. She is currently 35 years old who resides in Johannesburg.
Letoya kids
Letoya is a mother again after recently giving birth to a baby girl, the first baby with her boyfriend, Tshepo Leeuw. Although Makhene and her husband have been having a secret relationship, she took to social media to confirm that they had welcomed their baby with lots of joy. In total, she has four children- three boys and a girl.
Makhene first husband
The first husband of Letoya Makhene is known as a Zimbabwean Privilege Mangesi. She had three children from him; Nubia, Tadiwa, and Tamuda before things went bad. She divorced Mangesi after nine years of their joyful marriage.
Who is Letoya Makhene husband?
Image: instagram.com, @tshepo_le
Currently, Tshepo Leeuw is the husband of the Letoya. They just had their beautiful baby girl recently. They have been together as wife and husband for one year now.
Letoya Makhene pregnant
The Generations actress confirmed to Drum magazine that she and her ‘husband’ are expecting their baby in a couple of months. The actress revealed that the baby she is carrying was a blessing and a surprise to them. She then went on to share her happiness, and the picture of a baby bump on social media through her Instagram handle.
Letoya Makhene parents
The parents of the gorgeous actress are Blonde Makhene (father) and Agnes Makhene (mother). Makhene’s father is a music legend who has vast experience in the music industry. Letoya shares some traits with her father since both of them are musicians. She recorded a song with her father, although it did not make sales because she failed to make it well known to the public. The actress has three siblings.
Makhene songs
Makhene did not concentrate on music as she did on acting. Out of the few hours she went into the studio, she was able to record two songs. The songs are “The One” and “I Get Weak” which she collaborated with DJs to produce. She has also released solo songs, and she prepares to launch her solo album as a starting point of her future music ambitions.
Makhene traditional healer
Makhene had aspirations of becoming a traditional healer when she grew up. Out of her determination, she enrolled to study how to heal but later pulled out of school and started acting. Maybe she was made to influence people through singing and acting as a way of treating the hearts of the masses.
Letoya Makhene Instagram
Her handle is (@letoyamakhene). You will love to see many cute photos of her and those of her amazing husband and beautiful little angel. Her Instagram has a collection of pictures of her both as an actress and as a mom.
Makhene contact details
Makhene has no contact details so far, but you can follow her on Instagram and Twitter. Her Twitter handle is (@letoyamakhene). You will love to see lots of her posts there.
In conclusion, Letoya Makhene is a gifted actress, singer, and television personality. The beauty has contributed a lot to the music and film industry. Her role as Tshidi Phakade in the soap Generations: The Legacy has made her famous not only in Africa but also globally. However, she recently left the Generations to venture into music as well as take care of her little angel.
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Black Coffee shares shout-out from Paris Hilton: "He's the best"
3 months ago 511 views by Desere Davis
- Paris Hilton is a fan of South Africa's DJ Black Coffee and isn't shy about it
- The American socialite says he's the best and she loves him
- The DJ proudly shared a clip of Paris gushing over him on social media
American socialite, Paris Hilton, recently praised our hottest DJ, Black Coffee. She's one of many Hollywood stars who are crazy about the talented muso.
Black Coffee shared a short video of Paris saying she loves him and thinks he's the best and we don't blame him. If we had someone like her praising us we'd be showing the whole world too.
READ ALSO: 8 South African celebs who shared proud shout-outs on Heritage Day
This isn't the first time that Paris gushed over Black Coffee - in 2016, TimesLIVE reported that she was the latest US star to have fallen in love with the DJ.
We're not surprised that Black Coffee is so popular. Earlier this year, Briefly.co.za reported that he made such a big impression in Ibiza that the What's On Nightlife Awards awarded him the Best International Set.
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[Spoiler] "Secrets" Lee Da-hee confesses the truth
Lee Da-hee confessed the truth.
On the sixteenth episode of the KBS 2TV drama "Secrets", Sin Se-yeon (Lee Da-hee) decided to resolve everything and leave.
Ahn Do-hoon (Bae Soo-bin) said, "I will be charged next week. It was me who killed Seo Ji-hee (Yang Jin-sung) and not Kang Yoo-jeong (Hwang Jung-eum)". Sin Se-yeon replied, "That's why I wanted to meet you more. It was me who killed Seo Ji-hee".
Sin Se-yeon had met Seo Ji-hee and had insulted her by giving her an envelope of money and even telling her to get rid of the child she bore. Ahn Do-hoon wondered, "Why did things turn out like this. I was mad at the misfortune that came to me. Therefore I lost Yoo-jeong and my family. I am the one who killed Seo Ji-hee. Thank for everything".
He realized that Kang Yoo-jeong's sacrifice for him was true love and decided to sacrifice himself for Sin Se-yeon who also realized Ahn Do-hoon's love for her later.
Source : www.newsen.com/news_v...
"[Spoiler] "Secrets" Lee Da-hee confesses the truth"
(비밀 - 2013)
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Julia Louis-Dreyfus Looks Back on Her ‘Miserable’ Time at ‘SNL’ in the 1980s: ‘I Was Unbelievably Naive’
Lindsey Ellefson
The Wrap December 8, 2019
In a candid and frequently hilarious chat with Stephen Colbert on Saturday, Julia Louis-Dreyfus reflected on her “miserable” time as a “Saturday Night Live” cast member, and how the experience taught her to make sure she always enjoyed every future job.
Speaking to Colbert as part of a benefit for Montclair Film at Newark’s New Jersey Performing Arts Center, Louis-Dreyfus explained how unprepared she was when she joined the show in the mid 1980s at the age of 21, not even finishing her studies at Northwestern University before heading off to New York.
“I was unbelievably naive and I didn’t really understand how the dynamics of the place worked,” she told Colbert. “It was very sexist — very sexist. People were doing crazy drugs at the time. I was oblivious. I just thought, ‘Oh, wow! He’s got a lot of energy!'”
Also Read: 'SNL': Will Ferrell's Gordon Sondland Shows Up to Ruin Things for Alec Baldwin's Trump (Video)
She and Colbert then joked for a second that they couldn’t understand how anyone could ever perform inebriated, just before taking big sips from their cocktails.
Louis-Dreyfus, who went on to decades-long TV success with shows like “Seinfeld,” “The New Adventures of Old Christine” and “Veep,” explained that her time on “SNL” led her to develop a system that helped her choose her future projects.
“It was a pretty brutal time, but it was a very informative time for me,” she told Colbert. She said she realized then she wouldn’t do “anymore of this crap” unless “it was fun.”
Also Read: 'SNL' Spoofs Democratic Debate With All-Star Lineup of Will Ferrell, Maya Rudolph, Woody Harrelson and More (Video)
“It is important and so basic, but I just felt like, ‘I don’t have to; I don’t have to do this, I don’t have to walk and crawl through this kind of nasty glass if it’s not ultimately going to be fulfilling,” she said. “And so that’s how I sort of moved forward from that moment and I sort of applied that kind of ‘fun meter’ to every job I’ve had since and it definitely has been very helpful.”
There was another benefit to the actress’ time on “SNL”: She met and bonded with Larry David, who would eventually put her in “Seinfeld.”
“Larry David and I had been on ‘SNL’ together my last year there because he was a writer, and we bonded because he was as miserable as I was,” she revealed, earning a laugh from the crowd.
Representatives for NBC did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
Read original story Julia Louis-Dreyfus Looks Back on Her ‘Miserable’ Time at ‘SNL’ in the 1980s: ‘I Was Unbelievably Naive’ At TheWrap
#newark
#stephen-colbert
#saturday-night-live
#julia-louis-dreyfus
#snl
#new-york\
#larry-david
#nbc
#the-wrap
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Client Hub
BTA Graduates
Comp Prep
5 month transformation
“I developed a really bad relationship with food when I was 17 which lead to an eating disorder which controlled my life for 9 months. I was slightly chubby as a kid but looking back now, we all went through those stages. I was depressed and I didn’t think I would ever get out of this mess in my head.
Thankfully my mum was doing the Fit For Life program and she was getting amazing results while eating loads of food. This inspired me to sort myself out and start to think about what’s important as I’m still very young and I have so much ahead of me. Im excited to now be stepping on to the Pure Elite stage this year and compete for the very first time!
I want to say a massive thank you to BTA and Ross for completely changing my mindset as this is the happiest I’ve ever been in myself and my body. It has been truly life changing.”
MOST INSPIRATIONAL CLIENT OF THE YEAR
Jake has been a true inspiration. His focus and determination has seen him change from a quiet introverted teenager to a confident, fit and strong young man. His physical transformation is a bi-product or changing his relationship with food, and most importantly, himself. Jake’s true power will come from his ability to inspire other people with eating disorders to follow his example! Give him a few more years and he’ll by unstoppable watch this space!
© Body Transformation Academy
Design by Clockwork Moggy
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Matthew Ashlock
The Warriors had impressive performance Saturday night, earning them a W against the Orlando Magic. They defeated them 109-95. D'Angelo Russell scored 26 points and had a season-high 12 assists. He even hit some clutch shots late in the fourth: D’Lo with the dagger -- (-- @gswchris ) pic.twitter...
Whitley Sandretto
The Golden State Warriors fell to the Denver Nuggets 134-131. This is their tenth-straight loss. The last time they lost 10 in a row was in 2002. The Warriors had the lead until the fourth quarter when they gave up 40 points. A positive thing to take away from the last couple of games: Jordan Poole...
Once again, the rumor mill is circling around Warriors star D'Angelo Russell. According to Shams Charania , the Minnesota Timberwolves are "intensifying" their pursuit of Russell. Say what now? -- pic.twitter.com/yADFJ1LF4I — 95.7 The Game (@957thegame) January 16, 2020 It was reported in early...
Jordan Cohn
The 2019 Baseball Hall of Fame vote marked a few significant moments in baseball history. Roy Halladay’s untimely death made his induction all the more emotional, as his wife Brandy gave a moving speech in his honor. Edgar Martinez’s induction marked the first time that a prominent DH received the...
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A day after George Kittle missed practice with an ankle injury, head coach Kyle Shanahan said he is not worried about the tight end's availability for Sunday's NFC Championship showdown with the Packers. Kyle Shanahan isn’t concerned about George Kittle’s ability to play on Sunday. #49ers pic...
Thearon W. Henderson/Getty Images
By Arden Cravalho The Warriors have officially signed Damion Lee, the one-time two-way player, to a multiyear contract. Per Shams Charania of The Athletic, the deal is a three-year pact with a partial guarantee for 2020-21. Lee has seen his minutes and statistics significantly increase since his...
Alika Jenner/Getty Images
Kyle Shanahan, head coach of the NFC Championship game-bound 49ers, can draw a parallel between his club, and that erstwhile dynasty out in San Francisco. During his Wednesday press conference, Shanahan detailed the connect between the pair of clubs: “I’ve always been a fan of them.” Shanahan sees...
Ray Ratto
This is the 15th day of January, and already 10 professional coaches and general managers have been fired. Not "let go." Not "parting ways." Not "moving on" or "pursuing other opportunities" or "spending more time with the family." Fired. It is that time, after all, but the four most recent firings...
Ryan Hannable
Now that the Red Sox and Alex Cora have mutually parted ways, the next question is who replaces him? Spring training begins in roughly a month, so there isn't exactly a ton of time. Do the Red Sox stick to someone in-house, or do they look outside the organization, perhaps someone connected to new...
The injury bug has struck the Warriors yet again this season. Jacob Evans III has been taken to the hospital after receiving this a nasty elbow in the paint: Here’s a look at Jacob Evans injury. #Warriors pic.twitter.com/WX2eEtGEu7 — John Dickinson (@JDJohnDickinson) January 15, 2020 The Warriors...
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Google Assistant on Android TV learns four new languages, can now speak 8 in total
Damien Wilde
- Mar. 7th 2019 5:42 am PT
@iamdamienwilde
Apps & Updates
Android TV is arguably one of the best streaming platforms, but in all honesty, doesn’t have quite enough hardware out there. And the inbuilt Google Assistant features are great, but until recently were only available to those who queried their device in English.
Google has added support for four more Android TV languages to the inbuilt Assistant (via Android Police). Anyone capable of conversing in German, Italian, Portuguese (Brazilian) and Spanish can now get all of the good stuff that comes with the Google Assistant on their Android TV set-top box.
These new languages come to the already existing support for English, French, Japanese and Korean. The total number of supported languages for Android TV is now a pretty sizeable eight.
It’s also an indication that we might eventually get parity between mobile and Google Home devices at some point in the not-too-distant future. Of course, the Google Support pages for Android TV do state that “more languages are coming soon” and we’re sure that they will in due course.
You will have to wait until your Android TV set-top box manufacturer pushes this update for full support. For those with the superb Nvidia Shield TV, I can confirm that what little German I can speak was not recognized by the Assistant. It may be worth checking back regularly to see if a firmware update appears or becomes available to download.
Android TV Supported languages
Portuguese (Brazilian)
More on Android TV:
Android TV bug may have allowed access to other users’ private Google Photos, functionality now disabled
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The Series A Round is the New Series B Round
The venture industry is awash with talk of the “Series A Crunch”, where it’s getting progressively more challenging for seed companies to land follow-on financing. In my short two-year tenure as a full-time investor, I’ve seen this crunch hit very hard at a number of quality early-stage consumer companies.
Why is this happening? A number of factors are coming together to create this crunch:
A significant supply/demand imbalance has emerged between seed and Series A financings coming out of the economic near-meltdown of 2008-2009. In 2009, there were about the same number of seed and Series A financings, but the number of seed deals have exploded since then while the number of A-rounds grew only modestly. In 2012, there were 2.5x as many seed financings as A-round financings, whereas historically these were more in balance. This suggests something like 60% of seeds could be stranded.
Investor expectations have expanded substantially. It’s become steadily less expensive to launch many consumer-oriented Net businesses over the years due to things like Moore’s law, improving programming tools, the cloud and the ability to access users from multiple large platforms. Now we often see the kind of traction that we used to expect from Series B companies in Series A companies, and from Series A companies in seed companies. For example, a number of our recent Series A investments built multi-million dollar revenue run rates on their seed round. We’re getting spoiled. Combine this with the above supply/demand imbalance and you’ve got a situation where the bar is being raised exactly when the competition for the A-round is becoming particularly fierce.
The source of seed capital has been changing. In recent years, the amount of seed investment from non-traditional institutional sources has increased dramatically. More and more seed capital is coming from sources like angels, “super angels”, micro-VCs and incubators. To under-score this point, we have close to a thousand separate angels as co-investors in the consumer companies in our less-than-four-year old portfolio. This influx of new capital has arguably had an inflationary impact on seed valuations, which obviously has an initial attraction to many entrepreneurs but can create challenges in a “crunch” scenario. These non-institutional sources of capital are not inclined or structured to potentially help a company secure additional capital in a crunch. And the higher valuations provide a higher hurdle that must be overcome by potential new investors in a crunched company.
The number of potential Series A investors appears to be contracting. The venture business is showing early signs of a significant consolidation. The amount of capital invested has trailed the amount raised for a number of years, and the capital that is being raised is increasingly consolidating among fewer, larger firms. The number of investors who can write that Series A check is starting to fall.
The impact of these factors is playing out before our eyes. We’re seeing more and more potentially promising companies who have spent much of their seed round to generate solid early traction, but not the kind of traction that sets them up well for a Series A financing these days given the higher bar. These companies face a brutal situation. They are running low on money. Prospective new investors want more proof, particularly given the higher seed valuations. And many of the existing investors, particularly on the angel side, become “tapped out” or “want to stay diversified” when approached for bridge financing. These companies’ futures are rapidly called into question. It’s been very painful to watch.
So here are a few suggestions for entrepreneurs who are trying to start consumer-oriented Internet businesses:
Raise more money in the seed round to give yourself runway to make the progress you’ll need for a Series A, along with some contingency if things don’t go perfectly along the way. The size of seed rounds has increased substantially in our firm’s short history, from under $1 million a few years back to almost $2 million this year. But I’d argue that even these larger new rounds are often too small given the rising Series A bar. Increasingly, a $1 million to $2 million raise requires absolute perfection on the part of the entrepreneur. You should consider suffering a bit more dilution early on to secure the resources to deliver the metrics that will attract the more demanding Series A investors. Things like up-and-to-the-right user and revenue results, deep engagement, compelling cohort economics, and a proven ability to acquire users with a positive ROI on their marketing spend.
Structure your round differently. I’d suggest getting more institutional participation in your seed round, as institutions are more likely to support a high potential but not-yet-ready-for-Series-A company in the event it encounters the crunch. That in no way suggests that follow-on financing from institutions is a certainty or even more likely than not, but my observations suggest the odds are higher. Similarly, consider structuring your seed deal in a way that doesn’t scare off potential new investors in the event that you’re facing a potential crunch. Obviously these recommendations can be interpreted as self-serving given my role as an institutional investor, but my motivation for writing this is in the hopes of helping even one entrepreneur avoid the pain and suffering I’ve been witnessing by those who have been caught in the crunch.
Raise from multiple institutional investors. This can help accomplish a few things. First, it brings more deep pockets to the table that can fund a Series A or a bridge if needed. Second, it can fire up the competitive juices of the participating VCs, who don’t want to risk losing out to a rival on the A round at a hot seed company in which they’re both invested. Lastly, having multiple VCs can diminish any potential negative signaling issues down the road if an institutional investor in your seed round does not do the A.
Cultivate these institutional investors as you launch the company, updating them periodically on your progress and learning. Some entrepreneurs do this extremely well, managing to stay top-of-mind with investors and building a relationship, a track record and credibility. These can come in very handy with investors if you find yourself potentially entering crunch territory.
Resist the temptation to raise too early. We often encounter companies who come to us saying that they had inbound interest from another/other firm(s) and elected to use this as a signal to start broader fundraising conversations. But there’s interest and then there’s interest. One of the jobs of a VC is to network broadly with potentially interesting companies, and their “interest” more often than not does not result in funding. And if you swing and miss at an early round, it can be much harder to create positive momentum behind an A round once you go out again. You need to be disciplined. Wait until you have multiple months of metrics moving in the right direction before you start fundraising. Resist the temptation to talk to every prospective investor who calls when you’re not fundraising. Ironically, nothing piques the interest of an investor more than an entrepreneur who remains relatively inaccessible.
There are signs that the startup ecosystem is already correcting to mitigate the crunch going forward. The number of new seed financings is down meaningfully so far in 2013, which would help to correct the supply-demand imbalance. And capital is starting to be attracted to the gap between seed and traditional A rounds, which some term “mango seeds”. But higher investor expectations earlier in a startup’s life are here to stay, and the smart entrepreneur will take steps to mitigate follow-on financing risk. On each and every financing, they should ask themselves one key question: What do I need to prove in this round to get the next round?
Note: I’d like to thank my partner Chaz Flexman for his many insights on this post!
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« “Where are you really from?”
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The map of white people
Fri Apr 11th 2014 by abagond
The map of white people was not on the Internet, so I made one. Conversely, it is a map of people of colour.
The map (click on it to enlarge) uses four colours:
dark blue: 75% to 100% white
medium blue: 50% to 75% white
light blue: 25% to 50% white
grey: 0% to 25% white
majority POC: grey and light blue
majority white: medium and dark blue
multiracial: light and medium blue
But who is white? For this map two kinds of people are:
Those who self-identify as white, like in a census.
Those who belong to an ethnic group that is historically Christian or Jewish, with roots in West Eurasia.
That means white Hispanics, Armenians and Lebanese Christians are in, most Africans and Muslims, even Albanians, are out.
In the case of self-identification, note that someone who is considered white in one country might not be considered white in another.
I tried different definitions. This one is clean, easy to use and a good, general approximation.
Notes on each region:
North America: While the rest of the map is based on data from 2006 to 2011, Mexico is based on the last census that asked about race: in 1921! For the US, Hispanics who identify as white are counted as white. Doing otherwise led to paradoxes outside the US. Notice that Canada is not as lily-white as many imagine.
South America: Argentina, the pope’s home country, is extremely white. Its most “diverse” province, Chubut, is close to 90% white.
Most whites in South America, like in North America, live outside the tropics, which run from Havana to Rio. Worldwide most whites live in the temperate zone, 23.5 to 66.5 degrees from the equator:
Europe, North Africa and West Asia: Albania and Kosovo are mostly Muslim so they do not count as white, even though they are in Europe. I did not use “Europe” or “European” in my definition of white because then I would have to define Europe too! Not a battle I wanted or needed to fight.
Siberia: The people in the dark blue region are mainly ethnic Russians. Russia and Kazakhstan keep very good records on ethnicity.
The rest of Africa: The surprise here is South Africa. I thought at least the Cape would be light blue. Whites are less than 25% in every single province. The way they complained you would think they were like a third of the country. It is galling to see this.
The rest of Asia: The dark blue at the top is the tail end of Russia.
Oceania: The North Island of New Zealand is more multiracial than Australia, mostly because of the Maori.
Because Australia, Siberia, Canada and Argentina are large but thinly settled, the map makes it seem like there are more white people than there are.
To correct that, let’s scale each region according to its total population and put the map back together:
Notice that whites are not the main part of the world, but only a sixth of it.
Sources: Mainly the English and Russian Wikipedias (2014), the census of Argentina (2010) and New Zealand (2006) and the graphic that inspired this post (2011).
The map of Black people
Black Canada: a brief history
Peters projection
demographically weighted history
Geographical terms:
guns, germs and steel
on Sun Apr 13th 2014 at 03:24:22 Atillah_kasimeyoglu
This is awesome. I really appreciated the time it took to make this.
I see one glaring problem:
You wrote that you couldn’t count Albanians as white because they were Muslim. This doesn’t make any sense.
There are plenty of white Muslims!
Albanians are of Illyrian background, pre-Indo-European. Bosnians, Chechens, and even some Turks are pretty white looking people. Just curious why you’d erroneously link religion to race.
Otherwise, enjoyable piece.
on Sun Apr 13th 2014 at 03:53:59 qweerdo
Thank you so much for taking the time to do this. So dang informative, especially the part where you put everything to scale at the end.
on Sun Apr 13th 2014 at 04:09:59 jefe
Notice that Canada is not as lily-white as many imagine.
Who on earth imagines that? I suppose the same people who thought “American” meant “white”?
Also, I noticed that quite a few people in Argentina were likely mestizo, but identified as “white”. In any case, Buenos Aires looked a lot more white and European to me than any large city I have ever been to in North America.
on Sun Apr 13th 2014 at 05:17:42 Brothawolf
As a side note, I suspect the reason why most people thought Canada was “lily-white” is due to media images. Most of time. white Canadians are in front of the camera, not much of anyone else.
Costa Rica is an interesting exception – the only country in the tropical zone that is majority white. But of course, so is Northern Australia.
on Sun Apr 13th 2014 at 09:04:08 Teodor Constantin B
Very weird definition of white. How can you link race to religion? Have you seen albanians? They are white as shit, just like bosniak and lots of Chechen, blond hair with often blue eyes.
Here’s a picture of’em. they are very white. they are whiter than Greeks and Romanians who have a majority of dark hair, darker skin than these guys and I’ve seen algerians who could be taken for white or european. If I go to France or England, there is a big possibility of being called gypsy thieves (as it happened), but these people, especially Bosnian and Albanians are taken for white. Also I have met really dark skin Lebanese christian. This white thing I think it refers to Westerners, that is Anglo Saxon, Scandinavian, Finnish, french, Spanish (Catalan) because easterners and westerners look really different at least for me. and of course the ashkenazi in Israel, the very light skin, blue eyes type are not really jewish by blood.
on Sun Apr 13th 2014 at 09:23:40 Matari
A question.
Would there even be a map of “white” people, or diverse racial classifications if Africans were not forcibly removed from their native lands, tied up in chains and made to produce free labor elsewhere in many parts of the western world??
Another question.
If Africans are no longer being made to work for free by “whites,” why on Earth are they (especially in the USA) still categorizing themselves as “white?”
Last question.
What real purpose does being “white” serve in today’s current world?
on Sun Apr 13th 2014 at 09:51:19 Kartoffel
That Map also highlights that white settler colonies only “worked” outside of the “old world” (except for Israel). The attemps to populate South Africa, Namibia and Algeria with white people failed.
on Sun Apr 13th 2014 at 11:52:39 lifelearner
This map is great! Definitely points out their narcissism. South Africa has little representation and yet they own most everything regarding political/economic power-SMH
on Sun Apr 13th 2014 at 12:26:10 Bulanik
@ Teodor Constantin B
Very weird definition of white. How can you link race to religion? Have you seen albanians? They are white as sh-t, just like bosniak and lots of Chechen, blond hair with often blue eyes.
Here’s a picture of’em. they are very white. they are whiter than Greeks and Romanians who have a majority of dark hair, darker skin than these guys and I’ve seen algerians who could be taken for white or european.
There ARE some Albanians who look like the children in your link, some Balkan people are pale and blond, but with that one, random photo, you seem to be suggesting that that appearance is “representative”of what Albanians really look like.
But it’s not really the whole picture is it? Some, or many, are very blond, true, but some are unmistakably “dark”. I am amazed you didn’t notice that, too, only their whiteness.
I wonder whether YOUR definition could be weirder than Abagond’s!
Over many, many generations, didn’t some Albanians intermarry with darker Balkan neighsbours, like Serbs, and Greeks? Or is that a fallacy?
What about the Turks in Albania?
Also, I heard that the (Ottoman) Turks had African men in their military, and African women as concubines in their homes, and this could explain why some (*cough*) supposedly “white” people in South East Europe don’t look all that white.
Take a fairly well-known person like Rita Ora, a child of Albanian parents, who is often mistaken for black or at least mixed race: http://shrani.si/f/3q/fc/RppDesI/46469.jpg
Come to think of it, I can think of a few more fairly well-known Albanians who would certainly be considered “dark”, rather than blond.
And, then you mention Chechens, who are also mostly “white as s**t … blond hair with often blue eyes…”
Well. I don’t think all ethnic Russians would agree with you at all, because some have, or had, a tendency to refer to people from the Caucasus region (and southern Russia) as “black”! That’s due to the common “dark” appearance of those people … Is thatperception also “weird”?
Perhaps they Russians perceive them as ASIAN, rather than anything else..?
Of course there are pale skin and light eye and hair colours among these different groups of people, but I have to wonder about your generalisation, because it absolutely depends on who is doing the looking.
@ Abagond: excellent maps!
interesting point: to wit, perhaps the image of ‘white christ’ provides a rallying point like that for ‘white identity’
on Sun Apr 13th 2014 at 15:04:00 Da Jokah
Thanks abagond. I don’t know what whites would do if they didn’t have racist negros to tell them who is and isn’t white. Though I don’t think I can take any map seriously that omits people solely on the basis of religion. By that logic someone could change their race simply by changing their religion.
@dj you can change anything
…like social constructs, and such.
Religion is definitely a social construct, race not so much. But I’m not naive enough to think I could change your beliefs on that any more than I could change someone’s belief on creationism. When you claim race is a social construct you’re actually putting yourself in the creationist camp by denying evolution. Congratulations. You’re a religious nut even if you don’t recognize your belief as religious.
on Sun Apr 13th 2014 at 16:19:02 Chris
Can you explain how Israel is a “white” country? It seems that this is a common misconception. The Ashkenazi Jews who founded the country are still Jews. They’re still descended from an ancient indigenous population that was exiled from Israel. They have some European admixture genetically, but so do African-Americans. They were never counted as truly white in the European imagination, yet when they return to the land where they have ancient roots, people flip the script on them and claim that they were white Europeans all along. Seems to me that the main reason that people single out Israel is the role of Ashkenazi Jews in founding the country. Had they been brown-skinned Sephardic or Mizrahi Jews, the country would be seen as an organic entity with a right to exist.
Otherwise, the map is pretty interesting, and I really dug the note about Australia being sparsely populated but geographically huge, making it seem much more “white” then it is in terms of raw numbers.
I’m also curious about your reasoning on Lebanon. Is it because a good chunk of Lebanese are Christians?
When you claim race is a social construct you’re actually putting yourself in the creationist camp by denying evolution.
Haha! That is about as ridiculous a statement as can be offered. Classic Jokah!
^ Yes, classic derailment. Soon he will be discussing chimps and orangutans (after all, their original habitats are in different continents).
Not at all. If someone is going to deny the evolutionary basis of subspecies by calling it a “social construct” then it’s not much of a leap to deny the evolutionary basis of species by calling it a social construct as well. The difference between the two is merely a matter of degree.
on Sun Apr 13th 2014 at 17:08:30 biff
This is interesting and thought provoking. White populations seem to be in decline in all of these places. Aside from Russia and maybe part of Eastern Europe, the primarily white areas seem to have heavy migration of non-whites.
Re: Argentina, white in BA. Not so much in the countryside, even though they might identify as white, they are not treated quite the same.
Yes Jokah, except that the preponderance of opinions do both biologists and geneticists agree that the phenotypic differences that we see within human beings are not actually different “sub species” but that there is only one categorically defined “species” of human.
Only stupid people (like part-time HBD bloggers) think that humans are divided into subspecies by evolution. NO major university on earth teaches this.
on Sun Apr 13th 2014 at 18:25:36 eco
“The surprise here is South Africa. I thought at least the Cape would be light blue. Whites are less than 25% in every single province. The way they complained you would think they were like a third of the country. It is galling to see this.”
Congratulations! You now understand how Europeans feel about Africans and Asians in Europe.
the phenotypic differences that we see within human beings are not actually different “sub species” but that there is only one categorically defined “species” of human
Yes, the differences between human populations are clinal, not at the level of subspecies which would require actual DNA differences among all of the individuals between the two populations and no interbreeding between the populations, even though it might be possible. No such phenomenon exists in modern human populations.
ie, there is an evolutionary basis for subspecies, but this does not apply to humans. Any attempt to use subspecies arguments for humans is already specious, not to mention inducing that from differences between species.
would like to see the links to the sources that this spurious line of reasoning is being lifted from.
on Sun Apr 13th 2014 at 18:59:13 Legion
The surprise here is South Africa. I thought at least the Cape would be light blue. Whites are less than 25% in every single province. The way they complained you would think they were like a third of the country.
No, one would not necessarily think that white numbers were large. One would think whites consider themselves large in some sense. It’s common for conqueror peoples to control a much larger conquered populace. You have to smash the people you’re invading initially in whatever way you think will be most effective but after you’ve smashed them you don’t necessarily need large numbers of conquerors to keep watch over the conquered. (British in India as an example, but I think this has been common through history.)
What I’m getting at is whites controlled the economic capital during Apartheid, in that sense they were large and important, putting aside the evil of the regime for a moment. Whites are economically entrenched in S.A., they are still control a lot of capital, it would be on that basis that they would complain as though they are ‘large’ by some metric, and they are.
@ eco
I don’t know what you mean. Can you explain it.
*No, one would not necessarily think that they are a third of the country.
was what my first sentence should have been.
White is not strictly biological or genetic. There is a cultural component to it. It is not the same thing as “Caucasian”, which goes all the way to the Ganges. For example:
1. When I put Yasmeen Ghauri, 100% Caucasian, on my list of beautiful white women, commenters told me she was not “white” because her father is from Pakistan. Many adjustments later, I found I could just slip in Lebanese or Armenian women on my list, but nothing more. Kim Kardashian (Armenian American) is herself a grey case.
2. The Arab Trader argument. It implies that Arabs are not white. Arabs are the “they” of “They did it too!”, to prove that WHITES are not uniquely evil. No one has ever advanced a Portuguese or Dutch trader argument.
3. No one in the US sees, say, Ralph Nader, Christa McAuliffe or Steve Jobs as anything but white – all of Arab descent. No perpetual foreigner stereotype for them. Americanized Arabs seem to count as white, at least if they are not Muslim.
4. For years and years I have been reading in The Economist about whether Turkey is European. Cyprus is part of the EU, yet all kinds of excuses were made not to let in Turkey, a sturdy NATO ally that is in much better economic shape than, say, Greece. Or Cyprus. It seems to boil down to their being Muslim.
5. The Western prejudice against Muslims, even among scholars, is well-documented. The whole thing about Obama being a Secret Muslim takes such prejudice for granted. Muslim American civil rights are arguably in a worse state than even Black civil rights. They are racially profiled along with Black, Latino and Native Americans.
So, yeah, Muslims in the main are not “white”. They did not take part in the European Expansion. They have been the VICTIMS of Western imperialism. QUITE UNLIKE Israel.
Israeli Jews are as white as sin. It is one of the CRUEL IRONIES of the past hundred years. At Auschwitz they were NOT white. As rulers of one of the most openly racist regimes on earth, complete with US backing, they are white. They put South African whites to shame and that is damn white. The only way Americans can stomach Israel’s crimes is because they share their racism.
Huh? In what European country are only Africans or Asians allowed to vote and own most of the country’s wealth?
The whole point of “white” is to excuse Western crimes – like slavery, genocide (even now, though those things are largely in the past) and theft (of native land, ongoing inequality and imperialism). In the US it is used to blind voters to their class interests.
So your definition of white is dependent on whether or not you see the people as racists and oppressors? US backing? If you dumped a bunch of Israeli Jews in NYC, people would approach them trying to speak to them in Spanish and NOT because they were taken for Spaniards. The cruel irony is that Zionism was created as a bulwark against European racism and is now considered to be of a piece with it.
@ Chris
You shall know them by their fruits.
Your completly right that religion plays a huge part in the cunstruction of whiteness an europeanness. But I would differentiate between religion in general and the religion of an individual or a relativly small minority. Predominantly muslim societies are precieved as non-white, but a muslim of turkish decent in France might not. Because Albanians and Bosniaks are seen as part of the Balkan people (who in general today are regarded as European), they are also seen as European. With Arabs it’s the other way around.
It just seems that for Abagond, “white” is just a catch all for things he doesn’t like. So people of color can become “white” at the flick of a switch if there are considered to be oppressors. Its like what happened to George Zimmerman’s racial identity, only extrapolated across the entire globe.
@ Kartoffel
Predominantly muslim societies are precieved as non-white, but a muslim of turkish decent in France might not..
An example, please. And, could you explain why this is so, if it really is so.
I appreciate the point of this post, but I’m still wondering about what you said about Siberia — if you are saying the population doesn’t count (?), then neither should Alaska’s. Siberian cities have bigger populations than Alaskan ones and more than most Canadian ones.
Sam made that point, and I think that’s still true.
I should have said “non-european”, not “non-white”. An example for what, the perception of societies or individuals?
On the question why that is. I think it’s down to how we perceive “otherness” and construct our identity. Religion is certainly a very important marker to determine otherness, but it can be “overruled”. So Albania is perceived as “non-european” because of Islam, but as “european” because the whole region is now regarded as mainland Europe.
Even if that were true, reality isn’t determined by a show of hands or by an appeal to authority. But it isn’t true because no such consensus exists. In fact, surveys show that a majority of physical anthropologists acknowledge biological races.
Who should I believe — you or my lying eyes?
on Sun Apr 13th 2014 at 21:35:42 Sharina
I think it is a matter to be looked upon for all society and not just Abagond. All too often a person who looks to be a poc is argued to be white by certain white men only if said person is a law biding citizen. Once a crime is committed is when they are deemed the other. Great example is during the Zimmerman debacle a white man proudly stated …”of course Zimmerman is not white because he got caught. ” I am sure others will see this statement as they please, but it implies to me that had he not then he would be accepted as the honorary white.
Societies and/or individuals.
I’d just like to understand what you mean from your earliest comment.
Societies: In the contemporary concept of Europe the borders of Europe are pretty much the ones between Islam and Christianity/former Christianity, with some muslim and orthodox-christian societies with undecided status.
Individual: A native German who converts to Islam is still regarded as german and european. For example we have the converted muslim radical Pierre Vogel who nationalists have called a lunatic, a traitor or terrorst. But I’ve never heard that he was called non-european or non-white.
That’s what I meant in short: A muslim society/people=not european. A muslim person=might be european.
on Sun Apr 13th 2014 at 22:19:48 The map of white people | Community Village Dai...
[…] The map of white people was not on the Internet, so I made one. Conversely, it is a map of people of colour.The map (click on it to enlarge) uses four colours:dark blue: 75% to 100% whitemedium blue: 50% to 75% whitelight blue: 25% to 50% whitegrey: 0% to 25% whiteSo:majority POC: grey and light bluemajority white: medium and dark bluemultiracial: light and medium blue […]
@kartoffel from what i’ve seen, personally? a man declaring as muslim would be that first. american christian? not so much
Your definition of white is very bizarre.
The “dark” ethnic Albanians are no darker than southern Italians, who are classified as white and colonized a bit of Africa. They’re still very western looking and have been in Europe for a very long time.
Again- I find it a bit amazing that people somehow link religion with a race. This is one of the dumbest, most ignorant ideas I’ve ever heard of. There are many white Muslims. Chechens, Bulgarian Pomaks, Bosnians, Albanians. I enjoyed this map until that fact ruined it.
My god haven’t y’all seen Malcolm X?
Remember the scene where he goes to Meccas and realizes Muslims are of all colors and changes his views on humanity completely ?
But you seem to be saying religious conversion will racialize someone.
It doesn’t work the other way either: if Muslim and renounce their faith, it will not suddenly make them Another Ethnicity that they weren’t in the first place.
Are you serious when you say the borders of Europe are now cut depending on where Christianity ends and Islam begins? As if it were so clear cut! Religion is only one cause of division in Europe.
And, whatever happened to secularism in Europe?
I was under the impression that the separation of Church and State was not a contemporary thing but went back a few hundred years…
However, what I was curious about was this:
…Predominantly muslim societies are precieved as non-{European}, but a muslim of turkish decent in France might not.
You mean compared to Arabs?
What do you mean: I am trying to understand your point.
From what I know of Turks in France, this percepton would not generally be so (beyond the French republican ideal of citzenship).
I gave no definition of “white”, and when I think about, most of the Muslims that I know you would fall over to class as “white”, even though they personally wouldn’t.
I’m quite familiar with pale and dark “whites”, even ones that have intermarried somewhat with Asians (or Africans) over generations.
@ Attilah…I just re-read what you said, and can only conclude that you did really read what I said.
on Mon Apr 14th 2014 at 00:20:28 eco
@Legion
Sure. I think Abagond experienced a feeling a lot of Europeans know very well. It’s being irritated by non-native minority groups who don’t seem to be aware how insignificant they really are, and are responsible for an amount of whining that’s completely disproportional to their deserved role in society.
The obvious difference is that the white South Africans whined about losing power they did not deserve to have to begin with, and Africans and Asians in Europe tend to whine about not being able to gain the power and privileges they do not deserve, because of their numbers and non-native status. By “power and privileges” I mean political representation, wealth, representation in popular culture and the media, religious and cultural freedoms, etc.
Large segments of both, white South Africans and Africans and Asians in Europe, seem to think that for some reason the native population should adjust itself to them and consider the non-native voices as at least as equally important as their own when it comes to national matters.
That’s not the kind of analogy I was making. I see how my previous comment was vague, but I think I explained my point of view in this one.
Haha! Eco are you typing that with a straight face, or is this some kind of elaborate joke?
on Mon Apr 14th 2014 at 03:14:49 Mady Preece
The only reason I had to post on this article as well, is to simply say:
Stop spreading your hatred of white people on the internet.
If we met in person, I am sure you would like me very much; I am extremely friendly funny and attractive (at least I think I am). I am trying to humanize myself, rather then hiding behind a computer screen. So please, do the same and have so god damn faith in humanity.
I guess I’m trolling a bit, because I know this kind of stuff is inflammatory and I intentionally used a few completely unsubtle phrases, but overall I’m serious. I genuinely think native people should be privileged over non-natives. Even over non-native citizens. It seems to me that true, perfect equality is unobtainable and of all possible solutions, that allow geographically distant cultures to coexist peacefully, favoring natives is the least of all evils.
on Mon Apr 14th 2014 at 03:38:21 jefe
What is native people? Descendent of indigenous peoples, the people that got there first?
How do we handle a place like Hawaii? or Mauritius?
What’s more, many of the descendants of the non-native people may be so ethnically or racially complicated that they have no other place to “return” to. Where do the Cape Coloureds in S.A. or the Singaporean Eurasian call home?
on Mon Apr 14th 2014 at 05:58:24 gatobranco1
It is really ilogical to classify Greeks, Bulgarians, Serbians, Armenians and Georgians as “white”, while considering Chechens, Daghestanis, Azeris, Albanians, Kosovars, Bosnians, Turks(of Turkey) as “non white”. All these people and some other, as Kurds, Lebanese and also many Afghans, Iranians, Tajiks, Pamiris etc. are best considered as “darker Europoids”. In Russia they are often called “people of Caucasian appearance” and distinguished both from white Slavs as well as from Mongoloids ar Blacks. Although some of people of these nationalities may look as central Europeans.
In Russia, even some Italian, Spanish and Portuguese people very likely would be considered Caucasian, rather than White or European, especially in the street when nobody knows who they are.
on Mon Apr 14th 2014 at 07:23:45 Legion
You’re only trolling if your insincere. You are serious about this view of yours though. Actually Eco, it’s quite an interesting view (and has quite an air of danger to it).
I genuinely think native people should be privileged over non-natives. Even over non-native citizens.
Well you can think/feel that but it’s not a sound view. Putting aside the issue of fairness, your view simply isn’t sound. It’s a recipe for immigrant criminal underclasses and a vicious circle of incarcerating the “ungrateful” immigrants, because they should be overjoyed to live in a society that locks them into 2nd class status.
I don’t believe that immigrants should be permitted to over turn the cultures of their new home countries through political power plays. Cultural change should take place organically, I think.
It seems to me that true, perfect equality is unobtainable and of all possible solutions, that allow geographically distant cultures to coexist peacefully, favoring natives is the least of all evils.
^That is a statement about protecting something. What is it you want to protect? Culture?
“Arabs” would be very difficult to classify according to race, some of them in Sudan or Mauritania, are definitely black, some as in Lebanon or Syria – most likely white, while North Africans, including Egyptians, are probably of mixed race there are plenty people there who are not white by any criteria, but some may look as Southern Europoids.
An interesting fact is that Hausa speaking black Africans call all white Europeans ‘Bature” which taken etymologically means “Turkish”.
In Russia there are some nuances related to race. A person, who has a Caucasian appearance and, let’s say, partially Georgian ancestors, but who is Russian in language, culture and upbringing, would be considered nevertheless a Slav and European, not a Caucasian by people who know him. He however could be taken as a Caucasian by strangers in the street and even hurled racial insults against him, especially in times when there are tensions between Slavic Russians and “Caucasians”, however these people if becoming aware that he is a Russian, would treat him as Russian and probably even apologize for taking him as Caucasian.
Ethnic Russians with Asiatic admixture(there are quite a few of such especially in Siberia would be mostly also considered as Slav Europeans, especially if the admixture of asiatic features is not too much.
Right, Siberia has more people than Canada and way more than Alaska. I scaled the last map, though, by region, not by country or state. So Canada and Argentina got scaled with their continents. They would each be about the size of Oceania or Siberia if scaled on their own. To scale the map at the country or state level I would need one of those cartogram programs.
Oppression is hardly whites-only. I would not consider Hutus, Arabic-speaking Sudanese, Mao, Mobutu, Pol Pot, Clarence Thomas, Condoleezza Rice or Barack Obama to be “white”.
on Mon Apr 14th 2014 at 12:21:14 Bulanik
Come now, King. 😀
You know eco behaves like that because Poland never succeeded in nabbing any colonial territories, not formally anyway. It never materialized…
(Sniff, sniff.)
on Mon Apr 14th 2014 at 12:42:08 Bobby M
About giving native born citizens more privileges:
While naturalized citizens should have most of the rights of the native born – they (immigrants) should have to change their culture and language to fit in with the country they move to, not the other way around.
Poor Poland 😦 Everyone deserves a colony.
Poland never aspired having colonies overseas. In 16-18, Poland, or more exactly Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth ruled vast territories in the East Europe, comprising modern Lithuania, Belarus and much of Ukraine. However in the end of 18 century weakened Poland was partitioned between three large empires – Russia, Prussia and Austria. It reemerged as souvereign state only in November 1918 only to be again partitioned by Communist Russia and Nazi Germany in 1939. In 1945 it reemerged again this time as a puppet state of the Communist Empire and finally became a truly souvereign state in 1989-1991.
Never aspired?
In the September session of 1937 of the League of Nations, didn’t Poland demand colonies? I also recollect hearing that in the same era, wasn’t there some kind of treaty signed between Liberia and Poland (which favoured Poland), and didn’t Poles try to settle there?
http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2492615?uid=3738232&uid=2&uid=4&sid=21103660958551
I’ve heard of this of a proposal called the “Colonial Theses of Poland”, which was produced by Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, but have not have read it:
http://cosmos.ucc.ie/cs1064/jabowen/IPSC/php/art.php?aid=168422
They also had settlement ambitions in Brazil.
http://www.polishroots.org/Research/History/poles_latinamerica/tabid/241/Default.aspx
on Mon Apr 14th 2014 at 13:55:54 Brothawolf
eco said,
Here we go again. Is it me, or does it seem like whites are scrambling to find any hint of being the victim of reverse racism? Instead of self-reflections, they prefer to have the tables turned, not to learn how it feels like to be the “other”, but to condemn nonwhites.
gatobranco1, we are aware of the history. We’re just ribbing eco because he is making nonsensical statements. Two can play at that game!
Additionally, before I forget: the Senegalese who explained that part about Liberia, also said an area of Gambia was leased by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at one time, too.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_The_Gambia
There’s probably a lot more info out there than that…
Probably you have in mind the colonial plans of Jacob the duke of the Duchy of Couland and Semigallia(now part of Latvia), which was in 17 century a vassal state of Polish Lithuanian commonwealth
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couronian_colonization
In Polish and Liothuanian history these attempt played extremely marginal role. Both Polish and Lithuanian nobles were of continental not of seafaring mentality, they were interested in the lands in East.
As for colonies in period before 1939, not only Poland ranted about colonies, but even in Lithuania, a country with just 2,5 millions of population some people had dreams about establishing a Lithuanian colony in Africa:) A professor of Kaunas university Pakštas even made a travel to Africa in order to look for places where Lithuanians could settle:) He described his impressions in the book “from Kaunas to Kapstadt”(Nuo Kauno iki Kapstadt’o). I have read this book long ago, but I remember the passage where professor described the Portuguese colonizators in Angola with deep admiration for the “civilizational work” which they have made.
Thus colonialism wa really a fashion then:)
No, not at all gatobranco1. It’s not something I “had in mind”.
As King says: we are aware of the history.
Saying “it was the times”, or colonialisation was merely a fashion in the olden days, or “extremely marginal”, is an OPINION — and changes nothing.
on Mon Apr 14th 2014 at 15:58:16 Sharina
Bobby M
Please provide and example of where it is the other way around? Oh and nothing made up please because I am not in the mood to waddle through your imagination.
@ brothawolf
Nope. Not just you at all.
@ Legion
Well said. Though I agree with economic in that he might be trolling if his goal was to stir the pot, but seeing this is his actual view I am confused as to if it it trolling. Can it be both?
@ Sharina
The trolling thing is questionable with Eco. I still can’t take his comments on the “white American music thread” seriously.
@jefe
“What is native people? Descendent of indigenous peoples, the people that got there first? (…)”
I’m talking about something I consider a general ideal, not a precise rule that should be enforced globally. I have no desire to tell nations, ethnic/cultural groups other than my own how they should live their lives and who they should see as one of their own.
I think of nativity the way I think of race. It’s not a real, material thing. In a lot of ways it’s a social construct. The concept of nativity does break down in many contexts. You are absolutely right about that. BUT! So does race. I’m aware of the limitations of the term “native” as much as I’m aware of the limitations of “race”. I think it’s as reasonable to talk about a land’s native people as it’s reasonable to talk about its black or white population.
“I’ve found that people who make the ‘Nothing is perfect!’ argument (like for racial equality) don’t really care about equality at all. It’s just a lazy, rhetorical deflection tactic they use to paint any effort at civilization as tautologically futile. Why? Well, I just said. They don’t care.”
It’s not lazy. It’s selfish and cynical. It’s not about not wanting to do the work. It’s about recognizing that if you are a native, a member of a dominating majority, multiculturalism is not going to benefit you. Since it requires mutual compromises you can only lose because of it. So why should you want to do it?
“It’s a recipe for immigrant criminal underclasses and a vicious circle of incarcerating the ‘ungrateful’ immigrants, because they should be overjoyed to live in a society that locks them into 2nd class status. ”
True, but that’s pretty much what’s happening in the supposedly multicultural societies, isn’t it? Somebody is always getting the short end of the stick, some group always needs to be the underclass. I think it’s ultimately a choice between glass and concrete ceilings.
“That is a statement about protecting something. What is it you want to protect? Culture?”
Yeah, that’s accurate, but I’ll phrase it in a more general way – it’s about the groups’ right to self-determination.
You said that “cultural change should take place organically”, I’m taking it further – I think the initiative to change should only come from within. In the case of the native/non-native dynamic, natives are not required to do anything, not required to make any concessions. Why should they be?
Based on that principle I wouldn’t support the white South Africans’ right to vote. They have no right to tell the native people what the natives should do with their country. Unless, of course, the natives decide on their own to expand the non-natives’ rights. I apply that reasoning whenever it makes sense to speak of nativity.
“I still can’t take his comments on the ‘white American music thread’ seriously.”
😀 You mean the stuff about socially conscious rap?
@ legion excuse my typos. This auto-correct is killing me. Should be eco not economic.
on Mon Apr 14th 2014 at 23:49:00 Chris
That’s what I don’t get. If you want to make the argument that the Jews went from Auschwitz to apartheid, I can see the argument. I’m not in total agreement, but I can see your argument. I just don’t get where the white racial categorization comes in. It seems to me that your argument is that:
1. In 1943, the European Jews were subject to racist policies backed by a mighty Western war machine.
2. Today, Israelis are subjecting another people to racist policies backed by a mighty Western war machine.
But, I don’t get what the relationship is between that argument, and race, which I see as an extension of how a person looks. I mean, blacks were oppressed by the West for many years, but now the foremost Western military power is headed by a black man who has taken unprecedented liberties with regard to war powers, allowing himself the right to take out anyone, anywhere for any reason. He also authorized the NSA to scoop up enough information to make George Bush II seethe with envy. But he’s still black. Because he looks black and the USA has a one-drop rule. He didn’t become white when he attained massive institutional power.
As a side note, there is a popular French singer named Enrico Macias. The guy would certainly be considered to be a man of color in the USA. He is a Sephardic Jew who was exiled from his native Algeria upon that nation’s independence in 1962. He was never invited back to Algeria, or to any Arab country, for that matter, because he has always expressed staunch solidarity with the Jewish state over the years. This year he announced that, after having spent half a century in France, he would be moving to Israel full time and taking up citizenship there. I don’t think that at the tender age of 75, his racial identity will change based on his new citizenship.
on Tue Apr 15th 2014 at 00:02:13 Chris
To illustrate my point regarding Macias, here he is in 1973 singing “Hava Nagila” with Charles Aznavour, another great French chansonnier. He’s stylin’ in that purple suit! I put this comment separately, lest it get snagged in moderation. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTRS3oB4b6s)
on Tue Apr 15th 2014 at 00:39:33 v8driver
who is aipac going to lobby in the usa?
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/bill-lucey/113th-congress-by-the-num_b_2737382.html
“Gender/Ethnicity.
• A record number 100 woman serve in the 113th Congress: 80 in the House, including 3 Delegates, and 20 in the Senate.
• 43 African Americans will serve in the House and 2 in the Senate. This House number includes 2 Delegates.
• A record number 38 Hispanic or Latino members are represented in the 113th Congress: 34 in the House, including 1 Delegate and the Resident Commissioner, and 4 in the Senate.
• 13 members (10 Representatives, 2 Delegates, and 1 Senator) are Asian American or Pacific Islanders.
• 1 American Indian (Native American) serves in the House.”
http://www.pewresearch.org/daily-number/aipac-outspends-other-religion-related-advocacy-groups-in-washington-d-c/
israel was granted a wide autonomy after wwii especially to expand and defend their acquisition over there, they got the dice roll, and they are going with it, man.
and to spell it out if you aren’t with me so far as the song goes, it would tend to suggest a support for a ‘judeo-christian’, american is a christian nation ‘partnership’, thank god they didn’t take out the reactor in iran
i’m still unclear on where abagond comes down on north african/arab/semitic as ‘white’ persuant to the “sub-saharan africa thread,” i guess it would fall under what i understand his preference to 3 race only theory, as previously stated; however north africa and ‘the middle east’ are grey in this picture so i am totally confused on that one.
on Tue Apr 15th 2014 at 04:51:17 abagond
Ideas like “race”, “white”. “black”, “savage”, etc, are largely a side effect of Western imperialism. Whiteness comes from the barrel of a gun. The idea that it comes from physical appearance and biology is a self-serving fairy tale used to make Western crimes seem inevitable, acceptable, part of the natural order of things, to make racial inequality seem “just”. I have read enough ancient Greek history to know that racism and the racist status quo are hardly “natural” or some kind of inevitable outcome, to know that it is excuse-making for those in power.
In 1943 Jews were at the “wrong” side of that gun barrel. Now they are on the other side, going above and beyond the call of duty as hired guns for the US. They have ordered their society in a racist fashion, almost like a mini US where Palestinians play the part of Blacks and Natives rolled into one. They even have the Manifest Destiny thing down: that they have a God-given right to other people’s land, people whom they dehumanize and massacre. On top of all that, Jews are accepted as white in the US.
Archaeologists will see Israel as an extension of North American society, as part of the European Expansion, Why would they not?
North Africa is grey not so much because of its genetics but because I do not see most Muslims as “white”:
https://abagond.wordpress.com/2014/04/11/the-map-of-white-people/#comment-227425
on Tue Apr 15th 2014 at 05:34:30 gatobranco1
[No, not at all gatobranco1. It’s not something I “had in mind”.
Saying “it was the times”, or colonialisation was merely a fashion in the olden days, or “extremely marginal”, is an OPINION — and changes nothing.]
I just wanted to say that all these attempts at “colonialism” from the side of Polish or Lithuanians or Duchy of Courland or maybe also Czechs, Hungarians or Lichtensteinians(who knows:))) are rather comedy and farce:)) 99.99% of the people in these countries knew nothing about any colonial plans:)
Perhaps the only book that the most Polish knew anything at all about Africa and other far away countries was the book of the author Henryk Sienkiewicz “In Desert and Wilderness”(W pustyni i puszczy) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Desert_and_Wilderness about two white children who succeed in escaping during the rebellion of Sudanese Mahdi, and have to pass through unexplored parts of Africa. The book is full of stereotypes about Africans prevalent in the 19 century Europe. Sienkiewicz apparently never visited Africa, he took his “wisdom” from descriptions of French and British colonialists.
As regards Brasil, in the 30ies of 20 century Brasilian government indeed had concerns that some of European nations may use their immigrant communities in Brasil in order to carve up colonies. Poland apparently was one of the states that caused concern for Brasilians, but of course the source of the most concern was Germany and Italy, since these nations had more potential, obviously strived for colonies in other parts of the world and had quite large imigrant communities in Brasil.
Besides that the most of Brasilians were quite unsatisfied that German, Italian, Polish and other immigrants do not want integrate in the Brasilian society, but instead strive at maintaining their own closed communities, their own language and culture, their own schools, press, churches etc. Besides, many of these immigrants even in the second and even third generation did not speak Portuguese or spoke very little, especially in rural areas. In 1937 the President Getulio Vargas adopted stringent laws that closed all immigrant political and cultural organizations and even banished speaking in public other languages than Portuguese. After stepping down of Vargas in 1945 these laws were repealed, however they have intiated swifter assimilation of imigrant communities into Brasilian mainstream.
It is not quite correct say that in 1941-45 Jews were killed by German Nazis because they were viewed as “non-white”. German Nazis had more complex racial hierarchy than just “white-nonwhite”. The highest group was not just “white”, but “Nordic”, Germanic” or Aryan”. Jews obviously were at the lowest rung of the hierarchy, Black African on the second lowest, yet the Slavs – Polish and Russians especially(who are “white” by any standards) – were also viewed as “Untermenschen”(subhumans), not very much better than Jews or Blacks. However Nazis had much higher regards for some other Slavic peoples, such as Slovaks and Croatians, as well as for Turkic and Iranic peoples. Asiatic Japanese were allies of Nazis in the WWII.
As for Israeli Jews after 1948, I think your assessment is largely correct. There indeed is much resemblance in the racist mentality of WASP and Israelis, and this hardly surprising since the racism of both stems from the same source – the Old Testament of the Bible, which is full of the stories of racial exclusion and genocide. Catholic nations read much less of the Bible in former centuries, and if they read it was the most often the New Testament, not the Old. This situation had its reflection in the fact that the racism of Spanish, Portuguese of French, which certainly existed, was nevertheless more attenuated, less exclusionary and segregationist, that that of White Anglos, Dutch Afrikaaners or Israelis. E.g. if I am not mistaken there was no “one drop rule” in French Louisiana, and “quarterons” were often accepted as whites or at least there was no stigma on intermarriage.
on Tue Apr 15th 2014 at 07:34:00 sami parkkonen
@abagond: Very interesting. Two comments:
I wonder why you do not see muslims as “white” when there are hundreds of thousands of “racially” white muslims in Europe. Bosniaks, albanians etc. consider themselves as whites in racial sense. Is your view based on the fact that you do not see arabs as pure whites, regardless what they think about themselves and thus all muslims are not white, or is this american view on the subject? I personally would not class anybody racially based on their religious views or beliefs. There are hundreds of million africans who are christians who are in racial cathegories clearly black and yet if there ever was a “white european” religion it is christianity.
Siberia seems to be a bit of mystery for most of the people. Usually its colonization by the russian is linked on race too but reality is something else. There were white natives in western parts of Siberia millenias before the first russians. Starting from the west of Urals, the people called Ves/Vepsä lived in the east from the White Sea and Lake Ladoga and they were white finnourgic people. The bjarmians who also lived on the west from the Urals were also white etc.
Also the hungarians came from the Urals as late as 800’s and they too are of finnougric stock. They migrated to their present day Hungary in early 800’s and lived nomadic life on the present day Ukraine much of the early part of 800’s. And they too are white as can be.
The northern parts of the present day Russia were also lands of other finnougric people, the Murom, Mari, Meretsh etc. The söavic tribes migrated to that region only from 700’s onwards. So the native population of the western half of the Siberia was white by the usual racial definitions from as long as can be traced.
Also the Saami/Sami people of Lapland are white by the usual racial definitions and yet they are natives of the whole Fennoscandia region.
All of these native peoples of the north east and Siberia were colonized and some even wiped out from existence by the new comers from the west. This happened also in Prussia in medieval times where some of the native people were completely wiped out by the germans and other invaders.
All of which also show that racial definitions are a huge load of BS and, just like you say, based on the economics, exploitation and colonization by white minority.
As seen in here:
@sami parkkonen
I think that you do not orient very well in geography:) The ugrofinnic people people that you have mentioned – Vepsä, Permians, Murom, Mari, Meshchera have never lived in Siberia, they lived in the European part of modern Russia. The Vepsä inhabited areas near the lake Laattokka, for example, are quite close to St. Petersburg and to Finnish border which is quite a way to go from Sibiria:))
Siberia as it is usually defined as land to the east of Urals. I strongly doubt if peoples who lived to the East of Urals – Siberian Tatars, Khanty, Mansi – were “white”.
Concerning Hungarians, the most of modern day Hungarians are not the descendants of Magyar Onogur tribes, but rather of Slavs that Magyars found on arrival and Germans that settled in Hungary later. Perhaps it would be quite difficult tell to which racial group ancient Magyars belonged, the origin of their language – Ugro-Finic or Turkic is also not very clear although many scholar classify them as Ugro-Finic.
As for the population of Sibiria proper, the indigenous people belong to several groups as Samoyed(as Nenets, Enets, Nganasan, Selkup – partly also in European part of Russia as well), Khanty-Mansi(condidered as “ugro-finic” yet theIr language has very little similarity with either Finnish or Hungarian), Turkic(Siberian Tatars, Altai, Tuva, Khakas, Saha Yakut, Dolgan). Mongolic(Buryat), Tungusic(Even, Evenki, Nanai, Oroch, Oroqen) and so-called “Paleoasiatic” not a single group but including several unrelated groups(Chukchi-Koryak, Nivkh, Ket, Yukagir)
I think that racially almost all these groups were Asiatic(Mongoloid).
Most of the population of Siberia today speak Russian and identify as Russians and Slavs. Since there was neither “one drop rule” nor ban on miscegenation in Russia, many of Russians in Siberia have admixture of Asiatic(Mongoloid) blood in their veins. Many indigenous people today are also speakers of Russian, the local languages with the most speakers are Buryat, Saha-Yakut, Khakass, Tuva, Siberian Tatar. Everyone is bilingual in Russian as well.
A question to Abagond
could this gentleman be considered white in the USA?
And how about these girls
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmdPjhTgPNY)
@ Gato Branco #1
The gentlemen looks kind of Asian, kind of white, but if he spoke with a Texan accent, I might not notice that. The singers look white to me.
BUT I am TERRIBLE at telling whether someone looks white. I used to think these women looked white:
Anne Curry
Yasmeen Ghauri
http://images5.fanpop.com/image/photos/27000000/bipasha-bipasha-basu-27092317-400-300.jpg
I see no earth-shaking difference between them and, say, these “white” women:
Marlo Thomas
Or these women, who I am still not sure whether they are “white” or not:
http://www.topnews.in/files/paula-abdul-2.jpg
So it is extremely hard for me to buy this idea of “white” as strictly genetic or just a matter of objective physical appearance. If it were that clear-cut or objective, I should be able to easily tell the difference.
Ann Curry looks like Filipina, definitely not white, Paula Abdul like Latina or Filipino Mestiza, Patricia Ford, Yasmeen Ghauri, Maya Rudolph, Bipasha Basu and Kim Kardashian would appear rather like Iranic(Iranian/Tajik/Afghan) or Caucasoid(Azeri/Georgian/Armenian/Chechen) although they could also be taken as Mediterranian(Italian/Spanish/Greek), but probably not as truly Central Europeans.
Nevertheless none of them(except Ann Curry) would look very out of place in the street of a Russian, Polish, Czech, Hungarian or Lithuanian city
For other ladies whom you call definitely “white” it is difficult to say, but all of them are rather of Mediterranian type, some may also look as Tajik/Iranian. Megan Fox has in this picture eyebrows made up as Tajik ladies do, but otherwise she looks more like Spanish senorita.
You indeed are right that it is not always easy to determine “whiteness” according only to looks, especially for the people who are born in Mediterranian/Middle East/Central Asia however religion(Christian or Muslim) is also a poor criterium, since there are lots of Muslims, especially in Bosnia, Albania, Kosovo and Turkey who look definitely white, even like Central European. Probably the best thing is to accept that not everyone can be neatly and easily classified as white or non-white.
@gatobranco:
Thanks for reply. However your definition of Siberia is, typically, quite limited. As for the finnourgic people, such as the Vepsäläiset and others, they lived way up east.
The area west from Urals is known as West Siberia, but granted, not very widely known fact. Actually, geographically, the whole Finland belongs to the western Siberia, but if we feel to be picky, then the whole land mass east from the White Sea is Siberia.
The hungarians of present day are mixed. naturally, but their original home is in Urals. So the white hungarians originated from Siberia.
I understand that it is very hard to realise that there is whole multitude of white natives anywhere outside the west european area, but so it is. Siberia included.
Yes, in east Siberia the natives are more asian BUT still many of them belong the peoples who speak uralian languages.
The point here is that dividing world by races is in my mind pretty stupid. Culturally yes, but “racially” it is silly.
@ Sami
I thought of using both linguistics and genetics to define “white”. The trouble is that, either way, Iran, Pakistan and much of India would become part of “white”. That was not the sort of white I had in mind. Linguistics would also leave out Finland and Hungary – or, if I included Uralic languages, I would also have to let in all Indo-European languages, which would again bring in India. Religion fell much closer to the fault lines that defined the sort of people I had in mind. I am not saying it is perfect, but is a better approximation than the alternatives I could think of.
I commented on my thinking on Muslims and whiteness here:
on Tue Apr 15th 2014 at 17:05:28 Bulanik
@ gatobranco1,
Perhaps the only book that the most Polish knew anything at all about Africa and other far away countries was the book of the author Henryk Sienkiewicz “In Desert and Wilderness”(W pustyni i puszczy)
Haha. 😀
I’ve heard of this book as well! 😀 Also “Murzynek Bambo” (“Bamboo, the little black child”), a poem of some charm — but how does this makes any difference to the argument?
You see, as farcical as you think Polish attempts at colonisation were, I’m not sure if your reading of European histories has caused you to consider the links between imagination and ideology… Those harmless, if stereotypical references to darker, foreign people from faraway places, can, at times, utlimately lead to “civilizing missions” by even well-meaning Europeans.
You only have to look at the example of India and the emergence of the British in that country to realize that.
(*Amal Chatterjee’s “Creation of India in the Colonial Imagination” explains the the early colonial ideas about the “exotic East” which later led to “primitive subject nation” perceptions.)
When you said the Poles never aspired to be colonialists, it was clearly not so.
From what Taras Hunczak says about Poland’s colonial ambitions, they weren’t, at one time, as “extremely” marginal about it at all. I had to smile at the irony of this, as Poland and other Eastern Slavs were perceived as “Kolonie” (colonies) by Germany who settled in those territories for centuries…
I don’t mean to say that the facts you provide aren’t insightful.
However, your analysis of “extreme” marginality simply isn’t supported.
A government’s decision to colonize other places is not arrived at from dubious and derivative ideas in children’s books alone.
* http://www.fishpond.com.au/Books/Representations-of-India-1740-1840-Amal-Chatterjee/9781283653176
on Wed Apr 16th 2014 at 04:40:20 gatobranco1
@ sami parkkonen
Your definition of “Western Sibiria” is indeed a novelty, since usually Western Sibiria is defined as the territory between Ural mountains in West and Yenissey river in East
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Siberian_Plain
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Siberian_economic_region
I think you should give at least some refrences where Norhern part of the European Russia or even Finland is referred to as “Western Siberia”. I have never heard such definition yet.
I have never seen other people on the earth so “racially aware” as North-American White Anglos or WASP, with such obsession on “whiteness”. For the most peoples of Central and Eastern Europe “whiteness” is maybe important however it is ethnical origin that matters the most.
For the most of Muslim peoples the issue whether they are “white” or “non-white” is rather non-issue at all. The most important thing is whether one is Muslim or not. Muslims classify people not according to race, real or presumed, but according to religion.
Many Muslims were pround of their ancestry, whether Arabic, Turkic, Kurdish or Iranian, yet what really mattered to them was the ancestry only from paternal side, not from maternal. Whether their mothers were free Muslim women or slave concubines of African, Asiatic or European origin(Sharia allowed for free Muslim men 4 free spouses and illimited number of concubines), the progeny were free if their father was free and had the same inheritance rights according to Sharia and could inherit father’s property, quite differently to the situation of the children of white slaveholders and their black concubines in the North America.
A very important point is that slavery was not racialized in the Muslim world, their were slaves of almost all races and nations in Muslim lands. Arabic or Swahili slave traders brought black slaves from Africa, while Crimean Tatars sold their Polish, Ukrainian ans Russian captives. Other traders could by bringing slaves from Asiatic countries.
Emancipated slaves were given the same rights under Sharia like free Muslim people and they sometimes could rise very high in the social hierarchy, sometime becoming even viziers and rulers. For example, Egypt was run quite a long time by ex-slave sultans of Turkic Qipchak or Circassian origin.
Because of all that there is much less racial awareness among Muslims, and I suppose that Muslim emigrants asked about race, prefer to answer that they not white and black or asian or something of that kind, but are just “Muslims” or “Turks” or “Arabs” or “Iranians” so creating the impression that “Muslim” is a race.
Indeed if the WASP imagination has constructed several ancestry based races( White, Black, Asian, Pacifical Islander, Native American) and one “race” based on language and culture(Latino) so, according to white Anglos, why it couldn’t be one more “race” based this time on religion? Indeed, an average White Anglo is happy only if he is able to neatly categorize people in “racial” categories. If there are some people who defy such categorization, “whites” feel deep psychological pain and anxiety as if the world were about to collapse:)
even if you have classified Linda Perry as “white” but to me she looks indeed black. It is more visible in a better picture
As for Julia Louis Dreyfus, in this picture she looks very much like Turk or Iranian http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Julia_Louis-Dreyfus_VF_2012_Shankbone_3.jpg
A little bit about “beauty standards” in dependance of race.
For me who live in a country where many women are blonde, and most of the rest are rather “gray”(neither blonde nor dark) rather than dark haired, the most attractive “white” women for me are exactly those who are dark haired, of Spanish/Latino, South Italian, Turkish or Iranian/Tajik type, not very high in stature and rather thick-set. While the beauty standards of Mediterranian, Arabic and Iranian guys are the exact opposite – they are really crazy about tall blonde girls:)
As for “non-white” the most pretty for me are women from Philippines and Congo. This of course does not mean that I consider the ladies from rest of world as ugly:D
Not only Muslims are difficult to classify in the racial optics of White Anglos. Another “hard nut to crack” are Filipinos. There are plenty discussions of the internet the participants of which try to answer deeply philosophical question – whether Filipinos are Asians, Pacific Islanders or Latinos. Sometimes these are questions of white guys, sometime of Flipino Americans who are puzzled by insistant questions of their white neighbors and colleagues about their “race”.
Indeed they are in geographical Asia, have a smattering of Confucian values, but mostly do not look like typical Asians(Chinese, Korean, Japanese); many of Filipinos indeed look similar to Pacific islanders and are remotly related to them linguistically yet Philippines has never been considered a part of Oceania; Filipinos have many Spanish elements in their culture(as Catolicism, musical traditions, many Spanish borrowings in local languages) as well as Spanish surnames, some, especially Filipino Mestizo, can even look like typical Latinos, yet the absolute majority of them speak no word in Spanish but instead Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilokano and some 100 more languages together with English. Really a puzzle for racial classification:))
Besides that, Filipinos could even be considered black since many have admixture of the blood of Agtas(“Negritos”) who are black beyond doubt although differ from African by their much lower stature
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negrito
on Wed Apr 16th 2014 at 18:41:49 sami parkkonen
Well, do not take my word. Check this program. It is a finnish documentary series “Finnougric people in Thirty Days”, part 6: The Mordvans and the Komi, who live in Siberia. I guess even you would admit that the Komi live in Siberia proper, the one even you can accept as Siberia. And you can look yourself if the Komi are “black”, “asian” or what ever, or “white”. They are finnougric nation, have lived in Siberia from times immemorial etc.
http://areena.yle.fi/tv/1783782
And yes, Komi is west from the Urals
on Wed Apr 16th 2014 at 21:17:10 Bulanik
@ gatobranco1
…Indeed they are in geographical Asia, have a smattering of Confucian values, but mostly do not look like typical Asians(Chinese, Korean, Japanese)
Just to say, whenever I come to this blog, I always have to remember that “Asia” starts in the Eastern part of the continent, somewhere around China, roughly, very roughly, and Asians are, as you say Chinese, Korean, Japanese, etc. Typical Asians never, NEVER, ever look like this:
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LQAFScAGSxk/TyKUkgNQSxI/AAAAAAAAANA/jgmcjwC6gRk/s1600/indian+skin.jpg,
https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT-aDEIME0xlyDsjWc-8hJbFIKxyprX_5TKpQqbGzE3pGzcHE2f
…even though there are well over 1.6 billion of them, right in the middle of Asia.
I do see what you mean, gatobranco — it’s just general observation I am making.
on Thu Apr 17th 2014 at 05:44:38 gatobranco1
Unfortunately, the video does not load but it can be found on you tube as well I’ll see. Kiitos paljon:)
I think I know sufficiently well about finno-ugric people. All they(Komi Zyrian, Komi Permyak, Udmurt, Mari, Erzya, Moksha) except Khanty-Mansi live in the European Russia to the West of Urals, not in Siberia. All finno-ugric people to the West of Urals are white. As for Khanty-Mansi living to the East of Urals, from the pictures I have seen on the net, they appear rather Eurasian but not truly Asiatic/mongoloid. Some even may look white
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Khanty
http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/khants.shtml
http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/mansis.shtml
I have however some doubts whether Khanty and Mansi are truly related to Finns. I have found textbooks of Khanty and Mansi languages on internet. These languages have not a slightest ressemblance with Finnish, but neither they do resemble Hungarian. Finnish and Hungarian does not seem to be related either. There are a dozen Hungarian words which resemble Finnish but there are much more which resemble Turkic or Chuvashian.
Chuvash, a non-ugrofinic people living in European Russia (distantly related to Turkic) are also white. Volga Tatars I tink are also mostly white since most of them are descendant of ancient Bulgars and spoke once a dialact similar to Chuvash before they switched to Qipchaq. Some are of Qipchaq extraction and can have Asiatic features.
Regarding Bulgars there is hypothesis that they once lived in the mountainous area in the Central Asia. Probably the name of the city Falghar(Tajikistan) located on the Turkestan range can be related to the word Bulgar. Later they migrated to the North Caucasus area and from there they went and established north to the Black Sea. In 7 century attacked by Khazars they split into several groups, one of them went to Volga region, another led by Khan Asparukh migratred to South of Danube where they established their own powerful state bud made only minority in it(about 20-30% how it is believed) and later slavicized.
It is difficult to tell what language Bulgars spoke, but probably they were a tribal confederation different tribes of which spoke Turkic or rather proto-Chuvashian, Iranic and remaining maybe Finno-Ugric or Proto-Hungarian languages. However these language(s) are not attested. What remains are only some 200 words in modern Slavic Bulgarian which are believed to be “proto-Bulgarian”.
Anyway it is quite probably that these ancient Bulgars were white, and not mongoloid how it is assumed by some scholars.
concerning the concept Asia.
Geographical Asia – in the East it includes Philippines and the most of Indonesia, but does not includes New-Guinea island, Melanesia, Micronesia or Polinesia which are considered to be part of Oceania. In the West, geographical Asia’s limits are Urals mountains, Caucasus range, Bosphorus straits, Egean Sea, Suez Channel and Red Sea.
Asia as used for the purposes of sports competitions, UN agencies etc. – sometimes it can include parts of Oceania or Australia/NZ, sometimes not. Turkey, Israel, Armenia, Azerbaijan Republic, Georgia are often included into Europe
Asian as “race” in the USA – it includes chiefly representatives of the peoples of the Confucian culture – Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese, but also may include all those peoples who have more or less “mongoloid” appearance(narrower eyes etc.), as Thai, Burmese, Cambodians, Mongolians, Tibetans, Central Asian and Siberian Turkic peoples etc. It can inlude Indonesians and Filipinos as well
Asian as “race” in the Great Britain – in the GB Asian it means Indo-Pakistanis.
on Thu Apr 17th 2014 at 07:49:25 Pay it Forward
^^ I have commented several times in the past on this as well.
“Asian” in the US context = East Asian, but is sometimes extended to include the others as listed by gatobranco.
In Britian, however, East Asians are variously known as Chinese, “Oriental” etc., with the group /racial designation of “Asian” going to South Asians, who in the US are typically referred as Indians or “East Indians”, I have also heard “Gandhi Indians” and “Hindus” (actual religious affiliation notwithstanding) by older folk, as well as a least two derogatory identifiers which I will not list here.
In this same vein West and Southwest Asians in the USare not typically referred to as “Asians” either. They are Middle Easterners or “Arabs”
Not using the identifier “Asian” for US-based Indians and other South Asians is not intended as a snub, just as — and I will assume — no snub is intended for British-based East Asians in the regard of typically assigning South Asians, rather than East Asians, the general and more encompassing designation of just plain “Asian”.
Concerning the definition of “who is white” there is some interesting historical cases:
An Indian man(Sikh) who wanted to prove that he is white and thus eligible for naturalization(at the time when the Us law allowed only white and black African persons for naturalization)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Bhagat_Singh_Thind
Another example a Japanese man who wanted Japanese reclassified as white also for naturalization purposes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozawa_v._United_States
However both claims were rejected at that time(1920ies)
Probably that one of things that perpetrates the racial stereotypes and racial thinking is the use of the concept “race” in thie official censuses of the USA
http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/cenbr01-1.pdf
Interesting enough the census qualifies as “white” people “having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. It includes people who indicated their race or races as “White” or wrote in entries such as
Irish, German, Italian, Lebanese, Near Easterner, Arab, or Polish.”
Thus according to the USA census, all Muslims of North Africa, Arab countries, Turkey, Iran, Albania, Bosnia, maybe also from some other countries would be qualified as white. Thus it goes against the popular perception of the US white Anglos(reported by Abagond) that “Muslims are not white”.
on Thu Apr 17th 2014 at 17:24:55 abagond
@ Eco: Comment deleted for making personal remarks.
More: I deleted your comments about Bulanik’s Polish friends. You are dragging in her private life to smear her. Not cool. I know you think they are imaginary, but you have no way to prove it, at least not on an English-only forum like this one. You will just have to let it go.
on Thu Apr 17th 2014 at 18:08:04 Sharina
gatobranco1,
Well then the obvious question is are all Muslims of North Africa? If they are not then can you reasonable continue to conclude them as white? Also can white according to USA standards be considered white according to them?
on Thu Apr 17th 2014 at 20:12:12 Bulanik
The commonly-understood concepts Asia and its geography have been discussed a few times on this blog, but I feel there’s a bit more to it in the light of reading the recent exchanges about belonging and ethnicity.
Pay it Forward is correct: it IS generally true that in the UK (not for Ireland, though), the term Asian is understood to refer to South Asians.
If someone is of Chinese or Burmese descent, for example, then it’s their particular nationality that will be the identifier instead of the supposedly generic designation “Asian”.
(Perhaps one reason “Asian” became exclusively associated with East Asians was because it was another, more polite way, of saying Mongoloid, the way “Caucasian” became a polite way of saying White…?)
However, it is also my experience that East Asians and Southeast Asians are ALSO encompassed by the term “Asian” in normal conversations.
It is acceptable to call ALL Asians “Asians”, and no one bats an eyelid:
I used to notice this in conversations between and among different Asian ethnicities in England and Scotland.
Therefore, this wouldn’t be an issue of “snubbing”, or exclusion, at all: both East and South Asians see each other as equally and absolutely Asian!
In the UK at least.
Any awkwardness or misunderstanding only seems to arise among Irish, continental Europeans, Americans and Australians who — and I generalise sweepingly now — appear to refuse to see South Asians as Asian.
“No”, they will say, “Indians aren’t Asians.”
These same individuals will say South Asians are Arabs or Middle Easterners.
I have also seen and heard East Asians (US and Australia) say that South Asians cannot have the Asian “racial” designation and be called Asians because that term belongs to them.
So, at best — at best — the term “Asian” is inconsistent.
There is no pan-Asian identity.
Personally, I don’t think “Asian” it is a good identifier for Indians, Sri Lankans, Indians, etc. Sure, they are certainly Asian, like Koreans are Asian, but “Asian” is far, far too general, and far, far too unqualified whether it’s applied to Sri Lankans just as much as it is to Koreans.
Ethnicity always develops differently in each country, and this causes international comparisons to be excluding and confusing, uselessly so.
I believe more accurate and specific descriptions would be much more useful for the naming of different Asian peoples.
on Thu Apr 17th 2014 at 21:01:56 Linda
Gatobranco1, just because the USA census “says so” — does not make it so.
Since Islam is a religion, then that means it encompasses people of different “races” and Ethnicities — just like Christianity
Even the term “Arab” does not mean “White”…. because many people called “Arabs” in north Africa are mixed-race or can be classified as “black”
I think because “race” is political and a social construct developed by white Europeans/American in order to perpetuate their own Agenda’s–
we are all now stuck with shoes that sometimes don’t fit.
http://newsfeed.time.com/2012/09/07/egyptian-immigrant-wants-to-be-reclassified-as-black/
Mostafa Hefny feels he’s been black his whole life. The U.S. government doesn’t agree.
when Mostafa Hefny immigrated to the United States from Egypt in 1978, he didn’t get a say in that decision.
“The US government [interviewer] said, ‘You are now white,”
White” is defined as “a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa” — which is why the U.S. government classifies Hefny as such.
However, the designation for “Black or African American” applies to “a person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa.” According to CBS, Hefny says that he is descended from the Nubians, the ancient group of Egyptians from the northern part of Sudan and southern part of Egypt.
Since the 1980s, CBS reports, Henfy has been fighting to have the U.S. government reclassify him as black, which is how he’s always seen himself.”
believe it or not, not every “Arab” north African denies their black African mixed ancestry.
just because the USA census “says so” — does not make it so.
A census has uses, but it’s only a tool, not Definitive and Exhaustive Truth…just an enumeration method grounded in arbitrary and socially constructed principles, and one that must be ever-open to improvement.
on Fri Apr 18th 2014 at 04:53:57 gatobranco1
What is indeed strange for me, is that a goverment oficial imposed on Mustafa Hefny a racial label of his own picking instead allowing M. Hefny to autodefine himself. The important point is here is not whether the official classified M. Hefny “correctly” and “incorrectly”, but the mere fact the the official was so arrogant as to better know the racial affiliation of the person than the person himself.
As far I understand from the now existing census rules, in our days, had M. Hefny autodefined as “Arab”, or “Egyptian” he would still be finally classified as “white” but he would also be free to autodefine as “black” if he wished so.
Since it happened in 1979, maybe it was a hangover from old racist times before the Civil Rights Movement when it was usual to establish person’s “race” against his own expressed will and the race was considered as something “objective”, “physical” rather than “social” or “identitary”. I have also heard stories how immigrant people from Europe were forced by officials to identify as “Caucasians” which of course had no sense for them.
I just wanted to ask – whether such forced identification of person’s race still happens today in States?
The US census currently also recognizes people from Indian subcontinent as Asian
A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian Subcontinent, including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam.
So that in the census, the label “Asian” includes Indian Subcontinent, the Confucian countries, the Indo-Buddhist countries(as Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia) and Austronesian countries(Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines). It is not clear whether it also includes Mongolia or Central Asian countries as Kazakstan or Russian Siberia, but since persons now are allowed no to autodefine, so probably persons from these countries could autodefine as Asians.
In “geographical Asia” there are several cultural areas with different cultural identity, certainly there is no pan-Asian identity.
If one take “geographical Asia” one can distinguished numerous regional cultural (rather than “racial”) identities:
– Arab Muslim(Syria, Lebanon, Irac, Saudo Arabia, Yemen, Golf States)
– Arab Christian(Lebanon, Syria, including also Egytian Copts, but these not in geographical Asia)
– Israeli Jew(Israel)
– Turkic Muslim (Turkey, Rep. of Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhastan, Kirgizstan)
– Iranic Muslim(Iran, Tajikistan, Afghanistan)
– Caucasian Muslim(Circassian, Chechen, Daghestani)
– Caucasian Christian(Armenian, Georgian)
– Indo-Pakistani Muslim(Pakistan, India, Bangladesh)
– Hindu(India, Nepal)
– Indo-Buddhist/Theravadin (Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia)
– Tibetan Mahayanic Buddhist (Tibet, Mongolia, Buryatia, Kalmykia)
– Russian Slav Orthodox(Siberia)
– Confucian(China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan)
– Muslim Austronesians( Malaysia, Indonesia)
– Catholic Austronesians (Philippines)
There are, of course smaller ethnical groups in many countries who not fit in any of these categories
Although much of what I have wrote seems like religious labels, it is much more cultural than merely religious:
-first, religion strongly affects culture, much more than presumed or imagined “race”;
-secondly Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism is not merely a system of belief, but an integral philosophy establishing a way of life, while Confucianism is not a religion but rather an ethical and philosophical teaching
-thirdly even those persons who are not deeply religious or even not religious at all, the most often they belong to the cultural area they were born, e.g. an atheist born in a Muslim or Hindu country still will be mostly Muslim or Hindu in culture; Many Koreans are Christians yet mostly Confucians in culture.
Concerning the question whether some North Africans are aware of their black ancestry.
In Egypt, it may be true. There are much tensions in Egypt between Upper Egyptians(Saeedi, Nubian) and the more affluent people of the Nile Delta. The former are often stereotypized and marginalized by the latter. Upper Egyptians have darker color of skin, they are poorer, they often do low-paid jobs when they live in Cairo, they have a dialect of Arabic different from the Standard Cairene variety, and different social customs.
On the contrary, Cairo and the Nile Delta always were more affluent, the center of political power and received the most of the migrations of “white” peoples(greeks, romans, arabs, circassians, ottoman turks).
Thus is quite possible that South Egyptians may feel discriminated and this can make them aware of their African roots. It is less likely that Cairo and Delta Egyptians would be mindful of their African heritage, although this is not excluded. The president Gamal Abdel Nasser, for example wanted to become a strong leader not only in the Arabic world, but in the black Africa as well. Did he use any cultural or racial arguments besides purely political? I do not know. Maybe some other knows?
As for Maghrib countries, there are strong ethnical tensions between Maghribi Arabs and Imazighen(Berbers), But as far as I know, Imazighen, who are pre-Arab population there, are not black. Moroccans and Algerians do have, however, admixture of African blood due to the importation of black slaves and contacts with Africa. But I do not know how much they are aware of that.
Much of the elite of these countries are by orgin either Arabs, either (especially in Algeria, Tunis and Libya) descendants of Ottoman janissaries or corsary capitans(Turks or European slaves or refugees by origin). Maghrib countries and their elites also had strong influx of Andalusian Arabs(deported by Spanish from Spain). The latter were mostly arabised Spaniards.
on Fri Apr 18th 2014 at 09:01:04 Linda
“gatobranco1
Gatobranco1, you are quoting alot of westernized versions of “African” history
so I will ask you a question, “was Mansa Musa or Askia Muhammad ” imported black slaves?
you do realize that black Africans lived on the Entire continent of Africa and they did not have to be “imported” as slaves to North Africa in order to “add” to the mixture.
and that the Imazighen(Berbers) are not 1 solitary tribe but they are composed of many different Ethnic tribes based on region.. ie Djerba, Mozabites, Siwa, Riffian (the blonds that every likes to boast about but they do not represent the majority of Berbers), Tauregs, etc
the “Arab” slave trade was not the initial way or the only way that black Africans arrived in North Africa.
http://nilevalleypeoples.blogspot.com/2010/05/blog-post_5025.html
Ancient Local Evolution of African mtDNA Haplogroups in Tunisian Berber Populations
“Until recently, some papers suggested that the distribution of the main L haplogroups in North Africa was mainly due to trans-Saharan slave trade.
However in September 2010, a thorough study about Berber mtDNA by Frigi et al. concluded that most of L haplogroups were much older and introduced by an ancient African gene flow around 20,000 years ago.
( haplogroup L is an indigenous black African gene)
The sub-Saharan contribution to northern Africa, starting from the east would have taken place before the Neolithic. The western African contribution to North Africa should have occurred before the Sahara’s formation (15,000 years BP).”
Meaning, black people were already in North Africa before the Maghrebs (Arabs) or Turks arrived.
This is why I mentioned to Abagond that an “Africa” tab is needed — a lot of misconceptions
Certainly contacts started much before than Muslim slave trade.
Imazighen as it is known belongs to the Afroasiatic family of languages, and 5 from 6 of its branches(Chadic, Imazighen, Kushitic, Omotic, Ancient Egyptian) were always located in Africa. Semitic was intially located in Western Asia, semites came to North Africa and Ethiopia later.
With 5 branches of 6 being in Africa, it is inconceivable that the original homeland of the Afro-Asiatic was somewhere else as in Africa. Probably it was somewhere at the lake Chad or in Sudan, and the initial pra-Afro-Aasiatic were with all probability black.
Having migrated from their homeland, they moved north and there subjected to their rule probably some white(?) populations in Maghrib and Egypt. Through the passage of time the black elite in in the North Africa probabably became “whitened” through the intermarriage with white slave girls. I have read somewhere that Egyptian frescos depict Pharaons like black men, and their wives and concubines as white, I do not know if it is true, but it is highly probable.
Probably that the ancestors of Ancient Egyptians or at least their elite came somewhere from Nubia/Sudan since Ancient Nubian cultures display many similarities with Egypt(as building of pyramides).
Another group proceded from Africa to Western Asia where the gave beginning to the Semitic language group.
Later, contacts with the subsaharan Africa never interrupted, despite the desertification of Sahara, so that in all epochs – Carthaginese, Roman. Vandalic, Byzantine, Arab – North Africans traded with the black Africa, not only in slaves of course and the human contacts certainly were not reduced to slave trade alone.
on Fri Apr 18th 2014 at 15:16:33 Bulanik
@ Linda, from your first link:
Our results reveal that Berber speakers have a foundational biogeographic root in Africa and that deep African lineages have continued to evolve in supra-Saharan Africa.
Excellent stuff! Thank you for both those links.
The standard story always shows blacks as “slaves” and being moved about, or “freighted” like cattle “introduced” into the bloodline. It’s almost portrayed like it’s the Natural Order, or something eternal and universal!
At best, this leads to a poor understanding…
This story of African gene flow is narrow. If that is not bad enough, it’s also told the wrong way round. 😀
Recent research is showing that the direction is properly trans-Saharan, into Southern Europea and also the Levant (or what used to be known as the Levant, or the Eastern Mediterranean).
As a cultural staple, this idea has been quite self-serving.
On the “How white was ancient Greece” thread, it’s pretty apparent how much the idea of a White World has penetrated the way we are all supposed to “see” many West Eurasians, for example and especially the Greeks, through the White Lens:
…The British are invested in the Classics, it is the organizing principle of their white, European intellectual identity. The signature of their civilization, the cornerstone of their education.
The Classics is at the root and “the learned vocabulary of international application.”
https://abagond.wordpress.com/2010/03/28/how-white-was-ancient-greece/#comment-193933. Also:
“…similar to the idea that Arabs were a white people who “became” darker by adulteration of their bloodlines. For Greeks, it implies that more Turks moved into Greek lands than the other way round, and that the Greeks themselves started out as uniformly Nordic, blond and blue eyed!
None of this was ever so.
When did the Greeks cease being a people of the Levant?
When did they achieve European-ness and their historic ties with Eastern world get wiped?
The effect though, is clear, because it has white-washed the Ancient Greeks and allowed the West to appropriate this history and culture as its own: from Neoclassiscism in architecture, to literature, the visual arts, theatre, to music…”
https://abagond.wordpress.com/2010/03/28/how-white-was-ancient-greece/#comment-193990
on Fri Apr 18th 2014 at 16:10:04 Da Jokah
There’s no need to “white wash” greeks, berbers or anyone else. This graph is based on data from from The History and Geography of Human Genes by Cavalli-Sforza, Menozzi and Piazza. One interesting thing you’ll notice is that there are four major races, not three, and that northeastern Asians are as close to Caucasians as to southeast Asians. There’s a tendency to lump all Asians together, but they are genetically very different.
Jokah, you supply a graphy and tell me: “…there are four major races, not three, and that northeastern Asians are as close to Caucasians as to southeast Asians. There’s a tendency to lump all Asians together, but they are genetically very different.”
Your graph has nice, primary colours, but where does it say any of that..?
on Fri Apr 18th 2014 at 18:01:30 v8driver
@bulanik, pretty sure the BBC news makes the “Indian subcontinent” and environs into “South Asia,” I guess that kind of covers Pakistan and Afghanistan too.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world/asia/
…down the bottom of the page…
@ v8, the BBC do that. What about in the US, Australia, etc?
bulanik “Your graph has nice, primary colours, but where does it say any of that..?
You’re the kind of person who would look at a photograph of a blue sky and say. “That’s a pretty picture of a blue sky. But where does it say the sky is blue?”
You’re the kind of person who’d answer the question “why is the sky blue?” by showing a blank piece of paper to all and saying:
“Here is my proof on here”.
(Better to give us more and far, far better information to prove your devastating argument, Jokah…)
Drivers License, etc. will just have height, weight, hair color, eye color,
on each job application,”Equal Opportunity” regulations state the federal government is required to try and collect stats on job applicants…
“3. Ethnicity (Check One):
Hispanic or Latino –a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or
other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race.
Not Hispanic or Latino
“4. Race (Check all that apply):
American Indian or Alaska Native –a person having origins in any of the original
peoples of North or South America (including Central America), and who maintains
tribal affiliation or community attachment.
Asian –a person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent, including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, or Vietnam.
Black or African American –a person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa.
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander –a person having origins in any of the
original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific islands.
White –a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa”
http://federalgovernmentjobs.us/forms/Optional%20OMB_3046-0046.pdf
@DJ in all fairness, those graphs make no sense without some type of key or legend
on Sat Apr 19th 2014 at 03:21:24 Da Jokah
The graph shows the Fst distance between selected populations. Where Fst is the proportion of the total genetic variance contained in a subpopulation (the S subscript) relative to the total genetic variance (the T subscript). Values can range from 0 to 1. High Fst implies a considerable degree of differentiation among populations. As a reference, the horizontal Fst from Japanese to English is 0,1244, And the vertical Fst between Eskimo and West African is 0,2693. But, honestly, a numerical reference isn’t necessary to see relative relatedness. You can just look at it.
@dj that ish makes my eyes bleed, i feel like i’m back in ap bio class, not for me thanks
Yep. Sorry. 😦
on Sun Apr 20th 2014 at 11:44:30 Sylheti
Hi Abagond,
Thanks for the map. Very useful. There is so much I could say so I’ll say it in stages.
White European Muslims such as Bosnians and Albanians will be considered white by most Europeans, but not by right-wing extremists who consider them “traitors” for following a non Judaeo-Christian faith. Of course Judaeo-Christianity itself originated from the middle east and Christ (pbuh) was a middle-easterner, that of course is ignored or not registered by the right-wing Stormfront types (Albanians and Bosnians are not allowed to have their own stormfront sub-forums as they are not “white”).
However would the average Bosnian or Albanian Muslim (Albania is 40% officially non-Muslim anway i.e. Orthodox/Catholic etc) be subject to the mistreatment that non-whites are exposed to e.g. discrimination in the work place, “Micro-aggressions” (to use your excellent phrase) that non-whites such as blacks and Asians are exposed to. No.
A large part of American and European white racism is based on how comfortable they feel with the white/non-white in question and a lot of that is how visibly different you are, do you stand out as an eyesore. Bosnians and Albanians do not.
In their general social lives unless they practise Orthodox Islam staunchly Bosnians and Albanians will not have major problems and enjoy white privilege the only exceptions will be far-right groups and also on a geo-political level the “problematic” issue of them being Muslim societies to US policymakers.
This is my first comment and I hope I haven’t been too longwinded and maybe I can share some other observations later on.
I myself am Bangladeshi from the Sylhet province (hence my nick) raised in the UK.
Once again an excellent map which can be utilized by others on the internet for reference purposes.
on Sun Apr 20th 2014 at 18:59:56 Guadalupe Victoria
Argentina never had black inhabitants but recently there was an immigration of Africans and Haitians
@ Guadalupe Victoria
Is “never” what you were taught in school, or are you only guessing that ALL the black people you have seen are “recent” immigrants?
I am wondering how come you have never heard of Afro-, Mulato or Zambo Argentines. There is quite a lot of information that you can find online that shows your “never” claim is ABSOLUTELY UNTRUE.
According to historical accounts, Africans first arrived in Argentina in the late 16th century in the region now called the Rio de la Plata, which includes Buenos Aires, primarily to work in agriculture and as domestic servants. By the late 18th century and early 19th century, black Africans were numerous in parts of Argentina, accounting for up to half the population in some provinces, including Santiago del Estero, Catamarca, Salta and Córdoba.
In Buenos Aires, neighborhoods like Monserrat and San Telmo housed many black slaves, some of whom were engaged in craft-making for their masters. Indeed, blacks accounted for an estimated one-third of the city’s population, according to surveys taken in the early 1800s.
San Telmo still has a visible Afro-Argentine population, apparently, along with Merlo and Ciudad Evita cities…Do you believe that the black (or possibly black) people in these places are ALL Haitians and or African immigrants?
Historians generally attribute two major factors to this sudden “mass disappearance” of black Africans from the country – the deadly war against Paraguay from 1865-1870 (in which thousands of blacks fought on the frontlines for the Argentine military) as well as various other wars; and the onset of yellow fever in Buenos Aires in 1871.
The heavy casualties suffered by black Argentines in military combat created a huge gender gap among the African population – a circumstance that appears to have led black women to mate with whites, further diluting the black population. Many other black Argentines fled to neighboring Brazil and Uruguay, which were viewed as somewhat more hospitable to them.
Some commentators say that this was a deliberate policy to create a South American country without blacks in it:
<blockquote…the president of Argentina from 1868 to 1874, Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, sought to wipe out blacks from the country in a policy of covert genocide through extremely repressive policies (including possibly the forced recruitment of Africans into the army and by forcing blacks to remain in neighborhoods where disease would decimate them in the absence of adequate health care).
http://www.ibtimes.com/blackout-how-argentina-eliminated-africans-its-history-conscience-1289381
By 1895, there were reportedly so few blacks left in Argentina that the government did not even bother registering African-descended people in the national census. What does that tell you?
And, where did you think Tango came from?
Answer: The blacks of your country, it seems…
http://www.indyweek.com/indyweek/the-blackness-of-tango/Content?oid=1197334
well i know that in Argentina were mulatos the same as in Uruguay, but they have disappeared long time ago, unlike in Uruguay where you can see many descents from black slaves, what I was just saying is that since many many years ago this is a country of european immigrants, mostly from Italy and Spain, i remember when this new african people started to came and for us it was quite unusual to see black people in the streets,,
@ Guadalupe
But that is NOT what you said. What you said was there were never any.
As though Argentina is a totally white country and always was.
And, what do you think mulattoes are? The black parent is black.
If you wish to find out more, you will find that at one time your country’s population was about 50% black.
I understand that this you believe what you have been taught to believe and see what you want to see, but may I suggest that there more to it than that?
Black Argentina:
http://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.ie/2012/10/african-descendants-in-argentina-afro.html
An extract from it says:
“The demographic decline of the Afro-Argentines has variously been attributed to miscegenation, disease and warfare … [and] reclassification of black people as white or mestizo…
Indeed, reclassification has its origins in the early eighteenth century, when the Spanish monarchy instituted a system whereby a subject could purchase certificates of legal ‘‘whiteness’’ called gracias al sacar. … death had less to do with the perceived disappearance of Afro-Argentines than such reclassification, frequently as ‘‘triguen˜os,’’ and cultural prejudices.
These contributed to downplaying the contribution of black people to porten˜o culture and overlooking the patriotism and high level of integration of some black porten˜os..”
Here is a bit more about the Afro-Argentinian artform, Tango:
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4vRF_hGR_yU)
There are so many articles that you could fill in the gaps about Afro Argentina.
Take this one — it starts off like this:
The most “European” country of Latin America hides its African origin. Today, 200 years after its founding, it faces the problem of the integration of the excluded and the revision of a monolithic and European discourse.
That one paragraph sums up the racial propaganda, doesn’t it?
Here’s the full article about Argentina’s “bleaching policy”:
http://www.guinguinbali.com/index.php?lang=en&mod=news&task=view_news&cat=10&id=607
According to Miriam Gomes, a professor of literature at the University of Buenos Aires, says historians are somewhat to blame for the stereotypes that are so widespread. She says:
“Argentina’s history books have been partly responsible for misinformation regarding Africans in Argentine society, Argentines say there are no blacks here. If you’re looking for traditional African people with very black skin, you won’t find it. African people in Argentina are of mixed heritage.”
And, are you familiar with the “Soy afroargentino/a” (“I am Afro-Argentina/o) campaign from a while back?
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RD6bjXALw-g)
ok you can go to the documents all u like, but the fact is that in Argentina nowadays there s no black people except for the new immigrants
I understand how shocking this must be for you.
But no matter how indoctrinated you are, and no matter how much denial you live in, this will not change facts about Argentina nowadays like over 5% of Argentines state they have at least 1 black ancestor, and a further 20% state they do not know whether or not they have any black ancestors….
No matter what fantasy you hold dear, it will not change the African genetic contribution carried by at least 10% of the Argentinian population.
Your scientists have found this. Not me.
2 Guadalupe Victoria
It seems impossible that you can know what’s going on in the entire country of Argentina just by looking around, and by recalling your own personal experience.
Argentina may be the most White country in South American, but that does not mean that there was ever a time when NO Blacks were living there. At some point, we all have to rely on the history books (since we can’t be in all places at all times) and those seem to indicate the there were always some Blacks around.
It’s a possibility that Guadalupe Victoria’s perceptions are a natural outcome of long-standing policies which’ve promote her nation as “homogeneously” white.
Perhaps the general population does not see diversity.
Perhaps there is not much sensitivity to it.
Xenophobia among the general population is quite pronounced, if the Argentinian federal government research about that is anything to go by.
It seems that Peruvians and Paraguayans, and Bolivians in particular, are singled out for discrimination in that country.
http://www.lanacion.com.ar/890199-discriminan-por-tener-sobrepeso-y-ser-extranjero
bulanik u r right, this is a racist country, can t deny it, here all latin american countries are seen as inferiror u r right, im not proud of that but is reality
on Mon Apr 21st 2014 at 00:01:28 King
It is something that we have long understood, that the tendrils of White supremacy wrap themselves all around the world. Your country is but one example. But at least you know and admit the truth. Many here in the U.S. tout the idea that racism towards non-whites (particularly Blacks) around the world is a confirmation of White Supremacy rather than a direct result of its worldwide indoctrination.
on Mon Apr 21st 2014 at 00:08:48 Guadalupe Victoria
we descent primarily from Italians and many fascists came here, we also had a great number of German nazi refugees, we are the second country in the world (after USA) with larger jewish population, so it s not to be surprised of the idiosyncracy of Argentinian people
Indeed, the Fascists and the Jews must have quite a time getting along in the New World!
on Mon Apr 21st 2014 at 00:46:13 Linda
Bulanik,
I think what Guadalupe calls “black” is people who almost literally have “black” skin or are dark brown, to them, that is what “African” represents.
You have to remember, trigueno, mixed, mulatto, etc.. are sometimes not seen as “black” in certain South American countries — reverse one drop rule, mixes that African away.
so her perception of “black” is different than countries like the US or UK’s perception of black.
As you are aware, even in the Caribbean, ambiguous “black” people or known mixed-race history turns their identity to “brown”
I know that perception of my identity changed depending on the country –I’ve been called Samoan, Indian, Puerto Rican, etc — I think there are a few other posters who also underwent this identity change once they left the US to go elsewhere.
@linda u made me laugh! when I say that Argentina is white is because we descent from Europeans, when u talk about mulatos and all that stuff is people from the rest of Latin America, hardly in Argentina u find those peoples, they exist here but is an insignificant pecentage, my perception of “black” is exactly the same as people from UK, and for black we understand all those u mentioned ( trigueño, mixed, mulatos, etc), regards
on Mon Apr 21st 2014 at 01:33:06 jefe
Seems like the history books in Argentina have been white-washed too.
seems like u dont know anything about my country and dare to talk having no idea
“Guadalupe Victoria
@linda u made me laugh! when I say that Argentina is white is because we descent from Europeans, when u talk about mulatos and all that stuff is people from the rest of Latin America”
Then why would you be confused about the fact that there are “black” Argentinians that are not recent African immigrants– if you see trigueno and mixed race as “black”?
That means you saw “black” people in Argentina before the arrival of recent black African immigrants. I know “black” Argentines are a smaller percentage than the European immigrant descendants in Argentina but they were still there — how did you manage to miss them?
dear , 97 % of Argentinians descent from European immigrants,Period
Thus, most Argentines are descendants of the 19th and 20th century immigrants, with about 97% of the population being of European, or of partial European descent.[3][4] Arab descent is also significant (mostly of Syrian and Lebanese origin), and the Jewish population is the biggest in all Latin America (7th in the world). Mestizo population in Argentina, unlike in other Latin American countries, is very low, as is the Black population after being decimated by diseases and wars in the 19th century, though since the 1990s a new wave of Black immigration is arriving.
Guadalupe,
Thank you for reciting Wikipedia’s information for me, Dear… but I can read and use Google just as well as you.
I wanted YOUR opinion –words from YOUR standpoint as an Argentinean, who I assume still lives there, about why you seem to not know the difference between your fellow so called “black” Argentinean countrymen versus the African immigrants….
you did make the statement that there were “Never” any black people in Argentina, and as a Latina, I know that is not true.. how come you did not?
i expressed my opinion many times here, its noticeable your ignorance, and if u checked wikipedia whats the point in discussing something that everybody knows except u,?
kiwi Chile is full of indigenous people and Urugauy has a lot of black and mestizos, Argentina is the only country almost totally European in Latin America, dont be so confused please!
Guadalupe, I’m trying to be nice to you but you’re trying my patience b
Express an opinion about what? the fact that your ignorant a’s didn’t know that there were black people in Argentina before Africans and Haitians arrived
I asked you a specific question: “why were you unaware of the fact that there were ALREADY black people in Argentina, since you considered people who were mulata or triguena to be “black”?
I would ask it in Spanish, so you have no excuse as to why you won’t answer a simple question, but the blog owner doesn’t want people to make comments in other languages.
on Mon Apr 21st 2014 at 02:51:20 Sharina
“dear , 97 % of Argentinians descent from European immigrants,Period.”—-tsk tsk tsk. Why is the sudden rush of people quoting sources and not really reading it. Sorry Guadalupe, but according to your source it is not period as your source continues on to say partial European decent.
Well there will certainly be a lot of deleting going on in this thread when Abagond gets back!
Wow did we really have to go there?
No one is exempt from comments going into moderation, so basically you are going off on a paranoid rant. Also it is you who provided a source, did not fully read it past what supported you, and opened yourself for me to point it out. Don’t be mad. Just do better.
That depends on what you are considering an insult. If by her questioning you or by you calling her ignorant? In either case I can provide the links to where it began for you to review and determine where it went sour, but I prefer you do that yourself. At any rate I am out.
Before I go. If an opinion makes you turn into that kind of monster then you need jesus or a d*MN exorcism. None of which I can help you with.
Agreed. There was simply no excuse in the world for what guadalupe said. Even that weak one about being from a racist country.
King, I expect Agagond will delete these, that’s why I intend to have fun while it lasts….
Yes, I know.
Poor Abagond will need his dustbin and broom.
*By the way Abagond, when you make do your inevitable clean sweep though here, feel free to delete my comments within the “void of Spanish insults” also. Otherwise they will not make sense anyway.
on Mon Apr 21st 2014 at 08:06:55 sami parkkonen
Well, once upon a time even finns were not white enough for USA. Heres a bit from Wikipedia:
“The earliest Finnish immigrants, colonialists who were Swedes in the legal sense and perhaps spoke Swedish, and settled in the Swedish colony, were supposed to have assimilated into the British culture quickly.[12] More recent Finns were on several occasions “racially” discriminated[13] and not seen as white, but “Asian”. The reasons for this were the arguments and theories about the Finns originally being of Mongolian instead of “native” European origin due to the Finnish language belonging to the Uralic and not the Indo-European language family.[14]
On January 4, 1908, a trial was held in Minnesota about whether John Svan and several other Finnish immigrants would become naturalized United States citizens or not, as the process only was for “whites” and “blacks” in general, and district prosecutor John Sweet was of the opinion that Finnish immigrants were Mongols. The judge, William A. Cant, later concluded that the Finnish people may have been Mongolian from the beginning, but that the climate they lived in for a long time, and historical Finnish immigration and assimilation of Germanic tribes (Teutons)—which he considered modern “pure Finns” indistinguishable from—had made the Finnish population one of the whitest (fairest) people in Europe. If the Finns had Mongol ancestry, it was distant and diluted. John Svan and the others were made naturalized US citizens, and from that day on, the law forbid treating Finnish immigrants and Americans of Finnish descent as not white.[15][16]
In the beginning of the 20th century, there was a lot resentment from the local American population towards the Finnish settlers because they were seen as having very different customs, and were slow in learning English. Another reason was that many of them had come from the “red” side of Finland, and thus held socialist political views.”
on Mon Apr 21st 2014 at 09:37:30 v8driver
unfortunately, ms guadalupe, doesn’t get it, in the usa most white people would consider her, per federal guidelines of course, racially defined ‘hispanic’, and of late, ethnicity could be ticked off ‘white’ — i am not sure on the history of that particular development of the byzantine categorization process; however, ya latina, that makes it even more twisted, her little rant here, that’s the kind of thing gets your teeth knocked out talking like that in public, but we’re all safe behind our computer screens right?
on Mon Apr 21st 2014 at 10:27:32 abagond
I deleted every comment by Linda and Guadalupe Victoria from 2:20 onwards and some of Sharina’s too, for use of insulting language and comments not in English. See Kiwi’s comments to get an idea of what went on as it relates to the topic of the post.
on Mon Apr 21st 2014 at 10:41:17 Bulanik
Kiwi said, in reference to Guadalupe’s comments to Linda:
But even then, there would still be no reason to call her “perra”, “negra sucia y rastrera”, “ugly nigg´r”, or “negrita”.
You made your views towards blacks crystal clear when you stated, “if i were black i d killed myself”.
Gracious me. I never thought it would go there after I turned off my laptop…
on Mon Apr 21st 2014 at 10:59:10 Kwamla
Ahh… You’ve taken out all the interesting bits! Now where is the fun in that Abagond? I agree with Kiwi. I’d be interested to know the dirty racial insults a typical white Argentina might feel threatened to use…before it goes in the bin of course!
Agree with you there, Mr Kwamla. 😀
Yes, I understand what you mean! 😀
I saw some of this from my Ecuadorian and Colombian foster children in England. Also, because I have family in Florida, I came to hear and see the Hispanic culture there (mostly Cubano of course) in shops, the hairdressers, restaurants, malls… the latinidad.
I quickly got used to their truly ghastly “racial lens”, and got a sense of their blind-spots, the inferiority around white people, desperateness to be white combined with a violent (self)hatred of African blackness and indigenous-Americana. And then because one of the foster children was part-Chinese, that opened up another dimension…
I’d watch sometimes as the Colombianos they socialized with (Calenos at that, from the Caribbean coast!) would spout out that they were “Italian” if someone white asked them what they were. Oh, funny, funny!
Who did they think they were fooling!
Because, the same white people they told would later say to me: “But those people look definitely bit mixed race and Aztec-y..”
Yes, Aztech-y. Haha.
Even the Argentinians we knew didn’t look like “standard white” all the time/ They looked like a hodge-podge of different Europeans, and I would sometimes hear a “dark” Latina say to an Argentinian:
“Too blonde, you are tooooo dark for so much blonde, it looks funny…”
Answer: “My grandmother was German! I can be extra-blonde if I like!”
Linda, when I say “Caribbean coast”, the individuals I am speaking of were all descended, or partly descended, from families originally from the north of the country.
I know someone who worked and travelled in Latin America a lot, and she asked some local friends in Argentina why countries like Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay tended to be more economically prosperous than neighboring countries like Bolivia, Paraguay, and Peru. They responded along the lines of, “Oh, well that’s easy. We don’t have any indigenous people!”
Hmm, that sounds about right. You will hear this, too:
“Argentina doesn’t have a racism problem, because we don’t have any indigenous or blacks.”
I’m surprised about Argentinians believing that Chile does not lots of indigenous people. But…then again, I am not sure if being informed is a priority among white Argentines, really.
Anyway. Most, but not all, Chileno/a I’ve met are mestizo, even the most “Spaniard-white” looking ones. There was even one apparently white-looking family I met who said they were of recent African descent, too. The mother said that blacks were a minority in Chile, but not as small or insiginificant as publicised, and they had traditionally settled in the far north of the country, at the port of Arica. The Chilean Chinese settled there as well.
(A number of Chilean students, business people, artisst, academics settled in the UK following the Allende/Pinochet political upheavals in Chile, so Chileans are fairly well-known in parts of the UK.)
Talking of “No Racism in Argentina”. South Asians from England that have been to Bueno Aires come back and say how untrue that is!
There was a brief report about a couple of years ago on UK tv.
And, the white Argentina are not that fond of East Asians in their country either, here’s a little graffiti (not too rare, it seems) telling the Chinese to get out: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_fZWs49bl0EM/Rq-sO1mBWkI/AAAAAAAAAR4/g9lQB816qao/s400/DSC01700.JPG
Taken from this blog:http://www.discoshawn.com/2007/07/there-is-no-racism-in-argentina.html
From reading some of what the South and East Asian visitors say about Argentina on that blog, Guadalupe’s responses to Linda are probably characteristic of many of her countrymen.
Your source said:
the Finnish people may have been Mongolian from the beginning, but that the climate they lived in for a long time, and historical Finnish immigration and assimilation of Germanic tribes (Teutons)—which he considered modern “pure Finns” indistinguishable from—had made the Finnish population one of the whitest (fairest) people in Europe…
When I first encountered Finns (in London) they seemed to 2 kinds: ones who were indistinguishable from the the fairest Swedes and others that I can only describe as blond and blue-eyed East Asians. I wasn’t in a hurry to call them “white people”! 😀
I see what you mean that when you said the Swedes regard (or once regardd) the Finnish people as a Mongol nation!
@bulanik:
No wonder the old eurovision song Tsingis Khan was a big hit Finland too 😀
@Sami
Very interesting. Even more so today people seem to be knocking themselves down to claim individuals as white, even though at one time they were not.
on Mon Apr 21st 2014 at 13:49:21 Herneith
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Argentine#Africans_in_the_Formation_of_Argentina
Okay chum.
Maybe so, but there are plenty of ‘whites’ with African blood in their veins. Perhaps many are aware of this, maybe many aren’t, maybe you are one of these African descended people? In any case due to white supremacy, many descendants subsumed this part of their heritage.
Well this Guadalupe Victoria exchange has been quite instructive.
We began with the statement that there were no Black people in all of Argentina. Or at least, there had not been until very recently in then in very small numbers.
Yet, when the opportunity presented itself, Guadalupe Victoria seemed to have quite a long list of ready-made insults prepared specifically for the very people who (according to her) don’t even exist in her country! Pray tell, who does she use these names on when she’s not on Abagond? And where would she have even heard them enough to have them so readily available?
But then, she did say that a few Africans and Caribbean’s had immigrated to Argentina. But when you look at the numbers in the United states, the Africans and Caribbean self-selecting populations are among the most successful and highly-motivated groups of immigrants in the country, often even outperforming Asians (taken as a single block demographic). So why would she have such degrading names for those kind of people?
This little demonstration gives the lie to the brainless theories floated by Da Jokah and others, that racism is really only a just a reaction to Black dysfunction and pathology. You can clearly see that even in its declared absence, the racism doesn’t miss a beat. 🙂
But, don’t you know that Argentina does not have a racial problem because there are no indigenous and blacks to make one?!
Those people only CREATE racial problems for the good and fun-loving people of Argentina.
on Mon Apr 21st 2014 at 14:17:55 B. R.
“Who does she use these names on when not on Abagond?”
Guadalupe specifically mentioned Uruguayans as “black”.
unlike in Uruguay where you can see many descents from black slaves,
Sharina nobody say anything to Linda who blatantly insulted me? INCREDIBLE
I’ll say something about it; Carry on Linda!
Looks likely that the particular ideology, racist ideology, of the Argentines was put together by Domingo Faustino Sarmiento.
He was behind the deliberate extermination of the country’s black population and continuing denial of Argentina’s non-white roots.
It seems he laid it all down in his book: “Facundo: Civilization and Barbarism”, from what the Wiki article about the book explains, “it’s a blueprint for modernization, and the dichotomy between savagery and civilization was explained. It doesn’t mentioned the black population, but I believe he already had plans to wipe them out without writing about his intentions to do so.
In linking Europe with civilization, and civilization with education, Sarmiento conveyed an admiration of European culture and civilization which at the same time gave him a sense of dissatisfaction with his own culture, motivating him to drive it towards civilization..
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facundo
This little demonstration gives the lie to the brainless theories floated by Da Jokah and others, that racism is really only a just a reaction to Black dysfunction and pathology. You can clearly see that even in its declared absence, the racism doesn’t miss a beat.”
Very true… because when I pressed for her to tell me her personal reasons as to “why she did not realize that black people already lived in Argentina” since she said Argentina Never had black people until recently — she became upset and Rude.
(loose translation of what Gaudalupe said to me in Spanish, right after I told her commenting in Spanish was against in blog rules)
“ because black people in Argentina were exterminated! You come from a country with dirty black and mestizo people, that’s why you care –Bye b’tch
She could have said anything like, such as “I come from a small village” or “I don’t consider triguena to be “black” — not a stretch to imagine since Argentina had a trigueno public health minister, Ramón Carilio, who looked white but he admitted his African heritage.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Carrillo
I thought she might have been serious until she started quoting Wikipedia and then became rude — she did not know anything about Argentine history (or Argentina itself) until Bulanik told her — so, as usual, we had another typical white racist troll with an agenda trying to stir up hate.
I think Abagond should have left her response to me in Spanish on the board — it truly showed who she was– and how she felt about black, Amerindian, and mestizo/ mixed-race people
Oh trust me, Hernieth, I carried on and lit a bon-fire under her….
I really wanted to do it in Spanish and Patois but then everyone would have missed the show 🙂
I thought the girl was serious and slightly confused, so I thought I was helping her out with my statement to you… whelp, so much for trying to assist, when it’s just a white racist troll on the prowl.
As for racism in Argentina, I have met many Argentine people who were proud of their “white” European lineage of course, but they don’t think Argentina is any more racist than any other white majority country.
Indeed, Argentina white-washed their history, so I would say most people are ignorant of the historical facts concerning black/African people. I’ve heard about their stereotypes and micro-agressions against dark skinned people.
The term “Cabecita negra” means little black head and this is used against people with “dark” skin and black hair ie Indios or anyone who is considered poor from working class neighborhoods.
From what I understand of the situation, in Buenos Aires, there is definitely a love-hate relationship with the people from Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, Bolivia – many people from these countries move to Buenos Aires for jobs —
so I would say, Argentines are xenophobic against foreigners and there is prejudice against “Indios” (Native Americans), mestizos and stereotypes against black people
and funny enough, they also use the term “Gringo” in a derogatory way against north Americans or English speaking white people.
The Argentine people definitely promote the myth that Argentina is a “white” country but the Indians and Black people who lived there before mass immigration in the early 1900’s had to go somewhere —
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2009/12/how-argentina-became-white/
How Argentina became white
“In contrast to Mexico, which is self-consciously a synthetically a “mestizo” nation which conceives of itself as a cultural and biological synthesis between European and native, I think it is fair to portray Argentineans as a settler society of Europeans in their self-image. As I have said before, this mythos goes a bit too far.
Since Argentina was a mixed-race society before mass immigration, as long as the roots of any given individual goes back to the period before mass immigration than it is likely that they will have some non-European ancestry.
We investigated the bio-geographic ancestry of Argentineans, and quantified their genetic admixture, analyzing 246 unrelated male individuals from eight provinces of three Argentinean regions
Argentineans carried a large fraction of European genetic heritage in their Y-chromosomal (94.1%) and autosomal (78.5%) DNA, but their mitochondrial gene pool is mostly of Native American ancestry (53.7%); instead, African heritage was small in all three genetic systems (<4%).
The median Argentinean probably has enough indigenous ancestry (Native American Indian) to qualify as a Native American tribal member in the United States by the rules of blood quantum (on the order of 20-25%).
As for the African lineages, the proportions are small, but one could envisage scenarios whereby slave women have mixed-race children, and for whatever reason their sons marry out and reproduce to a greater extent than their daughters. This would eliminate African mtDNA from the population, but maintain the total ancestral contribution"
So apparently, the native Indian and African slaves people went into the Argentinean artery and veins.
There is a huge rivalry between Argentina and Brazil, and some Argentinians dont hesitate to use racist terms at Brazilians
The indiginous mix is much more than the Afro diasporic mix in Argentina….much larger
That’s the way it worked in the America’s, Kiwi…. in south, central, and the Caribbean
The Spaniards did not bring their women to the Americas in the beginning and they had no qualms about procreating with Native Indian and African women.
Once European women started arriving, there was a shift in the paradigm of course — but countries like Argentina and Chile did not truly “whiten” up until mass immigration in the early 1900’s.
and to some extent, you will see a similar situation in north America. If you look at the genetic DNA of some African American men, their Y chromosomes will also go back to Europe… .
http://www.ebony.com/life/dr-rick-kittles-breaks-down-dna#.U1WtJM9OXcs
“We also look at the Y chromosome DNA, which is a history of the male lineage in the family. There are DNA patterns that are specific to Africans: For instance, there’s what we call a Y chromosome alu polymorphism [YAP] that is found just in West Africa, and is definitive for West African ancestry.
But the most interesting thing is, when we look at most African-American men, upwards of thirty five percent of their Y chromosomes don’t go back to Africa; but to Europe!“
that was the way of the world during colonial times
on Tue Apr 22nd 2014 at 00:22:44 Bulanik
THANK YOU for that that last link from about the genetics of Argentina.
Very revealing.
But I wonder, did it go far enough?
In making transnational comparisons, I feel that that link made the same error of RACIAL AMNESIA that seems to plague population assessments of Spanish-speaking South America by totally marginalizing and excluding the black populations, whilst rightly highlighting the contribution of indigenous ancestry in those nations.
It seems to take with one hand, and take away with the other.
For instance, this part:
“In contrast to Mexico, which is self-consciously a synthetically a “mestizo” nation which conceives of itself as a cultural and biological synthesis between European and native, I think it is fair to portray Argentineans as a settler society of Europeans in their self-image. As I have said before, this mythos goes a bit too far…”
Mexico has a known black population of 5%. So, it seems they are obviously outside the cultural and biological synthesis! although it’s well-known that Africans were:
–an essential feature of Mexicos early economic growth,
–worked in urban professions,
–developed and cultivated farmland,
–provided skilled labour in the silver mines,
–workedon cattle ranches and sugar plantations,
–created Jarocho music — made famous throug the song “La Bamba” — all AFRICAN in origin.
Plus, recent studies* have also shown African contributions to cuisine, marriage customs, medical practices, architecture, and language (the Mexican f-verb chingar coming from Angola).
And, if the white-washing trend we have observed throughout the Americas is anything to go by, that 5% of the population could be somewhat higher as many white or mestizo Mexicans do not know they are of Afro-Mexican origin, or do not say they are, leading to the trivilization and denial of African contribution to Spanish-speaking America that we are all too familiar with… (http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=4455&tmpl=printpage)
Linda, contd.
Historian Marco Polo Hernández Cuevas sees it differently, and puts the true figure of Mexicans of African-descent at between 55%-85%. He says:
t’s estimated that over 300,000 enslaved Africans were brought to Mexico during the colonial period, producing millions of offspring. Many of the major leaguers of the Mexican liberation movement were black themselves. The last two top commanders of the movement, José María Morelos and Vicente Guerrero, as well as a significant number of other leaders and troops have now been identified as mulattoes pardos.
Even the Spanish conquistadors brought African heritage with them, as descendants of the Iberians and the Moors of northern Africa who occupied Spain during the medieval era, said Hernández. The modern Spanish language still contains over 4,000 Arabic words.
[Mexicans] are African on [their] Spanish side, and African on [their] African side…as much African… as … Amerindian or European…
The Black Virgin — a representation of Virgin Mary with dark skin common throughout Spain, France and Mexico – is one example of African cultural influences….the battle commemorated by the national holiday of Cinco de Mayo was fought by African Mexican “maroons.”
His book describes how Mexican cultural leaders have rejected this African heritage, choosing instead to “whiten” Mexican literature, film and popular culture from 1920 to 1968, a period described as the “cultural phase of the Mexican Revolution.
* http://losafrolatinos.com/2012/12/09/exploring-mexicos-african-heritage-with-dr-marco-polo-hernandez/
The article said something that got me thinking:
blockquote> As for the African lineages, the proportions are small, but one could envisage scenarios whereby slave women have mixed-race children, and for whatever reason their sons marry out and reproduce to a greater extent than their daughters. This would eliminate African mtDNA from the population, but maintain the total ancestral contribution”
Whatever reason…this I would like to know! 😀
It just goes to show that although research is at least being done, it is nowhere near complete.
What is the reason for this “Directional mating”? I don’t know if that is the right phrase for it, but it leaves me wondering what happened and how come.
Was the reason some kind of pattern of patrilocality, some unexplained migration, a bottleneck of some kind? It’s almost like the work has only started…
To go back to Uruguay (a country hardly ever, ever mentioned anywhere, lol).
In European accounts of Uruguayan society in the 1800s, a typical family structure was a frequency of Spaniish men and Indigenas with large numbers of children.
Yes, Spanish women were scarce, and European immigrants were overwhelmingly male at the start.
That sounds harmless enough, and makes sense. But, a detail is missing — what about the Indigenous men? It’s easy to skip over that.
In the case of Uruguay, the indigenous men (the Charrua) had indeed been killed off in massacres and the surviving women and children enslaved.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charr%C3%BAa_people
on Tue Apr 22nd 2014 at 01:20:03 Pay it Forward
“[…] but one could envisage scenarios whereby slave women have mixed-race children, and for whatever reason their sons marry out and reproduce to a greater extent than their daughters. This would eliminate African mtDNA from the population, but maintain the total ancestral contribution […]”
Yes, this is true as mitochondrial DNA is passed only through the mother to ALL her offspring, whereas Y-DNA is passed only from the father but to his MALE children only (daughters obviously do not have have the Y chromosome, and would have to get that type of genetic info through the DNA testing of their father, a full brother, a paternal uncle or grandfather et cetera).
If, then, men who were mixed race / Black on their maternal side were to reproduce to a greater extent than their own mixed race sisters, and if they reproduced only with white women, it is the mtDNA of those white women which will continuously be passed down in far greater numbers through consequent generations.
African genetic heritage, however, might still remain generations later in the autosomal DNA, and might be revealed through DNA testing, even in trace amounts.
For “whatever reason” in this case basically means that the reason for such an occurrence is unimportant for the purposes of said postulation / suppostion.
In the theory of the Mitochondrial Eve their is the belief that there most probably was other possible mtDNA donors, but for whatever possible reason, their mtDNA was not passed down, leaving only mtDNA Eve’s in evidence.
King said this after Guadalupe’s racist comments:
…when the opportunity presented itself, Guadalupe Victoria seemed to have quite a long list of ready-made insults prepared specifically for the very people who (according to her) don’t even exist in her country! Pray tell, who does she use these names on when she’s not on Abagond? And where would she have even heard them enough to have them so readily available?
And you made this observation:
You’re right about the “love-hate” thing, but Guadalupe was nation-specific about Uruguay. Could it be more than economics? After all the population of Uruguay is small and mostly white. A small country, with a small black population. But for all its smallness, it might be particularly irritating for a reason. Like Argentina, Uruguay is not conventionally thought of as part of the African diaspora, in fact, it’s rarely, if ever, mentioned at all, and ignored.
Back in 1925, the year Uruguay celebrated 100 years of becoming a Republic, El Libro del Centenario del Uruguay went so far as to explicitly deny cultural influence from any group outside of Europe, apparently:
“Uruguay is populated by the white race, totally of European origin.”
That sounds just like something an Argentinian would say…
The 2 countries share a fair bit in common, originally both being part of the Viceroy of Rio de la Plata, with Bueno Aires as the capital city and Uruguay, a province. They share linguistic, cultural and economic ties, not just similar European heritage.
But there are important differences that have struck me after I heard a talk by George Reid Andrews on the national culture of Uruguay>>
Linda, contd:
According to him, at one time :
Afro-Uruguayans created the most active (on a per capita basis) black press anywhere in Latin America. Between 1870 and 1950 black journalists and intellectuals published at least 25 newspapers and magazines in Montevideo and other cities. This compares to between 40 and 50 black-oriented periodicals during the same period in Brazil, where the black population is today some 400 times larger than Uruguay’s; and 14 in Cuba (black population twenty times larger than Uruguay’s).
Unlike Argentina, the Uruguayan black population seems to have somehow made its mark on mainstream society one way or another, despite ingrained and widespread anti-black racism in Uruguay. Even under these conditions, the black population were far more literate than their counterparts in Latin America. Who knows, but could they have been comparatively more literate than many white Argentines in comparative social strata at that time?
I don’t whether it’s possible that this makes Afro-Uruguayans appear “uppity” in the eyes of white Argentina.
There is also another difference between Argentina and Uruguay.
George Reid Andrews also says the culture of Afro-Uruguayans has been embraced, body and soul, by the white majority, to the point where “white people get to be black”. Then, as now, they get to immerse themselves in Candombe and Tango, take great pleasure in dressing up and acting out beloved stereotypes about black people’s “nature”, such as natural rhythm, supposed hypersexuality, connection to magic…and, even wear blackface.
It’s so much a part of white Uruguayan national consciousness, he says, that “the white influx into comparsas is now pushing down wages for black drummers”. (comparsa=musical band).
I wonder whether Argentina’s whites long for the privilege of expressing and defining themselves so openly using black artforms?
The author does report that Afro-Uruguayans aren’t best pleased with their racial caricaturisation or what seems like a white obsession with African dance and music as a national expression. It has nothing to undo racial inequality.
However, I can only speculate on how the 2 countries could regard one another.
(From: “Blackness in the White Nation: A History of Afro-Uruguay”)
(http://www.amazon.com/Blackness-White-Nation-History-Afro-Uruguay-ebook/dp/B0042X9O8K/ref=la_B001IODP9K_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1398132806&sr=1-2)
on Tue Apr 22nd 2014 at 05:44:56 gatobranco1
Concerning Argentina, I have once read a Russian publication about that country where it was claimed that in the end of 18 century about 30 percent of the Agerntinian population of the time(less than 1 million people) could have been black. The rest were mostly Spanish-Native American mestizos, only small group were white(criollos) but probably even these had at least some Native American ancestors. So that Argentina before the beginning of the mass migration of Europeans(somewhere about 1860- 1870) was not really different from other countries of the continent.
And by the way, the Argentinian gaucho poem “Martin Fierro” quite often mentions “morenos” which was the name given to black people in Agentina.
How Egyptians looked 2000 BP
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fayum_mummy_portraits
on Tue Apr 22nd 2014 at 08:33:16 B. R.
Where I live is a huge destination for Argentinians and people from Uruguay , the Argentinians come in bus loads, and their is a season for the Uruguaians..these are more blue collar people the elites go to Rio….
The Uruguaians always have some phenotype black people among them and the Argentinians rarely have phenotype black people .They both have many people with phenotype indiginous indian looks .The Candombe carnival celibrations in Uruguay, have many black neighborhoods drum corps. Uruguay has way more phenotype Afro descendants than Argentina
A person from Argentina, Buenos Aires , who has some Afro descendancy but is not overly phenotype Afro looking , is a guy like soccar player Tevez…he played in Brazil, and they did a back ground bio report on him and they said he came from a poor neighborhood with a violent reputation , and when they showed shots from there, you could see the people were a little darker than average . still no heavy phenotype Afro representation, but , Afro descendant traits . They even went into the origins of his victory dance after his goals and how it was a dance from that neighborhood.
The Tango was influenced by the Cuban Habanera , and they say from Uruguay as well as Argentina…for sure , Uruguay could have an Afro influence on Tango
But Tango has other influences that are stronger than the Afro influence…many times , the flow is interupted by retards, or stops…very anti groove when that happens. It is one example of many in Latin America , where there is some Afro influence, but it is diminished. There are other anomolies in Gaúcho culture that have Afro referances but mostly done by white people. Something done with two hard balls on a rope that they swing very percusivly in 6/8 Afro sounding cadance, and a rhythm they play on a drum called bumbalagueiro
Brazil is so much more Afro descendant. There are huge amounts of dominant Afro diasporic expresions, actualy varying from big city to big city, like they were a country onto themselves…huge varieties of Afro diasporic beats and dances and huge varieties in how mixtures of people in the Americas played out, if not all the examples…fewer workers from Índia were brought to Brazil, where Guyana to the north has lots of people whose ancestors were brought from India
@ Pay it Forward
I haven’t the foggiest about studies like that, so thank you for shedding light on them.
on Sat Apr 26th 2014 at 02:31:52 TheSocialCentre.WordPress.com
Your white teachings about JudaeanHebrews as white,regardless of self described wanna be Jews is not in syche with genographics!
check genographic nation on Patrilineal JudaeaoGerman mid east roots!
Check out my SocialHandle.WordPress.com on my SocialHumanRace.WordPress.com It is probably Also SocialKin.WordPress.com! You will find the Genographic National Geographic testing shows comparable kinship of JudaeaoGerman,Yiddish Ashkenezim with both Mediterranean JudaeanHebrew,SephardicJews and as comparable with PalestineArabs’ patrilineage! If you want to sharpen up on your Lebanese war material, you might want to check out the Genographics on the Maronites as well as the pages showing each of the countries of the Mid east North African Mediterranean! I advise you to free your mind from the old radical militant affinity to the ArabistEmpireRacist genocidal perps, raping and genocidal destroying of Darfur, Sudan as well as the SudanArab war on South Sudan Blacks, Black lives and Black social culture! That is, as you obsess over the Angloes’ old hat, worn out standard , not new at all, stuff! With the exception of your great 1949 Blues,Rock n Roll first rate music! You need a refresher brother! The term Sudani means Black, while Bidani means white, from the Arabic self described labeling of Arabist Empire conquest, enslaving Africa! Meanwhile PLO definition of Patrilineage, as the defining property, to identify Arab nationality, particularly the PalestineArab centre of ArabEmpire nationalism, places JudaeaoGerman Patrilineage, right smack dab in the centre of PalestineArab common rooted kinship! Last but not least, on the ArabEmpire conquest over JudaeanHebrew,Zion,Israel, the Mediterranean, North African South West Asian, JudaeanHebrew roots, are as PalestineArab rooted, as any PalestineArab Man Woman or child! Meanwhile you do not distinguish between the Zanzibar Black Swahili,Bantu Non Arabs and the minority ArabistAryan mixed ruling apartheid minority! The Zanzibar White Arabists can be as white as Freddy Mercury of the rock group Queen, remember?
PalestineArabs are kin to SudanArabs, a mix of ArabEmpire conquering invaders, over non Arab country! So the Patrilineal roots of Arabist men, Arabized the native first nation, matrilineal pool of JudaeanHebrew and AramaicCanaanite geneologic roots! This same pattern happened all across the ArabistEmpire, conquered Africa and South West Asian, Mediterranean countries! So now, you have First nation AramaicAssyrian-AramaeanSyriac, occupied by Arabizing, ArabistEmpire patrilineage! The same goes for Nubian, Darfur, Beja and Kordofan-Nuba Nile and Saharan Blacks, occupied by ArabistEmpire patrilineage! That is the reason self described White Bidani Arabist Patrilineage, calls them selves white, while their Arabist gulf brothers call them ABEED FOR BLACK SLAVE, FROM THE SAME ROOT WORD AS SERVANT OF ALLAH ABDUL! So you might be interested to learn that MauritanianArabist Bidani whites, also call their Black subordinates, Sudanis and Abeeds! The Fulani Free Blacks, never enslaved, are still third or fouth class due to their not speaking the standard HASSANIA Arabic,te HassaniaArabs trace their patrilineage back to the Arabian peninsula! Fulanis do speak the Koranic Classical Arabic THAT ALL EDUCTAED MUSLIM BLACK NON ARABS SPEAK! But that Islamic scholarly Koranic Arabic does not earn the SudaniFulanis the respect of the demeaning ArabistEmpireApartheid occupiers of Mauritania, any more than Darfur Muslim non Arabs! Instead the Fulanis have been gradually organizing, no thanks to the USA militant radical Black Progressives! Mostly, if at all no help or attention comes from the Jew haters of the militant radical alleged Black nationalist, activism leaders, in positions of influence like your site!
on Sat Jun 21st 2014 at 07:36:56 Mihai
Because jews are white. *retard face*
on Sat Jun 21st 2014 at 16:54:53 Kotkoda (@kotkoda)
What does your map really show??? Your data range from 1921 to 2014 and from more to less reliable sources such as the US census or wikipedia. Also, which census did you use for the US numbers ? 2010? Did you use “white only” numbers? If so why?
I really don’t know how to interpret your map. Sorry to say but it makes no sense.
on Sun Jun 22nd 2014 at 06:00:37 Paul
The truth is as can be discerned from some of the comments and the map is that in many cases white is more state of mind than color of skin. In a lot of cases it’s social and financial and can be taken to mean ” I’m better than whoever is nonwhite.”
on Sun Jun 22nd 2014 at 16:42:17 abagond
@ Kotkoda
The numbers for the US are from 2010. It includes white Hispanics since otherwise I would find myself saying there are no white people in Latin America, which I think is nuts.
The Wikipedia numbers almost always come from government figures.
Only one country uses numbers from before like 2006 and that is Mexico.
on Sun Jun 22nd 2014 at 19:49:04 Joghn
What is the purpose of such a map? It seems like the same sort of thing eugenicists publish. What is the goal of publishing racial demographic maps?
on Mon Jun 23rd 2014 at 01:55:29 abagond
@ Joghn
I made he map because I wanted to know.
on Mon Jun 23rd 2014 at 03:49:23 drukermeister
It looks like you didn’t do your homework. Per Wikipedia, Mizrakhi and Sefardi Jews constitute about 2,721,000. The vast, vast majority of them are from other Middle Eastern and North African countries. So, they should be considered non-white. (Unless, of course, you’re using one-drop-of-white-blood for them.)
Ethiopian Jews constitute another 130,000. So, together that would make 2,851,000 non-white Jews. Add to that 1,688,600 Palestinians residing within Green Line. That makes a total of 4,539,600. Out of total population of 8,134,100.
That makes Israel about 55.81% non-white or about 44.19 white. So, Israel should be two shades lighter, if I understood your color scheme correctly.
@gatobranco1
Thanks, interesting portraits. I have never seen them before. It’s funny, but to me they look like modern Armenians/Georgians/Jews. (I have met Armenians and Georgians live as I was born in the former USSR.)
@ drukermeister
It looks like you did not read the post. According to the definition of “white” that I used all Jews are considered white.
My definition is not perfect, I admit. It is at best an approximation. But I needed something that was easy to apply uniformly across the whole world based on the information available in 2014. I tried different definitions. This one created the fewest paradoxes. Yours, for example, would apparently see Ralph Nader as non-white and Steve Jobs as half-white.
No, I did read the post. I just think it’s ridiculous, considering that you defined the surrounding Arabs/Middle Easterners among whom the majority of these Jews have lived for centuries as non-white. But, I guess, when you have an agenda to follow, why care about reality or even consistency?
on Mon Jun 23rd 2014 at 14:45:24 Kartoffel
If you read the map as a map of how americans view the world It’s perfectly viable. The inconsitencies are due to the inconsitent american view of race, it’s blurred borders.
@Kartoffel
I see what you mean and would even agree with you re: Americans’ view. The map does resemble that, but the issue then is two-fold. 1. As I understood it, the map is, at least partially, based on self-identification, in which case Americans’ views don’t matter, and 2. even if we get past 1, the map would need to lose internal boundaries for Canada, Russia, etc.
You can make insulting insinuations or maybe you could give me a better definition of white that I can apply consistently to the whole world with available information. I tried different ones. This was the one that I found to work best in practice, consistently.
on Wed Jun 25th 2014 at 20:02:14 Race Relations | Clarita Bombita
[…] Village in Chicago, a predominantly Latin@ neighborhood, to Costa Rica which according to this map https://abagond.wordpress.com/2014/04/11/the-map-of-white-people/ is 75-100% made up of white people. It is the only country in the region that is predominantly […]
on Sat Jun 28th 2014 at 18:07:31 Joghn
You made the map because you wanted to know what? Racial demography?
on Sun Jul 6th 2014 at 16:50:08 Njujorkezi
This map is wrong in so many levels. Albanians and other Muslims in Balkans are white, but I see you have problem with the religion. Second, if Albanians, Bosniaks are not white, are Israelis and Armenians white ? Lol.
@ Njujorkezi
By all means, suggest a more workable definition of what white is.
on Fri Jul 25th 2014 at 07:38:22 Person of Candor
Ha ha. You have a tumblr account don’t you Abagond.
on Sat Jul 26th 2014 at 02:20:59 limelite
Around 1900, the census in South Africa showed that the black to white ratio was around 2:1. Now it’s 10;1. Apartheid sure was real bad for the black population,eh? Maybe you should look again at your ‘before the bad evil white people arrived’ map for South Africa. Oh, and in case you weren’t aware of it, there were no “blacks” in South Africa – they arrived from the north by migration, around the time the whites arrived in Cape Town. Yeah, I know, shocking, right? I mean, you wouldn’t want to appear racist against white people or anything!
Kiwi, I totally agree with. Dude needs a history lesson. But that’s the white fragile ego syndrome that Agabond broke down perfectly.
limelite is definitely “limelight” in the head. His misinformation is from those guys who “discovered” everything. White racists are hilarious.
on Sat Oct 25th 2014 at 00:34:23 Gjirokastriti SHQIPTAR
Albania and Kosovo = grey: 0% to 25% white AHAHAHAH. NICE PROPAGANDA !!
on Fri Jan 16th 2015 at 00:46:13 Chris santana
if you excluded “white hispanics” then why is argentina there. Hispanics are anyone who comes from a SPANISH speaking country, hispanic has nothing to do with race! You yourself said “white hispanic” signifying that they are a person of european decent from a spanish speaking country or background, you said you would not include them because they would not count.. How if they are WHITE hispanics, yet you included argentina in which case you just contradicted yourself, very smart.
on Fri Jan 16th 2015 at 04:20:59 sharinalr
@Chris santana
Where in the post did he say he excluded “white Hispanics”? Plus I believe the map is based on how people identify not so much what he believes they are.
on Fri Jan 16th 2015 at 04:28:05 abagond
@ Chris Santana
I said in the post that I include White Hispanics.
on Fri Jan 16th 2015 at 05:09:42 Anna Stevens
Wow. The funny thing is, if I created a map called “A Map of Colored People” you would get mad because you were lumped together with all the other races, yet you didn’t seem to have a problem doing that to us “Whites”. I would also be blasted as an insensitive racist, but as long as you’re only being racist to people who are not in your lump sum of “white” you don’t seem to care do you? You are insensitive and ignorant and you’ve created this site to find shelter (in your few followers) for your ideals and opinions that are rude to others. You make me sick. You are wasting the hard work that was sacrificed by Civil Rights movements across the world. Oh, but you probably only think that “Civil Rights Movements” happen in America with white people oppressing non-white people. Well you’re wrong. They’re happening everywhere between all types of races not just whites. Get a grip of ACTUAL reality. Go explore the world. I did mission work in Honduras, I was chastised endlessly because they assumed I did not speak Spanish. Yes, I was persecuted for being white. “Stupid gringa doesn’t know we are making fun of her.” “She has ugly hair for a gringa.” Shocker, I know. So wake up and smell the roses. NOT ALL WHITE PEOPLE ARE RACIST. And YOU are being RACIST when you say “whites are always looking down on others.” or even, “white people are so racist.” Because you’re doing exactly what you are accusing “whites” of doing. You are assuming that because my skin is white that I will automatically be racist. It’s funny how that works huh.
And I’m from the Mississippi, where everyone says is SOOOO racist. Guess what, we’ve dealt with it and we’ve put it behind us. And everyone hear (disregarding there race or religion) is SICK AND TIRED of people always assuming everyone here is a racist or insensitive, or (my favorite) “stupid, fat, country people”. Ding ding ding, if you automatically assume that someone from a certain region behaves a certain way or believes a certain thing, YOU ARE BEING RACIST. Just like you grouped entire NATIONS of people onto your “white people map” I have a feeling a lot of people would feel extremely offended by your assumptions. Just like if I said, oh Latinos are darker than white people, I’ll just group them in with black people. That’s not how it works, they are there own people group. Seriously, get it together.
on Tue Feb 24th 2015 at 19:02:53 Speak Out
You’re going to have a hard time finding people in Baja, Sonora, and Chihuahua who “look white” but don’t have dark-skinned parents and/or children. Tourists excepted.
“would apparently see Ralph Nader as non-white”
Ralph Nader was called the n-word by white people growing up. I took his sister’s class and she is brown-skinned and was very supportive of the paper I wrote for her class analyzing the “Hispanic/Latino” racial project and how the U.S. has historically alternated between calling Mexican Americans “Indian” and “white” according to which better serves its interests in particular situations.
on Mon Mar 30th 2015 at 14:30:15 Pλulλ Ⓖ ♏♜ (@PauOrue)
This is the most racist I saw in my life . Please evolve , there is nothing wrong with being black , Indian , mestizo, etc. Every day we delaying us by people like YOU. Greetings from Argentina
on Thu Apr 9th 2015 at 23:02:44 Andrés
on Wed May 27th 2015 at 20:05:45 javier
I’m from Argentina, and the whole north of the country is mostly amerindian. In all the country, the percent of white people is about the 68%, amerindians are about 30% and the rest are black and east Asians (a few).
People whi is called mestizos, are very mixed amerindians (most part) or very mixed whites.
on Wed May 27th 2015 at 22:20:21 biggiefriez
“I thought of using both linguistics and genetics to define “white”. The trouble is that, either way, Iran, Pakistan and much of India would become part of “white”. That was not the sort of white I had in mind.”
I think you’re working too hard Abagond. In my opinion and in my experience as part of the white-European diaspora, most white people who consider themselves the ancestors of the pilgrims, settlers, George Washington, Shakespeare, Kant, Newton, Alfred Nobel, Mozart etc etc and generally of British Isles and northern European descent define whiteness fairly closely to the Nazi model even if only subconsciously. And since these whites are the ones that invented the world order, the philosophical, economic and governmental paradigms we live under and still dominate it for the most part and whose features, languages, and culture are still deemed to be the most desirable and preeminent throughout the world, their definition probably is – definitive. Why invent the wheel?
For your purposes I’d stick with that model and assume anyone who isn’t 100% northern European Anglo-Saxon looking along with the correct names and language isn’t considered fully white by Anglo-Saxons but rather “ethnic white”. Celts may be an exception but I’m not sure. So there is a hierarchy to European whiteness just as there is a hierarchy to race generally, with as you know, blacks at the bottom. Clearly being “ethnic white” isn’t as desirable as being northern European-white which is why some “ethnic whites” seem to display inferiority complexes. You’ve met the type. I recall “Pino” from Do the Right Thing. Ethnic whites hold parades. Parades, special days, parts of town (little this, little that) and other forms of attention seeking are ways people who feel they are not part of the mainstream conversation bring attention to their groups accomplishments and hopefully increase the self-confidence and pride of their members.
Many of the ethnic whites you mention like Greeks, Albanians, Slavs, some southern Italians, Caucasians etc, European looking Persians, Jews are accepted as white on a government census but less so by Anglo-Saxon civil society. Within Anglo-Saxon civil society they are considered “ethnic whites”. Ethnic whites are for the most part the ones you are referring to when you reference the “expansion of whiteness”.
I read that in Europe, Greeks and Italians often face discrimination from northern Europeans. Imagine that.
So whiteness isn’t really so hard to figure out. Just ask the people who decided what whiteness was in the first place, after all, it’s not like any of us get to decide anyway.
on Mon Jun 1st 2015 at 16:43:43 abagond
@ biggiefriez
I thought that that idea of Whiteness – Nordics as the “true” Whites, the rest as “ethnic” Whites – died out in the US in the 1950s, certainly by the 1980s. Rates of intermarriage seem to show that. So does the way the words “race” and “ethnic” have been used from the 1910s to 2010s:
In the 1970s I can remember “ethnic” meaning like Italians or Poles, whereas now in the US it means non-Whites. People use “race” and “ethnicity” almost interchangeably. Likewise, in the early 1900s, many saw Europe as divided into maybe three “races” – Nordic, Alpine and Mediterranean – using skull measurements and everything. Back then Franz Boas could talk about the “race” problem and mean among White people. If you say “the race problem” now in the US, people think you mean Blacks and Whites.
on Thu Jun 25th 2015 at 09:07:15 Omar Ortiz
Northern Mexico have more white population, in the states with light blue you should put medium blue…and in the rest of the border states should be medium blue as well.
For example, the state of Sonora has 65% approx. of white people, and it’s colored with light blue that means less than 50%…I live in Nuevo Leon, and I’m sure that there’s more than 50% of white people here.
on Thu Jun 25th 2015 at 12:44:01 abagond
@ Omar Ortiz
As noted in the post, the numbers for Mexico are way out of date. Can you point me to more recent numbers?
on Tue Jul 21st 2015 at 13:45:54 Marko
Why the hell did you classfiyed Albania as a “grey” country ? Do you think in Albania live black people or what ? Albania is a country with fully white people you ignorant people 1
on Tue Jul 21st 2015 at 18:57:23 Herneith
@Marko:
Better to be grey than psychedelic purple!
on Wed Jul 29th 2015 at 17:28:23 Bess
This makes no sense when you say that Albanians are not WHITE??! Your one retarded Moran
on Wed Jul 29th 2015 at 17:49:52 abagond
@ Bess
Tip: If you are going to call someone a moron, you should check your spelling first.
Calling someone a moron is not an argument. It proves nothing.
on Thu Jul 30th 2015 at 00:36:18 Mz.Nikita
@Abagond, LmaOooo X-D
on Sat Aug 1st 2015 at 14:53:22 drake
the albanians are whiter than greeks you mooron have u seen greek they are all darker than albanian ..albanians are white
on Sat Aug 1st 2015 at 16:42:37 Herneith
What’s ‘mooron’, moron?
In these peoples’ case they would not comprehend the above sentiment.
on Sun Aug 16th 2015 at 22:40:51 Italian man
Hi I would like to speak my mind, sometimes consider someone white. and not in the logic. but one thing geopolitical or cultural. it is true! people Kosovar Albanian and Bosnian and Muslim, but the lifestyle and racial and quite European! I am silly. white label not only someone for religion! it is also true that the same thing in Europe and uses Austalia and happened to Portuguese Italian southern Sicilian and Greek being seen as non-white. as in Europe and also in Italy the Arab populations! only some slightly darker shade of skin. the truth and the real part of the white race from that area that starts from the axis jerusalem-kuwait city up talking for asia, from cairo Casablanca-up to the east from the Urals to Portugal including descendants of those people who colonized the Americas and Australia
on Mon Aug 17th 2015 at 04:04:32 Danish Butter
This is stupid and ignorant. As a muslim, I don’t identify that as my race, and you are only contributing to that problem and know nothing about history.
on Sat Sep 12th 2015 at 23:54:40 ANGETS
I am sorry but Sephardi Jews are NOT whites (so don’t put Israel in dark blue). And Albanians, Bosnians and Macedonians ARE whites.
on Tue Oct 20th 2015 at 19:07:24 DyaniB
Not a good map at all. You forgot South Africa and many other places. Whites are dispersed all over the globe, ALL OVER THE GLOBE.
on Tue Oct 20th 2015 at 21:36:10 abagond
@ DyaniB
I did not forget South Africa at all. I even talked about it in the post.
on Fri Oct 30th 2015 at 16:23:41 mike
Who cares who is White in this day and age when president of USA is black. What most normal people care this days there are only four kind of people that matters: rich, poor, beautiful and ugly.
I mean Russians and Slavs are mostly White and many blond but no one trust them in contrary to for example Japanese and east Asians
on Sat Dec 12th 2015 at 21:43:26 Bllblla
Just that Albanians are muslim they are not white are u stupid? Wow!!!!
on Wed May 25th 2016 at 04:01:03 Mike
soon there will be no more dark blue spots because of immigration and low birth rate of whites.
on Wed May 25th 2016 at 12:22:41 Alan Schlickmann
The map doesn’t take absolute numbers in consideration, only percentage. Absolute numbers can also help to picture a global figure.
The USA has the largest White population on the planet with 223 million Whites. The US is followed by Russia with 146 million people, mostly Whites but Eurasians also included. Germany has 81 million people, France 66, the UK 65, Italy 60 and Spain 46, but those countries are not entirely composed of Whites.
Brazil has the third largest White population in absolute numbers with 89 million European descendants, 10 million Levantine Arabs, mostly Christian Lebanese and Syrians, 162 thousand Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews and 800 thousand Anusim or descendants of colonial Dutch and Portuguese Crypto Jews/Marranos. Brazil is also home to 800 thousand Gypsies or Roma people, mostly Portuguese followed by Baltic and Eastern Europe Gypsies.
Brazil has 42 million Lusitanians or Portuguese people, including 1.5 million Lusitanian citizens, followed by 31 million Italian descendants, 19 million Spanish descendants, 16 million descendants of German-speaking nationalities, i.e., German, Austrian, Luxembourger and Swiss (including 7 million of full German ancestry), Pomeranians and Volga included, 6 million Slavs, mostly Poles, Ukranians, Russians, Belarusians, Croatians, Czech and Slovenes, 1.5 million Dutch descendants, 1 million French descendants, 1 million Scandinavian descendants, mostly Norwegians, 850 thousand Lithuanians and Latvians, 300 thousand Hungarians, 250 thousand British descendants including Charles Miller and Oscar Cox who popularized football in Brazil, 180 thousand White Americans, mostly descendants of 19th century Confederate colonies. American descendants include Pérola (Pearl) Ellis Byington, an accoladed educator, social activist, philanthropist and volunteer for the American and Brazilian Red Cross, Chief Justice of Brazil Ellen Gracie Northfleet, first woman to be appointed to the Supreme Court, and the singer Rita Lee Jones, dubbed “the mother of Brazilian rock’n’roll”. Brazil also has 150 thousand Finnish descendants, 150 thousand Greeks, 40 thousand Armenians and other groups like Georgians, Irish etc. The ethnicities overlap just like in Argentina. São Paulo has the largest absolute number with 30 million Whites and the state of Santa Catarina that is 49% German and Austrian has the highest percentage of whites with 86%. It used to be 95% in the 1940s. São Paulo has the largest number of Italians with 15 million people. The city of São Paulo has the largest number of Jews in the nation, also the largest Japanese diaspora. Brazil has the largest number of Japanese people outside Japan. Peru also has Japanese descendants. The other South American countries also have Chinese and Korean populations, as well as Jewish minorities.
The second most spoken language in Brazil or mother tongue is German or assorted German dialects. The Hunsrückisch dialect from Rio Grande do Sul is called Riograndenser while the local one from Santa Catarina is called Katharinensisch. 4 million people have German as their mother tongue in Brazil and 3.6 million speak Venetian Italian. Polish, Japanese, Ukrainian, Dutch, Lithuanian, Lettish, Norwegian and Russian, Yidish and Hebrew are other immigrant languages.
Argentina has over 20 million Italian descendants and Italian is the second most spoken language in the country. The number of Spaniards is also over 20 million people. Argentina is home to 6 million French descendants, 3 million Germans mostly Volga, 3 million Arabs, almost a million Irish descendants. Che Guevara had Irish ancestors. Argentina is also home to Welsh and Swedish colonies in Patagonia. There are still several Welsh speakers. Chile is home to a large number of British descendants from 19th century immigration who helped during war against Peru and Bolivia. Argentina has the largest number of Jews in Latin America, followed by Brazil. Argentina used to have around 400 thousand Jews but a few thousands moved to Israel.
The entire number of Europeans living in Sub-Saharan Africa is not much higher than 5 million. The majority live in South Africa followed by Angola. South Africa has 4 million Whites including Brits, Dutch, Portuguese and Italian. Several Boers or Boeroes (Afrikaners) migrated to North and South America during the 20th century, including US, Canada, Argentina and Brazil.
Most Whites who lived in Suriname and Guyana left after independence. Brazil received several Dutch Surinamese (or Boeroes)
Whites or Europeans in diaspora are (absolute numbers):
US 223 million;
Brazil 99 million;
Argentina between 39 and 40;
Canada 25;
Australia 20;
Mexico 20;
Colombia 18;
Venezuela 13;
Chile some estatistics say between 6 and 8, others between 8 and 10 million (Chile has 18 million people, a large Castizo population, people who are mostly European DNA with Native assimilation, and around 3 million Natives);
Cuba 7;
South Africa between 3.5 and 4.8 or 5;
Peru 5 million;
Costa Rica 3.5;
New Zealand 3.3;
Uruguay 3.1 (around 90% of Uruguay is White) ;
Puerto Rico 3;
Guatemala 2;
Dominican Republic 2;
Bolivia 2 (including several Mennonite colonies);
Ecuador 1.3;
Paraguay 1.3;
Nicaragua 1 million;
The Falklands (Malvinas) in South America have a population of 2 thousand people with several Welsh and Scottish descendants but also people from France, Gibraltar, Saint Helena, Sweden and Chile. Haiti has a very small White population between 200 and 400 thousand. Belize and Jamaica too. The White population in the Guyanas region does not reach over 60 thousand. French Guiana has the largest number, followed by Suriname.
According to DNA research people identified as Mestizo, Castizo or Caboclo in the Americas (Jessica Alba and Taylor Lautner phenotype) have a span of 70% to 90% European DNA markers with the rest being Native admixture and Mulatto or Black and White mix have a range of 60 to 80% European DNA markers. It was found that some Black people in the US aka African Americans carry Chinese blood from 19th century contact as well as European, while several White Americans carry Native genes and some African too. DNA tests with White phenotype citizens of Australia and New Zealand also showed Aboriginal and Maori blood assimilation as well as Chinese and several White phenotype South Africans have Sub-Saharan blood admixture. DNA tests with French and British Canadians have also showed Indigenous genes assimilation.
@ Mike
White Mormons still have dozens of babies. Mormons are probably the only reason why Whites won’t go extinct Heh heh! Hahaha!
Argentina and Brazil also have a few thousands of Afghans and Iranians.
Some statistics give 23 or 24 million Whites for Mexico.
on Wed May 25th 2016 at 16:24:20 Afrofem
@Alan Schlickmann
White/European descent people are not going “extinct” anytime soon.
According to this 2011 Guardian article, African descent people are the majority in Brazil.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/17/brazil-census-african-brazilians-majority
This comes after concerted efforts by Euro-Brazilians to dilute the African population in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Euro-Brazilians went to far as to encourage immigration from Europe and award idigenous land to the European immigrants as a lure. (Hmmm, where have we heard that story before?)
Alan Schlickmann, you dumped a lot of uncorroborated data in your comments. I would love to see some sources. Links?
*Dutch Surinamese were called Boeroes, while Afrikaners or Dutch South African farmers are called Boeren.
on Wed May 25th 2016 at 21:08:56 Schlickmann
@Afrofem
I think it was pretty obvious I was joking about the fact Mike said Whites were going extinct.
The Guardian is a leftist paper that serves their own populist agenda. It is wrong to count Castizos, Mestizos, Caboclos, Gypsies, Arabs and Eurasians as Black. It is a crime to deprive them of their identity. There are Mestizo and Eurasian groups protesting against that.
http://www.nacaomestica.org/pardo.htm
^ Flavia C. Parra et al., “Color and genomic ancestry in Brazilians”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100 (2003). Second paragraph. Accessed 12 December 2009.
^ Denise R. Carvalho-Silva et al., “The Phylogeography of Brazilian Y-Chromosome Lineages”, American Journal of Human Genetics 68 (2001): 281–286. Accessed 13 December 2009.
^ “Pardo category includes Castizos, Mestizos, Caboclos, Gypsies, Eurasians, Hafus and Mulattoes Cafuzos”. http://www.nacaomestica.org/. 2015. Retrieved 2015-04-15.
The number of Blacks and Mulattoes in Brazil are actually not that higher than the US. The US has 42 million African Americans while Brazil has 56 million Blacks and Black and White miscigenation people. Those figures you mentioned are actually counting all mixed people and non-Whites as Black. The pardo group stands for mixed and includes Castizos, Mestizos, Gypsies and Eurasians. More than half of those counted as Black are actually Mestizo or Castizo and look like Jessica Alba and Taylor Lautner. The Northern region or North-West (Amazon basin area) is actually mostly Castizo, Caboclo and Indigenous with a White minority.
Brazil has 89 million European descendants; 10 million Levantine Arabs, mostly Christian Lebanese; 162 thousand Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews and 800 thousand Anusim, descendants of colonial Dutch and Portuguese Crypto Jews or Marranos.
800 thousand Roma people or Gypsies; 400 thousand Eurasians, mostly Ainoko or hafu, meaning Japanese and European. 2.3 million East Asians and 30 thousand South Asians and East Indians. Most Asians are Japanese. Brazil has 1.8 million Japanese people, 300 thousand Chinese, 50 thousand Taiwanese and 150 thousand Koreans.
Caboclo people are people whose genes span from 70% to 90% European (mostly colonial Portuguese, Dutch, French and Spanish) with the rest being Native blood admixture. In Spanish they use the word Castizo. Brazil has 43 million Caboclos or Castizos/Mestizos. The number of Indigenous people who live in reservations is 500 thousand. 160 thousand people speak speak Indigenous languages. Brazil has 42 million Mulattos and 13 million Blacks. According to DNA research people who identify as Mulatto or Black and White mix have a range of 62 to 80% European DNA markers (colonial Portuguese, Dutch and French) with the other markers being Sub-Saharan African blood assimilation.
Argentina and Uruguay have small Mulatto populations. Peru has a Black minority and Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname and Guyana have a considerable Black and Mulatto population. In French Guiana, Suriname and Guyana there are the Maroon people, formerly called Bush Negroes. Peru also has East Asians and Colombia and Venezuela also received European and Arab immigration. They also have Jewish minorities. Peru and Venezuela have large Chinese populations.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_diaspora
Brazil 55,900,000 including multiracial people, 6.84% (black) + 20.6% (mulatto pardos) Flavia C. Parra et al., http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC140919/#id2601616 Color and genomic ancestry in Brazilians. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100 (2003). Second paragraph.
Denise R. Carvalho-Silva et al., http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1234928/ The Phylogeography of Brazilian Y-Chromosome Lineages
American Journal of Human Genetics” 68 (2001): 281–286. http://www.nacaomestica.org/pardo.htm
Pardo category includes Castizos, Mestizos, Caboclos, Gypsies, Eurasians, Hafus and Mulattoes Cafuzos
USA 42,020,743 including 3,091,424 citing both Black and another race
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Brazilians
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Latin_Americans
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_diaspora
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentines_of_European_descent
on Wed May 25th 2016 at 22:43:45 Sharina
@Schlickmann
You are using 2009 stats to counter 2011 statistically data provided by Afrofem. This does not really support your claim. I will try to respond in depth when I feel like it.
Correction….your source has 2000-2002 data.
on Thu May 26th 2016 at 00:49:53 Afrofem
“It is a crime to deprive them of their identity.”
I see this issue of identity differently.
It did not seem to be a “crime” to deprive African descent people of their identity during centuries of European domination in Brazil and throughout the Americas. To me all of these racial sub-classifications (such as Castizos, Mestizos and Mulattoes) were a way to deny and deprive people of African descent pride in their all parts of their heritage,
their contributions to the greater culture and most importantly, their political power.
The primary reason the Portugeuse and Spanish devised all of these spurious sub-classifications was to create division among people of African descent and antipathy toward Blackness and worship of Whiteness.
It worked for a long time, but in the words of that B.B. King song, the thrill is gone. African Brazilians and “blended” Brazilians, regardless of their degree of African heritage seem to be entering a period of respecting everyone in their family tree, not just the Europeans or the Indigenous members.
That may seem like deprivation to some, but to me, the majority of Brazilians pride and respect in their African ancestry is long overdue.
✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦
Linking to a source in Portuguese such as nacaomestica.org is unhelpful. English language sources are preferable.
Wikipedia, to me, is a source of last resort. With that site, the question of who wrote this article(?) is always topmost in my evaluation of data and conclusions presented in the articles.
All of that being said, thank you for supplying some links. We will have to agree to disagree on what the information you presented means in the lives of Brazilians.
on Thu May 26th 2016 at 01:02:22 Herneith
The white men should be out and about breeding more white women instead of watching porn and masturbating in their mother’s basement. What woman wants to bree with such men?
on Thu May 26th 2016 at 04:14:13 Alan Schlickmann
Wow! How is a person who’s mostly European DNA and partially Native American Black? They identify themselves as Castizo, Mestizo or Caboclo. They don’t have recent Sub-Saharan ancestors. Only if you count 400 thousand years ago. How is an Eurasian Black? Do Americans label Eurasian Keanu Reeves as Black? How is a Roma (Gypsy) individual Black? Is Kate Beckinsale who has Chinese-Burmese ancestors Black? Angelina Jolie has Native American assimilation. Is she Black? Are Jessica Alba and Taylor Lautner deemed as Black?
Are people from New Zealand who are mostly White and partially Maori as well as Canadians with Métis admixture Black people? Would they be African American?
The last census took place in 2010. There are several pdf links provided.
This seems like a trolling using pseudo-leftism to serve your own agenda and justify your own invested interests just like The NY Times and The Guardian overrating or underestimating numbers to fit their agenda.
It is a crime to label Levantine Arabs, Jews, Roma people aka Gypsies, Asians, Eurasians, Mestizos and Indigenous peoples from the Americas as Black.
Mestizo, Castizo and Mulatto are terms that American and Brittish English borrowed from Spanish. That’s the reason I used them.
Brazil is in the Americas. The majority of the people who identify as mixed is Mestizo and Genetic tests showed that they have a span of 70% to 90% European markers with Native American Pre-Columbian admixture. That is the reason why Jessica Alba and Taylor Lautner have the phenotype they have. Other mixed include Gypsies, Eurasians, Mulattos and Cafuzos. The figures are clear you just have to read them.
In 1498 Brazil had 3.2 million Natives. A large percentage died from the flu and smallpox. Brazil received 3.6 million Sub-Saharan Africans as slaves from the 1550s untill the 19th century. 4 million Portuguese migrated to Brazil. 1.5 million between 1951 and 1975. Between the 1820s and 1940s Brazil received another 7 million Europeans, including Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, plus 600 thousand Levantine Arabs and starting in 1908 the country received 270 thousand Japanese people, and later 100 thousand Koreans and 200 thousand Chinese people.
Mixed people descend from settlers from the colonial period.
European descendants, Levantine Arabs, Jews and East Asians descend from 19th century and 20th century immigration during the Imperial and Republican periods. Recent immigration.
It is pretty obvious. Just like the History of Hispanic America, US and Canada.
on Thu May 26th 2016 at 04:51:34 Sharina
Nothing you provided has any recent data to it. On top of that your argument is based solely on how you believe it should be rather than facts presented in your sources. You opinion is people should identify as white because of their mostly European DNA, but fact of the matter is people are often pushed into a category based on a drop of black blood. Pull all the numbers you want, but how a person chooses to identify is up to them not you. That is not pseudo-leftism that is reality.
Re: White Mormons
Many of them suffer from fertility issues, so if you are counting on them to save the white race then you will be counting a long time.
on Thu May 26th 2016 at 04:56:16 abagond
White people have mainly themselves to blame. They are not having enough babies. No one is forcing them to do that. As a consequence, they depend on immigration just to keep their countries going, to make up for the children they did not have.
Also, they screwed up many of the very countries that immigrants come from.
on Thu May 26th 2016 at 05:40:30 Benjamin
Maybe that is why the birthrate in Israel is so high compared to other developed nations. They’re worried that if falls too low, they’ll be forced to rely on (non-Jewish) immigration. And of course they’d never consider that option.
Over 50 percent of Brazilians self identify as African descent people. People who cling to those antiquated racial subcategories and their European cousins are a numerical minority in Brazil.
The blog, Black Women of Brazil, has many fine articles about how this new majority see themselves. This article is instructive: Mulata? Morena? Not anymore!: The power and liberation of recognizing one’s self as black
https://blackwomenofbrazil.co/2014/06/05/mulata-morena-not-anymore-the-power-and-liberation-of-recognizing-ones-self-as-black/
This is how African Brazilians see themselves.
“We are black women! Without (any of) this mulata, parda, moreninha…”
To me, it is a crime to not recognize and celebrate their Blackness.
You also might want to peruse this article: We are empowered black women! We will not whiten ourselves anymore
https://blackwomenofbrazil.co/2015/04/12/we-are-empowered-black-women-we-will-not-whiten-ourselves-anymore/
If they are ready to move beyond antiquated racial subclassifications, perhaps you could consider accepting them as they present themselves—–as proud people of African descent.
on Tue May 31st 2016 at 06:55:24 bruce (@dibran)
My 10 year old daughter can divide race in world map better then you
on Tue May 31st 2016 at 12:36:32 abagond
@ bruce
So where is her map?
on Wed Jun 8th 2016 at 04:33:30 Benjamin
The map of white people was not on the Internet, so I made one.
On the “European Diaspora” page on wikipedia, there is a map of people of European descent. It matches closely to yours but is not identical (it includes the Balkans as White, for example). I wonder if it was influenced by your map or not, since you had not come across a “map of White people” before.
on Wed Jun 8th 2016 at 05:13:18 abagond
@ Benjamin
Seems like it was. It is suspiciously close and even uses shades of blue!
Yes! It was the shades of blue that reminded me of your map. Upon reading further, that map is even more similar to yours than I thought. I guess the creator of that map does NOT consider Muslims in the Balkans to be White after all. I guess the reason they shaded it light blue is to reflect the Christian minorities there.
on Wed Jun 8th 2016 at 09:56:52 jefe
Good catch, Benjamin!
on Thu Jun 9th 2016 at 01:29:55 abagond
I thought I had fixed that. It should be good now. Thanks.
He says he excludes Muslims as “European” since otherwise he would have to count much of South West Asia as European. Same as me.
He counts Ashkenazic Jews as European but not other Jews. I counted all Jews as White, but I agree with him. After all, according to my definition, Ethiopian Jews are “White”. It was never an issue though, since it did not show up on the map.
Where we do disagree and where it does show up on the map is Lebanese Christians. I count them, he does not. He counts Christians in Armenia, but not those in Lebanon or Egypt. He seems to base that on language: Armenians speak an Indo-European language, Arab Christians do not. He does admit that it was an arbitrary decision.
All this confirms for me that all those drive-by commenters who say I am an idiot for not including Albanians have never tried to make a map like this – or even seriously thought about what they mean by “White”. It is just one of those contradictory ideas they complacently base their life on.
The link to his map and commentary:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_diaspora#/media/File:European_Ancestry_Large.svg
on Sat Jun 25th 2016 at 03:25:18 Isaac
Israel is not anymore ‘white’ than Syria, Lebanon, or Iraq. Jews are closest related to northern middle eastern and south caucasian populations. Jews are descended mainly from Hebrews and other mediterranean peoples from Italy and Greece.
In fact, the only significant admixture that Ashkenazi Jews have is italian/greek. Sefaradi Jews also have this admixture and are no darker than many ashkenazi jews. Both groups are more related to each other than to any other populations. Same race.
Plenty of ashkenazi jews look kurdish, armenian, lebanese, or persian. Others look greek or italian or spanish.
And not all sefaradi jews are dark either. Plenty have white skin. They have similar levels of southern european admixture that ashkenazim have.
Mizrahi Jews make up the majority of Israel anyway and are pure hebrew (middle eastern).
Furthermore 1/5 of Israeli citizens are arabs. 20% of the population.
There are many black people that converted to judaism living in Israel, or that descend from black converts and hebrews (ethiopians).
Israelis are no whiter than Assyrians and Kurds (people from northern iraq).
Seriously, there are some really dark ashkenazi jews out there, entire families. Very light sefaradi families too.
You people are so sheltered when it comes to Israel. For years you said Ashkenazi Jews descended from Turkic-Mongol Khazars (epic fail), you were all wrong.
They are a middle eastern/mediterranean hybrid population. Virtually identical to sefaradi jews, and extremely close to mizrahi jews (jews that never migrated to europe).
All autosomal studies and mt-dna studies confirm this.
And of course someone will post a few white skinned ashkenazi jews on here to show how ‘white’ all ashkenazim are which is bs.
Consider this. Judah Benjaim, a sefaradi jew, was the brains behind the southern confederacy. How can you possibly consider him to be a person of color yet consider a darker ashkenazi jew to be white?
Technically anyone from the middle east, north africa, and europe is white/caucasian anyway.
You guys have obviously never seen many sefaradi jews, who are not all brown people. Seriously, there are tons of white skinned jews from Morocco and Algeria and Tunisia.
Plenty of sefaradim from europe are white too. Serbia, Macedonia/Greece, the netherlands, portugal, england, bulgaria.
A prime minister of England was a sefaradi jew, Benjamin d’israeli,, are you seriously saying he is not white? But that some olive skinned or brown skinned ashkenazi from Israel is white? That makes zero sense.
As for mizrahim, you really need to get out more. Plenty of Syrian Jews are lighter than ashkenazi jews. It goes both ways. Even some Iraqi Jews are white. And Iranian Jews have their share of white skinned people.
A genetic study done even showed that Azerbaijani Jews (descended from persian speaking jews) cluster with Ashkenazi Jews. This was an mt-dna study too.
If Israel is white, then so is Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Iran, etc.
on Tue Jul 12th 2016 at 19:01:26 Raul
Are you really going to classify race on base of the religion?? Are you kidding? This is such a crap?
on Tue Jul 12th 2016 at 19:21:02 abagond
@ Raul
It seems you just got Internet service.
Go to this website:
And in the search box at top, type in “9/11” and hit the ENTER key.
on Fri Jul 15th 2016 at 19:59:49 Ettore
I was in Albania recently ( 3 months ago), believe me their whiter than Portuguese people, Spanish people, Turks, Greeks, or Bulgarians. I also think that turks are whiter than Portuguese people from what i have seen… however the point was that cuz Albanians are muslims their not white? this has no logic, especially in a country like Albania where you find catholics, orthodox,muslims and other stuff and they all claim to be Albanians, thats funny and beautiful to see a country like Albania, however the one who wrote or made is web page i think knows little bit Albanians and belives to much in imaginary friends…whom all are from ASIA (christians and muslims)— all religions have been born there
on Wed Sep 21st 2016 at 16:14:32 abagond
White-majority countries outside of Europe:
on Fri Sep 23rd 2016 at 16:37:49 tifa
Wff albanian and kosovo are purest clean white race in europe stupid ignorants
Muslims are not race is religion dont mix religion with ethnicity
How many muslims are white 4exemple im white albanian muslim from north west fyrom
U think siberians are white and african albinos are white too l white race have dna not
Surface looking
Racists of religion cristians was white, jesus was white lol
on Sat Dec 17th 2016 at 16:04:32 Ardian
Abagong I am absolutely certain that you’re not white! Would think you’re Jewish, Serbian and Greek! I am Albanian, and proud of my nation, we are the cleanest people in Europe, we do not mix with other races like in western Europe)) And we are Albanians, we do not care about religion))) if you think you can be white thanks that you are Christian, you have deceived yourself thoroughly for Jesus was not white)) would think you’ve never read history.
on Sun Dec 18th 2016 at 02:09:30 Herneith
Abagond loves bieng white. There is nothing you or your goat can do to put a damper on that! albanian yoghurt is also the best in Europe!
on Sun Jan 8th 2017 at 20:01:08 lalbanais
what do you tell ???????
i’m albanian i’m white and i have green eyes, my mum has grey eyes, my dead has green eyes, my cousins are blond…
albanian poeple is the oldest for europe!!!
How we can’t be white?????
it’s me ! http://www.cjoint.com/c/GAit7PV16pQ
on Mon Jan 9th 2017 at 11:59:26 abagond
@ lalbanais
There are Black people with green eyes too, and tons of White people with brown eyes.
on Tue Jan 10th 2017 at 18:06:32 lalbanais
@abagond please change the map she is false , you change the reality , please go in albania and kosovo and see it, we are white,
EXEMPLE ALBANIAN OF KOSOVO AND ALBANIA
PLEASE CHANGE YOUR MAP!
on Tue Jan 10th 2017 at 19:54:22 Benjamin
Albania is only 60% Muslim, so why is the country entirely gray? Do you not see Christian and atheist Albanians as White either?
on Tue Jan 10th 2017 at 22:08:13 Afrofem
If you don’t declare Albanians “White”, lalbanais may jump off a cliff from fright and worry. LOL!
The wages of “whiteness” are as greatly desired on the periphery of Europe as they are in the USA.
He must tell the truth! And not what he thinks.
Religion has nothing to do with race.
on Wed Jan 11th 2017 at 06:10:05 abagond
To determine whether Albania is historically Muslim or Christian, I go by the religious population.
@ Afrofem
Wages of whiteness is just what I was thinking too!
How do you propose I draw the line between Whites and non-Whites? What is your definition?
on Wed Jan 11th 2017 at 17:24:13 lalbanais
@abagond The Albanians we descend from the Illyrians, We are the oldest population of Europe, it’s proved scientifically , We were polytheistic, after catholic and only from 1500 we were forced to be converted to the Islam, albanian we are white people , i’m white my family are white , my freunds albanian are white , the all albanian are white , We Albanians we do not mix with other origins! Romania is black , Bulgaria is black , 50% and more of greece are black , the religion is religion the race is the race ! the religion is not a race.
LOOK The prince and princess of albania (Albania and kosovo)
thay are black ? no they are white like me and de all albanian(Albania and Kosovo).
please Don’t judge a people for a religion.
on Wed Jan 11th 2017 at 17:47:11 Benjamin
Albanians were historically Christian, only converting to Islam in large numbers in the 1600s. And it appears that most converted to escape discrimination rather than out of genuine belief. In any case if you count Lebanese Christians as White than why not Albanian Christians?
on Wed Jan 11th 2017 at 18:02:09 resw
Wow, white privilege is powerful indeed! I’ve never heard of people grovelling and begging to be classified as black or anything else for that matter.
While I disagree about Costa Rica and Puerto Rico being dark blue, I have to side with abagond on Albania.
And all the talk about being “purest” white Europeans is hogwash. There is no such thing, and if there were, it sure wouldn’t apply to Albanians!
Albania was under Ottoman rule for 500 years. So are we to believe the Albanians stayed “pure” that whole time and didn’t mix with people from Turkey?
@Benjamin
exactly, the All Muslim Albanians Muslim of today were Catholic before 1600s.
We are white.
The religion is religion the race is the race ! the religion is not a race.
“The Albanians we descend from the Illyrians, We are the oldest population of Europe”
And what evidence suggests “Illyrians” are the oldest?
“it’s proved scientifically”
Do share this scientific proof.
@resw
The Ottoman Empire has massacred us the Albanians,
Serbian has massacred us the Albanians,
Greece has massacred us the Albanians,
Bulgarie has massacred us the Albanians,
Because we are white!
But the USA tey protect us , he They bombed serbian , turks , greek.
Austria was also in the Ottoman Empire but they are white same for the albanian we are white.
serbian has massacred crotian and albanian because we are white.
@resw Do some research yourself and you will see it.
Look albanian people we are white juste see it’s simple.
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCEzii0QC9I)
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGhkj_PSgH0)
Yes, I would count Albanian Christians as White, but not the Muslims.
@lalbanais
Invaded by so many people, and yet Albanians still managed to stay so pure? Miraculous!
“Do some research yourself and you will see it”
I did, which is why I was so surprised that I could not find any scientific evidence that Albanians are the “oldest population of Europe”.
And guess what? I found no scientific proof that “Illyrians” were the oldest.
So no, I don’t buy your theory, especially considering most archaeological evidence that could possibly be attributed to “Illyrians” doesn’t even date beyond the 7th century BC.
You did not answer my question: What is your definition of White?
Race and religion are very much bound up. Muslims are an out-group that most Whites see as an Other against which they define themselves. Thus all the Islamophobia, even from Whites who probably have not gone to church for years, if ever, like Mr Trump.
Starting with the Crusades, Westerners enslaved, killed and took the land of non-Christians and used religion as an excuse. But when said non-Christians converted in numbers (Muslims and Jews in Spain, Blacks and Natives in the Americas), that no longer worked, so race became the new excuse.
Not buying it. It shows a level of assimilation into the Ottoman Empire that you do not see in, say, the Serbs or Greeks.
i have give you the prove and you no, de world know albanian are white USA protect us , you don’t believe he is your problem , you went to Albania ? no ,Then you know nothing! , you just juge albanian for religion , it’s funny , the world know. hahahaha
ALBANIAN USA FOR EVER ❤ ❤
Why is Albania entirely Gray while Lebanon is not? Both contain Christians and Muslims. If Lebanon is light blue than why not Albania?
It is not just me. Google: are Albanians white.
You are trying to prove they are White without a definition. Why is that?
A point I am trying to make with my map is that there is no consistent meaning, that it is arbitrary and subjective. Even the US Supreme Court could not define the term.
Because Lebanon is like 40% Christian while Albania is only 17%.
on Thu Jan 12th 2017 at 05:17:00 Afrofem
“…We Albanians we do not mix with other origins! Romania is black , Bulgaria is black , 50% and more of greece are black …”
Please define what you mean by “White” and “Black”. I’m sure it would be news to the Romanians, Bulgarians and Greeks that they are “black”. Even the Roma (Gypsies, Romani people) in those countries are of South Asian descent mixed with Europeans from their time in slavery in Eastern Europe.
This is how modern Roma people look:
According to an article on the Romedia Foundation website, Roma slavery is described in detail:
“For almost five centuries, Roma lived as slaves in the Romanian Principalities, from the moment of their birth, as the code of Wallachia mentions in the 19th century. They were treated as objects with exchange value, being sold in auctions, donated, given as gifts at weddings, or simply used to repay debt. The slave was the master’s property, with no legal status. Marriage at a young age was encouraged, having as many children as possible being expected in order to increase the master’s property. Still not widely known, the details of the Roma slavery are one of the first institutionalised discriminatory practices against this group.
[…] in the case in which a free person wanted to marry a slave, automatically that person became a slave, too, along with any child born from a Roma mother. Thinking about rebelling? The master, having complete rights over the slaves, could apply any punishment considered to be appropriate, from flogging, to the cutting of the lips and ears, whipping the sole of the feet, public beatings, the only constraint being not to kill the slave, action which, anyway, would have been counterproductive for the estate.
The abolition [of Roma slavery] came only … as a response to the freeing of the slaves in USA and introduction of mechanization.
https://romediafoundation.wordpress.com/2014/04/18/roma-slavery-in-the-romanian-territories-a-catch-22-of-history-and-recognition/
Do the Roma people make the Romanians, Greeks and Bulgarians “black” to you?
on Thu Jan 12th 2017 at 19:50:19 Herneith
But the USA tey protect us , he They bombed serbian , turks , greek
That was mighty white of them.
What colour are the Serbians?
Folks, don’t try to explain things to him. It’s way over his head.
on Fri Jan 13th 2017 at 00:24:02 Paola
This is so stupid . Albania and Kosovo don’t count as white just because they are muslims??? , what has to do the belief of a country with their race? Go to Albania , and Kosovo and see the people there, 100% white . And to sum up Albanians are one of the whitest race in Europe as they do not mix with other races , but I don’t have to talk . It’s obvious that the person who did this map is totally ignorant . Visit Albania and see how we are 100% white
on Fri Jan 13th 2017 at 01:17:50 Fan ...
An Scríbhneor Gael-Mheiricéanach
Sock puppet patrol!
mirkwood.. you inglorious imposter! lol
AGAIN… Is that YOU???
on Sat Jan 28th 2017 at 23:10:56 Cristina Conner
I always encounter this issue when I go to a website on race, ethnicity, etc. You say Muslims are not white. Why? Did you know that Muslim is a religion like Christianity, Catholicism, Judaism, Buddhism etc. You can be any race and be any religion. Please don’t confuse apples with oranges. And I would suggest as a friend, that you go to a library and get information about the different racial groups. You will see that there is no mention of religion as a race identifier. Cheers.
on Sat Jan 28th 2017 at 23:29:46 cristina king
I thought I had posted a comment but I forgot that submit it. It was about cautioning you not to confuse race with religion. You mention in your article that Albanians are not white because they’re Muslim? Is like saying French and Italian are not white because they’re Christians? It’s comparing apples to oranges! I would suggest as a friend to go to a library and consult reference books on race and you will see there’s absolutely no connection with religion. It’s a common mistake among those who decide to get a website and write about topics that that they have done little or no research on. Once you publish, shame on you for misguiding others. It’s like the blind leading the blind. Good luck.
on Sun Jan 29th 2017 at 00:09:22 abagond
What definition of White should I use then? Where and how do you draw the line between Berlin and Beijing? Between London and Lagos?
on Sun Jan 29th 2017 at 00:24:23 Benjamin
Do you consider the Mizrahi Jews to be White?
on Sun Jan 29th 2017 at 00:32:51 Cristina King
I just posted that Judaism is a religion not a race. You can be from Tonga or Pango Pango and you can be Jewish by faith if you so choose. And by the way I’ve never heard of Mizrahi Jews. I do know Isaac Mizrahi and he is Jewish.
@Cristina King
While Judaism is indeed a religion that anybody can potentially convert to, it has generally been practiced by a select few ethnic groups throughout history. One of them is the Mizrahi Jews, the Jews who never left the Middle East and went to Europe (or elsewhere). Sort of like how anybody can potentially be Amish, but virtually all the Amish are of Germanic heritage.
on Sun Jan 29th 2017 at 01:30:18 Afrofem
I notice that commenters who vehemently object to your definition of “White” tend to choke when you ask them to define “White”. Seems to be a recurring theme.
on Sun Jan 29th 2017 at 04:11:49 v8driver
lol this reminds me of this newish tv commercial they have: the tissue test for tooth whiteness!
on Sun Jan 29th 2017 at 12:21:49 Herneith
@Afrofem:
They can’t.
on Fri Feb 3rd 2017 at 23:08:18 Osman bardhylu
What a fucking dumbass retard whoever constructed the map,jow dare you say since albania and kosovo is muslim you fucking piece ofahit ,we are whiter than what you are you fucking mutt ,go fuckyourself
on Fri Feb 3rd 2017 at 23:48:09 Solitaire
My, how people in the “Old World” do get butthurt over the suggestion that they might not be 100% lily white.
The next time a French troll like apportune or jacques comes by and declares people in the USA are “too hung up” on race because we “don’t understand the Old World and its long history” and that in Europe “race doesn’t matter,” I’m going to have to remember to direct them to this comment thread.
on Sat Feb 4th 2017 at 00:59:37 Herneith
@Osman:
Learn how to cuss properly in English. The impact will be muich greater! Carry on!
on Sat Feb 4th 2017 at 05:16:32 Afrofem
@ Solitaire
It’s hilarious!
Osman yells “mutt” from the armpit of two continents. A stuck pig, er mutt, always squeals loudest.
on Sat Feb 4th 2017 at 05:26:48 abagond
@ Osman bardhylu
Why does it matter so much that people in Albania and Kosovo be considered White?
on Mon Feb 13th 2017 at 04:26:58 Chilean monkey
Street perceptions of White people in Chile and Argentina are always tricky because White people in those countries is “stirred but not mixed”: In Argentina, most europeans settled in the capital, and a minority of germans in the South (Bariloche).The northern provinces bordering Bolivia and Paraguay are definitely Amerindian/andean/Amazonian, and those close to the Andes are white/mestizo/castizo.
Chile is the same story: the Far North is mostly black/amerindian (example: the 33 San Jose miners), center is the typical mestizo, and as you move further south, the white/mestizo rate changes (example: http://bit.ly/2kAWBqq )
on Mon Feb 27th 2017 at 13:01:20 abagond
@Era1
Comment deleted for moderated language.
on Thu Mar 30th 2017 at 05:14:41 Vojsava
You are just a dumb ass trying to act smart !! Im albanian there are all white people in Albania , about 80% have fair skin !! Im albanian my skin is more faire than that of a french girl and î have blond hair!! Have you learnt some history you loser ? Albania is Christian for more than 2000 years and 50% still is !! Islam came from the ottoman empire is not a religion of origins !! You should be some black dude yourself I think !! And since when race and religion are the same thing ? Idiot
@Vojsava:
Ever heard of Rosetta Stone language software?
on Thu Mar 30th 2017 at 17:23:46 v8driver
Isn’t it mecca and medina, saudi arabia, where mohommed received the word of allah
@ Paul Joseph Watson
Comment deleted for racial slur.
on Fri May 19th 2017 at 05:48:35 Paul Joseph Watson
@Sharina
Typical angry Black SJW women attacking White people. The bloke was making a point about demographics and the absolute numbers of whites in the Americas and these two tried to interfere with the debate imposing themselves and wresting terms like Mestizo and Eurasian. Just like all fat acceptance SJWs who wrench reality and deny biology.
According to the UN, governmental and CIA statistics the numbers for the Americas seem accurate. Chile does have a large Castizo and Native population.
Brazil is bigger than Europe and the contiguous US. The bloke was saying that half of Brazil is Caucasoid (European and Ashkenazi Jew), a quarter is Mestizo, less than a quarter is Black and Mulatto, with East Asians (mostly Japanese), Eurasians, Gypsies and Natives being the minorities that complete the total number. If the whites in the Southern Cone were a country they would be bigger than most European countries, and the white populations in Canada, Australia and New Zealand together. South African whites are a lost cause and currently living under discrimination, with many Afrikaners living in extreme poverty. They should migrate and receive asylum.
on Fri May 19th 2017 at 08:12:15 Solitaire
and these two tried to interfere with the debate imposing themselves
Sharina and Afrofem are regulars here and comment freely and frequently. They don’t require your permission or your approval.
Typical angry white male racist, coming to a black-owned blog written for black people and thinking his voice is still more important because he’s a white male. Trying to belittle and shame black women for taking equal part in a debate. Using racial slurs. Imposing his superior white male attitude and expecting everyone to meekly put up with his offensive interference. Typical atrocious manners of a white supremacist.
on Fri May 19th 2017 at 12:37:17 sharinalr
@Paul Joseph Watson
Nothing in my comments were angry so you are basically mad at the truth. I also never mention Mestizo and Eurasian, so WTF are you even talking about? The dude didn’t make a good point if it was so easily debunked. You can’t make a point off of outdated sources as if in that time period the population did not grow. The population changed drastically in 2002 to more recently. So you point was a moot one.
Sources were provided and his very own sources debunked what he was claiming at the time. The most recent stats on Brazil say only 47.7 claim to be white in Brazil. That is less than half. Do research.
on Fri May 19th 2017 at 15:23:20 Afrofem
@ Sharinalr
“Brazil is bigger than Europe and the contiguous US.”
Can you cite any independent sources to back up that claim? First you would need to define “Europe” since it is part of a larger continent.
“South African whites are a lost cause and currently living under discrimination, with many Afrikaners living in extreme poverty. They should migrate and receive asylum.”
Not true. More hysterical White Supremacist propaganda.
No one is holding White South Africans hostage. They are free to emigrate to Europe, Australia, New Zealand or Antarctica, whichever place suits them
You expected different?
Trolls like PJW think they have a divine right to talk smack to any and everyone, wherever they encounter them. Par for the course.
Nope. I just wanted to give him a taste of his own medicine.
on Fri May 19th 2017 at 23:13:21 unwantedtg
It is pretty well-known in Europe that Brazil is larger than Europe including Eastern Europe. Australia the same and Brazil is bigger than Australia. Have u heard about the Mercator distortion that makes Africa seem much smaller than Russia and even Greenland? It’s insane how grossly disproportionate Greenland is when compared to giant Africa. And we still use the Mercator map.
http://onlinedatingsoundbarrier.blogspot.com.br/2014/05/all-european-countries-fit-in-brazil-or.html?m=1
https://www.google.com.br/amp/s/www.buzzfeed.com/amphtml/hnigatu/19-maps-that-will-help-you-put-the-united-states-in-perspect
Buzzfeed – 19 Maps That Will Help You Put The United States In Perspective.
The U.S. is basically an overcompensating, attention-seeking brat.
I guess the original claim was that the Pardo people group means multiracial and it includes a lot of Mestizo people, Native and European, encompassing Black and White, Black plus White plus Native, Eurasian aka Asian and White. And even Gypsies cuz the Roma are European with distant Northern East Indian ancestry.
South America is indeed a pretty diverse place. They have ethnicities from every continent. I was surprised to learn that Confederates moved to Mexico and Brazil.
And that Venezuela and Peru have millions of Chinese with coolie background. I’m aware that Mexico is in North Murica, NAFTA lol.
Actually Brazil was the first region to be called America after Amerigo Vespucci. I guess German cartographers started the tribute.
And also that Argentina’s Jewish community suffered terrorist attacks claimed by radical Muslims. Wow!
@ unwantedtg
Paul Joseph Watson’s claim was that, “Brazil is bigger than Europe and the contiguous US.”
Europe is a tiny bit of land. The continental US is a lot more substantial. Is Brazil larger than both? The Buzzfeed article says no.
His objections have to do with this comment:
https://abagond.wordpress.com/2014/04/11/the-map-of-white-people/comment-page-1/#comment-316501
I was basing my comment on how Brazilians perceive themselves at this point in time. They are embracing their African heritage instead of running from it like the Dominicans.
To me, that is refreshing. To people like Paul Joseph Watson, that is anathema.
I’ve seen this stunning map before and it really put things into perspective for me:
on Sat May 20th 2017 at 21:02:17 unwantedtg
Oh I didn’t realize he meant both land masses. As big as Brazil might be that’s still impossible hehe! Not even the entire Russian territory is that big
I like the humor in the Buzzfeed article.
The US government states that China is smaller than US cuz China has a lot of territorial disputes with its neighbours and is pushing their maritime borders over Philippines, while China says the US claims interior water bodies as land to overcompensate. So I guess in this case, size matters. For projecting political power purposes. Some experts say Russia with its shrinking population faces a future threat of Chinese population invading the Federation’s Southeast.
I guess I heard about the Dominican case. That’s sad. While in the rest of the Americas people are using DNA research to learn more about their past. I’ve seen some YouTube videos about it.
The Haitian refugees issue reminds me of Saudi Arabia and the United Emirates not accepting a single Syrian refugee.
on Sun May 21st 2017 at 01:34:32 abagond
unwantedtg / Paul Joseph Watson
is banned for using sock puppets.
on Sun May 21st 2017 at 01:44:33 Afrofem
The attack of the pseudo-sneaky trolls/sock puppets. LOL!
on Wed Jul 12th 2017 at 01:37:35 Ilirian
How can u say Albanians are not white when they defended Europe alone for 25 years against Ottoman Empire, you have no rights to do these kinda of maps if you don’t know the history of white people in EU.Religion doesn’t tell your race, Albanians have all religions and Albanians have never had an religious disruption.
on Mon Dec 4th 2017 at 16:53:57 Flori
What the fuck is this. Albanian are not caucasian because most of them are Muslim. 🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂. If you go to Albania you are going to see 0 black people. Ass hole
@ Flori
If you go to the post you are going to see 0 references to Caucasians.
“White” and “Caucasian” are not always the same thing. Just ask Bhagat Singh Thind:
https://abagond.wordpress.com/2014/04/16/bhagat-singh-thind/
on Wed Jan 17th 2018 at 15:44:42 Tony
This article was written by an uneducated dumbass that doesn’t know the difference between religion and race.
That’s all you need to know about this shit-post.
@Flori: You spelt a$$hole wrong, it’s one word.
@Tony:
LOLZ!!
These white supremacists are becoming boringly predictable in their responses! I almost long for the days of no_slappz and some of these other clowns who used to come here. Almost, not quite!
on Sun Feb 4th 2018 at 00:12:47 Albanopolis
Albanians the descendants of the Illyrians not white LOL
IN FACT,you piece of filth,according to a study of the University of California “Genetic Ancestry across Europe”,not only have same genetic like all other Europians,but Albanians have the highest rates of IDB within a population in Europe,sharing about 90 ancestors in the last 500 years and about 600 ancestors between 500 years and 1,500 years ago.
Not only we are white you filth,but are the most pure not mixed in Europe,even for your beloved Nazi scum,we were a “Aryan race”!
Oh…now i see …the problem is that “they are muslims” LOL
abagond by the way..about Rita Ora
Rita whith her parents
“Solar” is a new invention you know…
on Mon Feb 5th 2018 at 05:22:18 abagond
@ Albanopolis
Why is it so important for you to be regarded as white?
on Mon Feb 5th 2018 at 07:43:48 gatobranco1
Since somebody speaks here about Albanians as “Caucasians” probably they confuse the Caucasian Albania(a polity which existed in the antiquity in the territory of the modern Azerbaijan Republic in Southern Caucasus) with Balcanic Albania(ethnically it includes the Republic of Albania, Kosovo and a part of the Fyrom(Former yugoslav republic of macedonia).
As far as I know, Balkanian Albanians are fully indigenous to the Balkan Area and have no relation whatsoever to Caucasus or Caucasians. There is an ongoing scientific dispute whether they stem from Illyrians or maybe Thracians or Dacians, but indigenous Balcanic peoples in any case.
The most of Kosovar Albanians are Sunni Muslims, but the people in the Republic of Albania can be Roman Catholic, Sunni Muslim, Bektashi Muslim and Orthodox Christian).
As for Caucasians(taken geographically), they are either Muslims( Adyghe/Circassian/Cabardians, Chechen/Ingush, Qarachay-Malkar, Daghestanis(Avar, Lak, Lezgi, Noghay, Kumyk), Orthodox Christians, as Georgians, Svan, Mingrelian, many Ossetians and Abkhaz or Armenian Orthodox Christians.
There are 5 or 6 linguistic groups in Caucasus – Indoeuropean(Armenians, Ossetians), Turkic(Qarachay-Malkar, Kumyk, Noghay), Adyghe-Abkhaz, Kartvelian(Georgians, Svan, Mingrelians), Checheno-Ingush and Daghestani(Avar, Lak, Lezgi etc.)
on Mon Feb 5th 2018 at 15:38:44 Herneith
Albanopolis, give it a rest.
on Tue Feb 6th 2018 at 16:58:20 Albanopolis@yahao.com
abagond@ BECAUSE WE ARE
Quit the crap.
on Tue Feb 6th 2018 at 17:43:38 Afrofem
Being second level White people is a sore spot for Eastern Europeans. Even the Russians look down on Albanians…being so close to Turkey and all.
The creation of Whiteness by colonial slaveholders has spread around the globe. That successful bit of social engineering causes marginal White people to nearly lose their minds at the slightest hint they are not considered White.
on Tue Feb 6th 2018 at 17:54:22 abagond
Why would you want to be associated with the worst band of thieves and killers the world has ever seen?
on Tue Feb 6th 2018 at 21:20:09 Albanopolis
abagond@ Are you a moron,or you just act like one?
By the way in Albania religion doesn’t matter! Only 15/100 muslims say religion matters. That makes them 2-3% of Albania population. And even them don’t cover,and drink alchohol.
And since you are a Donald Trump suporter:
I am being serious. Please explain it to me like I am a five-year-old: why is it so important for you to identify yourself with the worst band of killers and thieves in history?
It does not make sense to me. What makes sense is to be embarrassed, ashamed, sheepish, to try to distance yourself from them as much as possible. Albania, as far as I know, did not take part in the West’s crimes, certainly not on a huge scale, so why assert a connection with them? It does not make sense. I am missing something.
I did change schools at one point and was never taught long division, so maybe I missed out on this too. Along with the memo on the beauty of skinny blonde women.
on Tue Feb 6th 2018 at 22:11:48 Solitaire
Was the bolded text added in a later edit? Because if not, if it was part of the original post, you are prescient.
“Even Albanians” was in the original text but it was not bolded.
I am not a Donald Trump supporter. Not even close.
In the US only about 35% think he is doing a good job. Most people I know despise him, myself included.
Right, the bold was my addition just now for emphasis.
It just struck me as eerily prophetic, considering how many butt-hurt Albanians there have been on this thread.
on Wed Feb 7th 2018 at 08:08:48 jefe
the worst band of thieves and killers the world has ever seen
worse than the mongols?
Well, I guess landwise, sure. The Americas and Australasia is a big chunk of the world.
on Wed Feb 7th 2018 at 10:30:06 abagond
In terms of land taken and people killed, no one (so far) has outdone White countries over the past 500 years. The Mongols come second.
on Wed Feb 7th 2018 at 15:22:20 Albanopolis
@abagond your Trolling is awful!
Anyway i am done here,god help you with your brain! But since i don’t believe in religion, you are hopeless.Sad!
on Wed Feb 7th 2018 at 16:40:16 blakksage
@abagond your Trolling is awful! Anyway i am done here,god help you with your brain! But since i don’t believe in religion, you are hopeless.Sad! – Albanopolis
Wow, that’s a heavily vacuous statement. Why don’t you further express yourself so that we may understand your point? I’ll wait!……
on Wed Feb 7th 2018 at 17:49:47 satanforce
Really? I didn’t know that the sun was that recent.
Exactly. Evil races are just evil. The bigly evillness of them puts them on the level of orcs. Sad!
It does not make sense to me. What makes sense is to be embarrassed, ashamed, sheepish, to try to distance yourself from them as much as possible. Albania, as far as I know, did not take part in the West’s crimes, certainly not on a huge scale, so why assert a connection with them? It does not make sense. I am missing something…… so maybe I missed out on this too. Along with the memo on the beauty of skinny blonde women.
Sad!
on Thu Feb 8th 2018 at 00:07:31 Afrofem
How does a blogger “troll” his or her own blog? LOL!
on Thu Feb 8th 2018 at 03:07:21 abagond
So you are just going to insult me instead of answering the question?
on Thu Feb 8th 2018 at 04:30:17 Albanopolis
When i google it “white countries” and saw my countriy was not in the white countries,i thought you were some Serbian prick who just wanted to troll Albanians,or some Christian supremacist who thinks Muslims can’t be white LOL
But no,i was mistaken,and all the Albanians above were to!
By the way,paint that map because Albanians will never be on your side of opinion.
About white people, they created this civilization,others just follow it…
For you blakcs,your self victimization today is your biggest problem.
I am out here.
Don’t believe to much in the MSM polls,they said he couldn’t get the nominee and look what happend!
You should despise more the Democrats …
Black vote for DNC is always +90%. If the number drops to 80% for the DNC would be very difficult to win an election. So they use racism card with MSM help to keep the tension high among blacks so they can get their vote.
They never talk for blacks real problems,in fact they avoid them,and attack anyone who talks about it as a racist.
DNC and MSM scream all day long for racism “white privilege”etc. because “Racism” is the only thing they have to offer to blacks,since they don’t say or do nothing for the high murder rate blacks against blacks,for they poor conditions,they failed cites,etc. And unfortunately the blacks buy it.
Democrats treat blacks like their personal electoral slaves,and accuse others for “racism” LOL
“Black vote for DNC is always +90%. If the number drops to 80% for the DNC would be very difficult to win an election.”
Actually the Repubs have diminished Black, Latinx, student and elder votes with various voter suppression schemes such as gerrymandering, voter ID requirements and poll closures. The outdated Electoral College is all that allowed your hero to become president. He actually lost the election by 2.8 million votes.
It doesn’t matter what percentage of eligible Black people vote, the elections are stacked against Black voters and in favor of minority Repub voters.
Neither the RNC nor the DNC cares about the percentage of Black voters.
You have been reading too many White Supremacist websites. Repeating their racist propaganda shows your ignorance about US politics.
on Thu Feb 8th 2018 at 19:15:02 satanforce
About white people, they created this civilization,others just follow it…For you blakcs,your self victimization today is your biggest problem. I am out here.
Then he goes and adds another comment below! Sad!
And the other parties have, what to offer exactly?
on Thu Feb 8th 2018 at 19:41:20 Solitaire
“DNC and MSM scream all day long for racism “white privilege”etc.”
If white privilege doesn’t exist, why are you so anxious to be categorized as white? How could it possibly matter whether or not you’re considered to be white, unless you believe you gain something from it?
Why does it matter so much to you that you call people nasty names like “filth” and “moron” for suggesting you might not be white?
on Fri Feb 9th 2018 at 00:26:02 Afrofem
Mr. “I’m Outraged That You Don’t Consider Me White” really shows his colossal ignorance about the dysfunctional two party system in the USA with his comments about Black people voting for the Dems.
I still want to see his response to Abagond’s question about why he wants to identify himself with the “worst band of killers and thieves in history”. Of course that would take honesty and guts.
on Fri Feb 9th 2018 at 02:02:42 satanforce
Of course.cause we really do know how much these people really do care about the about the neighbourhood safety, economic protection, public services and other civil amenities and issues that affect the Afro-American constituency on a day-to-day basis. Right?
Just like they are so very concerned about the daily nutritional intake of the average Zimbabwean that they are always so concerned about. Right?
The sad thing about these Scolders is that when they scold us, they don’t realize that they reveal their own inadequecies. They want that feeling of moral superiority – that dopamine rush – of scolding their morally bankrupt neighbours, whether they be educated blacks , poor blacks, activist blacks, or any Venn Diagram intersection thereof. But if your only claim to moral superiority is to scold people who are morally bankrupt….what does that say about the Scolder?
I suppose being Nominally White may be another way to achieve moral superiority.
on Fri Feb 9th 2018 at 15:25:32 Herneith
What do you expect from an Albanian? Sad!
on Fri Feb 9th 2018 at 17:08:10 Albanopolis
@Solitaire,
Because we are white,and that’s not an opinion that’s a fact. Quit the crap.
@Afrofem,
I understand the two party system better than you!
The blacks have the power to change their situation they don’t need another party! The Dems can’t win without the black vote,they can put conditions for their vote,but don’t! They just vote for them,the Dems keep brainwashing with the racism card,and that’s it! They take 90% of the black vote,and give nothing back!
What have Obama done for the Black Community?
What social policies have he take to improve black life?
Black marriage is a disaster,black cites are a disaster,black crime to the sky,the black fathers who abandon their children,a catastrophe!
He spent billions for Middle-east Pakistan etc but nothing for the problems above.
Be smart,and use the power of your vote to improve your community conditions,before they replace your vote with the hispanics one. And don’t need you anymore.
A common sense that you don’t have it! Sad!
P.S/This is my last post. May the force be with you!
@Albanian, you are as white as the driven snow in July. Sad!
on Fri Feb 9th 2018 at 19:45:18 sharinalr
@Albanopolis
Obviously you don’t know much about the two party system if you think anyone has power by voting. Voting is a show.
“lack marriage is a disaster”—Not entirely true as most blacks get married later in life. The stats were re-evaluated years ago and showed it is not that blacks aren’t getting married just later.
“black cites are a disaster”–Depends on where you go. Some are, but then again what poor city is fantastic.
“black crime to the sky”–Crime is to the sky but if you analyze data most reporting methods are based on arrest and an arrest is not a conviction. Being arrested more does not mean you are committing more crime.
“the black fathers who abandon their children,a catastrophe!”–False. A study came out some years back showing black fathers to be more involved that other races despite not being in the home.
on Fri Feb 9th 2018 at 20:37:39 Solitaire
I never said you were not white. I asked you why it matters so much to you, which is different.
Personally I think that you are white. I’m even willing to agree that you might be pale, blonde, and blue-eyed.
But my question remains: why does the possibility of being considered non-white make you so angry?
What would happen, good or bad, if someone considered you not to be white? How would it make you feel, and why?
on Fri Feb 9th 2018 at 23:23:35 Mary Burrell
Whiteness is a helluva drug.
on Sat Feb 10th 2018 at 02:55:49 Afrofem
Albanopolis’ rants and White Supremacist deflections are par for the course.
He still did not have the honesty or guts to respond to the central question.
No guts, no glory.
on Sat Feb 10th 2018 at 02:59:02 Mary Burrell
Their mediocrity makes them fearful and angry. White Supremacy even hurts whites.
The plot thickens being “nominally white” and second level on the hierarchy of whiteness makes for angry Albanopolis. It takes so much energy being bitter and butt hurt about not being at the top of the pyramid of whiteness. How tragic.
I should rephrase that white supremacy hurts whites and wanna be whites as well they are just to dumb to realize it.
on Sat Feb 10th 2018 at 20:17:43 abagond
You still have not answered my question.
on Sun Feb 11th 2018 at 02:26:54 satanforce
Concern troll is a concern troll.
The blacks have the power to change their situation they don’t need another party!
Black people. The Saviours of American Democracy. I suppose it has to do with American blacks Hive Mind psychic ability. I wonder when the Hispanics will evolve this ability.
Considering that the Dems have lost over 1000 seats during the Obama administration, ignored Bernie, lost the Obama coalition and failed, I think they may be doing a little bit more listening and less fundraising.
Crooked Albinopolis thinks he’s white when he can’t be white. Can’t ever be white because White people can’t be Muslims. Crooked Albinopolis is a Muslim. So he’s not white. Sad! He never talks about how bigly the Republicans sell out their own kind. Albinopolis and his sock-puppet troll friends are don’t understand how bad the two-party system – believe me.
on Sun Feb 11th 2018 at 05:11:59 Afrofem
It was mildly amusing to see A-polis squirm and lash out with tired anti-Black propaganda in his effort to avoid answering one simple question.
“Crooked” A-polis indeed.
on Sun Feb 11th 2018 at 11:01:46 Herneith
In actuality, these replies and recycled tropes show just how stupid and unoriginal they are. It’s not even funny anymore. Please, white supremacists, be more original!
on Tue Mar 6th 2018 at 04:05:04 Turkey
this map is wrong… im turkish very pale blonde guy and have blonde family, muslims can be white too… turkey is multi ethnic country there is browns asians and whites in country… iif u go close to middle east u will see brown looking people if u go towards west u will see white people,
also kosova,bosnia, albania,south africa shud be white too … albania kosova should be dark blue and south africa turkey should be medium…
israel should be medium too they are so mixed like turkey aswell so many brown and white people together.
you are linking religion to skin color which is wrong…
(i see comments saying white supramacy hurts white ppl and white ppl wanna be white)
lmao its funny you say that, my problem here is that ppl think turkey is like arab country and have camels and deserts or speak arabic and shit..
but its wrong we dont have desert or camels, we dont speak arabic.
we ”turks” in turkey arent even turk anymore we lost our genetics, look at real other turk countries they are all asian, turkish ppl are just like so many ethnic groups got mixed and live under 1 flag, turkey country is not nation its just a flag tbh.. cause when u walk at street u will see asian looking ppl brown ppl white ppl all call theirself turkish.
+im not muslim, pretty sure half of turkey isnt muslim too.. they just write muslim in your id when you born and you can get rid of it when u grow up but no one cares to change ur religionon paper cause it means nothing xD
if u look at me and my non religious friends ids it says muslim on all
if you still dont wantto call blonde turkish white, i dont wantto be white anyway but dont call me or put me in brown arab section or anything too just call me turkish then.
im not saying we are european or we are middle eastern asian or african.
we are just all of them
on Tue Mar 6th 2018 at 12:37:07 Herneith
The article doesn’t state that Islam is a race. That would be like stating Catholicism is a race. Where does the article state this? I am not referring to ensuing commentary either.
on Tue Mar 6th 2018 at 17:14:16 Afrofem
@ Turkey
Good point. Probably the only good point you made.
The rest of your statements are half truths at best.
on Tue Mar 6th 2018 at 20:48:03 eick74
Abalone said this in the original post.
“Albania and Kosovo are mostly Muslim so they do not count as white”
on Tue Mar 6th 2018 at 21:22:33 abagond
@ eick74
Gee, why the need to insult me by getting my name wrong?
on Wed Mar 7th 2018 at 16:00:57 eick74
Sorry, blame it on autocorrect and not paying enough attention.
on Fri Mar 9th 2018 at 14:58:48 Herneith
You have your fellow ‘Europeans’ for labelling you and your fellow Albanians thus. He, ‘Abalone’ alludes to that.
Whos Abalone?
on Fri Mar 9th 2018 at 16:24:27 eick74
Please dont make assumptions about me. I am not Albanian. I do not consider myself European except by ancestry.
You said the article did not say that Islam was a race but Abagond did indeed say in the article that he was excluding them because they were Muslim.
My apologies. Now, who is Abalone?
on Fri Mar 9th 2018 at 17:45:30 Solitaire
True, he does say that, but I don’t see anywhere in the article where he explicitly states Islam is a race.
What he does say is this: “For this map two kinds of people are [white]: …Those who belong to an ethnic group that is historically Christian or Jewish, with roots in West Eurasia”
He also talks about how he tried different definitions before settling on the two he chose to use for the map, which he calls a “general approximation.”
To me, all of that taken together shows he is aware of the arbitrariness of the definitions he chose for the map. If anything, it points out how nebulous the concept of whiteness really is.
The truth is, most of the white people in predominately Christian countries consider Muslims as “other”. All this map does is reflect that mindset. It does not necessarily condone it.
Abalone was autocorrect on my phone mistakenly correcting Abagond and me not noticing it. I said that and apologized to Abagond about it above. There was no offense intended.
on Tue Apr 3rd 2018 at 18:52:12 Albanian
You are a stupid ignorant, because the whole world knows that Albanians are white race and they have a christian history.
Today the most Albanians dont give a fuck about religions, so they are agnostics and athesits.
I am 100% sure that this “Abagond“ is a serbian psychopathic liar.
on Wed Apr 4th 2018 at 03:28:18 Paige
Lol, I hope someone calls me a Serbian psychopathic liar someday.
on Wed Apr 4th 2018 at 09:28:41 Solitaire
“Today the most Albanians dont give a fuck about religions”
But clearly they still give a big f-ck about race.
on Wed Apr 4th 2018 at 14:04:21 Herneith
Not only that, a dyed-in-the-wool shopaholic. Which is worse? Discuss!
on Wed Apr 4th 2018 at 23:13:29 Erri
Abalesh, you classified Albanians as non white? you are a fucking mad!? Have you never seen an Albanian or never been there. Do you know that the Albanian are in Europe even before Greeks. Don’t write shit because you don’t know a shit. If there wasn’t the Albanians with Skanderbeg to stop the Turks, now Europe was going to be called Europistan. O go away you cow 😠😠😠
on Thu Apr 5th 2018 at 16:09:27 hahahaa
hey Abagond , you serbians are “white” !?
on Thu Apr 5th 2018 at 16:39:55 Alban
every person defends him self when someone lies about him … no matter what kind of lies. so do not make a fool of yourself.
@ Paige
yea, you are glad if ever someone talks to you 😉
on Thu Apr 5th 2018 at 17:11:11 v8driver
Wow it’s a troll trap, it just takes one i guess.
on Thu Apr 5th 2018 at 17:17:25 Solitaire
Interesting how so many of them assume Abagond is a Serb or some other close neighbor with whom the Albanians have bad history. Makes me wonder how often they lob “you’re not white” at each other as an insult in that part of the world.
on Thu Apr 5th 2018 at 17:28:49 abagond
LOOOOL. I must be Serbian because only a Serbian would think so little of Albanians as to call them non-White?
If you look at the rest of my blog you might notice I do not hold a particularly high opinion of White people. They wiped out people on two and a half continents (as shown by the map itself) and enslaved millions of Black people. They are worse than the Mongols. So if anyone should be offended by my map it should be Serbs, not Albanians.
Here is my basic take on White people:
https://abagond.wordpress.com/2008/07/05/white-people/
@ Albanian readers (and anyone else who wants to answer)
Are Turks White? Why or why not?
If Turks are NOT White, then why are Albanians White?
If Turks ARE White, then where in Asia and Africa do you draw the line between White people and everyone else? If you walk from Albania to Kenya, where do White people end and Black or Brown people begin?
These are the questions I had to answer to make this map. And they are the questions that people who do not like my map have yet to answer. Calling me names might be emotionally satisfying, but it leaves the map unchanged.
Some of us are blessed, others not.
on Thu Apr 5th 2018 at 18:48:01 Erri
Albanians are not the same as Turks. Is like saying that Algerians are the same as French or Indians are the same as English. Albanians have fight with Turks for 500 years.
@ Erri
now he compares us to turks hahahaaa
he talks the same bullshit like serbian politicians.
but it is very interesting how many idiots protect his garbage …
PS.: let the idiot talk idiotic things to other idiots … they have found each other tsehehehe
“Albanians are not the same as Turks.”
Where did anyone here say that Albanians are the same as Turks?
That’s the problem, you do not understand.
My reaction has nothing to do with racism, but with the fact that he is a liar and claims false things. Understand it.
PS .: Albanians are NOT a muslim nation and they are white. That’s a fact. (Albanians are the most tolerant people in the world to races, religions, nations, etc.)
on Thu Apr 5th 2018 at 22:38:04 Afrofem
These comments by alleged Albanians about their “White” status are real howlers! The frequency and intensity of their outrage shows how marginal they really are to the the general European/White population.
Also highlights how potent a drug “Whiteness” is for millions of beige people.
At least I’m not Black or African….sniff!
on Fri Apr 6th 2018 at 03:50:16 abagond
@ Albanian
Why is it so important that you be considered White? This is the part that I do not get.
on Fri Apr 6th 2018 at 12:44:08 Herneith
Neither does he.
on Fri Apr 6th 2018 at 16:34:01 Alban
Because the Albanians are white, and not green or blue or other colors from the fantasy of a mentally disturbed person on the internet who (for any sick intention that he will not say) has made so much effort to produce such a stupid map where he makes a fool of himself by insist the opposite of reality about the Albanians.
I know it’s very hard for you and your “friends” to understand such “complicated things”, but don’t worry, time clears everything up. if not this year then in 50 years you will get it.
Bye and take care of yourself, you are really not well.
on Fri Apr 6th 2018 at 17:16:22 Open Minded Observer
This discussion really sums it all up doesn’t it? Since race is a made up social construct that was invented to belittle others, then it’s never up to a person to decide their own race. I’m only called White because others around me perceive me to be. Rachel Dolezal tried/is trying to declare herself Black or transracial, but it’s not up to her. Trevor Noah may have identified as Black, but was often perceived differently based on where he grew up… None of us gets to choose our race, it is chosen for us by idiotic group-think.
So, Abagond’s map is Abagond’s map. Alban, Erri, me, and all of us can all create our own maps based on our own definitions of “Whiteness”… at the end of the day, it’s all just made up… unfortunately, with very real consequences. We’ve all bought into it, which is why we’re arguing the Whiteness of Albanians… Honestly, arguing for recognition as White because you perceive non-Whites as inferior based on the made up concept of race… Sounds pretty White to me.
on Fri Apr 6th 2018 at 17:44:24 Solitaire
@ Alban
What is the race of the girl on the left?
If you were making a map of white people, obviously you would include Albania as a white-majority country.
Fine. But you still haven’t answered the question of where you would place the dividing line on your map.
Would you include Turkey? Greece? Serbia? Croatia? Lebanon? Syria? Egypt? Israel?
And what would you base your decision on?
on Fri Apr 6th 2018 at 17:56:34 Mary Burrell
Wow, all this vitriol over Abagond’s map and the discourse of “whiteness “ and Albanians is quite interesting to say the least. The negative responses to who is white and who isn’t says a lot about how being “white” is coveted on the European hierarchy of White Supremacy.
How to argue like Alban:
#1. I am right because I say so.
#2. If you disagree then you are an idiot.
#3. Duck all questions.
#4, Call people names.
“Albanians are the most tolerant people in the world to races”
Right. You’re on a predominantly black blog calling black people idiots, fools, mentally ill, etc. over an issue concerning race. How is that tolerant?
Such idiotic maps makes only racists like you all. (you are black racists that copy white racists … white racists, black racist, yellow racists, red racists; you all have exactly the same stupid mentality. You are all a shame of mankind)
I’am sorry, but your consciousness is too deep and your intellect too limited to discuss scientifically. It feels for me like I talk to a wall.
How do you imagine an intellectual discussion with me, when for you it’s all “greek” what I have said so far !?
Once you become civilized and live in the 21st century and dont copy more white racist from 18-19 century, then we can discuss about smart things.
PS.: I have many dark-skinned friends, very good friends from africa and asia, but I do not say that they are “not dark-skinned” and “nonreligious” like me, and they do not say about me i am “not white” and “muslim” or “christian” or “hindus” or “buddhist”, because we are not stupid and retarded racists and extremists. We acept us so like we are. Finish.
Ah one more thing, I dont want that you think like me and my acquaintances, I just want that you think.
on Fri Apr 6th 2018 at 20:28:58 gro jo
Alban baby, unlike mean old Abagond and his friends, let me reassure you that you and your people are white. Latin for white, as Abagond knows all too well, is Albus. Albania, no doubt a derivation like albumen, etc., by definition, probably means Land of the Whites, i.e. you and yours, just as Kmt, the name of ancient Egypt, meant land of the blacks. I hope that reassures you of your whiteness and you will move on to more productive fields where you won’t be the butt of cruel jokes as you’ve endured here.
People, we must have compassion for even our ‘Alban’ brothers.
Alban baby, you need to develop a sense of humor. Just a thought.
Accept the people so like mother nature had made them. Please.
Otherwise I do not know what I should say to such people like you.
Now we’re veering into “Some of my best friends are black” territory, along with a good dose of “Talking about race is racist!”
gro jo: “Alban baby, you need to develop a sense of humor. Just a thought.”
yea you are so right … why the f*ck I take seriously such people and dont laugh at them …
maybe because I perceive their pain that they really need someone to talk to them. tsehehehehe
on Sat Apr 7th 2018 at 03:38:20 sharinalr
@Alban
Please by all means highlight this intellectual conversation you were attempting to have? So far you did a great job at name calling and I applaud you, but don’t claim to be something or doing something I doubt you could accomplish.
FYI gro jo was making fun of you and if you didn’t catch that then please don’t proclaim ever to speak on intellect.
on Sat Apr 7th 2018 at 13:04:14 Herneith
How about: Do you want a cup of coffee, I’m paying?
on Sun Apr 29th 2018 at 19:36:04 Albanian86
Albanians are whiter than greeks and bulgars yet you havent included them because 50% are muslim? Douche. We are the one single people who has taken the biggest bladt of an inadin non-white force in the 1400s, and saved entire europe from islamization by the ottomans. Even if we were hindus, obly because of that historic fact, you should included us. Our language is the springboard to ALL european languages… this makes me sad. Shame on you.
on Sun Apr 29th 2018 at 22:07:01 Afrofem
@ Albanian86
Shame on you for beating the bones of a dead horse.
Go stuff you face with some Fëgesë or Tavë Kosi. If you were really White, Albanian86, you and your comrades would laugh at this post and move on.
All of this kvetching from various Albanians means that you are not secure in your own skin.
You are the ones not sure of your own Whiteness. No one cares about this issue but you.
Poseurs!!!
on Mon Apr 30th 2018 at 01:35:40 Solitaire
“Even if we were hindus, obly because of that historic fact, you should included us.”
Well, that statement was a dead giveaway to the racism behind this commenter’s argument.
Why “even if we were hindus”? Why not include the Hindus? If anything, Sanskrit has a much stronger claim to be “the springboard to ALL european languages.”
on Sun May 13th 2018 at 21:33:55 Rober Blanche
Excellent information. Do you have information regarding the amount contributed to the world economy by white people?
on Mon May 14th 2018 at 13:39:16 Herneith
@Rober :
Nice try, LOL!
on Mon May 21st 2018 at 21:33:27 Mariana
I don´t know, white in Latin America has a completely different meaning countries like Chile, Costa Rica, Argentina, Uruguay and Puerto Rico have large “white” populations but most of them are mixed but predominately european, around 58% of argentines have some degree of native american blood, the average costa rican is 70% white, 25% native and 5% black, most white cubans live now in the USA and black, mulatoes and mixed are now majority back in the island, something similar happened with Puerto Rico and Uruguay has a lot of black heritage but they try to hide it by all means, the Americas is a mixed continent, most of “white” americans are also mixed, Obama was not even black for latin american terms, he was a mulato-mixed-average guy in Dominicana.
on Tue May 22nd 2018 at 00:00:55 Afrofem
@ Mariana
Where did you get your percentages for race in Costa Rica?
They don’t represent the Costa Ricans I’ve met.
on Tue May 22nd 2018 at 02:12:49 abagond
The Americas are mostly based on self-identification in polls and censuses. As pointed out in the post:
If the map was based on, say, a non-Hispanic White person in the US judging pictures of random people from different countries, then the Americas, even the US itself, would probably be much less White than is shown on this map.
on Tue May 22nd 2018 at 04:07:18 sharinalr
Rober Blanche
Only if that amount is minus what was stolen from others.
@ Rober Blanche
https://abagond.wordpress.com/2010/02/25/how-white-america-got-rich/
on Sun Jul 22nd 2018 at 13:43:39 Klevis Dine
Well its obvious that for some reason you hate Albanians, but even with your categories you’re wrong. In Albania there are over 30-40% christians, So atleast make them light blue.
on Mon Jul 23rd 2018 at 12:32:34 Solitaire
@ Klevis Dine
“Well its obvious that for some reason you hate Albanians”
Why, because he categorizes them as non-white?
on Mon Jul 23rd 2018 at 18:13:05 A Russian Nagpo
Now, quite ironically, this map reminds me somehow of an artwork stylized as a Russian map with a writing ‘The Great Beautiful Russia’ and pejorative names for other nations and countries around it.
It’s a pity that the artwork has been prohibited by a Russian court as ‘extremist propaganda’.
on Tue Nov 6th 2018 at 12:15:26 potato
who ever created this didnt go unviersity
on Tue Nov 6th 2018 at 12:19:45 arab looking jews wanna be white its funny
israel is white im dead xD
on Tue Nov 6th 2018 at 14:32:17 Paige
@ potato
Actually, the person who created this went to an Ivy League university. Meanwhile, you managed to make six errors in the span of one sentence.
Your comment should read, “Whoever created this didn’t go to university.” The first letter of a sentence is always capitalized. “Whoever” is one word. “Didn’t” contains an apostrophe. You completely forgot the word “to”. Your spelling of “university” didn’t even make phonetic sense. Finally, you forgot a period at the end of your sentence.
I literally know elementary schoolers who write better than you, including some who don’t speak English as a first language. Come back and comment when you’ve passed the first grade – or don’t, since I doubt anyone will miss you.
on Tue Jan 15th 2019 at 23:32:48 Burrel
Fuck off you dickhead you must be some slavic prick what you mean Albanians are not because they are Muslim why don’t you go and put some stocking and thongs on and then a big dildo up ur fucking asshole you racist fuck we Albanians we are the only white race with big dicks
on Tue Jan 15th 2019 at 23:56:40 abagond
^^ NOT to be confused with Mary Burrell.
on Wed Jan 16th 2019 at 02:02:28 Solitaire
I’m so glad you added that disclaimer, LOL!!!
on Wed Jan 16th 2019 at 11:59:16 Mary Burrell
@Abagond: Please check out that Burrel person. I don’t spell my name like that. Probably a Russian troll or bot.
on Wed Jan 16th 2019 at 13:40:10 Herneith
LOL, his obscenities are almost as bad as mine!
I really want him to provide the empirical data for this claim:
“we are the only white race with big dicks”
ROFLMAO!
on Wed Jan 16th 2019 at 17:22:16 Alberto Monteiro
This biggus dickus troll reminded me of an old brazilian joke
A girl was reading a magazine that stated that black men had the biggest “guns”. A white man who was nearby approaches and says:
– Excuse me, but this statistics is innacurate
– What do you mean?
– There are two nonblack groups who have even bigger “documents” than blacks
– Who are they?
– Native brazilians and Jews
They chat a lot, and the man impresses the girl with his knowledge of biology, anatomy, anthropoly and biostatistics. When they depart, the girl asks:
– So glad to meet you. But I don’t know your name!
– Ubirajara Rosenstein
on Fri Jan 18th 2019 at 12:20:40 Gjon
Allbania is white, majority AND historically Christian. We probably are probably under the top 10 contributors of European civilization. We’ve lived in Europe for over 3,500 years! Simply awful and misleading.
on Fri Jan 18th 2019 at 12:27:27 Herneith
Simply awful and misleading.
What, the fact that they have the biggest dirks or their 3500 years of history?
on Tue Feb 5th 2019 at 12:15:39 Adel
Race has nothing to do with religion ! Your mind is a mess ! You have decided that peoples from North Africa, Middle East and from some parts of Europe are non-white juste because they are muslm : this is bullshit ! The white race includes Europeans, North Africains and middle-easterners as well whatever the culture or the religion ….
on Tue Feb 19th 2019 at 16:37:36 Albert Kreshi
I’m so confused as to why you don’t classify Albanians or Bosnians as white. Both of these people have European and Christian ancestry. The difference is a lot of these people were converted to Islam as a result of the ottoman empire. Plus I should mention that Albanians/Bosnains are quite secular people too! So your map is just incorrect in this regard 100%.
on Sun Jun 2nd 2019 at 23:03:37 世界の白人分布図ｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗ | おすすめまとめアンテナ
[…] https://abagond.wordpress.com/2014/04/11/the-map-of-white-people/ […]
on Sun Jun 2nd 2019 at 23:07:18 世界の白人分布図ｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗ | arcanum
on Sun Jun 2nd 2019 at 23:11:27 世界の白人分布図ｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗ | 不思議ｃｈ 2ちゃんまとめ
on Sun Jun 2nd 2019 at 23:16:04 ニュース 速報 | ニュース耳より速報！気になるキジの記事！
on Mon Jun 3rd 2019 at 06:38:08 世界の白人分布図ｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗｗ | ぽにーてーる速報
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Details for: This Bright Light of Ours :
This Bright Light of Ours : Stories from the Voting Rights Fight
By: Gitin, Maria.
Material type: TextSeries: eBooks on Demand.Modern South: Publisher: Tuscaloosa : University of Alabama Press, 2014Description: 1 online resource (328 p.).ISBN: 9780817387389.Subject(s): African Americans -- Suffrage -- Alabama | African Americans -- Suffrage -- Southern States | Alabama -- Race relations | Civil rights movements -- Alabama -- History | Civil rights movements -- Southern States -- History | Civil rights workers -- California -- Biography | Gitin, Maria | Selma to Montgomery Rights March (1965 : Selma, Ala.) | Southern States -- Race relations | Voter registration -- Alabama | Voter registration -- Southern StatesGenre/Form: Electronic books.Additional physical formats: Print version:: This Bright Light of Ours : Stories from the Voting Rights FightDDC classification: 324.6/208996073075 Online resources: Click here to view this ebook.
Contents; List of Illustrations; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; Introduction; I. My Freedom Summer 1965; 1. The Call to Action; 2. The Journey Begins; 3. The Wilcox County Voting Rights Fight; 4. Welcome to Wilcox County; 5. They Were Ready for Us; 6. Selma and SNCC; 7. Out in the Field; 8. Things Heat Up; 9. The Terror Continues; 10. A Brief Reprieve; 11. Back in the Field; 12. The Beginning of Doubts; 13. This May Be the Last Time; II. Looking Back, Moving Forward: Stories of the Freedom Fighters; 14. The Intervening Years; 15. Joyful Reunions; 16. Tragic Losses, New Friendships
17. We Shall Remember Them18. We Honor Them; 19. Keep Your Eyes on the Prize; 20. A Change Is Gonna Come; Notes; Bibliography; Index
Summary: This Bright Light of Ours offers a tightly focused insider's view of the community-based activism that was the heart of the civil rights movement. A celebration of grassroots heroes, this book details through first-person accounts the contributions of ordinary people who formed the nonviolent army that won the fight for voting rights.Combining memoir and oral history, Maria Gitin fills a vital gap in civil rights history by focusing on the neglected Freedom Summer of 1965 when hundreds of college students joined forces with local black leaders to register thousands of new black voters in the rural South. Gitin was an idealistic nineteen-year-old college freshman from a small farming community north of San Francisco who felt called to action when she saw televised images of brutal attacks on peaceful demonstrators during Bloody Sunday, in Selma, Alabama.Atypical among white civil rights volunteers, Gitin came from a rural low-income family. She raised funds to attend an intensive orientation in Atlanta featuring now-legendary civil rights leaders. Her detailed letters include the first narrative account of this orientation and the only in-depth field report from a teenage Summer Community Organization and Political Education (SCOPE) project participant.Gitin details the dangerous life of civil rights activists in Wilcox County, Alabama, where she was assigned. She tells of threats and arrests, but also of forming deep friendships and of falling in love. More than four decades later, Gitin returned to Wilcox County to revisit the people and places that she could never forget and to discover their views of the "outside agitators" who had come to their community. Through conversational interviews with more than fifty Wilcox County residents and former civil rights workers, she has created a channel for the voices of these unheralded heroes who formed the backbone of the civil rights movement.
Online JK1929 .A2 G58 2014 (Browse shelf) http://uttyler.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1620029 Available EBL1620029
This Bright Light of Ours offers a tightly focused insider's view of the community-based activism that was the heart of the civil rights movement. A celebration of grassroots heroes, this book details through first-person accounts the contributions of ordinary people who formed the nonviolent army that won the fight for voting rights.Combining memoir and oral history, Maria Gitin fills a vital gap in civil rights history by focusing on the neglected Freedom Summer of 1965 when hundreds of college students joined forces with local black leaders to register thousands of new black voters in the rural South. Gitin was an idealistic nineteen-year-old college freshman from a small farming community north of San Francisco who felt called to action when she saw televised images of brutal attacks on peaceful demonstrators during Bloody Sunday, in Selma, Alabama.Atypical among white civil rights volunteers, Gitin came from a rural low-income family. She raised funds to attend an intensive orientation in Atlanta featuring now-legendary civil rights leaders. Her detailed letters include the first narrative account of this orientation and the only in-depth field report from a teenage Summer Community Organization and Political Education (SCOPE) project participant.Gitin details the dangerous life of civil rights activists in Wilcox County, Alabama, where she was assigned. She tells of threats and arrests, but also of forming deep friendships and of falling in love. More than four decades later, Gitin returned to Wilcox County to revisit the people and places that she could never forget and to discover their views of the "outside agitators" who had come to their community. Through conversational interviews with more than fifty Wilcox County residents and former civil rights workers, she has created a channel for the voices of these unheralded heroes who formed the backbone of the civil rights movement.
Description based upon print version of record.
Maria Gitin was a national fundraising and diversity trainer for twenty-eight years. She has served as Executive Director of a YWCA, founded a shelter for survivors of domestic violence, and continues to register voters in communities of color. Currently, Gitin is a frequent presenter on cultural competency and voting rights. She lives in Northern California with her photographer husband, Samuel Torres Jr.
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Towards an Ethics of Community : Negotiations of Difference in a Pluralist Society
How do we deal with difference personally, interpersonally, nationally? Can we weave a cohesive social fabric in a religiously plural society without suppressing differences? This collection of significant essays suggests that to truly honour differences in matters of faith and religion we must publicly exercise and celebrate them. The secular/sacred, public/private divisions long considered sacred in the West need to be dismantled if Canada (or any nation state) is to develop a genuine mosaic that embraces fundamental differences instead of a melting pot that marginalizes. An ethics of difference starts with a recognition of difference, not as deviance or deficit that threatens but as otherness to connect with, cherish, and celebrate. The book begins with the suggestion that our inability to come to terms with social plurality is not fundamentally the fault of religious differences, and that a public/private split inadequately deals with matters of basic difference. It then explores how encouraging people to live out their respective faiths may open new possibilities for respectful, honourable, and just negotiations of contemporary dilemmas arising out of the multicultural fabric of Canadian life. Towards an Ethics of Community introduces readers to some of the most challenging and divisive dilemmas we face in this increasingly pluralistic, postmodern world — issues such as family and domestic violence, Aboriginal rights, homosexuality and public policy, and female genital mutilation. This is a book truly global in scope and significance.
International, In English
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Regular Colleges or Educational Institutions Arts, Science and Commerce Economics
Ph.D. Political Science Colleges In West Bengal
Selected Course : Ph.D. Political Science
Top Arts, Science and Commerce Colleges In India
B.A. Economics
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Integrated M.Sc Economics
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M.Phil. Economics
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Rabindra Bharati University : Faculty of Arts, Kolkata
56-A Barrackpore, Trunk Road , Kolkata (Kolkata Dist.) - 700050
Rabindra Bharati University was established on May 8, 1962
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Oregon City, OR - Providence Willamette Falls Medical Center's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit is seeking a Medical Director for its 20-bed unit, co-located with the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic for continuity of care. Experience all that the Pacific Northwest has to offer from the beautiful and welcoming city of Oregon City.
Full-time position - 0.2 FTE Medical Directorship/0.8 FTE clinical role.
2-plus years' experience required.
Position includes rounding on patients in the unit and Emergency Department consults.
Some weekend coverage and call on a rotating basis.
Multi-disciplinary and collaborative team of physicians, nurses, mental health therapists, mental health associates and social workers.
Where You'll Work
Providence Willamette Falls Medical Center, one of five Providence hospitals in the Portland area, has 143 licensed beds and a medical staff of 150. In operation since 1954, Providence Willamette Falls is a leader in community outreach and involvement. An expanded wing houses fully digital, state-of-the-art Emergency and Diagnostic Imaging departments, offering some of the most advanced medical technology in Oregon.
Oregon City, the traditional end of the famous Oregon Trail, is now an attractive suburb of Portland, its younger and much larger sibling to the north. Set at the confluence of the Clackamas and Willamette rivers, Oregon City offers a quiet, scenic alternative to Portland while remaining close enough to benefit from Portlands notable public transit system and abundance of cultural amenities.
Who You'll Work For
Providence Health & Services (PH&S) offers a comprehensive range of health and social services at more than 20 hospitals, 400 clinics and hundreds of locally driven programs across four western states: Alaska, Montana, Oregon and Washington. With multiple Magnet and Pathway to Excellence designations, PH&S is committed to its 100-year mission of serving the poor and vulnerable by providing compassionate care to all who need its services.
Job ID Number: 10506
Facility Name: Providence Willamette Falls Medical Center
Location Name: Oregon City, OR (Portland Metro Area)
Brand Name: Providence Health & Services
Provider Profession: Other
Medical Specialty: Psychiatry
Job Setting: Hospital, Medical Clinic
Type of Role: Clinical
Type of Role: Medical Director
Sub-specialty: Psychiatry Child and Adolescent
Email: emma.frires@psdrecruit.org
Schedule: Full Time
CP: Yes
CB: Yes
NP: No
PA: No
HC: Yes
IS: No
YM: Yes
If you have questions about this specific job or others, I'm all ears. Send me a note and we'll be one step closer to the right opportunity.
Emma Frires
Provider Recruiter
emma.frires@psdrecruit.org
Provider Solutions + Development creates healthier communities by forging lasting partnerships between providers and not-for-profit health systems. For 20+ years, we’ve helped thousands of physicians and advanced practice clinicians achieve their practice potential by consulting, mapping and managing their career moves. Founded within Providence Health & Services, we’re now a clinical career navigation group with a purpose-driven culture. Some of the nation’s preeminent health systems entrust us with finding the right providers – not just any providers – for mutual, long-term success. We’re here to help you discover, select and manage the next step in your career journey. Where would you like to go?
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Graduate stories: How to dream big and keep winning
Posted by 4MAT Administrator
Posting date:6/21/2019 3:43 PM
by David Westcough | Project Engineer, Rail Consulting
David has just completed Atkin's two-year graduate scheme in transportation. From learning on the job, to working face-to-face with some of our most important clients, and now working on a future-forward project for the UK – David’s career is soaring. In this blog he tells us of his proudest accomplishment on our programme…
2017: Taking on a dream challenge
When I first heard about the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) Railway Challenge 2017, I knew I had to be involved. It’s not only an incredible competitive experience, but also a dream opportunity to push innovation. Energy storage and efficiency are the two biggest issues that face train manufacturers today. So the most exciting thing for me was that by tackling these during the competition, we had a real opportunity to make a difference to the rail industry.
Our challenge was to design and manufacture the most innovative, efficient AND quietest small-scale locomotive. This meant creating a 10 1⁄4” gauge miniature locomotive from scratch, and one that was better than 11 other company and university entries. As part of the competition we also had to produce a design report, innovation report and business case.
We soon had a team of nine fellow graduate engineers – and it was game on!
Leading our team of trailblazers
It soon became clear to all of us just how complex the locomotive’s mechanical and electrical systems had to be. And we knew that if we wanted to win, we needed full collaboration from each member of our multidisciplinary squad.
As team leader, I put on my project manager’s hat. I ensured that each of us understood what was required at all times and that we were continually working towards our common goal – building the best locomotive in the competition. To make this happen, I created project and approval plans and communicated these to everyone involved in delivery, checking and approval of the project.
Putting safety first
Taking part in the Railway Challenge allowed us to put our imaginations and resourcefulness to the test. It also gave us the hands-on experience of what it takes to make a locomotive from start to finish.
In reality, working with heavy components, machinery and electrical circuitry is hazardous. So I was extremely concerned about the safety of everyone working on and operating the locomotive. Treating it as I would a client project, I carried out a risk assessment and wrote a method statement for the entire project. I ensured that we stuck to all safety mitigations the whole time. I’m proud to say that no one on our team was injured.
United by integrity
With tight deadlines ever looming it’s natural to be tempted to cut corners and compromise. It was my responsibility to ensure that everything went through our company’s checking and approvals procedure. It helped that each of us was determined that our locomotive would be outstanding.
I motivated the team to carry out all changes suggested by our checking procedure, and to apply the thorough checks again each time. We would only move on to the next stage once our chief checker was content. I also took on full responsibility for putting our design report together and made sure it was high quality before submitting it. Our team won the design challenge’s best design report!
Innovation achieved
I can speak for the whole team when I say that innovating in this competition felt like we were contributing to something much bigger. One of the features we created for our locomotive was a battery health monitoring system which calculated the remaining battery life of the locomotive’s batteries. This new feature, has never been used before in the rail industry. By monitoring battery health in this way we can better schedule maintenance and really maximise the revenue-earning use of trains. It will make trains more reliable, reduce operator costs and carbon emissions and make our customers happier!
As a result of all our hard work together, we arrived at the competition weekend excited that we had a solid entry. We ended up winning four out of the nine individual challenges – Reliability, Noise, Ride Comfort and Design. And with a top score of 1,087 out of a maximum of 1,500 we won the competition overall!
What it has meant to me professionally
One of the best things about the Railway Challenge has been taking what I learned into my work. The experience has convinced clients of my abilities and made them trust that I can deliver to a high standard. I’ve served a secondment with one of Britain’s major train operating companies, who have so valued my work that they asked the business for further support. This has directly meant great opportunities for my fellow graduates.
Future of Rail 2018 Competition
I didn’t realise how many doors the Railway Challenge would open for me. Since the 2017 competition, I have presented on my involvement in the Railway Challenge to audiences such as the London Underground Technical Society and IMechE, where as a result, I won the IMechE Future of Rail 2018 competition.
I also wrote guidance and handover documentations for the following year’s Railway Challenge team and attended the 2018 competition weekend to support our successors and offer guidance when needed. They were amazing and improved on our competition performance, winning five out of the nine individual challenges.
Advancing futures
Being on the business’s graduate programme has inspired me to reach out to younger people who are hungry for the types of opportunities that I have had. I enjoy volunteering for the Young Rail Professionals, an organisation that promotes the rail industry as a great place to work and develops the next generation of railway talent.
Through them, I’ve organised several careers and networking events, which have enabled young professionals to develop and establish professional industry relationships that are enhancing their career opportunities.
As you probably have guessed, innovation really excites me. So I’m over the moon to be supporting hydrogen-fuelled vehicle development, which will be ground-breaking for the UK!
Inspired by David’s opportunities? Discover how you can start progressing an amazing career with us here.
What companies are really looking for in today’s engineer
Senior Project Manager - Infrastructure/Highways
Project Manager/Senior Project Manager
Senior Bilingual Project Engineer
Project Manager - Infrastructure
Project Manager/Senior Project Manager- Residential
Our application process levels the playing field
“I’m Ben, an engineering student doing an Industrial Placement Year with Atkins. Last Christmas I applied for a placement in Transportation, but was unsuccessful in the situational judgement test. This meant I could not continue the process and I hadn’t got the placement.
Wiltshire Major Road Network
Following public consultation in 2017, the Government announced the first wave of funding from the ‘National Roads Fund’ to be spent on the Major Road Network (MRN) and/or Large Local Major (LLM) schemes
ADS&T grads tell all!
Daniel Robinson and Greg Bannatyne discussing their experiences on the graduate programme, having now completed their 3rd and final year of the graduate scheme. Both Daniel and Greg have a background of qualifications in aerospace and have been working in our Mechanical Engineering team within Aerospace, Defence, Security & Technology business (ADS&T). Questions asked by James Domone.
Summer event marks career milestone for 200 grads
Earlier this summer, 200 graduates from across our UK businesses came together for a two-day development event at The University of Warwick which marked the completion of the three-year programme for those who joined us in 2016.
did you know that by 2020,
gen z will be 24% of the
global workforce?
What impact will they have on the future of work?
Options: 5056, 6543, 7984
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Carrickleck National School
Carrickleck National School, Carrickleck, Kingscourt, Co.Meath
Whole School Evaluation
Sport – Hurling
Sport – Gaelic Football
Sport – Soccer
Sport – Athletics
Sport – Rounders
School Mass
End of School Mass June 23rd 2017:
Our End of Year Mass was celebrated by Fr. Gerry MC Cormack in the school on the 23rd June at 2 pm. Present were parents, pupils of the school .
Sean Walsh accompanied the children on the keyboard as they entertained the gathering with some lovely tunes on the tin whistle through out the service.
Fr. Gerry wished the pupils in 6th class every success and happiness in the years ahead as they begin life in secondary school.
Jackie Ward thanked all the pupils and parents for their support throughout the year.She thanked the staff for their work in the school over the past year . She also thanked Ms. Fitzpatrick for acting principle for through out the year and Mrs. Mc Eneany for teaching the pupils in the senior room. She thanked the Parents Association for all their help and support during the year.
Presentations were made to the 6th class pupils who received a certificate and a voucher for Easons to mark the occasion of their leaving.
A bouquet of flowers was presented to Aine Mc Eneany and Breda Fitzpatrick for all their help on behalf of the school. When all was finished we enjoyed a cup of tea and a chat.
End of Year School Mass 2016
Our End of Year Mass was celebrated by Fr. Seamus Cassidy in the school on Thursday 23rd June at 2pm. Rosena Jordan, president of the INTO and former teacher in the school from 1983 until 2004, was present along with Roisin Hughes, Chairperson of the Board of Management, and Fr. Mark English, school chaplain. Also present were parents, pupils and past pupils of the school including some who attended school with Fr. Seamus away back in the forties. He was delighted to see them there.
Sean Walsh accompanied the children on the keyboard as they entertained the gathering with some lovely tunes on the tin whistle before mass began. After Mass Fr. Seamus spoke of his delight to be back in Carrickleck school after so many years. He formally blessed the school and its pupils and staff. He wished the pupils in 6th class every success and happiness in the years ahead as they begin life in secondary school. He also congratulated Micheál and Catherine Kieran on their retirement from the school after so many years and wished them many years of good health and happiness.
Micheál Kieran thanked all present for their attendance and good wishes. He thanked his close family and extended family for all their support, help and encouragement over all his 46 years teaching and especially during his 33 years in Carrickleck school. He said that the pupils of the school were always his inspiration and focus and he asked them to continue to be the best they can be for Ms. Fitzpatrick and the new principal from next September. He thanked all his teaching colleagues for their dedication and hard work in the school. He thanked Margaret Duff for her teaching and commitment to the pupils in the school for the past 11 years and wished her well in her full time role in Kingscourt school from next September. He also thanked Sandra Clarke for her work in the school over the past year and a half. a bouquet of flowers and a gift was presented towho had been busy preparing for the day and had laid on a beautiful buffet to be enjoyed at the conclusion of the day. He thanked Fr. Seamus for offering the Mass and wished Fr. Mark every blessing as he leaves the parish after his work in the parish over the past year.
Presentations were made to the 6th class pupils who received a certificate and an engraved pen to mark the occasion of their leaving; Fr. Seamus was presented with a card and gift as a memento of the day; a bouquet of flowers and a gift was presented to Margaret Duff on behalf of the pupils and staff of the school; a bouquet of flowers and a gift was presented to Catherine Kieran on behalf of the Parents Association; a picture of the school painted by a parent and a framed series of photographs of the pupils with their autographs attached among other gifts were presented to Micheál Kieran on behalf of the pupils and parents by the Parents Association.
When all was finished, photographs were taken and all present went to enjoy the beautiful food and continue with the chat.
Many thanks to all for making it a wonderful and memorable day in the life of the school and a day that I will always remember on a personal level.
Míle Buíochas,
Micheál Kieran
Congratulations to Hiphopical!
Green School Day of Action – Water
Santa Claus comes to Carrickleck N.S.
Cross Country Championship 2018
Carrickleck, Kingscourt, Co Meath
A82 XK71
Email: carrickleckns@gmail.com
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The latest from UH Research every Wednesday. View in browser.
Inside Research
News, Events and Resources for the UH Research Community
Latest News Upcoming Events Announcements Recent Grant Awards Featured Funding Ops
Researchers Developing Early Detection, Home Monitoring Tests for Lupus Nephritis
With $5 million in grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), two UH biomedical researchers are moving the needle on early detection and monitoring of kidney nephritis, or inflammation, in patients who have Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, known simply as lupus.
Bauer Professor and Chair Recognized for Intellectual Contributions
The Association of International Business (AIB) Executive Board has awarded Management & Leadership Department Chairman and Professor Steve Werner the Journal of International Business Studies (JIBS) Silver Medal.
Computer Science Student Named Snap Research Fellow
Gustavo Aguilar, a Ph.D. student in computer science, is a 2019 Snap Research Fellow. His research uses natural language processing to analyze social media posts.
April 4: Univeristy Research Explained: Transmittal Routing
Faculty Cafe, E.Cullen, Ground Level, Rm. 31
April 11: Startup Pains: What I Wish I Knew
Innovation Center, UH Technology Bridge, Building 4, Floor 2
April 17: Foundation Funding + TRIP
12 p.m.-1 p.m.
April 17: Policy in Cybersecurity
Student Center South, Space City Rm. 214
April 23: Mastering the Craft of Research
12 p.m.-1:30 p.m.
Are you in search of research subjects? Are you curious if enough subjects exist with a given condition to propose a research study or clinical trial? How about healthy control subjects?
DOR is now a member institution of ResearchMatch – a national recruitment registry that brings together researchers and people who are interested to learn more about research studies.
This service is available at no cost to UH investigators. More information, tools, and instructions to create an account can be found on the UH ResearchMatch site.
View past announcements on the Division of Research website.
Recent Grant Awards
CAREER: TARGETING NOVEL PHOSPHORS FOR THE NEXT GENERATION OF SOLID-STATE WHITE LIGHTING
PI/Department: Jakoah Brgoch, Chemistry
Sponsor: National Science Foundation
Amount: $656,135
CRII: SATC: TOWARDS EFFICIENT AND SCALABLE CROWDSOURCED VULNERABILITY-DISCOVERY USING BUG-BOUNTY PROGRAMS
PI/Department: Aron Laszka, Computer Science
CORTISOL SYNCHRONY IN ADOLESCENTS AND THEIR PARENTS
PI/Department: Daphne Hernandez, Health and Human Performance
CO-PI/Department: Tzu-An Chen, Health and Human Performance
CO-PI/Department: Ezemenari Obasi, Psychological, Health & Learning Sciences
Sponsor: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
RECYCLING AND SUSTAINABILITY SERVICE OPPORTUNITIES FOR ABSORBENT HYGIENE PRODUCTS
PI/Department: Andrew Lewis Hines, Human Development and Consumer Sciences
Sponsor: Kimberly Clark Corporation
ANALYSIS OF SOIL IN TEXAS STATE FOR THE BENEFICIAL UNDERSTANDING OF THEIR ECOLOGY IN THE ECOSYSTEMS
PI/Department: Debora Frigi Rodrigues, Civil Engineering
Sponsor: BRAUN & GRESHAM Attorneys at Law
CHARACTERIZATION OF TEXAS SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND ITS ROLE IN THE FATE AND TRANSPORT OF AGROCHEMICALS
PI/Department: Stacey M. Louie, Civil Engineering
QUANTIFYING WATER-EXTRACTABLE AND ALKALI-EXTRACTABLE FRACTIONS OF ORGANIC MATTER IN TEXAS SOILS
PI/Department: Devin Shaffer, Civil Engineering
THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL MICROBES ON PLANT-INSECT INTERACTIONS ACROSS A SUCCESSIONAL GRADIENT
PI/Department: Kerri M. Crawford, Biology & Biochemistry
EFFECTS OF A RAINFALL GRADIENT ON PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS
THE IMPACT OF FLOODING ON AFFORDABLE HOUSING
PI/Department: Susan Rogers, G.D. Hines College of Architecture and Design
Sponsor: Local Initiatives Support Corporation
A DEEP-LEARNING DRIVEN IMPROVED ENSEMBLE APPROACH FOR HURRICANE FORECASTING
PI/Department: Yunsoo Choi, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences
Sponsor: Earth Science Information Partners
Featured Funding Opportunities
Health Science, Engineering & Technology Social Sciences, Art & Humanities Education
Funding Agency: CDC
Title: Multi-Site Study of the Health Implications of Exposure to PFAS-Contaminated Drinking Water
Application Deadline: 5/30/19
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is soliciting research to commence a multi-site study on the human health effects of exposures to drinking water contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Proposed study sites must include communities using PFAS-contaminated private residential wells or public water systems. Exposure assessment will be based on measured PFAS serum levels as well as estimated PFAS serum levels derived from pharmacokinetic modeling of reconstructed PFAS drinking water concentrations over time.
Specifically, grant awardees will be required to conduct historical reconstruction/water modeling in order to determine the PFAS concentration. Effect biomarkers such as lipids and tests of immune and thyroid function derived from pharmacokinetic modeling of reconstructed PFAS drinking water concentrations over time will be evaluated. ATSDR intends this research to be a two-part program consisting of (1) a mandatory core research protocol to allow ATSDR to aggregate the core data and to compare laboratory and statistical analyses across sites, and (2) each successful awardee will have the option to propose additional investigator-initiated research questions and hypotheses related to the overall goals of this NOFO.
Funding Agency: HHS
Title: Rehabilitation Research and Training Center (RRTC) on Employment of People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
LOI Deadline: 5/3/19
The purpose of the RRTCs, which are funded through the Disability and Rehabilitation Research Projects and Centers Program, is to achieve the goals of, and improve the effectiveness of, services authorized under the Rehabilitation Act through well-designed research, training, technical assistance, and dissemination activities in important topical areas as specified by NIDILRR.
These activities are designed to benefit people with disabilities, family members, rehabilitation service providers, policymakers and other research stakeholders. The purpose of this particular RRTC is to conduct research, training, technical assistance, and related activities to contribute to improved employment outcomes of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Funding Agency: NASA
Title: Appendix D: Topics in Human Health Countermeasures, Human Factors, and Behavioral Performance
Step 1 Proposal: 4/29/19
Step 2 Proposal: 7/9/19
Results of previous studies on the ISS have indicated that six months of spaceflight increase stiffness of the carotid and femoral arteries and insulin resistance in astronauts (Hughson et al., 2016; Arbeille et al., 2016). Other aspects of the cardiovascular system’s adaptation to weightlessness have been studied, including for example systolic and diastolic function, cardiac chamber size and wall thickness, risk of arrhythmia, and risk of coronary artery atherosclerosis.
The health and clinical effects of these findings are currently being debated and tested in space, and it is not known, whether longer duration flights could augment them. In addition, the efficiency of the in-flight exercise countermeasures to protect the cardiovascular system against increased vascular stiffness as well as against cardiac atrophy for one year in space is not known. The purpose of this topic is therefore to understand if there are augmented cardiovascular health risk effects of extending missions to one year on ISS and the temporal profile of cardiovascular adaptation.
Title: Youth Engagement in Sports: Collaboration to Improve Adolescent Physical Activity and Nutrition (YES Initiative)
The YES Initiative seeks to support projects that address the HHS priority to expand youth participation in sports and encourage regular physical activity, especially for youth populations with lower rates of sports participation and communities with limited access to athletic facilities or recreational areas. YES Initiative applicants should address unhealthy physical activity and nutrition behaviors in racial/ethnic minority and socio-economically disadvantaged youth, including specifically girls, and provide opportunities to learn skills and gain experiences that contribute to more positive lifestyles and enhance their capacity to make healthier life choices.
The YES Initiative intends to identify effective collaborations and/or existing community organizational partnerships that aim to improve physical activity and nutrition by increasing sports participation of racial/ethnic minority and/or socio-economically disadvantaged youth, including specifically girls. YES Initiative projects will develop and implement sports fitness programs based on successful evidenced based practices for youth engagement, using experimental design, and result in the identification of model sustainable strategies that increase participation in range of physical activities that support a healthy lifestyle and improve the overall health among youth who, at baseline, do not meet current physical activity guidelines.
YES applicants must propose to implement programs that will serve at a minimum 130 males and/or females in 6th, 7th and/or 8th grades over the course of two years. Proposals must describe, using geographic indicators and data from representative probability-based samples surveys or other representative population data, the demographic characteristics of the populations to be served by the project, including race/ethnicity, gender, socio-economic status and geographic location.
Funding Agency: National Institutes of Health
Title: NIH Directors Early Independence Awards (DP5 Clinical Trial Optional)
Internal Deadline: 5/14/19
LOI Deadline: 8/13/19
The NIH Director's Early Independence Award supports exceptional investigators who wish to pursue independent research essentially after completion of their terminal doctoral/research degree or end of post-graduate clinical training, thereby forgoing the traditional post-doctoral training period and accelerating their entry into an independent research career. For the program to support the best possible researchers and research, applications are sought which reflect the full diversity of the research workforce.
Individuals from diverse backgrounds and from the full spectrum of eligible institutions in all geographic locations are strongly encouraged to apply to this Funding Opportunity Announcement. In addition, applications in all topics relevant to the broad mission of NIH are welcome, including, but not limited to, topics in the behavioral, social, biomedical, applied, and formal sciences and topics that may involve basic, translational, or clinical research. Limited Submission Applications are submitted through this Sharepoint site.
Science, Engineering, & Technology
Funding Agency: Department of Energy
Title: Accelerated Research in Quantum Computing (ARQC)
The DOE SC program in Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) hereby announces its interest in receiving applications from large multi-disciplinary teams (requesting support of more than $2 million per year) with the potential to dramatically accelerate research in quantum computing (QC). This FOA solicits applications for Accelerated Research in Quantum Computing (ARQC) Teams that will adopt a holistic and disciplined approach to address basic research gaps in the abstractions, methods and tools that connect QC applications to hardware.
Funding Agency: USDA
Title: Agriculture and Food Research Initiative - Sustainable Agricultural Systems
Applications to the FY 2019 Agriculture and Food Research Initiative - Sustainable Agricultural Systems (SAS) Request for Applications (RFA) must focus on approaches that promote transformational changes in the U.S. food and agriculture system within the next 25 years. NIFA seeks creative and visionary applications that take a systems approach, and that will significantly improve the supply of abundant, affordable, safe, nutritious, and accessible food, while providing sustainable opportunities for expansion of the bioeconomy through novel animal, crop, and forest products and supporting technologies.
These approaches must demonstrate current and future social, behavioral, economic, health, and environmental impacts. Additionally, the outcomes of the work being proposed must result in societal benefits, including promotion of rural prosperity and enhancement of quality of life for those involved in food and agricultural value chains from production to utilization and consumption.
Funding Agency: National Science Foundation
Title: NSF Program on Fairness in Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Collaboration with Amazon
Proposal Deadline: 6/25/19
NSF has long supported transformative research in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). The resulting innovations offer new levels of economic opportunity and growth, safety and security, and health and wellness. At the same time, broad acceptance of large-scale deployments of AI systems relies critically on their trustworthiness which, in turn, depends upon the collective ability to ensure, assess, and ultimately demonstrate the fairness, transparency, explainability, and accountability of such systems. Importantly, the beneficial effects of AI systems should be broadly available across all segments of society. NSF and Amazon are partnering to jointly support computational research focused on fairness in AI, with the goal of contributing to trustworthy AI systems that are readily accepted and deployed to tackle grand challenges facing society.
Specific topics of interest include, but are not limited to transparency, explainability, accountability, potential adverse biases and effects, mitigation strategies, validation of fairness, and considerations of inclusivity. Funded projects will enable broadened acceptance of AI systems, helping the U.S. further capitalize on the potential of AI technologies. Although Amazon provides partial funding for this program, it will not play a role in the selection of proposals for award. Advancing AI is a highly interdisciplinary endeavor drawing on fields such as computer science, information science, engineering, statistics, mathematics, cognitive science, and psychology.
As such, NSF and Amazon expect these varied perspectives to be critical for the study of fairness in AI. NSF's ability to bring together multiple scientific disciplines uniquely positions the agency in this collaboration, while building AI that is fair and unbiased is an important aspect of Amazon’s AI initiatives. This program supports the conduct of fundamental computer science research into theories, techniques, and methodologies that go well beyond today's capabilities and are motivated by challenges and requirements in real systems.
Social Science, Arts and Humanities
Funding Agency: National Endowment for the Humanities
Title: Research and Development
The Research and Development program supports projects that address major challenges in preserving or providing access to humanities collections and resources. These challenges include the need to find better ways to preserve materials of critical importance to the nation’s cultural heritage—from fragile artifacts and manuscripts to analog recordings and digital assets subject to technological obsolescence—and to develop advanced modes of organizing, searching, discovering, and using such materials.
This program recognizes that finding solutions to complex problems often requires forming interdisciplinary project teams, bringing together participants with expertise in the humanities; in preservation; and in information, computer, and natural science. The exact mix of specialists will depend on the particular nature of the project. Your project team should embody a well-defined humanities perspective that can frame your objectives and guide the project to successful completion. Such a perspective may be provided by members of an advisory committee, consultant(s), a project co-director, or another participant. All projects must demonstrate how advances in preservation and access would benefit the cultural heritage community in supporting humanities research, teaching, or public programming.
For more information about available grants, visit our Pivot system or Grants.gov.
Lindsay Lewis | University of Houston Division of Research
lewis@uh.edu | uh.edu/research | 713-743-0951
This is an official message sent by the University of Houston. To verify the validity of this message, email security@uh.edu.
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Analytics And Crowd Control
Managing crowds is a messy, complex task - analytics can help
AnalyticsBig DataData Science
Charlie Sammonds
In October, Chelsea FC traveled the short distance across London to face a West Ham side in the midst of a revival after a dreadful start to the English Premier League campaign. The good form continued as goals from Cheikhou Kouyaté and Edimilson Fernandes sent Antonio Conte’s Chelsea side crashing out of the EFL Cup at the Olympic Stadium. The win was a significant one for under pressure West Ham manager Slaven Bilic but, unfortunately for the Croatian, all the noise around the game has been dominated by events off the pitch.
The violence that erupted between the West Ham and Chelsea fans was at once both shocking and tediously predictable. Such London derbies all too often end in violence, and as both punches and missiles were thrown, the conversation turned to whether or not the Olympic Stadium was fit to host games at all. A number of games have seen violence in the stands since the club moved in the summer, and measures like restricting alcohol in the stadium has done little to curb the issue.
This is where analytics can help. Algorithms for video analytics have significantly improved, and companies can now apply crowd control technology to a variety of different arena types, identifying possible risks and mitigating the issues that come with large potentially unruly crowds.
One of the major issues in Chelsea’s clash with West Ham was the layout of the stadium and the herding of the support. 5,182 Chelsea fans were funnelled through a narrow entrance of just eight turnstiles, some feared a crush could happen and the mood turned sour before a ball was even kicked. The Olympic stadium is an example of a stadium in which it’s difficult to separate the opposing sets of fans entirely, but a more developed approach to crowd flow could’ve calmed the crowd early on.
Sensory equipment and proper video analysis can be used to identify bottlenecks and congested areas by looking at crowding in the past as an indicator of future issues. Stadiums can position staff and allocate resources accordingly, predicting where crowding may occur and at what times, rather than using guesswork or simply being reactive. This kind of data collection allows for testing, too; stadium staff will be able to experiment with different arrangements of stewards and different funnelling strategies, for example, whilst being able to see the effects of the changes
If violence can’t be avoided, though, the use of facial recognition technology could help identify those perpetrating it. Software produced by companies like Herta Security utilizes data from multiple security cameras, detecting faces in real-time across the different cameras to build a picture of the person’s journey. West Ham, for example, has promised to issue lifetime bans to anyone they find guilty of inciting violence in the stadium, a lengthy process without the use of technology to speed things along. As well as identifying those involved after the event, the presence of facial recognition technology could act as a deterrent to future problems. Lifetime stadium bans are not something serious football fans would take lightly, and perhaps awareness of sophisticated identification technology would be enough to keep some fans from engaging.
The issue of crowd control is a thorny one, not least because mistakes so often mean injuries and even deaths. The London Stadium isn’t the first to see crowd violence and it won’t be the last, divisions between fans will always exist. What analytics allows for, though, is a more proactive and less reactive stance on crowd flow, violence, and bottlenecking. Chelsea’s clash with West Ham saw some decent football, but the violence in the stands mars the events on the pitch - if analytics can help smooth the policing in stadiums across sports, it should be embraced as quickly as possible.
Retail is reaping the rewards of predictive analysis
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Account-based marketing and how it can help small businesses
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Presenso partners with Siemens on AI predictive oil and gas maintenance
Big Data Forecasting In Pharma
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2013 PetitionsCurrently selected
City of Charlotte > Planning > Rezoning > Rezoning Petitions > 2011-2015 Petitions > 2013 Petitions
Petition Number Petitioner Location Current Zoning Proposed Zoning Decision
2013-001 Steele Creek (1997) Limited. Partnership Approximately 82.0 acres located on the west side of I-485 and surrounded by Shopton Rd, Dixie River Rd., Steele Creek Rd and Trojan Drive R-3, I-1, CC & CC (SPA) CC, CC (SPA) & MUDD-O
2013-002 Steele Creek (1997) Limited. Partnership Approximately 114 acres located on the east side of I-485 at the intersection of Sandy Porter Rd and I-485 R-3 I-1(CD) & O-1(CD)
2013-003 Childress Klein Properties Text Amendment - To allow regional mall, shopping center, office complex or certain mixed use developments to have additional signage --- --- W
2013-004 River Rock Properties Approximately 2.63 acres located on the south side of York Road and at the intersection of Grand Palisades Parkway, Langston Drive, and York Road. R-3 & MX-3 O-1(CD) A
2013-005 Charlotte Knights Approximately 8.42 acres surrounded by Graham St, W. 4th St, Mint St and Martin Luther Kin Jr. Blvd UMUD-O UMUD-O (SPA) A
2013-006 Alphabet City Development Approximately 1.66 acres of property bounded by Ridge Rd., Old Ridge Rd and Prosperity Church Rd. NS & UR-2(CD) NS & NS SPA W
2013-007 Cardinal Real Estate Partners
Approximately 10.48 acres located on the east and west sides of Forest Point Circle near the intersection of West Arrowood Road and Forest Point Blvd.
B-D(CD) O-1 A
2013-008 Central Piedmont Community College
Approximately 1.961 acres located on the southeast corner at the intersection of Alleghany Street and Ashley Rd.
INST(CD) INST(CD) SPA A
2013-009 Bonterra Builders
Approximately 3.89 acres located on the north side of Spencer Street between Academy Street and Anderson Street.
I-2 MUDD-O A
2013-010 Penske Truck Leasing Co.
Approximately 2.45 acres located on the south side of Brookford Street between Nevada Boulevard and Westinghouse Boulevard.
I-2 I-1 A
2013-011 Tyler Conner & Ashley Butler
Approximately 0.197 acres located on the west corner at the intersection of Sharon Road and Westminster Place.
R-3 UR-1(CD) A
2013-012 Kinsale Properties, LLC
Approximately 1.48 acres located on the east side of Statesville Road near the intersection of Interstate 85 and Statesville Road between Boxmeer Drive and Burch Drive.
B-2 I-2(CD) A
2013-013 Adam Fiorenza
Approximately 9.50 acres located on the north side of Providence Road West at the intersection of Old Ardrey Kell Road and Providence Road West.
R-3 R-4 A
2013-014 Lisa Hoover-Khojasteh & Mak Khojasteh
Approximately 1.26 acres located on the north side of Ballantyne Commons Parkway across from Williams Pond Lane.
R-3 O-1(CD) A
2013-015 Park South of Union, LLC
Approximately 4.99 acres located on the west side of Park South Drive between Archdale Drive and Teversham Lane.
2013-016 Valley Development, Inc.
Approximately 4.27 acres located on the east side of Wendwood Lane near the intersection of Randolph Road and Wendwood Lane.
UR-2(CD) UR-2(CD) SPA A
2013-017 NCDG, LLC
Approximately 2.91 acres located on the east side of Little Rock Road and north of the intersection at Little Rock Road and Tuckaseegee Road.
R-3 B-1(CD) A
2013-018 Ralph Wood
Approximately 4.99 acres located northeast of the intersection at Mount Holly Road and Interstate 485 along the east side of Gum Branch Road.
R-3 (LWPA) MUDD-O
(LWPA) A
2013-020 Durban Development, LLC
Approximately 1.04 acres located on the south side of Milton Road between Barrington Drive and North Sharon Amity Road.
B-1SCD NS A
2013-021 East Group Properties, LP
Approximately 43.29 acres located on the southeast corner of the intersection of Steele Creek Road and Shopton Road.
I-1(CD) & R-3 I-2(CD) A
2013-022 Mission Properties, LLC
Approximately 0.8172 acres located on the west side of South Summit Avenue near the intersection of West Morehead Street and South Summit Avenue.
2013-023 Camden
Approximately 36.10 acres located on the southwest corner at the intersection of Providence Road and Strawberry Hill Drive.
R-12MF R-17MF(CD) A
2013-024 Cambridge-Davis Lake, LLC Approximately 16.56 acres located on the northwest corner of the intersection at West W.T. Harris Boulevard and Davis Lake Parkway. CC CC(SPA) A
2013-025 Charlotte-Mecklenburg Planning Department Approximately 20.69 acres located on the south side of Old Concord Road at the intersection of North Tryon Street and Old Concord Road. B-2 & I-2 TOD-M A
2013-026 Charlotte-Mecklenburg Planning Department Text Amendment - To clarify density in the PED Overlay District --- --- A
2013-027 Gateway Communities Approximately 1.1 acres located at the north corner of the intersection of E. Tremont Ave and Euclid Ave. UR-2(CD) UR-2(CD) SPA A
2013-028 The Ronald McDonald House of Charlotte Approximately 0.50 acres located on the north side of E. Morehead Street between Queens Rd and Bromley Rd. R-12MF O-2(CD) A
2013-029 Design Resource Group Text Amendment - To allow balconies to project up to 2' into the minimum setback in the MUDD, UMUD & PED Zoning Districts --- --- A
2013-030 Piper Station Apartments, LLC Approximately 7.11 acres located on the north side of Ballantyne Commons Parkway between Rea Rd and Brittany Oaks Dr. BD(CD) & O-1(CD) R-17MF(CD) A
2013-031 The Housing Partnership Approximately 6.05 acres located on the north side of Samuel St. between Newland Rd and Statesville Ave. near the intersection of I-77 and Atando Ave. R-22MF UR-2(CD) A
2013-032 The Housing Partnership Approximately 2.05 acres located on the south corner at the intersection of Double
Oaks Road and Newland Road near Statesville Avenue. R-22MF UR-2(CD) A
2013-033 Charlotte-Mecklenburg Planning Department Approximately 2.437 acres located on the west side of North Tryon Street at the intersection of J.W. Clay Boulevard and North Tryon Street. B-1(CD) TOD-M A
2013-034 William C. Birmingham
Approximately 10 acres located on the east side of Brookshire Boulevard near the intersection of Caldwell Williams Road and Brookshire Boulevard.
R-4 LWPA I-1 LWPA A
2013-035 Summit Avenue Freedom Drive, LLC Approximately 0.494 acres located on the southwest corner at the intersection of West Morehead Street, Freedom Drive, and Walnut Avenue. B-1 (PED) B-1 (PED-O) A
2013-036 C4 Development, LLC Approximately 1.31 acres located on the east side of Valleydale Road, on the west side of Bellhaven Boulevard and across from the intersection of Coulwood Drive and Valleydale Road. O-1(CD) & B-1(CD) B-1(CD) & B-1(CD) SPA W
2013-037 Wendwood Parcel Approximately 3.70 acres located between Randolph Road and Wendwood Lane near the intersection of Randolph Road, North Wendover Road and South Wendover Road. R-3 & UR-2(CD) UR-2(CD) & UR-2(CD) SPA A
2013-038 Charlotte Area Transit System Text Amendment - To modify the information and advertising pillar sign regulations...... --- --- A
2013-039 Charlotte-Mecklenburg Planning Department Text Amendment - To add a new definition for "Brewery" and adds it as a new use………… --- --- A
2013-040 James & Yen Ngo
Approximately 0.71 acres located on the west side of West Sugar Creek Road across from Munsee Street.
2013-041 MSC Development, LLC
Approximately 1.02 acres located on the south corner at the intersection of Griffith Street and South Tryon Street.
I-2 I-2
TS-O A
2013-042 Paul Kardous
Approximately 1.42 acres located on the east side of South Mint Street between West Bland Street and Lincoln Street.
TOD-MO I-1 (TS Overlay) A
2013-043 Novant Health, Inc. Approximately 6.4 acres located at the intersection of Queens Road and East 4th Street and generally bounded by Queens Road, East 4th Street, East 3rd Street, and South Caswell Road. MUDD-O MUDD-O (SPA) A
2013-044 Wendy Field, WFG Associates, LLC Approximately 4.26 acres located on the east side of Providence Road between South Wendover Road and Providence Drive R-3 R-8MF(CD) A
2013-045 CSL Suttle Avenue, LLC Approximately 21.55 acres located on the north side of Wilkinson Boulevard along Suttle Avenue and Interstate 77. I-2 MUDD & O-1 A
2013-046 BECO South Approximately 18.22 acres located near the southwest corner of the intersection of West W.T. Harris Blvd. and Interstate 85 and generally bounded by IBM Drive. RE-2 RE-3 A
2013-047 Brookline Residential, LLC Approximately 26.68 acres located on the west side of Interstate 77 near the intersection of Reames Road and Lakeview Drive. MX-1 UR-2(CD) A
2013-048 Elevation Church Approximately 22.1456 acres located on the east and west side of Lancaster Highway and at the intersection of Lancaster Highway and Johnston Road. R-17MF(CD) & NS O-1(CD) A
2013-049 Charlotte-Mecklenburg Planning Department Text Amendment - clarifies the maximum size of wall signs in the PED, TOD and TS zoning districts if ground mounted, or monument sign is not utilized. --- --- A
2013-050 Charlotte-Mecklenburg Planning Department Text Amendment - This text amendment adds breweries as a use allowed under prescribed conditions in the certain Zoning Districts --- --- A
2013-051 Providence Preparatory School, LLC
Approximately 1.97 acres located on the north corner at the intersection of Providence Road and Westbury Road.
R-3 INST(CD) A
2013-052 Arden Group
Approximately 39.06 acres located on the southeast corner at the intersection of Interstate 85 and University City Boulevard across from IKEA Boulevard.
CC B-2(CD) A
2013-053 Brian A. Crutchfield
Approximately 0.935 acres located on the east side of Sharon Road at the intersection of Eastburn Road and Sharon Road.
R-3 NS A
2013-054 Mark Swartz
Approximately 4.47 acres generally located along Mount Clare Lane, Park South Station Boulevard, and at the intersection of Park Royal Avenue and Archdale Drive.
MX-2 MX-2 SPA A
2013-055 Marsh Realty
Approximately 2.473 acres located on the north side of Euclid Avenue between Templeton Avenue and Lexington Avenue.
O-2 TOD-M(O) A
2013-056 Batandpick Partners LLC
Approximately 0.206 acres located on the southwest corner of the intersection of South Church Street and Lincoln Street
TOD-MO I-1(TS) A
2013-057 O'Leary Group Waste Systems, LLC
Approximately 1.59 acres located on the north side of Odum Avenue between Centre Street and Idaho Drive.
Approximately 13.57 acres located on the south side of Morris Field Drive between CPCC Harris Campus Drive and Capitol Drive.
2013-059 Clachan Properties, LLC
Approximately 6.0 acres located on north side of the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad between Louise Avenue and Hawthorne Lane.
I-2 MUDD(O) A
2013-060 LandNet, LLC
Approximately 3.56 acres located on the southeast corner at the intersection of South Tryon Street and Steelecroft Parkway.
2013-061 Charlotte-Mecklenburg Planning Department Text Amendment - Adds a new definition for "Exposition Center"..... --- --- A
2013-062 8601 McAlpines, LLC
Approximately 6.83 acres located on the east side of McAlpine Park Drive near the intersection of McAlpine Station Drive and McAlpine Park Drive and to the west of Monroe Road.
O-1(CD) O-1(CD) SPA A
2013-063 Charlotte-Mecklenburg Planning Department Text Amendment - To create special sign regulations for detached business identification signs....... --- --- A
2013-064 Charlotte-Mecklenburg Planning Department Approximately 14.44 acres at the southwest intersection of Tom Hunter Rd and North Tryon Street B-2 TOD-M A
2013-065 Weekley Homes L.P.
Approximately 1.239 acres located on the south side of Iverson Way between South Boulevard and Lyndhurst Avenue.
R-5, B-2 & O-2 UR-2(CD) A
Approximately 5.22 acres located on the north side of Sharon View Road near the intersection of Sharon View Road and Mountainbrook Road.
Withrow Capital
Approximately 18.95 acres located on the west side of Northlake Centre Parkway near the intersection of Madison Square Place, Northlake Mall Drive and Northlake Centre Parkway.
R-3 & BP UR-3(CD) A
2013-068 WFG Associates, LLC
Approximately 1.15 acres located on the west corner at the intersection of East Worthington Avenue and Cleveland Avenue.
TOD-R(CD) TOD-R(CD) SPA W
2013-069 The Ryland Group, Inc.
Approximately 5.0 acres located on the north side of Providence Road West near the intersection of Tolliver Drive and Providence Road West
2013-070 Liberty Healthcare Properties of Mecklenburg County, LLC
Approximately 16.67 acres located on the south side of Providence Road West between Old Ardrey Kell Road and Community House Road.
2013-071 The Presbyterian Home of Charlotte, Inc.
Approximately 24.80 acres located on the west side of Sharon Road between Eastburn Road and Hazelton Drive.
R-3 & INST(CD) INST(CD) & INST(CD) S.P.A. A
2013-072 Full Moon of Union, LLC
Approximately 5.94 acres located at the intersection of Eastfield Road and Prosperity Church Road.
2013-073 Eastway II Holdings, LLC
Approximately 2.95 acres located on the west side of Eastway Drive at the intersection of Eastway Drive and Biscayne Drive.
B-1SCD B-D(CD) A
2013-074 Charlotte-Mecklenburg Planning Department
Approximately 0.2402 acres located on the east side of South Boulevard near the intersection of Rensselaer Avenue and South Boulevard.
B-1 TOD-M A
Approximately 0.214 acres located on the west side of South Tryon Street between West Catherine Street and West Bland Street.
I-2 TOD-M A
Approximately 8,371 square feet located on the west corner at the intersection of South Church Street and West Palmer Street.
2013-077 Charlotte-Mecklenburg Planning Department Text Amendment - To modify the building adaptive reuse regulations for breweries --- --- W
2013-078 Charlotte Douglas International Airport Approximately 60 acres generally surrounded by Wilkinson Boulevard, Marshall Drive, Shoreline Drive, Interstate 85, and Virginia Circle. R-3 & B-2 (LLWPA) I-2
(LLWPA) A
2013-079 Joseph Okoye & Sylvia Okoye
Approximately 1.59 acres located on the west side of Drive near the intersection of Audrey Street and Drive.
Eastway Drive near the intersection of Audrey Street and Eastway Drive. R-17MF INST(CD) A
2013-080 LightWay Properties, LLC
Approximately 5.7 acres located on the north side of Ballantyne Commons Parkway between Annalexa Lane and Providence Promenade Drive North.
O-1(CD) UR-2(CD) A
2013-081 Joanna Andrinopoulos
Approximately 0.45 acres located on the west side of South Boulevard between East Kingston Avenue and East Boulevard.
B-1 MUDD-O A
2013-082 Grubb Properties, Inc
Approximately 7.95 acres located on the west side of Sharon Road between Morrocroft Lane and Sharon Township Lane.
MUDD-O MUDD-O SPA A
2013-083 Dilworth Center
Approximately 0.50 acres located on the west side of Park Road across from Charlotte Drive.
B-1(CD) B-1(CD) SPA A
2013-084 Charles C. Davis, Jr.
Approximately 1.54 acres located on the south side of The Plaza near the intersection of East W.T. Harris Boulevard and The Plaza.
R-3 B-1(CD) D
2013-085 Providence Road Farms, LLC / Crosland Southeast / Childress Klein Properties
Approximately 89.5 acres located on the east side of Providence Road between Golf Links Drive and Chancelot Lane.
R-3 & R-3(CD) MUDD-O & MX-2(INNOV) A
2013-086 Grandfather Homes
Approximately 3.61 acres located on the west side of Little Hope Road between Marsh Road and Paddock Circle.
2013-087 Beacon #30, LLC
Approximately 20.47 acres located on the west side of Twin Lakes Parkway between Vance Davis Drive and Statesville Road.
BP I-1 A
Approximately 0.60 acres located on the southeast corner at the intersection of South Tryon Street and East Carson Boulevard.
Approximately 11.44 acres located on the north side of North Tryon Street and I-85 Service Road, between Macfarlane Boulevard and Stetson Drive.
2013-090 Charlotte-Mecklenburg Planning Department Text Amendment - Adds new definitions and regulations for Eating, Drinking and Entertainment Establishments --- --- A
2013-091 Shea Anniston, LLC
Approximately 11.38 acres located on the north side of Marvin Road, east of Johnston Road, between Donnington Drive and Wilklee Drive.
R-3 MX-1 A
2013-092 FMF Morehead, LLC
Approximately 2.77 acres located on the north side of East Morehead Street and south side of Kenilworth Avenue, between East Morehead and Harding Place.
MUDD-O(PED), MUDD(CD)
(PED) & O-2(PED) MUDD-O SPA (PED) & MUDD-O (PED) A
2013-093 Laurel Oak Farm, LLC
Approximately 1.23 acres located on the south side of Youngblood Road between McKee Road and Watermelon Lane.
R-3 MUDD-O A
2013-094 Halvorsen Development Corporation
Approximately 33.841 acres located on the west side of Prosperity Church Road across from Ridge Road.
R-3 & CC CC & CC SPA A
2013-095 Charlotte-Mecklenburg Housing Partnership
Approximately 7.23 acres located on the west side of Weddington Road between Simfield Church Road and Portstewart Lane.
INST(CD) R-12MF(CD) A
2013-096 Second Harvest Food Bank of Metrolina, Inc.
Approximately 15.13 acres located on the west side of North Graham Street and Spratt Street between Music Factory Boulevard and Oliver Street.
I-1 & I-1(CD) I-1(CD) & I-1(CD) S.P.A. A
2013-097 Sugar Creek Charter School, Inc.
Approximately 15.16 acres located on the south side of Glory Street and Hunslet Circle and generally surrounded by West Craighead Road, Glory Street, West Sugar Creek Road, and North Tryon Street.
R-12MF & B-2(CD) B-2(CD) & B-2(CD) S.P.A. A
2013-098 Trotter Builders
Approximately 11 acres located on the south side of Endhaven Lane and north side of Interstate 485 near the intersection of Endhaven Lane and Misty Ridge Lane.
2013-099 Michael T. Whitehead & Elizabeth M. Whitehead
Approximately 2.70 acres located on the southeast corner of the intersection at Rama Road and Sardis Road.
2013-100 SMA Carolina, LLC
Approximately 1.20 acres located on the south side of Central Avenue between Rosehaven Drive and Winterfield Place.
R-22MF O-1(CD) A
2013-101 JBDK Family LP
Approximately 2.13 acres located on the east side of Valleydale Road, on the west side of Bellhaven Boulevard and across from the intersection of Coulwood Drive and Valleydale Road.
B-1(CD) & O-1(CD) B-2(CD) W
2013-102 Wajahat & Ferah Syed
Approximately 0.40 acres located on the south side of North Davidson Street between East 33rd Street and East 35th Street.
R-5 & MUDD-O TOD-MO & MUDD-O S.P.A. A
2013-103 Thomas Keith
Approximately 5.02 acres located on the north side of Old Statesville Road across from Spring Trace Drive.
R-17MF I-1 A
City Council -
Rezoning Meeting Videos
Neighborhood Organization
A= Approved D= Denied W=Withdrawn
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6 Mucuna pruriens should also be avoided in patients with psychosis, or schizophrenia.Tablets including Mucuna pruriens are Healthy Vata, Mens Support, and Stress Ease.Not surprisingly, fruits and seeds correlate with the reproductive system and the seeds of Mucuna pruriens are revered as one of the best reproductive tonics
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115 ) On the ruleta feat erik domg remix face of it, Carroll (a pseudonym for Charles Lutwidge Dodgson) had been a rather conventional and repressed Oxford University don, but he was a keen and artistic photographer in the early days of that medium (taking, among other things, rather bohemian.
96 In 1960 the future author Jacqueline Wilson, who, as a teenager, lived in Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, captured this look after spotting two acquaintances in a record shop "in turquoise duffle coats, extremely tight jeans and cha-cha shoes being cuddled by a group of horrible spotty.One social historian has observed that "the innocuous woollen jersey, now known in Britain as the jumper or the pullover, was the first item of clothing to become interchangeable between men and women and, as such, was seen as a dangerous symptom of gender confusion".The Exis were roughly equivalent to what in France became known as les beats and included photographer Astrid Kirchherr (for whom the " fifth Beatle " Stuart Sutcliffe left the group) and artist and musician Klaus Voormann (who designed the cover for the Beatles' album.In the mid-to-late 1980s, variants of the short and fundamentally un-Bohemian rah-rah skirt (which originated with cheerleaders ) were combined with leather or demin to create a look with some Bohemian or even gothic features (for example, by the singing duo Strawberry Switchblade who took.I think maybe thats my best quality: I just dont stop.Audiences, however, did not accept the "friendly" divorced couple after so much tabloid nastiness.128 Thus, the features of hippie fashion re-emerged at various stages during the ensuing forty years.Frustrated, Cher quit Fresno High School at the age of 16 in search of her dream.This style was plainly discernible on a woodblock self-portrait of 1916 by Dora Carrington, who had entered the Slade in 1910, 46 and, indeed, the journalist and historian Sir Max Hastings has referred to "poling punts occupied by reclining girls with bobbed hair".93 The Bohemian foci during this period were the jazz clubs and espresso bars of Soho and Fitzrovia.42 Everett recalled also the Johns' woods "with wild cherry trees in blossom, and.
81 America: the beat generation and flower power edit In the United States adherents of the " beat " counter-culture (probably best defined by Jack Kerouac 's novel, On the Road, set in the late 1940s, written in 1952 and published in 1957) were associated.
My pronouns are.
These drew on, among other influences, the style, popular in retrospect, of Talitha Getty (died 1971 actress wife of John Paul Getty and step-granddaughter of Dorelia McNeil, who was represented most famously in a photograph of her and her husband taken by Patrick Lichfield.
104 The latter coincided with the revival of the bobbed style for women, promoted in London by hairdresser Vidal Sassoon, 105 initially for actress Nancy Kwan, and adopted by, among others, singers Cilla Black, 106 Billie Davis and, in America, Bev Bivens of We Five.
Also in The Dippers, a young woman tried to start a conversation about "hygienic underclothing for ladies" with a man she mistakenly believed to have written articles on the subject: "I wanted to speak to you about something delicate.
71 Ten years later, when Hobson's husband, the politician John Profumo, was involved in a sex scandal that threatened to destabilise the British government, Prime Minister Harold Macmillan wrote that "his Profumo's wife is very nice and sensible.109 Swinging London edit Beatlemania did not of itself create the apparent iconoclasm of the 1960s; however, as one writer put it, "just as Noël Coward and Cole Porter reflected the louche, carefree attitude of the Nineteen Twenties, so did the Beatles' music capture the.Cher found a mild success with the "top 10" disco hit "Take Me Home" in 1979, but not much else.L'immagine del punto vendita la 3 de aranda administración de loterías aranda de duero è un elemento fondamentale per il successo della formula monomarca in accordo con l'immagine e lo stile Sonny Bono.With all this going on, Sonny still endeavored to promote Cher as a solo success.At first Cher sang solo with Sonny behind the scenes writing, arranging and producing her songs.Pabst 's film, Pandora's Box (1929 left an enduring image of the style, which has been replicated on screen over the years, most vividly by Cyd Charisse in Singin' in the Rain (1952 Isabelle de Funès as Valentina in Baba Yaga (1973) 49 and Melanie.Retrieved November 3, 2016.
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law, Legislation November 18, 2011 December 30, 2011
PROCLAMATION TO PROVIDE FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF A TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING SYSTEM PROCLAMATION NO. 391/2004
PROCLAMATION NO. 391/2004
PROCLAMATION TO PROVIDE FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF A TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING SYSTEM
WHEREAS, it is deemed necessary to enable the country’s production, trade and service rendering establishments have a competitive and enduring organizational set up through the employment of trained manpower;
WHEREAS, it is found necessary to organize a technical and vocational education and training system that would assist the younger generation to be prepared psychologically, have discipline and the potential to work competent employee and creator of work ;
WHEREAS, to ensure that a technical and vocational education and training program produces capable manpower, it is deemed necessary to establish a system under which trainees undergo apprenticeship training in the productive and service rendering enterprise;
WHEREAS, it is found necessary to establish a uniform system for the determination of levels of competence and accreditation of training institutions and for the certification of trainees;
WHEREAS, to ensure the success of technical and vocational education and training, it has been found necessary to establish a mechanism providing for the participation of governmental and non-governmental organizations in the preparation of training programs and curricula as well as in their evaluation and management;
NOW, THEREFORE, in accordance with Articles 51 Sub Article (3) and Articles 55 Sub Article(1) of the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, it is hereby proclaimed as follows:
1. Short Title
This Proclamation may be cited as the “Technical and Vocational Education and Training Proclamation No. 391/2004”.
In this Proclamation unless the context otherwise requires:
1/ “Training means” (P391/04) any technical and vocational education and training provided through formal or non-formal program leading to a certificate or a college diploma and it also include competence earned through work experience and attested by the test of professional competence;
2/ “Training institution” (P391/04)means a public or private institution, or one owned by a non-governmental organization, and also include college which offer training to which a pre-accreditation license or an accreditation certificate is issued by the appropriate Accrediting Authority to engage in the provision of technical and vocation education and training;
3/ “Trainee” (P391/04)means a person who participates in technical and vocational education and training program provided by a training institution with a view to acquiring or upgrading his technical and vocational skills;
4/ “Public training institution” (P391/04)means a training institution established with the funds of and operated under the guidance and control of the Government.
5/ “Private training institution” (P391/04)means a training institution established by a private investor (s) or a business organization with a view to undertaking business activities;
6/ “Accreditation” (P391/04)means the granting of a certificate of competence by the appropriate Accrediting Authority to an institution providing technical and vocational education ant training evidencing its fulfillment of the basic and additional requirements relating to the specified training standard;
7/ “Accrediting Authority” (P391/04)means the Ministry or a body authorized by a State in respect of the issuance of pre-accreditation licenses and accreditation certificates as the case may be;
8/ “License” (P391/04)means a pre-accreditation licenses or an accreditation certificate issued pursuant to this Proclamation;
9/ “Primary education” (P391/04)means academic education that culminates with the completion of grade eight;
10/ “General secondary education” (P391/04)means a level of education that culminates with the completion of grade ten;
11/ “Organization ” (P391/04) (P391/04)means a production, trade or service rendering institution selected by the appropriate body to provide apprenticeship training to trainees;
12/ “Apprentice” means a person undergoing apprenticeship pursuant to a tripartite agreement concluded among a training institution, an organization and a trainee;
13/ “Apprenticeship” (P391/04)means job training undertaken by a trainee in an organization pursuant to an agreement concluded among a training institution, an organization and trainee to enable the trainee to put to practice the technical and vocational education and training he acquired in a training institution and to be acquainted with work;
14/ “Government” means the Federal Government or a State;
15/ “State” means any region recognized as a State under Article 47 (1) of the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and for the purpose of this proclamation of also includes the Addis Ababa City Administration and the Dire Dawa Administration Council;
16/ “Office” means the Technical and Vocational Education and Training Sector of the Ministry of Education;
17/ “Council” means the Technical and Vocational Education and Training Council established under this Proclamation;
18/ “Minister” and “Ministry” mean the Minister and Ministry of Education respectively;
19/ “Non-governmental organization” (P391/04)means an association registered pursuant to Article 401 and following provisions of the civil code of 1960; whose purpose is not the securing or sharing of profits to its members, and includes domestic and foreign association;
20/ “Person” means a natural or juridical person;
21/ “Business organization” (P391/04)means a business organization established in accordance with the Commercial Code of Ethiopia of 1960;
22/ “Occupational standard” (P391/04)means duties & tasks determined to be performed by employees;
23/ “Occupational training standard” (P391/04)means the input to develop a curriculum based on occupational standard which includes skill and the duration of the training;
24/ “Trade testing” (P391/04)means a test conducted based on occupational standards to determine whether or not a person has a technical and vocational skills in a specified area;
25/ “Head of a training institutions” (P391/04)means a person assigned as a director or designated at the same Level for a training institution.
This Proclamation shall apply to all training institutions organizations and the organs implementing the same.
TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRANING PROGRAMS
BASIC VOCATIONAL TRANING PROGRAMS
4. Purpose of the training program
The purpose of Basic Vocational Training Program is to provide citizens basic training which prepares them for gainful employment.
5. Areas of training
Areas of training included in Basic Vocational Training Program may be selected by the appropriate State based on local needs.
6. Criteria for admission
1/ Trainees participating in Basic Vocational Training should have at least attained literacy.
2/ Citizens who leave school before completing primary education and whose age is appropriate for the training may participate in Basic Vocational Training Program
7. Methods and language of training
1/ Basic Vocational Training Program may be carried out through non-formal methods.
2/ The language in which Basic Vocational Training may be provided shall be determined by the Regional state.
JUNIOR TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL TAINING PROGRAM
The purpose of Junior Technical and Vocational Training Program is to train the youth who have completed primary education .
Areas of training provided under Junior Technical and Vocational Training Program shall be selected by the State taking into account the country’s development strategy and the local needs for trained manpower.
10. Criteria for admission
Trainees qualifying for Junior Technical and Vocational Training Program shall have completed a minimum of primary education.
11. Duration of Training
The number of hours required for and the length of duration of the training shall be determined by the States based on the level of skill required.
12. Method and language of training
1/ Junior Technical and Vocational Training Program shall be 80% based on practice and 20% on theory.
2/ The State may determine apprenticeship training to be undergone taking into account the local objective conditions and the nature of the training.
3/ The training may be carried out through formal or non-formal programs.
4/ The language in which Junior Technical and Vocational Training may be provided shall be determined by the State.
MIDDLE LEVEL TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRANING PROGRAMS
13. Purposes of the training program
The purpose of Middle Level Technical and Vocational Education and Training Program is to prepare middle level skilled manpower in various trades
1/ Persons qualifying to be admitted to Middle Level Technical and Vocational Education and Training Program shall have completed general secondary education and have the inclination and the will to be so trained.
2/ Notwithstanding the provision of Sub-Article 1 of this Article, persons who have completed Junior Technical and Vocational Education and obtained a certificate therefore, have work experience of two years, and can produce evidence that they fulfill the profile of completion of general secondary education, or have passed the theoretical and practical test prepared for the purpose, may be admitted to Middle Level Technical and Vocational Education and Training Program.
The Office, in consultation with the Council, shall determine the number of hours and the duration of training for every area of training falling under the Middle Level Technical and Vocational Education and Training Program.
1/ Middle level technical and vocational education and training undertaken in training institutions shall comprise 70% practice and 30% theoretical education.
2/ Every trainee shall undergo apprenticeship training to reinforce his skills.
3/ If a trainee interrupts his training after completing a certain level of skills, he may resume and complete the training any time he so desires.
5/ Courses may be selected from the prescribed curriculum, and training provided to those who wish to upgrade their skills through non-formal programs.
6/ Except where training in languages is provided as a vocation middle level technical and vocational education and training shall be provided in the English language.
17. Areas of training
1/ Areas of training under Middle Level Technical and Vocational Education and Training Program shall be designed based on the country’s and local development strategy and plans.
2/ The Office shall set, modify or cancel standards for areas of training and occupations that fall under the Middle Level Technical and Vocational Education and Training Program.
3/ Areas of training and occupations selected by the Office may be put into effect selectively by the States taking into account the local objective conditions. In so doing, the standards set for said areas of training should be observed.
18. Common courses
1/ For all areas of training falling under Middle Level Technical and Vocational Education and Training Program. Courses that prepare trainees for entrepreneurship and self-employment as well as enable them for continued training shall be provided.
2/ Without prejudice to the provision of Sub-Article 1 hereof, every training institution shall, in respect of all areas of training falling under the program, provide:
a) Information and communication technology courses;
b) Mathematics courses;
c) English language courses;
d) Civics and ethics courses;
e) Courses on entrepreneurship.
3/ The Office may, based on the science and technology of the relevant time and the societal needs, modify the courses stated under Sub-Article 2 of this Article.
19. Determination of apprenticeship training program
The Office shall, in consultation with employers and other concerned parties, and on the basis of pre-determined occupational standards, determine apprenticeship program for every occupation.
20. Organizations participating in a apprenticeship training
A body empowered by the State shall, based on guidelines and criteria determined by the office, select organizations that shall participate in the provision of apprenticeship training.
21. Duties and responsibilities of organizations
Every organization selected for apprenticeship training shall have duties and responsibilities as provided hereunder:
1/ To receive and provide apprenticeship training to trainees;
2/ To assign the apprentice in the place appropriate to his training and to ensure that the apprentice acquires proper work experience;
3/ To assign a capable supervisor who would enhance the knowledge and skills of the apprentice, and should follow up and evaluate the day-to-day performance of the apprentice.
4/ To acquaint the apprentice with work rules and methods of the organization;
5/ To consider the trainee as a regular employee and to provide him the necessary inputs;
6/ To respect and enforce human dignity of the apprentice;
7/ To evaluate the performance of the apprentice and transmit the results to the training institution.
8/ by inspecting the skill that the trainee acquired forward opinion to the concerned organ as to the competency of the intuition.
9/ To cooperate and work in coordination with training institutions;
22. Duties and responsibilities of training institutions
Regarding apprenticeship traning, every training institution shall have duties and responsibilities as provided hereunder:
1/ To assign a coordinator who shall follow up and control apprenticeship training undergone by trainees;
2/ To prepare operational guidelines and detailed programs and for their implementation, to cooperate and work in coordination with organizations;
3/ To utilize result of performance evaluation relating to apprenticeship training as a criterion for certification.
4/ by receiving opinion from the institution improve the quality of the training.
23. Duties and responsibilities of an apprentice
Every apprentice shall have duties and responsibilities as provided hereunder:
1/ To diligently perform the apprenticeship training;
2/ To utilize with care and economy tools, equipment and materials supplied to him for training purposes
3/ To be acquainted with and to observe work rules and methods of the organization to which he is assigned for apprenticeship training;
4/ Without prejudice to the provisions of other laws, not to divulge to any other person work secrets of the organization that he acquired in the course of his apprenticeship training;
5/ To immediately inform the concerned body, when he becomes aware of, any event or fact which may be a threat to his or others’ health or life, or which may affect the interests of the organization;
24. Contract of apprenticeship
Contract of apprenticeship shall be concluded among a training institution, an organization and an apprentice, and shall contain the following
a) Full name and age of the apprentice;
b) Name and address of the training institution:
c) Name and address of the organization;
d) The occupation in which the apprentice is intended to undergo apprenticeship training;
e) The date on which the apprenticeship shall start and its duration; and
f) Conditions for the termination of the contract of apprenticeship.
ON THE ESTABLISHMENT AND OPERATION OF
25. Participation in the provision of training
Any public or private training institution or one owned by a nongovernmental organization may provide technical and vocational education and training.
26. Establishment
1/ Any public training institution which is accountable to any organ of the Federal Government shall be established by Regulations to be issued by the Council of Ministers.
2/ Any public training institution which is accountable to any organ of a State shall be established by a law to be issued by the State legislature.
3/ The relevant laws shall apply as regards the establishment of private training institutions or institutions owned by non-governmental organizations.
27 Organization of a training institution
1/ Every training institution shall be furnished with training facilities and equipment appropriate to the standard prescribed for its accreditation.
2/ Every institution of Middle Level Technical and Vocational Education and Training shall be organized in a compound destined for carrying out of its objectives
28. Trainers of a training institution
No training institution shall assign a person as a trainer of the institution unless he fulfils the requisite technical qualifications applicable to the job position as may be determined by directives issued by the Office.
29. Staff of a training institution
Every training institution shall have:
a) Head of training institution
b) Trainers and
c) Technical support staff.
30. Joint employment of professionals
1/ Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, a qualified professional may, in addition to his regular post, be employed by training institutions as a trainer.
2/ The days and hours of work and other conditions of work of a person engaged as a trainer pursuant to the provisions of Sub-Article 1 hereof may be determined by agreements he concludes with every employer.
ACCREDITATION OF TRAINING
31. Requirement of a pre-accreditation license
1/ Any person desiring to establish a new training institution, to upgrade an institution already accredited and operating, or to start additional training programs of such an institution, shall, before the institution starts the intended training, obtain a pre-accreditation license.
2/ The provision of Sub-Article 1 here of shall also apply to cases where any alterations are to be made to any accredited programs of a training institution.
32. Accrediting powers
1/ The Ministry shall have powers to issue pre-accreditation license and accreditation certificate to any training institution operated under the guidance and control of any organ of the Federal Government or owned by a foreign investor or a non- governmental organization incorporated in accordance with the laws of a foreign state.
2/ Without prejudice to the provisions of Sub-Article 1 hereof, the State shall have powers to issue a pre-accreditation license and an accreditation certificate to any training institutions and colleges owned by the regional state organ or domestic non-governmental organization and by domestic investor.
33. Application for pre-accreditation license
1/ A person desiring to obtain a pre-accreditation license for a training institution shall submit an application to the Accrediting Authority containing information specified under Article 34 of this Proclamation.
2/ If the applicant is a foreign investor or a person registered as a domestic investor, he shall along with the application, submit the investment certificate issued to him by the relevant authority.
3/ If the applicant is a non- governmental organization, it shall, along with the application, submit a valid certificate of registration issued to it by the relevant authority.
4/ The office may, through directives, determine information and evidence other those specified under Article 33 and 34 of this Proclamation to be submitted.
34. Contents of application for a pre-accreditation license
An application submitted pursuant Sub-Article (1) of Article 33 of this Proclamation shall contain:
a) The proposed name and chief address of the training institution, and the area of training and programs intended to be undertaken;
b) The name and address of owners of the training institution;
c) The name and address of the organ to which the training institution is accountable;
d) The organizational set up regarding the management of academic & administrative affairs;
e) The admission criteria applicable to new trainees;
f) The details of the training institution’s training facilities and equipment, library, furniture and other amenities, equipment and implements and ownership thereof;
g) The number and qualification of trainers and technical support staff of the training institution available and intended to be employed;
h) The training institution’s three-year plan.
35. Issuance and validity of a pre-accreditation license
1/ The Accrediting Authority shall issue within 15 working days a pre-accreditation license upon ascertaining that:
a) The equipment listed in the declaration attached to the application submitted by the applicant are actually available and may be utilized for training purposes;
b) The curriculum is congruent with the standard set for the program in respect of which the application is submitted;
c) The applicant has fulfilled the requirements determined by directives issued by the Office for the implementation of this Proclamation.
2/ A newly established training institution which has applied for a pre-accreditation license, or an accredited institution which has applied to upgrade its standard or to provide training in fields other than for which it has been shall, for a period of one year, operate under a pre-accreditation license;
3/ A training institution to which a pre-accreditation license has been issued shall sign and submit to the Accrediting Authority an act of undertaking to fulfill unmet requirements within the validity period of its license. The act of undertaking shall be executed in a form designed by the Accrediting Authority.
4/ If a training institution according to this article Sub Article (2) is not accredited upon the expiry of the validity period of its pre-accreditation license, determined or extended pursuant to the provisions of this Article, its pre-accreditation license shall be revoked. Provided further that the Accrediting Authority shall cause a statement to be made in the media that the pre-accreditation license of such a training institution has been revoked.
5/ Where the Accrediting Authority rejects the application submitted to it pursuant to the provisions of Article 33 hereof, it shall within thirty (30) days notify the same in writing to the applicant stating its reasons therefore.
6/ The owner of a training institution whose pre-accreditation license has been revoked shall within seven (7) days inform the trainees of the revocation of the license.
7/ the cancellation of the pre-accreditation permit of the training institution shall not rendered the training offered up to the form of cancellation valucless shll
36. Contents of a pre-accreditation license
A pre-accreditation license issued by the Accrediting Authority pursuant to the provisions of this Proclamation shall bear:
a) The name and address of the training institution;
b) The standard prescribed for the institution the accredited training programs as well as areas of training and the number of trainees;
c) Date of issue of the license and the last date of its validity period;
d) Name and signature of the authorized official signing thereon;
e) Seal of the Accrediting Authority.
37. Application for accreditation
1/ A training institution operating under a pre-accreditation license may apply to the Accrediting Authority for accreditation.
2/ An application for accreditation shall contain information specified under Article 34 of this Proclamation.
3/ The Office may issue directives which determine declarations and evidence to be attached with an application for accreditation.
38. Accreditation
1/ Where it receives an application pursuant to Article 37 hereof, the Accrediting Authority shall, upon ascertaining that the training institution meets prescribed standard, issue the institution an accreditation certificate within 10 working days.
2/ Before issuing an accreditation certificate it shall be ascertained that the training institution has met the applicable basic and supplementary requirements prescribed by directives issued by the Office.
3/ The level of training provided by a training institution accredited for specific areas of training shall be specified in its accreditation certificate.
4/ An accredited training institution shall at all times meet all requirements and standards prescribed for its accreditation.
5/ Where the Accrediting Authority rejects the application submitted to it pursuant to Article 37 hereof, it shall within thirty (30) days notify the same in writing to the applicant stating its reasons therefore.
6/ A training institution entitled to receive a new accreditation as a result of upgrading or otherwise shall, before a new one is issued to it, submit its accreditation certificate to be marked “Cancelled by the by the Accrediting Authority”.
39. Renewal of Accreditation certificate
1/ An accreditation certificate of any training institution shall be valid for a period of three years starting from the date of issue thereof.
2/ Any accredited training institution shall, six months prior to the expiry of the validity period of its accreditation certificate, apply to the accrediting Authority for renewal of its accreditation.
3/ Where it receives an application submitted pursuant to the provision of Sub-Article 2 hereof, the Accrediting Authority shall, upon ascertaining that the training institution is operated in compliance with prescribed requirements and standard, renew the accreditation.
4/ Where the Accrediting Authority rejects the application, it shall inform the same in writing to the applicant stating its reasons therefore.
5/ Directives as may be issued by the Office shall determine the contents of the application for renewal of an accreditation certificate as well as declarations and evidence to be attached thereto.
40. Issuance of a substitute accreditation certificate
1/ A training institution whose accreditation certificate has been damaged may apply for the issuance of a substitute.
2/ A training institution whose accreditation certificate has been lost shall, when applying for a substitute, attach to its application a statement explaining the circumstances relating to the loss of the certificate.
3/ The Accrediting Authority shall, upon examining the application, issue to the applicant a substitute.
41. Revocation of accreditation
1/ The Accrediting Authority may revoke an accreditation certificate on any of the following grounds:
a) Where it is proved that the accreditation was obtained upon submission of false information;
b) Where the accredited training institution fails, in case of non-compliance with the prescribed standards relating to its accreditation or violation of the provisions of this Proclamation, or Regulations or directives issued for the implementation of this Proclamation, to take corrective measures within a specified time limit following a written notice or warning given to it by the Accrediting Authority.
c) Where the training institution itself or the juridical under which the institution is operated.
2/ If the training institution whose accreditation has been revoked carries out formal training program, the decision taken to revoke its accreditation pursuant to this Article Sub Article (1) shall be effective at the conclusion of the current training period. However, the time so allowed for the completion of the training may not exceed one year.
3/ The Accrediting Authority shall cause a statement to be made in the media that the accreditation certificate of said training institution has been revoked.
4/ A training institution whose accreditation has been revoked or which has ceased to operate shall, within fifteen days of the occurrence of such event, submit its accreditation certificate to be marked “Cancelled by the Accrediting Authority”.
5/ A training attended in an institution shall not be held valueless until the cancellation of accreditation permit is realized.
42. Display of license and certificate
A training institution issued with a pre-accreditation license or an accreditation certificate shall display the original of such a license or certificate in a conspicuous place within the administration office of the institution wherein the document is easily read.
43. Follow-up and inspection
1/ The Accrediting Authority may follow up and inspect a training institution to ascertain that the institution is providing training in compliance with the conditions applicable to its accreditation and the requirements prescribed for its standard, and to take administrative measures as provided in this Proclamation.
2/ An inspector appointed by the Accrediting Authority shall have power to inspect any training institution during working hours to ascertain that the institution is providing training in compliance with the conditions applicable to its accreditation and the requirements prescribed for its standard.
3/ The inspector shall, in carrying out duties entrusted to him under this Proclamation, show his authorization and identification card to the head of the institution, its owner, or the owner’s representative.
4/ The inspector shall carry out duties entrusted to him under this Proclamation in full compliance with the requirements of transparency and accountability.
44. License and accreditation fee
1/ The Accrediting Authority shall have powers to collect fee in respect of the issuance of a pre-accreditation license or an accreditation certificate, renewal of an accreditation certificate as well as the issuance of a substitute for any certificate to private training institutions or institutions operated by non-governmental organizations.
2/ The fee payable for pre-accreditation licenses or accreditation certificates issued by the Ministry shall be determined by the Council of Ministers.
CERTIFICATION AND TRADE TESTING
45. Types of training certificates
1/ Trainees who have undergone various technical and vocational education and training programs, whether formal or non-formal, if through evaluation criteria applied by the training institution, they are found meeting the profiles prescribed for various levels of training, they shall be issued certificates evidencing completion of the training.
2/ Certificates to be issued for the various levels of training have been determined as follows:
a) Basic Level Certificate: for those who meet requirements of the profile for basic vocational training;
b) Junior Level Technical Vocational Certificate: for those who meet the requirements of the profile for Junior Technical and Vocational Education and Training;
c) For those who meet the requirements of the profile for Middle Level Technical and Vocational Education and Training:
1/ For those who have completed one year /10+1/ training program: Middle Level Technical /Vocational Certificate Level I;
2/ For those who have completed two years (10+2) training programs: Middle Level Technical/Vocational Certificate Level II;
3/ For those who have completed three years /10+3/ training programs: Middle Level Technical/Vocational College Diploma.
3/ A Trainee who undergoes short training programs to upgrade his skill shall receive certificate evidence such accomplishment.
4/ A trainee who has obtained several certificates evidencing successful completion of various short training courses or who has, based on skills he acquired through work experience, qualified through trade test, shall be entitled to be certified for a level of qualification commensurate to his test results.
5/ Certificates evidencing completion of Middle Level Technical and Vocational Education and Training Program shall have equal recognition nationwide.
46. Setting of occupational standards
1/ Occupational standards shall be determined by the appropriate bodies.
2/ Occupational standards determined pursuant to the provision of Sub Article 1 hereof shall be the basis for setting occupational training standards as well as for trade testing.
47. National trade testing system
1/ The Office shall issue directives providing for the accreditation of trade testing centers and the carrying out of a trade testing system.
2/ The Office shall cause trade testing centers to be organized by selecting competent institutions from among training institutions accredited at least at college diploma level.
3/ Any person who has, through formal or non-formal program, completed or has the necessary knowledge and work experience technical and vocational training may undergo a trade testing.
4/ The Office shall issue directives which determine the organization and operation of a Trade Test Items Bank and follow up their implementation.
5/ The Ministry or a body authorized by it shall award qualification certificates having nationwide recognition to those who so qualify in a trade testing.
PROVISIONS PARTICULAR TO PUBLIC TRAINING
48. Financial autonomy of a training institution
1/ The provisions of this Part Seven shall apply to training institutions operated under the organs of the Federal Government.
2/ Every public training institution shall have internal financial autonomy.
3/ Notwithstanding the provision of Sub Article (1) hereof, the States may grant financial autonomy to public training institutions operated under their organs in a manner similar to those provided under articles 48 through 53 of this part seven.
49. Sources of fund
The sources of fund of every public training institution shall be annual budget and subsidy allocated by the Government, training tuition fee collected from trainees, the institution’s internal income as well as donations and assistance the institution may receive.
50. Collection and utilization of training tuition fee
1/ Every public Middle Level Technical and Vocational Education and Training institution shall have powers to collect and to utilize training tuition fee.
2/ The amount and the manner of collection of the training tuition fee determined pursuant to the provision of Sub Article (1) hereof shall, before being implemented, be approved by the Council of Ministers.
3/ Any decision to increase or alter the manner of collection of any training tuition fee properly approved may be effected only upon obtaining an approval thereon pursuant to the provision of Sub Article (2) hereof.
51. Right to generate and utilize income
1/ Every public training institution shall have the right to undertake income-generating activities and to utilize any income there from.
2/ Notwithstanding the provisions of any law which may provide otherwise, every public training institution shall have the right to utilize the income it generates and to utilize any residue of any such income beyond any budget year.
3/ The funds, property as well employees of any public training institution to which the financial autonomy provided under this Part Seven applies shall be administered in a manner ensuring transparency and accountability.
52. Books of Accounts
1/ Without prejudice to the provisions of any other law, any public training institution shall keep accurate and complete books of accounts and supporting documents.
2/ Without prejudice to the provision of Sub Article (1) thereof, every public training institution shall register and keep:
a) All incomes of the institutions and their sources;
b) Expenditures of the institution;
c) Balance sheet and cash flow statements.
3/ Regarding the implementation of the obligation provided under this Article Sub Article (2) the budget year of the institution shall be the budget year of the Government.
53. Audit
1/ Books of accounts and financial documents of every training institution shall be audited annually by the Office of the Federal Auditor General.
2/ The audit report shall be presented to the organ to, which the training institution is accountable.
GOVERNANCE OF TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING SYSTEM
54. The Technical and Vocational Education and Training Sector
Unless otherwise provided by other laws, the Technical and Vocational Education and Training Sector of the Federal Ministry of Education (in this Proclamation referred to as “the Office”) shall have powers to provide superior leadership and to prescribe standards as regards technical and vocational education and training carried out in the country.
55. Objectives of the Office
The Office shall have the following GENERAL objectives:
1/ To cause technical and vocational education and training to be properly organized and to ensure its quality and continuity with the aim of realizing the country’s objectives for economic and social growth;
2/ To follow up that all citizens receive training in an equitable manner and that all training programs are based on the country’s development strategy and the needs of the labour market
3/ To build national capacity which enhances research and training regarding the technical and vocational education and training sector.
56. Powers and duties of the Office
The Office shall have powers and duties as provided hereunder:
1/ To prepare the country’s strategy for technical and vocational education and training and, when approved, to cause its implementation;
2/ To determine standards for technical and vocational education and training on the basis of the country’s economic development and growth strategy.
3/ To issue directives for the organization of middle level technical and vocational education and training programs, to prepare occupational training standards and curricula for the same, and to follow up the implementation of the same;
4/ To issue directives regarding the operation and accreditation of training institutions and to follow up their implementation;
5/ To organize trade testing systems and to supervise their operations;
6/ To issue directives for a certifications system of nationwide application and to follow up their implementation;
7/ To study and follow up that technical and vocational education and training programs are carried out in line with the country’s development strategy and human resource needs;
8/ To cause researches to be undertaken in the area of technical and vocational education and training;
9/ To issue directives for the implementation of apprenticeship training and to follow up their implementation;
10/ to cause tracer study to be carried out with a view to ensuring the effectiveness of training programs;
11/ To render assistance to the States with a view to ensuring the effectiveness of their technical and vocational education and training programs;
12/ To facilitate the participation of private investors in the area of technical and vocational education and training;
13/ To devise a system under which women, handicapped people and the young States are afforded special attention as regards technical and vocational education and training.
14/ To serve as the secretariat for the Council;
15/ To prepare plan of operations and budget of the office and implement it upon approved;
16/ In consultation with the presiding over of the council prepare the plane of operation and budget of the council and administer the same upon approval.
57. Establishment of the Council
Technical and Vocational Education and Training Council which shall provide advise and render assistance to the Office to enable the latter carry out its powers and duties effectively is hereby established.
58. Responsibilities of the Council
The Council shall have duties and responsibilities as are provided hereunder:
1/ To provide advice and render assistance to the Office to enable the latter carry out its responsibilities;
2/ Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, the Council shall be advisor to the Office and assist it as regards:
a) The organization and coordination of training programs;
b) The determination of occupational training standards, trade testing and certification;
c) The study of training and human resource needs;
d) The establishment of a system enhancing apprenticeship training;
e) The training and upgrading of technical and vocational teachers;
f) The search and enhancement of sources of fund for training purposes;
g) The determination of standards for training institutions and their accreditation;
h) Research and tracer study.
3/ The Council:
a) Shall review and comment on the plan of operations of the Office;
b) Shall cause the setting up of a system under which women, handicapped people and the relatively less developed States are afforded special attention as regards technical and vocational education and training;
c) Shall cause occupations that shall be held by trained manpower to be studied and identify the same;
c) May establish technical committees as it may deem necessary for carrying out its responsibilities;
e) Shall submit activity reports to the organ to which it is accountable.
59. Members of the Council
1/ The Council shall have 30 members.
2/ Without prejudice to the provision of Sub-Article (3) hereof, the Minister shall select and assign members of the Council. They shall be selected from:
a) The relevant government offices;
b) Associations or federations of employers, employees or professionals organized at national level;
c) The relevant non-governmental organizations
d) One or two technical and vocational training institutions;
3/ The head of the organ directing the technical and vocational education and training matters of each State shall be a member of the Council.
4/ The Council shall have a chairperson and a vice-chairperson selected and nominated by the Minister.
60. Meetings of the Council
1/ The Council shall have a regular meeting at least once in every three months. The chairperson of the Council or at least 1/3 of its members may, however, convene an extraordinary meeting whenever an urgent matter arises.
2/ There shall be a quorum where more than half of the members of the Council are present at the meeting.
3/ Decisions of the Council shall be passed by majority vote of members present at its meeting. In case of a tie, the chairperson shall have a casting vote.
4/ In the absence of the chairperson, the vice-chairperson shall assume all his functions.
5/ Without prejudice to the other provisions of this Article, the Council may issue rules to determine its own working procedure.
61. Allowance of members of the Council
Members of the Council are entitled to be paid allowances for services they render pursuant to this Proclamation. The Council of Ministers shall determine the amount and conditions or payment of said allowances.
62. Accountability of the Council
The Council shall report to the Minister of Education.
MISCELLANEOUR PROVISIONS
63. Records and documents
A training institution shall keep the records and documents of its head, trainers, and trainees
64. Submission of information
1/ A training institution shall submit proper information on its activities whenever required to do so by the Accrediting Authority.
2/ The Accrediting Authority shall, unless otherwise provided by law, keep the confidentiality of the information submitted to it pursuant to the provision of Sub Article (1) hereof.
65. Increase of training tuition fee
1/ The training tuition fee collected by a training institution owned and operated by a private investor or a non-governmental organization may not be increased during a regular training period.
2/ Should the training institution decide to increase its training tuition fee, it shall notify the trainees three months before the end of the current regular training period, and such new rates shall be effective as of the beginning of the next regular training period.
66. Transitory provisions
Any training institution established prior to the coming into force of this Proclamation may, within the time limit prescribed by the Licensing Authority, apply for accreditation.
67. Obligation to cooperate
Every person shall cooperate with the Office in its endeavors to fulfill its objectives provided under this Proclamation.
68. Power to issue Regulations
The Council of Ministers may issue Regulations as may be necessary to implement this Proclamation
69. Inapplicable laws and directives
Any laws or directives that are inconsistent with this Proclamation shall not apply to matters provided for in this Proclamation.
This Proclamation shall come into force on the date of its publication in the Federal Negarit Gazeta.
Done at Addis Ababa this 1st day of March, 2004
GIRMA WOLDE GIORGIS
PRESIDENT OF THE FEDERAL
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA
9.14540.489673
Filed under: Apprenticeship, ethiopia, Ethiopian higher education law, higher education, Training, Vocational Education, vocational training
FERTILIZER MANUFACTURING AND TRADE PROCLAMATION NUMBER 137 OF 1998
Last year’s Law school exit exam papers -PUBLIC LAWS
Labour Proclamation No. 1156-2019
Kidus Building, Bole Medhane Alem, Addis Ababa
abooooka@gmail.com
Morning: M-Fri 8am - 12pm
Afternoon: M-Fri 2pm - 11pm
Bahir Dar University
Federal Attorney General
Ethiopian Food, Medicine and Health Care Administration and Control Authority
Ethiopian Investment Commission
Public Servants Social Security Agency
Ethiopian Standards Agency
Charities and Societies Agency
Ethiopian Sugar Development Agency
National Archives and Library Agency
ስለ “አለን ነጋሪት” አገልግሎት ጥቂት መግለጫ
Hate Speech and Disinformation Prevention and Suppression Proclamation
A /draft/ Proclamation to Provide for Federal Administrative Procedure
LEGISLATIVE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF THE FEDERAL PARLIAMENT ON SILENT MATTERS UNDER THE FDRE CONSTITUTION: BASED ON EMPIRICAL APPRAISAL OF LAWS
Franchise As a Political Participation Right of Employees Residing in Alage Agricultural Technical Vocational Education Training College Camp: A Comparative Analysis
eshetu on Revised Constitutions of Regio…
Ermias on Regional Constitutions
Tsegaye Tekle on Federal Laws
Yitbarek Gardachew on Federal Laws
Asefa on Conflict of Laws in Labour and…
Mussa hummed on Teaching Materials
amoothegreata on Oromia NRS Laws
kebede on Ethiopian Constitutions
Dereje Bokona on Federal Laws
Mesfin Belayneh on Spelling “Parlament”
Journal Articles on Various topics I
Journal Articles on various topics II
Journal Articles and Materials on Ethiopian Land Law
Materials and resources on Ethiopian law of charities and civil societies
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Home Consumer New investment round values Alibaba at $32b
New investment round values Alibaba at $32b
on: September 26, 2011 In: Consumer, Investment, Tech, Media & TelecomTags: No Comments
DST Global Solutions and Silver Lake are among firms that agreed to invest US$1.6 billion in China’s Alibaba Group, valuing the country’s e-commerce giant at US$32 billion, state media reported. The statement said that others participating in the deal include Chinese private equity firm Yunfeng Capitaland and Singaporean sovereign wealth fund Temasek Holdings. “This liquidity program will allow our people to focus on growing our business and continuing to create value,” said Jack Ma, Alibaba chairman and chief executive officer, in the statement. Alibaba is attracting the most prominent technology investors from Silicon Valley in an effort to compete with Baidu, which has 75% of China’s search-engine traffic. Alibaba is expanding to build a search engine and a mobile operating system.
China's central bank offers help to global economy "at the margin"
Renren to acquire video site 56.com
A new year begins
Brazil to reject US pressure on Huawei 5G bid
British Steel rescue nears after backing from Chinese regions
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Rwandan govt., Overstock subsidiary Medici Land Governance sign MOU to implement blockchain property rights, land governance management
By : Tabish Faraz
Tag: Blockchain, Dr. Ali El Husseini, Dr. Patrick M. Byrne, Government of Rwanda, Medici Land Governance, Medici Ventures, MLG, Overstock, Property rights, RISA, RLMUA, Rwanda, Rwanda government, Rwanda Information Society Authority, Rwanda Land Management and Use Authority
Rwanda Information Society Authority (RISA) and Rwanda Land Management and Use Authority (RLMUA) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Overstock.com, Inc.’s blockchain-meets-property rights subsidiary, Medici Land Governance (MLG).
Founded as a portfolio firm of Medici Ventures, Overstock’s blockchain technology accelerator, in 2018, MLG aims to assist individuals all over the globe in connecting with the world economy by utilizing blockchain and other technologies to help record rightful property ownership.
It is MLG’s second MOU with an African country to build a blockchain-based platform to manage property rights and land governance.
According to a press release CoinReport received from Method Communications, Medici Ventures’ PR firm, this latest MOU will see MLG implementing its technology to move Rwanda to a corruption-proof, paperless, blockchain-based, secure land governance system.
MLG will assist the government of Rwanda in incorporating blockchain and other technologies into its current systems, creating a paperless system that utilizes electronic signatures and digital lodging of surveys for the administrative processes that affect land transfers and rights. This system will allow for more direct communication among government entities and private landowners, using the distributed and decentralized blockchain to make sure transfer of assets and records are secure.
Rwandan officials will also get help from MLG to improve current land governance procedures, including streamlining the connections among the related courts, government registries and public institutions. Moreover, MLG will develop interfaces with Rwanda’s tax authorities and the present land administration information system of the country to make certain workflows are smooth and to minimize and eradicate processing delays.
Strategies for the project’s full scope include creating a blockchain-based platform with mobile capabilities, including payments. The project will accommodate simplified data collection and regulations to help government decisions regarding land use and city planning. The MOU, which will be effective for a year, includes choices for extensions of six months to two years.
Medici Land Governance CEO Dr. Ali El Husseini
Medici Land Governance CEO Dr. Ali El Husseini said in the news release we received, “We are encouraged by the prospect of working with Rwanda, which clearly understands the value of establishing the rights of land ownership as an essential incentive for bolstering agricultural productivity and sustained investment for long-term economic growth. At Medici Land Governance, we appreciate the clear objectives and strategic road map the Rwandan government has outlined toward economic empowerment. By using our expertise in blockchain, mobile apps, and other technologies, we can help Rwanda fulfill the goals of its major land reform efforts in standardizing land ownership on a digital, secure, user-friendly system that provides equal access for all people in a timely, responsive manner.”
One of the most densely populated nations in sub-Saharan Africa, Rwanda has a young, generally rural inhabitants. The country started reforming its land in 2004 by beginning to streamline the processing and handling of land titles. According to the 2017 World Bank’s Doing Business Index, the nation’s utilization of local para-surveyors to define plot boundaries has assisted in boosting the country to a fourth-place ranking in “measurement of the ease of registering property.” Since then, however, although millions of land transactions have been processed, just an insignificant percent of these transactions have been officially registered, suggesting several informal sales and acquisitions by inheritance or birth rights are still taking place.
Overstock CEO Dr. Patrick M. Byrne
Dr. Patrick M. Byrne, chairman of Medici Land Governance and founder and CEO of parent company Overstock.com, said in the news release we received, “This agreement with the Rwandan government creates an outstanding opportunity to show how blockchain can be used to lift people out of poverty. Rwanda has made tremendous progress in standardizing land claims by maintaining a land registry that eases the process of doing business in Rwanda. I believe solving that problem will trigger a cascade of positive developments: so much capital will be liberated into the hands of the poor, and they will lift themselves out of poverty. We look forward to bringing the benefits of blockchain to the poor across Africa and the globe.”
MLG logo & Husseini’s photo – Via Method Communications
Patrick’s photo – Courtesy of Overstock
Tabish has been writing/editing professionally for over a decade. Louisiana Department of Education taught one of his articles to students of its career diploma course 'Film in America' after adding the article in its comprehensive curriculum. Tabish is the Publishing Editor for CoinReport and believes Bitcoin has a great future. Follow Tabish on Twitter @tabishfaraz1
Dash launches SMS-based payment firm in Venezuela
Vinny Lingham bets Ronnie Moas $20k that bitcoin won’t hit $28K by 2019’s end
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David Jien
Existential adventures, home-grown folklore or morphed geometrical imaginings, David Jien’s exquisite works on paper captivate the viewer with their peculiar narratives and impeccable detail.
Born in Los Angeles, Jien spent many years bending, melting and transforming letter forms on the city’s walls as part of the D2R graffiti crew before completing a BFA in Illustration at the Art Center College of Design in 2009. His first solo show, The Plight of the Who, was held 2011 and his work has appeared in various group exhibitions, including the Art on Paper Biennial: The 42nd Exhibition at Weatherspoon Art Museum, Greensboro (2012).
Drawing on childhood influences from Nintendo to Roald Dahl, or cultural references including Chinese scroll paintings, Jien has developed an epic narrative of an allegorical future in which the renegade Whoriders do battle with their evil adversaries, the Lizardmen. A conflict which, according to the artist, reflects our most personal, human dilemmas: “I feel that everyone at some point in their lives has to deal with an inner struggle… My drawings are my inner struggles manifested through a cast of characters. I am a Whorider, I am a Lizardman.”
The Knight Owls
Palaios
Maestros Movement
Morphabet
Unexpected Atrial Septal G64K
← Dan Hernandez
James Jean →
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Saving the Legacy Oral History Project
J. Stewart Manwill, Salt Lake City, Utah: an interview by Luke Kelly, 5 July 2001: Saving the legacy tape no. 257
Title J. Stewart Manwill, Salt Lake City, Utah: an interview by Luke Kelly, 5 July 2001: Saving the legacy tape no. 257
Alternative Title J. Stewart Manwill, Saving the legacy: an oral history of Utah's World War II veterans, ACCN 2070, American West Center, University of Utah
Creator Manwill, J. Stewart, 1923-2006
Contributor Kelly, Luke; University of Utah. American West Center
Access Rights I acknowledge and agree that all information I obtain as a result of accessing any oral history provided by the University of Utah's Marriott Library shall be used only for historical or scholarly or academic research purposes, and not for commercial purposes. I understand that any other use of the materials is not authorized by the University of Utah and may exceed the scope of permission granted to the University of Utah by the interviewer or interviewee. I may request permission for other uses, in writing to Special Collections at the Marriott Library, which the University of Utah may choose grant, in its sole discretion. I agree to defend, indemnify and hold the University of Utah and its Marriott Library harmless for and against any actions or claims that relate to my improper use of materials provided by the University of Utah.
Spatial Coverage India; China
Subject Manwill, J. Stewart, 1923-2006--Interviews; World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American; Veterans--Utah--Biography; World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations, American
Keywords Air Transport Command; Radio; Navigation
Description Transcript (13 pages) of an interview by Luke Kelly with J. Stewart Manwill on July 5, 2001. This is from tape number 257 in the "Saving the Legacy Oral History Project
Collection Number and Name Accn2070, Saving the Legacy oral history project, 2001-2010
Abstract Manwill (b. 1923) was inducted into the Army in August 1943 and was sent to radio training school and navigation training prior to being assigned to the Air Transport Command. He was sent to India and was a member of a C-54 crew flying supplies over "the hump" [the Himalayas]. 12 [that is, 13] pages.
Genre oral histories (literary works)
Extent 13 pages
Rights http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/
Scanning Technician Mazi Rakhsha
Metadata Cataloger Cedar Gonzalez; Anna Neatrour; Ken Rockwell
Conversion Specifications Original scanned with Kirtas 2400 and saved as 400 ppi uncompressed TIFF. PDF generated by Adobe Acrobat Pro X for CONTENTdm display
ARK ark:/87278/s6qc22r8
Topic Personal narratives--American; Veterans; World War (1939-1945); Military operations, Aerial--American
Setname uum_slohp
Reference URL https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6qc22r8
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Landers Nolley Jeameril Wilson P.J. Horne Hunter Cattoor Tyrece Radford Jordan Cohen Sports College basketball Basketball College sports Men's basketball Men's sports Men's college basketball
Lehigh Patriot League Virginia Tech ACC
Nolley leads Virginia Tech past Lehigh, 79-53
- Nov. 16, 2019 06:05 PM EST
BLACKSBURG, Va. (AP) — Redshirt freshman Landers Nolley II is making up for lost time.
Nolley made seven 3-pointers and scored 27 points Saturday, leading Virginia Tech to a 79-53 victory against Lehigh.
"I'm one of the most impactful freshmen in the country," he said, adding that being forced to sit out last season allowed him to get better. “I got more knowledgeable, skill. I got in better shape, my mind (got) better. It prepared me for the moments I'm in now."
Nolley started slowly, “but in the second half I just started to let it come to me. I just started hitting shots and caught a streak and racked up some quick points.”
The Hokies’ 4-0 start in their first year under coach Mike Young is their second 4-0 start in as many years. It seemed fitting, too, that they honored former coach Charlie Moir with a moment of silence before the game. Moir, who died Friday, won a school-record 213 games at Tech from 1976-87, and was the coach in 1981 and 1982, the last time Virginia Tech began two seasons in a row by winning their first four games.
P.J. Horne added 14 points and Hunter Cattoor had 11 for the Hokies. Freshman Tyrece Radford added eight points and 11 rebounds.
Jeameril Wilson and Jordan Cohen each scored 11 for the Mountain Hawks (2-2). Lehigh trailed just 37-32 at halftime but managed just nine field goals and 21 points after the intermission.
Virginia Tech led 46-36 and used a 25-6 run to expand its lead to 71-42 with 5:50 remaining.
“We ended up turning the basketball over, which gave them easy opportunities and run-outs,” Lehigh coach Brett Reed said. “The momentum of the gym and the game just kind of changed with our lack of execution and being sloppy with the ball.”
Lehigh: The Mountain Hawks committed 19 turnovers and Virginia Tech turned them into 26 points. Lehigh scored 16 points off the Hokies’ 10 turnovers.
“They did a very good job of collapsing on the ball,” Reed said. “A lot of times our ball-handler was under duress — led to a lot of turnovers for us. But we also had some unforced turnovers, which ultimately kind of led to them being able to stretch the game.”
Virginia Tech: The Hokies made a season-high 14 3-pointers and have made at least 10 in three of their four games this season. Nolley was 7 for 12 from beyond the arc and is 15 for 32 for the season.
Lehigh has a quick turnaround, playing Misericordia on Monday night at home.
The Hokies remain at home and play Delaware State on Wednesday night.
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Strange Negotiations: The David Bazan Documentary
Matt Poppe
I can tick the passing of my adult life by which David Bazan concert I attended each year. I’ve been following his career for nearly two decades now, ever since he toured exclusively as Pedro the Lion, a band who once broke beyond the Christian music machine and garnered critical acclaim from the pious and godless alike. I own practically every album and side project the man has ever released.
What I’m getting at is, I had no reason to expect anything new from Strange Negotiations, the biographical documentary about Bazan’s life and musical journey, directed by Brandon Vedder. I sit firmly within this film’s target demographic. This is a story I already know.
Strange Negotiations peels the curtain back to show the emotional and relational cost that this seemingly successful business model extracted from the musician himself.
It begs the question: Is Strange Negotiations intended for broader appeal, or does it merely tickle the pleasure centers of fanboys like me?
Honestly, I’m not really sure. Bazan is undoubtedly the central character of the Strange Negotiations story, and it’s hard to imagine finding something of value here without investing oneself in that story.
That said, Bazan’s ethos isn’t so different from that of all religious wayfarers. His music taps into the heart-songs of men and women who are grieving and hoping and wrestling their way through the broken state of faith, civics, and family life in America. They’re the spiritually lonesome who suspect there are greater divine workings in the world, but have come up empty trying to find them in the religious institutions we’ve built.
Back in the late nineties and early aughts, Pedro the Lion sang melancholy tunes about the poison pills of American Christianity, particularly the lily-white, politically compromised evangelical tradition through which David Bazan came to faith. It was mellow, Christian-ish music that made space for doubt and anxiety, that saw faith and doubt not as enemies, but as co-existing members of a symbiotic relationship.
I could buy you a drink, I could tell you all about it.
I could tell you why I doubt it and why I still believe.
—“The Fleecing” from Pedro the Lion’s 2004 album, Achilles Heel
The crowds at Pedro shows were a strange amalgamation of flannel-clad, religiously conflicted twentysomethings with messy hair and piercings, the type of former youth group kids who still cried while reading Max Lucado but secretly voted for Al Gore.
Eventually, for better or worse (depending on your perspective), Bazan succumbed to the doubts. By the mid-2000s, Pedro the Lion disbanded and Bazan began touring under his own name.
His first full solo album, 2009’s Curse Your Branches, is now widely accepted as Bazan’s public breakup letter to God, his laying down of the evangelical label and settling into a conflicted agnosticism, one that grieves the loss of religious and familial identity and is haunted by stubborn echoes of the Divine.
I might as well admit it, like I even have a choice
The crew have killed the captain, but they still can hear his voice
—“In Stitches” from the 2009 album, Curse Your Branches
The years following Pedro the Lion’s demise play host to the central tension of Strange Negotiations’s story, when Bazan’s faith and musical career had all but crumbled.
During that time, Bazan circumvented traditional music venues and pioneered a semi-workable business model of nationwide tours filled with intimate performances in his fans’ living rooms.
Strange Negotiations does as well as any film could to recreate the tone and tenor of these mini-concerts. Having attended several of these shows myself, I can attest to how they became pilgrimages where men and women would sit cross-legged on pillows and hardwood floors as they floated on the timbre of Bazan’s world-weary baritone, tenderly holding space for their anxious thoughts about God, family, and politics.
Bazan’s fanbase learned to set their clocks to the cycle. Nearly every year we could expect new recordings in our mailboxes, followed by one or two living room tours to support it. But Strange Negotiations peels the curtain back to show the emotional and relational cost that this seemingly successful business model extracted from the musician himself.
In the film’s penultimate sequence, Bazan sits isolated in his driver’s seat, eyes transfixed in a thousand-yard stare on the road ahead of him, filling the odometer of nondescript rental car along a lonesome interstate as the glow of an overcast day illuminates his tired countenance.
By this point in the film, the audience has accompanied Bazan through literal years of this same holding pattern. And we’ve come to draw the same conclusion that Bazan has now reached: this isn’t sustainable.
It’s a rare breed of men and women who can flourish while spending countless days alone on empty highways, away from their loved ones for months of the year. Bazan isn’t one of them.
Over the engine’s hum, he tells himself, “I wasn’t all wrong.” His lips quiver. Tears well in the bearded man’s eyes. “But there was a miscalculation.”
Without spoiling the plot any further, the final half hour of Strange Negotiations ends on an optimistic note, unveiling the remedy to the miscalculation. It’s a satisfying (and dare I say victorious) conclusion that outlines the path Bazan has chosen for the foreseeable future, most notably in revisiting and reacquainting himself with Pedro the Lion, the band that started it all.
If we were a more excitable bunch, it’s enough to make Bazan fans stand to their feet and cheer.
In the last couple years, my wife and I started quoting a particular Bazan lyric to one another, almost as a mantra. We see something terrible in the news. We hear about a loved one who’s struggling. Or maybe the pain of our own lives and the struggles of our marriage feel particularly tender. And then one of us says to the other, “All of us need major healing.”
On our most exhausted days no one needs reminding of how grim things have gotten. As an American, it’s hard to imagine a flourishing society emerging from the polarized civic life in which we live. It’s hard to see the redemption arc of our public institutions. I listen to the news during my commute. Later, I log into Twitter. I check Facebook. And I feel mad. Truly, I have never felt madder.
But when I drill to the bottom of every dread I feel, it’s not anger or rage that I find there.
It’s trauma. And grief.
The thing I grieve is the same thing at the heart of Strange Negotiations, indeed, the heart of David Bazan’s entire 20-year musical catalog. It’s the trampling of our communal conscience and the killing of our collective sense of common good. It’s the weaponization of my patriotism and the monetization of my attention. It’s the unholy marriage of religious fervor with political power and toxic masculinity.
Try as I might, I can’t figure out where it went wrong. But I know there was a miscalculation somewhere. All of us need major healing. We could settle into despair, were it not for those quiet, stubborn echoes of the Divine.
Matt Poppe writes from sunny Phoenix, Arizona, where he lives with his wife and their three sons. He studied journalism at UMass Amherst. Follow him on Twitter at @TheMattPoppe.
David Wilhite says:
Great review. I watched this documentary not knowing much about Bazan, other than the fact that he used to be in Pedro the Lion, the fact of him no longer being a Christian, and listening to a handful of tracks on Curse Your Branches when it came out. I appreciated how vulnerable he was throughout and I grew in my appreciation and understanding of his struggles and how it connects to the fact, as you pointed out, that we all need major healing.
Comments are now closed for this article.
Raise Your Voice by Kathy Khang, Free for CAPC Members
Balancing compassion with firmness, Khang leads her readers through the current morass of social media, and offers a thoughtful and constructive way forward for those who want to do more than seethe on the sidelines.
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The Road To Development
Awanish Kumar Awasthi
Uttar Pradesh Expressways Industrial Development Authority and Additional Chief Secretary, UP
Awanish Kumar Awasthi (Additional Chief Secretary, UP), CEO, Uttar Pradesh Expressways Industrial Development Authority, shares his views with Civil Engineering and Construction Review, on the dream projects of the Uttar Pradesh Government , and the Uttar Pradesh Defence Industrial Corridor.
Civil Engineering and Construction Review: UPEIDA has constructed the longest Access Controlled Expressway in India till date. What are the critical factors for success in the construction industry in India?
Awanish Kumar Awasthi: UP Expressways Industrial development Authority (UPEIDA) has constructed 302 km long 6-lane (Expandable to 8-lane) Agra-Lucknow Access Controlled (Greenfield) Expressway in a short duration of 24 months. This expressway has 13 major bridges, including 750 m long bridge over river Ganga, 550 m long bridge over river Yamuna, and bridges over other rivers, canals, etc. There are almost 230 underpasses at cross road location, 4 rail over bridges, 17 interchanges for entry/exit to the expressway. For convenience of public, there are 4 large wayside amenities area built along the expressway. Almost 7.0 Crores cu.m. earthwork, 2.0 Crores cu.m. of construction material, 5 lakh MT of cement, 1.2 lakh MT of steel and 1.65 lakh MT of bitumen was consumed in the construction of expressway, besides engaging a large contingent of engineering staff, non- technical staff as well as skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled staff.
The major factor for success in construction of expressway was proper planning of different construction activities and its monitoring on a day to day basis by UPEIDA. The contractors deployed requisite men and machinery in consonance with the targets that were set for different activities for each day. The authority facilitated the contractors by taking up issues that threatened to impede the progress of work with concerning Government departments. The Authority ensured timely payment to the contractors to ensure that the contractors’ cash flow was not strained and the progress of work continued. The contractor on their part put in all their effort in timely procurement of material and other resources that were critical to the progress of the project. Approx. 20,000 non-technical, skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled staff kept working day and night for successful completion of the project.
CE&CR: India is a country which, makes huge jumps when it comes to adapting new technologies. Considering that, tell us about the latest technology and software adopted by UPEIDA, if any.
Awanish Kumar Awasthi: UPEIDA has adopted latest technology/machinery in construction of expressways so as to build world class expressways in short period of time. In addition to it, UPEIDA has also developed mobile application to ensure safe and smooth journey for users of now completed Agra-Lucknow Expressway and for monitoring progress of on-going expressway projects. Some of the technologies adopted by UPEIDA are briefly outlined as under:-
a) Development of Mobile Application
i. Mobile Application namely “Expressway Mitra” is soon to be launched by UPEIDA to facilitate the users Agra-Lucknow Expressway for their happy and safe journey. The main features of “Expressway Mitra” are:
Emergency Call feature
The map of expressway for planning of journey
Location of nearby facilities
Information dissemination about accidents, etc.
Toll Information and over speed alert
ii. Mobile Application to provide real time progress of Expressway Projects including ongoing Purvanchal Expressway and upcoming Bundelkhand Expressway, Gorakhpur Link Expressway and Defence Industrial Corridor. This application is helpful in monitoring progress of the project and directing the developer of the project where the progress is behind schedule.
b) Advanced Traffic Management System
UPEIDA has installed Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) for smooth and safe operation of traffic on Agra-Lucknow Expressway. The real time data about traffic on Expressway is obtained by the means of several outdoor and indoor equipment which are used for effective management of traffic under ATMS. The system includes outdoor equipment including 76 emergency call boxes, 10 ANPR based speed enforcement, 50 PTZ CCTV cameras, and 34 Automatic Traffic Counter-Cum Classifiers. In addition to the above-mentioned outdoor equipment, control centres have been established at three different places on the expressway, where in large display board, network management system, central computer system, CCTV monitor system, and call centre system have been installed. The system is designed to meet the following objectives:
Smooth and uninterrupted traffic flow
Enhanced road safety
Real time information and guidance to users
Emergency assistance round the clock
Alerts for abnormal road and weather conditions
Reduced journey time and convenience
c) Real Time Kinematic GPS Survey for mapping all features on ground
d) Highway design software are being used to create digital elevation model
e) Use of VG-40 bitumen in bituminous paving work is being used in view of high traffic volume, temperature of pavement
f) IRC Codes, standards and specification with latest circulars are being followed
CE&CR: Road infrastructure has become financially unviable; private investors and construction companies are withdrawing from green-field projects. How does UPEIDA plan to handle this situation?
Awanish Kumar Awasthi: Available funding for infrastructure from traditional budgetary sources falls far short of the investment needs, and the Greenfield expressway projects, which have huge initial costs (construction cost + land cost) are no exception to this.
The internal rate of return of Greenfield expressway projects are in the sub 5% range, thus UPEIDA has considered EPC mode as the preferred mode of implementation. Therefore, the construction cost of Greenfield expressways of UPEIDA is largely from government budgetary sources and project executed on EPC mode rather than PPP mode (BOT, Annuity, HAM models).
Projects on EPC mode gets good response (competition) from construction companies to bid for construction, which has been UPEIDA’s experience so far.
UPEIDA is looking at three categories of funds for financing its expressway project: (i) equity (budget), (ii) senior debt (loans & infra. bonds) and (iii) subordinated debt (Commercial Lending, Masala Bonds, Mezzanine Credit, and Leasing & Other).
UPEIDA has been borrowing from banks, and pool of banks to meets its current financing needs for land acquisition costs and construction costs. Revenue from existing tolls from expressways has been escrowed to banks debt repayments accounts.
Going forward, UPEIDA intends to raise funds at much lower interest rates from international financial institutions and masala bonds – international debt markets, toll operate transfer (TOT), infrastructure debt funds; and the budgets of different levels for O&M as sources of funds.
UPEIDA is in the process of appointment of financial consultant to work out the cost recovery framework from expressways including Value Capture Financing & Land monetization through development of industrial townships and defence corridor along the expressways that will give a boost to cash flows of UPEIDA upon realisation of the projects.
CE&CR: Centre of Excellence has been formed in collaboration with IIT Kanpur and IIT BHU, and an order has been given to provide specific technical education to diploma/ITI students for skilled manpower in U.P. Defence Corridor Industries. How do you think these initiatives will improve the scenario of education in India?
Awanish Kumar Awasthi: The question overlaps two domains - one is tangible and the other is philosophical. Let me explain this. On the philosophical part, it is believed that education broadens the perspective and comprehensive abilities of both the student and teacher. The effect of our work with the two IITs in these aspects can only be judged after many years, when the person benefitted by the system will interact with the larger sections of the society. In our country, by and large purpose of the education is to earn a livelihood. It has become so (in)famous that many talk about the un-employability of our graduates. Perhaps, through question you also want to cover this aspect. The short answer to your question is that the initiative will make students graduating from IITs and Polytechnics around Defence Corridor immensely more employable. Let me take the opportunity to inform all the stakeholders through your magazine what UPEIDA expects from the two IITs.
Actually, centres are perceived to be the technology facilitation centres for the industries, particularly the MSMEs. In the two IITs, we will support state-of-the-art prototype development facilities. The idea behind this is that the members of the MSME sector, desirous of getting into Defence supply-chain, should be able to fabricate prototype solutions for the articulated problems of the army and other services at very little or no cost. Faculty at the two centres is expected to provide guidance in design, fabrication, and test and certification process. They may also help the entrepreneurs to optimize cost of the plant and machinery in their prospective facilities. The biggest challenge is getting right minded faculty for the centers, which will get down to solving real life problems for national defence. The faculty of our important institutions have a reputation of doing glamorous publication oriented research, aimed to pitch for post-doctoral assignments abroad.
The two IITs will also evolve course content and impart training through suitable short courses for the teachers of ITIs and Polytechnics. To make the courses relevant, UPEIDA will support faculty’s visit to our modern Ordnance factories, manufacturing facilities catering to the space, nuclear power and modern manufacturers like Maruti Udyog, to assess the skillsets and knowledge packs that will be required by the industries likely to come up in our corridor. Hence, partnership of the two IIT’s will surely enhance the employability of the students graduating from IITs and Polytechnics in the vicinity of our corridor.
In addition, IIT BHU has even agreed to offer specialized electives for the Graduate and Post-graduate students, ambitious of joining the strategic sector.
CE&CR: Could you give us an update on the Defence Industrial Corridor?
Awanish Kumar Awasthi: When fully evolved, the Defence Corridor (DC) will be segments of world-class networked expressways, having clusters of thriving industrial activity along it. Six nodes - Jhansi, Chitrakoot, Aligarh, Agra, Lucknow and Kanpur will be made more attractive for industries largely belonging to defence and strategic sectors. The primary role of UPEIDA is to develop and provide key infrastructure, for example, land, electricity, water, security, etc. and sensitize the prospective industry about the opportunity. We are expediting at a pace not seen by the UP administration before. In compliance to the vision of our political leadership, out of the above six, Bundelkhand region has been accorded highest priority and thanks to the DM and other revenue officials of the region 785 Ha. Out of targeted, 3,025 Ha is available for immediate appropriation to the industry.
Apart from above tangible facts, the Defence Corridor is a bundle of challenges for me, and with the team UPEIDA, we are taking on them. To give you an idea, one of the toughest challenges that we have encountered so far is to get entities willing to establish their business in our Corridor. There are many vectors beyond GoUPs control; getting a supply order for defence related stores (weapons, sensors, equipments and allied items) is tough even for the established players of the defence industry. This reputation distracts the prospective industrialists from venturing into defence manufacturing. Thus, we have to identify prospective manufacturers, concept, and sell the idea that our corridor is the most suitable place to start with. We are evolving suitable strategies to achieve the above.
Industry’s motivation is revenue, which can be mobilized against expressed or anticipated demand, which is totally beyond UPEIDA or GoUP. The defence supply-chain in our country is a minefield where even established global industrialists tread carefully. This makes our task of attracting new industries to the DC far more challenging. However, we are evolving suitable strategies to attract them. We have formidable competition from the other DCs in better industrialized states.
Another big challenge is an entrenched mindset in the establishment that industrialist are a difficult lot. UPEIDA is working to propagate the PM’s Vision that for welfare of the society, including the peoples of the state, wealth is required. Only and only industrialists are the ones who can create wealth for the society, which can then be appropriated via government to the public through various measures. It is high time our establishment recognizes the above fact and treats the industrialists as the key element of the prosperity matrix of the state.
Established eco-system, which supplies of the defence stores, is by and large perceived to be interested in acquisitions, where direct or indirect imports are involved, perhaps due to personal interests of the persons representing the stakeholders at different interfaces of the supply-chain. In fact, the largest institution, admired by many for its overall management, has accumulated baggage of such a reputation that the new comers tend to avoid this supply-chain.
Yet, another challenge is working of some of the business associations of the country, that is, CII and SIDM, who are perceived by the government as entities to promote industrial activities, but they have reduced themselves to the lobbyist for few established players in the supply-chain. This nexus is hindering new industries, particularly from the MSME sector, from entering the supply chain. To get an idea of their efficacy, we need to consider the following. One of our previous Union Defence Minister invested lot of energy in institutionalizing a scheme called Technology Development Fund (TDF) in DRDO for funding development of indigenous technologies through Indian industry. For an order, as low as Rs. 10 Crores, a big defence player has cornered the order and openly talks that he is going to import and supply. Thus, sabotaging the basic idea of developing the technology indigenously, an industrialist from the state was on receiving end.
UPEIDA is also trying to leverage defence attachies placed in many Indian embassies abroad, to reach defence manufacturers of that country and enthuse them to come to our corridor and produce for Indian as well as global supplies. We are beginning to smell success in bringing the existing and new players for establishing their facilities in our corridor. We have motivation, understanding and right people who are capable of evolving the suitable strategies and implement them.
CE&CR: What has been UPEIDA’s strategy to ensure success of its projects? Would you like to tell us something about your proposed projects?
Awanish Kumar Awasthi: UPEIDA’s strategy to ensure success of its project is initiated by aggressively pursuing the processes for purchasing/acquiring ROW land on mutual consent with the land owner/farmers and ensuring that purchase/acquisition of major chuck of ROW land is completed by the time bids for construction of expressway are received. For this purpose, there is a dedicated Land Acquisition Cell in UPEIDA. At the very outset when the construction work commence, daily target for different activities such as earthwork, granular work, bituminous work and structure are fixed in a phased manner as the work progresses. Daily monitoring of the no. of machineries, technical/non-technical staff and labourers, and also the progress of procurement of the material by the contractor is done on day to day so that the target set is not missed. If any slippage in progress of the project is identified, the contractor is instructed to make amends by reviewing and singling out the cause of slippage. The authority on its part ensures timely payment to the contractors so that the cash flow is not affected and facilitates the contractors with its support in getting issues involving progress of construction work resolved with concerned Government departments. The construction of expressways is done with strict adherence to the standards and specification defined in IRC codes, Manuals, Guidelines and as per MORTH specifications. UPEIDA has executed Agra-Lucknow Expressway Project in record time with high quality standards, where the progress and quality of construction work was monitored by the Technical Cell of UPEIDA along with the authority’s engineer.
The other projects of UPEIDA under progress are:-
(i) Purvanchal Expressway
Purvanchal expressway originates from NH 731 (Lucknow Sultanpur Road) near village Chandsarai in District Lucknow, passes through Districts Barabanki, Amethi, Sultanpur, Faizabad, Amendkarnagar, Azamgarh, Mau and ends at NH-31 near village Haidariya in District Ghazipur. It is an access controlled expressway with limited entry/exit points at interchange locations only. The total length of the expressway is 340.824 km. The main carriageway of the expressway is 6 lane wide, which is expandable to 8 lane. To facilitate the expansion to 8 lanes, the structures are being constructed 8 lanes wide. The width of ROW of expressway is 120 m, to accommodate service road and future expansion of expressway. The expressway has been divided into 8 packages for the purpose of construction.
The construction of the project has commenced on 10th October, 2018. The construction work is accelerating in all the packages. Almost 58% of the Earthwork, 34% of Granular sub-base, 20% of Wet mix macadam and 10% of dense mix macadam has been completed. There are 18 flyovers, 11 interchanges, 7 Major Bridges, 112 Minor Bridges, 5 Viaducts, 489 Culverts and 220 underpasses on the main carriageway of Expressway. The work is in different stages of progress at more than 75% structure locations.
The service road has been provided in a staggered manner all along the expressway, except at major bridges and ROBs, for the convenience of local populace. The local populace will be able to access the main expressway through the service road via interchanges.
There is provision for rain water harvesting, by providing rain water harvesting structures at 500 m intervals interval on both sides of the expressway.
For safety and security of the traffic, state-of-the-art “Advanced Traffic Management System” shall be provided on the expressway.
A total no. of 8 wayside amenities area is planned for development on PPP mode along the expressway, for which land has been acquired by UPEIDA.
The completion of expressway as per agreement is to be done in 36 months, while efforts are being made to complete the work of main carriageway in 24 months.
(ii) Bundelkhand Expressway
Bundelkhand Expressway will connect Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh with New Delhi by an express corridor. This expressway will originate near Chitrakoot, about 3 km from Bharatkoop at ‘T’ junction of Jhansi-Prayagraj National Highway -35/76. The expressway will traverse through district Chitrakoot, Banda, Mahoba, Jalaun, Hamirpur, Auraiyya and terminate on Agra-Lucknow Expressway, 16 km east of Etawah-Bewar Road (NH 91) near village Kudrail in district Etawah. The total length of expressway is 296.264 km. This expressway shall be 4 lane wide (expandable to 6 lanes) with access control. The structures will be constructed 6 lanes wide for future expansion of expressway. The process for invitation of bids is under progress. The construction of this expressway is expected to start in Nov-Dec, 2019 as more than 90% of ROW land is in possession of UPEIDA.
(iii) Gorakhpur Link Expressway
Gorakhpur Link Expressway will connect Gorakhpur with the Purvanchal Expressway to facilitate development of Gorakhpur region. This expressway shall be 4 lane wide (expandable to 6 lanes) with access control. The structures will be constructed 6 lanes wide for future expansion of the expressway. This expressway will originate from Gorakhpur Bypass (NH 27) near village Jaitpur and will end at Purvanchal Expressway Ch. 190+855, near village Salarpur in district Azamgarh. The expressway will traverse through district Gorakhpur, Sant Kabir Nagar, Ambedkar Nagar and Azamgarh. The total length of Expressway is 91.352 km. The process for invitation of bids is under progress.
(iv) Ganga Expressway
Ganga Expressway will start from Delhi-Meerut Expressway (Meerut- Dasna Section). The expressway will traverse through district Meerut, Ghaziabad, Hapur, Amroha, Sambhal, Badaun, Shahjahanpur, Hardoi, Unnao, Raibareli, Amethi, Pratapgarh, Prayagraj and ends at Khemanandpur (Near Saraon) on Prayagraj Bypass. The approx length of expressway is 630 km. This expressway will be 6 lane wide (expandable to 8 lanes) with access control. Pre-feasibility study is underway by the Project Development Consultant (PDC). On finalization of alignment of expressway, detailed survey and preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) will be done by the PDC.
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CASE India
Keestrack Group, eTrack Crushers Pvt. Ltd.
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Vice President and Head
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Ready Mix Concrete - The New Alternative
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The conflict in Syria has included widespread attacks on oil facilities by numerous parties. Damage to urban areas has created vast quantities of debris and destroyed essential infrastructure, and fighting has regularly taken place in industrial areas. There has been a huge growth in artisanal oil refining in response to the destruction of oil facilities, while the massive displacement of its population has created environmental stress in neighbouring countries.
Country brief: Syria
A brief introductory overview of the environmental dimensions of the conflict in Syria, with facts, figures and further reading.
Report highlights health and environmental impact of makeshift oil refineries in Syria
PAX report Scorched Earth and Charred Lives shows a sharp increase in the number of makeshift refineries in Syria’s oil rich Deir ez-Zor governorate, in the past four years, with the most recent analysis based on satellite images from June 2016. There are likely tens of thousands of makeshift refineries in the region, in which adults and an alarming number of children work.
Jordan grapples with the environmental consequences of its refugee crisis
Amidst the urgency of the humanitarian response to support those feeling Syria, the environmental footprint of these population surges has been less visible but, as Jordan is discovering, failing to address the impact of migration during response and recovery could have serious health, environmental and political consequences.
Five years on: lessons learned from the environmental legacy of Syria’s war
The devastation wrought upon Syria has cost the lives of hundreds of thousands of civilians, wounding many more and displacing millions across the region and beyond. They have left behind cities turned to rubble, ravaged towns and barren lands scarred by fighting. To mark the 5th anniversary we propose five priorities to address the damage it has caused to Syria’s environment.
Using citizen science to assess environmental damage in the Syrian conflict
For new and ongoing conflicts across the world, the need to document their impact on civilians and the environment upon which they depend is encouraging the development of new research tools and methodologies. With civilians increasingly able to access the Internet and mobile networks, new opportunities are being created for the collection of environmental data, by experts and civilians alike.
Fire and oil: The collateral environmental damage from airstrikes on ISIS oil facilities
As the United States, Russia, and others step up attacks on oil infrastructure captured by the self-proclaimed Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), there is concern over their direct and long-term environmental and public health impacts.
New desk study on Syria identifies pollution risks to civilians
The ongoing conflict in Syria is likely to have a disastrous impact on the environment and public health, according to a new study published by PAX. Four years of fighting has left cities in rubble and caused widespread damage to industrial sites, critical infrastructure and the oil industry.
The civilian health risks from TNT in Syria’s barrel bombs
The TRWP was recently asked to help identify a substance associated with partially detonated barrel bombs in Syria. While the irritant fumes and pink powdery residue appeared to be from TNT and not a chemical weapon, the health risks from exposure to this common explosive are increasingly well understood and should be taken into account when examining the civilian impact of the use of explosive weapons in populated areas.
The environmental consequences of targeting Syria’s oil refineries
Syria’s oil industry has begun to be targeted by the US. Military policies indicate that the environmental consequences of the strategy are low on the agenda but the move looks set to have direct and indirect impacts on Syria’s environment and people.
Twitter: #Syria
“The strong eat the weak” in Deir ez-Zor, #Syria - communities are seeing few benefits from local oil extraction and refining.
Dan Wilkofsky@Dwilkofsky1
Residents of Syria’s eastern desert fight to stay warm as temperatures dip below freezing. Heating fuels should be readily available b/c of nearby oil, but oil is trucked away & corruption ensures what remains is expensive & bad
New from me @almonitor
https://t.co/2XFtI4jOKh
How have the conflicts in the Mediterranean's littoral states contributed to its degradation? @PSchwartzstein touches on this in his latest piece, such as the recent attacks on underwater oil pipelines at the Baniyas refinery in #Syria
History’s Greatest Sea Is Dying
The failure of countries bordering the eastern Mediterranean helps explain the difficulty of carrying out successful climate-change negotiations.
Overview of the legacy of environmental harm that #Syria faces from exploitation and damage to its natural resources and critical infrastructure.
Wim Zwijnenburg@wammezz
The conflict in #Syria is leaving a significant legacy of pollution and #environmental degradation, impacting health and economic reconstruction, while States are scrambling for its natural resources such as oil, gas and minerals. Via @FanackMENA
https://t.co/92DBkzM0cK
PAX/Bellingcat | Iranian oil spills on Syria’s shores: a brief OSINT overview of an environmental incident
In June, a marine oil pipeline feeding a Syrian oil refinery was sabotaged, this open source investigation considers the environmental consequences of the incident.
REACH | Syria burned agricultural area analysis (May-June 2019)
A study of satellite data by the REACH Initiative has found that 948,000 acres of agricultural land in Syria was affected by wildfires between May and June 2019.
REACH Initiative | Syrian cities damage atlas
Eight Year Anniversary of the Syrian Civil War: Thematic assessment of satellite identified damage This damage atlas provides an overview of infrastructure damage in 16 towns and cities across Syria, as well as the Eastern Ghouta region (Duma, Arbin, Harasta, Misraba), providing some of the context needed to understand post-conflict conditions. It also provides a…
AOAV | The reverberating effects of explosive weapon use in Syria
Report assessing the reverberating effects of the use of explosive weapons in Syria, which considers the environmental legacy of UXO and of the destruction to agricultural and industrial areas during the conflict.
PAX/Bellingcat | Heavy rains in Hasakah: An open-source analysis of catastrophic damage
Open source analysis of the impact of unseasonably heavy rains in northern Syria on IDPs and damaged oil infrastructure. When the season of heavy rainfall began in war-torn Syria, the misery local residents and internally displaced persons (IDPs) have faced over the years was compounded by environmental setbacks. This open-source monitoring blog of the situation…
PAX/Bellingcat | Nefarious Negligence: Post-Conflict Oil Pollution in Eastern Syria
Years of bombing by the US-led Coalition and Russian Air Force, combined with fighting around and attacks on oil refineries, have resulted in a severely damaged oil industry in Syria.
DfID | Understanding Market Drivers in Syria
The overall objective of this research was to provide evidenced recommendations on programmes and policy that could sustain markets inside Syria, as a means to increase food-insecure communities’ resilience to the conflict.
PAX/Bellingcat | Hazardous Legacies: An Open-Source Overview of the Destruction of Deir ez-Zor’s Oil Industry
Russian Air Force and CJTF-OIR bombing has heavily targeted oil infrastructure. At the same time, scorched-earth tactics by the Islamic State also caused pollution. These actions have left an environmental toxic footprint that is already posing health risks to local communities.
Syria Untold | Drought Not the Only Environmental Problem in Syria Before 2011
Water stress, climatic factors and poor governance all had a part to play in undermining Syrian society. Syria became water-stressed due to both external and internal factors. Reduced rainfall levels and an unfavorable position in the Euphrates-Tigris river basin contributed to Syria’s socio-economic vulnerability to drought. These are factors that are difficult to control nationally.…
World Bank | Syria damage assessment of selected cities Aleppo, Hama, Idlib
The objective of the Damage Assessment (DA) of selected cities is to provide information on the effects of the current crisis on population, physical infrastructure, and quality of service delivery in those cities.
Syria Deeply | Environmental Initiatives Bring Relief and Hope to Besieged Areas
Like all wars, Syria’s conflict has taken not just a massive human toll, it has also had a significant environmental impact. But green initiatives in rebel and Kurdish areas – even failed ones – have brought a small measure of hope to local people.
World Bank | The Toll of War: The Economic and Social Consequences of the Conflict in Syria
To calculate the extent of the damage, the report relied on satellite imagery cross checked with traditional and social media postings, data from the ongoing Syria Damage Assessment, and information from partner organizations that have a presence on the ground.
Eklund et al | How conflict affects land use: agricultural activity in areas seized by the Islamic State
The emergence of IS reshaped the agricultural landscape of Iraq and Syria in some areas, low-intensity agriculture was generally maintained and even expanded in some places. High-intensity farming seems to have been better maintained inside the IS zones than in the rest of Iraq and Syria.
FAO | Survey of Syria’s agriculture sector reveals impact of war
Agriculture and the livelihoods that depend on it have suffered massive loss. The report finds that food production is at a record low and around half the population remaining in Syria are unable to meet their daily food needs.
Science Alert | Syria’s War Has Affected Water in The Region So Much, You Can See The Damage From Space
The Syrian crisis has resulted in a reduction in agricultural land in southern Syria, a decline in Syrian demand for irrigation water and a dramatic change in the way the Syrians manage their reservoirs.
Heinrich Böll Foundation | Bitter Tales from the Crescent Conflict, Pollution, and Climate Challenges for War-Torn Syria
With the conflict still raging, and creating more environmental damage, what will this legacy of degradation and pollution entail for Syria’s future, and opportunities for building peace, and what role can the international community and civil society play in rebuilding a sustainable future for Syria?
The Guardian | Water supplies in Syria deteriorating fast due to conflict, experts warn
Lack of access to safe water in the war-torn country is driving migration and disease and pollution, say hydrologists and humanitarian groups.
PAX | Scorched earth and charred lives – human health and environmental risks of civilian-operated makeshift oil refineries in Syria
Using satellite analysis, PAX identified a massive increase in artisanal oil refining, a practice that threatens the health of workers – many of them children – and the environment of local communities.
PAX | Amidst the debris – a desktop study on the environmental and public health impact of Syria’s conflict:
This desktop analysis identifies four types of hazards – feasible scenarios in which the environmental impact of the conflict may have a direct and or long-term impact on the public health of the Syrian people.
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Trade War Begins
damirUSBiH July 6, 2018 in Markets & Trading
damirUSBiH + 327
If there were any lingering doubts, the trade war is now officially underway. At 12:01 in Washington, the U.S. began imposing tariff hikes on $34 billion of Chinese imports, alleging theft of American intellectual property. China says its retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods are in effect after the U.S.’s "unfair" trade actions, according to Foreign Ministry spokesman Lu Kang at a press conference in Beijing. President Donald Trump told reporters earlier that the U.S. could target as much as $550 billion of Chinese products, a figure that exceeds all of U.S. goods imports from China in 2017. China’s Commerce Ministry said: "The United States has violated WTO rules and ignited the largest trade war in economic history." Happy Friday 😁
Pavel + 374
The Trade War Pacific edition begins. Like most wars, avoidable, and seen in retrospect as pointless, perhaps cruel, bringing needless suffering..
franco + 96
Well here we go. Trade issues with China need to be addressed but this is the biggest risk method....
Petar + 76
From history: Would trade war become Cold War? Would Cold War become WWIII? The most scary thing is that nobody seems to be scared.
rainman + 246
Step back, of course. The world's two biggest economies have fired the opening shots in a trade war that could have wide-ranging consequences for consumers, workers, companies, investors, and political leaders....
jpZelabal + 63
These policies will most hurt the economically vulnerable. Probably the layoffs is coming and the inflation from tariffs....
pinto + 283
The implication will show result on ordinary people...as always in similar situations.
Anything with the word "war" is never good for anyone..
Jan van Eck + 5,182
16 hours ago, franco said:
It is precisely because it is so high-risk that it is the method selected by Trump. The Donald is, and always has been, a high-risk player. He has historically attempted to pawn that risk off onto other players, such as bankers who back his projects, and when the project goes south, the backers are the ones who take the hit. You saw that play out with the Trump Shuttle, the airline between LaGuardia (NY) and Boston and Washington, and the Atlantic City casino ventures that ended up in the drink.
And you see the same thinking at play here. Is it accurate, bright thinking? No. Here's why:
When the Chinese sell us goods, for example a shipment of lawnmowers, we hand them pretty little pieces of paper with the pictures of dead Presidents on them. We call that "money," but in reality it is "fiat currency," made valuable only because we say it is. The paper has no intrinsic value. It is not gold; it is not silver. What can the Chinese do with that paper? About all they can do is hand it over to the US Treasury for some bond that pays perhaps 2% or 3% interest.
Is that a good deal for the Chinese? Actually, no. When a US firm does a successful project in China, the typical rate of return on US invested capital runs at 22%. Some projects have busted 30% internal rate of return. Why can the Chinese Government not convince their own people to do those deals? They have the capital, it is being rented back to the Americans at only 3%. And the reason is that the Chinese people have no confidence in their society.
And why is that? Why do you see Chinese businessmen in the nascent entrepreneurial class spend fortunes in sending their children to US and Canadian and Australian schools, and spend say eight million on a house in Vancouver, BC, when anything inside China would be a fraction of the price? The same reason Russians spend $20 million on a house in London - at some point, the landless peasants in China will become "the Mob" of French Revolution infamy, and will take over China in some cataclysm and seize their wealth, for redistribution to the mob. The business class of Chinese have no confidence in the stability of China, and seek to send their pregnant wives and daughters to the USA to give birth, to at least protect the family bloodline from the Beheadings to come.
In that sense, the real beneficiaries of the US-China trade are US private secondary schools and universities, where the Chinese kids pay full tuition. And the high-end real estate sellers benefit, with the Chinese buyers paying top dollar. Those Chinese are frightened of China, and of the mob in China, and of the China to come. Would you like to live like that?
For all of its vaunted police-state controls, China remains a lawless society, with disparate groups in conflict with the central authority. The result is turmoil, a seething unrest. Hardly an encouraging prospect, to be sure.
What The Donald wants to do is balance the current account, with trade flows of equal measure. What he does not recognize is that this shuts off the inflows into the capital account, which has been providing very cheap money for the US to build its super-carriers and $400-million-dollar airplanes. Ironically, the trade deficit has financed the US budget deficit, and allowed the US to live on the cheap, with those capital inflows buying that paper providing the shortfall. Now if you go cut that off, then the US Treasury has to actually fund the Administration (and the military budget) with real dollars raised from its own citizens, and that is going to hurt. Actually, I don't think it can even be done.
Edited July 7, 2018 by Jan van Eck
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The Curiosity Podcast
The Microscopic Chemical Warfare Of Antibiotics
Written by Cody Gough
Research isn't always conducted in a laboratory. Dr. Brian T. Murphy runs a research program that takes him all around the world collecting aquatic microorganisms, en route to the discovery and development of new antibiotics. On this podcast, Dr. Murphy explains how antibiotics work and the importance of discovering new ones, as well as detailing some of the exotic underwater adventures involved in his line of work.
Ongoing projects in Dr. Murphy's lab merge the identification of small molecules with marine microbiology, molecular biology, genomics, and bioinformatics. To date, his lab has built a collection of over 1,500 aquatic bacteria and are using them to generate small molecule libraries that they screen against bacterial pathogens and cancers. The lab is also innovating the way drug discovery libraries are managed to make them more intuitive and efficient. Stream or download the podcast using the player below, or find the episode everywhere podcasts are found, including iTunes, Stitcher, and Gretta.
Microscopic Chemical Warfare
Dr. Murphy, Associate Professor of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy at University of Illinois at Chicago, discusses:
Why he and his colleagues are trying to discover new antibiotics from the environment.
Background on the "golden era" of antibiotic discovery and why it's a problem that more antibiotics aren't being discovered more regularly.
The importance of innovation in antibiotic research and the surprisingly outdated methods researchers in the field are still utilizing today.
Some of the adventures Dr. Murphy has had while working on discovering antibiotics, including underwater excursions in Iceland and upcoming plans in Vietnam.
How citizen scientists can collaborate with research labs to help discover new antibiotics.
The trick to learning organic chemistry the right way.
Plus, hear Cody and Dr. Murphy match each others' wits at the end of the episode in the Curiosity Challenge! Click here to follow along with a written transcript of this episode (and share clips with your friends).
Podcast Show Notes And Links
More reading from Curiosity:
Crowdsourcing Offers A New Hope For Antibiotics Research
Fish Don't Get Electrocuted Thanks To These Two Factors
Why Are Most Planes White? The Reasons Are Scientific And Economical
Could Magnets Take The Place Of Antibiotics When It Comes To Sepsis?
What A Giant Petri Dish Can Tell Us About Antibiotic Resistance
There Have Been Zero New Types Of Antibiotics Since The '80s
Antibiotics research crowdsourcing programs:
Great Lakes Freshwater Sponge Ecology And Drug-Discovery (Murphy Lab project)
University of Oklahoma's Citizen Science Soil Collection Program
Drugs from Dirt (US)
Swab and Send (UK)
Small World Initiative
Additional scientific resources discussed:
Murphy Lab UIC website
Current Murphy Lab projects
Feature on Murphy Lab in Toronto Star
TB Alliance
Murphy Lab on Twitter
Links related to Dr. Murphy's other interests discussed at the end of the episode:
Dr. Brian T. Murphy on Twitter
"Family Properties - How the Struggle Over Race and Real Estate Transformed Chicago by Beryl Satter"
"Making the Second Ghetto: Race and Housing in Chicago 1940-1960"
"The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of America's Great Migration"
The Case for Reparations by Ta Nehisi Coates
Subscribe to the Curiosity Podcast wherever podcasts are found, including:
Dr. Brian T. Murphy
Murphy Lab UIC
About the Curiosity Podcast: Curiosity makes you smarter – and so will this podcast. Each episode features experts in every field who explain why their knowledge is important and why you should care. Developed as an audio companion to the existing Curiosity experience, you'll learn about your brain and your body, outer space and the depths of the sea, how history shaped the world into what it is today, and more. From the largest galaxies to your smallest brain cells, hosts Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer will share their curiosity to help you understand the world better.
A device to usher in a new age of antibiotic drug discoveries
Written by Cody Gough September 5, 2017
Antibiotics Medicine
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Kushner on Mideast tour to promote Trump's peace plan - Daily News Egypt
Politics Kushner on Mideast tour to promote Trump’s peace plan
Kushner on Mideast tour to promote Trump’s peace plan
Trump's advisor seeks to drum up support for US plan
Fatma Lotfi May 29, 2019 Comments Off on Kushner on Mideast tour to promote Trump’s peace plan
Jared Kushner, White House senior adviser and United States President Donald Trump’s son-in-law, began a Middle East tour this week, including Rabat, Amman, and Jerusalem, to push for Trump’s regional peace plan, a White House official said, according to Reuters.
Kushner was accompanied by a high-profile delegation, including Middle East envoy Jason Greenblatt and US Special Representative for Iran and Kushner aide, Avi Berkowitz, the official added.
The trip aims to mobilise support for Trump’s peace plan ahead of a US-sponsored economic two-day workshop on 25-26 June in Manama, Bahrain. Later after his Mideast trip, Kushner will head to Switzerland then London where he will meet Trump who will be on an official visit to the United Kingdom.
Nearly a week ago, Trump and Kushner announced that they will unveil the details of the economic side of their Middle East peace plan which aims, they say, to end the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, after more than two years of working on the agreement.
The plan is expected to encourage Arab donor countries to invest in the West Bank and Gaza strip, as a part of the plan which also includes a political side.
However, Palestinians repeatedly refused to discuss the plan with Washington, asserting at several events that they will not accept any settlement to the Palestinian-Israel conflict without a recognition of an independent state with east Jerusalem as its capital.
In recent remarks, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas denounced the peace plan or what is called the “deal of the century,” describing it as “deal of the shame.” Abbas asserted that Palestinians will eventually have the right to establish their own independent state with east Jerusalem as its capital.
Meanwhile, the Palestinian Liberation Organisation on Sunday called on the world to boycott the Manama workshop, urging the Arab countries which will take part in the event to reconsider their decisions.
Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and the UAE announced that they will participate in the workshop.
This February, Kushner also reportedly visited four Gulf states, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Bahrain, and the UAE to promote Trump’s plan.
Topics: Donald Trump Jared Kushner Mideast tour United States
Fatma Lotfi
More in Fatma Lotfi
Libyan parliament speaker urges Arab countries to confront ‘Turkish invasion’
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Libyan parliament says it would seek Egyptian army support ‘if need be’
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Iran admits shooting down Ukrainian plane after initial denials
Al-Sisi :As long as we are united, no one can hurt us
https://dailyfeed.dailynewsegypt.com/2019/05/29/kushner-on-mideast-tour-to-promote-trumps-peace-plan/
Manama conference is the opportunity of century to achieve peace, security for Palestinians, Israelis: Kushner
Egypt will not give away an inch of Sinai: FM Sameh Shoukry on Manama
Kushner reveals economic blueprint of Trump’s ‘deal of the century’ regarding plan’s division of labour
Trump’s ‘deal of the century’ will include $50bn of investments in Palestine, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon: Kushner
Israel to attend Manama conference
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Iran warns against any Gulf clashes, threatens oil would surpass $100 per barrel
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Iranian naval mines likely used in UAE tanker attacks: Bolton
Iran sees no prospect for negotiations with United States: Iranian FM
Ahead of ‘Bahrain workshop’, Abbas opens fire on ‘deal of century’
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Trump says US not seeking regime change in Iran
PLO calls on Arab countries to boycott Trump’s Manama conference
Cannes Palme d’Or goes to Bong Joon-ho’s ‘Parasite’
May 29, 2019 Breaking News
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Costumes By Antonia
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Go to Costumes By Antonia Home Page
The Taurean Villain
The World’s Most Dangerous Profession
She’s Like A Rainbow
Auf Wiedersehen Kaiser Karl
And The Winners Are! 2019 Edition
Mr WordPress on Welcome to My Blog of Shameless Self Promotion!
*David Bowie Is everywhere*
And the Winners Are!
Bohemian Rapture
Costume Drama!
It's Good to be King!
My Costume Garage Sale!
She Gave Good Gown
She's a Hit!
She's Like a Rainbow
Taurean Villain
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Titania Takes a Quantum Leap
Versailles' Answer to the Kardashians
Wait! That's NOT Purple!
Welcome to my Blog of Shameless Self Promotion!
Who wants to go to Hell with Madam Satan?
Will The Real Passe Partout Please Sit Down?
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Tag: Marie Mancini
Versailles Answer to the Kardashians
You may be familiar with Kim, Khloe and Kourtney
but have you heard of
Marie, Olympia and Hortense?
Quick! Can you name them all at once? L-R: Olympia Marianne, Marie, Laura, Hortense, Anna Maria, and Laure!
Ladies and Gentlemen: Meet Les Mazarinettes!
We are all familiar with the ubiquitous family of reality TV. But they were not the first set of siblings whose good looks and social connections made them fodder for social commentary and scandal. Back in the 17cc there existed a brood of Franco-Italian cousins and sisters whose comings and going would give the Kardashians a run for their money.
Let’s look at the similarities first so that we can better understand the comparison: Like the Kardashians these girls and one brother were part of a large extended family. They had a patriarch who enjoyed wearing dresses, although I must point out that the 17cc patriarch’s dresses were more ecclesiastical as opposed to Caitlyn’s designer gowns. Think more Cassocks & Miters as opposed to Dolce & Gabbana. Like the Kardashians, they were ubiquitous in every sense of the word. Their lives were the subject of tabloid gossip, often times re-enacted publicly in commedia dell’arte satires for the masses to enjoy. I am sure that if the videocam had existed back then, at least one of them would have wound up on a home made sex-tape.
The Mazarinettes, with their Southern Italian good looks made for a shift in what was considered a standard of beauty for the 17th cc. The same way that the Kardashian’s dark haired mediterranean beauty and voluptuous physiques created an impact on 21st cc sensibilities. Up until each respective clan made their appearance on the scene, the zeitgeist of both times was the frail/fair slender gamine. This brood made their impact on what was considered aesthetically acceptable centuries apart from the Kardashians. But I think that’s where the similarity ends and for my money, I think that the Mazarinettes story is much more compelling than their reality TV counter parts.
“Uncle” Cardinal Jules Mazarin from whom the girls acquired their namesake.
The girls earned their name from their Uncle, Cardinal Jules Mazarin who was the King Regent during the minority of Louis XIV and was later the chief counsel to the King once Louis was all grown up. Such influence made the Cardinal one of the most powerful men in France and as the cliche goes: It’s lonely at the top. So in order to address his need for companionship, the Cardinal decided to bring his family over from Italy and set his nieces up in pivotal positions throughout the royal houses of Europe, thereby increasing his sphere of influence. This was accomplished by arranging important political marriages along with sizable dowries and sometimes just downright pimping them out to important members of the Sun King’s court.
So let’s start out with how this Italian clan got their foothold on one of the most important royal courts of Europe.
Jules Mazarin himself was no slouch; In his early years he studied profusely at university and developed a talent for ingratiating himself to powerful and influential men. One of these being Cardinal Richelieu of France (yes, the same guy in the Monty Python skits). In those days men of modest means but noble lineage were able to climb their way up the social ladder through the church. Following the deaths of Richelieu, then Louis XIII, he proceeded to rule France through the regency of Anne of Austria, Louis XIV’s mother.
Olympia, Marie & Hortense depicted as mythological goddesses during their time as courtiers at Versailles.
The rest, they say, is history. Cardinal Mazarin worked hard to secure his place in the French Court and as mentioned earlier, one of the means to his end was to bring in his comely nieces from Italy. The first batch to arrive were Marie, Hortense and Olympia. Followed by a few years later by Laure, Anne-Marie, Marie-Anne (not a typo) and a distant cousin Philipe-Jules. Thanks to the Cardinal being in good graces with Anne of Austria, the Queen Regent took this young brood under her wing and made sure that they were on equal footing as the Princes of the Blood.
Alembic Malfunction: Baron Lorenzo Mancini, the girl’s father, was an astrologer, alchemist and necromancer who died under mysterious circumstances.
Each one of these individuals has their own unique story but I think that the two most compelling were Hortense and Marie Mancini. For starters, the Mancini clan was able to trace their family lineage back to the Roman Empire via the Consul Lucius Hostilus Mancinus who fought Hannibal in one of the Punic Wars. The girl’s father, Baron Lorenzo Mancini was an alchemist who practiced astrology and necromancy. The mother was the sister of the Cardinal and was the one who requested that her daughters be sent to Versailles following the death of her husband under mysterious circumstances. It brings to mind another dark magician who met a tragic demise: Jack Parsons, but we need to save his story for another blog.
Partners in Crime. A young Hortense & Marie having a little fun reading each others palms. Who knew what fortune had in store for these two girls?
From their portraits one can see that these girls had a light in their eyes that captivates the viewer and undoubtedly had the same effect on the gentleman (and a few ladies) of the court. Marie Mancini’s story is the most poignant for having been the first “girlfriend” of a young Louis XIV. Thanks to her socializing with other Princes of the Blood, she was able to develop a “puppy love” relationship with the young Dauphin. So much so that young Louis actually wanted to marry her. But neither her uncle the Cardinal nor Louis’ mother, Queen Regent Anne, were going to allow any of that; Both adults were interested in a more politically important alliance with another superpower at the time, so Louis wound up marrying the Infanta Maria Theresa of Spain. No matter that Marie could trace her bloodline back to Ancient Rome! Neither the Queen Regent nor the Cardinal thought that Marie’s lineage was exalted enough to marry the future King of France. And so the cookie crumbles. However, in the end Marie wound up OK. Her uncle had secured a marriage with a guy named the Duke of Colonna who on his wedding night was surprised to find that his bride was still a virgin! It appeared that even though Marie had many admirers, they were all affairs of the mind.
Le Roi Soleil: King Louis XIV of France played a pivotal role in the lives of the Mazarinettes. Like Marie, he enjoyed dressing up in costumes of his own design so that he could perform before his court. On the left he is dressed as Apollo the Sun God but sometimes he would slum it and play Mars (right).
Louis XIV, having had his lovers crush undone by the grownups, decided to console himself by entering into a romantic relationship with Marie’s sister: Hortense. Now this girl is definitely one for the books! Hortense was a girl of many talents and misadventures. After playing holler back girl to the Dauphin, she then took up with a political refugee from England who was exiled in the French court. A guy named Charles Stuart. Like Marie with Louis, Hortense fell head over heels for this young English swain. But this time her uncle thought that this penniless guy who had no prospects, was unworthy of his niece and so forbade the union. But then the fickle finger of fate saw Charles reinstated on the English throne as Charles II and the cardinal realized he made a mistake. He made a counter offer to Charles along with a handsome dowry if he would take back Hortense. But Charles had moved on, or so it appeared.
Prince not so Charming. May I present Armand Charles de La Porte, Duc de La Meilleraye . Think of him as a cross between OJ Simpson and Ted Bundy.
The Cardinal continued to drive a hard bargain in the attempts to marry his favorite niece off to other influential heads of Europe but alas, striking out every time. The fact that Hortense was a bit of a party girl who enjoyed flirtations with both men and women did not help to bolster her cause. However, the Cardinal (and Hortense) finally managed to bag an up and coming aristocrat who was also the richest man in Europe. Enter Charles de La Porte de La Meilleraye. This mouthful was not only the richest man in France but he was also a nephew of the late Cardinal Richelieu, Cardinal Mazarin’s first mentor.
Just off the boat! An early portrait of Hortense wearing the fussy ribbons of Italian fashion.
So on the surface though it appeared to be a good match, it proved to be anything but. Eight days after her wedding, Uncle Jules died, leaving Hortense a vast chunk of the family fortune, now making HER one of the riches people in France. Unfortunately what would have looked like a fortuitous circumstance would unravel into a nightmare for poor Hortense. That’s because her husband, Armand, was conservative, repressed, reactionary and cruel. Think of someone who was a cross between OJ Simpson and Ted Bundy and you get the picture. He was a total foil to Hortense’s vivacious, popular personality. I am not even going to list here the misogynistic actions of this creep. Just google his name if you want to know more.
But our heroine, Hortense would have none of this and immediately flew into the arms of another-woman. Can you blame her? It was another French aristocrat by the name of Sidonie de Courcelles. They were both only sixteen! So you would think her husband would find this amusing but no, he wound up locking them both up together in a convent where they continued their affair. This time wearing nun’s habits no doubt. Bad move dude on the part of De La Porte if you ask me.
Double Exposure. Our heroine Hortense continues her fashion and erotic evolution posing in a typical conceit of the French Mannerist style.
So thus began a convoluted sexual odyssey for our heroine. She escaped from France disguised as a man and would continue to rely on cross dressing whenever she needed to make a quick get away. During her exile in England, she took up again with here old flame, Charles II AND one of his daughters. Anne, Countess of Sussex was her name. Hortense’s relationship with Anne was so volatile that they actually once settled a score with a public fencing match in the middle of St James’ park wearing only their nighties! Much to the delight of the gentlemen strolling through the park. The only comparison I can think of would be if Meghan Markle and Katherine Middleton engaged in a mud wrestling match in the middle of the Serpentine at Kensington Park. That’s the level of scandal we are referring to. Hollywood where are you?
Pretty picture. A vibrantly dressed Hortense preparing for “La Chase” with her lover Louis XIV. Her riding habit is a perfect example of the transitional nature of 17cc high fashion.
Somewhere along the way she reconnected with her other sister Marie ( who was also miserable in her marriage albeit not as badly as poor Hortense). For awhile the two sisters lived in the court of the Sun King under his protection. The girls began shuttling around between the capitals of Europe in an effort to escape the claws of psycho Hubby Armand. It should be noted that in every city where these girls sought refuge, their homes would be transformed into Salons offering a venue for popular artists and writers of the time. But alas, Mr Personality kept rearing his ugly head and making poor Hortense’s life a living hell.
Later on Hortense would have an affair with Louis I of Monaco (yes, a Grimaldi whose descendant married Grace Kelly) and so on and so on. She lived out the rest of her years in England under the protection of subsequent monarchs and engaging in the profligate lifestyle to which she had become accustomed, until her death in 1699. But as the saying goes, there is no rest for the wicked and upon her death, hubby from hell reappeared and had her body exhumed so that he could take it back to France. So that she could be given a proper burial? Noooo…..boys and girls. So that he could keep the decomposing corpse by his side as he traveled through France. Yep, until royal decree demanded that he finally bury her.
Some relationships are hard to shake but this is ridiculous!
The rest of the “Mazarinettes” lived flamboyant lifestyles and also caused scandal throughout the courts of Europe. But their antics paled in comparison to those of Hortense and Marie. Thanks to their Uncle’s machinations and the sizable dowries he bequethed, the girls were able to secure some good catches. Their husband’s names reads like a history book of who’s who in the 17cc. I focused mainly on the two Mancini sisters because their lives were so unbelievable. Being that this is a costume blog, I also wanted to focus one the court costumes of Hortense. Since she was the one with the high profile lifestyle, she became a bit of a Fashion Plate and this sensibility was obviously reflected in her style of dressing as shown in the pictures posted here.
The Early Baroque/Restoration period was a transitional one in every sense of the word. Almost every costume conceit imaginable was represented on the style of dress. And you can see the transitory nature of this period in the different styles of dress worn by Hortense. In her earlier portraits you can see here trussed up in ribbons from the late Italian Renaissance and from there she goes to exposing a nipple which was a typical conceit of the French Mannerist painting style. In Louis’ court you see her in a very elaborate riding gear ready to engage in ‘La Chase’ with the Sun King. Finally there are the later ’swooning gowns’ of the Restoration court of Charles II. These dresses gave the wearer a ‘disheveled’ appearance with the bodice pulled down to almost exposing a nipple. Yes, these gowns were engineered to fall right off the body at a moments notice in order to facilitate an intimate trust with his majesty whoever he or she may be.
“Toujours Prêt”. A more mature Hortense wearing a typical dress from the English Restoration court. She appears to be beckoning one of her many lovers into her boudoir. The disheveled wanton look was favored by Charles II.
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Posted on December 1, 2018 March 30, 2019 Categories Versailles' Answer to the KardashiansTags 17cc costume, 17cc Kardashians, Baroque Costume, Charles II, Charles Stuart, Costumes by Antonia, Custom Clothing Design, custom costume design Houston, English Restoration Costumes, Hortense Mancini, Jules Mazarin, Kardashians, Les Mazarinettes, Louis XIV, Mannerist style, Marie Mancini, VersaillesLeave a comment on Versailles Answer to the Kardashians
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Key Annual Fund
Your Dollars Can Make the Difference
Through annual fund donations TCS is able to bridge the gap between what tuition fees cover and actual cost per student to receive the best learning environment possible. By raising $100k+ per year (on average) through contributions from our Board of Directors, facility & staff, TCS families (past and present) and community involvement events we are able to give your student so much more.
The Key Annual Fund keeps tuition costs lower, improvements to technology, campus enhancements, staff development and training.
Additionally, when we achieve 100% participation (in any amount) by every member of our Board of Directors, faculty & staff and TCS families we become eligible for more grants and funding from outside sources and corporations.
Find out today whether your company offers a donation matching program and double your potential contribution.
2019/20 Annual Fund Goal – $110,000
mailto:kimw@cottageschool.org
Director of Advancement
The Cottage School
Kim Weber, Director of Advancement
Kim joined TCS in July of 2018 bringing with her a wealth of experience working with nonprofit leaders and their organizations. Through her 11 year employment with the City of Roswell she has developed deeply rooted relationships with elected officials, business owners and residents in the greater north Fulton area. During her first year she has worked tirelessly to expand community awareness and make new connections to benefit The Cottage School. She has made it her mission to share Roswell’s “best kept secret” and ensure The Cottage School mission is fulfilled by seeking funding for necessary enhancements that improve our student’s educational experience.
Thank You For Supporting The Cottage School
Thank you to Subaru of Kennesaw
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Glitter GalaTCS Pumpkin Run & Fall FestivalGrandparents & Grandpals Day
2020 Glitter Gala “Under The Big Top”
SAVE THE DATE – March 28, 2020
Glitter Gala is our annual scholarship fundraiser with food, fun, festivites and creative auction items. Please support TCS by attending this gala event.
TCS Pumpkin Run & Fall Festival
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700 Hembree Place East | Roswell, GA 30076
5K Map
Grandparents & Grandpals Day
Mark your calendars for this year’s Grandparents & Grandpals Day on Friday, November 22, 2019. Doors open at 8:00 a.m., and the program will begin at 9:00 a.m. Light breakfast and coffee will be served. Parking is available at the Doubletree Hotel, and shuttles will run between the hotel and the school. Reservations can also be emailed to mayay@cottageschool.org. Questions, call the Advancement Department at 678-250-5108. We are looking forward to showing off all the excitement happening on the TCS campus to our grandparents and grandpals.
Companies and groups can support The Cottage School in many ways. Tour our campus and see if you would like to bring a team of your employees or members out for a Day of Service. Other ways you can be involved:
Offer internships or apprencticeships to our students.
Be a sponsor for a fundraising event such as The Cougar Classic in October.
Scholarship funding allows students to attend The Cottage School when financial assistance may be needed.
Join Us In The Community
Glitter Gala 2020 - Under the Big Top on March 28
Community, Cottage School News, Events
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Elementary School Open House on January 30, 2020
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The Cottage School 35th Reunion and Donor Event
https://cottageschool.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Reunion-Banner.png 678 1250 Stephanie Johnson https://cottageschool.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/35thCrest_fullcolor.png Stephanie Johnson2020-01-07 18:11:152020-01-07 18:11:15The Cottage School 35th Reunion and Donor Event
High School Drama will perform "A Play With Words"
Events, Student Activities
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2019 Grandparents and Grandpals Day at TCS
Cottage School News, Events
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4th Annual Grandiose Grape Wine Festival
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Deep Roots Wine Market on October 22
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TCS Spirit Night at Wild Slice Pizza on August 28
Community, Events
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Dine at Lucky's Burger and Brew in Roswell, Help TCS
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Return of the Big Pumpkin 5K Run
Community, Cottage School News, Cougar Athletics, Cross Country, Events
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Deep Roots Parent Social on July 30
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Middle School Production of "Simba" and music performances on May 8
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Through Georgia’s Education Expense Credit, the GOAL Scholarship Program allows taxpayers to play a vital role in improving K-12 educational opportunities. As Georgia’s leading student scholarship organization, in partnership with 139 participating schools, GOAL is providing thousands of children throughout the Peach State with Greater Opportunities for Access to Learning – “GOAL.”
The Cottage School is a 501 ( c ) 3 organization that maintains a non-discriminatory policy in all school programs.
700 Grimes Bridge Rd
High School: 770-641-8688
Middle School: 770-640-8037
Elementary School: 678-497-0613
Cougars defeat Wolves 55-24 for first win of 2020January 16, 2020 - 7:14 pm
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Indian Faked Racial attack in OZ
Discussion in 'General Photos & Multimedia' started by mshoaib61, May 3, 2010.
mshoaib61 FULL MEMBER
An Indian national was let off lightly with a suspended eight-months jail term after it was found that he took advantage of racial tensions in Australia to falsely claim that he was set on fire after he accidentally burnt himself in a botched insurance claim bid.
Jaspreet Singh, 28, had claimed that he was racially attacked in Melbourne after he reportedly burnt himself while torching his car to make an insurance claim.
During a court hearing, it was found that Jaspreet Singh who had said that he was doused with petrol and set alight by four men after he parked his car near his home early January, was planning to claim insurance money to fund a holiday to India.
Police found he had suffered the burns while trying to torch his Ford sedan, Melbourne Magistrates Court heard on Monday.
Singh had pleaded guilty to criminal damage with intent to gain through arson, attempting to obtain property by deception and making a false report to police.
Senior constable Luke Devlin told the court that Singh had failed "to consider atmospheric conditions... (and) a vapour explosion occurred".
Deputy chief magistrate Felicity Broughton imposed an aggregate jail term of eight months suspended for two years on Singh but said if he had not pleaded guilty, Singh would have been jailed for 15 months.
She said Singh's behaviour was clearly a planned and premeditated enterprise. Singh had suffered burns to his arms, feet, neck, face and scalp.
According to 'The Age', police official Paul McClure said Singh was in dire financial circumstances after the collapse of a business, and was going to use the burnt car to make an insurance claim.
He said the events could have some bearing on Singh's wife who is in Australia on a student visa and hopes to apply for permanent residency when the visa expired.
Broughton said for Singh to have claimed that he was a victim of a racist attack at a time when tensions between Australia and India were a cynical action.
The incident occurred in January this year when the attacks on Indians had created a crisis of sorts, with the Indian government taking up the issue strongly with Australia.
More than 100 attacks have been reported against Indian students in Australia since June last year.
Indian who faked racial attack in Oz gets light sentence
Racial attack: Indian killed in Australia
pakdefender, Jan 3, 2010, in forum: World Affairs
Abu Zolfiqar
Faked Indian history
roadrunner, Apr 28, 2011, in forum: World Affairs
Racial Classification of Indian People in the USA
Random Boy, Jun 15, 2013, in forum: Members Club
Random Boy
Syria regime faked about Indian Jihadis killed in Syria.
Resident Evil, Sep 7, 2013, in forum: Central & South Asia
Yzd Khalifa
Attack in Indian Punjab
fatman17, Jul 29, 2015, in forum: Seniors Cafe
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2018 A Year of Photos
← Roots of Rookeri 6
Roots of Rookeri 7 →
Posted on February 12, 2014 by crispina kemp
The World Before Foundation
A Supplement to Roots of Rookeri
The Daab: a gently undulating, gradually descending grassland.
Descending to what?
To an ancient sea, now dried to a desert of salt. Even the Badwen will not go there. Tall and rangy, these hunters that roam the Daab have a secret they’ll not share with any outsider. It concerns a certain plant that grows on the Daab. That plant, when processed, yields an antidote to the poisonous death-charms of the amphibs, highest of the indigenous life-forms.
Cutting a NW-SE diagonal across the Daab is a row of widely separated pudding-shaped mounds – all that remains of an ancient range of mountains. The rock is iron-rich, a vital source for those living north of the Daab. But, though expeditions are regularly sent to mine these small eroded mountains, none yet have ventured far enough south to reach that desert of salt.
Were they able, and they stood upon the most southerly mound, they would see, mid-way towards the horizon, eleven rings, black with edges sharp against the salt. If any should venture across that salt – a two day journey requiring shelter and an adequate supply of water – they would find what at first they’d mistake as another such mound. This one, much smaller, they’d take as more thoroughly eroded: there is not much of it left. But this mound differs from the others in not being red. It is white. Further investigation would show it to be an artificial structure, surviving from the Day of Foundation.
The mother-ship itself, The Avatar, had not landed. On approach to the planet the sleepers were awakened. 12 x 12 Founders (Patriarchs, Nobles) filled their allocated ‘landers’ – twelve pudding-shaped craft – with their allocated stocks of seeds and plants and domesticates, and with their friends and their families.
The Avatar was programmed to explode after it was unloaded and the shuttles had landed, though Diaspora Commander Royan had override of the system should anything go wrong. The 12 x 12 Founders and their families watched from the inhospitable salt desert where the pudding-shaped craft had landed. The explosion seemed small from such a distance.
As overseer of this last stage of the diaspora, Commander Royan had waited for all to be across the desert and safely beyond the first of the pudding-mounds before he completed Operation Annihilation. His own group, led by the Founders Bendel, Villas, Parla, Luethi, Sharma, Eire, Ulrich, Tiszka, Rementh, Deluca and Rasel, had instructions to reach the same mound, there to corral the livestock and, in safety, to wait for him. Should anything go wrong with this part of the Operation, he alone would be killed. For he now would set the charges that would utterly destroy the twelve landers.
Reason? Because with no evidence of their arrival the colonists would not hanker for a return. Now, at all costs they must make it work.
Were it realised that the pudding-mound in the salt desert was something other than salt, and an expedition was equipped to reach it, it might be discovered that the door, though salt-encrusted was hardly corroded. A lever might pry it open. Investigating the craft within, it might be discovered that the power-system still functioned. There might then be discovered a digital record. That record ought not to be there. It contains the illicit writings of Commander Royan.
Nothing but the agreed tools and stock were to be brought from Old Earth. The exception was The Book. Knowledge of their former world was to be forgotten. When Commander Royan made that record – while he waited for his group to cross the desert, to reach a safe from the explosions – he did not expect it to survive. He expected it to be destroyed in the blast. Indeed, when the explosions came – just as he reached the edge of the salt-desert – he didn’t even realise that one had failed. To his knowledge there was no lander out in that desert.
Here’s what he recorded in his idle hours of waiting.
We Have Been Caught
Did we think to escape it? We, who had benefited most from the Curse, netted by the heretics, ‘persuaded’ into their beliefs. I see it now, how they used us. They used our Accursed Coin to bring them to these 10 new-found planets. Yet I believed their cant; I believe it now.
Mercury’s Curse had many expressions back on Earth (Old Earth) – though at root the Curse was of profit and money. Mercury, the astrologers’ god of Arts, Skills, Commerce and Travel. Aptly named, that Curse, for those were the aspects most affected.
Arts and Crafts and Skills and Services that were no longer performed for the sheer love of the craft, for the satisfaction of a job well done. No, done now only for the financial reward. And that reward must always be ‘more’. Oliver, maltreated, was hungry; these . . . . addicts, yes, addicts, were greedy. So do not blame us if we looked for new ways to satisfy that demand. And it was not my generation, I was merely carried along. Everything . . . everything for sale but for the air that we breathed. Nothing for free anymore.
The excess of addiction:
People paid to have babies produced for them – no sex required.
Yet sex was sold, with every perversion.
Brides and grooms, displayed like the latest refridgerator, were bought and sold.
Health and Healing, Beauty and Pleasure, bought and sold.
Training and Education and Knowledge – Knowledge! – were bought and sold.
Fetid stories and entertaining tales, written and packaged and bought and sold.
Lives . . . lives too were bought and sold.
The inventions of scientists were bought and sold.
War itself was bought and sold.
Allegiance was bought and sold.
Weapons of mass destruction . . . were bought and sold.
Death . . . death, too, was bought and sold.
It was a Curse, and it wasn’t the likes of we Founders who suffered.
Goods can’t be sold without, first, people make them.
Services can’t be sold without people provide them.
Making and providing, the people earned money.
That money enrolled them in Mercury’s Game.
Buying and selling, everyone caught in the Web.
But what of the obverse?
What of the less abled?
What of those who couldn’t take part in the Game?
What of the old and the young?
What of those without a full head of wits?
What of those with an illness that prohibits their joining?
What of those who couldn’t work for the money to buy them a cure?
What of those who didn’t want to participate in Mercury’s Curse? What of the heretics?
They were not permitted to exist.
Governments tutted, but they paid out, the same.
Can’t have the unfortunates unable to play.
Charities dispensed cash like quacks with their snake-oil.
Everyone must play the Mercury Game.
Drugs were dispensed to turn the heretics into believers.
It wasn’t my generation; I wasn’t to blame.
And still there were those who refused to partake. Those who saw the error and the horror of Mercury’s Curse. Across the world they found each other. Across the world they formed their own Net. Their numbers small yet their voices loud, they were heard by others. Heard by a thousand or so who had already prospered.
They were heard by me.
We were caught; conned into taking them to these 10 new-found worlds. “Make wise use of your money,” they said. “Take us to where we can begin anew.”
And I sit here and I ironically nod. For there was another part to Mercury’s Curse. The Trans-Trap: to be richer, bigger, better, fitter, smarter, smaller, neater. It was the drive to extend the reach. To go beyond; beyond reason, across the line and into insanity. We called it ‘The Ultra’: Ultra-marine, Ultra-montane and Ultra-mundane. And how much more Ultra than to travel 11 light years into Space while asleep, only enabled by the latest, smartest technological discoveries. Alas for those who awoke with frozen wits.
My thoughts – which will never be heard. They will be destroyed with this craft tomorrow. My thoughts – between me and my maker. Mercury. For isn’t he also God of the Con Men and Trickers. Caught, me and we others, caught in their Net.
About crispina kemp
Spinner of Asaric and Mythic tales
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8 Responses to Caught In The Net
I’d been wondering if we’d get some background on how this civilization came to be. Now I understand it will affect the story, as well.
I thought it might help the reader to understand this thing of the Accursed Verth, or Old Murky as the Luban would say. Both are Mercury. There are also passages the refer to ‘The Book’. There’s also the fact that they believe they arrived in their present land by sailing ship across the sea. All this affects their culture, and how they relate to each other. There’ll be more supplements later.
I’ve got a similar background/unloading issue to deal with in the new story. It’s always a problem, isn’t it, if you’re going to be thoughtful?
For years my reading of choice has been ‘off-planet’ fantasy, and these authors seem not have a problem with background stuff. It’s just ignored. E.G. I’ve just finished 3rd part of trilogy by Scott Lynch, and only now discovered it is an ‘off-planet’ setting and not a Star Wars type (a long time ago in another universe). Jim Butcher does the same with his Alera Codex; it’s part 5 before it’s revealed that the planet was colonised from Earth, although from the first there is a feel that that is so. If it’s not essential to the plot, don’t sweat it, seems to be the order of the day. But I don’t like leaving my readers scratching their heads.
Just finished China Mieville’s “Perdido Street Station,” which is also off-planet, and which features man-sized moths that act very much like soul-eaters.
Moths, man-sized. Was it the Pre-Cambrian that had dragonflies wit 6′ wingspans? But moths, they have scaly wings that they shed as dust. Well, dust for our sized moths. But did the author explain their evolution or . . . anything? Or just left the reader to absorb and accept?
The author indicates they evolved somewhere else on the planet, or possibly even off-planet, but has little to say about their origins. However, they are not entirely in our plane of existence, which makes their origin even more problematic.
But equally interesting – as with Roo and Ffadise
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Home » Give » Donor Profiles
Generous Gift from Family Establishes Lecture Series to Honor Illinois CS Alumnus Utpal Banerjee
January 16, 2020 Sanchita Banerjee Saxena has taken a step to ensure that her father's memory and legacy will live on at Illinois and benefit the field of computer science.
Illinois CS Influence on His Path to Google Success Inspires Unni Narayanan to Make Major Gift
October 17, 2019 Narayanan, who now leads the engineering team for Google Assistant, was profoundly influenced by Professor Emeritus C.L. "Dave" Liu.
Engineering Visionary Scholarship Helps Jacob Perakis’ Family Triple Their Educational Possibilities
September 10, 2019 “Receiving this scholarship is actually the major factor that influenced my decision to enroll," Jacob Perakis, CS class of 2021.
For Fred Stahl, U of I Summons Memories of His Children, Altgeld, and a First-of-its-Kind Wedding
July 8, 2019 The Stahl family's connections to Altgeld Hall lead them to support renovation of the iconic home of the Department of Mathematics.
Christopher Kull’s CS Visionary Scholarship Let Him Know Illinois CS 'Really Wanted Me’
June 24, 2019 Scholarship financing a life-changing experience, financed by donors who have already made their marks in CS
University of Illinois Lands a $100M Gift to Engineering School — Again
Chicago Tribune -- The University of Illinois’ acclaimed College of Engineering has received a record $100 million gift and will be renamed the Grainger College of Engineering. Also covered by The Associated Press, Inside Higher Education,
March 12, 2019 Scott Fisher's admiration for Illinois CS faculty and the education they provide to students is part of the reason he continues to be a generous donor.
Gene Golub Had A Talent For Giving, Which Lives On At Illinois CS
February 15, 2019 Golub believed in giving back, and his gifts to Illinois CS continue to fund scholarships, fellowships, and a professorship.
Still Early In His Career, Nathan Handler Commits To Supporting Illinois CS Programs
January 14, 2019 Nathan Handler sees his gifts to Illinois Computer Science as a way to help make sure student groups such as the ACM chapter continue to thrive.
With One Year to Go, Grainger Match Multiplies Impact of Scholarship Gifts
December 14, 2018 Those who’ve taken advantage of the Grainger Match often say it was a key part of their motivation for giving.
Cohens Give Back Because of Opportunities Illinois CS Provided, Hope Others Will Follow
November 15, 2018 Through their own scholarship support, Ira and Debra Cohen hope to help develop a culture of giving at Illinois CS. "These kids become mentors,” Ira Cohen said.
No Straight Lines: Influential Illinois CS Professors Helped MacGregor Chart Unconventional Course
September 18, 2018 When he arrived at Illinois CS , Doug MacGregor was in a hurry to get an advanced degree and a job. But at Illinois, MacGregor found more than a path to employment.
Campbell Builds a Track Record of Giving Back
July 27, 2018 “I certainly feel like giving back a little to Illinois just because it has given me a place to be – bring up my kids, work, do my research – that has a unique character.”
Rankins Continue Long History of Generosity to Illinois Computer Science
June 11, 2018 Since 2012, Sandra and John Rankin have funded a CS scholarship so that others can have the same opportunity that they had to get a college education at Illinois.
Erlebacher and Silver Leverage Grainger Match To Create A Second Scholarship Fund
May 15, 2018 Illinois Computer Science graduate Ross Erlebacher and his wife, Susan Silver, have added to their longstanding ties to the University of Illinois with a new scholarship.
Paul Nash’s Path To Google Inspires Gift to Fund CS Visionary Scholarships
April 17, 2018 Before coming to Illinois, Paul Nash dreamed of working for Microsoft. His education helped make that happen. Now Nash is helping others follow their dreams with a gift to the Computer Science Visionary Scholarship Fund.
Fisher’s Gift Funds Department’s First Teaching Excellence Award, Angrave Named Inaugural Recipient
March 15, 2018 The Scott H. Fisher Computer Science Teaching Award recognizes instructors who embody an innovative spirit, dedication, and a focus on students.
Illinois’s Practical CS Curriculum Inspires Sirius XM Radio’s Simon to Give Back
February 18, 2018 David Simon (BS CS '05) has found CS's hands-on, group-based project coursework "to be incredibly valuable" in the real world.
CS Alumnae Moore-McKee Honored for Leadership, Donates Prize to Support CS Scholarships
January 11, 2018 Amy Moore-McKee won the Society of Automotive Engineers' Sid Olsen Engineering Executive of the Year Award in 2017.
Parents’ story, impact of Grainger Foundation match inspire Mei-Chin Tsai to provide major gift to fund scholarships
December 15, 2017 Mei-Chin Tsai’s parents pushed her to focus on education. But that push came with a greater sense of urgency than most.
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Cultural Catchup
Season Finale: Parks and Recreation – “The Bubble”/”Lil’ Sebastian”
“The Bubble”/”Lil’ Sebastian”
It’s unfortunate that I haven’t been able to review Parks and Recreation more regularly this season: while I had screeners for the first six episodes, anything after that proved difficult since so much of my Thursday evenings was spent watching and writing about The Office for The A.V. Club. Obviously, given my affection for the show, I always watched it as soon as possible, and have felt that the third season has been a strong continuation of the momentum gained during a stellar second season.
However, I find myself in the position of being more critical of the show than I’ve been all year in regards to “The Bubble” and “Lil’ Sebastian,” two very funny episodes that felt rushed from a plot perspective. Even as someone who has been on board with Ben and Leslie’s relationship this season, something about its presence in these episodes gave me pause. Everything just felt like it was moving too quickly, and in a way which was considerably more transparent than the rote, yet still fairly passive, romantic chemistry that has been building throughout the season.
Which is not to say that my opinion of the show has diminished (it has not), or that these were bad episodes (they were very good); It’s simply that this particular season finale got a bit lost in the plot, never quite able to focus on telling the kinds of stories I feel the show is most effective at telling.
Filed under Parks and Recreation
Tagged as Analysis, Ben, Circle Desk, Entertainment 7twenty, Episode 15, Episode 16, Finale, Fireball, Leslie, Li'l Sebastian, NBC, Review, Ron, Season 3, Season Finale, Television, The Bubble, TV
Glee – “Original Song”
The most problematic scene in “Original Song” had nothing to do with original songs. It was the deliberation between the judges at Regionals, as three ridiculous stereotypes joined together to tell a series of lifeless jokes with no function beyond the initial irony that Kathy Griffin would be playing a Tea Party amalgam of Christine O’Donnell and Sarah Palin. Any scene which functions exactly as you could imagine based on a casting announcement is what one would call a wasted opportunity, and a waste of the pretty great Loretta Devine.
However, the scene is also problematic because it’s happening outside the context of the episode. While the show often raises the specter of “How is this logistically possible” with its various performances, it often does so with a purpose: a big theatrical number is used to reflect big theatrical emotions, using the show’s loose grasp on reality as a stylistic advantage. There was no use to that deliberation scene, an indulgence and little more, but the musical numbers are more often than not “useful” in telling that week’s story. Some of the show’s best episodes, like “Duets,” are all about using musical numbers (sometimes even elaborate ones, like Kurt’s “Le Jazz Hot”) to represent the characters’ state of mind.
What fascinates me about “Original Song,” which was overall a pretty solid episode, was how transparent it was. It positioned songwriting as a way for characters to express their emotion, but their fairly impressive songwriting skills mixed with the on-the-nose characterization made the behind-the-scenes machinations painfully clear. It exposes the central irony of the big Regionals performance: as the Glee club kids take to the stage to perform original songs that communicate their feelings about love and tyrannical educators, they perform pop songs written by famous songwriters for the purpose of selling iTunes downloads.
And while that doesn’t entirely undercut the episode’s function, it does blunt the impact of an episode which was otherwise positioned as a pretty important character beat.
Filed under Glee
Tagged as Analysis, Big Ass Heart, Blackbird, Blaine, Candles, Dalton Academy, Episode 16, Finn, FOX, Get it Right, Hell to the No, Kathy Griffin, Kurt, Lea Michele, Loretta Devine, Loser Like Me, Mercedes, My Headband, New Directions, Only Child, Original Song, Pavaratti, Puck, Quinn, Rachel Berry, Regionals, Review, Ryan Murphy, Santana, Season 2, Sue Sylvester, Tea Party, Television, The Warblers, Trouty Mouth, TV, Will Schuester
Cultural Catchup Project – “The Body” (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)
You can follow along with the Cultural Catchup Project by following me on Twitter (@Memles), by subscribing to the category’s feed, or by bookmarking the Cultural Catchup Project page where I’ll be posting a link to each installment.
One of the qualities about the Cultural Catchup Project which many of you seem to enjoy is the ability to witness someone experience the show for the first time. However, you’ve likely all noticed to this point that, in my case, the emotional side of that is largely obscured by critical analysis: in fact, you need to read between the lines to find a true “personal reflection” in the majority of my reviews.
This isn’t a purposeful attempt to keep myself out of these reviews, nor is it a sign that I am a soulless automaton. Rather, it’s simply the way I approach television: Cultural Learnings tends to operate in a solely critical capacity, and the Cultural Catchup Project has been no exception.
However, I could tell from the response to my tweets about watching “The Body” that separating myself emotionally from the episode would be impossible, both because of how affecting the episode was and because of the admonishing I’d rightfully receive from the regular readers. I do intend to offer a few critical insights, and it is quite likely that those critical insights will end up being quite elaborate, but I also want to make sure that my experience watching “The Body” is collected as part of this project. While I think that this is a truly fantastic piece of work from Joss Whedon, even more important than the text itself is the text’s influence on its audience, and I hope to try to do both justice.
Filed under Cultural Catchup Project
Tagged as Alyson Hannigan, Amber Benson, Analysis, Aneurysm, Anya, Blood Ties, Buffy Summers, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Checkpoint, Crush, Dawn, Death, Dying, Emma Caulfield, Emotion, Episode 16, Giles, Hush, I Was Made To Love You, Joss Whedon, Joyce Summers, Kiss, Kristine Sutherland, Michelle Trachtenberg, Negative Space, Nicholas Brendon, Review, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Season 5, Silence, Sound, Sound Design, Tara, Television, The Body, TV, Vampire, Willow, Xander
Cultural Catchup Project: “Doppelgangland” (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)
“Doppelgangland”
“Different circumstances, that could be me.”
When I remarked a while ago that I intended on focusing on fewer individual episodes during Buffy the Vampire Slayer’s third season, there was a resounding chorus which indicated that “Doppelgangland” absolutely had to be one of them. Not one to fight against a group capable of such raucous consensus, I made a note of it and so here we are.
However, let’s rewind for a second to that initial moment where the episode was suggested so heavily. At the time, since the commenters were so kind as to avoid spoilers, I had no idea why they were suggesting “Doppelgangland;” while when we eventually get to an episode like “Hush” I know enough about the plot to have some sense of what to anticipate, here I have no expectations beyond the comment hype. Is everyone so interested in it because it features a huge step forward for the mythology (like “Surprise”/”Innocence?”), or is it that the episode offers something different that has captured fans’ collective attention?
Part of what makes Buffy so great is that there isn’t just one kind of “good” episode, which meant that all of the hype in the world couldn’t have kept “Doppelgangland” from being at least a bit mysterious when I sat down to watch it. I can’t entirely speak for those who requested the episode, but I can say for me personally that this one’s worth writing about because it’s a barrel full of fun which doesn’t feel like it sacrifices the show’s complexity to achieve such enjoyment. The episode is a rumination on Willow’s unique place as both the most “innocent” (through her general attitude in life) and the most “corrupted” (through the dark arts) of the Scoobies, and the dualities therein give Alyson Hannigan some fantastic material and simultaneously become a thematic consideration that is meaningful to the series’s larger narrative.
Tagged as Alyson Hannigan, Analysis, Angel, Anyanka, Buffy, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Catchup, Cordelia, Doppelgangland, Eliza Dushku, Episode 16, Faith, Giles, Joss Whedon, Mayor Wilkins, Principal Snyder, Review, Season 3, Television, TV, Vampire Willow, Wesley, Willow, Xander
Lost the Morning After: Critics Ponder “What They Died For”
Critics Ponder “What They Died For”
Trapped between perhaps the most divisive episode in the show’s history and a sprawling two and a half hour finale shrouded in mystery, “What They Died For” is a bit tough to “criticize.” Generally speaking, the episode was dramatically strong and effective at providing momentum heading into the finale, but with no guarantees that the payoff will live up to our expectations there is this sense of uncertainty which means that this weeks reviews from critics are sort of hedging their bets.
Normally, you might claim this is in some way counterproductive, but it means that critics are focused on making connections to past episodes and offering their own takes on how the developments in this episode apply to larger ideas within Lost as a whole. It makes for another strong week of Lost criticism, as the setup work done in “What They Died For” is mirrored by critics setting up their own perspectives on the series as we head into Sunday’s finale.
So, let’s take a journey around the internet to see what the critics are saying, shall we?
Filed under Lost
Tagged as ABC, Across the Sea, Analysis, Carlton Cuse, Characters, Choice, Critics, Damon Lindelof, Desmond, Episode 16, Heroism, Jack, Jacob, Mad Men, Narrative, Quest Narrative, Reviews, Roundup, Sawyer, Season 3, Season 6, Television, Themes, TV
Lost – “What They Died For”
“What They Died For”
“I think you’re mistaking coincidence for fate.”
[For more analysis of this week’s penultimate episode of Lost, check out my roundup of Critics’ commentary from across the web.]
Earlier today, TV scholar Jason Mittell wrote a rather fantastic analysis of the variety of different types of questions floating around as Lost comes to an end, nicely capturing the ways in which categorizing the questions helps us outline our own “priorities.” Say what you will about “Across the Sea” (as I, or the critics, did), but it has certainly forced Lost’s active audience to consider which questions matter most at this late stage in the series – rather than forcing us to see things a certain way, the episode forced us to see things of our own choosing, things which help form our personal view of the series heading into its conclusion.
When the episode was labeled as “divisive,” it’s easy to presume that the division lies between those who liked it and those who hated it, but the divisions go much deeper than that. The discussion of the episode brought to light how each individual viewer (rather than “groups” of viewers who we bundle into particular categories) has viewed the series thus far, and in doing so led them to the variety of questions which Mittell classifies; rather than eliding these sorts of big questions or attempting to lead viewers in a certain direction, Lindelof and Cuse sat their audience down by the fire and told them that they had a choice to see this show in whichever way they wanted to going into these final episodes, and they have been more than willing to take the criticism and praise found in the questions that viewers have been asking in the past week.
I make this point because “What They Died For” is all about human agency, about how and why we make choices and what it is that pushes us to do things which may seem morally reprehensible or potentially dangerous. The episode is an important connecting point between the show’s two realities, emphasizing the ways in which choices – and the trust implicit or explicit to those choices – shape both the show and its characters on the island and within the newly introduced sideways stories. By putting to rest any doubts about the position of free will within the series, one can’t help but feel that the show is also empowering its audience to enjoy the same type of agency as we head into the finale, picking up on the spirit (if not necessarily the content) of last week’s divisive episode.
And I, speaking entirely personally, think it worked really well, but I think we’re to the point where saying this objectively may be going against the point of it all.
Tagged as ABC, Across the Sea, Agency, Alex, Ana Lucia, Analysis, Answers, Ben, Benjamin Linus, Carlton Cuse, Charles Widmore, Damon Lindelof, David, Desmond, Entertainment, Episode 16, Flash-Sideways, Jack, Jack Shepard, Jacob, John Locke, Kate, Man in Black, Michael Emerson, Motherhood, Narrative, Questions, Review, Rousseau, Sayid, Season 6, Sideways, Smoke Monster, Television, TV, What They Died For
Chuck – “Chuck vs. the Tooth”
“Chuck vs. the Tooth”
So far in this six-episode miniseason, Chuck has been barreling along not unlike the train in the “premiere” of sorts: the destination isn’t particularly important, we’re just along for the ride as Chuck and Sarah adjust to being a couple and fighting evil at the same time. It’s been a nice change of pace in a season which felt like it was so clearly driving towards the triangle between Chuck, Sarah and Shaw that none of the show’s other elements really got to shine, and I’ve been enjoying these episodes quite a bit.
However, with “Chuck vs. the Tooth” that train has put on the brakes, and you can very clearly see the switch turning to send the train in a certain direction. I understand why this is (we only have two episodes left this season), and I also understand the long-term plans at play within this solid if not spectacular episode. The problem is that the show manipulates short term reactions in order to establish potential consequences regarding the intersect, leading to an episode which plays out as Chuck’s worst nightmare when, in reality, I think the episode would have played out in a more logical and less dramatic fashion.
It gets the point across, no question about that, but it does so in a less than elegant fashion which hearkens back to the original 13 episodes more than this more recent run.
Filed under Chuck
Tagged as Agent Shaw, Analysis, Anna Wu, Casey, Christopher Lloyd, Chuck Bartowski, Dreams, Dreyfus, Ellie, Episode 16, Julia Ling, Morgan, Music, NBC, Nightmares, Psychiatric Ward, Review, Sarah Walker, Season 3, Stephen Bartowski, Television, The Ring, TV, Zamibia
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A.V. Club – T.V. Club
Maureen Ryan
Cultural Learnings · Television Reviews and Analysis
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ASERT-Blog
Down to the WireX
by Roland Dobbins
Over the course of the last few weeks, a botnet comprised mainly of Android mobile devices has been utilized to launch a high-impact DDoS extortion campaign against multiple organizations in the travel and hospitality sector. This botnet, dubbed ‘WireX’, is only the second mobile botnet to have been confirmed to date as being used to launch DDoS attacks, and the first mobile botnet known to have been used in a DDoS extortion campaign.
A rapid, coordinated, round-the-clock response between network operators, content-delivery network (CDN) operators, authoritative DNS registrars/hosters, security researchers and Google has resulted in the identification of the Android applications into which the botnet code was seeded, its command-and-control infrastructure, and the removal of the compromised applications from Google Play. Google has also taken action to force the de-installation of this malware from Android devices which are configured to download and update applications from Google Play, and to prevent similar compromised applications from being uploaded to Google Play in future.
WireX Botnet and DDoS Attack Methodology
The botted Android devices in the WireX botnet were capable of launching HTTP and HTTP/S application-layer attacks against designated targets. As WireX was originally used by its operators to commit click-fraud prior to their venture into DDoS extortion, WireX did not have the ability to generate others types of DDoS attack traffic.
It is estimated that ~130.000 - ~160.000 bots were active at any given moment during the attack campaign. In aggregate, WireX exhibited attack volumes of 20.000 HTTP/S requests/second. These attacks consisted of GET and/or POST commands for pseudo-randomized, non-existent URIs; this tactic was chosen in order to bypass any front-end caching deployed in front of the target Web servers/applications, as well as to complicate mitigation efforts. Pseudo-randomized HTTP User-Agent strings were observed in the attack traffic, ranging from nonsense strings of variable length to a variety of legitimate and legitimate-seeming, but actually invalid, values. As the WireX Android bot code was based on a ‘headless’ JavaScript-capable browser, it reacted to HTTP responses from the targeted servers in a manner similar to that of a legitimate, user-operated Web browser.
While the attacker began by using easily-identifiable HTTP User-Agents, it was clear that as defenders successfully mitigated the attacks, the attacker was monitoring attack efficacy and began changing the User-Agents and other attack traffic characteristics in response. This suggests that the attacker did not have much experience launching DDoS attacks, but learned rapidly to try different techniques to try to thwart the defenders.
The mobile aspect of the WireX botnet resulted in a higher-than-normal churn of attacking source IPs; as the unwitting owners of botted Android devices moved from LAN to LAN, or mobile data cell to mobile data cell, the IP addresses of the attacking devices often changed. Also, some proportion of mobile device owners power down their devices when not in use, which often results in different IP addresses being assigned to the same devices upon startup.
Several of the organizations involved in the WireX analysis and remediation effort have compiled a report of the details of the Android bot code and its command-and-control infrastructure - prominent investigative reporter and security researcher Brian Krebs has posted an excellent overview of their findings, as well as providing links to the actual report itself. Krebs’ article may be found here.
A Firm Foundation Ensures Resilience to Attacks
In addition to understanding how this particular botnet was constructed and operated, it’s important that organizations implement best current practices (BCPs) for their network infrastructure, application/service delivery stacks, and ancillary supporting services. This will allow the organization to maintain availability and ensure continuous service delivery even in the face of attack.
Network infrastructure BCPs such as infrastructure ACLs (iACLs) to protect routers and layer-3 switches from attack, transit ACLs (tACLs) to enforce situationally-specific network access policies, and a sound, scalable network topology, are extremely important. While WireX did not attack network infrastructure devices directly, many botnets are capable of doing so and attackers will often choose to target the network itself rather than end-hosts, in hopes of causing a loss of availability due to lack of preparation on the part of the defenders. An overview of network infrastructure BCPs may be found here.
Application/service delivery stacks must be designed, implemented, and operated in a scalable, resilient manner which allows not only for the highest possible degree of self-protection, but for defenders to have the ability to quickly detect, classify, and traceback DDoS attack traffic. BCPs in this arena include architectural principles such as clear separation between public-facing front-ends and application/service back-ends, reverse proxies to provide layer-7 policy enforcement and inspection of encrypted traffic such as HTTP/S, well-defined URI schemas, as well as ensuring that packets from outside the organization’s network can never directly reach servers and other key delivery elements. Instead, all connections, queries, transactions, responses, etc. should be mediated at both layer-4 and layer-7. For HTTP and HTTP/S, reverse-proxies such as NGINX should be implemented; for authoritative DNS, a logically-segmented DNS architecture making use of hidden masters and external resolvers is strongly recommended.
Elements of DDoS Defense
Every year, Arbor conducts a survey of network operators worldwide, including ISPs, enterprises, CDN operators, wireless and wireline broadband access providers, etc. The results of this survey are published in the annual Arbor Worldwide Infrastructure Security Report (WISR).
One of the key findings of the WISR is that many organizations do not have a DDoS defense plan in place; of the subset which do, many of those organizations have never rehearsed their plan. It is critical that organizations devise and rehearse their DDoS defense plans in order to ensure that they have the requisite personnel, skills, operational processes, communications plans, and support services in place to defend their Internet properties in a timely and effective manner.
Organizations must have the ability to detect, classify, and traceback DDoS attack traffic; they must be able to distinguish between normal traffic patterns and abnormal, and potentially harmful, Internet traffic. Arbor SP provides insight into all Internet traffic ingressing and egressing the network, and alerts the operational security team for both pathological DDoS traffic such as SYN-floods, UDP and TCP reflection/application attacks, DNS query floods, etc., but also to shifts in apparently semantically correct traffic which can represent layer-7 DDoS attacks focused on HTTP and HTTP/S.
Arbor APS and TMS are intelligent DDoS mitigation systems (IDMSes) with a full suite of active DDoS countermeasures, including functionality specifically designed to mitigate layer-7 HTTP and HTTP/S DDoS attacks such as those launched by the WireX Android botnet. Additionally, network infrastructure-based mitigation techniques such as source-based remotely-triggered blackholing (S/RTBH) and flowspec can also be leveraged using Arbor solutions.
Arbor Cloud offers a managed DDoS mitigation service utilizing Arbor DDoS defense solutions, which can be leveraged as an entirely cloud-based mitigation solution, or in a hybrid DDoS defense architecture consisting of both cloud-based and customer premise-deployed Arbor solution elements.
WireX is a reference case for how botnets originally intended for purposes such as click-fraud and spam can be re-purposed to launch DDoS attacks. And it is also a harbinger of things to come; we anticipate significant growth in the abuse of mobile devices to launch DDoS attacks. At the same time, the architectural principles, tools, techniques, processes, and skills required to mitigate DDoS attacks launched by fixed-node botnets also apply to WireX and similar mobile botnets. Organizations which implement the BCPs noted above will be well-prepared to mitigate DDoS attacks from botnets of any type, including mobile botnets such as WireX, now and in the future.
Arbor Networks - DDoS Experts
Attacks and DDoS Attacks
threat analysis
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breadcrumbs Home » Topics A–Z » Foreign body granuloma
Foreign body granuloma
Author: Joel Winders, medical student, University of Auckland, Department of Dermatology, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand. DermNet New Zealand Editor in Chief: Hon A/Prof Amanda Oakley, Dermatologist, Hamilton, New Zealand. Copy editors: Gus Mitchell/Maria McGivern. October 2017.
Foreign body granuloma — codes and concepts
Foreign body granuloma of skin, Foreign body reaction
Reaction to external agent
Foreign body reaction to external agents - tattoos, cosmetic fillers, bovine collagen, silicone, paraffin, intralesional steroids, silica, aluminium, zinc, talc, sutures and cactus spines, Clinical features and complications of foreign body granulomas, Diagnosis of foreign body granulomas, Treatment of foreign body granulomas
L92.3, T85.9XXA, P83.81
FB56.0, EH93.3
SNOMED CT:
3310005432213000, 292787003, 292783004, 17919002, 402379005, 66962008
What is a granuloma?
A granuloma is a histological term for a collection of histiocytes or epithelioid histiocytes accompanied by a range of multinucleated giant cells (masses of macrophages) and other inflammatory cells [1].
What is a foreign body?
A foreign body is any material, living or non–living, that is recognised by host immunity to be 'non-self' and elicits an immunological response.
What is a foreign body granuloma?
A foreign body granuloma forms in response to the introduction of exogenous material to the skin, or in response to modified endogenous material that the immune system identifies as foreign [3].
Foreign body granulomas
Silica granuloma
Tattoo granuloma
Bovine collagen granuloma
How does the body usually get rid of foreign bodies?
The body mounts an inflammatory reaction to get rid of foreign bodies. Neutrophils form the initial host defence by attempting to envelop and digest (phagocytose) the foreign material. If this response is not sufficient in eliminating the foreign body, then monocytes and local tissue macrophages will be activated to engulf the foreign material. If the foreign body is small enough, these cells will effectively remove it from the tissue [1–3].
If foreign bodies are present on the surface of the skin (such as debris in a wound), keratinocytes migrate along the connective tissue formed by fibrin, fibronectin and type V collagen, and dissect it from the underlying tissue during the proliferative phase of healing.
Who gets foreign body granulomas?
Foreign bodies are most commonly introduced into the body through voluntary means, such as tattoos and cosmetic fillers. Involuntary causes of foreign body granulomas, such as minerals and metals accidentally imbedded in the skin, are often seen in those who work in construction industries [3].
What causes foreign body granulomas?
A foreign body granuloma forms when the host immune system is unable to digest the foreign body, resulting in the accumulation of macrophages and histiocytes. As macrophages surround and isolate the foreign body, some of them will fuse to form multinucleated giant cells. T cells and fibroblasts also participate in this inflammatory response [3].
Substances that cause foreign body granulomas include:
Carbon pigments in cosmetic tattoos, and industrial and firearm accidents
Cosmetic fillers, such as collagen, silicone, paraffin and hyaluronic acid
Medications, such as intralesional corticosteroids, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroquinone
Mineral and metallic particles, such as road gravel, silica, aluminium, zinc and nickel
Ruptured cyst, hairs, calcium
Other biotic and abiotic materials, such as talc, cactus spines, glass, retained sutures, splinters, and natural and artificial hair.
What are the clinical features of foreign body granuloma?
Foreign body granulomas most commonly appear as red or red-brown papules, nodules or plaques, which may or may not ulcerate [2,3].
Common presentations of foreign body granuloma
Tattoo granulomas are normally confined to the area of the tattoo. They are most often tender erythematous nodules. Lichenoid or eczematous plaques may also occur. Granulomas usually arise after a new tattoo, although delayed reactions have been reported up to 17 years after tattoo placement.
Bovine collagen injections
Hypersensitivity reactions to bovine collagen result in induration and erythema in the area where the collagen has been injected. Sterile abscesses may occur, which can last for several months or longer.
Silicone implants and injections
Silicone granulomas can form in the dermis when trauma causes the capsule around a silicone implant to rupture. Larger nodules, ulcers and sclerosis may slowly develop, months to years after the injury. Distant nodules can also form due to the leakage of silicone into dependent sites.
Subcutaneous liquid silicone injections may also result in cutaneous nodules and indurated or ulcerated plaques.
Paraffin injection
Paraffin injection for breast or penile implants can lead to a firm, non-tender, nodule, an indurated and ulcerated plaque, and an abscess at the site of injection. This reaction is known as sclerosing lipogranuloma or oleogranuloma.
Intralesional corticosteroid injections
A nodule may form at the site of intralesional corticosteroid injection, due to incomplete absorption or unusual dispersion of the injected material.
Papules, nodules and indurated plaques may develop within a scar after trauma involving glass, sand and dirt.
Aluminium can be introduced into the body through vaccines and immunotherapy. Granulomas may appear as persistent subcutaneous nodules some months after injection.
Granulomas are a rare side effect of insulin injections containing zinc. They present as sterile furuncles (boils), which later heal with atrophic scarring at the injection site.
Talc (hydrous magnesium silicate) is found in many antibiotic and dusting powders and may cause granulomas if these powders are applied to open wounds. Talc granulomas are erythematous papules or nodules that can take years to appear. Reported sites include the umbilicus of infants, amputation stumps, injection sites and the inguinal area.
The retained suture material can be responsible for an inflamed wound site a few weeks after a cutaneous surgical procedure. A fistula to the skin surface may form, and the suture may be ejected from the skin (spitting sutures). Natural materials, such as gut, are more likely to 'spit' than monofilament nylon.
Cactus spines
Cactus spines can induce an acute inflammatory reaction and produce clusters of skin-coloured dome-shaped papules, each with a black dot in the centre. These are found on the hands and fingers of people who handle cactus fruit. A similar reaction can affect people handling sea urchins.
What are the complications of foreign body granuloma?
Complications of foreign body granuloma can include:
Ulceration and abscess formation
Lymphadenopathy, due to the migration of the foreign body to the lymphatic system
Keloids and hypertrophic scarring, more commonly seen in individuals with darker skin [2,3].
How is a foreign body granuloma diagnosed?
Clinical history and examination are often adequate to diagnose foreign body granuloma. Investigations may include:
Biopsy and histological examination
Ultrasound, especially in those with cosmetic fillers where biopsy is not desirable
Observation of silica crystals under polarised light
Optical coherence tomography and confocal scanning laser microscopy of tattoos (eg, for assessment before removal by laser) [2–4].
What is the differential diagnosis for foreign body granuloma?
The differential diagnosis of foreign body granulomas includes other forms of granuloma and other reactions to foreign bodies (for example in-growing hairs can cause pseudofolliculitis, especially in the beard area). The differential diagnoses include:
Granulomatous dermatitis
Actinic granuloma
Majocchi granuloma [3–5].
What is the treatment for foreign body granuloma?
Foreign body granulomas can be excised. Other methods of removal depend on the cause.
The gold standard for the removal of superficial skin tattoos is non-ablative quality (Q)-switched lasers. Picosecond lasers have also been used. The surgical removal of deeper tattoo granulomas may be required.
Topical steroids, intralesional steroid injections, tacrolimus, imiquimod and etanercept have been used successfully to treat granulomatous tattoo reactions.
Foreign body granulomas due to cosmetic fillers may be treated with antibiotics, oral steroids, and
intralesional corticosteroid injections. Fluorouracil injections have also been used. Surgical removal may be undertaken if other treatment options fail.
Other medical options used to treat foreign body granulomas include:
Ascomycin
What is the outcome for foreign body granuloma?
The natural history of foreign body granuloma varies depending on the cause. Foreign body granulomas and abscesses due to bovine collagen injections often regress spontaneously within 1–2 years [2–4]. Other types of foreign body granuloma may persist for decades.
Weedon D. Skin pathology, 2nd edition. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 2003.
Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP (eds). Dermatology [2 volumes], 2nd edn. London: Mosby Elsevier, 2008.
Molina-Ruiz AM, Requena L. Foreign body granulomas. Dermatologic clinics. 2015 Jul 31;33(3):497-523. PubMed
Park TH, Seo SW, Kim JK, Chang CH. Clinical outcome in a series of 173 cases of foreign body granuloma: improved outcomes with a novel surgical technique. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2012; 65: 29–34. DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2011.07.033. PubMed
Tukenmez Demirci G, Mansur AT, Yıldız S, Güleç AT. Is it a sarcoidal foreign-body granuloma or a cutaneous sarcoidosis on a permanent eyebrow make-up?. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy. 2016 Jan 2;18(1):50-2. PubMed
Keloid and hypertrophic scars
Tattoo-associated skin reactions
Dermal fillers and augmentation procedures
Hyaluronic acid implant
Normal wound healing CME
Abnormal wound healing CME
Reactions to external agents
Skin-nontumor: Foreign body reaction — PathologyOutlines.com.
See the DermNet NZ bookstore.
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1-(vinyloxy)octadecane
other: Expert statement
other: Expert statement in the absence of toxicokinetic studies.
Objective of study:
toxicokinetics
Expert statement
other: liquid
Details on exposure:
Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
Doses / concentrations
Positive control:
Details on dosing and sampling:
Preliminary studies:
Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies
Details on absorption:
Generally, absorption of 1-(vinyloxy)octadecane is limited by its high lipophilicity (log Pow >8) and its low water solubility. However, pathological and histopathological findings in the liver after repeated oral administration indicate that the compound becomes bioavailable to a certain extend. Both, passive diffusion and/or active transport through the cell membrane are considered to be possible mechanisms of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
The test item is solidified at room temperature and the vapour pressure of the test item at 25 °C is estimated to be low. Therefore, inhalation of dust or vapour is unlikely. However, if the test item becomes available for inhalation, the test item might be taken up by micellular solubilisation to a certain extend.
Both, uptake of 1-(vinyloxy)octadecane into the stratum corneum and partition from the stratum corneum into the epidermis is limited by the high log Pow value and the low water solubility, respectively. Thus, absorption across the skin is estimated to be low. However, since the available LLNA revealed a skin sensitising effect, the substance has to penetrate the skin to a certain extend. These results indicate skin penetration after dermal application.
Details on distribution in tissues:
The test substance might distribute into the cells and intracellular concentration might be higher than extracellular concentration particularly in fatty tissues due to the high log Pow value. In the available repeated dose toxicity studies the liver was identified as a target organ.
Based on the high log Pow value bioaccumulation of the test substance cannot be excluded but is expected to be limited due to the presumed metabolism.
Details on excretion:
Potential metabolites of 1-(vinyloxy)octadecane described above are estimated to be oxidised to carbon dioxide within the TCA pathway and are therefore expected to be excreted via exhalation. In case of the unchanged test substance biliary excretion is expected due to the molecular weight (~ 300 g/mol) and the low water solubility.
Metabolite characterisation studies
Details on metabolites:
The test substance might be hydrolysed by formation of acetaldehyde and octadecanol. Further oxidation could result in acetic acid and octadecanal, subsequently oxidised to octadecanoic acid which in turn may enter the mitochondrial β-oxidation pathway followed by the citric acid cycle (TCA) pathway.
There are no indications of genotoxicity of the test item and its metabolites from the present Ames and cytogenetic test (BASF, 1989, 2012), and several mutation assays in mammalian cells with three different structure analogues of the test substance (BASF, 1992, 1998, 2010). Thus, 1-(vinyloxy)octadecane and its metabolites are expected not to be genotoxic and metabolic activation is unlikely to occur.
Bioaccessibility
Bioaccessibility testing results:
Based on the results of acute and repeated dose toxicity studies as well as on the structure, the molecular weight and the phys./chem. properties, the test substance can be considered to be bioavailable via oral, dermal and possibly also via inhalation route.
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How To Inspire The Best And The Brightest To Become Educators?
Category: Insight
Written by C. M. Rubin
The role of teachers is paramount to raising educational standards around the globe.
In countries such as Finland, Singapore and South Korea, teachers are recruited from the most qualified graduates, are highly trained, respected and paid well. But that’s not the case in every country. According to Mckinsey’s “Closing the Talent Gap: Attracting and Retaining Top-Third Graduates to Careers in Teaching”, in the United States for example, only 23 percent of new teachers come from the top third, and just 14 percent are in high poverty schools, where the difficulty of attracting and retaining talented teachers is particularly acute. If nations are serious about attracting the best talent to educate their children, they clearly need to improve the value proposition to potential candidates.
Our Global Teacher Bloggers are pioneers and innovators in fields such as technology integration, mathematics coaching, special needs education, science instruction, and gender equity. They have founded schools, written curricula, and led classrooms in 13 different countries that stretch across every populated continent on earth. These teachers empower and enrich the lives of young people from nearly every background imaginable.
Today in The Global Search for Education, our Top Global Teacher Bloggers share their answers to this month’s question: How do we inspire the best and brightest to become educators?
The short answer to our question for Miriam Mason-Sesay (@EducAidSL) in Sierra Leone is to “engage young people in a new paradigm. If success is defined in terms of being human; if success is defined in terms of how many people have I had a positive impact on through my ways of being and dealing with them; if success is defined in terms of have I made the world a better place by the ways I treat others and live my life, then there is an excitement about being part of the only profession where we can truly change the life chances of hundreds of young people.” Read More.
Maarit Rossi (@pathstomath) offers crucial insight into the question, being from Finland–arguably the country with the best teachers in the world. She thinks it boils down to simple concepts like: “respect of the profession, flexibility of the curriculum, teachers’ high level of education and autonomy of teaching methods.” In Finland, there are no school inspectors nor national tests. Teachers themselves are trusted to observe and evaluate their students. “I make my own tests or make them together with a colleague. We don’t give much homework.” Read more.
“Within the most challenging schools there are educators whose love for what they do can be infectious because they see value of impacting the lives of children,” says Nadia Lopez (@TheLopezEffect) whose school is in one of New York’s low income neighborhoods where recruiting and keeping skilled teachers is very difficult. Check out Nadia’s top tips to attract the best and brightest to a career in education: Read more.
Adam Steiner’s blog (@steineredtech) is inspired by the award-winning book, Professional Capital (Authors Andy Hargreaves @HargreavesBC and Michael Fullan @MichaelFullan1). Professional Capital recognized that teaching cannot be scripted and emphasized collective responsibility and shared success as key to school success. Steiner notes that the lessons of Professional Capital identify “key factors in recruiting and retaining the best teachers”:Read more.
Pauline Hawkins (@PaulineDHawkins) asserts “American teachers are scapegoats for everything wrong with our society.” So how does Pauline suggest we bring respect to the profession? The first step in her multiple step process is “getting rid of the ridiculous evaluation system based on standardized tests and tied to teacher pay. Master teachers know that their true effectiveness cannot be measured by a test.” Read more.
“It starts with us! The people in education right now!” says Craig Kemp (@mrkempnz) who believes that part of the problem is the media tends to show the hardships of being an educator. Craig, who credits his Mum for his passion to teach, says educators must promote and share what they do in positive ways. “One comment can influence someone to become a teacher.” Read more.
Rashmi Kathuria (@rashkath) from India notes, “Teaching is not just a job from 8:00 am to 3:00 pm. It is a time consuming job even after regular school hours.” When teachers go home they don’t usually get to relax; teachers prepare assignments, do corrections, and work at home preparing lesson plans. They also, “take up online self-professional development from home.” Rashmi recommends incentives for teachers who do extraordinary work such as “a subsidized internet connection to work from home and remain connected with students through their blogs/wikis/online classrooms.” Read more.
“There are no magic tricks” says Dana Narvaisa (@dana_narvaisa) from Latvia who shares experiences from her own journey. “If you’re a leader in your twenties or thirties, you’re looking for growth, you’re looking for mentors, for role models. To get the best and brightest to become educators, they need at least a few more like-minded people on their team for long term success.” Read More.
Money and common sense are key, notes Todd Finley (@finleyt) quoting Stanford Professor Linda Darling-Hammond: “Nearly all of the vacancies currently filled with emergency teachers could be filled with talented, well-prepared teachers if 40,000 service scholarships of up to $25,000 each were offered annually” to offset teacher education costs based on merit. Curriculum that’s too focused on standardized test scores is “soul killing” and evaluation by VAM Scores should immediately stop. “To attract teachers, we need the public will to support service scholarships, increase pay, stop over-testing, and terminate verifiably wrong-headed evaluation practices.” Read more.
Richard Wells (@EduWells) takes a different approach to the question. “I believe it makes for a more positive debate when people discuss the potential growth of current teachers, than that of asking: ‘how do we attract better people?” So how does New Zealand build the best and the brightest teachers? Read more.
Katherine Franco Cardenas (@ProfKaterineFra) of Colombia writes for The Global Search for Education in her native language of Spanish and believes that, “one way to inspire the best and brightest to become an educator lies in providing the opportunity for direct interaction with teachers making a difference in the context in which they operate.” It’s important for teachers to meet inspiring educators to serve as a role model for how an educator can make a positive effect on their communities. Read More.
The Top Global Teacher Bloggers is a monthly series where educators across the globe offer experienced yet unique takes on today’s most important topics. CMRubinWorld utilizes the platform to propagate the voices of the most indispensable people of our learning institutions, teachers.
Author: C. M. RubinWebsite: http://www.cmrubinworld.com/
The Global Search for Education (GSE) is a regular contributor to EdTechReview. Authored by C. M Rubin GSE brings together distinguished thought leaders in education and innovation from around the world to explore the key learning issues faced by today's nations. The series has become a highly visible platform for global discourse on 21st century education.
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UnitedHealth’s Optum business is laying waste to old notions about how payers make money
Entering the healthcare services market might just be the answer to offset risk-laden insurance products.
As major health insurers battle steep losses on the exchange market, UnitedHealth has leveraged its ace in the hole to stay out of the red: Optum.
And its success creates an important lesson for other payers — entering the healthcare services market might just be the answer to offset risk-laden insurance products.
Optum is a behemoth in the healthcare industry, reaping profits for parent company UnitedHealth Group by having virtually every payer and over 5,000 hospitals in its portfolio. Optum works with about 300 health plans, including the insurance arm of UnitedHealth Group, UnitedHealthcare.
Its payer portfolio has roughly 70 percent of the market that uses integrity tools, according to OptumInsight CEO Eric Murphy, Optum’s former chief growth officer. Roughly 20 percent of the market uses Optum to manage capability around claims processing, he said.
[Also: Optum drives strong growth in first quarter for UnitedHealth Group]
“Optum, as an United division, is unique for a big top five payer to have,” Murphy said. “This year our revenues are on pace to triple from 2011. We continuously look to help our clients solve bigger and broader business challenges. We have really enjoyed dynamic growth of 23 percent, compounded annually.”
In another boost to earnings, earlier this year, OptumCare acquired surgery center chain, Surgical Care Affiliates for $2.3 billion, adding more than 200 free-standing surgical centers in 33 states.
And in early May, Optum won the Company of the Year award during the annual Frost & Sullivan Growth Innovation and Leadership Awards Banquet in Santa Clara, California.
A PAYER LEADING PAYERS
Insurers using Optum’s services fall into one or two camps, according to Murphy. Either they want help to grow their top line, and/or they want to manage their expenses.
“Often times when talking about assisting a health plan … depending on the magnitude of the system, they want us to go at-risk,” Murphy said.
This risk comes in various models of financial or performance-based metrics. For instance, Optum could ensure it would not receive remuneration until it achieved a certain savings threshold.
“Optum has vested interest,” Murphy said. “It makes Optum unique in delivering an outcome.” Clients, he said, “want to make sure you’re aligned with them.”
As the information technology and services arm of UnitedHealth Group, Optum offers population health management, pharmacy benefit management, analytics, consulting and other services to care providers, health plans, government entities and life sciences companies through its OptumRx, OptumInsight and OptumHealth businesses.
For example , the nation’s second-largest retirement plan administrator Empower Retirement, recently named OptumHealth its exclusive partner for health savings accounts.
Revenue for OptumInsight, the advisory consulting branch for technology and analytics, grew 19 percent or by $2.1 billion dollars last year.
In a recent shuffling of executive positions, Murphy, the company’s former chief growth officer, became CEO of OptumInsight.
“We have the largest healthcare consultancy in the industry,” Murphy said. “We have 1,000 consultants within the advisory practice on both strategy and tactics.”
Clients who sign on with Optum get access to all of its services, from OptumInsight to OptumRx to clinical management programs.
“We go as a single Optum enterprise,” Murphy said.
A DIVERSIFIED MODEL
Sean Wieland, a research analyst with Piper Jaffray, said every business segment of Optum has the goal to drive down the medical loss ratio, for itself and for other payers.
But about two-thirds of Optum’s revenue comes from UnitedHealthcare, according to Wieland.
“Optum sells to every plan, including UnitedHealthcare,” Wieland said. “I look at it as a ying and yang relationship. Everything it does is to drive a low medical loss business for itself and other payers.”
For instance, the pharmacy care services business, OptumRx, does everything that a pharmacy benefit manager does, but also makes sure patients are taking the right medications at the right time, he said.
“When it comes to seeking care, OptumCare is one of the fastest growth areas of the business,” Wieland said. “Doctors or caregivers employed by United help you manage your care, with the goal of keeping you out of the hospital.”
[Also: UnitedHealth Group shuffles executive management, names new Optum leaders]
A member can use Optum through each step of the medical process, according to Wieland.
“You get a United member, the first point of contact is an Optum care physician, they receive medications from OptumRx, analytics are done on care gaps by OptumInsight,” he said. “All of those are to lower loss on medical care.”
What doesn’t lower costs, such as electronic health records, or owning hospitals, isn’t part of Optum’s business plan, he said.
“For the vast majority of the member base, all of that stuff is working and should be able to reduce hospital admissions,” Wieland said. “It’s enabling UnitedHealthcare to have a lower medical loss trend and allows them to realize profits in Optum.”
Because it is a separate business from UnitedHealth Group and UnitedHealthcare, Optum is not under the same restrictive regulations faced by insurers.
This means it can have a higher profit margin than the 15 to 20 percent that’s regulated. Insurers are mandated to spend 80 to 85 percent on medical costs. If they make more than that, they must give the profits back to members.
“Optum is not an insurance company so it doesn’t have to adhere,” Wieland said.
Payers and providers that sign up for Optum’s services do not get this benefit. They use Optum because it provides good services at a fair price, Wieland said.
Peter Costa, a senior analyst and managing director at Wells Fargo, said Optum represents no one single business model rolled up under one umbrella.
All of Optum’s businesses give United two key things, Costa said. One is that it helps with the benefits business because of the technology that exists at Optum.
“It gives United a business model that’s less regulated because it’s not a part of health insurance business it’s servicing,” Costa said of the second.
SINCEREST FORM OF FLATTERY
All of this success isn’t going unnoticed. In fact, other companies are already trying to emulate Optum, even if at a smaller scale.
“Optum is a bigger entity than what anyone else has,” Costa said. “Others have pieces of it.”
“For years, UnitedHealth Group was somewhat unique in that business model,” Murphy said. “On the health plan side are mini-Optums. I’ve seen health plans, stand up venture-type organizations, take equity interest through health plans that have their own solutions group or make acquisitions of service providers to build out a portfolio.”
[Also: OptumCare to acquire Surgical Care Affiliates for $2.3 billion]
UnitedHealth Group began as an HMO in 1974 and over the last 40 years has evolved to include UnitedHealthcare and Optum. It has built a vast network of preferred care providers, using its large economy of scale to negotiate better medical care rates with care providers.
About 20 years ago, United didn’t just sit back and say the business was being about a managed care organization, Murphy said.
“It asked,” he said, “‘how do you get capabilities and assets on the insurance side? How do you meet the needs of rest of marketplace, through a diversified portfolio?”
The genesis of what is now Optum started when UnitedHealth decided to diversify its portfolio. United used Optum to support its own insurance business, and to look to the external market that had similar wants and needs.
In April, UnitedHealth Group released strong first quarter results, driven in no small part by Optum’s 16 percent growth in operations. UnitedHealth Group net earnings rose to $2.17 billion from $1.61 billion a year earlier.
The company is focused on five high-growth markets to drive the next decade of growth, according to Murphy. These include technology-enabled information and services, clinical care delivery, pharmacy care services, consumer-centric benefits and global opportunities.
Optum is helping clients through a model called plan-build-manage, Murphy said.
Plan is the advisory piece. Build is the assets, the intellectual property, tools software and applications. And manage is the ability to provide these services in a risk-based outsourcing model.
“We manage businesses across the entire value chain around claims payment processing,” Murphy said. “We generate upwards of $6 billion of savings for our clients.”
Optum CEO Larry Renfro has set the goal of “70 in 7.” That is in reference to a net promoter system, so Renfro wants to see NPS of 70 percent, in 7 years. Optum is currently at 40 percent.
NPS is a growth metric, measuring client satisfaction, from those that sing Optum’s praises, to those that are neutral, and clients that are detractors. The NPS goals are fully aligned across UnitedHealth Group’s compensation systems, Renfro said during the April earnings call.
This year, NPS scores have risen four points in commercial, Medicare and retirement and community and state businesses. And Optum’s results show strong satisfaction as well, Renfro said.
“When you lay it all out, what we did at Optum (is ask), how can we overlay Optum across the value chain, so we help those health plans executive on their strategies, on their tactical programs?” Murphy said. “Providers and payers, we are seeing more and more interest especially as the market moves towards value-based reimbursement. It really drives the motivation around to become an integrated system.”
Optum’s focus has been on making the healthcare system work better for everyone while historically it’s been a business-to-business relationship, Murphy said.
“Ultimately, it’s business-to-business-to-consumer,” Murphy said.
We are on a mission to revolutionize the Healthcare continuum, bringing real value for patients, payers and providers.
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Public Bank Solution
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HOW TO RESOLVE THE CREDIT CRISIS: GIVING CREDIT WHERE CREDIT IS DUE
Posted on January 12, 2009 by Ellen Brown
Economist John Kenneth Galbraith famously said, “The process by which banks create money is so simple that the mind is repelled.” If banks can create money, why are we suffering from a “credit crunch”? Why can’t banks create all the money they can find borrowers for?
Filed under: Ellen Brown Articles/Commentary |
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Brock Moore, on January 21, 2009 at 10:22 pm said:
Personal Message to Ellen Brown
Ms. Brown,
Regarding the claim that I disputed with you that the “real cause” of the Revolution was Britain’s monetary policies towards America:
You earlier admitted that while the Franklin “quotation” may have been apocryphal, that historians supported that claim. I think that what we can actually find are qualified and reputable historians who say it was the mercantilist policies of Britain in general towards America that were the cause of the Revolution, not Britain’s monetary policy specifically, which was merely an element of mercantilist policy.
I asked you for references to those historians, not to embarrass you, but toward “cleaning up” the reformist case, to make it stronger and more credible. Much of it is full of blatant falsehoods, many of which date back to concoctions that date no earlier than the Greenbacker era of the second half of the nineteenth century, when the propaganda machine of that then robust political movement was in full swing.
These falsehoods are so easily exposed, that exposing them by our opponents in public debate blemishes and demeans the essence of the reformist case, which is based on fundamental truth.
Particularly easy to expose is this “real cause” claim, so often associated with the name of Benjamin Franklin. Franklin was a member of the Committee of Five, which drafted the Declaration of Independence. The claim is not in the Declaration. One would think that the “real cause” for the Revolution would be enumerated in the Declaration of Independence by a drafter of that document.
The other and perhaps by far the most egregious claim in my estimation is the “debt virus” theory that all money comes from bank loans, but the banks do not create the money to pay interest in the lending process, therefore more money must be borrowed from the banks to pay interest back to the banks, thereby compounding the debt.
You begin almost every interview that I have listened to or seen with this fallacy. I think it must degrade the essence of your argument to informed audiences, if only through guilt by association.
Even the consensus of the discussants in this blog is that at least some of it is spent into circulation by the banks, though I would contend and demonstrate that more than enough is spent into circulation to pay interest to the banks.
There is an alternative theory as to why debt tends to compound. That is the “A + B theorem” of C. H. Douglas, the founder of the Social Credit movement. It is the analytically correct alternative to “debt virus” that explains the endemic shortage of purchasing power.
In that theory the problem is due to a flaw in national accountancy, that with the broadening and lengthening to the structure of production, what is called in the jargon of Social Credit, “labor displacement,” the ratio of “B” payments is increasing in respect to “A” payments. “A” payments are going to final consumers, while “B” payments are going into the “working capital” balances held by firms. These balances are therefore increasing in respect of balances held by consumers, as the structure of production lengthens and broadens, and more working capital becomes increasingly required for the day to day operations of the firms. The costs of production that are being charged against retail sales through the rules and conventions of accounting equal A + B, while income going to consumers equals A. If the ratio of B is increasing to A, then A must be falling in respect of A + B. This means that an increasing increment of the costs of production are never being liquidated through sales to final consumers, adding incrementally to debt. The solution is to supplement consumer purchasing power in ways that do not enter the accounted for costs of production. For this Social Credit suggests remedies like the National Dividend and Retail Discount. This theory is easily reconciled to the “magrinal utility” theory of neo-classical economics.
I wish you would consider this alternate theory. I can help explain it to you in further discussion. There is also a Social Credit discussion group at Elistas. I can ask the moderator to invite you to join.
moneycreation, on January 21, 2009 at 11:20 pm said:
I think you underestimate the readers of this blog (an inherent superiority due to religion, perhaps?)
There’s a common denominator concerning the Cromwell, revolution, The French Revolution,, the FED, the Russian revolution, the American revolution and I think all reading this know this.
So I think people here understand your purpose and your agenda. Just because people don’t express it doesn’t mean they don*t know this connection.
You haven’t proved the fallacy regarding “debt virus” theory. Just repeating it’s a fallacy without any logical reasoning. Repeating the same mambo jumbo all over again won’t change that.
John Williams, on January 22, 2009 at 12:49 am said:
I think Brock is right about the absolute “debt virus” where no interest is created only principle. The absolute “debt virus” idea has evolved because it is an easy way to spread an understanding of the problem which is more complex but has the same outcome only slower.
Brocks belief that a modified “debt virus” is untrue without providing an alternative explanation for pervasive long term inflation is perplexing. If the “debt virus” is partially true it would explain inflation since money would be loaned that would replace the interest that was not spent but deposited causing money to grow faster than goods. If the people who earn interest from banks such as depositors, employees and stock holders deposit some of the the money (which they surely do) where it used as “checkbook money” to “create a new deposit” through a loan the results will be the same as the “debt virus”. Interest will still be earning interest through debt which would compound growing faster than goods. If the banks spend money in high finance investments which are not available to borrowers the results will be similar to the “debt virus”. Until there is a better explanation for pervasive long term inflation other than this I will not believe someone just because they say it cannot be so. This will also have the same result as Social Credit attempts to solve namely there will be increasingly more money in costs of production or investments and decreasing money available for consumer purchasing power. Social Credit proposes a solution to this problem but never enumerates the underlying cause beyond accounting.
As long as Brock cannot explain why the Pennsylvania colonial scrip was not inflationary while our current system is his explanations are lacking because a modified “debt virus” would explain this.
Brock Moore, on January 22, 2009 at 1:52 am said:
I think Brock is right about the absolute “debt virus” where no interest is created only principle. The absolute “debt virus” idea has evolved because it is an easy way to spread an understanding of the problem which is more complex but has the same outcome only slower. Brock’s belief that a modified “debt virus” is untrue without providing an alternative explanation for pervasive long term inflation is perplexing.
Except the other day you gave three explanations for inflation, not one of which had anything to do with “debt virus.” In fact, none of them was even a monetary explanation.
As for “debt virus” lite, which is another name for the bankers’ underconsumption hypothesis, I offered a refutation in asking why should the banker behave differently than any other firm or business. It is a fact that when the economy is growing or expanding, every firm, as a matter of statistics or average, is disbursing more in cash flow than it is receiving back through sales, yet is booking a profit through the rules of double entry accounting. The banker’s fee and interest income is equivalent to an ordinary firm’s sales. Why would the banker be behaving differently than any other firm? Why would he be spending less than his income when every other firm on average is spending more than its income? I suppose it would be possible, but the anomaly would have to be explained. It is incumbent on the proponent of debt virus lite to explain it.
If the “debt virus” is partially true it would explain inflation since money would be loaned that would replace the interest that was not spent but deposited causing money to grow faster than goods.
Okay, so here’s your tie-in to debt virus.
If the people who earn interest from banks such as depositors, employees and stock holders deposit some of the money (which they surely do) where it used as “checkbook money” to “create a new deposit” through a loan the results will be the same as the “debt virus”.
This sentence is not even coherent. I have no idea what you’re trying to say.
Interest will still be earning interest through debt which would compound growing faster than goods.
This is also not coherent, but I think you’re trying to say that people who earn interest from their deposits in the bank let it ride, thereby earning interest on interest. That would have to be in offset to interest that is owed TO banks, would it not. This would be anti-debt-virus, in that it works in the opposite direction, I should think. But I’m only guessing what you’re trying to say.
If the banks spend money in high finance investments which are not available to borrowers the results will be similar to the “debt virus”.
All the investments are similar to loans because they involve the creation of money with the expectation of profit.
This will also have the same result as Social Credit attempts to solve namely there will be increasingly more money in costs of production or investments and decreasing money available for consumer purchasing power.
As is explained through the A + B theorem.
Social Credit proposes a solution to this problem but never enumerates the underlying cause beyond accounting.
Because the underlying cause is the flaw in accounting. Debt virus and debt virus lite are fallacies.
But the Pennsylvania scrip was loaned into circulation “moderately,” according to Adam Smith, while the similar scrip in the other colonies was inflationary, presumably because the authorities in the other colonies were not so “moderate.” You simply cannot compare the Pennsylvania system, which was before the Industrial Revolution, where the colony’s total expenditure was 4500 pounds, to the current situation, where government expenditure is in the trillions.
Please note also that Pennsylvania’s system, according to Smith, was very much like the modern banking system. Perhaps you didn’t notice. The notes were loaned into circulation, at interest, where the interest income was spent into circulation by government. So the bank was a profit making operation, with the profit going to government, rather than private investors. One significant difference was that the loans were up to twice the value of pledged security in land, as Smith described it, while the present standard is 80% of pledged security. I think that the Pennsylvania system had the potential for very high inflation, in the hands of irresponsible authorities. According to Smith, that was indeed the situation in the other colonies.
John Williams, on January 22, 2009 at 3:27 am said:
—-Except the other day you gave three explanations for inflation, not one of which had anything to do with “debt virus.” In fact, none of them was even a monetary explanation.—
Inflation does not have to be monetary it can be psychological that is generally why it is so erattic. The pervasive long term inflation is not erratic but monetary. You are the one who said it was complex but now expect one answer for the cause of inflation?
A refutation would be a better explanation for inflation other than saying it is an unexplainable phenomena.
—This sentence is not even coherent. I have no idea what you’re trying to say..—
Read it again because it is coherent unless you have preconceived notions that preclude new understanding. If people who are paid with the interest the banks make (stockholders, employees, interest on deposits etc..) deposit it at the bank which is then used by banks for new loans through the fractional reserve system the problems associated with the debt virus will still arise. This is exactly the same as the debt virus except the bank is not lending the needed interest whoever earns the interest is. Also your arrogant attitude speaks volumes about your nature and explains your inability to understand anything outside your obviously cemented world view.
—Because the underlying cause is the flaw in accounting. Debt virus and debt virus lite are fallacies.—-
Then changing accounting rules should suffice to solve the problem. I do not see how a national dividend has anything to do with accounting. The national dividend amount may be determined by accounting but the cause is nothing to do with accounting. This is circular logic.
The Pennsylvania system written by Benjamin Franklin is basically monetizing goods. All money is backed by assets irregardless of your belief that banks magically give it value. Without goods money would be worthless but without money goods still have value. In a system where this was explicit and the guiding principle the only way to earn money would be production. A nationalized bank system would follow closer to this principle and I do not believe they would be more inflationary than the current system which has inflated a dollar to a worth of 2 cents during its existence.
The reason the Pennsylvania system was not inflationary is because the interest was spent by government allowing loans to be repaid without new loans being issued. You have still not given a cogent explanation for long term pervasive inflation.
Read it again because it is coherent unless you have preconceived notions that preclude new understanding. If people who are paid with the interest the banks make (stockholders, employees, interest on deposits etc..) deposit it at the bank which is then used by banks for new loans through the fractional reserve system…
This is more incoherency, John. Loans are not made from deposits, loans create deposits. Your second sentence here is just bass-ackwards.
Then changing accounting rules should suffice to solve the problem.
No, because the problem is not correctable at the accounting level of firms, but only at the level of the economy as a whole. The problem is correctable at the level of the macroeconomy. The Dividend and Retail Discounts are effectively macroeconomic accounting adjustments. The analogy is to leap adjustments to the calendar. The Earth does not revolve about the Sun in exactly three hundred sixty five days. It is not possible to construct the perfect calendar, so we periodically make leap adjustments.
The Pennsylvania system written by Benjamin Franklin is basically monetizing goods.
No, goods are never monetized, except when they are sold. Loans are made against security, which has the effect of lowering the rate of interest that otherwise would have to be charged.
All money is backed by assets irregardless of your belief that banks magically give it value.
It’s not true that all money is backed by assets, meaning assets as security. Credit card debt is unsecured. Signature loans are unsecured. And where did you get the idea that I believe that banks magically give money value? Money gains its value through the integrity of the clearing system, in that it is generally recognized and accepted in trade and commerce.
Without goods money would be worthless but without money goods still have value.
This statement is just nonsensical. I’m astonished that you think it’s meaningful.
The reason the Pennsylvania system was not inflationary is because the interest was spent by government…
Not according to what Adam Smith said. The scrip in the other colonies was inflationary even though their governments spent their interest income into circulation.
…allowing loans to be repaid without new loans being issued.
That’s how the present system works. Nothing special about that.
You have still not given a cogent explanation for long term pervasive inflation.
Well, you certainly haven’t.
—-This is more incoherency, John. Loans are not made from deposits, loans create deposits. Your second sentence here is just bass-ackwards.—-
Banks get Central Bank Money then make a loan based on that then when the loan has been deposited after it was spent it is used to make another loan. Is this incorrect? Because if it is not then loans come from deposits starting with a Central Bank Money deposit and continuing from there.
Accounting explains phenomena that occurs in reality it does not create it. I can explain gravity with an equation but the equation is not the cause of gravity.
The loans given in Pennsylvania were essentially monetizing goods because %90 of production was agrarian. Currently goods are not monetized through loans but there is no reason it could not be done.
I am not talking about policy only reality. I am saying without goods money is worthless but goods have worth without money. I am saying money derives its worth from goods upside down thinking figures it is the other way around.
Here again an absolute lack of tact. So you think it is untrue? Money has some magical value of its own through clearinghouses according to you but if nothing was produced the clearing houses would mean nothing to the value of money because it would be worthless.
I am talking about Pennsylvania the other colonies most likely printed as much revenue as they thought was needed or did not follow the policy put forth by Franklin in some other way.
According to you and your rigid understanding
The explanation I have given is much better than saying it is an unexplainable phenomena and to complex to ever understand. Pervasive inflation is explained much better by a partial “debt virus” than anything you have so far offered. Saying the A+B theorem is the cause is nonsensical it causes nothing it only explains what is happening not what the real world cause is. Accounting explains it not causes it your thinking is very upside-down.
Banks get Central Bank Money then make a loan based on that then when the loan has been deposited after it was spent it is used to make another loan. Is this incorrect?
It is incorrect. This is not how it works at all. Banks grant loans and spend from their power to credit customer deposit accounts. Reserves in central bank credit are needed to meet withdrawal demands. Banks are required to redeem their deposit liabilities with central bank credit on demand.
Flawed accounting distorts reality, John.
The loans given in Pennsylvania were essentially monetizing goods because %90 of production was agrarian.
This argument makes no sense at all. Think about it. Goods are monetized only when they are sold.
Currently goods are not monetized through loans but there is no reason it could not be done.
My God, more nonsense! The Pennsylvania land bank was lending on the SECURITY of land. Presently, banks lend on the SECURITY of land and other valuable assets. Not much difference.
I am not talking about policy only reality.
A rather twisted vision of reality.
I am saying without goods money is worthless but goods have worth without money.
And this is a completely nonsensical statement.
They inflated the money supply, John. I have for that the authority of Adam Smith.
The explanation I have given is much better than saying it is an unexplainable phenomena and to complex to ever understand.
John, you’re of those fellows who is displaying an inability to understand what you have read. I NEVER said that inflation was unexplainable or too complex to understand. And your most recent explanation is based on the demonstrably fallacious debt virus hypothesis.
Saying the A+B theorem is the cause is nonsensical it causes nothing it only explains what is happening not what the real world cause is.
And this sentence is incomprehensible. The only thing I can get from it is that you don’t like the A + B theorem. Perhaps I should suggest that you also learn to write.
Accounting explains it not causes it your thinking is very upside-down.
Again, incomprehensible.
So all explanations of how fractional reserve system works are tossed out because it is inconvenient to your world view. Show me one place where all rules of fractional reserve are tossed away to conform to your understanding because I have not seen one.
Then a correction to accounting will solve the problem. If anything other than that is required than the cause is not accounting but something else.
You think a loan to a company does not involve a sale? The company sells that the good/service they are making will be worth the loan otherwise it is not given. It is not hard to understand that this is basically what was happening in Pennsylvania. A loan was given on property which would be used to grow produce. For example when 2 farms got this loan they could purchase each others produce then repay the loan.
No difference except in Pennsylvania the interest was spent by government and it was not inflationary. I guess to you this is a coincidence or more likely greenback propaganda as anything that shows the current system isn’t perfect or can be improved must be.
According to Adam Smith Pennsylvania was not inflationary so obviously the other states did not follow their policy.
Where is the explanation of the cause of long term inflation then?
It seems you are running into a lot of cognitive dissonance since very simple ideas are totally incomprehensible to you. Sorry about that.
moneycreation, on January 22, 2009 at 6:57 am said:
I’m still looking for some mathematical proofs or at least examples.
As Nobel Prize winning scientist, Frederick Soddy, had to say about the monetary system:
“I thought that, as a scientific man, I ought to know something about economics. So I studied the money system for two years and could make nothing of it. Then, one day, the truth dawned on me. What I was studying was not a system, but a confidence trick.”
Or why not Tolkiens words:
“Throned above all, in a manner without parallel in all past, is the veiled prophet of finance, swaying all men living by a sort of magic, and delivering oracles in a language not understood of the people.”
That Brock think that he has any credibility is laughable . Stockpiling nonse isn’t trustworthy. He’s a troll trying to make things as incoherent as possible
Indeed, all that is required is macroeconomic accounting adjustment.
You think a loan to a company does not involve a sale? The company sells that the good/service they are making will be worth the loan otherwise it is not given.
Okay, the borrower is “selling” to the bank that he is a good risk for the loan by pledging his land as collateral. Except the Pennsylvania land bank as described by Adam Smith could lend on the security at TWICE its value. In that case the land would be worth only HALF the value of the land that secures the loan. Let me repeat, goods are monetized only by selling their ownership to someone else for money.
No difference except in Pennsylvania the interest was spent by government and it was not inflationary.
But the same money would be spent by whoever owns the bank. Only the profit from the bank could be spent toward ordinary government expenditure. The rest of the interest received would go to paying the costs of supplying the bank’s services, the salaries and wages of the bank’s employees, and so on. Even in Pennsylvania, profit was the smallest component of interest received.
Have you not read the quotation from Adam Smith? According to Smith the other colonies set up similar land banks but the authorities in the other colonies were not as “moderate” as the authorities in Pennsylvania. In other words, they inflated.
Again, you haven’t provided one. Please tell us how the current Zimbabwean inflation is caused by debt virus. The rate of inflation in Zimbabwe is at several million percent. It is the highest rate of inflation the world has ever seen. I think I know what the cause of the Zimbabwean inflation is. Do you?
I’m talking merely about your sentence structure. You have a difficulty in expressing your ideas in the English language.
moneycreation, on January 22, 2009 at 4:19 pm said:
Never ending nonsense!
Going back to my example:
All loans in a country equals L dollar in debt money (since all money in this system is money)
On the banks balance sheet (combining them to one common):
(assets side) L = L (liability side)
Let’s say L-M=K and equals the amount of debt after M dollar has been paid, but killing a debt is the same as killing the equal amount of debt so the banks total balance sheet:
(asset side) M = M (liability side)
So after one year with an interest of I percent the banks total balance sheet have to be:
(asset side) M+M*I = M+M*I (liability side)
Since the credit expansion always should expand with the same amount on both sides of the of the banks balance sheets (they are’nt balanced otherwise).
.Case 1
The banks create the M*I as a new loan (new assets to the banks) and an equal amount credit that is put nh deposit side of the banks (new liabilties to the banks). Hence new money is created in orderto service the debt and the money supply growths forcing the system to never ending expansion, bringing more and more debts slaves pawning their assets or future work .
The banks don’t create the credit to serve the Interest, (M*I part). The banks total balance sheets would then be:
(asset side) M+M*I not equals to M (liability side)
Leading to scarcity of money and an contraction.
Show how it can be otherwise mathematically and don’t resort to more mumbo jumbo.
correction, should be:
“Let’s say L-K=M and equals the amount of debt after K dollar has been paid”
Brock Moore, on January 22, 2009 at 6:11 pm said:
The banks don’t create the credit to serve the Interest.
But this is a false assumption because banks do indeed create the money to pay interest back to the banks when they spend for ordinary business expenses and pay dividends.
Haven’t you learned in your study of logic that if you start from false premises you will end with unreliable conclusions, that whatever your conclusions might be, they have not been derived through the rules of logic. The best you will have done is arrived at your conclusions from false premises.
And you’re the guy who talks about “mumbo jumbo.”
You’ve got to work into your formula the money that the banks spend into circulation, otherwise it’s meaningless and doesn’t prove anything.
The fact that I point this out to you does not mean I am in a “conspiracy” against you, my naive and paranoid little fellow.
Show it in the form of a balance sheet. where M+M*I is on the asset side after 1 year and the increasement M*I=divendends don´t show on the other side of the balance sheet as a liability . Hence the increasement in loan has given rise to the divedent=new credit. How do you balance the M*I increasement otherwise or do you suggest that Interest don’t lead to more debt hence more loans?
Playing around with words not being able to show it mathematicaly will only show that you are a troll.
Alex, on January 22, 2009 at 7:06 pm said:
I’m still trying to figure out where this extra money to pay interest Brock talks about comes from. When and where are the banks creating this money to pay interest? I don’t get that. I can possibly see how bank spending can mute or temporarily halt the debt virus, but I still don’t understand where this extra money is coming from. This money would have to be interest-free. When the Fed monetizes government debt, it basically creates near interest-free money. But that money just theoretically ends up as bank reserves. Unless reserve money is being used in the economy somehow to pay interest??? Tell me exactly where this money comes from.
John Williams, on January 22, 2009 at 7:13 pm said:
A macroeconomic accounting adjustment or a national dividend is not an accounting correction it is a macroeconomic correction figured out with accounting. To fix problems with the calender a day is added etc they do not try to change the speed of the earth. Social credit and the A+B theorem are good and the national dividend could be a solution but they are not correcting accounting they are correcting underconsumption brought about by the effects of monetary policy. The problem is that interest is not used for consumption but is instead used for investment increasing production costs while lowering money available for consumption.
This is not true since most land then was equivalent to a factory that produced farm goods. A succesful factory today would not sell for the woth of its assets if it was producing goods worth a decent percentage of those assets. The worth of the farms was worth more than the land alone it also had a productive value and this is why the loan was more. Today that is not the case and so todays property cannot be compared to the property used as collateral then. Goods may be monetized by selling them to someone else but you already said “the borrower is “selling” to the bank that he is a good risk for the loan by pledging his land as collateral”. Is this not a sale? It is a sale based on the price goods sell for using an assesment. It is a monetization of assets through a bank and without it very few houses or anything would be sold. Benjamin Franklin definitely considered it monetizing assets because he referred to it as “Coined Land”.
Whoever owned the bank would get wages out of the interest and the rest would go to government. The amount must have been decent because taxes were replaced by the revenue from interest. The lack of moderation of other states most likely involved creating more tax money than interest owed on loans or some other inability to follow the policies set forth by Franklin in his essay causing inflation. The amount of taxes saved might seem small but there has been tremendous inflation since then and on a per-capita basis there is no reason to believe a similar system today would be any different. People would gain the value of the interest through government services etc instead of it being invested into ventures that require more money for consumers to acquire.
Inflation in Zimbabwe is number 2 of 3 types of inflation I listed above it has nothing to do with anything like the “debt virus”. Not all inflation is caused by “debt virus” like problems as I said before. It is caused by an expectation that the value of money will quickly decrease causing higher velocity and demand for goods that it is believed are a store of wealth such as property gold other currencies etc or needed goods are quickly bought. Unrestrained Government monetary policy would cause this problem if money was in no way coupled to goods creating a reinforcing cycle as the devaluation becomes expected. If the Zimbabwe government could regain the trust of the people then implement and strictly follow the policies of Benjamin Franklin there would be no inflation and prosperity would increase drastically. The Government there is most likely much to corrupt to regain the trust of the people or to follow strict policies regarding money which should include complete transparency to the public.
As far as the interest earned by employees talked about above you did not understand then I wrote it again in almost exactly the same form then you understood and said I was mistaken and that loans create deposits. Then I wrote the common understanding of fractional reserve starting with Central Bank money deposit then you said that is wrong then completely drop the entire subject since it is not convenient to your understanding. I believe you are not understanding simple ideas because they are not convenient to your understanding. The sentences you quoted above are very simple.
Show it in the form of a balance sheet.
You’re the guy who wants to play around with algebraic formulation. It is incumbent on you to include the money that the banks spend into circulation in your formula, or it’s irrelevant, ipso facto, to how the real world works.
The banks creates credit. If the M*I equals the amount you say the banks spend into circulation it’s credt, something I also showed with the balance sheet.
It’s up to you to show that they balance their balance sheets in another way or point whats wrong in my description. Or are yor dividents of the balance sheet?
A macroeconomic accounting adjustment or a national dividend is not an accounting correction…
It is an accounting adjustment because accounting is reporting a falling rate of profit whereas the real rate of profit is increasing. This is sending a false message to the entrepreneur and his financier, who cut back on production in the face of falling demand. But real demand and productive capacity are increasing. It goes to waste and is scrapped. With the National Dividend and Retail Discount, because they sustain the rate of profit, more productive capacity is utilized, and consumption increases.
The problem is that interest is not used for consumption but is instead used for investment increasing production costs while lowering money available for consumption.
Why should interest income that is invested behave any differently than income from any source that is invested? Look, any income that is invested rather than spent on consumption has the potential to cause a shortage of purchasing power. Spending and investing are going on all the time. They are simultaneous components of a continuous dynamic process. But only if the rate of spending from income is falling in respect to income does this potentially cause a shortage of purchasing power in respect to prices. Your income is your income; you have the right to do with it what you want, because it is yours, even bury it in jars in your backyard, if that’s what you want. The Gesellist solution picked up by Keynes is to crack the whip and motivate you to spend your money faster. The rational solution is to accommodate your behavior through the National Dividend and the Retail Discount, so the rate of profit is sustained while you are saving or investing. This can be reversed if you begin to increase your spending from your savings or decreased investment.
The banks create credit.
Yes, they create credit when they extend loans, and also when they spend money into circulation to pay their bills and dividends. The money that they lend is debt to the banks, plus interest. The money they spend is in offset to that debt. It becomes available to pay interest back to the banks. The principal is there when they lend; the interest is there when they spend.
Hence the dividends are derived from the Interest of the loans. In other words they are credits derived from the interest on the loans. On the balance sheet the new loans due to interest is balanced with banks issuing the dividends more accurately credits. So my previous post is valid.
There is missing interest money! Where does it come from? Yes, when banks are paid interest money they can spend it back into the economy. So what? Where did the interest money come from to pay the first wave of interest if it didn’t come from someone else’s principle? If the country had a nice size trade surplus, it could extract interest money from other countries. But trade surpluses in the U.S. ended in the 60s (then the gold window was closed; gold is interest-free money and demands a trade surplus). Defaults on unsecured loans can put interest-free money into the system; that money can be used to pay interest like a game of musical chairs. Progressively lower interest rates can put money into the system that, while not interest-free, carries less interest. But that game ends at zero percent interest, which is the required interest rate for money used to pay interest in the first place. Unless there is someone somewhere putting adequate interest-free money into the system to pay interest, there is still a debt virus, albeit perhaps less extreme. Show me the interest-free money! The fact is, that missing interest money creates pressure to ever-increase the debt (money) supply. There is a constant, system-wide struggle to extract money to pay interest from other people’s principle. That causes people with pricing power to drive up prices. For people without pricing power it holds down pay, leads to more debt and leads to bankruptcies. Unless, adequate interest-free money is in the system, the system sucks and it is doomed.
Dan, on January 25, 2009 at 4:45 pm said:
Alex said: “Show me the interest-free money! ”
Ok, just about all the cash pumped into the system by the Fed this past few months has been interest-free! whether via open market transactions, or the 0% over the counter discount rate. Much of it is actually negative-interest (after adjustment for inflation), that is the Fed will owe money to the banks after they borrow.
Right, now that the system’s tapped-out, zero interest money is attempting to come in and fix the resulting mess. But the system needed interest-free money to pay interest from the beginning; that would have prevented the whole mess from ever growing into what it grew into. So, the recent stuff doesn’t count.
Bankruptcy Is Worth Considering | What Assets Are Taken In Bankruptcy, on January 30, 2009 at 2:29 am said:
[…] HOW TO RESOLVE THE CREDIT CRISIS They can’t be discharged through bankruptcy and you can’t walk away from them as from […]
AnnT, on February 7, 2009 at 7:12 am said:
Great book. I want everyone in Congress, as well as the President, to read it! I almost feel like mailing each one of them a copy.
What countries, if any, presently have “public” banks?
A big fan,
AnnT
Ellen Brown, on February 7, 2009 at 7:43 pm said:
Thanks Ann! I was just in Malaysia. Their central bank is government-owned. In fact, they had trouble believing it when I said our “Federal” Reserve isn’t federal. Malaysia managed to retain their public central banking system and to avoid the 1998 Asian crisis by standing up to the IMF and international banking pressures, but most countries in that region did not. China of course still has a publicly-owned central bank.
Jeff, on February 9, 2009 at 2:51 pm said:
I think Gold is what ensures fraud is not happening. The introduction of paper money is a ‘tickler event’ that says something is wrong.
http://vids.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=vids.individual&videoid=49851184
Shakuur, on February 15, 2009 at 3:27 am said:
First, let me say that banks are not in control! Stop for a moment and think, how do banks make money? They make money by using your money to lend and leveraging it thirty times.
Banks pay you a return far below the rate that they lend your money out at. What happens if people demand their money out of the bank. If your money is in a CD and you try to take your money out early you are charged a fee. Ask yourself, why should I be charged a fee at anytime to get my own money.
Banks know that the mass population are like sheep and don’t ask questions. The more you complain and make your voice heard by moving you money to banks that are consumer friendly, the more banks will conform to who is really in control, YOU!!!
Dean's Credit Ideas Guide, on August 12, 2009 at 12:38 am said:
Your article was a good read, but these comments have been even better…
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999. Oct. 7, panel, Americans for Democratic Action of Southern California Annual Garden Party, 2-5:30 pm, Santa Monica, CA
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988. Aug. 14, podcast interview with Sarah Westall, 9 am pst/11 am cst
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Slavery Middle Passage Remembrance Ceremony in Charleston South Carolina
Descendants of enslaved Africans brought to Charleston in the Middle Passage dance to honor their relatives lost during a remembrance ceremony along the ocean front June 10, 2017 in Sullivan's Island, South Carolina. The Middle Passage refers to the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade. An estimated 15% of the Africans died at sea and considerably more in the process of capturing and transporting. The total number of African deaths directly attributable to the Middle Passage voyage is estimated at up to two million African deaths.
Middle Passage_611105.JPG
middle passage slavery slaves ceremony remembrance African-American women descendants tradition Gullah geechee African black human rights civil rights Sullivans Island Charleston South Carolina beach coast coastal Atlantic Ocean culture cultural southern lowcountry low country travel tourism day outdoors USA North America United States dance dancing memorial horizontal
Middle Passage Ceremony
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NetCrunch 4.3 Network Monitor Optimizes Event Database Access
With AdRem NetCrunch 4.3, network administrators can easily browse larger event-log data sets generated by enterprise networks
New York, NY, Jan. 23, 2007 -- AdRem Software announced NetCrunch 4.3, the newest version of its flagship network monitoring software. The newest version of NetCrunch supports browsing larger event log data sets, combines redundant event notifications coming from different sources into one event, and optimizes access to event database.
NetCrunch is designed to ensure high-level network/systems performance and availability across major network platforms (Windows, Linux/Unix, and NetWare) and SNMP devices. For a complete list of NetCrunch features, see http://www.adremsoft.com/netcrunch/
Pricing, Licensing, and Availability
NetCrunch 4.3 is a free upgrade for all NetCrunch 4.x users. NetCrunch 4.3 ships in two versions: Premium and Premium XE. The pricing of NetCrunch Premium XE edition starts at $4,995, and the Premium at $3,395 (both editions include a one-year professional service agreement). Volume, educational, and government discounts are available. NetCrunch is licensed per monitoring workstation, entitling the user to monitor an unlimited number of network hosts. NetCrunch 4.3 is available through direct sales force at http://www.adremsoft.com/netcrunch/ or AdRem Software channel partners.
About AdRem Software
AdRem Software provides network management solutions for businesses that seek affordable ways to maximize ROI on IT infrastructures. AdRem's solutions are sold through AdRem's resellers, distributors, and system integrators. AdRem Software media releases are also available through RSS feed at http://www.adremsoft.com/news/adremsoft.xml
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eSports Betting Sites
Heroes of the Storm 2.0
Playing Guides
Best eSports Betting Sites
Best eSports Betting Sites 2018
eSports betting is still in its infancy but it continues to increase in popularity. It is now offered by the majority of online bookies and is extremely popular in Sweden, Japan, Canada, the USA and the UK and continues to grow at an alarming rate. If you strip it back down to the basics, eSports is an organised form of watching two players compete in a video game format. These competitions can vary greatly and are generally organised months and possibly even years in advance which gives plenty of notice to those who are planning to have a bet on a particular contest.
Visit Site Visit Site Visit Site Visit Site Visit Site
These events can be made up of either teams or individuals. It is ideal for gamers and gaming obsessives but sports fans who are looking for something a little different can enjoy all of the action too. Some events have been transferred to arenas whilst others regularly attract audiences of over 5 million whilst Prize pools can vary from $1,000 to an eye-watering $20,000,000. Bookmakers now offer markets on events throughout the year and are seeing increased interest in the product each year.
How to Follow eSports
There are various ways of following your favourite tournaments and players and there are dedicated online television channels and streaming services such as Twitch which show the majority of contests including the eSports Olympics.
There are numerous Youtube channels also streaming competitions throughout the year with thousands of subscribers glued to the screen each week watching the action unfold. In the USA, ESPN have also dedicated airtime to showing eSports contests.
Where to bet on eSports
Betting on eSports is growing on a daily basis!
All major bookmakers have now added eSports to their extensive selections of sports and events. It is extremely popular and sites such as Ladbrokes, Paddy Power and Betfred have all decided to capitalise on this.
There is a dedicated section to eSports with all upcoming competitions listed. Each individual match within a particular competition is listed with odds on either side to emerge victorious. Just like betting on football, basketball or cricket, one side is like to take the majority of the money and there can often be a short price odds-on favourite.
Tournaments are usually divided up and have been split into national, international and even localised variants which helps narrow down the field and saves time extensively searching for a specific competition.
Types of Bets Available
The majority of eSports contests only have the match betting market available but additional bets may become available on popular competitions or match-ups.
Match betting is simply a case of predicting which side will prevail and is a 50/50 split. Handicap betting is also available on high profile games and this is where one side is given a head start (based on points). This will often help level the contest and bettors regularly use this market to back against overwhelming favourites.
Outright winner markets are available on annual events and competitions such as the League of Legends World Championships or the eSports Olympics. This is simply predicting which team/player will emerge as the victor across the whole of the event. Unfortunately this will require waiting a little longer before collecting your winnings but will hopefully be worth the wait! Odds will shorten on your chosen team as they progress through each round.
Correct Score betting can sometimes become available for LOL contests during tournaments. If you fancy Team A to beat Team B 2:0, it is possible to wager on this with numerous bookmakers. Bigger prices are available on this market.
Finally, Totals are another way of getting involved without having to commit to selecting a winner. This is simply predicting how many maps will be played (Over/Under 2.5 for example)
eSports Betting Odds
The odds work in exactly the same way as traditional sporting odds. Prices such as 8/13 and 2/5 may be common for odds-on favourites whilst the outsiders will often be available at around 4/1.
If you bet £10 on one team to win at 8/13, you would receive £16.10 if they are successful (including the £10 stake)
Major eSporting Events
There are a number of eSports leagues and Championships which take place each and every year and the number is continually increasing. Some examples include Battle.net World Champion Series, Halo World Championships, Evolution Champion Series and Intel Extreme Masters.
Tips for Betting on eSports
eSports are constantly evolving and changing and its highly recommended to get a feel for each game before placing a bet on other players or teams. If you are familiar with the level, the difficulty and possible tactics which may be deployed, that will surely help you make an informed decision.
Study how a team works together or how a particular player performs as the favourite/outsider in any given contest. With eSports still being a relatively recent additions to sportsbooks, traders don’t have too much history to base their prices on so it’s advised to always look for teams or players who may be overpriced. A lot of the odds are formed as a result of expected popularity and how the bookmakers believe punters will bet so always bear this in mind.
Sometimes new teams can be much better than expected and it can pay to take a risk on unknown players prevailing against their more experienced counterparts. This is far more common in eSports than in football, tennis or even Ice Hockey. Although making money is a punters prerogative, it’s important to enjoy the spectacle as well. Only bet on games you understand and enjoy. If you didn’t understand the rules of a particular sport, you wouldn’t bet on it! The same applies for eSports.
Finally, odds can greatly vary between bookmakers so it’s imperative to make sure you have multiple accounts and you’re able to shop around for the best possible price before placing a bet. Don’t miss out on superior odds just because you only have a single betting account. Some bookmakers offer special sign-up bonuses for eSports players.
eSports is extremely popular and isn’t showing any signs of slowing down. It is quickly becoming one of the staple products available with online bookies who regularly price up tournaments and competitions throughout the course of the year. It takes time and dedication to succeed with eSports betting but it can extremely profitable if you can find a way to unearth value.
Two of the Most Popular eSport Games are:
League of Legends is by far and away the biggest betting event and the most watched eSports game. They have a League of Legends World Championship which takes place each October. The basic premise of the game is two players compete head to head across various different battlefields and realistic terrains. The game is fraught with danger and offers a fantasy element featuring monsters and mythical creatures as an integral part of the plot. Gold is earned from taking down various enemies and structures as players progress through the levels.
There are numerous tournaments taking place within the community each year and it doesn’t take long for new players to get set up quickly. It is regularly abbreviated to LOL eSports on many betting sites (just to avoid any confusion!) There is a Japan League and a Continental League within the game which are both extremely popular and continue to attract interest.
Dota 2 (Defence of the Ancients 2) is a competitive multiplayer game which is extremely popular with gamers and eSports bettors. Each player is a ‘hero’ who is tasked with destroying other player’s settlements (known as an ‘Ancient’) where various combative scenarios will inevitably take place. Different costumes and weapons are available as each ‘hero’ can be built up across a number of rounds.
It is notoriously tricky for new players to comprehend so many punters opt to watch the experts in action as opposed to getting involved themselves.
There are numerous teams who are renowned for their ability within this game including OG and EG who often start as favourites for each competition the play.
The game is usually played in a best of three format hence the ability to bet on handicap, totals and match winner markets. Major leagues and competitions specialising in Dota 2 include The International, DreamHack and SLTV Star Series.
Other Popular eSport Games
New games are being created all the time with some taking off and capturing the imagination of eSports players whilst others never quite catch on. Popular games include League of Legends, Dota 2, (which we have already brushed upon) (Hearthstone, World of Warcraft, StarCraft II, Halo, Streetfighter and CrossFire. The majority of games are first person shooters or involve multiplayer battle arenas but racing and sports titles have also captured the imagination of eSports players.
In 2017, Dota 2 has attracted over 120 different tournaments all of which have been available to bet on with online sportsbooks whilst League of Legends has proved the most popular betting heat hosting 100 tournaments in the space of 12 months.
The more popular the game, the more betting options offered by the bookmakers. In much the same way as betting on football works, sportsbooks will priorities those events which are likely to attract more interest.
The Kuala Lumpur Major Qualifiers and Preview
Preseason Dota 2 Player Transfers
FACEIT Major: London 2018 New Legends Stage Preview
FACEIT Major: London 2018 New Challengers Stage Predictions
Dota 2’s Newest Heroes: Grimstroke and Mars
Steve Daniels
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https://profreg.medscape.com/px/getpracticeprofile.do?method=getProfessionalProfile&urlCache=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbWVkaWNpbmUubWVkc2NhcGUuY29tL2FydGljbGUvMzAxMzM3LWNsaW5pY2Fs
Drugs & Diseases > Pulmonology
Interstitial (Nonidiopathic) Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Presentation
Author: Eleanor M Summerhill, MD, FACP, FCCP; Chief Editor: Zab Mosenifar, MD, FACP, FCCP more...
Interstitial (Nonidiopathic) Pulmonary Fibrosis
Sections Interstitial (Nonidiopathic) Pulmonary Fibrosis
Long-Term Monitoring
Pulmonary, Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Transforming Growth Factor Inhibitors
The clinical history offered by patients with a DPLD is variable and related to the underlying disease process. Many patients with DPLD, particularly IPF/UIP, may experience acute exacerbations of the disease with subsequent persistent decrement in lung function, which has become increasingly recognized.
In general, all manifest primarily with respiratory symptoms that may be erroneously attributed to aging, obesity, deconditioning, or recent respiratory tract infection. Dyspnea is the most frequent symptom, but chronic cough, wheezing, hemoptysis, and chest pain can occur. Digital clubbing is common with some diagnoses (eg, IPF and asbestosis) and may first be noted by the patient. When it develops in a patient with known interstitial lung disease, it is usually indicative of advanced fibrosis. However, it may also herald an underlying bronchogenic carcinoma.
Incidental diagnosis may be made from a chest radiograph or abnormal screening spirometry findings obtained for unrelated reasons. Diagnosis may occur as a result of screening for high-risk occupational exposure, such as asbestos. Medical attention may be sought for other manifestations of systemic illness that also affect the lungs.
Broadly, the manifestations of fibrotic lung disease can be grouped as follows:
Chronic, insidious, and slowly progressive
Subacute, with a resolving, remitting, relapsing, or progressive course
Acute, with a fulminant, progressive, remitting, or resolving course
Disorders with chronic, insidious, and slowly progressive courses are those that clinically resemble IPF and usually share a common pathology (ie, UIP). Many of the rheumatologic/connective-tissue diseases (eg, rheumatoid arthritis; calcinosis cutis, Raynaud phenomenon, esophageal motility disorder, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia (CREST) syndrome/progressive systemic scleroderma; systemic lupus erythematosus; mixed connective-tissue disease; the pneumoconioses (eg, asbestosis, silicosis); chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis; and drug-related pulmonary fibrosis (eg, due to bleomycin) generally fit into this category. Development of clinically apparent lung diseases related to occupational exposures (eg, pneumoconiosis) generally occurs many years after the exposure. Radiation fibrosis often develops months to years after radiation exposure. A lag time of months or years can occur between the use of pulmonary toxic medications and the development of fibrotic disease. The effect can be dose-dependent (eg, bleomycin), although, in other cases, the relationship is less clear. Pulmonary manifestations of rheumatologic/connective-tissue disease may develop in advance of, coincident with, or many years after the onset of articular disease. Pulmonary sarcoidosis, although sometimes acute or subacute in onset, in some cases may present insidiously over time.
Subacute presentations with a variable course are typified by COP. COP often develops weeks or months after the onset of a flulike illness. Patients can present to medical attention with dyspnea or exercise intolerance. The course is variable and may either spontaneously remit or progress. The disorder is thought to be very responsive to steroid therapy, although it may recur when steroids are withdrawn or tapered. In some cases, COP may progress to end-stage fibrotic lung disease.
Disorders with an acute onset are typified by AIP, which is an idiopathic form of severe lung injury. The histopathology is that of adult respiratory distress syndrome with diffuse alveolar damage. Patients present either with no antecedent history of lung disease or as part of an accelerated phase of underlying interstitial disease. Most patients progress rapidly to respiratory failure. Some patients may improve with steroids or other immunosuppressive therapy.
Varied etiologies make generalization of physical examination findings difficult for patients with DPLD. However, clinical examination findings noted in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are frequently noted in patients with other DPLDs.
Patients frequently are dyspneic, which may be more pronounced with activity and generally is associated with an accompanying tachypnea. Central cyanosis may be present if significant hypoxemia and arterial oxygen desaturation are present. Fine end-inspiratory pulmonary rales (Velcro rales) are a common finding and may be difficult to distinguish from those auscultated in patients with congestive heart failure. Pulmonary sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders are often an exception. Wheezes may be heard and reflect airway involvement, as in sarcoidosis. A pulmonary squawk has been described with HSP. A right-sided gallop (S3), an accentuated second heart sound (P2) with fixed or paradoxic splitting, and a right ventricular lift may be present. These indicate the presence of cor pulmonale. Digital clubbing may accompany many of these disorders, as previously discussed.
Disease-specific findings include the following:
Generalized lymphadenopathy often occurs with sarcoidosis.
Cutaneous and articular findings are associated with rheumatologic disease.
Gastrointestinal manifestations occur with inflammatory bowel disease.
Potential complications of DPLDs include the following:
Progressive respiratory failure
Bronchogenic carcinoma
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Frontal chest radiograph demonstrating bilateral reticular and nodular interstitial infiltrates with upper zone predominance.
High-resolution chest CT scan of patient with bilateral reticular and nodular interstitial infiltrates with upper zone predominance.
Eleanor M Summerhill, MD, FACP, FCCP Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Director, Internal Medicine Residency Program, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island
Eleanor M Summerhill, MD, FACP, FCCP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Thoracic Society, Rhode Island Medical Society, Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine
Daniel R Ouellette, MD, FCCP Associate Professor of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine; Medical Director, Pulmonary Medicine General Practice Unit (F2), Senior Staff and Attending Physician, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital
Daniel R Ouellette, MD, FCCP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, Society of Critical Care Medicine
Zab Mosenifar, MD, FACP, FCCP Geri and Richard Brawerman Chair in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Professor and Executive Vice Chairman, Department of Medicine, Medical Director, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine
Zab Mosenifar, MD, FACP, FCCP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Federation for Medical Research, American Thoracic Society
Stephen P Peters, MD, PhD, FACP, FAAAAI, FCCP, FCPP Thomas H Davis Chair in Pulmonary Medicine, Chief, Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Professor of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Translational Science, Associate Director, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine; Executive Director of the Respiratory Service Line, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center
Stephen P Peters, MD, PhD, FACP, FAAAAI, FCCP, FCPP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, American Association of Immunologists, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Federation for Medical Research, American Thoracic Society, Sigma Xi
Disclosure: Serve(d) as a speaker or a member of a speakers bureau for: Integrity CE, Merck<br/>Received income in an amount equal to or greater than $250 from: – Array Biopharma, AstraZeneca, Aerocrine, Airsonett AB, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Experts in Asthma, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Novartis, Ono Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, PPD Development, Quintiles, Sunovion, Saatchi & Saatichi, Targacept, TEVA, Theron.
The authors and editors of eMedicine gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous author Robert S. Crausman, MD, MMS, to the development and writing of this article.
encoded search term (Interstitial (Nonidiopathic) Pulmonary Fibrosis) and Interstitial (Nonidiopathic) Pulmonary Fibrosis
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Imaging
Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonia
Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis
Chemical Worker's Lung
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)
Possible Value of Antifibrotic Drugs in Patients With Progressive Fibrosing Non-IPF Interstitial Lung Diseases
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Future Insights
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Promising Molecules
According to Pulmonologists
Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) Clinical Practice Guidelines (2019)
Vitamin E Acetate Now Directly Linked to Vaping Injury: CDC
New Pneumonia Guidance: Testing, Treating, and Follow-up
Asthma Clinical Practice Guidelines (GINA, 2019)
Pneumothorax -- Time for New Guidelines?
Diseases & Conditions Interstitial (Nonidiopathic) Pulmonary Fibrosis
Diseases & Conditions Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)
Diseases & Conditions Chemical Worker's Lung
Diseases & Conditions Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis
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Battlestar Wiki
From Battlestar Wiki, the free, open content Battlestar Galactica encyclopedia and episode guide
This article is concerned with the Cylon process of boxing. Boxing, a sport and martial art, is featured in the episode "Unfinished Business".
If you are looking for the character of Box (a.k.a. Boxey) from the Maximum Press comics, see Boxey (alternate).
Cylon cold storage unit.
To box a Cylon is to download a particular humanoid Cylon's consciousness from his or her body into cold storage indefinitely (analogous to a computer core dump), presumably in an inert state. To a Cylon, boxing is much like true death, except that boxing is relatively easy to reverse if the Cylons who carried it out change their minds.
Boxing is carried out during the Cylon resurrection process. A small metal box on the side of the tank, the storage unit, is removed by an attending Cylon once the consciousness has been downloaded into it, and the Cylon body in the tank deactivates. The body is then moved to storage in a Resurrection Ship. The attendant may as a courtesy allow the condemned Cylon to resurrect long enough to inform him or her of the boxing before carrying it out.
A Cylon is boxed when he or she has been found dangerously unstable, such as when a humanoid Cylon's memories appear "corrupted" by extended or intense human contact, or when a sleeper agent becomes psychologically maladjusted from denying his or her Cylon nature.
When John Cavil took control of Cylon society, he killed the Final Five--Saul Tigh, Ellen Tigh, Samuel Anders, Galen Tyrol, and Tory Foster--by asphyxiation and then boxed them rather than letting them resurrect. Cavil eventually unboxed the Final Five, but when he downloaded them into new bodies, their true memories were intentionally blocked as part of his plan to teach them the error of their ways (TRS: "No Exit").
The resurrected Cylons Caprica-Six and Sharon "Boomer" Valerii are threatened with boxing by a Number Three shortly after their return. Their "Hero of the Cylon" status and extended human associations threaten the Cylon status quo because the two became individuals, their personalities diverging from their fellow models (TRS: "Downloaded").
Similarly, a Cavil infiltrates the resistance on Caprica and, as a result of observing and questioning the humans, comes to the conclusion that the extermination of humanity was a mistake. In order to contain this heresy, the Galactica copy promises to have him boxed once they are resurrected (TRS: "The Plan").
A Cavil boxes Number Three.
After an incident at the Temple of Five, in which the same Number Three who threatened to box Caprica-Six and Boomer goes against the will of the other Cylons, the decision is made to box not just her, but all Number Three models (TRS: "Rapture"). The boxing of the Threes is the first and only model-wide boxing in Cylon history ("Rapture" podcast).
All boxed Cylons are stored at the Resurrection Hub, a central facility which coordinates all resurrections. After learning of the existence of the Final Five in the human fleet, the Twos, Sixes, and Eights demanded the unboxing of the Threes in order to obtain the identities of the Five (TRS: "Six of One"), leading to the start of the Cylon Civil War (TRS: "The Ties That Bind"). The rebel Cylons and Colonials working as allies infiltrated the Hub to unbox the Three that had seen the faces of the Final Five before wiping out the Resurrection Hub, taking with it all the boxed Threes and all other boxed Cylons. (TRS: "The Hub").
Retrieved from "https://en.battlestarwiki.org/index.php?title=Boxing&oldid=215322"
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Zoo & Safari Parks 3
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Explore over 650 species and cutting-edge exhibits at ZSL London Zoo
Dine on afternoon tea with a glass of fizz at Gordon Ramsay’s chic York & Albany
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NZ firm warned of China milk risk
Filed under: Business News, Latest, Politics News — Tags: August, chemical, China, Chinese, Chinese firm, feed, firm, Fonterra, Gao Qiang, Health Minister, industrial chemical, melamine, milk, New Zealand, NZ, powder, public, Safety, Sanlu Group — expressyoureself @ 4:28 pm
Babies have been suffering kidney stones – rare in young children
A Chinese firm accused of selling milk powder that has made babies unwell was warned in August over the safety of its product, its partner and co-owner says.
New Zealand-based dairy giant Fonterra said it had urged China’s Sanlu Group to recall the tainted powder six weeks before Sanlu took adequate action.
The Fonterra farmers’ co-operative owns a 43% stake in Sanlu.
More than 400 babies in China have been taken ill after using milk contaminated with the industrial chemical, melamine.
Melamine is used to make plastics and is banned from food. Ingesting it can lead to the development of kidney stones.
At least one child has reportedly died in China as a result of using the contaminated milk, which the firm recalled from sale on Thursday.
‘Severe punishment’
In a statement released on Sunday, Fonterra said it had urged Sanlu’s board to recall the milk powder as soon as it learnt of the contamination – on 2 August.
“From the day that we were advised of the product contamination issue in August, Fonterra called for a full public recall of all affected product and we have continued to push for this all along,” the statement said.
Chinese officials have complained that they were only alerted last Monday of the dangers posed by the milk. They said Sanlu’s customers had been complaining about the milk since March.
China’s Health Minister, Gao Qiang, said on Saturday that Sanlu “should shoulder major responsibility for this”.
He said those responsible for the contamination “would be dealt with severely”. Nineteen arrests have so far been made over the scandal, Chinese authorities say.
Some of the tainted milk had been sent to Taiwan but none had been sold to other foreign markets, Mr Gao said.
Melamine has been used by Chinese suppliers of animal feed components to make them appear to have more protein.
It was linked to the formation of kidney stones and kidney failure in pets in the United States last year, leading to thousands of deaths and illnesses.
A fake milk powder scandal in 2004 killed at least 13 babies in China’s eastern province of Anhui.
Investigators found that the milk given to these babies had no nutritional value, and the resulting scandal triggered widespread investigations into food safety.
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SXSW 2019 Go Back to China! Podcast
By Chris Gore | March 9, 2019
YouTube star and actress on the rise Anna Akana (Ant-Man) has her first lead role starring in director Emily Ting’s indie feature Go Back to China. The second feature from Ting premieres at SXSW and the director recounts how she overcame obstacles from casting to contracts to shooting in China.
We love when you subscribe to the Film Threat Podcast! Hear it on your favorite podcast listening platform, here are just some of them.
See our interview with Go Back to China star Anna Akana plus more SXSW on Film Threat’s YouTube Channel.
THANKS SALSGIVER DAY
DC filmmaker Adrian Salsgiver will have a collection of his short films, including “Rainbow’s Child,” the sequel to Lloyd M. Williams’...
Featured Story Reviews
DEGENERATES INK.
If you don't like tattoos, don't like seeing someone be tattooed or hate the sound of a tattoo needle, then this film will turn you off almost immediately....
RISING INDIE FILM STAR JOE SWANBERG TAKES TO THE NET
Having gained notoriety with his first two features "Kissing on the Mouth" and "LOL," director Joe Swanberg has launched a new web based soap opera...
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FCC.report
IBFS
Applied Radar, Inc.
0035-EX-CN-2020
Documents and Communications: [refresh]
Antenna sketch and project description Images 2020-01-10
Application Form:
FCC FORM 442 - FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
APPLICATION FOR NEW OR MODIFIED RADIO STATION UNDER PART 5 OF FCC RULES - EXPERIMENTAL RADIO SERVICE (OTHER THAN BROADCAST) Approved by OMB
Applicant's Name (company): Applied Radar, Inc. File No.: 0035-EX-CN-2020
Attention: Dr. William H. Weedon
Street Address: 315 Commerce Park Rd Unit 3
City: North Kingstown
State: RI
E-Mail Address: wweedon@appliedradar.com
Application Purpose
Application is for: NEW LICENSE
For Modification indicate below
File No.: Callsign: WK2XSE
Is this authorization to be used for fulfilling the requirement of a government contract with an agency of the United States Government? If "YES", include as an exhibit a narrative statement describing the government project, agency and contract number. Yes
Foreign Government Use
Is this authorization to be used for the exclusive purpose of developing radio equipment for export to be employed by stations under the jurisdiction of a foreign government? If "YES", include the contract number and the name of the foreign government concerned as an exhibit. No
Is this authorization to be used for providing communications essential to a research project? (The radio communication is not the objective of the research project)? If "YES", include as an exhibit the following information:
A description of the nature of the research project being conducted.
A showing that the communications facilities requested are necessary for the research project involved.
A showing that existing communications facilities are inadequete.
If all the answers to Items 4, 5, 6 are "NO", include as an exhibit a narrative statement describing in detail the following items:
The complete program of research and experimentation proposed including description of equipment and theory of operation.
The specific objectives sought to be accomplished.
How the program of experimentation has a reasonable promise of contribution to the development, extension, expansion or utilization of the radio art, or is along line not already investigated.
Estimated Duration
Give an estimate of the length of time that will be required to complete the program of experimentation proposed in this application: 24 Months
Would a commission grant of this application come within Section 1.1307 of the FCC Rules, such that it may have a significant environmental impact? If "YES", include as an exhibit an Environmental Assessment as required by Section 1.1311. No
List below transmitting equipment to be installed (if experimental, so state) if additional rows are required, please submit equipment list as an exhibit :
Applied Radar, Inc. ALSTR-1 1 Yes
Station ID
Is the equipment listed in Item 10 capable of station identification pursuant to Section 5.115? No
Applicant Type
Applicant is: Corporation
Foreign Government
Is applicant a foreign government or a representative of a foreign government? No
License Denied or Revoked
Has applicant or any party to this application had any FCC station license or permit revoked or any application for permit, license or renewal denied by this Commission?
If "YES", include as an exhibit a statement giving call sign of license or permit revoked and relate circumstances. No
Will applicant be owner and operator of the station? Yes
Give the following information of person who can best handle inquiries pertaining to this application: First Name: William
Last Name: Weedon
Title: Dr. (President/CEO)
Drug Abuse Question
APPLICANT ANTI-DRUG ABUSE CERTIFICATION: By checking "YES", the individual applicant certifies that he or she is eligible for this license. This requires that he or she is not subject to a denial of federal benefits, including FCC benefits, as a result of a drug offense conviction pursuant to Section 5301 of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, 21 U.S.C. 862. A non-individual applicant, e.g., corporation. partnership or other unincorporated association, certifies that no party to the application is subject to a denial of federal benefits, pursuant to that section. For definition of a "party" for these purposes, see 47CFR 1.2002(b). Yes
THE APPLICANT CERTIFIES THAT:
Copies of the FCC Rule Parts 2 and 5 are on hand; and
Adequete financial appropriations have been made to carry on the program of experimentation which will be conducted by qualified personnel; and
All operations will be on an experimental basis in accordance with Part 5 and other applicable rules, and will be conducted in such a manner and at such a time as to preclude harmful interference to any authorized station; and
Grant of the authorization requested herein will not be construed as a finding on the part of the Commission:
that the frequencies and other technical parameters specified in the authorization are the best suited for the proposed program of experimentation, and
that the applicant will be authorized to operate on any basis other than experimental, and
that the Comission is obligated by the results of the experimental program to make provision in its rules including its table of frequency allocations for applicant's type of operation on a regularly licensed basis.
THE APPLICANT FURTHER CERTIFIES THAT:
All the statements in the application and attached exhibits are true, complete and correct to the best of the applicant's knowledge; and
The applicant is willing to finance and conduct the experimental program with full knowledge and understanding of the above limitations; and
The applicant waives any claim to the use of any particular frequency or of the electromagnetic spectrum as against the regulatory power of the USA.
Name of Applicant: Applied Radar, Inc.
Signature (Authorized person filing form): William H. Weedon
Signature Date (Authorized person filing form): 01/10/2020
Title of Person Signing Application: President/CEO
Classification: Office of applicant corporation or association
WILLFUL FALSE STATEMENTS MADE ON THIS FORM ARE PUNISHABLE BY FINE AND/OR IMPRISONMENT (U.S. CODE, TITLE 18, SECTION 1001), AND/OR REVOCATION OF ANY STATION LICENSE OR CONSTRUCTION PERMIT (U.S. CODE, TITLE 47, SECTION 312(A)(1)), AND/OR FORFEITURE (U.S. CODE, TITLE 47, SECTION 503).
NOTIFICATION TO INDIVIDUALS UNDER PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 AND THE PAPERWORK REDUCTION ACT OF 1980
Information requested through this form is authorized by the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, and specified by Section 308 therein. The information will be used by Federal Communications Commission staff to determine eligibility for issuing authorizations in the use of the frequency spectrum and to effect the provisions of regulatory responsibilities rendered by the Commission by the Act. Information requested by this form will be available to the public unless otherwise requested pursuant to 47 CFR 0.459 of the FCC Rules and Regulations. Your response is required to obtain this authorization.
Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average four (4) hours per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden to the Federal Communications Commission, Records Management Branch, Paperwork Reduction Project (3060-0065), Washington DC 20554. DO NOT send completed applications to this address. Individuals are not required to respond to this collection unless it displays a currently valid OMD control number.
THE FOREGOING NOTICE IS REQUIRED BY THE PRIVACY ACT OF 1974, P.L. 93-579, DECEMBER 31, 1974, 5 U.S.C. 552a(e)(3), AND THE PAPERWORK REDUCTION ACT OF 1980, P.L. 96-511, DECEMBER 11, 1980, 44 U.S.C. 3507.
Street (or other indication of location)
Radius of Operation
0 Valparaiso Florida North 30 28 55 West 86 31 30 Eglin Air Force Base (VPS) OKALOOSA 25.00 km
Datum: NAD 83
Is a directional antenna (other than radar) used? No
Exhibit submitted: No
(a) Width of beam in degrees at the half-power point:
(b) Orientation in horizontal plane (degrees from True North):
(c) Orientation in vertical plane (degrees from horizontal):
Will the antenna extend more than 6 meters above the ground, or if mounted on an existing building, will it extend more than 6 meters above the building, or will the proposed antenna be mounted on an existing structure other than a building? Yes
(a) Overall height above ground to tip of antenna in meters: 914.00
(b) Elevation of ground at antenna site above mean sea level in meters:
(c) Distance to nearest aircraft landing area in kilometers:
(d) List any natural formations of existing man-made structures (hills, trees, water tanks, towers, etc.) which, in the opinion of the applicant, would tend to shield the antenna from aircraft: None
Station Class
Output Power/ERP
Mean Peak
Frequency Tolerance (+/-)
Emission Designator
Modulating Signal
New 3200.00000000-3800.00000000 MHz MO 1.000000 W 16.000000 W M 0.00100000 % 600MX0N Linear FM
New 3500.00000000- MHz MO 1.000000 W 16.000000 W M 0.00100000 % 600MX0N Linear FM
0 North Kingstown Rhode Island North 41 36 12 West 71 26 20 Quonset State Airport (OQU) WASHINGTON 25.00 km
0 Aberdeen Maryland North 39 27 59 West 76 10 6 Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) HARFORD 25.00 km
© 2020 FCC.report
This site is not affiliated with or endorsed by the FCC
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Related Campaigns
Amazon, the world’s largest online retailer, is known for lightning fast shipping and selling virtually anything online. While their corporate policy ostensibly prohibits it from selling pornography, Amazon.com is promoting material that sexualizes children and normalizes the dehumanization and sexual commodification of women.
Amazon even facilitates and sells incest-themed pornographic “erotica” books with themes of stepdaughters, sexual slavery, and violence. Amazon also sells sex dolls, photography books with eroticized child nudity, pornographic magazines, and clothing items, and more.
Further, Amazon Prime inserts unnecessary, gratuitous nudity and simulated sex scenes into many of its original programmings, and provides faulty tools for blocking unwanted recommendations for sexually explicit programs.
There is no doubt that Amazon is one of the most powerful companies in the world, not only influencing global economic markets, but also greatly influencing the goods we buy, the media we consume, and businesses small and large. Many maintain that the elite “FANG,” the major four tech companies Facebook, Amazon, Netflix, and Google, are dominating the world. As for Amazon’s part in this, its net sales revenue topped $135 billion in 2016. Forty-four percent of web shoppers go directly to Amazon for product searches. As a bookstore, Amazon has an estimated 3.4 million books for sale and over twenty-five million people use Amazon Instant Video and with their creation of original content, this is growing quickly.
While Amazon’s written policies are typically against selling exploitive pornography, some policies are contradictory, unclear, and not well enforced.
As a result, Amazon has become an online marketplace rife with sexual exploitation.
Amazon’s Incest-Filled Kindle
While Amazon took strict measures to rid this popular e-book device of hardcore pornography and explicit erotica in previous years, thousands of self-published pornographic books are for sale and even included for free in the monthly subscription service KindleUnlimited.
Searches by NCOSE yielded dozens of these books included in completely unrelated categories and included themes of incest, child and teen, and rape.
If one does an innocent search of “daddy-daughter” they are confronted on multiple pages with incest-themed books—not academic accounts of the harms of parental or guardian sexual abuse of children—but fictional tales normalizing and romanticizing parental/relative sexual abuse.
Further, if you search “stepdaughter” or “stepdaughter stepdad” you will see incest-themed, and often abusive, written pornography results on the first page.
A search conducted by NCOSE of “Teen Books” yielded both e-books for a toddler, as well as pornography. Unfortunately, a 12-year-old girl did this same search.
While Amazon often has strong written policies against this kind of material, it appears that their focus is solely on growing the business, and not maintaining the values they set forth from the beginning.
Amazon’s Online Marketplace
Amazon.com sells hundreds of sex dolls, many of which are fashioned to look like young girls or potentially children. Many of these dolls are dressed in school girl and cheerleader attire to further underscore the young age the dolls are meant to depict.
Child-like sex dolls sold on Amazon as of September 2019.
Clearly, these dolls are portraying women as literal sex objects, which contributes to coarsened social respect for women or values of consent. As Dr. Maras and Dr. Shapiro note in the Journal of Internet Law, sex dolls “have the potential of altering individuals’ views and perceptions of relationships, ultimately, having them interact with humans as they would with the dolls and robots.” [1]
Amazon has a heavy hand in normalizing and promoting the use of sex dolls in America by selling them on its platform. We request that Amazon remove these items immediately.
Further, reports of hardcore pornography and sexually objectifying images showing up when innocent, unrelated searches for products are performed are increasing. Despite Amazon’s terms of service, they sell hardcore pornography magazines and films, as well as products like T-shirts and novelty items that depict nudity and blatant sexual acts. These materials can show up as recommended and sponsored related products even when users want nothing to do with this type of material. Many of these products qualify for Amazon’s Prime shipping rates.
.@Amazon, you are normalizing the sexist objectification of women until you stop selling sex dolls, many of which have child-like features! #NotMyAmazon Click To Tweet
Eroticized Child Nudity Books
Amazon.com is selling books featuring collections of Jock Sturges, Sally Mann, and David Hamilton photography.
These publications contain numerous images that many, including experts on child sexual exploitation, consider akin to child pornography, or at the minimum, content that eroticizes children.
These same publications are replete with pictures of nude prepubescent and adolescent children—many of which display their pubic areas or genitals. These are not images reminiscent of a family photo album of children at bath time but are haunting displays of provocative child nudity.
While these publications (and films) are widely available and have been in circulation for many years, such material is unfit for sale by any reputable retailer. Retailers like Amazon should strive to prevent the dissemination of material that gratifies perverse sexual interest in children, not cater to it.
Last year, Walmart.com was also selling Jock Sturges publications, but upon receiving a letter on the matter from us, took swift action and removed his books from their online store within 24 hours – you can thank Walmart for removing these publications here.
We ask that Amazon act responsibly and do the same.
Amazon Studios Original Content
Amazon’s CEO Jeff Bezos recently reported that Prime now has over 100 million subscribers. Amazon Studios has begun producing original content for Amazon Prime. These shows are readily available for anyone with an Amazon Prime account, including your children and teenagers. Additionally, many of these programs are becoming increasingly popular with critics and on social media, potentially exposing younger audiences to sexually explicit material.
Unfortunately, a sample survey of third-party reviews of Amazon Prime original content shows that 66% of it contains nudity, 82% of which is female, and 36% of the surveyed Amazon Prime original shows contain simulated sex.
In the age of #MeToo and the rising problems of male sexual entitlement to women’s bodies, producing such material is socially irresponsible.
We are calling on Amazon Studios to improve its parental controls so that they are more easily visible and accessible for parents and to consider policies to produce less sexually objectifying content.
[1]Maras, Marie-Helen & Shapiro, Lauren. (2017). Child Sex Dolls and Robots: More Than Just an Uncanny Valley. Journal of Internet Law.
WARNING: The pornographic images taken from Amazon have been blurred, but are still suggestive. There is also graphic text descriptions shown in these sections. POSSIBLE TRIGGER.
Amazon Prime TV Shows
Amazon’s status as a sales and television giant is no secret, but what is less obvious is the complacency with which it treats video content and ratings.
Amazon Prime, a service offering unlimited television streaming to members, brings these shows directly into millions of American homes every day, many of them produced by Amazon itself. Unfortunately, Amazon often produces original programming portraying gratuitous nudity, graphic sexual acts, and even graphic depictions of sexual assault. Many of Amazon’s most popular and most heavily-advertised original shows are rated TV-MA (mature audiences only) frequently containing graphic sex scenes, nudity, and violence. Amazon contributes to a culture of toxic sexual pressure in the media industry by producing content that requires actors to do nude scenes.
While streaming can often provide hours of quality family entertainment, a recent analysis by NCOSE’s team of 115 third-party reviews by Common Sense Media of TV shows exclusively owned by Amazon indicated that Amazon Studios has several problems:
Extensive Objectification and Exploitation of Women in Original Content
Though Amazon original content shows employ diverse themes, span through time and space, and explore various genres, they seem to have one common denominator—nudity. Amazon is clearly no stranger to the economic benefits of nudity in media, which they have included in 66% of their original series. That’s right, according to third-party reviews, two out of every three Amazon original series will at some point display nudity. What perhaps is most striking in this statistic is the blatant sexism that the referenced objectification follows. An astronomical 87% of cases incorporated female nudity, whereas male nudity was found in only 13%. This is a common trend in pornographic material, as objectification often disproportionately targets women.
Methods: This data represents a sample of reviews from Common Sense Media and not a detailed analysis of all Amazon content. Shows that were reported to contain both male and female nudity are represented in both the ‘male’ and ‘female’ sections. Many entries reported nudity but did not specify gender, and these entries were not included.
Ambiguous Ratings
The second observation made clear in Amazon-exclusive content was the complacent ambiguity with which Amazon treats its rating system.
Amazon patterns ratings for their shows after the TV Organization TV Parental Guides to create four rating categories—General, Family, Teen, and Mature. With the use of these categories, however, comes a crucial omission. TV Organization TV Parental Guides include content labels to warn parents of what may be included in the show. Recall the little black box in the corner of the screen of TV shows—a rating is posted, and underneath letters indicating content (for example, D for suggestive dialogue, V for violence, and S for sexual situations).
Amazon does not provide adequate content warnings. Not only this, but they provide no information whatsoever on their site regarding reasons for ratings. This means that a TV-MA series could feature anything from “crude or indecent language” to “explicit sexual activity”, but which of these actually exists on the show remains a mystery.
In other words, a parent approving a series for a teenage child will have no indication as to whether said child will be exposed to “indecent language” or a full-blown sex scene complete with extensive nudity.
The only option for parents in such a predicament would be to visit separate sites such as Common Sense Media to read reviews written by other parents; however, much of Amazon’s exclusive content cannot be found on such sites.
A sampling of Amazon Prime content that includes graphic sexual content:
When Night Is Falling originally received an NC-17 rating for its graphic sex scenes
Obsession (2015) has an unrated, sexually graphic version streaming on Amazon Prime
Bound (2015) is on Amazon Prime and often described as softcore porn by reviewers
The Handmaiden (2016) is on Amazon Prime and is unrated though the sex scenes would have required a NC-17 rating at minimum.
The Case of Unfaithful Klara (2009)
Come Undone (2010)
Extase (2009)
Child Nudity Books
Pornographic Magazines
Screenshots from December 5, 2019:
A sampling of what was for sale February 2018:
Sex dolls: Amazon is selling a wide array of sex dolls. Poses of the dolls sometimes feature scenes of bondage and captivity. Some dolls are featured in school girl uniforms or in swimsuits with Disney characters. Some are marketed with images that include pictures of the doll’s genitalia. Many of the dolls have childlike facial features, small waists and hips, but exaggerated bust sizes. Since launching our campaign some have been removed from the site but many remain.
Clearly, these dolls are portraying people (typically women) as literal sex objects, which contributes to coarsened social respect for women or values of consent. As Dr. Maras and Dr. Shapiro note in the Journal of Internet Law, sex dolls “have the potential of altering individuals’ views and perceptions of relationships, ultimately, having them interact with humans as they would with the dolls and robots.”
Screenshots, retrieved September 27, 2019
Extreme combination of child-like face and large breasts.
Amazon lets you order pieces of female sexual anatomy (“doll” vaginas here) like a butcher selling pieces of meat.
Additional screenshots, retrieved November 27, 2018
UPDATE April 13, 2018
Amazon has ceased the sale of childlike sex dolls in the UK and removed many of them from their platform in the U.S. after advocacy from leaders in the UK, US, and Australia. These screenshots include items still for sale in the US with child-like faces.
THESE SCREENSHOTS ARE FROM JANUARY 2018
Taken at the launch of NCOSE’s Annual Dirty Dozen List
Feb 1, 2018.
Incest and Porn Themed Kindle Books
While Amazon took strict measures to rid this popular e-book device of hardcore pornography and explicit erotica in previous years , thousands of self-published pornographic books are for sale and even included for free in the monthly subscription service KindleUnlimited. Searches by NCOSE yielded dozens of these books included in completely unrelated categories, and included themes of incest, child and teen, and rape. A search conducted by NCOSE of “Teen Books” yielded both e-books for toddler, as well as hardcore porn. Unfortunately, a 12-year-old girl did this same search.
As of September 27, 2019, searching “stepdaughter stepdad” on Amazon.com results in incest-themed pornographic Kindle books.
As of September 27, 2019, searching just “stepdaughter” on Amazon.com results in incest-themed pornographic Kindle books.
BBC: Girl, 12, finds porn on Amazon search for teenage books
A mother has demanded Amazon take action after her 12-year-old daughter accidently found sexually explicit material on its website.
She said her daughter had typed “free Kindle books for teenagers” into a search and results included titles like Being Bad and Bad Babysitter.
Daily Mail: Amazon sparks anger from parents after ‘search for teen books for girls yields pornographic results’
Amazon has come under fire from parents after the search term ‘teen books for girls’ was found to yield pornographic content.
Grandmother Martha Welter, from Chicago, Illinois, told NBC she first raised the issue in November, after discovering the disturbing results while browsing the website for a book to give to her 12-year-old granddaughter.
Examples of the thousands of titles available on Kindle, sold by Amazon Digital Services, LLC. Search done by NCOSE on 2/23/2016.
CBS News: Lust and elves: How ‘low-brow’ lit made e-books
(MoneyWatch) Smut has become popular fare on e-books, according to the New York Post. Amazon (AMZN), Barnes & Noble (BKS) and other online sellers “are peddling a raft of raunchy online books depicting incest, rape and bestiality” following the success of “50 Shades of Grey.”
A customer on the German version of Amazon was searching for children’s clothing when they discovered this t-shirt. They were horrified at both the objectifying nature of the shirt and, even worse, that it was modeled by/made for adolescent girls.
One mother contacted NCOSE when her teenage son showed her the dozens of graphic tees with full frontal nudity and sexually objectifying depictions of women that showed up when he was simply looking for a t-shirt.
One of NCOSE’s staff bought a back brace on Amazon and then continued to get sadomasochistic paraphernalia as “Recommendations” for items she might be interested in. Amazon has more than 8,000 BDSM Sex Toys for sale.
A concerned father alerted NCOSE to the fact that when searching with his son on Amazon for “guitar pick cases,” many cases with nudity and depicting sex acts were displayed.
One women contacted NCOSE when after perusing Amazon’s magazine selections for something she might be interested in, she found many pornography titles for sale.
Demand Amazon Remove Incest-Themed Erotica
Email Amazon Executives to Improve Amazon Studio Content and Parental Controls
Tweet About Amazon!
Click Here For Pre-Written Tweets That You Can Send to Amazon With One Click!
Email Amazon Executives To Remove Sex Dolls
Thank Walmart For Removing Exploitive Photography Books
Stay updated on these projects
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Article Disputes the “Better a Robot Than a Real Child” Argument
Sex dolls, and particularly child-like sex dolls, have become increasingly normalized in recent years as shown by movies like Lars and the Real Girl. Some people claim that these dolls are a valid alternative to real, partnered sex and, disturbingly, some even argue that child sex dolls could be helpful for pedophiles. Excerpt from ABC…
Amazon Promotes Incest, Despite Clear Research Showing the Harms of Parental Abuse on Children
By Ericka Case Child sexual abuse from a parent, a step-parent, or a parent’s live-in romantic partner is being portrayed as an acceptable “fetish” by large companies like Amazon. Thousands of incest-themed pornographic books are for sale and even included for free in the monthly subscription service Kindle, which is owned by Amazon. Searches by…
According to an investigation from The Wall Street Journal, Amazon is reportedly selling thousands of products that are mislabeled, banned, or declared unsafe by federal agencies. The National Center on Sexual Exploitation has also done an investigation into Amazon and found that the company is also selling sexually exploitive products. Amazon has shirked its responsibility to remain…
Action Alert #2: Tell Amazon to Stop Selling Sexual Exploitation
The 2nd target we are focusing on during the 2019 12 Days of Action is Amazon. For four years Amazon has held its shameful position on the Dirty Dozen List for its refusal to honor the dignity inherent to humanity. From July 23-25, we need you to help push Amazon into becoming a responsible corporate leader in…
12 Days of Action 2019: A Chance For YOUR Voice to Be Heard!
NCOSE’s annual Dirty Dozen List admonishes 12 mainstream targets who facilitate sexual exploitation. Because of your voices, this campaign has led to major changes at many targets over the years including Google, Snapchat, Comcast, Hilton Hotels, the Department of Defense, and more. It’s time now for our mid-year push to keep up the pressure on these cultural…
Amazon Promotes Incest-themed Pornographic Books to Stepdads
You promote what you permit. Unfortunately, in the case of Amazon, that includes incest-themed pornographic books. If someone makes the innocent search “stepdad daughter” on Amazon.com, the online marketplace returns highly explicit “erotica” featuring themes of incest on the first page of results. This material is often highly graphic, includes manipulation from positions of authority,…
Campaign to #FixAppRatings Highlights Danger of Grooming and Sexual Abuse on Apps
Last December, we sat down with survivors of domestic minor sex trafficking. They knew about our work at NCOSE trying to change policies that facilitate sexual exploitation and said they had something they wanted us to understand. The oldest was 15. These young girls shared their heartbreaking stories with us, all of which included the…
CBN News: ‘Dirty Dozen List’ Accuses Businesses and Nevada of Sexual Exploitation
The following article was originally published by CBN News You might be shocked at some of the famous names accused of committing or at least tolerating sexual exploitation in America. Twelve are named by the National Center on Sexual Exploitation (NCOSE) in what it calls the Dirty Dozen List. NCOSE announced the list at a…
Read More Updates
See the full Dirty Dozen List
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Solar Power as Energy Source in Agrifood Systems
(→Solar Powered Innovations for Cooling)
== Solar Powered Innovations for Cooling<br/> ==
Using the same principles of the above presented solar ice maker, creative approaches for solar cooling have been developed, allowing food preservation in regions without reliable access to electricity at affordable prices, reducing post-harvest losses and ensuring a higher food security. It also results in higher incomes and independency, and helps mitigating climate change.<br/>
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="read more">
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="Read more" data-collapsetext="Collapse”>
=== ColdHubs<br/> ===
[[File:Cold Hubs Nigeria.jpg|thumb|center|700px|Farmers bringing their produce to a ColdHub (Badelt/ColdHubs).|alt=Cold Hubs Nigeria.jpg]]
<p style="text-align: center;"><br/></p>
== DIY Solar Cooling<br/> ==
The University of Hohenheim developed an approach that allows entrepeneurs, engineers, etc. in the Global South to assemble their own solar cooling systems, adapted to the local context and needs. The vendors and manufacturers of these simple but effective systems only need to import one piece while all other material can be obtained from the domestic market - making these systems much more cost-effective than comparable refrigeration systems that are wholly imported from abroad. [[Do_It_Yourself_-_Solar_Cooling_Units|Do It Yourself - Solar Cooling Units]]<br/>
2 Technologies
2.1 Solar Powered Technologies for Irrigation
2.1.1 Solar-Powered Water Pump
2.1.2 Micro-Solar Utilities for Small-Scale Irrigation
2.2 Solar Powered Technologies for Cooling
2.2.1 The Solar Ice maker
2.2.2 The Water Chiller
2.3 Solar Powered Technologies for Drying
2.3.1 Solar Box Dryer
2.3.2 Solar Cabinet Dryer
2.3.3 Solar Tunnel Dryer
2.3.4 Solar-Biomass Hybrid Cabinet Dryer
3 Actors & Innovations
3.1 Solar Powered Innovations for Irrigation
3.1.1 Solar Powered Pumps for Improved Irrigation
3.1.2 A Hydroponic Green Farming Initiative
3.1.3 Low-Cost Pay-Per-Use Irrigation Using Solar Trolley Systems
3.1.4 Affordable, High-Performance Solar Irrigation for Smallholder Farmers
3.1.5 PV-Integrated Drip Irrigation and Fertigation Systems
3.1.6 Scaling the Distribution of Tailored Agro-Solar Irrigation Kits to Smallholder Farmers
3.1.7 Renewable Microgrids for Off-Grid Fish Hatcheries and Surrounding Communities
3.1.8 Sunflower Pump: Asset-Financed Solar Irrigation Pumps for Smallholder Farmers
3.2 Solar Powered Innovations for Cooling
3.2.1 ColdHubs
3.3 DIY Solar Cooling
3.4 Solar Powered Innovations for Drying
3.4.1 Solar Bubble Dryer
3.4.2 GrainSafeTM Dry (GSD) Development
3.5 Solar Powered Innovations for Other Agri-Food Processing Devices
3.5.1 Field Evaluation of a Passive Aeration System for Aquaculture
3.5.2 Solar Agro-Processing Power Stations
3.5.3 Solar-Powered Oil Press for Sesame Seeds
3.6 Innovative Solutions for the Adoption of Solar Powered Technologies
3.6.1 Private Sector Financed Community Solar Microgrids and Agricultural Accelerators
4.1 Case Studies of Solar Powered Technologies for Irrigation
4.1.1 Solar Powered Irrigation Systems in Egypt
4.1.2 Case Study Kenya – Ongata-Rongai
4.1.3 Photovoltaic (PV) Pumping Systems for Irrigation
4.1.4 Country Case Study Chile
4.1.5 Country Case Study India
4.1.6 Country Case Study Kenya
4.1.7 Country Case Study Morocco
4.2 Case Studies of Solar Powered Technologies for Cooling
4.2.1 SunDanzer: Solar Powered Refrigeration for Kenyan Dairy Farms
4.2.2 Reducing Milk Spoilage through Solar-Powered Chilling
4.2.3 SunChill Solar Cooling for Horticultural Preservation
4.2.4 Solar Milk Cooling with Insulated Milk Cans
4.3 Case Studies of Solar Powered Technologies for Drying
4.3.1 Modern Solar Drying in Afghanistan
4.3.2 Coffee processing with solar dryers in Peru
4.3.3 Drying oregano with solar dryers in Peru
4.3.4 Drying peaches with solar dryers in Bolivia
4.3.5 Drying chili peppers with solar dryers in Peru
4.4 Case Studies of Financing Approaches for Solar-Powered Agri-Food-Processing Systems
4.4.1 Smart Grid on Main Street: Electricity and Value-Added Processing for Agricultural Goods
5 Publications & Tools
5.1 Publications & Tools on Solar Power
5.1.1 Global Solar Atlas
5.1.2 How Access to Energy can Influence Food Losses
5.2 Publications & Tools on Solar Powered Irrigation
5.2.1 Solar Pumping for Irrigation: Improving Livelihoods and Sustainability
5.2.2 The Benefits and Risks of Solar-Powered Irrigation: An Overview
5.2.3 A Field Guide to Improve Water use Efficiency in Small-Scale Agriculture: The Case of Burkina Faso, Morocco and Uganda.
5.2.4 Solar Water Pump Outlook 2019: Global Trends and Market Opportunities
5.2.5 SPIS Toolbox
5.2.6 Solar-powered irrigation systems – Technology, Economy, Impacts
5.3 Publications & Tools for Solar Powered Cooling
5.3.1 Ice-Making as a Productive Application in Green Mini-Grid (GMG) Systems
Solar energy is the energy the earth receives from the sun, primarily as visible light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation. Solar power is among the readily available renewable energy sources on earth, but its availability and characteristics vary strongly from one region to another.
The solar power potential is highest in regions close to the equator, which overlap with many countries of the Global South. Especially in off-grid areas, the use of solar energy in agriculture, can considerably enhance livelihoods, enabling access to irrigation, cooling, drying and other agri-food processing devices. Despite the suitability of these regions for solar power and the potential to improve living standards, many barriers still hinder end users from adopting this clean energy, among others, the lack of information and access to finance. To overcome these obstacles, different approaches have been developed with the aim of mainstreaming access to solar power. Read more ...
Solar energy can be utilised for agriculture in various ways (GIZ/Böthling).
Depending on the solar resource potential and its quality, solar energy can serve different purposes, leading to a large diversity of solar technologies. They can be either passive or active, depending on how sunlight is captured, converted and distributed. Active solar technologies include solar photovoltaic and solar thermal systems; which convert sunlight into useful energy. Passive solar techniques involve designing buildings, materials and spaces in a way that allow optimizing the use of solar energy, such as orienting a building towards the sun or selecting materials with favourable thermal conductivity or insulation properties. Read more…
Solar photovoltaic energy can be used to power pumps in irrigation systems (see next section) , improving agricultural yields and saving costs for other fuels like diesel. It can also power refrigerators (see below), overcoming the problem of electricity shortages, which interrupt the cold chain, enhancing access to cooling equipment in ‘off-grid’ regions and reducing post-harvest losses. Read more…
Solar thermal energy is used in agri-food processes like drying. As opposed to sun-drying, solar drying avoids contamination of the harvest with impurities from the ground and increases energy efficiency. The latter can be enhanced by using photovoltaic energy to power artificial aeration systems .
Solar Powered Technologies for Irrigation
Among renewable energy, solar power is the most attractive option for irrigation. As prices for solar modules have fallen substantially in recent years, solar powered irrigation systems (SPIS) have become more attractive from an economic perspective.
Solar-Powered Water Pump
There are different approaches of integrating renewables in pumping systems. The solar powered water pump, running on photovoltaic energy, shows especially good results in equatorial regions, where insulation is highest all year long. It uses solar energy to pump up water from the source to an elevated storage tank. Once water is needed for irrigation, it is released gravitationally at a certain pressure dependent on the height difference from the tank to the irrigated area, which can be regulated by pipe diameter and length, and the type of emitters employed. As solar panels become cheaper, this technology is increasingly accessible to most smallholder farmers in the Global South, allowing expansion of agricultural production to originally off-grid areas, and enhancing stepwise rural electrification through mini-grid projects. Read more…
Micro-Solar Utilities for Small-Scale Irrigation
However, despite the abundance of solar resources in countries of the Global South, a lack of information and of financing options hinders especially smallholder farmers from adopting solar-powered irrigation systems. In Senegal, farmers currently use the labour-intensive method of flood irrigation with wells and buckets, or cost- and energy-intensive diesel-powered motor pumps. Nevertheless, the country has immense solar resources that can be used to provide clean energy for irrigation practices. Earth Institute’s solution allows a small group of farmers to use a central solar energy unit to power multiple AC pumps for irrigation. This approach takes advantage of the benefits of solar without the high costs associated with DC-powered pumps and battery storage. Being accessed by farmers with prepaid electricity cards, this micro solar utility allows customers to cover their appliance loans in small payments, overcoming the major obstacle that hinders farmers from the adoption of the technology, which is Financial Instruments and Financing for Sustainable Agrifood Systems. The three shared systems that were implemented until 2016 served 21 farms, which have experienced 29 percent average increase in agricultural production, and resulted in 24 tons of CO2 equivalent. The project is now seeking partnerships for scaling up, adoption and local maintenance contracts. Read more…
Solar Powered Technologies for Cooling
Cooling is a substantial step in agricultural value chains of crops grown in warm climates. These regions often lack the access to a reliable grid supply, fundamental for the cold chain, which hinders their products from accessing local and global markets in acceptable conditions. Using solar energy to power cooling technologies therefore has a high potential to increase farmers’ revenues while reducing post-harvest losses.
The Solar Ice maker
The solar ice maker uses solar energy to feed a refrigeration system where water can be frozen and used in refrigeration devices. This technology can find different kinds of uses: it can be used for milk chilling, cooling down vegetables during harvest, and much more. Examples of different value chains where solar ice making devices have been employed are listed further below under Case Studies. Read more ...
"Do-It-Yourself" Solar Ice maker assembled by the University of Hohenheim (University of Hohenheim).
The Water Chiller
Another cooling example that involves ice making is the Water Chiller. Using a renewable energy source like solar energy it can freeze water and create cold air that is blown to a storage room for commodities like vegetables.
Solar Powered Technologies for Drying
Perishable products like fruits, vegetables, tubers or even meat and fish, can be saved from spoilage by drying, using the thermal energy of the sun. Especially in countries where industrial technologies for conservation are not available, such simple solutions like solar drying bare a high potential.
Solar drying consists of accumulating the sun’s energy inside a heat collection device, leading the hot air flow through natural or forced convection to the products. Thus, it is using the thermal energy from the sun. When passing the food, the warm dry air removes moisture which is led outside through a chimney device at the other end. Depending on the requirements of the end product, solar drying can be more or less sophisticated. While traditional solar dryers use the natural convection processes of hot air, innovative approaches include a fan that runs on photovoltaic energy, moving the air inside the dryer artificially and increasing its efficiency. As opposed to conventional sun drying, solar drying usually takes place inside a closed system, protecting the commodities from outside impurities. The complexity of different types of solar dryers vary: direct, indirect, mixed or hybrid drying are the main options for different needs. Read more…
Solar Box Dryer
The solar box dryer consists of a box with a glass cover on top, inclined at an angle to allow maximum solar radiation to enter. The inner walls of the box are covered with an aluminium sheet with black coating to absorb the radiation entering through the transparent top. The products to be dried are spread on three trays made of stainless-steel wire mesh inside the box. At the lower part of the construction, a rectangular opening at the front wall allows the entrance of air, which through convection enters the box, dries the products, and leaves with the extracted moisture through a chimney made of galvanized iron sheets at the top. It has a small capacity and the drying rates are relatively slow, leading to discoloration of the products, which makes this simple technology suitable for domestic but not commercial use. Read more…
Solar Cabinet Dryer
A little bit more complex than the solar box dryer is the relatively more expensive solar cabinet dryer. It consists of two parts: a collector to heat the incoming ambient air using solar radiation and a drying chamber in which food to be dried is spread on a number of trays on different layers. Using glass wool for insulation and aluminium and galvanized iron for heat conduction, the dryer allows indirect heating, which is recommended for drying herbal products, usually sensitive to direct sunlight. In contrast to the solar box, the cabinet dryer is recommended for community use and small-scale income generating industries. Read more…
Solar Tunnel Dryer
While the above-mentioned technologies use air circulation uniquely from natural convection, the solar tunnel dryer includes a small blower running on photovoltaic energy to force air circulation through the solar collector and the drying chambers. Arranged in the form of a tunnel, dryer boxes and solar collectors capture solar energy and heat the product on the trays, while the air forced through the tunnel removes the moisture even under unfavourable conditions. These dryers are recommended for large scale drying for commercial uses. Read more…
Solar-Biomass Hybrid Cabinet Dryer
The hybrid biomass-solar version includes a biomass stove installed adjacent to the collector system of the basic solar cabinet dryer. Using a supplementary fuel as biomass can enhance the drying capacity of the simple solar cabinet dryer, allowing higher drying temperatures, recommendable for drying fish and meat products. Read more…
Actors & Innovations
Based on the technologies presented above, different innovators have developed and adapted them to local needs. Main barriers to adopt solar powered devices have been addressed, which has encouraged actors to find innovative solutions that facilitate access for all kind of end users. This section includes innovations regarding irrigation, cooling, drying and other agri-food processing technologies, and a chapter dedicated to innovative solutions for the adoption of solar-powered technologies .
Solar Powered Innovations for Irrigation
Different innovators have shown the potential of solar energy in pumping and irrigation technologies. Creative approaches span from solar hydroponic irrigation systems to low-cost pay-as-you-go models, facilitating access in regions without reliable electricity supply. The use of solar energy appeals especially to smallholder farmers in the Global South, where solar radiation is an abundant and free resource.
Solar Powered Pumps for Improved Irrigation
iDE and its partners have developed a new product category of solar powered pump for irrigation. The so-called Sunflower pump includes a highly efficient piston pump powered by an 80-watt PV panel, featuring a 40 % reduction in weight and volume while retaining its efficiency. Meant to help smallholder farmers increase their production and reduce the involved costs for labour and the use of other fuels, the technology development is however only one component of bringing the solar pump to scale. IDE has identified five key factors needed to bring a clean irrigation solution to scale, including the use of an appropriate technology, a viable business plan, an accompanying finance model, an established supply chain and marketing and educational resources. Read more…
A Hydroponic Green Farming Initiative
The Jordanian innovator ECO Consult first won the Powering Agriculture Award in 2013 for the development of an integrated hydroponic irrigation model combined with photovoltaic farming. This model not only allows the saving of energy costs but also of water resources, which are scarce in Jordan. Since 2013, the interest among farmers and households in Jordan has grown significantly with this technology promising an increase of agricultural produce and new sources of income and employment opportunities. Read more…
Low-Cost Pay-Per-Use Irrigation Using Solar Trolley Systems
In India, where water availability for irrigation depends on monsoon patterns, it is necessary to pump ground water in order to keep growing and producing, and thus generating income. Given a lack of electricity access, the most reliable energy source for pumping is diesel fuel, which has many drawbacks (environmental pollution, ever-increasing costs, among others). With the purpose of avoiding these obstacles to farmer’s economic prosperity, Claro Energy has come up with a pay-per-use irrigation service that uses a portable solar pump. Using a pre-paid card system, farmers can remotely activate affordable, convenient and on-demand pumping service with no upfront capital costs that can irrigate larger amounts of farmland during the dry season. Furthermore, the funds saved can be invested in more efficient technologies, increasing farmers’ productivity and income while decreasing GHG emissions. Read more…
Affordable, High-Performance Solar Irrigation for Smallholder Farmers
Another pay-as-you-go (PAYG) model has been adopted by the Kenyan innovator KickStart: as solar-powered irrigation technologies still remain expensive in Kenya, adopting a PAYG model allows flexible financing options, which not only make this technology affordable for poor smallholder farmers, but also increases the awareness of clean energy by mainstreaming accessibility. This turns out in a higher demand for sustainable energy, and thereby encourages financing institutions to invest in this kind of technologies, enabling the transition from rain-fed subsistence farming to year-round commercial agriculture. Transforming food and income security of smallholder farmers and broader rural communities, the PAYG model helps people lift themselves out of poverty and allows expand smallholders’ role in water management. Read more…
PV-Integrated Drip Irrigation and Fertigation Systems
As water resources are scarce in the MENA region, the inefficient use of irrigation water and fertilizers for crop production have large impacts on soil health. In order to ensure a sustainable use of water and soil, the Italian NGO Institute for University Cooperation (ICU) has supported the promotion of a solar-powered drip fertigation system in Jordan and Lebanon. This has allowed farmers to cultivate larger areas as more water is available for irrigation, and to safeguard soils from salinization, since fertilizer application becomes more efficient, which also saves the farmers money and thereby increases their income. The result has encouraged local partners onsite to invest in this promising innovation. Read more…
Scaling the Distribution of Tailored Agro-Solar Irrigation Kits to Smallholder Farmers
Only 6 percent of African arable land is under irrigation, while climate makes the majority of the continent unsuitable for rainfed cultivation. This leads to low crop yields and a generalized disconnection from the agriculture value chain. However, the few farmers who irrigate rely on expensive diesel pumps or carry the water by hand. This has led the innovator SunCulture to recognize the potential of solar-powered irrigation, and to develop the AgroSolar Irrigation Kit (ASIK), for cheaper and easier access to solar-powered irrigation. SunCulture has started training technicians, agronomists and hopes to expand the distribution partnerships across the entire continent. Read more…
Renewable Microgrids for Off-Grid Fish Hatcheries and Surrounding Communities
In Bangladesh, off-grid fish hatcheries rely extensively on diesel and kerosene to provide electricity for water pumping and lighting. Both energy sources are costly, pollute the environment and threaten the food chain and human health. The International Development Enterprises iDE have developed a business model attractive for investors to promote a clean energy solution: the implementation of solar and hybrid solar/wind micro-grids. This innovation does not only increase and enhance the productivity of the hatcheries but also provides domestic energy access, increasing the hours of lighting and allowing the use of fans and refrigerators. Read more…
Sunflower Pump: Asset-Financed Solar Irrigation Pumps for Smallholder Farmers
The PAEGC innovator Futurepump developed the SunFlower Pump, which is an easy-to-maintain solar irrigation pump, built around a simple piston pump arrangement. In collaboration with Kenya’s Equity Bank, which has made the product available to customers through consumer financing, Futurepump has established a loan system making the Sunflower Pump become cheaper and easier to access by Kenyan smallholder farmers, allowing an increase of nearly 50 % of agricultural production by irrigating their fields. Read more…
As irrigation practices in Senegal are often labour- or cost-intensive, the Earth Institute at Columbia University, partnering with the MDG Center West and Central Africa (WCA) has developed a central solar energy unit to power multiple alternate current (AC) pumps for irrigation. The proposed solution takes advantage of the benefits of solar without the high costs associated with direct current (DC) powered pumps and battery storage. Using prepaid electricity cards, small farmers can easily afford this PAYG irrigation service, resulting in higher revenues from lower costs and higher production rates. Read more…
Solar Powered Innovations for Cooling
Using the same principles of the above presented solar ice maker, creative approaches for solar cooling have been developed, allowing food preservation in regions without reliable access to electricity at affordable prices, reducing post-harvest losses and ensuring a higher food security. It also results in higher incomes and independency, and helps mitigating climate change.
ColdHubs
ColdHubs are large walk-in storage rooms for fresh vegetables which include a refrigeration system that runs on solar power. Developed by ILK Dresden and the Smallholder Foundation, this innovation can save huge amounts of perishable food (storage capacity of up to 2 tons) and works off-grid, being especially suitable for rural areas, where large amounts of food need to be stored before joining the market. Read more…
Farmers bringing their produce to a ColdHub (Badelt/ColdHubs).
DIY Solar Cooling
The University of Hohenheim developed an approach that allows entrepeneurs, engineers, etc. in the Global South to assemble their own solar cooling systems, adapted to the local context and needs. The vendors and manufacturers of these simple but effective systems only need to import one piece while all other material can be obtained from the domestic market - making these systems much more cost-effective than comparable refrigeration systems that are wholly imported from abroad. Do It Yourself - Solar Cooling Units
Solar Powered Innovations for Drying
Actors and innovators have adapted the above-mentioned drying technologies to the specific needs of different value chains. Using solar photovoltaic power can enhance energy efficiency and provide access to the poorest in rural areas without electricity. The use of this type of energy means lower costs for food conservation processing, leading to less post-harvest losses and higher incomes through value-adding processes.
Solar Bubble Dryer
This innovation allows safe and efficient drying conditions using solar energy: the solar bubble dryer, designed by the University of Hohenheim (Germany) and the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The technology consists of a 15 to 26 metres long plastic tube where the rice is laid out. The transparent upper side of the tube allows the sun’s rays to penetrate, building up heat inside and drying the product. The heat is distributed uniformly by solar-powered fans that make the air flow, removing the moisture. For optimized drying, the rice is turned regularly using a rolling bar. Being currently optimized energetically and trialled in different countries, the bubble dryer can cost between € 1,200 and € 3,400. Read more ...
GrainSafeTM Dry (GSD) Development
In collaboration with the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and the University of Hohenheim, GrainPro, Inc. have designed the GrainSafeTM Dry (GSD). The GSD combines in-store drying with hermetic grain storage. In-store drying aims to control the relative humidity of the drying air, so that all grain layers in the deep bed reach equilibrium moisture content. This is possible as a blower that runs on solar power, pushes warm air at the bottom of the device into the grain bulk until the desired humidity level is reached. In hermetic storage the grains are enclosed in an airtight container made from material with very low oxygen permeability, protecting the grains from insects and water reabsorption. Combining the in-store dryer with the hermetic storage properties allows drying and storing food in a protected environment. Including a drying controller allows increasing energy efficiency adapting the blower speed to the relative humidity. With a capacity of 1 to 5 tons of rice, and anticipated system costs of $ 1,100, the GSD still needs to be tested and optimized before a commercial prototype can be developed. Read more…
Solar Powered Innovations for Other Agri-Food Processing Devices
The highly significant effects on income generation and poverty reduction when providing mechanical energy for food processing displays the great potential of sustainable energy systems in rural areas. The following innovations show how the adoption of renewable energy in different processing steps for food production allows substituting traditional energy sources and reducing costs while increasing efficiency. The large variety of approaches reach from aquaculture aeration systems to solar oil presses, having different kinds of effects on local society and economy.
Field Evaluation of a Passive Aeration System for Aquaculture
Aquaculture accounts for a significant percentage of the GDP of many low-income countries. By artificial aeration, the level of dissolved oxygen in the deeper water layers of the fish farm’s ponds can be increased, leading to higher fish yields and enhanced food security. However, using a conventional electrical pump for artificial aeration can become very costly. The University of Toronto and its partners have introduced a passive aeration system that only uses solar thermal energy. The technology is applied at the bottom of the pond, mixing the water and resulting in higher levels of oxygenation, an improved water quality and higher yields. Since using solar thermal energy, the system proves much more affordable than traditional ones. Read more…
Solar Agro-Processing Power Stations
The Village Infrastructure Angels (VIA) started the mission of making poverty-alleviating infrastructure affordable to everyone in 2012. As energy plays a key role in agricultural production, especially in processes like milling, introducing solar mills in rural areas through microfinancing programs has increased income and saved manual labour. VIA have deployed different types of solar mills to different countries of the Global South, improving the livelihoods of farmers, especially women, who are often involved in manual processing. Read more…
Solar-Powered Oil Press for Sesame Seeds
This solar-powered oil press allows off-grid oil extraction of sesame seed. Being a counter-seasonal crop that requires little fertilizer or pesticide inputs, sesame grows under harsh weather conditions and can promise higher income when processed appropriately. Designed by the University of Hohenheim, the solar-powered oil press for sesame seed includes a solar panel connected to a control unit which calculates the optimal operational setting dependent on seed moisture content and the current weather conditions, increasing its energetic efficiency. Although the price of the solar-powered unit reaches between € 8,000 and € 13,000, sesame, as a cash crop, allows a payback period of 4 months when the mill is run during the harvest season. Additionally, as a by-product of the oil extraction, the seed cake can be sold as animal fodder. Read more ...
Sesame Oil Press Technology (University of Hohenheim)
Innovative Solutions for the Adoption of Solar Powered Technologies
Adopting solar powered technologies in countries with low incomes can be complicated. The main barriers include the lack of financial resources or access to financing options and the missing information necessary to dare the transition to sustainable energy. Innovative approaches have been developed in order to overcome these obstacles and allow easier implementation of solar power in agri-food systems.
Private Sector Financed Community Solar Microgrids and Agricultural Accelerators
Small-scale producers from low-income agricultural communities are among the most vulnerable actors in agricultural value-chains in Guatemala. Suitable technologies, including irrigation and cooling facilities are readily available, but the lack of affordable energy or financing options to invest in clean energy are among the constraints that prevent producers from accessing them. The Universidad del Valle Guatemala (UVG), a non-for-profit secular university has partnered with Development Ventures and Greenergyze, S.A. to develop an innovative approach which aims creating access to low-cost utility companies for ‘off-grid’ agricultural communities. The so-called Community Accelerator consists of a localized photovoltaic (PV) mini-grid that will be operated by a local for-profit service provider company that also provides agribusiness service. This “utility in a box” approach is designed so that private sector financing can be used to fund the Accelerators, making this clean energy solution scalable without additional donor funding. Read more…
This section shows how the technologies and innovations presented above have been piloted in different environments of the Global South. Providing innovators and experts with valuable feedback and experience from local end users, these case studies also show how solar innovations can lead to increasing yields and revenues .
Case Studies of Solar Powered Technologies for Irrigation
SPIS have been adapted to all kinds of geophysical patterns, allowing agricultural practices where crop cultivation had never been successful before. The following case studies show how arid areas with access to groundwater or other water sources can benefit from SPIS making food production more effective and contributing to food security.
Solar Powered Irrigation Systems in Egypt
Egypt’s agricultural sector employs 54 percent of the country’s population. Yet, the traditionally used areas for crop cultivation close to the Nile are being replaced for living, outsourcing agriculture to the remote areas in the arid desert. Due to the geophysical conditions of the region, constant irrigation is required to keep food growing. However, as electrification for water pumping is too expensive, diesel prices are rising, and require transportation to the cultivated areas, solar water pumps are the only way to go. The initiative RaSeed (called into life by the German development programme “Agricultural Water Productivity as Adaptation to Climate Change”) aims to promote the use of PV systems, targeting farm specific optimization of drip irrigation systems (as soils are very sandy), providing high quality solar energy technology and training in Egypt. Given that most farms in Egypt are in remote desert areas, polycrystalline cells have a better cost-efficiency ratio. However, as this system does not provide a backup power source, three different and more advanced solar pump systems were made available: 1) combining solar energy with batteries for excess energy storage (battery based system ), 2) a combination of solar and diesel power (solar fuel saver system ) or 3) a variable speed drive that connects and regulates PV panels and the diesel generator. The latter is the most cost efficient and most adequate for the Egyptian agricultural sector. Read more…
Case Study Kenya – Ongata-Rongai
In some remote areas in Kenya, grid connection is not reliable enough to run irrigation systems without a back-up generator. This has led the Centre of Alternative Technologies (CAT) in Kenya to pilot a highly efficient hydroponic irrigation system running on solar power (for more information, see Tools & Technologies). Integrated with a reverse-osmosis mechanism for nutrient supply, a tracking system is used for constant feed, saving up to 50 percent of the electricity costs. The system is especially interesting for intensive farming where landholding is limited and soils have a low quality. However, capital and operational costs are high, and due to unreliable grid power supply, production losses are also at risk, as the tracking system is essential for continuous water flow. Furthermore, PV panels need to be protected against theft, and under the local conditions, lettuce is the only suitable crop. Read more…
Photovoltaic (PV) Pumping Systems for Irrigation
Despite being a technically mature technology, photovoltaic pumping systems lack widespread expansion due to the initial investment costs, especially for small-scale farmers, and the technical know-how required for installation and maintenance. However, once these problems are solved, PVP irrigation can improve agricultural production and increase employment and revenues. This article showcases the efforts made in different regions in order to help establish PVP irrigation. Read more…
Country Case Study Chile
In the 1980s, the electricity sector in Chile has gone through a process of privatisation and liberalisation. However, small and medium-size farmers have been subsidised, also when using solar water pumps, including up to 90% of investment costs. This has led farmers to form unrealistic expectations about obtaining systems at below-market rates., preventing a market-oriented dissemination of SPIS as subsidies continue. Within the scope of the existing subsidy scheme, about 1,500 solar irrigation pumps have been installed. But the standardised and limited system kits supported by Chilean government subsidies only seldom meet the exact requirements of the target farms, leading to complaints from the farmers, as their solar pump delivers too little water. They also miss the instant high pressure and water flow they are used to from grid supplied electric and diesel engine driven pumps.
Country Case Study India
Grants and subsidies for SPIS technology promotion and demonstration are provided by the Indian government and international donors. 50,000 solar powered pumping systems were installed in 2015. The government uses a combination of subsidy, credit and technical support to promote PV irrigation. An important conclusion is that technical and agronomic assistance should preferably be offered to farmers from one source (one institution) to also facilitate the introduction of PV-powered drip irrigation systems and improved irrigation techniques. In recent years, the Indian private sector started offering SPIS components, and now all main components are produced locally, creating employment in a new sector. Some manufacturers also provide farmers with turn-key solutions, which definitely contributed to better overall system efficiency and performance of the technology. Irrigation water is free of charge and water quality is good. However, groundwater level is constantly falling, which may lead to environmental problems in the near future.
Country Case Study Kenya
Within the Rural Electrification Master Plan (REMP) remote public buildings are equipped with solar PV systems. However, solar-powered irrigation receives no specific support so far. Recently, first private companies started developing the Kenyan market and installed a few hundred SPIS. The main purpose of solar water pumps in rural areas is to secure drinking and livestock water supply. These systems are often sponsored by international donors. In order to bridge grid power failures and to reduce their monthly electricity bill, a number of flower farms and tea plantations have been willing to invest in solar solutions. Although the advantages are evident, the purchase decisions in Kenya still is taken in favour of competing conventional energy systems, as the perception persists that PV is too expensive. The Kenyan company SunCulture offers the cost-effective AgroSolar Irrigation Kit, combining solar pumping technology with a highly efficient drip irrigation system that makes it cheaper and easier to start farming.
Country Case Study Morocco
The International Finance Corporation (IFC) conducted a market assessment in Morocco and identified a solar pump market poised for rapid growth in the medium term. The leading manufacturer Lorentz is leading the local SPIS market and sells about 2,000 pump/controller units per year. The Moroccan SPIS market is mainly driven by small to medium-size private farmers who produce cash crops for the local market and for export. The use of efficient irrigation systems is supported by the government through a subsidisation programme (Plan Maroc Vert). SPIS, however, are only promoted by tax incentives. Although the electrification rate of Morocco is above 95 %, most farmers want to reduce their electricity bill and go for solar power, as grid electricity for irrigation is already more expensive, leading to disconnect their electric pumps and driving the Moroccan solar pump market.
Case Studies of Solar Powered Technologies for Cooling
An increasing number of cooling technologies based on renewable energies are being used in different steps of the agricultural value chain, enhancing the economic situation of smallholder farmers in the Global South. The following case studies provide an insight to the diversity of solutions, and the benefits obtained from implementing climate-smart cooling technologies in rural environments.
SunDanzer: Solar Powered Refrigeration for Kenyan Dairy Farms
In Kenya, 85 percent of the dairy farms do not have access to refrigerated storage and transportation due to limited electrification in rural areas, leading to dramatic losses from milk spoilage. SunDanzer together with Winrock International have developed an affordable small-scale portable cooling system: the photovoltaic refrigerator (PVR) runs on solar energy and uses phase-change materials – substances capable of storing and releasing large amounts of energy – and therefore needs no battery. Additionally, the innovators have developed milk can blankets to retain the temperature during transportation. 60 solar-powered milk cooling refrigerators have been installed so far in Kenya, 2 in Rwanda. Users of SunDanzer’s refrigerators have stated that the technology has delivered many benefits, including increased financial security for households, increased food preservation, and saved time, added to household income. Read more…
Reducing Milk Spoilage through Solar-Powered Chilling
10 billion USD worth perishable food is wasted annually in India because of unreliable cold-chain supply networks. Especially in farming areas and villages, the lack of reliable electricity to run refrigeration systems is the main problem. India being the largest consumer and producer of milk in the world, Promethean Power Systems together with Hatsun Agro and Orb Energy have developed a solar milk cooling system that uses an innovative thermal energy battery pack. Charging on intermittent power sources such as solar power and/or a few hours of grid electricity, it allows changing the local food waste situation considerably. Read more…
SunChill Solar Cooling for Horticultural Preservation
An innovation designed by Rebound Technologies (United States) aims to reduce post-harvest losses and enhance food consumption quality. The first versions of the SunChill cooling system have been tested in Mozambique and after being validated, a commercialization and expansion to the market is planned. The solar off-grid refrigeration system allows to immediately cool down food during harvest and provides continued product cooling at markets or central processing facilities. SunChillTM transforms 50 °C solar thermal energy into 10 °C refrigeration, doubling shelf life and creating access to nutritional fruits and vegetables. Also, manufacturing and service-based employment, leading to additional income, is expected to increase. By the end of the project, Promethean sold over 600 units, enabling 25,000 dairy farmers to chill their milk without diesel generators to get their milk to the market safely. Read more…
Solar Milk Cooling with Insulated Milk Cans
Milk produced on small- to medium-scale farms is usually transported to milk collection facilities. The spoilage caused by bacterial growth during transportation due to warm temperatures leads to milk being refused by vendors. Furthermore, many farmers do not sell their evening milk to the collection centres, as it cannot be stored adequately overnight. Instead, they sell the milk to neighbours or use it themselves. This can increase the on-farm losses and reduce income. The solar milk cooling system developed by the University of Hohenheim (Germany) uses solar energy for ice production. The produced ice is used to cool the milk by putting it into an ice-compartment of an insulated milk can. This system allows lower temperatures during transportation and overnight storage, increasing the farms production and income. On-field implementations have taken place mostly in Tunisia (10 installed systems), Kenya (4 installed systems), and Colombia (also 4 installed systems). Read more…
Case Studies of Solar Powered Technologies for Drying
Adapting the solar dryer to meet the specific needs of every agricultural value chain, has allowed the implementation of this technology in many parts of the world under very different operational conditions. The here presented case studies are only a fraction of the possibilities of the solar dryer and showcase how the innovative drying approaches could increase product quality and thereby farmers’ incomes. With examples from different value chains from across the globe, this technology reveals a high adaptability and a great potential for livelihood improvement.
Modern Solar Drying in Afghanistan
Food drying is a very common way of preserving edibles in Afghanistan. However, the traditional drying practices, which consist of placing the food on flat grounds such as rooftops, are vulnerable against dust, dirt and insects. Therefore, the Modern Solar Drying project, in collaboration with the Afghan Bedmoschk Solar Center e.V. have adapted the Hohenheim Solar Tunnel Dryer to smaller versions, that enables farmers to test and evaluate the technology in a non-expensive way. Despite the positive outcomes of the technology, the higher end prices of the dried products will require a marketing campaign, in order to reach wealthier end-consumers and provide higher revenues to the farmers. Read more…
Coffee processing with solar dryers in Peru
Energising Development Peru promotes solar dryers among smallholder coffee farmers for the first drying period, where the humidity of the beans is reduced to around 25 percent. The dryer filters UV radiation and reduces the relative humidity of the air with constant and natural ventilation. As coffee can only be stored and exported at a lower level of humidity, a second drying phase is required to get the beans down to 12 percent humidity. For this, a second solar dryer is employed which has a capacity of 2 tonnes of coffee and is managed by farmers’ associations. The implementation of this solar dryer also provided by EnDev has increased farmers’ incomes by up to 30 percent per year. Read more…
Drying oregano with solar dryers in Peru
In Peru, in Candarave, oregano has been dried traditionally for many years. However, the residents have tried to improve their improvised driers without success. After adapting the coffee dryer (see above) to the needs of the product in order to keep its characteristic green colour despite the drying process (adjustment of level of solar radiation, degree of hydration, positioning and air flow), the quality of the product has increased notably, meeting export standards and reaching a larger market. This showcases the broad versatility EnDev’s solar dryer has, allowing its use for many different product types, reaching from fruits as pineapples and bananas to vegetables and tubers as potatoes. Read more…
Drying peaches with solar dryers in Bolivia
Especially countries with a high variety of agricultural products can profit from the adaptability of the solar dryer. Another implementation example of EnDev’s solar dryer can be found in rural Bolivia, a country with a high geographical diversity, where one third of the population relies on agriculture for their main livelihood. EnDev supports two kinds of dryers: one is completely delivered by the manufacturer and costs USD 150, the other much simpler version can be constructed by the farmer using local materials such as wood and bamboo, which also encourages the technical understanding and keeps maintenance costs low. The association AFRUCH dries fruits to make them more durable. Peaches, for example, are dried for conservation and preparation of the traditional soft drink “mocochinchi”, which consists of dried peaches boiled with cinnamon and clove. After the acquisition of the solar dryer, the association could increase their income by 60 percent over the last three years. Read more…
Drying chili peppers with solar dryers in Peru
An example of how solar dryers can be adapted to the producers’ needs could be found in Inclán, Peru, where the development of the dryer took place as a participatory process. Involving the farmers, who provided the necessary information about the product requirements, and the technical provider, which offered assistance and helped to modify the technology, the solar dryer for chili drying was developed. The main advantages were the reduced contamination of the product, which normally is dried on the ground, guaranteeing a uniform product quality, and saving enormous amounts of time. This allowed the product to enter a quality certification process and to become part of other food value chains, where the purity and adequate management of the product were required. Allowing the product to reach a higher position in the markets, the solar dryer helped generating a higher economic benefit for the Peruvian farmers of Inclán. Read more…
Case Studies of Financing Approaches for Solar-Powered Agri-Food-Processing Systems
Providing technical guidance and access to financing is a pivotal step in order to successfully implement solar-powered agri-food processing technologies. Here is one example of how agribusinesses can experience an income boost by getting access to solar electricity to power their processing systems:
Smart Grid on Main Street: Electricity and Value-Added Processing for Agricultural Goods
Most of Haiti’s population lack access to electricity and farmers often lose value of their crops due to missing infrastructure and processing equipment. The existing processing facilities are typically diesel-powered and expensive to operate, limiting farmers’ options to maximize the value of their products by processing agricultural goods. EarthSpark, a U.S.-based, non-profit organization with the mission of bringing energy access to Haiti’s unelectrified population, has developed a solar-diesel hybrid micro-grid system that will increase access to affordable, reliable electricity for value adding agricultural processing. Providing technical guidance and facilitating access to financing for local partners, EarthSPark assists agribusinesses in upgrading to efficient electric mills so the processing of breadfruit crops can be modernized. Using a pre-paid smart metering system, the project will also provide access to electricity to surrounding residents and boost agribusiness incomes. By the end of March 2017, EarthSpark had expanded the microgrid from a pilot stage with 54 connections to a town-sized, solar-powered smart grid providing power to residents and commercial clients through a total of 452 connections. Read more…
This section offers a collection of current publications and tools, which can serve as further reading about solar powered technologies in agricultural value chains. They include handbooks, reports, guides and toolboxes for visualizing the first steps before implementation.
Publications & Tools on Solar Power
Global Solar Atlas
Understanding solar resource is crucial for the development of solar energy applications. The World Bank Group have provided the Global Solar Atlas in addition to a series of global, regional and country GIS data layers and poster maps, to support the scale-up of solar power in our client countries. This work is funded by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), and is part of the initiative on Renewable Energy Resource and provides long-term averages of solar resource (global, diffuse and direct normal), the principal climate phenomena that determines solar power generation. In this Global Solar Atlas, the most reliable sources of data currently available are used to generate the solar resource estimates provided, with the objective of supporting policy development and the initial decisions along the journey of developing of solar power project. Read more…
How Access to Energy can Influence Food Losses
The FAO Report “How Access to Energy can Influence Food Losses” highlights the crucial interlinkages between access to energy and food losses in developing countries. It identifies the main stages of the food value chain where increasing access to energy can play a dominant role in reducing food losses directly, by making food processing possible, as well as indirectly by acting as the main enabling factor affecting the rate at which cooling technologies are adopted. It outlines low cost and off-grid post-harvest technologies such as cooling and solar drying that can be made available in developing countries. Most importantly, it assesses the technical and economic feasibility since access to capital can be a significant barrier hindering its implementation in the Global South. Read more...
Publications & Tools on Solar Powered Irrigation
Solar-powered pumps were first developed in the late 1970s. However, only recently the declining prices of solar panels have allowed the extensive use of this increasingly affordable clean energy solution. The benefits for regions that lack access to electricity have been proven, leading to analyses for further expansion and up-scaling measures that enable a better and sustainable livelihood.
Solar Pumping for Irrigation: Improving Livelihoods and Sustainability
Stimulating socio-economic development in agriculture can help the fight against poverty. By adopting solar-based solutions, cost-effective and environmentally sustainable energy for irrigation in areas without access to electricity can lead to an improvement of livelihoods. Key drivers behind the adoption of solar pumping technologies are a broad flexibility when it comes to designing the SPIS; taking into account target groups and the long term sustainability of markets when considering financial instruments to support solar pumping; focusing on after sales support and capacity building; assessing the direct and indirect impacts on water resources; package energy and water-efficient solutions in water-stressed areas; monitoring performance and gathering data; considering the influence of availability and cost of energy on the choice of crops grown; and the adoption of integrated approaches to programme design. The main opportunities offered by solar-powered irrigation systems for farmers are the supply of energy and improved access to water for irrigation, improved yields and increased incomes, reduction of manual work and improved expenditure of time, enhanced crop resilience and food security, more income generating opportunities by complementing staple foods with high-value crops, among others. But also governments can profit by implementing SPIS through the reduction in electricity and fuel use, subsidy savings, reduced fuel imports, creation of small businesses/employment across the value chain, improved reliability of power systems, increased agricultural economic output, and emissions reductions. Read more…
The Benefits and Risks of Solar-Powered Irrigation: An Overview
In 2015, the FAO and GIZ hosted an exploratory workshop to identify the benefits and risks of SPIS in developing countries. Representatives from regions around the globe shared their experiences and knowledge, covering a broad band of climate zones, farming systems and water usages. The results can be found in the report ‘The Benefits and Risks of Solar-Powered Irrigation: An Overview’, where the advantages of SPIS, but also the challenges of implementing this clean energy solution are collected from past experiences, allowing projections for the future. Read more…
A Field Guide to Improve Water use Efficiency in Small-Scale Agriculture: The Case of Burkina Faso, Morocco and Uganda.
The Land and Water Division of FAO (CBL) and Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM IAM) have developed practical measures to improve water use efficiency in small-scale agriculture based on case studies from Burkina Faso, Morocco and Uganda. However, the presented combination of water use efficiency measures should remain flexible since farm conditions are commonly rather unique than universal. The Report focuses on the following areas of improvement:
• Inspection of the hydraulic structures owned and/or operated.
• Operation and maintenance of the irrigation systems and the hydraulic structures.
• Irrigation water monitoring and quantification of the available water resources.
• Adjustment of irrigation schedule to the assessed water requirement.
Water use efficiency measures have direct impact on yield and on-farm economics through improved productivity, thus, generated income. In addition, quality of output increases as well as more efficient time management. In Africa, the irrigation potential is massively unexploited as only 5.8 percent of the cultivated lands are irrigated. The irrigation systems mostly rely on surface water, and only 19.2 percent of the lands are irrigated by groundwater. The Field Guide is addressed to agriculture practitioners and researchers. It provides a step-by-step approach in its´strive to reach optimal irrigation practices. Read more...
Solar Water Pump Outlook 2019: Global Trends and Market Opportunities
This report offers insights on the solar water pump market in six countries in sub-Saharan Africa- Côte d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Uganda- as well as India. It identifies key trends and barriers shaping the market across the areas of technology, customer demand, emerging business models and policy. Additionally, it provides recommendations on how to accelerate growth. The focus is on solar pumps designed for small-scale use. Advances in solar technology brings down costs and makes solar water pumps more accessible to small-scale farmers. Although solar currently offer lower lifetime costs, upfront costs are still higher than diesel. This aligned with limited awareness regarding subsidies and other financing opportunities, is one of the reasons why the market remains vastly unpenetrated. Coordination amongst stakeholders and between different value chain actors is seen as crucial, as well as creating a favourable policy environment and expanding research. Read more...
Many factors determine the type of irrigation method and respective pumping system that suits an agricultural production system best. There are many possible ways of irrigating, which have certain advantages and disadvantages for each use in agriculture. The Toolbox on Solar Powered Irrigation Systems (SPIS) can help determining which method suits best which agricultural system. It includes tools for calculation of the crop water requirements, for irrigation scheduling, but also helps setting up the SPIS, making a financing plan and determining the payback time when investing, including even a maintenance guide based on useful checklists for a longer product lifetime. Once the system requirements are determined, the appropriate technologies can be incorporated and help increasing agricultural yields.
Solar-powered irrigation systems – Technology, Economy, Impacts
Although solar powered irrigation systems (SPIS) have been for long on the market, it is only now, as prices of solar panels are decreasing, that the number of users that can afford incorporating photovoltaic technologies in their agricultural equipment increases. However, most farmers in emerging economies do not know about these newly accessible technologies or simply do not dare the step towards innovative systems, as upfront investment costs seem too high to them. To overcome this knowledge gap which acts as barrier, the here presented report summarizes the main characteristics of different irrigation technologies and of SPIS, introducing the user to different ways of designing such a system, and offering an overview of the management requirements and about financial viability. The tools available in the SPIS Toolbox allow calculating beforehand the suitability of any irrigation system, and are the practical implementation of the informative chapters of the report. Read more…
Publications & Tools for Solar Powered Cooling
The refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC) sector is expected to account for 13 percent of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030. With an increasing importance of the sector in the Global South, and the impact caused by the use of conventional climate damaging refrigerants, research and development of low-cost climate-friendly solutions is pivotal. The RAC sector can provide different climate-smart cooling technologies affordable for costumers in the Global South and improve living standards considerably without polluting.
Ice-Making as a Productive Application in Green Mini-Grid (GMG) Systems
Productive Use (PU) activities, which refer to the utilisation of electricity for income and employment generation, can catalyse rural development and sustainable economic growth. The increasing demand for energy and the increasing household income can accelerate the success of green mini-grid (GMG) projects. The presented guide is designed to help practitioners assess whether ice-making for food preservation (in this case, fish) is an appropriate and financially viable application and provides guidance on how to operationalize ice-making PU. It is organized as a series of tools that help establish a set of best practices for off-grid electrification initiatives. The tools include: a feasibility checklist, a business model guidance, technical considerations and requirements for appropriate mini-grid sizing, a detailed financial model assessing various scenarios, and a guide on monitoring and evaluation. Read more…
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LC & CSO
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Darkush: A festival for pomegranates
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0AREK_0VoZE
Enab Baladi
مهرجان الرمان يعود إلى دركوش مع فعاليات جديدة ورسالة "صمود"
The local council of Darkush town in the western countryside of Idlib held the town’s second pomegranate festival on 11 October 2019. The festival hosted events and new competitions, celebrating the town and its crops.
The organizers and participants of this year’s festival shared their message of resilience with the world, amid the prevailing difficult security conditions in the region. The Syrian regime with its Russian ally has been conducting a military campaign on these areas for six months, leading to the displacement of more than one million persons.
Pomegranates and Darkush
The town of Darkush, on the Orontes River, is famous for cultivating pomegranate trees. According to Obaida Dandoush, a first time visitor, many of the visitors of the festival had never known the town before.
Dandoush told Enab Baladi, that locals introduced visitors to their customs and the town’s traditional cuisine. They also introduced them to the types of pomegranate fruit which varies widely in color and taste.
Some pomegranates taste sweet, sour, or sour-sweet while the colors of pomegranate fruits range from yellow-green to dark red. “If the pomegranate has light pink, yellow or green skin, then the seeds are sour. The seeds are sweets if the pomegranate has dark red outer skin,” according to Dandoush.
The festival also gave awards to farmers according to the quality of their produce in each pomegranate type . The first category, the al-Asfori pomegranate prize went to the farmer Nidal Jazzah. Jazzah expressed his happiness and pleasure when receiving the trophy and the medal, noting that this prize is ‘meaningful, great and very precious.’
Jazzah added that these awards aside from their symbolic value, encourage farmers to make the best possible crops and products.
Difficulties and resilience
Jazzah told Enab Baladi that the farmers took part in the festival to show “the difficulties they face in finding a market to sell their crops and products as well as the higher costs of production that do not match the selling price.” Jazzah added that he wished the festival’s events would contribute to improving the agricultural conditions of the town.
Saber Umrani, a member of the organizing committee, added that the festival was held to send a “message to the world that, despite the ongoing bombardment, destruction, killing and displacement, we are a living people that is opposed to this regime and its Russian and Iranian allies. We are rooted in our land.”
Debuting at this year’s festival was a food fair, a Darkush handicraft exhibition as well a boat race and exhibition, according to Umrani.
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Top 10 Movie Chases
Nothing gets your heart pumping in a cinema like a good chase
Brian Lloyd
Any good action movie has to have one of three things - an explosion, a one-liner and a chase. Be it on foot, in a car or a motorbike, chases are an integral part of any good action movie.
Sure, it may not necessarily drive the plot forward, but they're necessary for keeping the pace of a film.
Here are the ten best movie chases.
10. RONIN - The Paris Chase
It may be punctuated by Natasha McElhone's god-awful Irish accent and Robert DeNiro looking non-plussed but the chase sequence in Paris in 'Ronin' is one of the finest examples of editing and pacing. Not only that, they're not sports cars - they're ordinary hatchbacks being driven to the absolute limit. It's a crappy BMW E34 and a Peugeot - not a Ferrarri or a Dodge Charger.
9. HOT FUZZ - The Supermarket Chase
Edgar Wright's known for making clever use of what's in front of him, as well as nods to his influences. 'Hot Fuzz' was replete with references to Asian action flicks like 'Hard Boiled' and more mainstream films like 'Point Break'. In fact, the foot chase in 'Point Break' (which features further down on this list) was the main inspiration for this. Just replace Keanu Reeves with Simon Pegg and LA with an English hamlet.
8. INCEPTION - The Mombasa Chase
'Inception' may be more known for its complex plotting and mind-bending visuals, but this chase sequence through Mombasa is downright impressive. Using no special effects other than editing, music and a steadicam, Christopher Nolan produced a pulse-pounding chase. That van bump made us jump in the cinema.
7. BACK TO THE FUTURE - The Skateboard Chase
Sure, there was a chase at the start with the DeLorean that (spoiler) ended with Doc Brown getting wasted, but this sequence with Biff and the manure was the best chase in 'Back to the Future'. Also, McFly invented the skateboard and nobody picked up on it. Why is that?
6. MINORITY REPORT - The Jetpack / Tom Cruise Chase
Nobody has a run like Tom Cruise. The arms flailing, the eyes wide as he sprints full-steam through scenery. We're convinced he's got it written into his contract that he has to run at least once in a film. This, however, from 'Minority Report' is our favourite. Jet-packs cooking burgers!
5. THE BOURNE IDENTITY - The Mini / Police Bike Chase
'The Bourne Identity' may stick in your mind as having some fantastic fight sequences, however its mid-point chase through the streets of Paris is particularly good. Using a Mini - as an obvious homage to 'The Italian Job' - to blast over staircases and down back alleyways is different, but it works. Also, that piece of music is Paul Oakenfold.
4. THE FRENCH CONNECTION - The Train / Car Chase
Trivia time! Director William Friedkin didn't get any streets blocked off when he filmed this infamous scene. Not only that, he cut the scene to Santana's 'Black Magic Woman'. If you watch the scene with 'Black Magic Woman' playing, you'll see that the cuts of the scene match in time with the beats of the song.
3. ET - The Bicycle Chase
It might have been just a few kids on BMX bikes, but the pacing of this chase was just as good as any of the entries on the list. Not only that, the soundtrack is now iconic. How many chases end with actual flying?!
2. TERMINATOR 2: JUDGEMENT DAY - The Motorcycle / Truck Chase
Get down. BOOM! And so begins one of the finest chases in film history. Yes, you can clearly the stunt-people - but that doesn't matter. It's still one of the best chases and action sequences of the last thirty years.
1. POINT BREAK - The Bank Robbery Chase
As mentioned, the chase sequence in 'Point Break' has influenced countless directors. Its pacing, its use of music and smart editing makes it the finest foot chase on film.
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Fivethousand Fingers is an art, direction, and design studio
A music video for Rococode
Art Direction and Video
Banks is a synth-laden pop track from Vancouver’s indie group Rococode. Having worked with the band to create accompanying artwork to many of their previous releases, they approached us again to create the official music video for their latest single. Our first project of this scale in the medium of film, we wrote, directed and produced Banks in Montréal with the help from a very talented crew including John Londono, Zain Burgess and Mathieu Marano.
We approached this project photographically, more intent on capturing fragments of people and places rather than crafting a linear narrative. Watch the video below.
Related: Album artwork for indy-pop darlings Rococode
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"There is no sworde to bee feared more than the Learned pen"
Eye On Citrus
G B and U
Posts Tagged ‘Democratic’
Democratic, Democrats, John Boehner, Minimum wage, Nancy Pelosi, Republicans, United States, Wage
This is perhaps the biggest difference between Democrats and Republicans
In daily kos, EYEONCITRUS.COM, This is perhaps the biggest difference between Democrats and Republicans on kp33 at 311207
When Democrats took control of Congress after the 2006 elections, one of the first laws they passed was a three-step increase in the federal minimum wage from $5.15 an hour to $7.25 an hour. Before then, under Republican control of the House of Representatives, the minimum wage had been frozen for a decade.Last week, a group of more than 100 House Democrats introduced legislation that would once again increase the federal minimum wage in three steps from $7.25 to $9.80. Further, the Democratic bill ties the minimum wage to inflation, so low-income workers will no longer see their purchasing power decline every time Republicans have a majority in the House.This bill would improve the take home pay of 28 million low-income Americans, and help stimulate the economy for everyone else. There are few, if any, other laws that could so quickly make a positive difference in the lives of so many low-income Americans. However, it has no chance of passing into law as long as John Boehner and the tea party are in charge.
This is one of the clearest reasons why we need Democrats to control the House of Representatives, and for Nancy Pelosi to become Speaker Pelosi once more. To accomplish that goal, at Daily Kos, we are working to elect nine strong progressives who are running in districts Democrats must win in order to retake the majority.
Please, help increase wages for 28 million low-income Americans by chipping in $1 for each of the nine progressive Democrats listed on the Speaker Pelosi Project page on Act Blue.
Keep fighting,
Laura Clawson
Labor Editor, Daily Kos
Alan Grayson, corporate honchos happier than paying no taxes is making sure as few people vote as possible, Democratic, majority of voters want the Dems, MAKE SURE NO ONE WE KNOW STAYS HOME TODAY, Michael Moore, prediction is the Republicans will win because Dem voters are going to stay home, Stop the return of the bigger criminal class
Today Is the Day …from Michael Moore LETTER
In EYEONCITRUS.COM, get out Democratic Voters, Michael Moore, prediction is the Republicans will win because Dem voters are going to stay home, Stop the return of the bigger criminal class, TODAY Is the Day on kp03 at 301002
Today Is the Day …from Michael Moore
Tuesday, November 2nd, 2010
This letter contains (almost) no criticisms of how the Democrats have brought this day of reckoning upon themselves. That — and where to go from here — will be the subject of tomorrow’s letter.
Today, we have one job and one job only: Stop the return of the bigger criminal class, the Party of War, the people who (with a few Democratic enablers) manufactured the very mess we are in.
There is good news this morning: The final ABC/Washington Post poll shows that, among registered voters, people still say they prefer the Democrats over the Republicans by 5 percentage points. It’s only when the pollsters ask “likely voters” who they want that the Republicans come out ahead by a few points.
So it’s clear the majority of voters want the Dems, but the prediction is the Republicans will win because Dem voters are going to stay home.
So, our mission is simple: MAKE SURE NO ONE WE KNOW STAYS HOME TODAY. Here’s what I am going to do right now and what I’m asking the millions of you reading this to join me in doing:
1. Email, call and/or text every non-Republican in your personal address book and remind them to vote Democratic today. If they (rightfully) complain that the Dems have been disappointing, tell them they’re right, then ask them to watch this editorial
by Rachel Maddow last night where she correctly lists the dozen or so things this Democratic congress did right — the types of things we’ll never see from the Republicans if they take over (equal pay for women act, taking student loans out of the greedy hands of the banks, funding for our first bullet trains, boosting veterans benefits after Bush refused to for 8 years, etc.).
2. Post a general reminder to vote (and who to vote for) on your facebook page and tweet it to your Twitter followers.
3. If you have the time, go down to a local candidate’s HQ or the local Democratic Party office and offer to make calls or give people rides to the polls.
4. Think local. No matter where you are in America, there’s someone on the ballot today in your town who deserves your vote. Guaranteed. If you’re in Wisconsin and you’re pissed at Harry Reid for letting Joe Lieberman derail the public option on health care, don’t let that stop you from getting everyone you know to go vote for Russ Feingold. In Florida and furious at the way the Obama administration coddled Wall Street? All the more reason to call every single person you know in the Orlando area to go vote for Alan Grayson. In California and mad about the total Democratic failure on global warming? You can still change the world for the better by showing up with all your friends to vote for Prop 19 to legalize personal use of marijuana (and stop the record numbers of people we put in prison who don’t belong there).
5. Explain to anyone who’s given up and doesn’t want to vote today that Obama was handed a terrible mess that he didn’t create. He may now understand he’s moved too slow and compromised too much on the big stuff that needed to get done (after all, Goldman Sachs was his #1 private contributor in the 2008 election). But in the last couple months he’s made some good moves — booting some generals, dumping economic advisor/wrecker Larry Summers, and hiring new people like consumer advocate Elizabeth Warren. Things are very bad right now. But they can get MUCH worse. War with Iran? A genuine worldwide Second Great Depression? A Republican Congress will spend every second trying to make it happen.
6. Finally, we must let the Democratic politicians know that our vote comes with one big condition: If they do not straighten up, get a spine and do what we expect of them, we will find alternate candidates to run against them in 2012. And we mean it. Go vote today
, but also sign this petition that I’ll deliver to every elected Democrat — the “I’m Voting Democratic But I Will Work to Defeat You Next Time if You Don’t Do Your Job” petition, aka “The Democrats on Probation” petition. Let’s publicly put them on notice that we’ll give them just two more years to start doing the things we elected them to do. If they move one more inch to the “center” or to the right, they will never get our vote again. And we mean business.
Bill Maher said, “We have a center-right party and a crazy party. Over the last 30 years, the Democrats have moved to the right, and the Republicans have moved into a mental hospital.” That about sums it up. But he also said, “Sure, I’m mad at the Democrats. I’m also mad at my cell phone company. But I don’t throw away my cell phone cause I’m mad and then rub dog shit on my teeth.” We all know this isn’t the best situation to be in. So consider this one last reason to get out and vote:
There are good people the country has never heard of who are running today all across America, most of them for the first time. Somewhere in this great land right now, the woman who will cast the deciding vote in the Senate for single payer in 2016 is running for mayor of your city in her first big race. Somewhere else, the person who will become the first female president of the United States in 2020 is running for the state house for the first time. Their careers will be over and that future will never be if you don’t show up today. Go to theballot.org
, find out who’s great and running where you live, and then show up to vote for them. You may help light the spark that will save our sorry ass somewhere down the road. Don’t just hold your nose today as you go in the booth — go ignite a future revolution. The only thing that makes the corporate honchos happier than paying no taxes is making sure as few people vote as possible. They think they’ve bought this election.
Go prove them wrong.
111th Congress, 111th United States Congress, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, civil rights movement, Democratic, Do-nothing Congress? Not by a long shot, Republican, United States, United States Senate
Do-nothing Congress? Not by a long shot
In Do-nothing Congress? Not by a long shot on kp46 at 311020
WASHINGTON – The public panned it. Republicans obstructed it. Many Democrats fled from it. Even so, the session of Congress now drawing to a close was the most productive in nearly half a century.
Not since the explosive years of the civil rights movement and the hard-fought debut of government-supported health care for the elderly and poor have so many big things – love them or hate them – been done so quickly.
Gridlock? It may feel that way. But that’s not the story of the 111th Congress – not the story that history will remember.
Democrats are dearly hoping history won’t repeat itself. In 1966, after Democrats created Medicare and Medicaid and passed civil rights laws, they got hammered in the election, losing 48 seats in the House and four in the Senate. They maintained their majorities in both at the time, but an identical result next month would turn the House over to Republicans.
Read more: http://www.philly.com/inquirer/world_us/105235958.html?cmpid=15585797#ixzz12u62lAGW
Watch sports videos you won’t find anywhere else
Ann McLane Kuster, Carol Shea-Porter, Democratic, Ed Potosnak, Paul Hodes, Progressive Change Campaign Committee, Scott McAdams, Social Security
A major announcement
In EYEONCITRUS.COM, MEDICARE IN DANGER FROM TEA PARTY GOP, SOCIAL SECURITY IN DANGER on kp34 at 311019
Dear Eye On Citrus
Rand Paul, the Tea Party leader running against me for Senate in Kentucky, thinks Social Security is unconstitutional. Other Republicans across the nation are also campaigning on privatization and Social Security cuts.
With a Tea Party deep on the fringe, the way for Democrats to win in 2010 is to have a spine — and go on offense.
That’s why today, I am proud to announce with my friends at the Progressive Change Campaign Committee that over 200 congressional candidates and members of Congress are promising to oppose any cuts to Social Security.
We’re saying no privatization, no raising the retirement age, no messing with the best program for seniors and workers in American history — and no mincing words about it.
Can you show your support for Democrats who stand on principle and go “on offense” by signing a statement of support for today’s big move by 200 candidates? Click here.
We’ll make sure the political insiders and the media take notice of where the grassroots want Democratic leaders to be.
The PCCC has done a great job working with me and other Democratic candidates to go on offense on Social Security — and I’ve been taking the Social Security fight directly to Rand Paul in debates, speeches, and media events.
The 200 others include:
Senate candidates Scott McAdams (AK), Roxanne Conlin (IA), Lee Fisher (OH), Alexi Giannoulias (IL), Kendrick Meek (FL), Paul Hodes (NH), Elaine Marshall (NC), and others
House candidates Ann McLane Kuster (NH), Joe Garcia (FL), Bill Hedrick (CA), Rob Miller (SC), Julia Lassa (WI), Manan Trivedi (PA), Ed Potosnak (NJ), Michael Oliverio (WV), and others
Members of Congress Raul Grijalva (AZ), Mary Jo Kilroy (OH), Alan Grayson (FL), Michael Acuri (NY), Carol Shea-Porter (NH), Ed Potosnak (NJ), Bill Owens (NY), John Boccieri (OH), and others
The full list is at SocialSecurityProtectors.com
As Rachel Maddow would say, “This is what it looks like when Democrats go on offense.”
Can you support Democrats who stand on principle and go “on offense” by signing a statement of support for today’s big move by 200 candidates? Click here.
Then, please pass this email to your friends who want bold Democrats. Thanks for being a bold progressive.
Jack Conway
Barbara Boxer, Bernie Sanders, Democratic, Karl Rove, Patty Murray, Republican, Russ Feingold, White House
Letter to the Editor: Frustrated Bernie Sanders
In EYEONCITRUS.COM on kp22 at 311008
I’m an independent. So why am I writing on behalf of Democrats? Because we’re only 28 days out, and polls show close races in at least 15 states. The GOP only needs to win 10 to take the majority. And their candidates are the most reactionary I’ve ever seen.
Yes, it’s easy to get frustrated at the pace of progress in Washington, and I share the concerns of many progressives that the Democrats have not been as bold and aggressive as they should be. But, if those of us who want to move our nation forward don’t act immediately, winnable races will be lost.
There’s not a moment to waste. Click here to make an immediate donation of $5 or more to the DSCC. It’s less than a month until the midterm elections, and if the DSCC fails to raise $989,309 by midnight Saturday, races that should be won might slip away. Every seat matters when Senate control hangs in the balance.
If Democrats lose the Senate, everything we believe in – health care for all, full employment, transforming our energy system, preserving social security, a fair and progressive tax structure – will be set back. Nothing can justify sitting by and letting that happen.
Look, I’ve had my differences with Democrats in the past, but we set them aside to work together to move our country forward. That won’t happen if Democrats lose the Senate. The obstruction we’re seeing today will look like child’s play. The Republican agenda – such as it is – is to stop at nothing to destroy President Obama and win back the White House in 2012.
They’re getting powerful help. GOP-aligned groups including Karl Rove‘s American Crossroads plan to spend $400 million – a record-breaking amount – to elect Republicans. These shady groups funded by oil billionaires and secret donors are relentlessly attacking Democrats. Candidates who stand up to corporate influence risk their voices being drowned out.
In these last 28 days, it all comes down to funding for the education, outreach and extensive grassroots mobilization we need to win and to defend my Democratic friends like Barbara Boxer, Russ Feingold and Patty Murray. It’s what the DSCC does best, but it can’t do it without your help.
Click here to make an immediate donation of $5 or more to the DSCC. It’s 28 days until the midterm elections, and the DSCC must raise $989,309 by midnight Saturday to keep pace with the Republicans.
Republicans are counting on us to sit on our hands, but this is no time to opt out. It’s time to seize the moment, win in November and move this country forward. Thank you for your help.
Democratic, GOP, government, Republican, REPUBLICANS blocked bill to promote jobs in UNITED STATES, Senate, Senate GOP blocks bill that would promote less outsourcing, Tax, The Washington Post, United States, United States Senate
Senate GOP blocks bill that would promote less outsourcing
In Senate GOP blocks bill that would promote less outsourcing on kp56 at 301028
By Lori Montgomery
Tuesday, September 28, 2010; 12:34 PM
Senate Republicans on Tuesday blocked a Democratic plan to encourage companies to bring jobs back from overseas, as a united GOP caucus voted against a motion to debate the measure on the Senate floor.
The motion failed 53 to 45.
The legislation would have raised taxes on corporations that shift operations overseas, costing U.S. jobs. It also would have awarded companies that bring jobs back from abroad by offering a two-year hiatus from payroll taxes for those positions.
rest of the story click here
Anti-outsourcing bill fails Senate test vote (marketwatch.com)
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Latest Florida news, sports, business and entertainment at 1:20 a.m. EST - WALB kp00
Latest Florida news, sports, business and entertainment at 1:20 a.m. EST WALB
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سول کریپکی
۱۳ نوامبر ۱۹۴۰ (۷۹ سال)
Bay Shore, New York
فلسفه معاصر
فلسفه غربی
مکتب
فلسفه تحلیلی
مهمترین علایق
منطق (به ویژه منطق موجهات)
فلسفه زبان
نظریه مجموعهها
معرفتشناسی
فلسفه ذهن
ایدههای اصلی
Kripke–Platek set theory
Causal theory of reference
ویتگنشتاین و قواعد و زبان خصوصی
Admissible ordinal
Kripke structure
نشانگر صلب
A posteriori necessity
Kripke semantics
دانشگاه پرینستون دانشگاه شهری نیویورک
متأثر از
دیوید هیوم • گوتلوب فرگه • هسکل کاری • Lewis • برتراند راسل • آلفرد تارسکی • لودویگ ویتگنشتاین • مایکل دامت • ویلارد کواین • آلن تورینگ
اثرگذار بر
Burgess • پل بوقوسیان • تایلر برج • دیوید چالمرز • Devitt • Evans • Field • دیوید کاپلان (فیلسوف) • هیلاری پاتنم • Salmon • Shoemaker • Soames • Weinstein • Yablo
دانشگاه هاروارد (BA, 1962)
Rolf Schock Prizes in Logic and Philosophy (2001)
سول آرون کریپکی (به انگلیسی: Saul Aaron Kripke)، فیلسوف و منطقدانِ آمریکایی و متولدِ ۱۳ نوامبرِ ۱۹۴۰ میباشد. از سالِ ۱۹۶۰ که نخستین مقالههایاش را منتشر کرد تا به امروز، تأثیرِ بسیار ژرفی در منطقِ ریاضی، فلسفهٔ زبان، فلسفه ریاضی، متافیزیک، معرفتشناسی و نظریهٔ مجموعهها داشتهاست. بخشِ عمدهای از اثرهایِ او، یا هیچگاه منتشر نشدهاند، یا به صورتِ نوارهایِ سخنرانی و نسخههایِ دستنویس، به صورتِ خصوصی و محدود منتشر شدهاند. کریپکی در سالِ ۲۰۰۱، برندهٔ جایزهٔ شوک پرایز در فلسفه و منطق شد و در نظرسنجیای که به تازگی بینِ فیلسوفان انجام شدهاست، به عنوانِ یکی از ۱۰ فیلسوفِ برتر دو سدهٔ گذشته انتخاب شدهاست.[۱]
کریپکی زمانی که هنوز نوجوان بود، کمکهایِ تأثیرگذار و در عینِ حال ابتکاریای در منطق و به خصوص منطقِ موجهات، داشت. در حالیکه برایِ یک فیلسوفِ حرفهای، بسیار غیرعادی به نظر میرسد، تنها مدرکِ او، مدرکِ کارشناسیِ ریاضی از دانشگاهِ هاروارد است. کارهایِ تأثیر عمیقی بر فلسفهٔ تحلیلی داشتهاست و یکی از مهمترینِ آنها، ارائهٔ معناشناسیای برایِ منطقِ موجهات است که این معناشناسی، شاملِ معرفیِ جهانهایِ ممکن، در چارچوبِ سیستمی است که اکنون با نامِ معناشناسی کریپکی شناخته میشود. یکی دیگر از سهمهایِ مهمِ او، استدلالی بود که نشان میداد، ضرورت، یک مفهومِ 'متافیزیکی' است و بنابراین باید آن را، از مفهومِ 'معرفتشناختیِ' پیشینی جدا کرد و بنابراین، میتوان حقیقتهایِ 'ضروری پسینی' داشت، مثلاً گزارهٔ "آب، همان H۲O است. او همچنین، در کتاب ویتگنشتاین و قواعد و زبان خصوصی، تفسیرِ معروفی از نوشتههایِ ویتگنشتاین ارائه میدهد که به کریپکنشتاین معروف است. معروفترین اثرِ او نامگذاری و ضرورت نام دارد.[۲]
جوایز و افتخارات[ویرایش]
برخی از جوایزی که سول کریپکی دریافت کرده عبارت است از:[۳][۴]
بورس فولبرایت (۱۹۶۲)
جایزه انجمن دانشگاه هاروارد (۱۹۶۳)
دکترای افتخاری دانشگاه نبراسکا (۱۹۷۷)
جایزه شاک در منطق (۲۰۰۱)
جایزه آکادمی سلطنتی سوئد (۲۰۰۱)
↑ برایان لیتر، وبلاگِ Leiter Reports: A Philosophy Blog، مقالهٔ So who *is* the most important philosopher of the past 200 years?
↑ مشارکتکنندگان ویکیپدیا. «Saul Kripke». در دانشنامهٔ ویکیپدیای انگلیسی، بازبینیشده در ۷ آوریل ۲۰۱۲.
↑ دانشنامه بریتانیکا، بازدید ۱۳۹۶
↑ سایت دانشگاه استانفورد، بازدید ۱۳۹۶
مجموعهای از گفتاوردهای مربوط به سول کریپکی در ویکیگفتاورد موجود است.
فیلسوفان
رابرت مریهو آدامز
ویلیام آلستون
جان لانگشاو آستین
آلفرد جی آیر
الیزابت انسکوم
دیوید مالت آمسترانگ
رابرت آئودی
رابرت برندم
سی. دی. براد
تایلر برج
جان پی. برگس
رودلف کارناپ
رودریک چیشولم
پاتریشا چرچلند
پاول چرچلند
دیوید چالمرز
دونالد دیویدسن
دنیل دنت
فرد درتسکه
مایکل دامت
بس ون فراسن
گوتلوب فرگه
جری فودر
فیلیپا فوت
پیتر گیچ
ای. سی. گریلینگ
پل گرایس
آلوین گولدمن
پیتر هکر
ار. ام. هیر
گیلبرت هارمن
جان هوترون
ایان هکینگ
کارل گوستاو همپل
یاکو هینتیکا
پیتر ون اینواگن
فرانک کامرون جکسن
کریستین کورسگارد
دیوید لوئیس (فیلسوف)
جی. ال. مکی
نورمن ملکلم
جان مکداول
جرج ادوارد مور
تامس نیگل
رابرت نوزیک
درک پارفیت
دوی زفانیا فیلیپس
الوین پلانتینگا
ای. ان. پرایر
هیلاری پاتنم
ویلارد کواین
جان رالز
هانس رایشنباخ
گیلبرت رایل
جان سرل
موریتس شلیک
ویلفرید سلارز
پیتر سینگر
پیتر استراسن
ریچارد سوئینبرن
پیتر اونگر
برنارد ویلیامز
تیموتی ویلیامسون
جان ویزدم
لودویگ ویتگنشتاین
استفن یابلو
استفان ویکسترا
نظریهها
انقباض گرایی
نظریه مرجع مستقیم
تجربهگرایی
کلنگری
اتیمسم اتمیسم منطقی
اثباتگرایی منطقی
طبیعتگرایی (فلسفه)
معرفتشناسی طبیعیشده
نو کارکردگرایی
وحدت گرایی طبیعی
ویژه گرایی
تقلیلگرایی
علمگرایی
شکگرایی
تصدیق گرایی
گزاره تحلیلی-گزاره ترکیبی
شرطی خلاف واقع
تصریح
توصیف معین
شهود
معنا
منطق موجهات
لازم و کافی
پارادوکس تحلیل
جهان ممکن
موازنه بازتابی
دادههای حسی
معنا و مصداق
فرارویدادگی
آزمایش فکری
مقالههای مرتبط
واقع گرایی استرالیایی
فلسفه زبان طبیعی
منطق فلسفی
فلسفه علم
فلسفه پساتحلیلی
رده:فلسفه تحلیلی
رده:مقالههای خرد فلسفه
BNF: cb119101083 (دادهها)
SNAC: w6h20cpp
DBLP: 80/3448
فیلسوفان متافیزیک
پارمنیدس
موسی بن میمون
کاپیلا
فلوطین
فارابی
ابن سینا
ملاصدرا
دانس اسکوتوس
توماس آکویناس
فرانسیسکو سوارز
نیکولا مالبرانش
رنه دکارت
جان لاک
دیوید هیوم
توماس رید
ایمانوئل کانت
آیزاک نیوتن
آرتور شوپنهاور
باروخ اسپینوزا
گئورگ ویلهلم فریدریش هگل
جرج بارکلی
گوتفرید لایبنیتس
آنری برگسون
فریدریش نیچه
چارلز سندرز پرس
جوزف مارخال
مارتین هایدگر
آلفرد نورث وایتهد
دروتی امت
ژان-پل سارتر
پیتر استراوسن
ر. ج. کالینگوود
آدولف اشتور
نظریههای متافیزیک
نظریه کنش (فلسفه)
ضد واقعگرایی
جبرگرایی
دوگانه انگاری دکارتی
وضعگرایی
ذاتباوری
اگزیستانسیالیسم
اختیار
ایدئالیسم هندی
ایدئالیسم
لیبرترینیسم (متافیزیک)
مادهباوری
معنی زندگی
یگانهانگاری
هیچانگاری
پدیدارگرایی
واقعگرایی فلسفی
فیزیکالیسم
متافیزیک کیفیت پیرسینگ
ایدئال گرایی افلاطونی
نسبیگرایی اخلاقی
سامخیا
واقع گرایی علمی
خودتنهاانگاری
ذهنیتگرایی
نظریه ماده
نظریه نوعها
مفهومها در متافیزیک
انتزاعی و انضمامی
روح جهانی
مقوله وجود
علیت
میاندیشم پس هستم
مفهوم
شناخت متجسم
موجودیت
جوهر (فلسفه)
هستی
انتزاع هیپواستاتیک
اینهمانی
اینهمانی و تغییر
نیت
وجهیت
ماده
نمایش ذهنی
ذهن
ابژه
الگو
جسم فیزیکی
اصل
خاصیت
کیفیات ذهنی
واقعیت
روح
سوژه
Substantial form
تمایز نوع و نمونه
مشاهده ناپذیر
ارش
موضوعهای مرتبط
ارزششناسی
کیهانشناسی
فرا-
هستیشناسی
فلسفه روان شناسی
فلسفه خویشتن
فلسفه فضا و زمان
فیزیک نظری
رده:متافیزیک
معرفتشناسان
توماس آکوئیناس
سنت آگوستین
آلفرد جولز آیر
لورنس بونجور
ادموند گتیه
نلسن گودمن
سورن کییرکگور
آلوین پلنتیگا
هیلاری پاتنام
نیکلاس ولترستورف
حلقه وین
نطریهها
انسجامگرایی
شناختشناسی ساختگرا
زمینهگرایی
معرفتشناسی تکاملی
خطاپذیرانگاری
معرفتشناسی فمینیستی
ایمانگرایی
مبناگرایی
معرفتشناسی ژنتیک
Infinitism
نظریه فطرت
درونیگرایی و بیرونیگرایی
واقعگرایی خام
Naturalized epistemology
پدیده باوری
اثباتگرایی
اعتمادگرایی
واقع گرایی تصویری
خردگرایی
شکگرایی فلسفی
نظریه مثل
ایده آلیسم استعلایی
اصالتیکنواختی
پسینی و پیشینی
تحلیل فلسفی
عقل سلیم
معرفت توصیفی
Exploratory thought
مسئله گتیه
نظریه توجیه
استقرا
عینیگرایی (فلسفه)
مسئله استقراء
Problem of other minds
گزاره (منطق)
Regress argument
خرد ناب
Outline of epistemology
Alethiology
ایمان و عقلانیت
شناختشناسی صوری
ابرمعرفتشناسی
فلسفه ادراک
معرفتشناسی اجتماعی
رده:معرفتشناسی
علم منطق
مقالات اصلی
خرد
فلسفه منطق
منطق ریاضی
زبَر-منطق
منطق در علوم رایانه
مفاهیم منطق
استدلالی
قیاسی
استقرائی
معکوس
محتواگرا
گزاره
برهان
اعتبارمندی
قانعکنندگی
منطق ترم
تفکر نقادانه
مغالطه
قیاس
نظریهٔ برهانآوری
عبارت خوشساخت
عنصر
اصل موضوع
قضیه
تعبیرات
سازگاری
درستی
کاملیت
تصمیمپذیری
انجامپذیری
زبان صوری
دستگاه صوری
دستگاه قیاسی
نظریهٔ مجموعه
نظریهٔ برهان
نظریهٔ مدل
نظریهٔ بازگشتی
نظریهٔ انواع
نحو
معناشناسی
دنباله معنایی
دنباله نحوی
گزارهای
توابع بولی
حساب مسندات تکین
حساب گزارهای
ادات منطقی
جدول ارزش
محمولات
منطق دسته یکم
سورها
منطق دسته دوم
موجهات
تکلیفی
زمانمند
غیرکلاسیکهای دیگر
محاسبهپذیری
فازی
خطی
نایکنوا
مجادلهها
ناهماهنگیپذیری
دودُرُستی
منطق شهودگرایانه
متناقضنماها
خلافآمدها
تجربی بودن منطق
افراد اصلی
ابن النفیس
ابن تیمیه
ابن حزم
ابن رشد
اسکولم
بول
پئانو
پاتنم
پانینی
پولس ایرانی
پیرس
تارسکی
چرچ
دارماکیرتی
دیگناگه
شهابالدین یحیی سهروردی
غزالی
فخر رازی
فرگِه
کارناپ
کانتور
کریپکه
کِنْدی
کواین
گنتزن
گوتاما
گودل
لطفی زاده
موتزی
ناگارجونه
هیلبرت
وایتهد
منطقدانان
قواعد استنباط
سفسطهها
جدول نمادها
نوشتارهای ناتمام
نوشتارهای ناتمام منطق ریاضی
برندگان جایزه رولف شوک
ویلارد کواین (۱۹۹۳)
مایکل دامت (۱۹۹۵)
دینا اسکات (۱۹۹۷)
جان رالز (۱۹۹۹)
سول کریپکی (۲۰۰۱)
سولومون ففرمن (۲۰۰۳)
یاکو هینتیکا (۲۰۰۵)
تامس نیگل (۲۰۰۸)
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کلاس اولدنبرگ (۱۹۹۵)
تورستن اندرسون (۱۹۹۷)
هرتزوگ و دمویرون (۱۹۹۹)
جوزپه پنون (۲۰۰۱)
سوزان روتنبرگ (۲۰۰۳)
SANAA / کازویو سجیما + ریوئه نیشیزاوا (۲۰۰۵)
مونا حاطوم (۲۰۰۸)
مارلن دوما (۲۰۱۱)
آن لاکاتون / ژان-فیلیپ واسال (۲۰۱۴)
(1940-11-13) November 13, 1940 (age 79)
Harvard University (B.A., 1962)
Contemporary philosophy
CUNY Graduate Center
Logic (particularly modal)
Work on theory of reference (causal theory of reference, causal-historical theory of reference,[1] direct reference theory, criticism of the Frege–Russell view)
Rigid vs. flaccid designator
The possibility of analytic a posteriori judgments[2][3]
Semantic theory of truth (Kripke's theory)
Non-analytic, a posteriori necessary truths[4]
Contingent a priori[5]
Disquotational principle
Accessibility relation
Rule-following paradox (Kripkenstein)
Humphrey objection
Marcus · Frege · Curry · Lewis · Russell · Tarski · Wittgenstein · Dummett · Quine · Turing
Burgess · Boghossian · Burge · Chalmers · Devitt · Evans · Field · Kaplan · Putnam · Salmon · Shoemaker · Soames · Weinstein · Yablo
Saul Aaron Kripke (/ˈkrɪpki/; born November 13, 1940) is an American philosopher and logician. He is a Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York and emeritus professor at Princeton University. Since the 1960s, Kripke has been a central figure in a number of fields related to mathematical logic, modal logic, philosophy of language, philosophy of mathematics, metaphysics, epistemology, and recursion theory. Much of his work remains unpublished or exists only as tape recordings and privately circulated manuscripts. Kripke was the recipient of the 2001 Schock Prize in Logic and Philosophy.
Kripke has made influential and original contributions to logic, especially modal logic. His work has profoundly influenced analytic philosophy; his principal contribution is a semantics for modal logic involving possible worlds, now called Kripke semantics.[6] Another of his most important contributions is his argument that necessity is a "metaphysical" notion that should be separated from the epistemic notion of a priori, and that there are necessary truths that are a posteriori truths, such as that water is H2O. He has also contributed an original reading of Wittgenstein, referred to as "Kripkenstein." A 1970 Princeton lecture series, published in book form in 1980 as Naming and Necessity, is considered one of the most important philosophical works of the twentieth century.
1 Life and career
2 Work
2.1 Modal logic
2.1.1 Canonical models
2.1.2 Carlson models
2.2 Intuitionistic logic
2.3 Naming and Necessity
2.3.1 "A Puzzle about Belief"
2.4 Wittgenstein
2.5 Truth
3 Religious views
4 Saul Kripke Center
5 Awards and recognitions
Saul Kripke is the oldest of three children born to Dorothy K. Kripke and Rabbi Myer S. Kripke.[7] His father was the leader of Beth El Synagogue, the only Conservative congregation in Omaha, Nebraska; his mother wrote educational Jewish books for children. Saul and his two sisters, Madeline and Netta, attended Dundee Grade School and Omaha Central High School. Kripke was labeled a prodigy, teaching himself Ancient Hebrew by the age of six, reading Shakespeare's complete works by nine, and mastering the works of Descartes and complex mathematical problems before finishing elementary school.[8][9] He wrote his first completeness theorem in modal logic at 17, and had it published a year later. After graduating from high school in 1958, Kripke attended Harvard University and graduated summa cum laude in 1962 with a bachelor's degree in mathematics. During his sophomore year at Harvard, he taught a graduate-level logic course at nearby MIT.[10] Upon graduation he received a Fulbright Fellowship, and in 1963 was appointed to the Society of Fellows. Kripke later said, "I wish I could have skipped college. I got to know some interesting people but I can't say I learned anything. I probably would have learned it all anyway just reading on my own."[11]
After briefly teaching at Harvard, in 1968 Kripke moved to Rockefeller University in New York City, where he taught until 1976. In 1978 he took a chaired professorship at Princeton University.[12] In 1988 he received the university's Behrman Award for distinguished achievement in the humanities. In 2002 Kripke began teaching at the CUNY Graduate Center, and in 2003 he was appointed a distinguished professor of philosophy there.
Kripke has received honorary degrees from the University of Nebraska, Omaha (1977), Johns Hopkins University (1997), University of Haifa, Israel (1998), and the University of Pennsylvania (2005). He is a member of the American Philosophical Society and an elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and in 1985 was a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy.[13] He won the Schock Prize in Logic and Philosophy in 2001.[14]
Kripke was married to philosopher Margaret Gilbert. He is the second cousin once removed of television writer, director, and producer Eric Kripke.
Example Kripke model for linear temporal logic, a particular modal logic
Kripke's contributions to philosophy include:
Kripke semantics for modal and related logics, published in several essays beginning in his teens.
His 1970 Princeton lectures Naming and Necessity (published in 1972 and 1980), which significantly restructured philosophy of language.
His interpretation of Wittgenstein.
His theory of truth.
He has also contributed to recursion theory (see admissible ordinal and Kripke–Platek set theory).
Modal logic
Two of Kripke's earlier works, "A Completeness Theorem in Modal Logic" (1959) and "Semantical Considerations on Modal Logic" (1963), the former written when he was a teenager, were on modal logic. The most familiar logics in the modal family are constructed from a weak logic called K, named after Kripke. Kripke introduced the now-standard Kripke semantics (also known as relational semantics or frame semantics) for modal logics. Kripke semantics is a formal semantics for non-classical logic systems. It was first made for modal logics, and later adapted to intuitionistic logic and other non-classical systems. The discovery of Kripke semantics was a breakthrough in the making of non-classical logics, because the model theory of such logics was absent before Kripke.
A Kripke frame or modal frame is a pair ⟨ W , R ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle W,R\rangle } , where W is a non-empty set, and R is a binary relation on W. Elements of W are called nodes or worlds, and R is known as the accessibility relation. Depending on the properties of the accessibility relation (transitivity, reflexivity, etc.), the corresponding frame is described, by extension, as being transitive, reflexive, etc.
A Kripke model is a triple ⟨ W , R , ⊩ ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle W,R,\Vdash \rangle } , where ⟨ W , R ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle W,R\rangle } is a Kripke frame, and ⊩ {\displaystyle \Vdash } is a relation between nodes of W and modal formulas, such that:
w ⊩ ¬ A {\displaystyle w\Vdash \neg A} if and only if w ⊮ A {\displaystyle w\nVdash A} ,
w ⊩ A → B {\displaystyle w\Vdash A\to B} if and only if w ⊮ A {\displaystyle w\nVdash A} or w ⊩ B {\displaystyle w\Vdash B} ,
w ⊩ ◻ A {\displaystyle w\Vdash \Box A} if and only if ∀ u ( w R u {\displaystyle \forall u\,(w\;R\;u} implies u ⊩ A ) {\displaystyle u\Vdash A)} .
We read w ⊩ A {\displaystyle w\Vdash A} as "w satisfies A", "A is satisfied in w", or "w forces A". The relation ⊩ {\displaystyle \Vdash } is called the satisfaction relation, evaluation, or forcing relation. The satisfaction relation is uniquely determined by its value on propositional variables.
A formula A is valid in:
a model ⟨ W , R , ⊩ ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle W,R,\Vdash \rangle } , if w ⊩ A {\displaystyle w\Vdash A} for all w ∈ W,
a frame ⟨ W , R ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle W,R\rangle } , if it is valid in ⟨ W , R , ⊩ ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle W,R,\Vdash \rangle } for all possible choices of ⊩ {\displaystyle \Vdash } ,
a class C of frames or models, if it is valid in every member of C.
We define Thm(C) to be the set of all formulas that are valid in C. Conversely, if X is a set of formulas, let Mod(X) be the class of all frames which validate every formula from X.
A modal logic (i.e., a set of formulas) L is sound with respect to a class of frames C, if L ⊆ Thm(C). L is complete with respect to C if L ⊇ Thm(C).
Semantics is useful for investigating a logic (i.e., a derivation system) only if the semantical entailment relation reflects its syntactical counterpart, the consequence relation (derivability). It is vital to know which modal logics are sound and complete with respect to a class of Kripke frames, and for them, to determine which class it is.
For any class C of Kripke frames, Thm(C) is a normal modal logic (in particular, theorems of the minimal normal modal logic, K, are valid in every Kripke model). However, the converse does not hold generally. There are Kripke incomplete normal modal logics, which is unproblematic, because most of the modal systems studied are complete of classes of frames described by simple conditions.
A normal modal logic L corresponds to a class of frames C, if C = Mod(L). In other words, C is the largest class of frames such that L is sound wrt C. It follows that L is Kripke complete if and only if it is complete of its corresponding class.
Consider the schema T : ◻ A → A {\displaystyle \Box A\to A} . T is valid in any reflexive frame ⟨ W , R ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle W,R\rangle } : if w ⊩ ◻ A {\displaystyle w\Vdash \Box A} , then w ⊩ A {\displaystyle w\Vdash A} since w R w. On the other hand, a frame which validates T has to be reflexive: fix w ∈ W, and define satisfaction of a propositional variable p as follows: u ⊩ p {\displaystyle u\Vdash p} if and only if w R u. Then w ⊩ ◻ p {\displaystyle w\Vdash \Box p} , thus w ⊩ p {\displaystyle w\Vdash p} by T, which means w R w using the definition of ⊩ {\displaystyle \Vdash } . T corresponds to the class of reflexive Kripke frames.
It is often much easier to characterize the corresponding class of L than to prove its completeness, thus correspondence serves as a guide to completeness proofs. Correspondence is also used to show incompleteness of modal logics: suppose L1 ⊆ L2 are normal modal logics that correspond to the same class of frames, but L1 does not prove all theorems of L2. Then L1 is Kripke incomplete. For example, the schema ◻ ( A ≡ ◻ A ) → ◻ A {\displaystyle \Box (A\equiv \Box A)\to \Box A} generates an incomplete logic, as it corresponds to the same class of frames as GL (viz. transitive and converse well-founded frames), but does not prove the GL-tautology ◻ A → ◻ ◻ A {\displaystyle \Box A\to \Box \Box A} .
Canonical models
For any normal modal logic L, a Kripke model (called the canonical model) can be constructed, which validates precisely the theorems of L, by an adaptation of the standard technique of using maximal consistent sets as models. Canonical Kripke models play a role similar to the Lindenbaum–Tarski algebra construction in algebraic semantics.
A set of formulas is L-consistent if no contradiction can be derived from them using the axioms of L, and modus ponens. A maximal L-consistent set (an L-MCS for short) is an L-consistent set which has no proper L-consistent superset.
The canonical model of L is a Kripke model ⟨ W , R , ⊩ ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle W,R,\Vdash \rangle } , where W is the set of all L-MCS, and the relations R and ⊩ {\displaystyle \Vdash } are as follows:
X R Y {\displaystyle X\;R\;Y} if and only if for every formula A {\displaystyle A} , if ◻ A ∈ X {\displaystyle \Box A\in X} then A ∈ Y {\displaystyle A\in Y} ,
X ⊩ A {\displaystyle X\Vdash A} if and only if A ∈ X {\displaystyle A\in X} .
The canonical model is a model of L, as every L-MCS contains all theorems of L. By Zorn's lemma, each L-consistent set is contained in an L-MCS, in particular every formula unprovable in L has a counterexample in the canonical model.
The main application of canonical models are completeness proofs. Properties of the canonical model of K immediately imply completeness of K with respect to the class of all Kripke frames. This argument does not work for arbitrary L, because there is no guarantee that the underlying frame of the canonical model satisfies the frame conditions of L.
We say that a formula or a set X of formulas is canonical with respect to a property P of Kripke frames, if
X is valid in every frame which satisfies P,
for any normal modal logic L which contains X, the underlying frame of the canonical model of L satisfies P.
A union of canonical sets of formulas is itself canonical. It follows from the preceding discussion that any logic axiomatized by a canonical set of formulas is Kripke complete, and compact.
The axioms T, 4, D, B, 5, H, G (and thus any combination of them) are canonical. GL and Grz are not canonical, because they are not compact. The axiom M by itself is not canonical (Goldblatt, 1991), but the combined logic S4.1 (in fact, even K4.1) is canonical.
In general, it is undecidable whether a given axiom is canonical. We know a nice sufficient condition: H. Sahlqvist identified a broad class of formulas (now called Sahlqvist formulas) such that:
a Sahlqvist formula is canonical,
the class of frames corresponding to a Sahlqvist formula is first-order definable,
there is an algorithm which computes the corresponding frame condition to a given Sahlqvist formula.
This is a powerful criterion: for example, all axioms listed above as canonical are (equivalent to) Sahlqvist formulas. A logic has the finite model property (FMP) if it is complete with respect to a class of finite frames. An application of this notion is the decidability question: it follows from Post's theorem that a recursively axiomatized modal logic L which has FMP is decidable, provided it is decidable whether a given finite frame is a model of L. In particular, every finitely axiomatizable logic with FMP is decidable.
There are various methods for establishing FMP for a given logic. Refinements and extensions of the canonical model construction often work, using tools such as filtration or unravelling. As another possibility, completeness proofs based on cut-free sequent calculi usually produce finite models directly.
Most of the modal systems used in practice (including all listed above) have FMP.
In some cases, we can use FMP to prove Kripke completeness of a logic: every normal modal logic is complete wrt a class of modal algebras, and a finite modal algebra can be transformed into a Kripke frame. As an example, Robert Bull proved using this method that every normal extension of S4.3 has FMP, and is Kripke complete.
Kripke semantics has a straightforward generalization to logics with more than one modality. A Kripke frame for a language with { ◻ i ∣ i ∈ I } {\displaystyle \{\Box _{i}\mid \,i\in I\}} as the set of its necessity operators consists of a non-empty set W equipped with binary relations Ri for each i ∈ I. The definition of a satisfaction relation is modified as follows:
w ⊩ ◻ i A {\displaystyle w\Vdash \Box _{i}A} if and only if ∀ u ( w R i u ⇒ u ⊩ A ) . {\displaystyle \forall u\,(w\;R_{i}\;u\Rightarrow u\Vdash A).}
Carlson models
A simplified semantics, discovered by Tim Carlson, is often used for polymodal provability logics. A Carlson model is a structure ⟨ W , R , { D i } i ∈ I , ⊩ ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle W,R,\{D_{i}\}_{i\in I},\Vdash \rangle } with a single accessibility relation R, and subsets Di ⊆ W for each modality. Satisfaction is defined as:
w ⊩ ◻ i A {\displaystyle w\Vdash \Box _{i}A} if and only if ∀ u ∈ D i ( w R u ⇒ u ⊩ A ) . {\displaystyle \forall u\in D_{i}\,(w\;R\;u\Rightarrow u\Vdash A).}
Carlson models are easier to visualize and to work with than usual polymodal Kripke models; there are, however, Kripke complete polymodal logics which are Carlson incomplete.
In Semantical Considerations on Modal Logic, published in 1963, Kripke responded to a difficulty with classical quantification theory. The motivation for the world-relative approach was to represent the possibility that objects in one world may fail to exist in another. If standard quantifier rules are used, however, every term must refer to something that exists in all the possible worlds. This seems incompatible with our ordinary practice of using terms to refer to things that exist contingently.
Kripke's response to this difficulty was to eliminate terms. He gave an example of a system that uses the world-relative interpretation and preserves the classical rules. However, the costs are severe. First, his language is artificially impoverished, and second, the rules for the propositional modal logic must be weakened.
Kripke's possible worlds theory has been used by narratologists (beginning with Pavel and Dolezel) to understand "reader's manipulation of alternative plot developments, or the characters' planned or fantasized alternative action series." This application has become especially useful in the analysis of hyperfiction.[15]
Intuitionistic logic
Kripke semantics for intuitionistic logic follows the same principles as the semantics of modal logic, but uses a different definition of satisfaction.
An intuitionistic Kripke model is a triple ⟨ W , ≤ , ⊩ ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle W,\leq ,\Vdash \rangle } , where ⟨ W , ≤ ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle W,\leq \rangle } is a partially ordered Kripke frame, and ⊩ {\displaystyle \Vdash } satisfies the following conditions:
if p is a propositional variable, w ≤ u {\displaystyle w\leq u} , and w ⊩ p {\displaystyle w\Vdash p} , then u ⊩ p {\displaystyle u\Vdash p} (persistency condition),
w ⊩ A ∧ B {\displaystyle w\Vdash A\land B} if and only if w ⊩ A {\displaystyle w\Vdash A} and w ⊩ B {\displaystyle w\Vdash B} ,
w ⊩ A ∨ B {\displaystyle w\Vdash A\lor B} if and only if w ⊩ A {\displaystyle w\Vdash A} or w ⊩ B {\displaystyle w\Vdash B} ,
w ⊩ A → B {\displaystyle w\Vdash A\to B} if and only if for all u ≥ w {\displaystyle u\geq w} , u ⊩ A {\displaystyle u\Vdash A} implies u ⊩ B {\displaystyle u\Vdash B} ,
not w ⊩ ⊥ {\displaystyle w\Vdash \bot } .
Intuitionistic logic is sound and complete with respect to its Kripke semantics, and it has the Finite Model Property.
Intuitionistic first-order logic
Let L be a first-order language. A Kripke model of L is a triple ⟨ W , ≤ , { M w } w ∈ W ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle W,\leq ,\{M_{w}\}_{w\in W}\rangle } , where ⟨ W , ≤ ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle W,\leq \rangle } is an intuitionistic Kripke frame, Mw is a (classical) L-structure for each node w ∈ W, and the following compatibility conditions hold whenever u ≤ v:
the domain of Mu is included in the domain of Mv,
realizations of function symbols in Mu and Mv agree on elements of Mu,
for each n-ary predicate P and elements a1,...,an ∈ Mu: if P(a1,...,an) holds in Mu, then it holds in Mv.
Given an evaluation e of variables by elements of Mw, we define the satisfaction relation w ⊩ A [ e ] {\displaystyle w\Vdash A[e]} :
w ⊩ P ( t 1 , … , t n ) [ e ] {\displaystyle w\Vdash P(t_{1},\dots ,t_{n})[e]} if and only if P ( t 1 [ e ] , … , t n [ e ] ) {\displaystyle P(t_{1}[e],\dots ,t_{n}[e])} holds in Mw,
w ⊩ ( A ∧ B ) [ e ] {\displaystyle w\Vdash (A\land B)[e]} if and only if w ⊩ A [ e ] {\displaystyle w\Vdash A[e]} and w ⊩ B [ e ] {\displaystyle w\Vdash B[e]} ,
w ⊩ ( A ∨ B ) [ e ] {\displaystyle w\Vdash (A\lor B)[e]} if and only if w ⊩ A [ e ] {\displaystyle w\Vdash A[e]} or w ⊩ B [ e ] {\displaystyle w\Vdash B[e]} ,
w ⊩ ( A → B ) [ e ] {\displaystyle w\Vdash (A\to B)[e]} if and only if for all u ≥ w {\displaystyle u\geq w} , u ⊩ A [ e ] {\displaystyle u\Vdash A[e]} implies u ⊩ B [ e ] {\displaystyle u\Vdash B[e]} ,
not w ⊩ ⊥ [ e ] {\displaystyle w\Vdash \bot [e]} ,
w ⊩ ( ∃ x A ) [ e ] {\displaystyle w\Vdash (\exists x\,A)[e]} if and only if there exists an a ∈ M w {\displaystyle a\in M_{w}} such that w ⊩ A [ e ( x → a ) ] {\displaystyle w\Vdash A[e(x\to a)]} ,
w ⊩ ( ∀ x A ) [ e ] {\displaystyle w\Vdash (\forall x\,A)[e]} if and only if for every u ≥ w {\displaystyle u\geq w} and every a ∈ M u {\displaystyle a\in M_{u}} , u ⊩ A [ e ( x → a ) ] {\displaystyle u\Vdash A[e(x\to a)]} .
Here e(x→a) is the evaluation which gives x the value a, and otherwise agrees with e.
Naming and Necessity
Main article: Naming and Necessity
Cover of Naming and Necessity
The three lectures that form Naming and Necessity constitute an attack on descriptivist theory of names. Kripke attributes variants of descriptivist theories to Frege, Russell, Wittgenstein and John Searle, among others. According to descriptivist theories, proper names either are synonymous with descriptions, or have their reference determined by virtue of the name's being associated with a description or cluster of descriptions that an object uniquely satisfies. Kripke rejects both these kinds of descriptivism. He gives several examples purporting to render descriptivism implausible as a theory of how names get their references determined (e.g., surely Aristotle could have died at age two and so not satisfied any of the descriptions we associate with his name, but it would seem wrong to deny that he was still Aristotle).
As an alternative, Kripke outlined a causal theory of reference, according to which a name refers to an object by virtue of a causal connection with the object as mediated through communities of speakers. He points out that proper names, in contrast to most descriptions, are rigid designators: that is, a proper name refers to the named object in every possible world in which the object exists, while most descriptions designate different objects in different possible worlds. For example, "Richard Nixon" refers to the same person in every possible world in which Nixon exists, while "the person who won the United States presidential election of 1968" could refer to Nixon, Humphrey, or others in different possible worlds.
Kripke also raised the prospect of a posteriori necessities — facts that are necessarily true, though they can be known only through empirical investigation. Examples include "Hesperus is Phosphorus", "Cicero is Tully", "Water is H2O" and other identity claims where two names refer to the same object.
Finally, Kripke gave an argument against identity materialism in the philosophy of mind, the view that every mental particular is identical with some physical particular. Kripke argued that the only way to defend this identity is as an a posteriori necessary identity, but that such an identity — e.g., that pain is C-fibers firing — could not be necessary, given the (clearly conceivable) possibility that pain could be separate from the firing of C-fibers, or the firing of C-fibers be separate from pain. (Similar arguments have since been made by David Chalmers.[16]) In any event, the psychophysical identity theorist, according to Kripke, incurs a dialectical obligation to explain the apparent logical possibility of these circumstances, since according to such theorists they should be impossible.
Kripke delivered the John Locke Lectures in philosophy at Oxford in 1973. Titled Reference and Existence, they were in many respects a continuation of Naming and Necessity, and deal with the subjects of fictional names and perceptual error. In 2013 Oxford University Press published the lectures as a book, also titled Reference and Existence.
In a 1995 paper, philosopher Quentin Smith argued that key concepts in Kripke's new theory of reference originated in the work of Ruth Barcan Marcus more than a decade earlier.[17] Smith identified six significant ideas in the New Theory that he claimed Marcus had developed: (1) that proper names are direct references that do not consist of contained definitions; (2) that while one can single out a single thing by a description, this description is not equivalent to a proper name of this thing; (3) the modal argument that proper names are directly referential, and not disguised descriptions; (4) a formal modal logic proof of the necessity of identity; (5) the concept of a rigid designator, though Kripke coined that term; and (6) a posteriori identity. Smith argued that Kripke failed to understand Marcus's theory at the time but later adopted many of its key conceptual themes in his New Theory of Reference.
Other scholars have subsequently offered detailed responses arguing that no plagiarism occurred.[18][19]
"A Puzzle about Belief"
Kripke's main propositions about proper names in Naming and Necessity are that the meaning of a name simply is the object it refers to and that a name's referent is determined by a causal link between some sort of "baptism" and the utterance of the name. Nevertheless, he acknowledges the possibility that propositions containing names may have some additional semantic properties,[20] properties that could explain why two names referring to the same person may give different truth values in propositions about beliefs. For example, Lois Lane believes that Superman can fly, although she does not believe that Clark Kent can fly. This can be accounted for if the names "Superman" and "Clark Kent", though referring to the same person, have distinct semantic properties.
But in his article "A Puzzle about Belief" Kripke seems to oppose even this possibility. His argument can be reconstructed as follows: The idea that two names referring to the same object may have different semantic properties is supposed to explain that coreferring names behave differently in propositions about beliefs (as in Lois Lane's case). But the same phenomenon occurs even with coreferring names that obviously have the same semantic properties: Kripke invites us to imagine a French, monolingual boy, Pierre, who believes that "Londres est joli" ("London is beautiful"). Pierre moves to London without realizing that London = Londres. He then learns English the same way a child would learn the language, that is, not by translating words from French to English. Pierre learns the name "London" from the unattractive part of the city where he lives, and so comes to believe that London is not beautiful. If Kripke's account is correct, Pierre now believes both that Londres is joli and that London is not beautiful. This cannot be explained by coreferring names having different semantic properties. According to Kripke, this demonstrates that attributing additional semantic properties to names does not explain what it is intended to.
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First published in 1982, Kripke's Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language contends that the central argument of Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations centers on a devastating rule-following paradox that undermines the possibility of our ever following rules in our use of language. Kripke writes that this paradox is "the most radical and original skeptical problem that philosophy has seen to date", and that Wittgenstein does not reject the argument that leads to the rule-following paradox, but accepts it and offers a "skeptical solution" to ameliorate the paradox's destructive effects.
Most commentators accept that Philosophical Investigations contains the rule-following paradox as Kripke presents it, but few have agreed with his attributing a skeptical solution to Wittgenstein. Kripke himself expresses doubts in Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language as to whether Wittgenstein would endorse his interpretation of Philosophical Investigations. He says that the work should not be read as an attempt to give an accurate statement of Wittgenstein's views, but rather as an account of Wittgenstein's argument "as it struck Kripke, as it presented a problem for him".
The portmanteau "Kripkenstein" has been coined for Kripke's interpretation of Philosophical Investigations. Kripkenstein's main significance was a clear statement of a new kind of skepticism, dubbed "meaning skepticism": the idea that for an isolated individual there is no fact in virtue of which he/she means one thing rather than another by the use of a word. Kripke's "skeptical solution" to meaning skepticism is to ground meaning in the behavior of a community.
Kripke's book generated a large secondary literature, divided between those who find his skeptical problem interesting and perceptive, and others, such as Gordon Baker and Peter Hacker, who argue that his meaning skepticism is a pseudo-problem that stems from a confused, selective reading of Wittgenstein. Kripke's position has been defended against these and other attacks by the Cambridge philosopher Martin Kusch, and Wittgenstein scholar David G. Stern considers Kripke's book "the most influential and widely discussed" work on Wittgenstein since the 1980s.[21]
In his 1975 article "Outline of a Theory of Truth", Kripke showed that a language can consistently contain its own truth predicate, something deemed impossible by Alfred Tarski, a pioneer in formal theories of truth. The approach involves letting truth be a partially defined property over the set of grammatically well-formed sentences in the language. Kripke showed how to do this recursively by starting from the set of expressions in a language that do not contain the truth predicate, and defining a truth predicate over just that segment: this action adds new sentences to the language, and truth is in turn defined for all of them. Unlike Tarski's approach, however, Kripke's lets "truth" be the union of all of these definition-stages; after a denumerable infinity of steps the language reaches a "fixed point" such that using Kripke's method to expand the truth-predicate does not change the language any further. Such a fixed point can then be taken as the basic form of a natural language containing its own truth predicate. But this predicate is undefined for any sentences that do not, so to speak, "bottom out" in simpler sentences not containing a truth predicate. That is, " 'Snow is white' is true" is well-defined, as is " ' "Snow is white" is true' is true," and so forth, but neither "This sentence is true" nor "This sentence is not true" receive truth-conditions; they are, in Kripke's terms, "ungrounded."
Saul Kripke gives a lecture about Gödel at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Nevertheless, it has been shown by Gödel that self-reference cannot be avoided naively, since propositions about seemingly unrelated objects (such as integers) can have an informal self-referential meaning, and this idea – manifested by the diagonal lemma – is the basis for Tarski's theorem that truth cannot be consistently defined. It has thus been claimed[22] that Kripke's suggestion does lead to contradiction: while its truth predicate is only partial, it does give truth value (true/false) to propositions such as the one built in Tarski's proof, and is therefore inconsistent. There is still a debate about whether Tarski's proof can be implemented to every variation of such a partial truth system, but none has been shown to be consistent by acceptable proving methods used in mathematical logic.
Kripke's proposal is also problematic in the sense that while the language contains a "truth" predicate of itself (at least a partial one), some of its sentences – such as the liar sentence ("this sentence is false") – have an undefined truth value, but the language does not contain its own "undefined" predicate. In fact it cannot, as that would create a new version of the liar paradox, called the strengthened liar paradox ("this sentence is false or undefined"). Thus while the liar sentence is undefined in the language, the language cannot express that it is undefined.[23]
Religious views
Kripke is an observant Jew.[24] On how his religious views influenced his philosophical views, he has said: "I don't have the prejudices many have today. I don't believe in a naturalist worldview. I don't base my thinking on prejudices or a worldview and do not believe in materialism."[25]
Saul Kripke Center
The Saul Kripke Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York is dedicated to preserving and promoting Kripke's work. Its director is Gary Ostertag. The Saul Kripke Center holds events related to Kripke's work and is creating a digital archive of previously unpublished recordings of Kripke's lectures, lecture notes, and correspondence dating back to the 1950s.[26] In his favorable review of Kripke's Philosophical Troubles, the Stanford philosopher Mark Crimmins wrote, "That four of the most admired and discussed essays in 1970s philosophy are here is enough to make this first volume of Saul Kripke's collected articles a must-have... The reader's delight will grow as hints are dropped that there is a great deal more to come in this series being prepared by Kripke and an ace team of philosopher-editors at the Saul Kripke Center at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York."[27]
Fulbright Scholar (1962–1963)
Society of Fellows, Harvard University (1963–1966).
Doctor of Humane Letters, honorary degree, University of Nebraska, 1977.
Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1978–).
Corresponding Fellow, British Academy (1985–).
Howard Behrman Award, Princeton University, 1988.
Fellow, Academia Scientiarum et Artium Europaea (1993–).
Doctor of Humane Letters, honorary degree, Johns Hopkins University, 1997.
Doctor of Humane Letters, honorary degree, University of Haifa, Israel, 1998.
Fellow, Norwegian Academy of Sciences (2000–).
Schock Prize in Logic and Philosophy, Swedish Academy of Sciences, 2001.
Doctor of Humane Letters, honorary degree, University of Pennsylvania, 2005.
Fellow, American Philosophical Society (2005–).
Naming and Necessity. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1972. ISBN 0-674-59845-8
Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language: an Elementary Exposition. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982. ISBN 0-674-95401-7.
Philosophical Troubles. Collected Papers Vol. 1. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. ISBN 9780199730155
Reference and Existence – The John Locke Lectures. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. ISBN 9780199928385
Philosophy portal
List of American philosophers
Barry Kripke (a character on The Big Bang Theory who is believed to be named after Saul)
^ Cumming, Sam (30 May 2018). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University – via Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
^ Palmquist, Stephen (December 1987). "A Priori Knowledge in Perspective: (II) Naming, Necessity and the Analytic A Posteriori". The Review of Metaphysics. 41 (2): 255–282.
^ Georg Northoff, Minding the Brain: A Guide to Philosophy and Neuroscience, Palgrave, p. 51.
^ Michael Giudice, Understanding the Nature of Law: A Case for Constructive Conceptual Explanation, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2015, p. 92.
^ Saul Kripke (1986). "Rigid Designation and the Contingent A Priori: The Meter Stick Revisited" (Notre Dame).
^ Jerry Fodor, "Water's water everywhere", London Review of Books, 21 October 2004
^ Kripke, Saul (2011). Philosophical Troubles: Collected Papers Volume 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. xii. ISBN 978-0-19-973015-5.
^ Charles McGrath (2006-01-28). "Philosopher, 65, Lectures Not About 'What Am I?' but 'What Is I?'". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
^ A Companion to Analytic Philosophy (Blackwell Companions to Philosophy), by A. P. Martinich (Editor), E. David Sosa (Editor), 38. Saul Kripke (1940–)
^ Saul Kripke – The Graduate Center, CUNY
^ McGrath, Charles (January 28, 2006). "Philosopher, 65, Lectures Not About 'What Am I?' but 'What Is I?'". The New York Times.
^ "Saul Kripke - American logician and philosopher".
^ https://www.britac.ac.uk/user/3271[permanent dead link]
^ http://www.rolfschockprizes.se/en-GB/priset/tidigarepristagare.10.html
^ Fludernik, Monika. "Histories of Narrative Theory: From Structuralism to Present." A Companion to Narrative Theory. Ed. Phelan and Rabinowitz. Blackwell Publishing, MA:2005.
^ Chalmers, David. 1996. The Conscious Mind. Oxford University Press pp. 146–9.
^ Smith, Quentin (2 August 2001). "Marcus, Kripke, and the Origin of the New Theory of Reference". Synthese. 104 (2): 179–189. doi:10.1007/BF01063869. Archived from the original on 7 May 2006. Retrieved 2007-05-28.
^ Stephen Neale (9 February 2001). "No Plagiarism Here" (PDF). Times Literary Supplement. 104 (2): 12–13. doi:10.1007/BF01063869. Archived from the original (.PDF) on 14 July 2010. Retrieved 2009-11-13.
^ John Burgess, "Marcus, Kripke, and Names" Philosophical Studies, 84: 1, pp. 1–47.
^ Kripke, 1980, p. 20
^ Stern, David G. 2006. Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. p. 2
^ Keith Simmons, Universality and the Liar: An Essay on Truth and the Diagonal Argument, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1993
^ Bolander, Thomas (30 May 2018). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University – via Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
^ "Kripke is Jewish, and he takes this seriously. He is not a nominal Jew and he is careful keeping the Sabbath, for instance he doesn't use public transportation on Saturdays." Andreas Saugstad, "Saul Kripke: Genius logician", 25 February 2001.
^ Andreas Saugstad, "Saul Kripke: Genius logician", 25 February 2001.
^ Saul Kripke Center website: Most of these recordings and lecture notes were created by Nathan Salmon while he was a student and, later, a colleague of Kripke's.
^ Crimmins, Mark (30 October 2013). "Review of Philosophical Troubles: Collected Papers, Volume 1" – via Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Arif Ahmed (2007), Saul Kripke. New York, NY; London: Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-9262-2.
Alan Berger (editor) (2011) "Saul Kripke." ISBN 978-0-521-85826-7.
Taylor Branch (1977), "New Frontiers in American Philosophy: Saul Kripke". The New York Times Magazine.
John Burgess (2013), "Saul Kripke: Puzzles and Mysteries." ISBN 978-0-7456-5284-9.
G. W. Fitch (2005), Saul Kripke. ISBN 0-7735-2885-7.
Christopher Hughes (2004), Kripke : Names, Necessity, and Identity. ISBN 0-19-824107-0.
Martin Kusch (2006), A Sceptical Guide to Meaning and Rules. Defending Kripke's Wittgenstein. Acumben: Publishing Limited.
Christopher Norris (2007), Fiction, Philosophy and Literary Theory: Will the Real Saul Kripke Please Stand Up? London: Continuum
Consuelo Preti (2002), On Kripke. Wadsworth. ISBN 0-534-58366-0.
Nathan Salmon (1981), Reference and Essence. ISBN 1-59102-215-0 ISBN 978-1591022152.
Scott Soames (2002), Beyond Rigidity: The Unfinished Semantic Agenda of Naming and Necessity. ISBN 0-19-514529-1.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Saul Kripke
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saul Kripke.
CUNY Graduate Center Philosophy Department faculty page
The Saul Kripke Center, at the CUNY Graduate Center
Saul Kripke's archive on the CUNY Philosophy Commons
Second Annual Saul Kripke Lecture by John Burgess on the Necessity of Origin at the CUNY Graduate Center, November 13th, 2012
Saul Kripke at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
"Saul Kripke, Genius Logician", a short, non-technical interview by Andreas Saugstad, February 25, 2001.
The conference in honor of Kripke's sixty-fifth birthday with a video of his speech "The First Person", January 25–26, 2006
Video of his talk "From Church's Thesis to the First Order Algorithm Theorem," June 13, 2006.
Podcast of his talk "Unrestricted Exportation and Some Morals for the Philosophy of Language," May 21, 2008.
London Review of Books article by Jerry Fodor discussing Kripke's work
Celebrating CUNY's Genius Philosopher, by Gary Shapiro, January 27, 2006, in The New York Sun.
information from 'Wisdom Supreme' website
A New York Times article about his 65th birthday
Roundtable on Kripke's critique of mind-body identity with Scott Soames as the main presenter May 26, 2010.
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استادان دانشگاه پرینستون
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اعضای فرهنگستان اروپایی دانش و هنر
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یهودیان و یهودیت در اوماها، نبراسکا
Infobox philosopher maintenance
مقالههای ویکیپدیا همراه شناسههای SELIBR
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مقالههای ویکیپدیا همراه شناسههای SNAC-ID
مقالههای ویکیپدیا همراه شناسههای DBLP
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Pete – How have your friendships changed?
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Mortals who have visited Fairy World
Grandsons
Chip Skylark
Who is Chip Skylark?
Singer-songwriter, Dancer
Chip's Pad
Dimmsdale, CA
Skip Sparkypants
His fans
Singing, His shiny teeth, Making his fans happy, Shiny Teeth, pulling Francis' Underwear, Being chased by a crowd of girls
Chip Skylark II (father)
Grandparents:
Chippington Skylark (grandfather)
Boys in the Band
Momnipresent (cameo; official)
Scary GodCouple (picture)
Chris Kirkpatrick
« Image gallery (207) »
Chippington "Chip" Skylark III, usually called Chip Skylark, is a famous singing sensation and he is one of Timmy Turner's friends. It is possible Vicky is or isn't a fan of Chip. Chip Skylark is a popular singer that is well known around Dimmsdale, mostly among girls (and Timmy's dad). Chip is a parody of boy band singers such as Justin Timberlake or Chris Kirkpatrick (who voices Chip). In almost all of his appearances, Chip usually performs a song related to the episode. Timmy originally hated him because he was attracting all his attention, but in reality, Chip is actually very kind, nice, friendly, and not at all very rich (none of his fans know the latter and if they found out about that, Chip would not be liked anymore). According to Chip, he spends most of his time on the road performing concerts and doesn't even have time to celebrate his own birthday.
He shares a good portion of Danny Phantom's looks - having the same hairstyle, same eye color and skin color.
Chip first appeared in the episode, Boys in the Band, where he was performing a live show on the same day as Timmy's birthday. Timmy was furious at the singer because his concert had distracted his parents from his birthday. To get revenge, Timmy wished that something bad would happen to Chip. Chip then crashed into a tree and then Vicky, who planned to marry him by force, chained him up in Timmy's room. There Timmy complained to Chip that his concert was ruining his birthday. Chip then revealed that it was also his birthday, so he knew how Timmy felt. In apology, he gave Timmy a Crash Nebula action figure. After this, they worked together to escape Vicky and get to the concert as the crowd there has become so rowdy that Chip is being affected by it due to his guilt. Timmy gets Cosmo and his old band to distract the crowd while he tries to find a way to get Vicky to not like Chip anymore. Timmy finds out that Chip is not really rich and that the record company pays for all the expensive stuff he has. After she finds out about that thanks to Wanda and the guy from the record company, she immediately breaks up with him. They succeeded in getting to the concert before Cosmo and his old band get overwhelmed by Chip's fans. Chip and Timmy then got to make fun of Vicky on national television (with Chip's new song, Icky Vicky which was created when Timmy notes to Chip that Vicky's name is icky with a "V"). Ever since, he and Timmy have been firm friends. Chip prides himself on dental hygiene, making it the basis of the episode, Shiny Teeth. He sings about his incredibly shiny teeth in the song, 'My Shiny Teeth and Me'. This makes him greatly admired by the Tooth Fairy. (It is revealed in The Good Old Days, that his full name is "Chip Skylark the Third." The sound of a flushing toilet calms him down, and disappointed fans cause his teeth to turn yellow. In the episode, Chip Off the Old Chip, he loses his career after messing up when singing the national anthem at Bankee Stadium due to Timmy wishing for them to switch voices. He becomes a delivery boy for Poorly Sung Pizza. Chip eventually recovers his career when Timmy 'unwishes' the wish, and they sing together. He is often featured on Teeth TV, hosted by Brad Cuspidor.
Much like musician Hank Williams III, Chip comes from a long line of great singers. His grandfather, Chippington Skylark, was a singer on the radio that performed such classics as "1930's Icky Vicky". Chippington had a band of anthropomorphic animals that play instruments (other animals) called Chippington Skylark and the Noah's Arkestra.
One day when Timmy Turner wished for the worst possible thing to happen to Chip, he soon ended up in the clutches of Vicky, who was acting the role of a crazed star struck fan. She tied him up with chains and a padlock, and held him hostage against his will, hoping to use a chaplain from the internet to marry him. While, being hostage he said that she will make a great Mrs. Skylark, but he could have been joking. After, when Vicky found out that Chip was in enormous debt to his record company, she immediately called off the wedding and released Chip. Soon after, Chip went to his concert and performed "Icky Vicky" while Vicky watched on television, clearly angry that the song was directed at her. Despite this, in some later episodes, Vicky still seems to be a fan of Chip, keeping such things as a poster of Chip she cherished because he had dripped sweat on it.
Timmy, at first, thinks Chip is like any other obnoxious celebrity whose presence in town was single-handedly ruining his birthday. After meeting Chip, however, Timmy realizes that the singer has it just as bad as he does, not even being able to celebrate his own birthday because he is always performing music and running from fans. Timmy and Chip form a close bond and he returns to Dimmsdale several times to help Timmy with a song. They are currently good friends.
Chip Skylark has performed four songs so far, below is a list of the songs.
"Icky Vicky" in Boys in the Band and Channel Chasers
"My Shiny Teeth and Me" in Shiny Teeth and Mind Over Magic
"Find Your Voice" in Chip Off the Old Chip
"Happy Birthday Timmy " in Birthday Bashed
Start a Discussion Discussions about Chip Skylark
Timmy Turner and Chloe Carmichael's wedding clothes
Nicholas Blaschke
Chip Skylark Should Play The Song At Their Wedding 2018-12-06T01:20:53Z
Master100000
Nicholas Blaschke wrote:Chip Skylark Should Play The Song At Their Wedding I totally agree!:-) 2018-12-06T01:25:41Z
Chip Skylark removed from FOP?
PatrickStar445
no,don't remove him,let him stay 2018-11-09T20:10:06Z
Retrieved from "https://fairlyoddparents.fandom.com/wiki/Chip_Skylark?oldid=511767"
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Townspeople
Characters voiced by Dee Bradley Baker
Characters voiced by Carlos Alazraqui
Dr. Snipowitz
Dr.Snipowitz
Brown (Presto Change-O)
Vicky, Vicky's Pets
Veterinarian (former)
The Hurting Doctor
Doidle, Vicky, Hurting pets
To hurt his clients
Dog's Day Afternoon
Open Wide and Say Aaagh!
Carlos Alazraqui (last appearance)
Dr. Snipowitz first appeared in Dog's Day Afternoon as Doidle's veterinarian, as well as a couple more appearances.
Dr. Snipowitz was first introduced as the veterinarian that Vicky took her dog Doidle too to get neutered in "Dog's Day Afternoon", unbeknown to anyone that Timmy Turner had actually switched bodies with Doidle and was currently inhabiting his body. He appeared again in the episode "Presto Change-O" and apparently planned to neuter Doidle again after Crocker had had his mind switched with Doidle. His final appearance was Open Wide And Say Aaagh! as a surgeon in the Dimmsdale Hospital. He has not been seen since.
He wears thin glasses, and has gray hair. His head shape and clothing is similar to Mr. Turner's, with a teal coat worn over his white shirt, black tie, and black pants.
He first appeared in "Dog's Day Afternoon", when Vicky was taking Doidle to the veterinarian to be neutered after Timmy had switched minds with Doidle. Snipowitz is portrayed as being somewhat vindicative and it is he has caused a lot of suffering to the animals he treated, such as Happy the Goldfish, Shiver the Cat, and Ginny the Parrot. All of these animals were Vicky's Pets, who looked and acted quite unhappy, and unhealthy. Timmy, as Doidle, managed to escape Dr. Snipowitz and wish himself back into his own body. Doidle is then captured, and Vicky says he is being brought back to Dr. Snipowitz to be neutered. At the end of the episode, Doidle is seen looking sad like Vicky's other pets, though in later episodes he returns to his normal, aggressive, Timmy biting self.
Dr. Snipowitz showing his operating "tools" to Vicky. (Dog's Day Afternoon)
He also briefly appeared in "Presto Change-O" when Timmy had switched bodies with Doidle. He also does not seem to have a very good memory as he was planning to neuter Doidle again, apparently not recognizing him.
Dr. Snipowitz mistreatment of pets resulted in him being transferred to the Dimmsdale Hospital where he, apparently, continue to cause suffering this time to humans there instead. He also had a stereotypical Igor assistant. He was originally going to be the doctor who was going to take Timmy's tonsils out, but Timmy managed to escape him and had Cosmo perform the procedure with magic instead. Vicky instead was the one who fell into Dr. Snipowitz and his Igor assistant's clutches, who had her strapped to a bed so she could be given a twerpectomy. This episode was the last time Dr. Snipowitz has appeared so far.
The Wrecking Ball
The Trimming Trimmers
Snipmaster 8000
Retrieved from "https://fairlyoddparents.fandom.com/wiki/Dr._Snipowitz?oldid=493016"
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Fan Theories Wiki
Films category
Video games category
Cartoons category
This page lists fan theories about the television series SpongeBob SquarePants.
The Seven Deadly Sins Theory
Diagram of the Seven Deadly Sins theory.
Although the theory was debunked by SpongeBob's voice actor (Tom Kenny) in this HuffPost interview, some fans believe that SpongeBob's friends represent the Seven Deadly Sins. There is some debate, but the best fits for each sin are as follows:
Pride: Sandy. Pride is a deep satisfaction derived from one's own achievements. Sandy is deeply proud of her home country, her athletic abilities, and her career as a scientist.
Greed: Mr. Krabs. Greed is the selfish desire for something, especially wealth or power. Krabs fits this sin perfectly, since he is obsessed with collecting money just so he can have riches for himself.
Lust: Pearl. Lust is intense sexual desire. Pearl is depicted as boy-crazy and obsessed with male fish stars.
Envy: Plankton. Envy is an insatiable desire. Plankton is deeply envious of the success that his rival Mr. Krabs has achieved.
Gluttony: Mrs. Puff. Gluttony is the overindulgence of food. Mrs. Puff is shown to adore food, from chocolate cake to pasta, and is fat.
Wrath: Squidward. Wrath is uncontrolled feelings of anger and hatred. Squidward hates his life, his job, his neighbors, and practically everything else about Bikini Bottom.
Sloth: Patrick. Sloth is excessive laziness. Patrick is ridiculously lazy; he is unemployed, lives under a rock, and sleeps a lot.
It has been suggested that Patrick or Gary could also fit gluttony, since Patrick also loves eating a lot of food. Gary's food bowl is commonly seen, and the episode "Have You Seen This Snail?" features him running away after not being fed, but he is not fat like Mrs. Puff or Patrick. Also, his appetite is perfectly normal for a snail. Some fans think SpongeBob could fit lust since he is so loving, but he has been confirmed by Nickelodeon to represent positivity and optimism (opposites of sin), making it unlikely that he represents one of the seven sins. Additionally, his love for the world is genuine, not sexual.
Nuclear Testing Theory
SpongeBob SquarePants takes place in Bikini Bottom, a fictional undersea community located underneath a real-life isle called Bikini Atoll. Back in 1946, Bikini Atoll was used by the United States as a site for nuclear testing. Numerous bombs were set off there over the years; a particularly notable one called "Baker" was detonated 27 meters underwater. See Wikipedia's article on the island for more information. This theory states that SpongeBob and his friends are all so bizarre because they are the results of these nuclear tests.
Donut of Shame/The Secret Box Connection
Below is a summary that connects the events of "The Secret Box" with "The Donut of Shame."
Patrick's birthday is near Christmas. SpongeBob set up a tea party for Patrick. When Patrick was at his birthday party, SpongeBob invited tons of friends until SpongeBob brought out a bottle of grog. Patrick and all the other guests chanted at SpongeBob to drink the entire bottle. SpongeBob started to feel dizzy. He danced on his table and prank called everyone else he knew. Patrick, unaware that his best friend was drunk, decided to take a photo of this moment. SpongeBob felt so dizzy that he said "A donut this nice could really make a guy happy!" before passing out. Patrick ordered another bottle of grog and drank the entire bottle just like his best friend and passed out on SpongeBob's kitchen ceiling. Later on, Patrick put the photo of SpongeBob in a box he calls "The Secret Box".
The Drug Theory
This theory states that five of the characters are each addicted to a different drug. There are several versions of this theory, popularized after a parody called "SpongeBong HempPants" was created.
SpongeBob: Shrooms. SpongeBob has a wild imagination, similar to the mindset of someone tripping on shrooms. He can go from extreme happiness (good trip) to complete despair and fear (bad trip). He is also usually very happy as shrooms create euphoria.
Mr. Krabs and Mrs. Puff: Medical cocaine. According to the this site, cocaine users can be irritable and paranoid. Mr. Krabs is very irritable when it comes to his riches and also paranoid about his formula being stolen. Mrs. Puff is irritable when she has to deal with SpongeBob and has almost PTSD-like bursts of paranoia about crashing a boat. Both of them are also very intense.
Squidward: Medical heroin. According to the same site linked above, heroin abusers have many behavioral tendencies matching Squidward's traits. These include lying and other deceptive behaviors, bad performance in jobs, and avoided eye contact. Also, he is constantly moody and upset.
Patrick: Medical marijuana. Patrick is usually laid-back, relaxed, and has a relatively positive outlook on life. He also eats a lot, as medical marijuana users experience a phenomenon known as "the munchies" after smoking it.
This theory also states that Sandy is against the others. As most viewers know, Sandy can get very annoyed when SpongeBob and Patrick visit her...because they are hyped up on drugs.
The Death Theory
This theory is a possible explanation for what many fans perceive as a negative change in SpongeBob's personality from the fourth season onwards. He is initially an intelligent and capable character who is rather naive, but he becomes increasingly stupid as the show progresses. This theory suggests that the old SpongeBob died during the 2004 film's famous death scene. Since sponges can asexually reproduce babies that are like clones, it is quite possible that SpongeBob was replaced by a baby of his, which is why SpongeBob's personality changes and why he never seems to age. It also explains why he is increasingly stupid: he is a child. But this was later to be disproved by Stephen Hillenburg who stated that season 4- present are all prequel episodes to the first 3 seasons and the first movie the 2nd movie is also a prequel. This explains why there are no mentions of SpongeBob ever being manager or what happened after the first film.
Sins theory
SpongeBob Theories (The Film Theorists)
Cartoon Conspiracy Theory Spongebob is on DRUGS?!
Cartoon Conspiracy Thoeries Spongebob a result from Nuclear Testing?!
Spongebob Theory He's a Tampon?!
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9 Popular Secrets You Did Not Know About Scott Eastwood
1. He has also been the model for the fragrance Cool Water by Davidoff.
2. He is the youngest son of Academy Award-winning actor-director Clint Eastwood and second youngest of Jacelyn Reeves.
3. He is the son of actor-director Clint Eastwood and flight attendant Jacelyn Reeves.
4. He attended Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, from which he graduated in 2008 with a degree in communications.
5. Scott is widely known for his almost identical appearance to earlier day, Clint Eastwood.
6. In 2016, Eastwood played Lieutenant GQ Edwards, in charge of a group of villains, in the film Suicide Squad, an adaptation of the DC Comics series. Also that year, he starred alongside Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Shailene Woodley in the biographical drama film Snowden, directed by Oliver Stone, and released in September.
7. In September 2015, he was cast as one of the leads in Overdrive, an action movie scheduled to begin shooting in Paris and Marseilles in January 2016. He is also set to play a role in the upcoming 2017 film Fast 8.
8. ^ “Scott Eastwood opens about a car crash that killed his girlfriend”.
9. ^ “Scott Eastwood finally calls dad of girlfriend who died in crash”.
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