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__label__wiki	0.693213	0.693213	Creator Signing: Kasey Pierce – Oct 27 &28 Posted on August 28, 2018 by ndcweb Kasey Pierce, creator of NORAH (Source Point Press) will be at your following local NDC: Saturday Oct 27, 12p-3p @ NDC Ohio Valley Saturday Oct 27, 5p-8p @ NDC Century 3 Sunday Oct 28, 1p-4p @ NDC Pittsburgh Mills Pick up NORAH #1 now at your local NDC. And don’t forget to ask about issues 2, 3, & 4! Signing: Jim Pascoe – @ Cranberry TWP, Pittsburgh Mills, and Century 3 Join us in welcoming writer Jim Pascoe at the following locations. Cranberry TWP: Thurs Aug 30 – 6pm-8pm Pittsburgh Mills: Sat Sept 1 – 2-4pm NOTICE TIME CHANGE Century III: Sat Sept 1 – 11am – 1pm NOTICE TIME CHANGE Jim Pascoe is a writer, designer, and an award-winning creative director. For the past 20 years, he has been generating, collaborating on, and executing creative ideas. His latest work is the graphic novel series Cottons, illustrated by Heidi Arnhold. The first book in the trilogy — The Secret of the Wind — comes out in 2018 with First Second Books. His previous comics credits include Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Hellboy Animated, and the original series Undertown—which was originally published by Tokyopop, put out as a special edition by Scholastic, and distributed by Universal Press Syndicate to over 50 newspapers worldwide. He is the co-author of the crime fiction novel By the Balls: A Bowling Alley Murder Mystery (written with Tom Fassbender and illustrated by Paul Pope), which launched the cult publishing house UglyTown and was rereleased in 2013 in a deluxe 15th anniversary edition. Part of the original founding team of the entertainment advertising agency The Refinery, Jim Pascoe has worked on campaigns for every major Hollywood studio. He and his team have won multiple Clio Awards. He was also the creative director/producer on Disney/ABC Cable Network Group’s interactive television program JETIX Cards Live, which won a 2004 Emmy Award (Outstanding Achievement in Advanced Media Technology). He lives in Los Angeles, where he drinks coffee, sleeps very little, and believes in magic. Some of Jim’s other work include: Cottons: The Secret of the Wind (First Second Books) Cthulu Tales Omnibus: Delirium (Boom!) Florida Heat Wave (Tyrus) Undertown, vol. 2 (Tokyopop) Cthulhu Tales: Tainted (Boom!) Hellboy Animated: “The Yearning” (Dark Horse) Hellboy Animated: The Judgment Bell (Dark Horse) Hellboy Animated: “Phantom Limbs” (Dark Horse/Anchor Bay) Hellboy Animated: The Black Wedding (Dark Horse) Zombie Tales: The Dead (Boom!) Star Wars Tales Vol 5 (Dark Horse) Kim Possible: Badical Battles (Disney Press) Kim Possible: Attack of the Killer Bebes (Disney Press) Kim Possible: Killigan’s Island (Disney Press) By the Balls: The Complete Collection (Akashic) Hellboy: Theater of the Dead and Other Tales (Dark Horse) Hellboy: Weird Tales Vol 2 (Dark Horse) Buffy The Vampire Slayer Omnibus Volume 7 (Dark Horse) Buffy the Vampire Slayer: The Death of Buffy (Dark Horse) Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Ugly Little Monsters (Dark Horse) Buffy the Vampire Slayer: False Memories (Dark Horse) Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Creatures of Habit (Dark Horse) Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Out of the Woodwork (Dark Horse) Five Shots and a Funeral (UglyTown) By the Balls: A Bowling Alley Murder Mystery (UglyTown) Legendary Basement Sale – Sat Jan 26, Ellwood City, 8 am Do you like $1 books? Do you have holes in your collection that you need filled? Do you just want to see what 500,000 comics in one room look like? Stop by NDC Ellwood City on Sat Jan 26th, from 8am to 7pm and check it out!	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28781
__label__cc	0.704986	0.295014	projects / linux-3.10.git / blob mm: migration: allow the migration of PageSwapCache pages [linux-3.10.git] / COPYING 2 NOTE! This copyright does not cover user programs that use kernel 3 services by normal system calls - this is merely considered normal use 4 of the kernel, and does not fall under the heading of "derived work". 5 Also note that the GPL below is copyrighted by the Free Software 6 Foundation, but the instance of code that it refers to (the Linux 7 kernel) is copyrighted by me and others who actually wrote it. 9 Also note that the only valid version of the GPL as far as the kernel 10 is concerned is _this_ particular version of the license (ie v2, not 11 v2.2 or v3.x or whatever), unless explicitly otherwise stated. 13 Linus Torvalds 15 ---------------------------------------- 17 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 18 Version 2, June 1991 20 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 21 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA 22 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 23 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 25 Preamble 27 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your 28 freedom to share and change it. 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See the 320 GNU General Public License for more details. 322 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 323 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software 324 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA 327 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 329 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this 330 when it starts in an interactive mode: 332 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author 333 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 334 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 335 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 337 The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 338 parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may 339 be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be 340 mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. 342 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your 343 school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if 344 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: 346 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program 347 `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. 349 <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 350 Ty Coon, President of Vice 352 This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into 353 proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may 354 consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the 355 library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General 356 Public License instead of this License.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28787
__label__cc	0.540777	0.459223	NSAIDs, Acetaminophen and COX-2 Inhibitors MULT1MODAL POSTOPERATIVE ANALGES1A WITH NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMATORY DRUGS AND THE EPIDLJRAL HEMATOMA "MYTH". Mareos Bolivar. Marcos Bolivar(Jr), Amalia Bolivar, Grisell Var-gas. Hospital de Clinicas Caracas, Acute Pain Service. Anesthesi-ology Dept, Caracas 1015-A, Venezuela Aim of Investigation: To confirm if the simultaneous use of NSAIDS (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and an epidural catheter produces evidence of epidural hematomas. Methods: Analgesia records from 2290 patients of the Acute Pain Service at the Hospital de Clinicas Caracas were reviewed. In all patients we placed an epidural catheter for analgesia with bupiva-caine 0.03% and fentanyl at three different concentrations (0.0005%, 0.0003% and 0.0002%). We used in all patients for "multimodal" analgesia during 50 hours, ketorolac in 24% of the patients (initial dose 30-60 mg, plus 30 mg every 8 hours thereafter) and ketoprofen in 76% of the patients (initial dose 100 mg plus 100 mg every 8 hours thereafter. Initially, these NSAIDS were administered intravenously and then changed to oral route as soon as it was reestablished by the treating physician. This technique was used in general surgery, and in several surgical specialties (gynecology, obstetrics, orthopedics, urology, neurosurgery, cardiovascular and thoracic surgery). In all patients blood pressure, pulse, pulse oxymetry, respiratory rate, sedation scale, verbal analogue scale, pruritus, nausea and vomiting, paresthesias and motor blockade were assessed every hour during the first 6 hours, every 2 hours the second 6-hour period, and every 3 hours thereafter. Results: Observed complications were arterial hypotension 10%, nausea and/or vomiting 11%, urinary retention 7%, sedation 5%, oxygen saturation disturbances 14%, pruritus 17%, paresthesias 10%, motor blockade 5%. Conclusions: No severe neurological complications were observed, nor signs or symptoms of epidural hematomas were detected. COMBINING DICLOFENAC WITH PARACETAMOL OR PARACETAMOL+ CODEINE AFTER ORAL SURGERY: A RANDOMISED, DOUBLE BLIND, SINGLE DOSE STUDY E.K. Breivik. P. Barkvoll, Dept of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Univ of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109 Blindem, N-0316 Oslo, Norway Aim of Investigation: To investigate the efficacy ofdiclofenac enterotablets when used with paracetamol or with paraceta-mol+codeine tablets in a single oral dose for acute pain after oral surgery. Methods: 100 patients in 5 groups experiencing pain intensity above 50 on a 100 mm visual analogue scale following surgical removal of wisdom teeth were included. They received in a randomised and double blind manner a single oral dose of either diclo-fenac 100 mg enterotablets (DI), paracetamol 1 g (P), paracetamol Ig+codeine 60 mg (P+C), diclofenac 100 mg enterotablets + paracetamol Ig (Dl+P), or diclofenac 100 mg enterotablets + paracetamol 1 g+codeine 60 mg (DI+P+C). Pain intensity and pain relief were rated in home-diaries by the patients every 30 minutes for 8 hours. Results were analysed with ANOVA with Duncan's post hoc comparison. Significance was set at P<0.05. Results: DI+P had superior analgesic effect compared with DI and P alone. DI+P+C were superior to DI alone and P+C alone. These interactions were apparent 2 hours after testdrug intake and persisted until the end of the 8-hour observation period. The incidence of side-effects was not different among the 5 groups. Conclusion: This single dose study suggests that diclofenac enterotablets increase and prolong the analgesic effect of paracetamol and paracetamol+codeine for acute pain after oral surgery. SAFETY OF CHRONIC ACETAMINOPHEN ADMINISTRATION. COMPARISON OF TWO DOSING REGIMENS. H. Ganry'. A. Peic2', F. Pruvot'', D. Vesque1', J. Dardennes ', N. Schmidely'', J.H. Insuasty'.(SPON: M. Gozariu-Le Bars). 'Laboratoires UPSA / Bnstol-Myers Squibb Company, Rueil-Malmaison, France and ^MS, La Defense Bergeres, 345 av. Georges Clemenceau, Nanterre, France. Aim of Investigation: To compare the safety profile of chronic treatment with acetaminophen (APAP) 3g/d and 4g/d. Methods: Retrospective study to identify all patients treated with APAP for chronic rheumatic disease and who presented an adverse event (AE) during treatment. A total of 1.5 million ambulatory patient files, collected in the UK, were reviewed using an indexed medical database. APAP patients were categorized according to their daily APAP dosage: 3g or 4g. In each dosage group were identified patients with hepatic and/or renal AE (HRAE) possibly related to APAP intake. Two analyses were then performed. The two groups of patients (3g or 4g) were compared for incidence of HRAE. Subgroups of patients (3g and 4g) with HRAE were then compared for demographic data, treated disorder, characteristics of acetaminophen intake, etc. The second analysis used Decision Tree Method (DTM). All APAP patients were categorized in two groups: with or without HRAE. DTM determined independent variables best describing differences between profiles of both patients groups. Results: 7781 patients were identified, 1868 (24%) treated with APAP 3g/d and 5913 (76%) with APAP 4g/d. No difference between dosage groups was observed in all variables including the number of patients with HRAE (16 [0.86%] and 40 [0.68%] in APAP 3g/d and 4g/d respectively). Using the DTM method APAP dosage (3g/d or 4g/d) was never selected to explain HRAE occurrence. Conclusion: No difference in the safety profile of chronic APAP administration was observed between 3g/d and 4g/d dosage regimens. Chronic APAP daily dosages of3-4g were not correlated with AE occurrence MULTIPLE 2G DOSES OF PROPACETAMOL, AN INJECTABLE PRODRUG OF ACETAMINOPHEN, DO NOT POTENTIATE LIVER DYSFUNCTION AFTER EXPOSURE TO VOLATILE HALOGENATED ANESTHETIC AGENTS. M.G. Gerin'. D.Hynes2, B.Lyons2, K.Van Holder', J.H. In-suasty' - Cappagh Orthopaedic Hospital, Dublin, Ireland and 'Clinical Research Dpt - Laboratoires UPSA / Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Rueil-Malmaison, France. Aim of Investigation: To assess the incidence of liver tests (LFT) abnormalities in patients (pts) administered postoperative! y an effective, multiple-dose regimen ofpropacetamol 2g IV or morphine (PCA) after exposure to isoflurane or enflurane during general anesthesia (GA). Methods: After GA for elective orthopedic surgery, pts were randomly assigned the first postoperative day to receive for 24hrs IV infusions ofpropacetamol 2g, every 4-8 hrs, or morphine for postoperative analgesia. LFTs were performed preoperatively, before treatment, at the end of treatment and 48-96 hrs post-treatment. Laboratory values outside the upper or lower limit of the reference range were considered abnormal. Average values, number ofpts with abnormal values and shift tables were calculated for each laboratory parameter and for groups of parameters; treatments were compared at each period and between periods. Results: 50 pts were enrolled in each treatment group; in pro-pacetamol group, 25 pts were exposed to 3 doses and 25 to 4 doses, i.e. equivalent to 3 and 4g acetaminophen respectively. Anesthesia and surgery alone induced several LFT' abnormalities. No statistical differences between the two groups were observed in the shift of normality status distribution between pre- and post-treatments. Detailed results will be oresented and discussed. Conclusions: Potentiation of liver dysfunction induced by enflu-rane or isoflurane was not observed after multiple administrations ofpropacetamol 2g for postoperative analgesia. General biological tolerance, and specifically LFTs, of this propacetamol regimen appears similar to that of an opioid reference treatment. RECTAL PARACETAMOL (ACETAMINOPHEN) IN ADDITION TO PCA-MORPHINE AFTER ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY. Oddvar Kvalsvik. Petter C Borchgrevink* and Ola Dale* (SPON:R. Bell), Dept ofAnaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Trondheim Univ Hospital, Norway. Aim of the investigation: To evaluate the analgetic effect of rectal paracetamol as an adjunct to morphine after major abdominal surgery. Methods: 60 patients scheduled for elective benign abdominal hysterectomy were included in a prospective, randomised, double blind, placebocontrolled study to evaluate the effect of rectal paracetamol in conjunction with i.v. morphine. Paracetamol 1000 mg or placebo suppositorium were given four times daily during the 60 hours study period. I.v. morphine was administered via a PCA pump, limited to max 12 mg/hour. Morphine consumption, pain and morphine related adverse effects were recorded. A single analysis was made of corresponding serum concentrations of paracetamol and morphine. Results: We found a 16% reduction in overall accumulated morphine consumption in the paracetamol group (99,6 vs 83,3 mg) which was not statistically significant (p=0,06). However, paracetamol concentrations were very low, mean 0,03 mmol/1 (0,01-0,06). Patients with higher paracetamol concentration had a lower concomitant PCA-morphine consumption (p=0.03). Conclusion: We found that the frequently used dosage of rectal paracetamol 1000 mg four times daily is too low. Although there seems to be a significant morphine sparing effect for the patients with highest paracetamol absorption this has to be confirmed in a study using increased paracetamol doses. COMPARISON OF ANALGESIC EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF PROPACETAMOL 2G AND ORAL ACETAMINOPHEN 1G IN POSTOPERATIVE DENTAL PAIN P. Lange Mailer''. A. Dillenschneider2', 0. Hiesse-Provost2', J. Insuasty2, S. Sindet-Pedersen'" - (SPON: F. Camborde). 'Dpt of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - Royal Dental School - Aarhus Univ, Aarhus, Denmark and clinical Research Dpt - Laboratoires UPSA / Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Rueil-Malmaison, France Aim of Investigation: To compare efficacy and safety of a single-dose of i.v. propacetamol 2g (PPA) (injectable prodrug of acetaminophen) administered as an infusion or an injection, oral acetaminophen Ig (APAP) and placebo (P) in postoperative dental pain. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study, 175 patients with moderate or severe pain following removal of impacted third molars were randomized. Pain intensity, pain relief (PR), time to perceptible and meaningful PR (double-click stopwatch method), time to remedication and safety were evaluated over a 6-hour postdose period. Inf. n=50 PPA Inj. n=50 APAP n-50 P TOTPAR (mean) (1) MaxPR (mean) (1) SPID (mean) (1) MaxPID (mean) (1) 9.35a 2.66a 3.50a 1.34a 8.78a 2.70a 2.77a 1.28a 9.70a 2.64a 4.07a 1.38a 5.02b 1.44b 0.71b 0.64b Nber of patients with onset (2)n (%) (1) Median time to onset (2(min) (1) 47 (94)a 5b 47 (94)a 3a 45 (90)a lie 14(56)b 13bc Median time to remed. (hrs:min) (1) No longer difference from P for PR (hrs) 2:51b 3 3:00ab 4 4:38a 4 1:08c (1) -. Mediansassosiated with iff. letters (2) - ; time to perceptible PR when confirmed by a meaningful PR All active treatments were significantly superior to P for P1D, PR and PRID and at 15, 30 and 45 minutes PPA was significantly superior to APAP. PPA was generally well tolerated. Conclusion: PPA is an effective and fast acting analgesic drug with time to onset of analgesia of around 5 minutes. PPA provides greater relief in the earlier time period than APAP. A LARGE-SCALE RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL COMPARING THE TOLERANCE OF IBUPROFEN, PARACETAMOL AND ASPIRIN FOR SHORT-TERM ANALGESIA: METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS N. Moore. E. Van Ganse, J.-M. Le Pare, R. Wall, F. Pelen, H. Schneid, M. Farhan, F. Verriere, (SPON : F. Hirszowski), Dept of Rheumatology, Hopital A. Pare, 92104 Boulogne-Billancourt, France. Aim of Investigation: Aspirin, ibuprofen and paracetamol are first-line OTC analgesics. Little is known about the relative risks associated with the use of these drugs in first-line analgesia. It was therefore decided to conduct a randomized controlled blinded study using primarily patient generated data, in France. Methods: 1300 GPs were to enroll up to 9 patients each, for common pain indications requiring the daily use of analgesics - aspirin or paracetamol (each up to 3g daily) or ibuprofen (up to 1.2g daily) - for at least one day and up to 7 days. Randomization was through central treatment allocation. Patients used a diary to record drug use and adverse events. To ensure compliance with this procedure, the GPs called patients after one and 7 days, but there was no further visit unless medically justified. The primary endpoint was the rate of significant adverse events (serious, severe or moderate events, or events resulting in treatment discontinuation or second GP consultation). All events were reviewed blindly by a Study Safety Committee. Results: 1147 GPs enrolled a total of 8677 patients. Inclusion data were similar across the study groups: 32% of indications were musculo-skclctal pain, 20% cold or flu, 16% low back pain, 11% sore throat, 10% headache. Mean patient age was 43.5 (SD 14.8), 58.1 % were women. Concerning primary outcome data, 44 patients (0.5%) were unevaluable, leaving 8633 evaluable patients, 8233 (95%) being per-protocol. Conclusion: This large-scale study of short-term treatment provided high quality patient-generated data, with very few patients lost to follow-up or with missing data. Acknowledgments: Drs R. Wall and M. Farhan are employees of Boots Healthcare International UK, Drs F. Pelen, H. Schncid, F. Vemere, are employees of Boots Healthcare France. EFFICACY OF CELECOXIB IN TREATING ACUTE FLARE PAIN IN OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE KNEE Roland Moskowitz, Abraham Sunshine, Emmett Woods, David Callison, William Zhao, Andrew Brugger. G. Steven Geis (SPON: Nancy Z. Olson), G.D. Searle Clinical Research, 4901 Searle Pkwy, A-3E, Skokie, IL 60077 Aim of Investigation: To assess the efficacy ofcelecoxib in treating pain of acute flare ofosteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Methods: Patient Outcome Questionnaire from the American Pain Society (APS) administered pretreatment and on each of the first seven days of treatment in two identical studies of patients with documented OA flare secondary to discontinuation of anti-inflammatory/analgesic medication. Patients received either placebo (n=145 and 169 in Studies 1 and 2, respectively), celecoxib 100 mg BID (n=143 and 165), celecoxib 200 mg BID (n=141 and 159),ornaproxen 500 mg BID (n= 144 and 169). Results: Two of the five APS measures are shown below: Both celecoxib doses were statistically distinguished from placebo: in Study 1, on all days after Day 1; in Study 2, on all post-baseline days in "Average Pain" (except 100 mg BID on day 2) and on all days after Day 2 in "Worst Pain." Results in the other components of the Questionnaire were similar. Conclusions: As shown by these replicate trials, celecoxib is efficacious in treating short-term pain in flare ofOA of the knee. Acknowledgment: Supported by G.D. Searle & Co. FASTER ONSET OF ANALGES1A WITH EFFERVESCENT ACETAMINOPHEN (EFFERALGAN) COMPARED TO NON EFFERVESCENT ACETAMINOPHEN. A DOUBLE BLIND PLACEBO CONTROLLED STUDY. SE Nerholt'. H Ganry2', L Skoglund'', JH Insuasty2, S Sindet-Pedersen'', J Tagesen'', F Vincent2', PL M0ller''(SPON: A. Cloarec). 'Dpt of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery- Royal Dental School - Aarhus Univ, Aarhus, Denmark and clinical Research -Laboratoires UPSA / Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Rueil-Malmaison, France. Aim of Investigation: To determine and compare onset ofanalgesia and global analgesic efficacy of effervescent (eff) acetaminophen (APAP) (Efferalgan) and non-effAPAP. Methods: In a prospective, parallel, double-blind design, patients with moderate to severe pain after third molar extraction, were randomly assigned to receive eff APAP Ig, non-effAPAP Ig, eff placebo (P) and non-effP. Time to perceptible pain relief (PPR) and to meaningful pain relief (MPR) were collected using a stopwatch. Pain intensity (PI-100mm VAS), pain relief (PR-5 point verbal scale) and time to re-medication were assessed over a 6-hour post-dose period efr n=60 non-eff+ n=60 Placebo effn=62 Placebo non-effn=60 Nber of patients with onset (1) n (%) (2) 42 (70)a 42 (70)a 12(19)b 9(15)b Median time toonset (1)(min) (2) 20a 45b - TOTPAR (mean) (2) 3.71a 4.38a 0.76b 0.82b MaxPR (mean) (2) 1.98a 1.93a 0.69b 0.52b SP1D -VAS (mean) (2) 39.95a 37.41a -52.54b -42.96b MaxPID-VAS (mean) (2) 24.85a 22.80a 4.97b 4.50b Median time toremed. (hrs:min)® 2:07a 2:41a 1:00b 1:00b (1) - time to PPR when confirmed by a MPR - (2) results associated with different Sellers are significantly different - + 2 x 500 mg Compared to non eff APAP significant differences favoring eff APAP were observed in PR, PID and PRID during the first 45 minutes after administration. Conclusion: Eff APAP (Efferalgan) provides faster pain relief than non-effAPAP. The median time of onset ofanalgesia was considerably shorter, 25 min, as compared with non-effAPAP. TREATMENT OF ACUTE LOW BACK PAIN WITH NIMESULIDE: RESULTS OF A DOUBLE-BLIND COMPARATIVE TRIAL VERSUS IBUPROFEN T. Pohjolamen. A. Jekunen, L. Autio, H. Vuorela, (SPON: M. Kumenius), Jorvi Hospital, Rehabilitation Unit, Turuntie 150, 02740 Espoo, Finland Aim of Investigation: To define a difference between two drugs on the occurrence of efficacy determined as a relief of lumbosacral back pain or pain related symptoms and to record side-effects occurring during the treatment. In the previous randomized controlled trials it is reported that there is strong evidence that NSAIDs are more effective than a placebo in patients with uncomplicated acute LBP. The efficacy and tolerability of a new COX-2-selective anti-inflammatory drug is unknown. Methods: A total of 104 patients aged 18-65 years suffering from acute LBP were entered in the study. The patients were randomly allocated to one of two treatment schedules: nimesulide tablets 100 mg twice daily for ten days or ibuprofen 600 mg three times daily for ten days. Functional status was assessed by the Oswestry low-back-pain disability questionnaire at baseline and 24 h, 3 days, 7 days and 10 days after the first tablet. Visual analogue scale was used at baseline, 24 h, 3 days, 7 days and 10 days by modified Million index. Physical examinations, bending measures tests were scheduled at base line, on the 7th and on the 10th day. Details of any side-effects reported were also noted at each visit. Results: For both study therapies, there was a clear improvement in all measured parameters of pain and back function from the third day of treatment. The changes in the patients' capacity for daily tasks assessed by the Oswestry questionnaire showed improvement for both groups (P< 0.05). At ten days of treatment, a statistical significant difference was found between the two groups (P=0.026) in favor of the nimesulide group. Nimesulide was more effective than ibuprofen in lateral bending measurements with P value of 0.026. In case of modified Schober's test for spinal flexion, improvements were noted in both treatment groups at similar degree. Both nimesulide and ibuprofen gave an early and sustained reduction in mean pain intensity and back stiffness scores as recorded on the VAS scale. No statistical significant difference was observed between the treatment groups. More gastrointestinal side-effects were related in ibuprofen than nimesulide while nimesulide had more general type of side-effects, like tircdness and dizziness. Adverse effects in gastrointestinal tract were met more frequently in the patient group receiving ibuprofen than the group receiving nimesulide but were mild to moderate in severity. The comparison showed a statistically indicative significance (p=0.067) for the difference in occurrence of gastrointestinal adverse effects in patients receiving ibuprofen or nimesulide. Conclusions: The results of this study confirm that the newer COX-2 selective inhibitor, nimesulide is an effective and well tolerated agent in the general practice management of acute LBP. Serious adverse events were reported in neither treatment group. Some more patients treated with nimesulide reported general type of side-effects and the incidence of gastrointestinal side-effects (in number and severeness) was less with nimesulide than with ibuprofen. Acknowledgments: Rhone-Poulenc Rorer EFFICACY OF CELECOXIB IN TREATING ACUTE FLARE PAIN IN OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE HIP Abraham Sunshine. Roland Moskowitz, Emmett Woods, William Zhao, Andrew Brugger, G. Steven Geis, G.D. Searle Clinical Research, 4901 Searle Pkwy, A-3E, Skokie, IL 60077 Aim of Investigation: To assess the efficacy ofcelecoxib in treating pain of acute flare ofosteoarthritis (OA) of the hip. Methods: American Pain Society (APS) Patient Outcome Questionnaire administered pretreatment and on each of the first seven days of treatment in a study of patients with documented flare of OA of the hip secondary to discontinuation of anti-inflammatory/analgesic medication. Patients received either placebo (n=211), celecoxib 100 mg BID (n=205), celecoxib 200 mg BID (n=206), ornaproxen 500 mg BID (n=202). Results: Two of the five APS measures are shown below: Both celecoxib doses and naproxen were statistically distinguished from placebo on all post-baseline days in both measures. Results in the other components of the Questionnaire were similar. Conclusions: As shown in this trial, celecoxib is efficacious in treating acute pain in flare ofOA of the hip. ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF SINGLE IV DOSES OF PARECOXIB, A COX-2 SPECIFIC INHIBITOR, AND TORADOL® IN POSTOPERATIVE DENTAL PAIN Michael Kuss. Donald Mehlisch, Alicia Bauman, Doug Baum, Benjamin Schwartz, SCIREX, Austin, TX, G.D. Searle, Skokie, IL Aim of Investigation: To compare the efficacy of intravenous (IV) dosesofparecoxib(P)(l,2,5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 mg), with Tora-dol® ketorolac (T) (30 mg) and placebo (PBO) in patients with pain following third molar surgery. Methods: Times to perceptible and meaningful pain relief were used to determine time to onset ofanalgesia. Treatments were assessed over 24 hrs using standard scales for pain intensity and relief. Results: All active treatments were significantly superior to PBO except for PI and P2 for time to onset of pain relief (PBO >24 hrs, T 12min,Pl>24hrs,P2>24hrs,P5 21min, P10 26min, P20 1 Imin, P50 1 Imin and PI 00 9min). Times to perceptible and meaningful pain relief showed similar results. The times to rescue medication for P50 and PI 00 were significantly longer than the other treatments (10:34 H:Min and 13:32 H:Min). P20 and T had similar (8:02 H:Min and 7:53 H:Min) times to rescue medication. Percent of patients not requiring rescue medication over the 24hr period were similar for PBO, T, PI, P2, and P10 (2 - 9.8%) but were higher for the other treatments (P5 19.6%, P20 20%, P50 43.1% and P100 45.1%). Standard efficacy measures (P1D, PR and PRID) yielded similar results. Conclusions: Parecoxib and Toradol were significantly superior to PBO in onset and duration and other efficacy measures (except PI, P2), and were not different from each other. These data are consistent with data reported previously in an IM dental pain study. Acknowledgments: This research was sponsored by G.D. Searle & Co. ONSET AND DURATION OF ANALGESIA OF SINGLE IM DOSES OF PARECOXIB, A COX-2 SPECIFIC INHIBITOR, AND TORADOL* IN POSTOPERATIVE DENTAL PAIN Donald Mehlisch. Michael Kuss, Alicia Bauman, Doug Baum, Benjamin Schwartz, SCIREX, Austin, TX, G.D. Searle, Skokie, IL. Aim of Investigation: To compare the efficacy of intramuscular (IM) doses ofparecoxib (P) (1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 mg), with IM doses of Toradol ketorolac (T) (30 mg) and placebo (PBO) in patients with pain following third molar surgery. Methods: Times to perceptible and meaningful pain relief were used to determine time to onset ofanalgesia. Treatments were assessed over 24 hrs using standard scales for pain intensity and pain relief. Results: All active treatments were significantly superior to PBO except for PI for time to onset of pain relief (PBO >24 hrs, T 14min, P1>24 hrs, P2 1 lOmin, P5 >24hrs, P10 25min and P20 14min). P20 and K were significantly better than the others but were not different from each other. Times to perceptible and meaningful pain relief showed similar results. The times to rescue medication showed the same pattern, PI was not different from PBO and all other groups were. P20 and T had the longest (7:41 H:Min and 8:02 H:Min, respectively) times to rescue medication. These times were not significantly different. Percent of patients not requiring rescue medication following the single dose over the 24hr period were similar for all treatments (8-16%) except for P20 at 34%. Standard efficacy measures (PID, PR and PRID) yielded similar results. Conclusions: Parecoxib and Toradol were significantly superior to PBO in onset, duration, time to meaningful and perceptible pain relief (except PI), and were not different from each other. Acknowledgments: This research was sponsored by G.D. Searle & Co. VARIABILITY IN HUMAN RESPONSE TO NSAIDs: INVOLVEMENT OF SEX HORMONES. John Carmody. Belinda Giles*, Judith Walker, Physiology & Pharmacology, Univ. of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia Aim: To determine if sex hormones, not gender, per se, are the determinants of females' refractoriness to the analgesic effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Methods: Detection and tolerance thresholds for electrically-induced pain in the earlobe were measured in healthy subjects (aged 19 to 57) to study gender differences in the analgesic effects ofibuprofen. Drug (400mg and SOOmg) and placebo were administered once each in a double blind, randomized design. Venous blood was collected for determination of drug concentrations and pharmacokinetic variables. Results were analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measures, using baseline pain as a covariate. Results: The principal finding was that there are two distinct groups of subjects, one responding to drug treatment (termed Re-sponders) and one that does not (Non-Responders). This outcome accords with results in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid patients as well as experimental inflammation. Interestingly, the proportion of young female subjects in the Non-Responders group was higher than the proportion of young males (38% cf20%). This appears to validate our hypothesis that gender is an issue in interindividual response variability to NSAIDs. There were essentially no pharmacokinetic differences between subject groups, except that females had a greater volume of distribution for ibuprofen (SOOmg). This difference confirms our previous reports and may have been due to gender differences in the partitioning of body water or binding of the drug to plasma proteins. In the females striking differences in analgesic responsiveness were observed at different phases of the menstrual cycle. In both the follicular and menses phases there were high placebo responses in the drug Non-Responders compared to the Responders whereas there was no analgesic response for either subject category in the luteal phase (when levels of progesterone and oestrogen are at their highest). Conclusions: Sex steroids are likely to be an important influence on NSAID sensitivity. Further study is required of these hormonal influences on response and expectancy theory might prove a profitable approach. 9th WORLD CONGRESS ON PAIN, 1999, Vienna, Austria, p. 447 - 451	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28791
__label__cc	0.524348	0.475652	The Piqi Project 1. Short-term goals 1.1. Refactor command-line API 1.2. Refactor piqi server interfaces 1.3. Even better Protocol Buffers compatibility for Erlang and OCaml mappings 1.4. Packaging 2. Mid-term goals 2.1. Dynamic Protocol Buffers style extensions 2.2. Lexical support for multi-line string and binary literals in Piq 2.3. Support for message definitions in the Piqi language 3. Future ideas 3.1. Piqi support for other programming languages 3.2. Piqdoc — Piq document markup language 3.3. Piq language extensions 3.3.1. Protoquery — data query language for Piq 3.3.2. Macro-system and limited execution model 3.4. The Piq programming language The "Short-term goals" section contains the list of features that are planned for the next release. The "Mid-term goals" section lists things I consider working on in some not-so-distant future. If you would like to see something happening sooner rather than later, send me an email and I’ll adjust the priorities based on your request. Contributions are very welcome as well! The remaining sections form an incomplete list of high-level ideas for the Piqi project with no particular priorities or time estimates in mind. Piqi command-line API is due for refactoring. It has been evolving for over 3 years now and accumulated a fair number of inconsistencies. Following the command-line API refactoring, piqi-server interfaces need to go through an overhaul. The goal is to make them stable yet flexible enough for the next generation of bindings for various new languages. Handle unknown enum and variant field values like in Protocol Buffers: treat them as if the field value was missing. Pre-built Piqi binaries are provided for all major platforms. It would be useful to have them packaged using native package managers, such as Debian packages for Debian Linux or Homebrew for Mac OS X. (Debian and RPM packages are ready). At the moment, Piqi supports only static syntax-based extensions. Although static extensions can be used as a substitute for dynamic record extensions, sometimes, it makes things logistically harder than necessary than if Piqi supported dynamic execution-time extensions. The need for dynamic extensions usually arises in layered applications which protocols span several independent abstraction layers. Currently, Piq doesn’t support multi-line string and binary literals. Wrapped strings don’t look pretty and they are not very comfortable to deal with when viewing or editing. There should also be a way to pretty-print string literals so that they fit into 80 (or whatever number) of columns in order to prevent wrapping. Piqi supports definition of functions which is a model for two-way synchronous request-reply communication. This is a very useful abstraction. For instance, Piqi-RPC heavily relies on it. However, support for communication patterns is incomplete without the ability to define a simple asynchronous one-way communication often regarded as messages. Starting from 0.6.0 release, portable Piqi self-specification became stable enough to be used by various applications that want to work with .piqi modules. One possible application is adding Piqi support for other programming languages. For instance, it will be straightforward to implement Piqi compiler backends in practically any language. This way, Piqi-Erlang compiler can be written in Erlang, Piqi-Haskell compiler — in Haskell, Piqi-C compiler in Python, etc. Several potential candidates include: Haskell, Clojure, F#, C, JavaScipt and Go. Piq/Piqi is ready to support semi-structured data and there is a compelling application for it — documenting Piqi modules. Initially Piqdoc will support a minimum set of features equivalent to Markdown and implement only HTML output. But unlike Markdown, Restructured text, Ascii-doc and other similar systems, it will not rely on ASCII-based abbreviations and decorations. It will be extensible and somewhat similar to Scribble Piq syntax and data model are specially designed to allow easy addition of new language features. Piqi was originally started as a different project named Protoquery. The idea was to make a query language/engine for Google Protocol Buffers but it hasn’t been finished as the project’s direction had changed. In the meantime, the original idea is becoming even more interesting, because Piqi offers more general and elegant data model compared to Protocol Buffers. It would be quite exciting to develop a query language around Piqi data model. The first step would be to implement the ability to locate and match Piq objects and sub-objects using pattern matching and path expressions. There is a mailing list conversation that contains some more information about it. Once we have a foreign function interface for Protoquery, it would be interesting to implement Lisp-like macros and some limited execution model for the Piq language. There is a chance that Piq evolves to a fully-featured (functional) programming language. At least I would love to have a programming language that natively supports Piqi data model. © Copyright 2010–2016 Anton Lavrik Except where otherwise noted the content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. This website is powered by WordPress.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28795
__label__wiki	0.934207	0.934207	newswire article reposts united states 25.Jun.2004 05:07 FBI officials contradict boss Ashcroft's testimony to 9-11 comm.: Ash. ignored terror warn author: msnbc The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States wrapped up its public hearings with a two-day session on June 16 and 17. They face an Ascroft lie. What will they do? At issue is a July 5, 2001, meeting between Ashcroft and acting FBI Director Tom Pickard..."When you get two people coming forth and basically challenging a sworn statement by the attorney general regarding a critical meeting in the history of the 9/11 event, you raise serious questions about the Attorney General's truthfulness," says Paul Light, a government reform expert and New York University professor. [And there's a lot more than just this one that he has ignored all through the summer, despite taking private security arrangements for himself and avoiding commercial jets from the point onward.] 'I swear to tell a lie, a big lie, & nothing except lies.' Ask away! June 22: FBI officials have contradicted testimony by Attorney General John Ashcroft to the 9/11 commission about whether he brushed off terrorism warnings. NBC's Lisa Myers reports. Did Ashcroft brush off terror warnings? NBC exclusive: 9/11 commission interviews FBI officials who contradict Ashcroft testimony By Lisa Myers Senior investigative correspondent Updated: 7:32 p.m. ET June 22, 2004 WASHINGTON - The 9/11 commission is busy writing its final report, but is still investigating critical facts, including the conduct of U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft. NBC News has learned that the commission has interviewed two FBI officials who contradict sworn testimony by Ashcroft, about whether he brushed off terrorism warnings in the summer of 2001. In the critical months before Sept. 11, did Ashcroft dismiss threats of an al-Qaida attack in this country? At issue is a July 5, 2001, meeting between Ashcroft and acting FBI Director Tom Pickard. That month, the threat of an al-Qaida attack was so high, the White House summoned the FBI and domestic agencies, and warned them to be on alert. Yet, Pickard testified to the 9/11 commission that when he tried to brief Ashcroft just a week later, on July 12, about the terror threat inside the United States, he got the brush-off. "Mr. Ashcroft told you that he did not want to hear about this anymore," Democratic commission member Richard Ben-Veniste asked on April 13. "Is that correct?" "That is correct," Pickard replied. Testifying under oath the same day, Ashcroft categorically denied the allegation, saying, "I did never speak to him saying that I didn't want to hear about terrorism." [ouch~ nervous double negative?] However, another senior FBI official tells NBC News he vividly recalls Pickard returning from the meeting that day furious that Ashcroft had cut short the terrorism briefing. This official, now retired, has talked to the 9/11 commission. NBC News has learned that commission investigators also tracked down another FBI witness at the meeting that day, Ruben Garcia, head of the Criminal Division at that time. Several sources familiar with the investigation say Garcia confirmed to the commission that Ashcroft did indeed dismiss Pickard's warnings about al-Qaida. "When you get two people coming forth and basically challenging a sworn statement by the attorney general regarding a critical meeting in the history of the 9/11 event, you raise serious questions about the Attorney General's truthfulness," says Paul Light, a government reform expert and New York University professor. Ashcroft's version of events is supported by his top aide, who attended the meeting. But another Justice official also there who Ashcroft's office claimed would dispute Pickard's account says he doesn't remember. "I do not recall the conversation that interim director Pickard referred to," says former Deputy Attorney General Larry Thompson. Experts say that in the context of Sept. 11, the issue is not trivial. "Was there a communications breakdown between the FBI and the Department of Justice, at the highest levels of each agency?" asks former Justice Department Inspector General Michael Bromwich. Ashcroft's spokesman dismissed the allegations Tuesday, saying, "The suggestion that the attorney general wasn't concerned about terrorism is absurd." He says if Ashcroft was ever short with FBI officials, it was because "he was unhappy with the quality of information he was getting." Pickard did brief Ashcroft on terrorism four more times that summer, but sources say the acting FBI director never mentioned the word al-Qaida again in Ashcroft's presence until after Sept. 11. http://msnbc.msn.com/id/5271234/	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28800
__label__wiki	0.852085	0.852085	Twins Peaks “Cawfee” and “St. Vulgar St.” Twin Peaks have release two lyric video for the tracks, “Cawfee” and “St. Vulgar St.” from their forthcoming 7” which is being released via Grand Jury on February 14th. Both videos feature the talented James Swanberg attempting to karaoke to the song without having previously heard them. The band will touring the Midwest this March with likeminded local band Rookie. Published: January 17, 2020 \| Twins Peaks Band name: THE WHIPS FULL Artist Facebook address (http://...): Music streaming link: https://thewhips.bandcamp.com/track/forever Band email: thewhipsPHL@gmail.com Gal Gun "Beauty Community" Garage Rock group Gal Gun kicked off 2020 by releasing a new EP called “Beauty Community”. This is the first new music from the group since 2018’s Special Music of Emotion. Our favorite track on first listen is the catchy and fun closer, “Pizza Community”. Beauty Community by Gal Gun Keep calm with Dropper's garage rock, see them at Rough Trade 1.15 Garage rock four piece Dropper’s debut EP is a sun-drenched, nonchalant release, marching forward at an easygoing pace, bright guitar work and a muted-yet-emotional vocal performances in hand. Even during the release’s most heated moments, such as the shredding breakdowns on “$2 Beer,” Dropper manages to keep their sound centered and energetic, endowing their self-titled effort with an atmosphere that is engaging, never cacophonous. It’s a difficult task to produce guitar-driven rock that spirals outwards as a means of creating a compelling listen, but Dropper are confident keeping things calmly focused; listen to it below, and see the band perform at Rough Trade on January 15th, opening for THICK. —Connor Beckett McInerney Dropper by Dropper Town Criers III Garage Rock group Town Criers recently released second EP of the year and their third overall, Town Criers III. The band was interviewed by Jennifer Machuca for Music Why Not! two years ago after having just released their first two singles, and you can relive that full interview below. Town Criers III by Town Criers	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28801
__label__cc	0.523678	0.476322	SHARE THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY VIA SOCIAL MEDIA Bibliography on: Kin Selection ESP: PubMed Auto Bibliography 18 Jan 2020 at 01:40 Created: Wikipedia: Kin selection is the evolutionary strategy that favours the reproductive success of an organism's relatives, even at a cost to the organism's own survival and reproduction. Kin altruism is altruistic behaviour whose evolution is driven by kin selection. Kin selection is an instance of inclusive fitness, which combines the number of offspring produced with the number an individual can produce by supporting others, such as siblings. Charles Darwin discussed the concept of kin selection in his 1859 book, The Origin of Species, where he reflected on the puzzle of sterile social insects, such as honey bees, which leave reproduction to their mothers, arguing that a selection benefit to related organisms (the same "stock") would allow the evolution of a trait that confers the benefit but destroys an individual at the same time. R.A. Fisher in 1930 and J.B.S. Haldane in 1932 set out the mathematics of kin selection, with Haldane famously joking that he would willingly die for two brothers or eight cousins. In 1964, W.D. Hamilton popularised the concept and the major advance in the mathematical treatment of the phenomenon by George R. Price which has become known as "Hamilton's rule". In the same year John Maynard Smith used the actual term kin selection for the first time. According to Hamilton's rule, kin selection causes genes to increase in frequency when the genetic relatedness of a recipient to an actor multiplied by the benefit to the recipient is greater than the reproductive cost to the actor. Created with PubMed® Query: "kin selection" or "inclusive fitness" NOT pmcbook NOT ispreviousversion Citations The Papers (from PubMed®) RevDate: 2020-01-16 Frank SA (1997) Cytoplasmic Incompatibility and Population Structure. Journal of theoretical biology, 184(3):327-330. Wolbachiais a maternally inherited bacterial infection common in many insects. These bacteria cause cytoplasmic incompatibility, in which a cross between an infected male and an uninfected female is sterile. Infected females are always fertile, suggesting that an infected male produces a sterilizing product against which infected females are protected. This sterility trait is an evolutionary puzzle because it acts in males, but males never transmit the parasites. Previous work has suggested that the parasite gains by reducing the fecundity of uninfected females, thereby increasing the relative reproductive rate of infected females. This argument depends on kin selection effects: the parasite in the male does not reproduce, but can aid related parasites in neighbouring females. Formal population genetic models have failed to confirm the verbal kin selection models. Those models assumed pleiotropic gene action whereby incompatibility evolves as a correlated effect of other fitness components. A formal model presented here supports the original kin selection theories. This new model also suggests an explanation for observed variation in the degree of incompatibility amongWolbachiastrains isolated fromDrosophila simulans. Additional Links: PMID-31940742 this document via DOI this document \| related \| cited-by search Google Scholar on this document's title show bibtex listing hide bibtex listing @article {pmid31940742, author = {Frank, SA}, title = {Cytoplasmic Incompatibility and Population Structure.}, journal = {Journal of theoretical biology}, doi = {10.1006/jtbi.1996.0276}, pmid = {31940742}, abstract = {Wolbachiais a maternally inherited bacterial infection common in many insects. These bacteria cause cytoplasmic incompatibility, in which a cross between an infected male and an uninfected female is sterile. Infected females are always fertile, suggesting that an infected male produces a sterilizing product against which infected females are protected. This sterility trait is an evolutionary puzzle because it acts in males, but males never transmit the parasites. Previous work has suggested that the parasite gains by reducing the fecundity of uninfected females, thereby increasing the relative reproductive rate of infected females. This argument depends on kin selection effects: the parasite in the male does not reproduce, but can aid related parasites in neighbouring females. Formal population genetic models have failed to confirm the verbal kin selection models. Those models assumed pleiotropic gene action whereby incompatibility evolves as a correlated effect of other fitness components. A formal model presented here supports the original kin selection theories. This new model also suggests an explanation for observed variation in the degree of incompatibility amongWolbachiastrains isolated fromDrosophila simulans.}, Komatsu H, Kubota H, Tanaka N, et al (2020) Designing information provision to serve as a reminder of altruistic benefits: A case study of the risks of air pollution caused by industrialization. PloS one, 15(1):e0227024 pii:PONE-D-19-17781. A well-known phenomenon is that humans perceive risks to threaten future generations as more dangerous in many cases. However, this tendency could be changed depending on certain conditions and could potentially be explained by the evolution of altruism. Our multi-agent simulation model, which was constructed to identify attributes contributing to subjective assessment of a risk source based on kin selection theory, showed that support from relatives can affect the agents' subjective risk assessment. We utilize this insight, which has never been explored in the context of nudge, to show that real-world messages reminding respondents that they are supported by their relatives can moderate the perception of a risk source as extremely dangerous. A randomized control trial based on an internet questionnaire survey was conducted to identify the intervention effect of such messages, using air pollution caused by industrialization as the risk source for the case study. Our analysis suggests that messages moderate extreme attitudes. Presentation of additional visual information can boost the sense of familial support and increase the effect of a message compared with a message comprising only textual information. The attributes and personality traits of the respondents who are responsive to the intervention message are also discussed. author = {Komatsu, H and Kubota, H and Tanaka, N and Ohashi, H}, title = {Designing information provision to serve as a reminder of altruistic benefits: A case study of the risks of air pollution caused by industrialization.}, journal = {PloS one}, pages = {e0227024}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0227024}, abstract = {A well-known phenomenon is that humans perceive risks to threaten future generations as more dangerous in many cases. However, this tendency could be changed depending on certain conditions and could potentially be explained by the evolution of altruism. Our multi-agent simulation model, which was constructed to identify attributes contributing to subjective assessment of a risk source based on kin selection theory, showed that support from relatives can affect the agents' subjective risk assessment. We utilize this insight, which has never been explored in the context of nudge, to show that real-world messages reminding respondents that they are supported by their relatives can moderate the perception of a risk source as extremely dangerous. A randomized control trial based on an internet questionnaire survey was conducted to identify the intervention effect of such messages, using air pollution caused by industrialization as the risk source for the case study. Our analysis suggests that messages moderate extreme attitudes. Presentation of additional visual information can boost the sense of familial support and increase the effect of a message compared with a message comprising only textual information. The attributes and personality traits of the respondents who are responsive to the intervention message are also discussed.}, Brucks D, AMP von Bayern (2019) Parrots Voluntarily Help Each Other to Obtain Food Rewards. Current biology : CB pii:S0960-9822(19)31469-1 [Epub ahead of print]. Helping others to obtain benefits, even at a cost to oneself, poses an evolutionary puzzle [1]. While kin selection explains such "selfless" acts among relatives, only reciprocity (paying back received favors) entails fitness benefits for unrelated individuals [2]. So far, experimental evidence for both prosocial helping (providing voluntary assistance for achieving an action-based goal) and reciprocity has been reported in a few mammals but no avian species [3]. In order to gain insights into the evolutionary origins of these behaviors, the capacity of non-mammalian species for prosociality and for reciprocity needs to be investigated. We tested two parrot species in an instrumental-helping paradigm involving "token transfer." Here, actors could provide tokens to their neighbor, who could exchange them with an experimenter for food. To verify whether the parrots understood the task's contingencies, we systematically varied the presence of a partner and the possibility for exchange. We found that African grey parrots voluntarily and spontaneously transferred tokens to conspecific partners, whereas significantly fewer transfers occurred in the control conditions. Transfers were affected by the strength of the dyads' affiliation and partially by the receivers' attention-getting behaviors. Furthermore, the birds reciprocated the help once the roles were reversed. Blue-headed macaws, in contrast, transferred hardly any tokens. Species differences in social tolerance might explain this discrepancy. These findings show that instrumental helping based on a prosocial attitude, accompanied but potentially not sustained by reciprocity, is present in parrots, suggesting that this capacity evolved convergently in this avian group and mammals. author = {Brucks, D and von Bayern, AMP}, title = {Parrots Voluntarily Help Each Other to Obtain Food Rewards.}, journal = {Current biology : CB}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.030}, abstract = {Helping others to obtain benefits, even at a cost to oneself, poses an evolutionary puzzle [1]. While kin selection explains such "selfless" acts among relatives, only reciprocity (paying back received favors) entails fitness benefits for unrelated individuals [2]. So far, experimental evidence for both prosocial helping (providing voluntary assistance for achieving an action-based goal) and reciprocity has been reported in a few mammals but no avian species [3]. In order to gain insights into the evolutionary origins of these behaviors, the capacity of non-mammalian species for prosociality and for reciprocity needs to be investigated. We tested two parrot species in an instrumental-helping paradigm involving "token transfer." Here, actors could provide tokens to their neighbor, who could exchange them with an experimenter for food. To verify whether the parrots understood the task's contingencies, we systematically varied the presence of a partner and the possibility for exchange. We found that African grey parrots voluntarily and spontaneously transferred tokens to conspecific partners, whereas significantly fewer transfers occurred in the control conditions. Transfers were affected by the strength of the dyads' affiliation and partially by the receivers' attention-getting behaviors. Furthermore, the birds reciprocated the help once the roles were reversed. Blue-headed macaws, in contrast, transferred hardly any tokens. Species differences in social tolerance might explain this discrepancy. These findings show that instrumental helping based on a prosocial attitude, accompanied but potentially not sustained by reciprocity, is present in parrots, suggesting that this capacity evolved convergently in this avian group and mammals.}, Chaves ÓM, Martins V, Camaratta D, et al (2020) Successful adoption of an orphan infant in a wild group of brown howler monkeys. Primates; journal of primatology pii:10.1007/s10329-019-00785-2 [Epub ahead of print]. The rarity of infant adoption in wild primates compromises our understanding of its consequences for the participating individuals. We report the first case of successful infant adoption in a wild group of brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans). We evaluated the potential costs of the behavior for the adoptive mother by comparing her activity budget and diet before and after the adoption. On 18 June 2013, a domestic dog killed the mother of a 2-month-old male infant (Victorio) as she attempted to cross a canopy gap. Victorio was immediately rescued from her belly by a researcher and released in a climber near another infant-carrying female (Sofia, his likely grandmother). Sofia recovered him 2 min later. She carried and breastfed both infants during the next 4 weeks, when her own infant disappeared. We monitored Victorio until he reached adulthood in March 2018. Sofia fed more (mainly on immature leaves) when she nursed only Victorio than when nursing only her own or both infants. Assuming that the disappearance of Sofia's own infant was unrelated to the adoption of Victorio, we conclude that his successful adoption may contribute to Sofia's inclusive fitness if he sires his own infants. author = {Chaves, ÓM and Martins, V and Camaratta, D and Bicca-Marques, JC}, title = {Successful adoption of an orphan infant in a wild group of brown howler monkeys.}, journal = {Primates; journal of primatology}, doi = {10.1007/s10329-019-00785-2}, support = {PQ # 303154/2009-8, 303306/2013-0 and 304475/2018-1//Brazilian National Research Council/ ; 2755/2010//Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/ ; 1464332//Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/ ; }, abstract = {The rarity of infant adoption in wild primates compromises our understanding of its consequences for the participating individuals. We report the first case of successful infant adoption in a wild group of brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans). We evaluated the potential costs of the behavior for the adoptive mother by comparing her activity budget and diet before and after the adoption. On 18 June 2013, a domestic dog killed the mother of a 2-month-old male infant (Victorio) as she attempted to cross a canopy gap. Victorio was immediately rescued from her belly by a researcher and released in a climber near another infant-carrying female (Sofia, his likely grandmother). Sofia recovered him 2 min later. She carried and breastfed both infants during the next 4 weeks, when her own infant disappeared. We monitored Victorio until he reached adulthood in March 2018. Sofia fed more (mainly on immature leaves) when she nursed only Victorio than when nursing only her own or both infants. Assuming that the disappearance of Sofia's own infant was unrelated to the adoption of Victorio, we conclude that his successful adoption may contribute to Sofia's inclusive fitness if he sires his own infants.}, Martinig AR, McAdam AG, Dantzer B, et al (2019) The new kid on the block: immigrant males win big whereas females pay fitness cost after dispersal. Dispersal is nearly universal; yet, which sex tends to disperse more and their success thereafter depends on the fitness consequences of dispersal. We asked if lifetime fitness differed between residents and immigrants (successful between-population dispersers) and their offspring using 29 years of monitoring from North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) in Canada. Compared to residents, immigrant females had 23% lower lifetime breeding success (LBS), while immigrant males had 29% higher LBS. Male immigration and female residency were favoured. Offspring born to immigrants had 15-43% lower LBS than offspring born to residents. We conclude that immigration benefitted males, but not females, which appeared to be making the best of a bad lot. Our results are in line with male-biased dispersal being driven by local mate competition and local resource enhancement, while the intergenerational cost to immigration is a new complication in explaining the drivers of sex-biased dispersal. author = {Martinig, AR and McAdam, AG and Dantzer, B and Lane, JE and Coltman, DW and Boutin, S}, title = {The new kid on the block: immigrant males win big whereas females pay fitness cost after dispersal.}, journal = {Ecology letters}, doi = {10.1111/ele.13436}, abstract = {Dispersal is nearly universal; yet, which sex tends to disperse more and their success thereafter depends on the fitness consequences of dispersal. We asked if lifetime fitness differed between residents and immigrants (successful between-population dispersers) and their offspring using 29 years of monitoring from North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) in Canada. Compared to residents, immigrant females had 23% lower lifetime breeding success (LBS), while immigrant males had 29% higher LBS. Male immigration and female residency were favoured. Offspring born to immigrants had 15-43% lower LBS than offspring born to residents. We conclude that immigration benefitted males, but not females, which appeared to be making the best of a bad lot. Our results are in line with male-biased dispersal being driven by local mate competition and local resource enhancement, while the intergenerational cost to immigration is a new complication in explaining the drivers of sex-biased dispersal.}, Nattrass S, Croft DP, Ellis S, et al (2019) Postreproductive killer whale grandmothers improve the survival of their grandoffspring. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Epub ahead of print]. Understanding why females of some mammalian species cease ovulation prior to the end of life is a long-standing interdisciplinary and evolutionary challenge. In humans and some species of toothed whales, females can live for decades after stopping reproduction. This unusual life history trait is thought to have evolved, in part, due to the inclusive fitness benefits that postreproductive females gain by helping kin. In humans, grandmothers gain inclusive fitness benefits by increasing their number of surviving grandoffspring, referred to as the grandmother effect. Among toothed whales, the grandmother effect has not been rigorously tested. Here, we test for the grandmother effect in killer whales, by quantifying grandoffspring survival with living or recently deceased reproductive and postreproductive grandmothers, and show that postreproductive grandmothers provide significant survival benefits to their grandoffspring above that provided by reproductive grandmothers. This provides evidence of the grandmother effect in a nonhuman menopausal species. By stopping reproduction, grandmothers avoid reproductive conflict with their daughters, and offer increased benefits to their grandoffspring. The benefits postreproductive grandmothers provide to their grandoffspring are shown to be most important in difficult times where the salmon abundance is low to moderate. The postreproductive grandmother effect we report, together with the known costs of late-life reproduction in killer whales, can help explain the long postreproductive life spans of resident killer whales. author = {Nattrass, S and Croft, DP and Ellis, S and Cant, MA and Weiss, MN and Wright, BM and Stredulinsky, E and Doniol-Valcroze, T and Ford, JKB and Balcomb, KC and Franks, DW}, title = {Postreproductive killer whale grandmothers improve the survival of their grandoffspring.}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, abstract = {Understanding why females of some mammalian species cease ovulation prior to the end of life is a long-standing interdisciplinary and evolutionary challenge. In humans and some species of toothed whales, females can live for decades after stopping reproduction. This unusual life history trait is thought to have evolved, in part, due to the inclusive fitness benefits that postreproductive females gain by helping kin. In humans, grandmothers gain inclusive fitness benefits by increasing their number of surviving grandoffspring, referred to as the grandmother effect. Among toothed whales, the grandmother effect has not been rigorously tested. Here, we test for the grandmother effect in killer whales, by quantifying grandoffspring survival with living or recently deceased reproductive and postreproductive grandmothers, and show that postreproductive grandmothers provide significant survival benefits to their grandoffspring above that provided by reproductive grandmothers. This provides evidence of the grandmother effect in a nonhuman menopausal species. By stopping reproduction, grandmothers avoid reproductive conflict with their daughters, and offer increased benefits to their grandoffspring. The benefits postreproductive grandmothers provide to their grandoffspring are shown to be most important in difficult times where the salmon abundance is low to moderate. The postreproductive grandmother effect we report, together with the known costs of late-life reproduction in killer whales, can help explain the long postreproductive life spans of resident killer whales.}, Thomas F, Giraudeau M, Renaud F, et al (2019) Can postfertile life stages evolve as an anticancer mechanism?. PLoS biology, 17(12):e3000565. Why a postfertile stage has evolved in females of some species has puzzled evolutionary biologists for over 50 years. We propose that existing adaptive explanations have underestimated in their formulation an important parameter operating both at the specific and the individual levels: the balance between cancer risks and cancer defenses. During their life, most multicellular organisms naturally accumulate oncogenic processes in their body. In parallel, reproduction, notably the pregnancy process in mammals, exacerbates the progression of existing tumors in females. When, for various ecological or evolutionary reasons, anticancer defenses are too weak, given cancer risk, older females could not pursue their reproduction without triggering fatal metastatic cancers, nor even maintain a normal reproductive physiology if the latter also promotes the growth of existing oncogenic processes, e.g., hormone-dependent malignancies. At least until stronger anticancer defenses are selected for in these species, females could achieve higher inclusive fitness by ceasing their reproduction and/or going through menopause (assuming that these traits are easier to select than anticancer defenses), thereby limiting the risk of premature death due to metastatic cancers. Because relatively few species experience such an evolutionary mismatch between anticancer defenses and cancer risks, the evolution of prolonged life after reproduction could also be a rare, potentially transient, anticancer adaptation in the animal kingdom. author = {Thomas, F and Giraudeau, M and Renaud, F and Ujvari, B and Roche, B and Pujol, P and Raymond, M and Lemaitre, JF and Alvergne, A}, title = {Can postfertile life stages evolve as an anticancer mechanism?.}, journal = {PLoS biology}, abstract = {Why a postfertile stage has evolved in females of some species has puzzled evolutionary biologists for over 50 years. We propose that existing adaptive explanations have underestimated in their formulation an important parameter operating both at the specific and the individual levels: the balance between cancer risks and cancer defenses. During their life, most multicellular organisms naturally accumulate oncogenic processes in their body. In parallel, reproduction, notably the pregnancy process in mammals, exacerbates the progression of existing tumors in females. When, for various ecological or evolutionary reasons, anticancer defenses are too weak, given cancer risk, older females could not pursue their reproduction without triggering fatal metastatic cancers, nor even maintain a normal reproductive physiology if the latter also promotes the growth of existing oncogenic processes, e.g., hormone-dependent malignancies. At least until stronger anticancer defenses are selected for in these species, females could achieve higher inclusive fitness by ceasing their reproduction and/or going through menopause (assuming that these traits are easier to select than anticancer defenses), thereby limiting the risk of premature death due to metastatic cancers. Because relatively few species experience such an evolutionary mismatch between anticancer defenses and cancer risks, the evolution of prolonged life after reproduction could also be a rare, potentially transient, anticancer adaptation in the animal kingdom.}, Gow EA, Arcese P, Dagenais D, et al (2019) Testing predictions of inclusive fitness theory in inbreeding relatives with biparental care. Proceedings. Biological sciences, 286(1916):20191933. Inclusive fitness theory predicts that parental care will vary with relatedness between potentially caring parents and offspring, potentially shaping mating system evolution. Systems with extra-pair paternity (EPP), and hence variable parent-brood relatedness, provide valuable opportunities to test this prediction. However, existing theoretical and empirical studies assume that a focal male is either an offspring's father with no inbreeding, or is completely unrelated. We highlight that this simple dichotomy does not hold given reproductive interactions among relatives, complicating the effect of EPP on parent-brood relatedness yet providing new opportunities to test inclusive fitness theory. Accordingly, we tested hierarchical hypotheses relating parental feeding rate to parent-brood relatedness, parent kinship and inbreeding, using song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) experiencing natural variation in relatedness. As predicted, male and female feeding rates increased with relatedness to a dependent brood, even controlling for brood size. Male feeding rate tended to decrease as paternity loss increased, and increased with increasing kinship and hence inbreeding between socially paired mates. We thereby demonstrate that variation in a key component of parental care concurs with subtle predictions from inclusive fitness theory. We additionally highlight that such effects can depend on the underlying social mating system, potentially generating status-specific costs of extra-pair reproduction. author = {Gow, EA and Arcese, P and Dagenais, D and Sardell, RJ and Wilson, S and Reid, JM}, title = {Testing predictions of inclusive fitness theory in inbreeding relatives with biparental care.}, journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences}, number = {1916}, pages = {20191933}, abstract = {Inclusive fitness theory predicts that parental care will vary with relatedness between potentially caring parents and offspring, potentially shaping mating system evolution. Systems with extra-pair paternity (EPP), and hence variable parent-brood relatedness, provide valuable opportunities to test this prediction. However, existing theoretical and empirical studies assume that a focal male is either an offspring's father with no inbreeding, or is completely unrelated. We highlight that this simple dichotomy does not hold given reproductive interactions among relatives, complicating the effect of EPP on parent-brood relatedness yet providing new opportunities to test inclusive fitness theory. Accordingly, we tested hierarchical hypotheses relating parental feeding rate to parent-brood relatedness, parent kinship and inbreeding, using song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) experiencing natural variation in relatedness. As predicted, male and female feeding rates increased with relatedness to a dependent brood, even controlling for brood size. Male feeding rate tended to decrease as paternity loss increased, and increased with increasing kinship and hence inbreeding between socially paired mates. We thereby demonstrate that variation in a key component of parental care concurs with subtle predictions from inclusive fitness theory. We additionally highlight that such effects can depend on the underlying social mating system, potentially generating status-specific costs of extra-pair reproduction.}, Fumagalli SE, SH Rice (2019) Stochasticity and non-additivity expose hidden evolutionary pathways to cooperation. PloS one, 14(12):e0225517. Cooperation is widespread across the tree of life, with examples ranging from vertebrates to lichens to multispecies biofilms. The initial evolution of such cooperation is likely to involve interactions that produce non-additive fitness effects among small groups of individuals in local populations. However, most models for the evolution of cooperation have focused on genealogically related individuals, assume that the factors influencing individual fitness are deterministic, that populations are very large, and that the benefits of cooperation increase linearly with the number of cooperative interactions. Here we show that stochasticity and non-additive interactions can facilitate the evolution of cooperation in small local groups. We derive a generalized model for the evolution of cooperation and show that if cooperation reduces the variance in individual fitness (separate from its effect on average fitness), this can aid in the evolution of cooperation through directional stochastic effects. In addition, we show that the potential for the evolution of cooperation is influenced by non-additivity in benefits with cooperation being more likely to evolve when the marginal benefit of a cooperative act increases with the number of such acts. Our model compliments traditional cooperation models (kin selection, reciprocal cooperation, green beard effect, etc.) and applies to a broad range of cooperative interactions seen in nature. author = {Fumagalli, SE and Rice, SH}, title = {Stochasticity and non-additivity expose hidden evolutionary pathways to cooperation.}, abstract = {Cooperation is widespread across the tree of life, with examples ranging from vertebrates to lichens to multispecies biofilms. The initial evolution of such cooperation is likely to involve interactions that produce non-additive fitness effects among small groups of individuals in local populations. However, most models for the evolution of cooperation have focused on genealogically related individuals, assume that the factors influencing individual fitness are deterministic, that populations are very large, and that the benefits of cooperation increase linearly with the number of cooperative interactions. Here we show that stochasticity and non-additive interactions can facilitate the evolution of cooperation in small local groups. We derive a generalized model for the evolution of cooperation and show that if cooperation reduces the variance in individual fitness (separate from its effect on average fitness), this can aid in the evolution of cooperation through directional stochastic effects. In addition, we show that the potential for the evolution of cooperation is influenced by non-additivity in benefits with cooperation being more likely to evolve when the marginal benefit of a cooperative act increases with the number of such acts. Our model compliments traditional cooperation models (kin selection, reciprocal cooperation, green beard effect, etc.) and applies to a broad range of cooperative interactions seen in nature.}, Clech L, Hazel A, MA Gibson (2019) Does Kin-Selection Theory Help to Explain Support Networks among Farmers in South-Central Ethiopia?. Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.), 30(4):422-447. Social support networks play a key role in human livelihood security, especially in vulnerable communities. Here we explore how evolutionary ideas of kin selection and intrahousehold resource competition can explain individual variation in daily support network size and composition in a south-central Ethiopian agricultural community. We consider both domestic and agricultural help across two generations with different wealth-transfer norms that yield different contexts for sibling competition. For farmers who inherited land rights from family, firstborns were more likely to report daily support from parents and to have larger nonparental kin networks (n = 180). Compared with other farmers, firstborns were also more likely to reciprocate their parents' support, and to help nonparental kin without reciprocity. For farmers who received land rights from the government (n = 151), middle-born farmers reported more nonparental kin in their support networks compared with other farmers; nonreciprocal interactions were particularly common in both directions. This suggests a diversification of adult support networks to nonparental kin, possibly in response to a long-term parental investment disadvantage of being middle-born sons. In all instances, regardless of inheritance, lastborn farmers were the most disadvantaged in terms of kin support. Overall, we found that nonreciprocal interactions among farmers followed kin selection predictions. Direct reciprocity explained a substantial part of the support received from kin, suggesting the importance of the combined effects of kin selection and reciprocity for investment from kin. author = {Clech, L and Hazel, A and Gibson, MA}, title = {Does Kin-Selection Theory Help to Explain Support Networks among Farmers in South-Central Ethiopia?.}, journal = {Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)}, support = {F/00182/BI//Leverhulme Trust Research Grant/ ; }, abstract = {Social support networks play a key role in human livelihood security, especially in vulnerable communities. Here we explore how evolutionary ideas of kin selection and intrahousehold resource competition can explain individual variation in daily support network size and composition in a south-central Ethiopian agricultural community. We consider both domestic and agricultural help across two generations with different wealth-transfer norms that yield different contexts for sibling competition. For farmers who inherited land rights from family, firstborns were more likely to report daily support from parents and to have larger nonparental kin networks (n = 180). Compared with other farmers, firstborns were also more likely to reciprocate their parents' support, and to help nonparental kin without reciprocity. For farmers who received land rights from the government (n = 151), middle-born farmers reported more nonparental kin in their support networks compared with other farmers; nonreciprocal interactions were particularly common in both directions. This suggests a diversification of adult support networks to nonparental kin, possibly in response to a long-term parental investment disadvantage of being middle-born sons. In all instances, regardless of inheritance, lastborn farmers were the most disadvantaged in terms of kin support. Overall, we found that nonreciprocal interactions among farmers followed kin selection predictions. Direct reciprocity explained a substantial part of the support received from kin, suggesting the importance of the combined effects of kin selection and reciprocity for investment from kin.}, Boesch L, R Berger (2019) Explaining Fairness : Results from an Experiment in Guinea. Fairness is undoubtedly an essential normative concept in humans and promotes cooperation in human societies. The fact that fairness exists is puzzling, however, because it works against the short-term interest of individuals. Theories of genetic evolution, cultural evolution, and gene-culture coevolution identify plausible mechanisms for the evolution of fairness in humans. Such mechanisms include kin selection, the support of group-beneficial moral norms through ethnic markers, free partner choice with equal outside options, and free partner choice with reputation as well as spite in small populations. Here, we present the results of a common-pool resource game experiment on sharing. Based on data from 37 multiethnic villages in a subsistence agricultural population in Foutah Djallon, Guinea, we show that fair behavior in our experiment increased with increasing ethnic homogeneity and market integration. Group size and kinship had the opposite effect. Overall, fair behavior was not conditional on reputation. Instead, the ability of the different village populations to support individuals' fairness in situations lacking the opportunity to build a positive reputation varied significantly. Our results suggest that evolutionary theory provides a useful framework for the analysis of fairness in humans. author = {Boesch, L and Berger, R}, title = {Explaining Fairness : Results from an Experiment in Guinea.}, abstract = {Fairness is undoubtedly an essential normative concept in humans and promotes cooperation in human societies. The fact that fairness exists is puzzling, however, because it works against the short-term interest of individuals. Theories of genetic evolution, cultural evolution, and gene-culture coevolution identify plausible mechanisms for the evolution of fairness in humans. Such mechanisms include kin selection, the support of group-beneficial moral norms through ethnic markers, free partner choice with equal outside options, and free partner choice with reputation as well as spite in small populations. Here, we present the results of a common-pool resource game experiment on sharing. Based on data from 37 multiethnic villages in a subsistence agricultural population in Foutah Djallon, Guinea, we show that fair behavior in our experiment increased with increasing ethnic homogeneity and market integration. Group size and kinship had the opposite effect. Overall, fair behavior was not conditional on reputation. Instead, the ability of the different village populations to support individuals' fairness in situations lacking the opportunity to build a positive reputation varied significantly. Our results suggest that evolutionary theory provides a useful framework for the analysis of fairness in humans.}, Winnicki SK, Munguía SM, Williams EJ, et al (2019) Social interactions do not drive territory aggregation in a grassland songbird. Ecology [Epub ahead of print]. Understanding the drivers of animal distributions is a fundamental goal of ecology and informs habitat management. The costs and benefits of colonial aggregations in animals are well established, but the factors leading to aggregation in territorial animals remain unclear. Territorial animals might aggregate to facilitate social behavior such as (1) group defense from predators and/or parasites, (2) cooperative care of offspring, (3) extra-pair mating, and/or (4) mitigating costs of extra-pair mating through kin selection. Using experimental and observational methods, we tested predictions of all four hypotheses in a tallgrass prairie in northeast Kansas, United States. Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) males formed clumps of territories in some parts of the site while leaving other apparently suitable areas unoccupied. Despite substantial sampling effort (653 territories and 223 nests), we found no support for any hypothesized social driver of aggregation, nor evidence that aggregation increases nest success. Our results run counter to previous evidence that conspecific interactions shape territory distributions. These results suggest one of the following alternatives: (1) the benefits of aggregation accrue to different life-history stages, or (2) the benefits of territory aggregation may be too small to detect in short-term studies and/or the consequences of aggregation are sufficiently temporally and spatially variable that they do not always appear to be locally adaptive, perhaps exacerbated by changing landscape contexts and declining population sizes. author = {Winnicki, SK and Munguía, SM and Williams, EJ and Boyle, WA}, title = {Social interactions do not drive territory aggregation in a grassland songbird.}, journal = {Ecology}, pages = {e02927}, doi = {10.1002/ecy.2927}, support = {DBI-140802//Kansas State University (KSU) Biology National Science Foundation (NSF) REU Program/ ; //EPSCoR 1st Award/ ; DEB-175449//NSF/ ; //NSF Graduate Research Fellowship/ ; //Sigma Xi Grant-in-Aid of Research/ ; //Kansas Ornithological Society/ ; }, abstract = {Understanding the drivers of animal distributions is a fundamental goal of ecology and informs habitat management. The costs and benefits of colonial aggregations in animals are well established, but the factors leading to aggregation in territorial animals remain unclear. Territorial animals might aggregate to facilitate social behavior such as (1) group defense from predators and/or parasites, (2) cooperative care of offspring, (3) extra-pair mating, and/or (4) mitigating costs of extra-pair mating through kin selection. Using experimental and observational methods, we tested predictions of all four hypotheses in a tallgrass prairie in northeast Kansas, United States. Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) males formed clumps of territories in some parts of the site while leaving other apparently suitable areas unoccupied. Despite substantial sampling effort (653 territories and 223 nests), we found no support for any hypothesized social driver of aggregation, nor evidence that aggregation increases nest success. Our results run counter to previous evidence that conspecific interactions shape territory distributions. These results suggest one of the following alternatives: (1) the benefits of aggregation accrue to different life-history stages, or (2) the benefits of territory aggregation may be too small to detect in short-term studies and/or the consequences of aggregation are sufficiently temporally and spatially variable that they do not always appear to be locally adaptive, perhaps exacerbated by changing landscape contexts and declining population sizes.}, Paternotte C (2019) Social evolution and the individual-as-maximising-agent analogy. Studies in history and philosophy of biological and biomedical sciences pii:S1369-8486(19)30113-X [Epub ahead of print]. Does natural selection tend to maximise something? Does it produce individuals who act as if they maximised something? These questions have long occupied evolutionary theorists, and have proven especially tricky in the case of social evolution, which is known for leading to apparently suboptimal states. This paper investigates recent results about maximising analogies - especially regarding whether individuals should be considered as if they maximised their inclusive fitness - and compares the fruitfulness of global and local approaches. I assess Okasha & Martens's recent local approach to the individual-as-maximising-agent analogy and its robustness with respect to interactive situations. I then defend the relative merits of a comparable global approach, arguing that it is conceptually on a par and heuristically advantageous. author = {Paternotte, C}, title = {Social evolution and the individual-as-maximising-agent analogy.}, journal = {Studies in history and philosophy of biological and biomedical sciences}, pages = {101225}, doi = {10.1016/j.shpsc.2019.101225}, abstract = {Does natural selection tend to maximise something? Does it produce individuals who act as if they maximised something? These questions have long occupied evolutionary theorists, and have proven especially tricky in the case of social evolution, which is known for leading to apparently suboptimal states. This paper investigates recent results about maximising analogies - especially regarding whether individuals should be considered as if they maximised their inclusive fitness - and compares the fruitfulness of global and local approaches. I assess Okasha & Martens's recent local approach to the individual-as-maximising-agent analogy and its robustness with respect to interactive situations. I then defend the relative merits of a comparable global approach, arguing that it is conceptually on a par and heuristically advantageous.}, Keaney TA, Wong HWS, Dowling DK, et al (2019) Mother's curse and indirect genetic effects: Do males matter to mitochondrial genome evolution?. Journal of evolutionary biology [Epub ahead of print]. Maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was originally thought to prevent any response to selection on male phenotypic variation attributable to mtDNA, resulting in a male-biased mtDNA mutation load ("mother's curse"). However, the theory underpinning this claim implicitly assumes that a male's mtDNA has no effect on the fitness of females he comes into contact with. If such "mitochondrially encoded indirect genetics effects" (mtIGEs) do in fact exist, and there is relatedness between the mitochondrial genomes of interacting males and females, male mtDNA-encoded traits can undergo adaptation after all. We tested this possibility using strains of Drosophila melanogaster that differ in their mtDNA. Our experiments indicate that female fitness is influenced by the mtDNA carried by males that the females encounter, which could plausibly allow the mitochondrial genome to evolve via kin selection. We argue that mtIGEs are probably common, and that this might ameliorate or exacerbate mother's curse. author = {Keaney, TA and Wong, HWS and Dowling, DK and Jones, TM and Holman, L}, title = {Mother's curse and indirect genetic effects: Do males matter to mitochondrial genome evolution?.}, journal = {Journal of evolutionary biology}, doi = {10.1111/jeb.13561}, support = {DP170100772//Australian Research Council/ ; }, abstract = {Maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was originally thought to prevent any response to selection on male phenotypic variation attributable to mtDNA, resulting in a male-biased mtDNA mutation load ("mother's curse"). However, the theory underpinning this claim implicitly assumes that a male's mtDNA has no effect on the fitness of females he comes into contact with. If such "mitochondrially encoded indirect genetics effects" (mtIGEs) do in fact exist, and there is relatedness between the mitochondrial genomes of interacting males and females, male mtDNA-encoded traits can undergo adaptation after all. We tested this possibility using strains of Drosophila melanogaster that differ in their mtDNA. Our experiments indicate that female fitness is influenced by the mtDNA carried by males that the females encounter, which could plausibly allow the mitochondrial genome to evolve via kin selection. We argue that mtIGEs are probably common, and that this might ameliorate or exacerbate mother's curse.}, Levin SR, Caro SM, Griffin AS, et al (2019) Honest signaling and the double counting of inclusive fitness. Evolution letters, 3(5):428-433. Inclusive fitness requires a careful accounting of all the fitness effects of a particular behavior. Verbal arguments can potentially exaggerate the inclusive fitness consequences of a behavior by including the fitness of relatives that was not caused by that behavior, leading to error. We show how this "double-counting" error can arise, with a recent example from the signaling literature. In particular, we examine the recent debate over whether parental divorce increases parent-offspring conflict, selecting for less honest signaling. We found that, when all the inclusive fitness consequences are accounted for, parental divorce increases conflict between siblings, in a way that they can select for less honest signaling. This prediction is consistent with the empirical data. More generally, our results illustrate how verbal arguments can be misleading, emphasizing the advantage of formal mathematical models. author = {Levin, SR and Caro, SM and Griffin, AS and West, SA}, title = {Honest signaling and the double counting of inclusive fitness.}, journal = {Evolution letters}, abstract = {Inclusive fitness requires a careful accounting of all the fitness effects of a particular behavior. Verbal arguments can potentially exaggerate the inclusive fitness consequences of a behavior by including the fitness of relatives that was not caused by that behavior, leading to error. We show how this "double-counting" error can arise, with a recent example from the signaling literature. In particular, we examine the recent debate over whether parental divorce increases parent-offspring conflict, selecting for less honest signaling. We found that, when all the inclusive fitness consequences are accounted for, parental divorce increases conflict between siblings, in a way that they can select for less honest signaling. This prediction is consistent with the empirical data. More generally, our results illustrate how verbal arguments can be misleading, emphasizing the advantage of formal mathematical models.}, Swedell L, T Plummer (2019) Social evolution in Plio-Pleistocene hominins: Insights from hamadryas baboons and paleoecology. Journal of human evolution, 137:102667. Reconstructions of hominin evolution have long benefited from comparisons with nonhuman primates, especially baboons and chimpanzees. The hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas) is arguably one of the best such models, as it exhibits both the male kin bonding and the cross-sex pair bonding thought to have been important in hominin evolution. Here we link processes of behavioral evolution in hamadryas baboons with those in a Plio-Pleistocene hominin, provisionally identified as Homo erectus (sensu lato) - a pivotal species in that its larger body and brain size and wider ranging patterns increased female costs of reproduction, increasing the importance of sociality. The combination of these higher costs of reproduction and shifts in diet and food acquisition have previously been argued to have been alleviated either via strengthening of male-female bonds (involving male provisioning and the evolution of monogamy) or via the assistance of older, post-reproductive females (leading to post-reproductive longevity in females, i.e., the grandmother hypothesis). We suggest that both arrangements could have been present in Plio-Pleistocene hominins if they lived in multilevel societies. Here we expand on our earlier scenario with two sets of recent data in support of it, (1) archaeological data from the 2 million year old Oldowan site of Kanjera South, Kenya and other sites that are suggestive of tool dependent foraging on nutrient dense resources (animal carcasses and plant underground storage organs), cooperation, and food sharing; and (2) a pattern of genetic variation in hamadryas baboons that suggests the operation of kin selection among both males and females at multiple levels of society. Taken together, these two sets of data strengthen our model and support the idea of a complex society linked by male-male, male-female, and female-female bonds at multiple levels of social organization in Plio-Pleistocene hominins. author = {Swedell, L and Plummer, T}, title = {Social evolution in Plio-Pleistocene hominins: Insights from hamadryas baboons and paleoecology.}, journal = {Journal of human evolution}, doi = {10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102667}, abstract = {Reconstructions of hominin evolution have long benefited from comparisons with nonhuman primates, especially baboons and chimpanzees. The hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas) is arguably one of the best such models, as it exhibits both the male kin bonding and the cross-sex pair bonding thought to have been important in hominin evolution. Here we link processes of behavioral evolution in hamadryas baboons with those in a Plio-Pleistocene hominin, provisionally identified as Homo erectus (sensu lato) - a pivotal species in that its larger body and brain size and wider ranging patterns increased female costs of reproduction, increasing the importance of sociality. The combination of these higher costs of reproduction and shifts in diet and food acquisition have previously been argued to have been alleviated either via strengthening of male-female bonds (involving male provisioning and the evolution of monogamy) or via the assistance of older, post-reproductive females (leading to post-reproductive longevity in females, i.e., the grandmother hypothesis). We suggest that both arrangements could have been present in Plio-Pleistocene hominins if they lived in multilevel societies. Here we expand on our earlier scenario with two sets of recent data in support of it, (1) archaeological data from the 2 million year old Oldowan site of Kanjera South, Kenya and other sites that are suggestive of tool dependent foraging on nutrient dense resources (animal carcasses and plant underground storage organs), cooperation, and food sharing; and (2) a pattern of genetic variation in hamadryas baboons that suggests the operation of kin selection among both males and females at multiple levels of society. Taken together, these two sets of data strengthen our model and support the idea of a complex society linked by male-male, male-female, and female-female bonds at multiple levels of social organization in Plio-Pleistocene hominins.}, Nonacs P (2019) Reproductive skew in cooperative breeding: Environmental variability, antagonistic selection, choice, and control. Ecology and evolution, 9(18):10163-10175. A multitude of factors may determine reproductive skew among cooperative breeders. One explanation, derived from inclusive fitness theory, is that groups can partition reproduction such that subordinates do at least as well as noncooperative solitary individuals. The majority of recent data, however, fails to support this prediction; possibly because inclusive fitness models cannot easily incorporate multiple factors simultaneously to predict skew. Notable omissions are antagonistic selection (across generations, genes will be in both dominant and subordinate bodies), constraints on the number of sites suitable for successful reproduction, choice in which group an individual might join, and within-group control or suppression of competition. All of these factors and more are explored through agent-based evolutionary simulations. The results suggest the primary drivers for the initial evolution of cooperative breeding may be a combination of limited suitable sites, choice across those sites, and parental manipulation of offspring into helping roles. Antagonistic selection may be important when subordinates are more frequent than dominants. Kinship matters, but its main effect may be in offspring being available for manipulation while unrelated individuals are not. The greater flexibility of evolutionary simulations allows the incorporation of species-specific life histories and ecological constraints to better predict sociobiology. author = {Nonacs, P}, title = {Reproductive skew in cooperative breeding: Environmental variability, antagonistic selection, choice, and control.}, journal = {Ecology and evolution}, pages = {10163-10175}, abstract = {A multitude of factors may determine reproductive skew among cooperative breeders. One explanation, derived from inclusive fitness theory, is that groups can partition reproduction such that subordinates do at least as well as noncooperative solitary individuals. The majority of recent data, however, fails to support this prediction; possibly because inclusive fitness models cannot easily incorporate multiple factors simultaneously to predict skew. Notable omissions are antagonistic selection (across generations, genes will be in both dominant and subordinate bodies), constraints on the number of sites suitable for successful reproduction, choice in which group an individual might join, and within-group control or suppression of competition. All of these factors and more are explored through agent-based evolutionary simulations. The results suggest the primary drivers for the initial evolution of cooperative breeding may be a combination of limited suitable sites, choice across those sites, and parental manipulation of offspring into helping roles. Antagonistic selection may be important when subordinates are more frequent than dominants. Kinship matters, but its main effect may be in offspring being available for manipulation while unrelated individuals are not. The greater flexibility of evolutionary simulations allows the incorporation of species-specific life histories and ecological constraints to better predict sociobiology.}, Deng K, Liu W, DH Wang (2019) Relatedness and spatial distance modulate intergroup interactions: experimental evidence from a social rodent. Current zoology, 65(5):527-534. Kin selection theory predicts that individuals should generally behave less aggressively or more amicably towards relatives than nonkin. However, how individuals treat conspecifics depends on genetic relatedness but also on the ecological context, which influences the benefits and costs of their interactions. In this study, we used microsatellite DNA markers and behavioral tests to examine the influence of kinship and proximity on the social behavior of Mongolian gerbils Meriones unguiculatus living in different social groups, and whether these effects varied with sex and season. We recorded the duration of 4 behavioral categories (investigative, neutral, amicable, and agonistic) during a 10-min pairwise test. We found that genetic relatedness had significant effects on the duration of investigative, neutral, and amicable behavior, but not on agonistic behavior. We also found significant interaction effects of relatedness and distance between burrow systems (i.e., spatial distance) on investigative, neutral, and amicable behavior, which suggests that the effects of kinship on social behavior were restricted by spatial proximity. The interaction effect between sex and relatedness on amicable behavior showed that male gerbils became more intimate with individuals of the same sex that had higher pairwise relatedness than females. Furthermore, both male and female gerbils enhanced their aggression during the food-hoarding season, but the intensity of these changes was significantly higher in females. Overall, our results suggest that the effects of kinship and spatial proximity on social behavior exhibit sexual or seasonal patterns, thereby implying ecological context-dependent responses to out-group individuals in Mongolian gerbils. author = {Deng, K and Liu, W and Wang, DH}, title = {Relatedness and spatial distance modulate intergroup interactions: experimental evidence from a social rodent.}, journal = {Current zoology}, abstract = {Kin selection theory predicts that individuals should generally behave less aggressively or more amicably towards relatives than nonkin. However, how individuals treat conspecifics depends on genetic relatedness but also on the ecological context, which influences the benefits and costs of their interactions. In this study, we used microsatellite DNA markers and behavioral tests to examine the influence of kinship and proximity on the social behavior of Mongolian gerbils Meriones unguiculatus living in different social groups, and whether these effects varied with sex and season. We recorded the duration of 4 behavioral categories (investigative, neutral, amicable, and agonistic) during a 10-min pairwise test. We found that genetic relatedness had significant effects on the duration of investigative, neutral, and amicable behavior, but not on agonistic behavior. We also found significant interaction effects of relatedness and distance between burrow systems (i.e., spatial distance) on investigative, neutral, and amicable behavior, which suggests that the effects of kinship on social behavior were restricted by spatial proximity. The interaction effect between sex and relatedness on amicable behavior showed that male gerbils became more intimate with individuals of the same sex that had higher pairwise relatedness than females. Furthermore, both male and female gerbils enhanced their aggression during the food-hoarding season, but the intensity of these changes was significantly higher in females. Overall, our results suggest that the effects of kinship and spatial proximity on social behavior exhibit sexual or seasonal patterns, thereby implying ecological context-dependent responses to out-group individuals in Mongolian gerbils.}, Freeman AR, Wood TJ, Bairos-Novak KR, et al (2019) Gone girl: Richardson's ground squirrel offspring and neighbours are resilient to female removal. Royal Society open science, 6(9):190904. Within matrilineal societies, the presence of mothers and female kin can greatly enhance survival and reproductive success owing to kin-biased alarm calling, cooperation in territory defence, protection from infanticidal conspecifics, joint care of young and enhanced access to resources. The removal of mothers by predators or disease is expected to increase the stress experienced by offspring via activation of their hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, increasing circulating glucocorticoids and reducing offspring survival and reproductive success. Yet, few studies have removed mothers in the post-weaning period to examine the assumed physiological and fitness consequences associated with these mortality events. We examined how the loss of a mother affects juvenile Richardson's ground squirrels' (Urocitellus richardsonii) faecal glucocorticoid metabolites and their survival. Given that neighbours are often close kin, we further hypothesized that conspecific removal would similarly diminish the fitness of neighbouring individuals. Upon removing the mother, we detected no impact on offspring or neighbouring conspecific faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in the removal year, or on overwinter survival in the following year. Furthermore, no impact on neighbour reproductive success was detected. Given the high predation rates of ground squirrels in wild populations, resilience to a changing social environment would prove adaptive for both surviving kin and non-kin. author = {Freeman, AR and Wood, TJ and Bairos-Novak, KR and Anderson, WG and Hare, JF}, title = {Gone girl: Richardson's ground squirrel offspring and neighbours are resilient to female removal.}, journal = {Royal Society open science}, abstract = {Within matrilineal societies, the presence of mothers and female kin can greatly enhance survival and reproductive success owing to kin-biased alarm calling, cooperation in territory defence, protection from infanticidal conspecifics, joint care of young and enhanced access to resources. The removal of mothers by predators or disease is expected to increase the stress experienced by offspring via activation of their hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, increasing circulating glucocorticoids and reducing offspring survival and reproductive success. Yet, few studies have removed mothers in the post-weaning period to examine the assumed physiological and fitness consequences associated with these mortality events. We examined how the loss of a mother affects juvenile Richardson's ground squirrels' (Urocitellus richardsonii) faecal glucocorticoid metabolites and their survival. Given that neighbours are often close kin, we further hypothesized that conspecific removal would similarly diminish the fitness of neighbouring individuals. Upon removing the mother, we detected no impact on offspring or neighbouring conspecific faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in the removal year, or on overwinter survival in the following year. Furthermore, no impact on neighbour reproductive success was detected. Given the high predation rates of ground squirrels in wild populations, resilience to a changing social environment would prove adaptive for both surviving kin and non-kin.}, Hervey SD, Barnas AF, Stechmann TJ, et al (2019) Kin grouping is insufficient to explain the inclusive fitness gains of conspecific brood parasitism in the common eider. Molecular ecology, 28(21):4825-4838. Conspecific brood parasitism allows females to exploit other females' nests and enhance their reproductive output. Here, we test a recent theoretical model of how host females gain inclusive fitness from brood parasitism. High levels of relatedness between host and parasitizer can be maintained either by: (a) kin recognizing and parasitizing each other as a form of cooperative breeding or (b) natal philopatry and nest site fidelity facilitating the formation of kin groups, thereby increasing the probability of parasitism between relatives nesting in close proximity. To address these two hypotheses we genotyped feathers and hatch membranes of common eiders (Somateria mollissima) from western Hudson Bay, Canada, using a noninvasive sampling methodology. We found that most instances of brood parasitism do result in inclusive fitness gains. Furthermore, females with failed nests moved an average of 492 m from their previous year's nest site, while successful females only moved an average of 13 m. Therefore, we observed host-parasite relatedness can occur at levels higher than would be expected by chance even in the absence of kin grouping, suggesting that closely related females nesting near one another is not essential to maintain high host-parasitizer relatedness. In addition, kin grouping is only a transient phenomenon that cannot occur every year due to the propensity for females of failed nests to nest farther away from their nest site in subsequent years than females with successful nests, which provides support for kin recognition as a more likely mechanism to maintain high host-parasitizer relatedness over time. author = {Hervey, SD and Barnas, AF and Stechmann, TJ and Rockwell, RF and Ellis-Felege, SN and Darby, BJ}, title = {Kin grouping is insufficient to explain the inclusive fitness gains of conspecific brood parasitism in the common eider.}, journal = {Molecular ecology}, doi = {10.1111/mec.15258}, support = {//Hudson Bay Project/ ; //Department of Biology, University of North Dakota/ ; //Central and Mississippi Flyways/ ; //Wapusk National Park/ ; //American Museum of Natural History/ ; //Frank M. Chapman Memorial Fund/ ; //Esther Wadsworth Hall Wheeler Award/ ; }, abstract = {Conspecific brood parasitism allows females to exploit other females' nests and enhance their reproductive output. Here, we test a recent theoretical model of how host females gain inclusive fitness from brood parasitism. High levels of relatedness between host and parasitizer can be maintained either by: (a) kin recognizing and parasitizing each other as a form of cooperative breeding or (b) natal philopatry and nest site fidelity facilitating the formation of kin groups, thereby increasing the probability of parasitism between relatives nesting in close proximity. To address these two hypotheses we genotyped feathers and hatch membranes of common eiders (Somateria mollissima) from western Hudson Bay, Canada, using a noninvasive sampling methodology. We found that most instances of brood parasitism do result in inclusive fitness gains. Furthermore, females with failed nests moved an average of 492 m from their previous year's nest site, while successful females only moved an average of 13 m. Therefore, we observed host-parasite relatedness can occur at levels higher than would be expected by chance even in the absence of kin grouping, suggesting that closely related females nesting near one another is not essential to maintain high host-parasitizer relatedness. In addition, kin grouping is only a transient phenomenon that cannot occur every year due to the propensity for females of failed nests to nest farther away from their nest site in subsequent years than females with successful nests, which provides support for kin recognition as a more likely mechanism to maintain high host-parasitizer relatedness over time.}, Fréville H, Roumet P, Rode NO, et al (2019) Preferential helping to relatives: A potential mechanism responsible for lower yield of crop variety mixtures?. Evolutionary applications, 12(9):1837-1849 pii:EVA12842. Variety mixtures, the cultivation of different genotypes within a field, have been proposed as a way to increase within-crop diversity, allowing the development of more sustainable agricultural systems with reduced environmental costs. Although mixtures have often been shown to over-yield the average of component varieties in pure stands, decreased yields in mixtures have also been documented. Kin selection may explain such pattern, whenever plants direct helping behaviors preferentially toward relatives and thus experience stronger competition when grown with less related neighbors, lowering seed production of mixtures. Using varieties of durum wheat originating from traditional Moroccan agrosystems, we designed a greenhouse experiment to address whether plants reduced competition for light by limiting stem elongation when growing with kin and whether such phenotypic response resulted in higher yield of kin groups. Seeds were sown in groups of siblings and nonkin, each group containing a focal plant surrounded by four neighbors. At the group level, mean plant height and yield did not depend upon relatedness among competing plants. At the individual level, plant height was not affected by genetic relatedness to neighbors, after accounting for direct genetic effects that might induce among-genotype differences in the ability to capture resources that do not depend on relatedness. Moreover, in contrast to our predictions, shorter plants had lower inclusive fitness. Phenotypic plasticity in height was very limited in response to neighbor genotypes. This suggests that human selection in crops may have attenuated shade-avoidance responses to competition for light. Future research on preferential helping to relatives in crops might thus target social traits that drive competition for other resources than light. Overall, our study illustrates the relevance of tackling agricultural issues from an evolutionary standpoint and calls for extending such approaches to a larger set of crop species. full text, via PubMed Central author = {Fréville, H and Roumet, P and Rode, NO and Rocher, A and Latreille, M and Muller, MH and David, J}, title = {Preferential helping to relatives: A potential mechanism responsible for lower yield of crop variety mixtures?.}, journal = {Evolutionary applications}, doi = {10.1111/eva.12842}, abstract = {Variety mixtures, the cultivation of different genotypes within a field, have been proposed as a way to increase within-crop diversity, allowing the development of more sustainable agricultural systems with reduced environmental costs. Although mixtures have often been shown to over-yield the average of component varieties in pure stands, decreased yields in mixtures have also been documented. Kin selection may explain such pattern, whenever plants direct helping behaviors preferentially toward relatives and thus experience stronger competition when grown with less related neighbors, lowering seed production of mixtures. Using varieties of durum wheat originating from traditional Moroccan agrosystems, we designed a greenhouse experiment to address whether plants reduced competition for light by limiting stem elongation when growing with kin and whether such phenotypic response resulted in higher yield of kin groups. Seeds were sown in groups of siblings and nonkin, each group containing a focal plant surrounded by four neighbors. At the group level, mean plant height and yield did not depend upon relatedness among competing plants. At the individual level, plant height was not affected by genetic relatedness to neighbors, after accounting for direct genetic effects that might induce among-genotype differences in the ability to capture resources that do not depend on relatedness. Moreover, in contrast to our predictions, shorter plants had lower inclusive fitness. Phenotypic plasticity in height was very limited in response to neighbor genotypes. This suggests that human selection in crops may have attenuated shade-avoidance responses to competition for light. Future research on preferential helping to relatives in crops might thus target social traits that drive competition for other resources than light. Overall, our study illustrates the relevance of tackling agricultural issues from an evolutionary standpoint and calls for extending such approaches to a larger set of crop species.}, Tanskanen AO, Danielsbacka M, Coall DA, et al (2019) Transition to Grandparenthood and Subjective Well-Being in Older Europeans: A Within-Person Investigation Using Longitudinal Data. Evolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behavior, 17(3):1474704919875948. The transition to grandparenthood, that is the birth of the first grandchild, is often assumed to increase the subjective well-being of older adults; however, prior studies are scarce and have provided mixed results. Investigation of the associations between grandparenthood and subjective well-being, measured by self-rated life satisfaction, quality of life scores, and depressive symptoms, used the longitudinal Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe from 13 countries, including follow-up waves between 2006 and 2015 (n = 64,940 person-observations from 38,456 unique persons of whom 18,207 had two or more measurement times). Both between-person and within-person (or fixed-effect) regression models were executed, where between-person associations represent results across individuals, that is, between grandparents and non-grandparents; within-person associations represent an individual's variation over time, that is, they consider whether the transition to grandparenthood increases or decreases subjective well-being. According to the between-person models, both grandmothers and grandfathers reported higher rate of life satisfaction and quality of life than non-grandparents. Moreover, grandmothers reported fewer depressive symptoms than women without grandchildren. The within-person models indicated that entry into grandmotherhood was associated with both improved quality of life scores and improved life satisfaction. These findings are discussed with reference to inclusive fitness theory, parental investment theory, and the grandmother hypothesis. author = {Tanskanen, AO and Danielsbacka, M and Coall, DA and Jokela, M}, title = {Transition to Grandparenthood and Subjective Well-Being in Older Europeans: A Within-Person Investigation Using Longitudinal Data.}, journal = {Evolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behavior}, pages = {1474704919875948}, abstract = {The transition to grandparenthood, that is the birth of the first grandchild, is often assumed to increase the subjective well-being of older adults; however, prior studies are scarce and have provided mixed results. Investigation of the associations between grandparenthood and subjective well-being, measured by self-rated life satisfaction, quality of life scores, and depressive symptoms, used the longitudinal Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe from 13 countries, including follow-up waves between 2006 and 2015 (n = 64,940 person-observations from 38,456 unique persons of whom 18,207 had two or more measurement times). Both between-person and within-person (or fixed-effect) regression models were executed, where between-person associations represent results across individuals, that is, between grandparents and non-grandparents; within-person associations represent an individual's variation over time, that is, they consider whether the transition to grandparenthood increases or decreases subjective well-being. According to the between-person models, both grandmothers and grandfathers reported higher rate of life satisfaction and quality of life than non-grandparents. Moreover, grandmothers reported fewer depressive symptoms than women without grandchildren. The within-person models indicated that entry into grandmotherhood was associated with both improved quality of life scores and improved life satisfaction. These findings are discussed with reference to inclusive fitness theory, parental investment theory, and the grandmother hypothesis.}, Kalske A, Shiojiri K, Uesugi A, et al (2019) Insect Herbivory Selects for Volatile-Mediated Plant-Plant Communication. Current biology : CB, 29(18):3128-3133.e3. Plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major vehicles of information transfer between organisms and mediate many ecological interactions [1-3]. Altering VOC emission in response to herbivore damage has been hypothesized to be adaptive, as it can deter subsequent herbivores [4], attract natural enemies of herbivores [5], or transmit information about attacks between distant parts of the same plant [6-9]. Neighboring plants may also respond to these VOC cues by priming their own defenses against oncoming herbivory, thereby reducing future damage [10-12]. However, under which conditions such information sharing provides fitness benefits to emitter plants, and, therefore, whether selection by herbivores affects the evolution of such VOC signaling, is still unclear [13]. Here, we test the predictions of two alternative hypotheses, the kin selection and mutual benefits hypotheses [14], to uncover the selective environment that may favor information sharing in plants. Measuring the response to natural selection in Solidago altissima, we found strong effects of herbivory on the way plants communicated with neighbors. Plants from populations that experienced selection by insect herbivory induced resistance in all neighboring conspecifics by airborne cues, whereas those from populations experiencing herbivore exclusion induced resistance only in neighbors of the same genotype. Furthermore, the information-sharing plants converged on a common, airborne VOC signal upon damage. We demonstrate that herbivory can drive the evolution of plant-plant communication via induction of airborne cues and suggest plants as a model system for understanding information sharing and communication among organisms in general. author = {Kalske, A and Shiojiri, K and Uesugi, A and Sakata, Y and Morrell, K and Kessler, A}, title = {Insect Herbivory Selects for Volatile-Mediated Plant-Plant Communication.}, pages = {3128-3133.e3}, abstract = {Plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major vehicles of information transfer between organisms and mediate many ecological interactions [1-3]. Altering VOC emission in response to herbivore damage has been hypothesized to be adaptive, as it can deter subsequent herbivores [4], attract natural enemies of herbivores [5], or transmit information about attacks between distant parts of the same plant [6-9]. Neighboring plants may also respond to these VOC cues by priming their own defenses against oncoming herbivory, thereby reducing future damage [10-12]. However, under which conditions such information sharing provides fitness benefits to emitter plants, and, therefore, whether selection by herbivores affects the evolution of such VOC signaling, is still unclear [13]. Here, we test the predictions of two alternative hypotheses, the kin selection and mutual benefits hypotheses [14], to uncover the selective environment that may favor information sharing in plants. Measuring the response to natural selection in Solidago altissima, we found strong effects of herbivory on the way plants communicated with neighbors. Plants from populations that experienced selection by insect herbivory induced resistance in all neighboring conspecifics by airborne cues, whereas those from populations experiencing herbivore exclusion induced resistance only in neighbors of the same genotype. Furthermore, the information-sharing plants converged on a common, airborne VOC signal upon damage. We demonstrate that herbivory can drive the evolution of plant-plant communication via induction of airborne cues and suggest plants as a model system for understanding information sharing and communication among organisms in general.}, Berg EC, Lind MI, Monahan S, et al (2019) Kin but less than kind: within-group male relatedness does not increase female fitness in seed beetles. Theory maintains within-group male relatedness can mediate sexual conflict by reducing male-male competition and collateral harm to females. We tested whether male relatedness can lessen female harm in the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. Male relatedness did not influence female lifetime reproductive success or individual fitness across two different ecologically relevant scenarios of mating competition. However, male relatedness marginally improved female survival. Because male relatedness improved female survival in late life when C. maculatus females are no longer producing offspring, our results do not provide support for the role of within-group male relatedness in mediating sexual conflict. The fact that male relatedness improves the post-reproductive part of the female life cycle strongly suggests that the effect is non-adaptive. We discuss adaptive and non-adaptive mechanisms that could result in reduced female harm in this and previous studies, and suggest that cognitive error is a likely explanation. author = {Berg, EC and Lind, MI and Monahan, S and Bricout, S and Maklakov, AA}, title = {Kin but less than kind: within-group male relatedness does not increase female fitness in seed beetles.}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2019.1664}, abstract = {Theory maintains within-group male relatedness can mediate sexual conflict by reducing male-male competition and collateral harm to females. We tested whether male relatedness can lessen female harm in the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. Male relatedness did not influence female lifetime reproductive success or individual fitness across two different ecologically relevant scenarios of mating competition. However, male relatedness marginally improved female survival. Because male relatedness improved female survival in late life when C. maculatus females are no longer producing offspring, our results do not provide support for the role of within-group male relatedness in mediating sexual conflict. The fact that male relatedness improves the post-reproductive part of the female life cycle strongly suggests that the effect is non-adaptive. We discuss adaptive and non-adaptive mechanisms that could result in reduced female harm in this and previous studies, and suggest that cognitive error is a likely explanation.}, Smith AL, Atwater DZ, RM Callaway (2019) Early Sibling Conflict May Ultimately Benefit the Family. The American naturalist, 194(4):482-487. Relatives often interact differently with each other than with nonrelatives, and whether kin cooperate or compete has important consequences for the evolution of mating systems, seed size, dispersal, and competition. Previous research found that the larger of the size dimorphic seeds produced by the annual plant Aegilops triuncialis suppressed germination of their smaller sibs by 25%-60%. Here, we found evidence for kin recognition and sibling rivalry later in life among Aegilops seedlings that places seed-seed interactions in a broader context. In experiments with size dimorphic seeds, seedlings reduced the growth of sibling seedlings by ∼40% but that of nonsibling seedlings by ∼25%. These sequential antagonistic interactions between seeds and then seedlings provide insight into conflict and cooperation among kin. Kin-based conflict among seeds may maintain dormancy for some seeds until the coast is clear of more competitive siblings. If so, biotically induced seed dormancy may be a unique form of cooperation, which increases the inclusive fitness of maternal plants and offspring by minimizing competition among kin. author = {Smith, AL and Atwater, DZ and Callaway, RM}, title = {Early Sibling Conflict May Ultimately Benefit the Family.}, journal = {The American naturalist}, doi = {10.1086/704773}, abstract = {Relatives often interact differently with each other than with nonrelatives, and whether kin cooperate or compete has important consequences for the evolution of mating systems, seed size, dispersal, and competition. Previous research found that the larger of the size dimorphic seeds produced by the annual plant Aegilops triuncialis suppressed germination of their smaller sibs by 25%-60%. Here, we found evidence for kin recognition and sibling rivalry later in life among Aegilops seedlings that places seed-seed interactions in a broader context. In experiments with size dimorphic seeds, seedlings reduced the growth of sibling seedlings by ∼40% but that of nonsibling seedlings by ∼25%. These sequential antagonistic interactions between seeds and then seedlings provide insight into conflict and cooperation among kin. Kin-based conflict among seeds may maintain dormancy for some seeds until the coast is clear of more competitive siblings. If so, biotically induced seed dormancy may be a unique form of cooperation, which increases the inclusive fitness of maternal plants and offspring by minimizing competition among kin.}, CmpDate: 2019-12-17 Madgwick PG, Belcher LJ, JB Wolf (2019) Greenbeard Genes: Theory and Reality. Trends in ecology & evolution, 34(12):1092-1103. Greenbeard genes were proposed as a cartoonish thought experiment to explain why altruism can be a selfish strategy from the perspective of genes. The likelihood of finding a real greenbeard gene in nature was thought to be remote because they were believed to require a set of improbable properties. Yet, despite this expectation, there is an ongoing explosion in claimed discoveries of greenbeard genes. Bringing together the latest theory and experimental findings, we argue that there is a need to dispose of the cartoon presentation of a greenbeard to refocus their burgeoning empirical study on the more fundamental concept that the thought experiment was designed to illustrate. author = {Madgwick, PG and Belcher, LJ and Wolf, JB}, title = {Greenbeard Genes: Theory and Reality.}, journal = {Trends in ecology & evolution}, doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2019.08.001}, support = {BB/M01035X/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; }, mesh = {Altruism ; Biological Evolution ; Cooperative Behavior ; }, abstract = {Greenbeard genes were proposed as a cartoonish thought experiment to explain why altruism can be a selfish strategy from the perspective of genes. The likelihood of finding a real greenbeard gene in nature was thought to be remote because they were believed to require a set of improbable properties. Yet, despite this expectation, there is an ongoing explosion in claimed discoveries of greenbeard genes. Bringing together the latest theory and experimental findings, we argue that there is a need to dispose of the cartoon presentation of a greenbeard to refocus their burgeoning empirical study on the more fundamental concept that the thought experiment was designed to illustrate.}, show MeSH Terms hide MeSH Terms Altruism Biological Evolution Cooperative Behavior Martens J (2019) Hamilton meets causal decision theory. Studies in history and philosophy of biological and biomedical sciences, 77:101187. In this paper, I contrast two mathematically equivalent ways of modeling the evolution of altruism, namely the classical inclusive fitness approach and a more recent, "direct fitness" approach. Though both are usually considered by evolutionists as mere different ways of representing the same causal process (i.e. that of kin selection), I argue that this consensus is misleading, for there is a fundamental ambiguity concerning the causal interpretation of the DF approach. Drawing on an analogy between the structure of inclusive fitness theory and that of causal decision theory (Stalnaker, 1972), I show that only the inclusive fitness framework can provide us with a proper, and unambiguous causal partition of the relevant variables involved in the evolution of altruism. author = {Martens, J}, title = {Hamilton meets causal decision theory.}, mesh = {Altruism ; Biological Evolution ; Decision Theory ; Genetic Fitness ; Models, Biological ; }, abstract = {In this paper, I contrast two mathematically equivalent ways of modeling the evolution of altruism, namely the classical inclusive fitness approach and a more recent, "direct fitness" approach. Though both are usually considered by evolutionists as mere different ways of representing the same causal process (i.e. that of kin selection), I argue that this consensus is misleading, for there is a fundamental ambiguity concerning the causal interpretation of the DF approach. Drawing on an analogy between the structure of inclusive fitness theory and that of causal decision theory (Stalnaker, 1972), I show that only the inclusive fitness framework can provide us with a proper, and unambiguous causal partition of the relevant variables involved in the evolution of altruism.}, Decision Theory Genetic Fitness Models, Biological Vostinar AE, Goldsby HJ, C Ofria (2019) Suicidal selection: Programmed cell death can evolve in unicellular organisms due solely to kin selection. Ecology and evolution, 9(16):9129-9136 pii:ECE35460. Abstract: Unicellular organisms can engage in a process by which a cell purposefully destroys itself, termed programmed cell death (PCD). While it is clear that the death of specific cells within a multicellular organism could increase inclusive fitness (e.g., during development), the origin of PCD in unicellular organisms is less obvious. Kin selection has been shown to help maintain instances of PCD in existing populations of unicellular organisms; however, competing hypotheses exist about whether additional factors are necessary to explain its origin. Those factors could include an environmental shift that causes latent PCD to be expressed, PCD hitchhiking on a large beneficial mutation, and PCD being simply a common pathology. Here, we present results using an artificial life model to demonstrate that kin selection can, in fact, be sufficient to give rise to PCD in unicellular organisms. Furthermore, when benefits to kin are direct-that is, resources provided to nearby kin-PCD is more beneficial than when benefits are indirect-that is, nonkin are injured, thus increasing the relative amount of resources for kin. Finally, when considering how strict organisms are in determining kin or nonkin (in terms of mutations), direct benefits are viable in a narrower range than indirect benefits. Open Research Badges: This article has been awarded Open Data and Open Materials Badges. All materials and data are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at https://github.com/anyaevostinar/SuicidalAltruismDissertation/tree/master/LongTerm. author = {Vostinar, AE and Goldsby, HJ and Ofria, C}, title = {Suicidal selection: Programmed cell death can evolve in unicellular organisms due solely to kin selection.}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.5460}, abstract = {Abstract: Unicellular organisms can engage in a process by which a cell purposefully destroys itself, termed programmed cell death (PCD). While it is clear that the death of specific cells within a multicellular organism could increase inclusive fitness (e.g., during development), the origin of PCD in unicellular organisms is less obvious. Kin selection has been shown to help maintain instances of PCD in existing populations of unicellular organisms; however, competing hypotheses exist about whether additional factors are necessary to explain its origin. Those factors could include an environmental shift that causes latent PCD to be expressed, PCD hitchhiking on a large beneficial mutation, and PCD being simply a common pathology. Here, we present results using an artificial life model to demonstrate that kin selection can, in fact, be sufficient to give rise to PCD in unicellular organisms. Furthermore, when benefits to kin are direct-that is, resources provided to nearby kin-PCD is more beneficial than when benefits are indirect-that is, nonkin are injured, thus increasing the relative amount of resources for kin. Finally, when considering how strict organisms are in determining kin or nonkin (in terms of mutations), direct benefits are viable in a narrower range than indirect benefits. Open Research Badges: This article has been awarded Open Data and Open Materials Badges. All materials and data are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at https://github.com/anyaevostinar/SuicidalAltruismDissertation/tree/master/LongTerm.}, Khodaei L, TAF Long (2019) Kin recognition and co-operative foraging in Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Journal of evolutionary biology, 32(12):1352-1361. A long-standing goal for biologists and social scientists is to understand the factors that lead to the evolution and maintenance of co-operative behaviour between conspecifics. To that end, the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is becoming an increasingly popular model species to study sociality; however, most of the research to date has focused on adult behaviours. In this study, we set out to examine group-feeding behaviour by larvae and to determine whether the degree of relatedness between individuals mediates the expression co-operation. In a series of assays, we manipulated the average degree of relatedness in groups of third-instar larvae that were faced with resource scarcity, and measured the size, frequency and composition of feeding clusters, as well as the fitness benefits associated with co-operation. Our results suggest that larval D. melanogaster are capable of kin recognition (something that has not been previously described in this species), as clusters were more numerous, larger and involved more larvae, when more closely related kin were present in the social environment. These findings are discussed in the context of the correlated fitness-associated benefits of co-operation, the potential mechanisms by which individuals may recognize kin, and how that kinship may play an important role in facilitating the manifestation of this co-operative behaviour. author = {Khodaei, L and Long, TAF}, title = {Kin recognition and co-operative foraging in Drosophila melanogaster larvae.}, support = {//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; }, abstract = {A long-standing goal for biologists and social scientists is to understand the factors that lead to the evolution and maintenance of co-operative behaviour between conspecifics. To that end, the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is becoming an increasingly popular model species to study sociality; however, most of the research to date has focused on adult behaviours. In this study, we set out to examine group-feeding behaviour by larvae and to determine whether the degree of relatedness between individuals mediates the expression co-operation. In a series of assays, we manipulated the average degree of relatedness in groups of third-instar larvae that were faced with resource scarcity, and measured the size, frequency and composition of feeding clusters, as well as the fitness benefits associated with co-operation. Our results suggest that larval D. melanogaster are capable of kin recognition (something that has not been previously described in this species), as clusters were more numerous, larger and involved more larvae, when more closely related kin were present in the social environment. These findings are discussed in the context of the correlated fitness-associated benefits of co-operation, the potential mechanisms by which individuals may recognize kin, and how that kinship may play an important role in facilitating the manifestation of this co-operative behaviour.}, Cayuela H, Boualit L, Laporte M, et al (2019) Kin-dependent dispersal influences relatedness and genetic structuring in a lek system. Oecologia, 191(1):97-112. Kin selection and dispersal play a critical role in the evolution of cooperative breeding systems. Limited dispersal increases relatedness in spatially structured populations (population viscosity), with the result that neighbours tend to be genealogical relatives. Yet the increase in neighbours' fitness-related performance through altruistic interaction may also result in habitat saturation and thus exacerbate local competition between kin. Our goal was to detect the footprint of kin selection and competition by examining the spatial structure of relatedness and by comparing non-effective and effective dispersal in a population of a lekking bird, Tetrao urogallus. For this purpose, we analysed capture-recapture and genetic data collected over a 6-year period on a spatially structured population of T. urogallus in France. Our findings revealed a strong spatial structure of relatedness in males. They also indicated that the population viscosity could allow male cooperation through two non-exclusive mechanisms. First, at their first lek attendance, males aggregate in a lek composed of relatives. Second, the distance corresponding to non-effective dispersal dramatically outweighed effective dispersal distance, which suggests that dispersers incur high post-settlement costs. These two mechanisms result in strong population genetic structuring in males. In females, our findings revealed a lower level of spatial structure of relatedness and genetic structure in respect to males. Additionally, non-effective dispersal and effective dispersal distances in females were highly similar, which suggests limited post-settlement costs. These results indicate that kin-dependent dispersal decisions and costs have a genetic footprint in wild populations and are factors that may be involved in the evolution of cooperative courtship. author = {Cayuela, H and Boualit, L and Laporte, M and Prunier, JG and Preiss, F and Laurent, A and Foletti, F and Clobert, J and Jacob, G}, title = {Kin-dependent dispersal influences relatedness and genetic structuring in a lek system.}, journal = {Oecologia}, doi = {10.1007/s00442-019-04484-z}, mesh = {Animals ; Birds ; Breeding ; Female ; France ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; }, abstract = {Kin selection and dispersal play a critical role in the evolution of cooperative breeding systems. Limited dispersal increases relatedness in spatially structured populations (population viscosity), with the result that neighbours tend to be genealogical relatives. Yet the increase in neighbours' fitness-related performance through altruistic interaction may also result in habitat saturation and thus exacerbate local competition between kin. Our goal was to detect the footprint of kin selection and competition by examining the spatial structure of relatedness and by comparing non-effective and effective dispersal in a population of a lekking bird, Tetrao urogallus. For this purpose, we analysed capture-recapture and genetic data collected over a 6-year period on a spatially structured population of T. urogallus in France. Our findings revealed a strong spatial structure of relatedness in males. They also indicated that the population viscosity could allow male cooperation through two non-exclusive mechanisms. First, at their first lek attendance, males aggregate in a lek composed of relatives. Second, the distance corresponding to non-effective dispersal dramatically outweighed effective dispersal distance, which suggests that dispersers incur high post-settlement costs. These two mechanisms result in strong population genetic structuring in males. In females, our findings revealed a lower level of spatial structure of relatedness and genetic structure in respect to males. Additionally, non-effective dispersal and effective dispersal distances in females were highly similar, which suggests limited post-settlement costs. These results indicate that kin-dependent dispersal decisions and costs have a genetic footprint in wild populations and are factors that may be involved in the evolution of cooperative courtship.}, Breeding Microsatellite Repeats Page AE, Thomas MG, Smith D, et al (2019) Testing adaptive hypotheses of alloparenting in Agta foragers. Nature human behaviour, 3(11):1154-1163. Human children are frequently cared for by non-parental caregivers (alloparents), yet few studies have conducted systematic alternative hypothesis tests of why alloparents help. Here we explore whether predictions from kin selection, reciprocity, learning-to-mother and costly signalling hypotheses explain non-parental childcare among Agta hunter-gatherers from the Philippines. To test these hypotheses, we used high-resolution proximity data from 1,701 child-alloparent dyads. Our results indicated that reciprocity and relatedness were positively associated with the number of interactions with a child (our proxy for childcare). Need appeared more influential in close kin, suggesting indirect benefits, while reciprocity proved to be a stronger influence in non-kin, pointing to direct benefits. However, despite shared genes, close and distant kin interactions were also contingent on reciprocity. Compared with other apes, humans are unique in rapidly producing energetically demanding offspring. Our results suggest that the support that mothers require is met through support based on kinship and reciprocity. author = {Page, AE and Thomas, MG and Smith, D and Dyble, M and Viguier, S and Chaudhary, N and Salali, GD and Thompson, J and Mace, R and Migliano, AB}, title = {Testing adaptive hypotheses of alloparenting in Agta foragers.}, journal = {Nature human behaviour}, support = {MR/P014216/1//Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; RP2011-R 045//Leverhulme Trust/ ; MR/P014216/1//RCUK \| Medical Research Council (MRC)/ ; }, abstract = {Human children are frequently cared for by non-parental caregivers (alloparents), yet few studies have conducted systematic alternative hypothesis tests of why alloparents help. Here we explore whether predictions from kin selection, reciprocity, learning-to-mother and costly signalling hypotheses explain non-parental childcare among Agta hunter-gatherers from the Philippines. To test these hypotheses, we used high-resolution proximity data from 1,701 child-alloparent dyads. Our results indicated that reciprocity and relatedness were positively associated with the number of interactions with a child (our proxy for childcare). Need appeared more influential in close kin, suggesting indirect benefits, while reciprocity proved to be a stronger influence in non-kin, pointing to direct benefits. However, despite shared genes, close and distant kin interactions were also contingent on reciprocity. Compared with other apes, humans are unique in rapidly producing energetically demanding offspring. Our results suggest that the support that mothers require is met through support based on kinship and reciprocity.}, Schriver J, Perunovic WQE, Brymer K, et al (2019) Do Relatives With Greater Reproductive Potential Get Help First?: A Test of the Inclusive Fitness Explanation of Kin Altruism. According to inclusive fitness theory, people are more willing to help those they are genetically related to because relatives share a kin altruism gene and are able to pass it along. We tested this theory by examining the effect of reproductive potential on altruism. Participants read hypothetical scenarios and chose between cousins (Studies 1 and 2) and cousins and friends (Study 3) to help with mundane chores or a life-or-death rescue. In life-or-death situations, participants were more willing to help a cousin preparing to conceive rather than adopt a child (Study 1) and a cousin with high rather than low chance of reproducing (Studies 2 and 3). Patterns in the mundane condition were less consistent. Emotional closeness also contributed to helping intentions (Studies 1 and 2). By experimentally manipulating reproductive potential while controlling for genetic relatedness and emotional closeness, we provide a demonstration of the direct causal effects of reproductive potential on helping intentions, supporting the inclusive fitness explanation of kin altruism. author = {Schriver, J and Perunovic, WQE and Brymer, K and Hachey, T}, title = {Do Relatives With Greater Reproductive Potential Get Help First?: A Test of the Inclusive Fitness Explanation of Kin Altruism.}, abstract = {According to inclusive fitness theory, people are more willing to help those they are genetically related to because relatives share a kin altruism gene and are able to pass it along. We tested this theory by examining the effect of reproductive potential on altruism. Participants read hypothetical scenarios and chose between cousins (Studies 1 and 2) and cousins and friends (Study 3) to help with mundane chores or a life-or-death rescue. In life-or-death situations, participants were more willing to help a cousin preparing to conceive rather than adopt a child (Study 1) and a cousin with high rather than low chance of reproducing (Studies 2 and 3). Patterns in the mundane condition were less consistent. Emotional closeness also contributed to helping intentions (Studies 1 and 2). By experimentally manipulating reproductive potential while controlling for genetic relatedness and emotional closeness, we provide a demonstration of the direct causal effects of reproductive potential on helping intentions, supporting the inclusive fitness explanation of kin altruism.}, Berkowic D, S Markman (2019) Weighing density and kinship: Aggressive behavior and time allocation in fire salamander (Salamandra infraimmaculata). Kin-biased behavior (that is responding differentially to kin and non-kin) is thought to be adaptive in many social interactions. One example of this kin bias is behaving less aggressively toward a relative than a non-relative, a behavior which yields inclusive fitness benefits. However, data are lacking about the ability of animals to weigh their preference for kinship and the density of conspecifics simultaneously and to respond accordingly. Fire salamanders (Salamandra infraimmaculata) larviposit in high densities in ponds. Thus, larvae of different females confront competition and predation by other larvae. We studied whether larvae prefer their kin over particular density or vice versa. We experimentally used a transparent glass aquarium with inner chambers to test the responses of a focal larva toward its siblings and non-siblings. Specifically, we quantified the time a focal larva spent near its siblings or non-siblings, presented in varying densities, and the aggression level it demonstrated. We found that focal larvae spent more time near non-siblings if non-sibling and sibling groups were of equal density. The focal larvae were also more aggressive toward non-siblings. The results may be explained by the cannibalistic nature of these larvae: high density may provide more opportunities for food, especially when non-siblings are present. Further explanations for these findings may include other advantages of staying in a larger group and/or the stronger olfactory and visual stimulation offered by groups compared to a single individual. These findings suggest that larvae make differential responses toward conspecifics depending simultaneously on the level of relatedness and the density of the group. Such responses have important implications for social-aggregation decisions and may especially affect the fitness of cannibalistic species. author = {Berkowic, D and Markman, S}, title = {Weighing density and kinship: Aggressive behavior and time allocation in fire salamander (Salamandra infraimmaculata).}, abstract = {Kin-biased behavior (that is responding differentially to kin and non-kin) is thought to be adaptive in many social interactions. One example of this kin bias is behaving less aggressively toward a relative than a non-relative, a behavior which yields inclusive fitness benefits. However, data are lacking about the ability of animals to weigh their preference for kinship and the density of conspecifics simultaneously and to respond accordingly. Fire salamanders (Salamandra infraimmaculata) larviposit in high densities in ponds. Thus, larvae of different females confront competition and predation by other larvae. We studied whether larvae prefer their kin over particular density or vice versa. We experimentally used a transparent glass aquarium with inner chambers to test the responses of a focal larva toward its siblings and non-siblings. Specifically, we quantified the time a focal larva spent near its siblings or non-siblings, presented in varying densities, and the aggression level it demonstrated. We found that focal larvae spent more time near non-siblings if non-sibling and sibling groups were of equal density. The focal larvae were also more aggressive toward non-siblings. The results may be explained by the cannibalistic nature of these larvae: high density may provide more opportunities for food, especially when non-siblings are present. Further explanations for these findings may include other advantages of staying in a larger group and/or the stronger olfactory and visual stimulation offered by groups compared to a single individual. These findings suggest that larvae make differential responses toward conspecifics depending simultaneously on the level of relatedness and the density of the group. Such responses have important implications for social-aggregation decisions and may especially affect the fitness of cannibalistic species.}, Spivak M, Goblirsch M, M Simone-Finstrom (2019) Social-medication in bees: the line between individual and social regulation. Current opinion in insect science, 33:49-55. We use the term social-medication to describe the deliberate consumption or use of plant compounds by social insects that are detrimental to a pathogen or parasite at the colony level, result in increased inclusive fitness to the colony, and have potential costs either at the individual or colony level in the absence of parasite infection. These criteria for social-medication differ from those for self-medication in that inclusive fitness costs and benefits are distinguished from individual costs and benefits. The consumption of pollen and nectar may be considered a form of social immunity if they help fight infection, resulting in a demonstrated increase in colony health and survival. However, the dietary use of pollen and nectar per se is likely not a form of social-medication unless there is a detriment or cost to their consumption in the absence of parasite infection, such as when they contain phytochemicals that are toxic at certain doses. We provide examples among social bees (bumblebees, stingless bees and honey bees) in which the consumption or use of plant compounds have a demonstrated role in parasite defense and health of the colony. We indicate where more work is needed to distinguish between prophylactic and therapeutic effects of these compounds, and whether the effects are observed at the individual or colony level. author = {Spivak, M and Goblirsch, M and Simone-Finstrom, M}, title = {Social-medication in bees: the line between individual and social regulation.}, journal = {Current opinion in insect science}, doi = {10.1016/j.cois.2019.02.009}, abstract = {We use the term social-medication to describe the deliberate consumption or use of plant compounds by social insects that are detrimental to a pathogen or parasite at the colony level, result in increased inclusive fitness to the colony, and have potential costs either at the individual or colony level in the absence of parasite infection. These criteria for social-medication differ from those for self-medication in that inclusive fitness costs and benefits are distinguished from individual costs and benefits. The consumption of pollen and nectar may be considered a form of social immunity if they help fight infection, resulting in a demonstrated increase in colony health and survival. However, the dietary use of pollen and nectar per se is likely not a form of social-medication unless there is a detriment or cost to their consumption in the absence of parasite infection, such as when they contain phytochemicals that are toxic at certain doses. We provide examples among social bees (bumblebees, stingless bees and honey bees) in which the consumption or use of plant compounds have a demonstrated role in parasite defense and health of the colony. We indicate where more work is needed to distinguish between prophylactic and therapeutic effects of these compounds, and whether the effects are observed at the individual or colony level.}, Birch J (2019) Inclusive fitness as a criterion for improvement. I distinguish two roles for a fitness concept in the context of explaining cumulative adaptive evolution: fitness as a predictor of gene frequency change, and fitness as a criterion for phenotypic improvement. Critics of inclusive fitness argue, correctly, that it is not an ideal fitness concept for the purpose of predicting gene-frequency change, since it relies on assumptions about the causal structure of social interaction that are unlikely to be exactly true in real populations, and that hold as approximations only given a specific type of weak selection. However, Hamilton took this type of weak selection, on independent grounds, to be responsible for cumulative assembly of complex adaptations. In this special context, I argue that inclusive fitness is distinctively valuable as a criterion for improvement and a standard for optimality. Yet to call inclusive fitness a criterion for improvement and a standard for optimality is not to make any claim about the frequency with which inclusive fitness optimization actually occurs in nature. This is an empirical question that cannot be settled by theory alone. I close with some reflections on the place of inclusive fitness in the long running clash between 'causalist' and 'statisticalist' conceptions of fitness. author = {Birch, J}, title = {Inclusive fitness as a criterion for improvement.}, mesh = {Biological Evolution ; Biology/methods ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Fitness ; Models, Genetic ; Philosophy ; }, abstract = {I distinguish two roles for a fitness concept in the context of explaining cumulative adaptive evolution: fitness as a predictor of gene frequency change, and fitness as a criterion for phenotypic improvement. Critics of inclusive fitness argue, correctly, that it is not an ideal fitness concept for the purpose of predicting gene-frequency change, since it relies on assumptions about the causal structure of social interaction that are unlikely to be exactly true in real populations, and that hold as approximations only given a specific type of weak selection. However, Hamilton took this type of weak selection, on independent grounds, to be responsible for cumulative assembly of complex adaptations. In this special context, I argue that inclusive fitness is distinctively valuable as a criterion for improvement and a standard for optimality. Yet to call inclusive fitness a criterion for improvement and a standard for optimality is not to make any claim about the frequency with which inclusive fitness optimization actually occurs in nature. This is an empirical question that cannot be settled by theory alone. I close with some reflections on the place of inclusive fitness in the long running clash between 'causalist' and 'statisticalist' conceptions of fitness.}, Biology/methods Gene Frequency Models, Genetic Huneman P (2019) Revisiting darwinian teleology: A case for inclusive fitness as design explanation. This paper elaborates a general framework to make sense of teleological explanations in Darwinian evolutionary biology. It relies on an attempt to tie natural selection to a sense of optimization. First, after assessing the objections made by any attempt to view selection as a maximising process within population genetics, it understands Grafen's Formal Darwinism (FD) as a conceptual link established between population genetics and behavioral ecology's adaptationist framework (without any empirical commitments). Thus I suggest that this provides a way to make sense of teleological explanations in biology under their various modes. Then the paper criticizes two major ways of accounting for teleology: a Darwinian one, the etiological view of biological functions, and a non-Darwinian one, here labeled "intrinsic teleology" view, which covers several subtypes of accounts, including plasticity-oriented conceptions of evolution or organizational views of function. The former is centered on traits while the latter is centered on organisms; this is shown to imply that both accounts are unable to provide a systematic understanding of biological teleology. Finally the paper argues that viewing teleology as maximization of inclusive fitness along the FD lines as understood here allows one to make sense of both the design of organisms and the individual traits as adaptions. Such notion is thereby claimed to be the proper meaning of teleology in evolutionary biology, since it avoids the opposed pitfalls of etiological views and intrinsic-teleology view, while accounting for the same features as they do. author = {Huneman, P}, title = {Revisiting darwinian teleology: A case for inclusive fitness as design explanation.}, mesh = {Biological Evolution ; Biology/methods ; Genetic Fitness ; Models, Genetic ; Philosophy ; }, abstract = {This paper elaborates a general framework to make sense of teleological explanations in Darwinian evolutionary biology. It relies on an attempt to tie natural selection to a sense of optimization. First, after assessing the objections made by any attempt to view selection as a maximising process within population genetics, it understands Grafen's Formal Darwinism (FD) as a conceptual link established between population genetics and behavioral ecology's adaptationist framework (without any empirical commitments). Thus I suggest that this provides a way to make sense of teleological explanations in biology under their various modes. Then the paper criticizes two major ways of accounting for teleology: a Darwinian one, the etiological view of biological functions, and a non-Darwinian one, here labeled "intrinsic teleology" view, which covers several subtypes of accounts, including plasticity-oriented conceptions of evolution or organizational views of function. The former is centered on traits while the latter is centered on organisms; this is shown to imply that both accounts are unable to provide a systematic understanding of biological teleology. Finally the paper argues that viewing teleology as maximization of inclusive fitness along the FD lines as understood here allows one to make sense of both the design of organisms and the individual traits as adaptions. Such notion is thereby claimed to be the proper meaning of teleology in evolutionary biology, since it avoids the opposed pitfalls of etiological views and intrinsic-teleology view, while accounting for the same features as they do.}, Mullon C, L Lehmann (2019) An evolutionary quantitative genetics model for phenotypic (co)variances under limited dispersal, with an application to socially synergistic traits. Evolution; international journal of organic evolution, 73(9):1695-1728. Darwinian evolution consists of the gradual transformation of heritable traits due to natural selection and the input of random variation by mutation. Here, we use a quantitative genetics approach to investigate the coevolution of multiple quantitative traits under selection, mutation, and limited dispersal. We track the dynamics of trait means and of variance-covariances between traits that experience frequency-dependent selection. Assuming a multivariate-normal trait distribution, we recover classical dynamics of quantitative genetics, as well as stability and evolutionary branching conditions of invasion analyses, except that due to limited dispersal, selection depends on indirect fitness effects and relatedness. In particular, correlational selection that associates different traits within-individuals depends on the fitness effects of such associations between-individuals. We find that these kin selection effects can be as relevant as pleiotropy for the evolution of correlation between traits. We illustrate this with an example of the coevolution of two social traits whose association within-individuals is costly but synergistically beneficial between-individuals. As dispersal becomes limited and relatedness increases, associations between-traits between-individuals become increasingly targeted by correlational selection. Consequently, the trait distribution goes from being bimodal with a negative correlation under panmixia to unimodal with a positive correlation under limited dispersal. author = {Mullon, C and Lehmann, L}, title = {An evolutionary quantitative genetics model for phenotypic (co)variances under limited dispersal, with an application to socially synergistic traits.}, journal = {Evolution; international journal of organic evolution}, doi = {10.1111/evo.13803}, support = {PP00P3-123344//Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung/ ; }, abstract = {Darwinian evolution consists of the gradual transformation of heritable traits due to natural selection and the input of random variation by mutation. Here, we use a quantitative genetics approach to investigate the coevolution of multiple quantitative traits under selection, mutation, and limited dispersal. We track the dynamics of trait means and of variance-covariances between traits that experience frequency-dependent selection. Assuming a multivariate-normal trait distribution, we recover classical dynamics of quantitative genetics, as well as stability and evolutionary branching conditions of invasion analyses, except that due to limited dispersal, selection depends on indirect fitness effects and relatedness. In particular, correlational selection that associates different traits within-individuals depends on the fitness effects of such associations between-individuals. We find that these kin selection effects can be as relevant as pleiotropy for the evolution of correlation between traits. We illustrate this with an example of the coevolution of two social traits whose association within-individuals is costly but synergistically beneficial between-individuals. As dispersal becomes limited and relatedness increases, associations between-traits between-individuals become increasingly targeted by correlational selection. Consequently, the trait distribution goes from being bimodal with a negative correlation under panmixia to unimodal with a positive correlation under limited dispersal.}, Garay J, Garay BM, Varga Z, et al (2019) To save or not to save your family member's life? Evolutionary stability of self-sacrificing life history strategy in monogamous sexual populations. BMC evolutionary biology, 19(1):147 pii:10.1186/s12862-019-1478-0. BACKGROUND: For the understanding of human nature, the evolutionary roots of human moral behaviour are a key precondition. Our question is as follows: Can the altruistic moral rule "Risk your life to save your family members, if you want them to save your life" be evolutionary stable? There are three research approaches to investigate this problem: kin selection, group selection and population genetics modelling. The present study is strictly based on the last approach. RESULTS: We consider monogamous and exogamous families, where at an autosomal locus, dominant-recessive alleles determine the phenotypes in a sexual population. Since all individuals' survival rate is determined by their altruistic family members, we introduce a new population genetics model based on the mating table approach and adapt the verbal definition of evolutionary stability to genotypes. In general, when the resident is recessive, a homozygote is an evolutionarily stable genotype (ESG), if the number of survivors of the resident genotype of the resident homozygote family is greater than that of non-resident heterozygote survivors of the family of the resident homozygote and mutant heterozygote genotypes. Using the introduced genotype dynamics we proved that in the recessive case ESG implies local stability of the altruistic genotype. We apply our general ESG conditions for self-sacrificing life history strategy when the number of new-born offspring does not depend on interactions within the family and the interactions are additive. We find that in this case our ESG conditions give back Hamilton's rule for evolutionary stability of the self-sacrificing life history strategy. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the fact that the kidney transplantations was not a selection factor during the earlier human evolution, nowadays "self-sacrificing" can be observed in the live donor kidney transplantations, when the donor is one of the family members. It seems that selection for self-sacrificing in family produced an innate moral tendency in modulating social cognition in human brain. author = {Garay, J and Garay, BM and Varga, Z and Csiszár, V and Móri, TF}, title = {To save or not to save your family member's life? Evolutionary stability of self-sacrificing life history strategy in monogamous sexual populations.}, journal = {BMC evolutionary biology}, pages = {147}, mesh = {Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Humans ; Life Cycle Stages ; Mutation/genetics ; Phenotype ; Sexual Behavior ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: For the understanding of human nature, the evolutionary roots of human moral behaviour are a key precondition. Our question is as follows: Can the altruistic moral rule "Risk your life to save your family members, if you want them to save your life" be evolutionary stable? There are three research approaches to investigate this problem: kin selection, group selection and population genetics modelling. The present study is strictly based on the last approach. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the fact that the kidney transplantations was not a selection factor during the earlier human evolution, nowadays "self-sacrificing" can be observed in the live donor kidney transplantations, when the donor is one of the family members. It seems that selection for self-sacrificing in family produced an innate moral tendency in modulating social cognition in human brain.}, Genetics, Population Life Cycle Stages Sexual Behavior Woodford P (2019) Evaluating inclusive fitness. Royal Society open science, 6(6):190644 pii:rsos190644. author = {Woodford, P}, title = {Evaluating inclusive fitness.}, doi = {10.1098/rsos.190644}, Koster J, Lukas D, Nolin D, et al (2019) Kinship ties across the lifespan in human communities. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 374(1780):20180069. A hypothesis for the evolution of long post-reproductive lifespans in the human lineage involves asymmetries in relatedness between young immigrant females and the older females in their new groups. In these circumstances, inter-generational reproductive conflicts between younger and older females are predicted to resolve in favour of the younger females, who realize fewer inclusive fitness benefits from ceding reproduction to others. This conceptual model anticipates that immigrants to a community initially have few kin ties to others in the group, gradually showing greater relatedness to group members as they have descendants who remain with them in the group. We examine this prediction in a cross-cultural sample of communities, which vary in their sex-biased dispersal patterns and other aspects of social organization. Drawing on genealogical and demographic data, the analysis provides general but not comprehensive support for the prediction that average relatedness of immigrants to other group members increases as they age. In rare cases, natal members of the community also exhibit age-related increases in relatedness. We also find large variation in the proportion of female group members who are immigrants, beyond simple traditional considerations of patrilocality or matrilocality, which raises questions about the circumstances under which this hypothesis of female competition are met. We consider possible explanations for these heterogenous results, and we address methodological considerations that merit increased attention for research on kinship and reproductive conflict in human societies. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals'. author = {Koster, J and Lukas, D and Nolin, D and Power, E and Alvergne, A and Mace, R and Ross, CT and Kramer, K and Greaves, R and Caudell, M and MacFarlan, S and Schniter, E and Quinlan, R and Mattison, S and Reynolds, A and Yi-Sum, C and Massengill, E}, title = {Kinship ties across the lifespan in human communities.}, journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.2018.0069}, abstract = {A hypothesis for the evolution of long post-reproductive lifespans in the human lineage involves asymmetries in relatedness between young immigrant females and the older females in their new groups. In these circumstances, inter-generational reproductive conflicts between younger and older females are predicted to resolve in favour of the younger females, who realize fewer inclusive fitness benefits from ceding reproduction to others. This conceptual model anticipates that immigrants to a community initially have few kin ties to others in the group, gradually showing greater relatedness to group members as they have descendants who remain with them in the group. We examine this prediction in a cross-cultural sample of communities, which vary in their sex-biased dispersal patterns and other aspects of social organization. Drawing on genealogical and demographic data, the analysis provides general but not comprehensive support for the prediction that average relatedness of immigrants to other group members increases as they age. In rare cases, natal members of the community also exhibit age-related increases in relatedness. We also find large variation in the proportion of female group members who are immigrants, beyond simple traditional considerations of patrilocality or matrilocality, which raises questions about the circumstances under which this hypothesis of female competition are met. We consider possible explanations for these heterogenous results, and we address methodological considerations that merit increased attention for research on kinship and reproductive conflict in human societies. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals'.}, Lynch EC, Lummaa V, Htut W, et al (2019) Evolutionary significance of maternal kinship in a long-lived mammal. Preferential treatment of kin is widespread across social species and is considered a central prerequisite to the evolution of cooperation through kin selection. Though it is well known that, among most social mammals, females will remain within their natal group and often bias social behaviour towards female maternal kin, less is known about the fitness consequences of these relationships. We test the fitness benefits of living with maternal sisters, measured by age-specific female reproduction, using an unusually large database of a semi-captive Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) population. This study system is particularly valuable to an exploration of reproductive trends in a long-lived mammal, because it includes life-history data that span multiple generations, enabling a study of the effects of kinship across a female's lifespan. We find that living near a sister significantly increased the likelihood of annual reproduction among young female elephants, and this effect was strongest when living near a sister 0-5 years younger. Our results show that fitness benefits gained from relationships with kin are age-specific, establish the basis necessary for the formation and maintenance of close social relationships with female kin, and highlight the adaptive importance of matriliny in a long-lived mammal. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals'. author = {Lynch, EC and Lummaa, V and Htut, W and Lahdenperä, M}, title = {Evolutionary significance of maternal kinship in a long-lived mammal.}, abstract = {Preferential treatment of kin is widespread across social species and is considered a central prerequisite to the evolution of cooperation through kin selection. Though it is well known that, among most social mammals, females will remain within their natal group and often bias social behaviour towards female maternal kin, less is known about the fitness consequences of these relationships. We test the fitness benefits of living with maternal sisters, measured by age-specific female reproduction, using an unusually large database of a semi-captive Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) population. This study system is particularly valuable to an exploration of reproductive trends in a long-lived mammal, because it includes life-history data that span multiple generations, enabling a study of the effects of kinship across a female's lifespan. We find that living near a sister significantly increased the likelihood of annual reproduction among young female elephants, and this effect was strongest when living near a sister 0-5 years younger. Our results show that fitness benefits gained from relationships with kin are age-specific, establish the basis necessary for the formation and maintenance of close social relationships with female kin, and highlight the adaptive importance of matriliny in a long-lived mammal. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals'.}, Holekamp KE, MA Sawdy (2019) The evolution of matrilineal social systems in fissiped carnivores. We review matrilineal relationships in the societies of fissiped mammalian carnivores, focusing on how the most complex of these may have evolved from simpler systems. Although competition for food is very intense at the trophic level occupied by most carnivores, and although most species of extant fissiped carnivores therefore lead solitary lives, some species show at least rudimentary clustering of maternal kin and matrilineal resource-sharing or transmission of critical resources between generations. The resources shared or transmitted range from individual food items and territories to entire networks of potential allies. The greatest elaboration of matrilineal relationships has occurred in two large carnivores, lions and spotted hyenas, which occur sympatrically throughout much of Africa. The societies of both these species apparently evolved in response to a shared suite of ecological conditions. The highly matrilineal societies of spotted hyenas are unique among carnivores and closely resemble the societies of many cercopithecine primates. The conditions favouring the evolution of matrilineal societies in carnivores include male-biased dispersal, female philopatry, the need for assistance in protecting or provisioning offspring, reliance on large or abundant prey, particularly in open habitat, high population density and kin-structured cooperative interactions that have strong positive effects on fitness. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals'. author = {Holekamp, KE and Sawdy, MA}, title = {The evolution of matrilineal social systems in fissiped carnivores.}, abstract = {We review matrilineal relationships in the societies of fissiped mammalian carnivores, focusing on how the most complex of these may have evolved from simpler systems. Although competition for food is very intense at the trophic level occupied by most carnivores, and although most species of extant fissiped carnivores therefore lead solitary lives, some species show at least rudimentary clustering of maternal kin and matrilineal resource-sharing or transmission of critical resources between generations. The resources shared or transmitted range from individual food items and territories to entire networks of potential allies. The greatest elaboration of matrilineal relationships has occurred in two large carnivores, lions and spotted hyenas, which occur sympatrically throughout much of Africa. The societies of both these species apparently evolved in response to a shared suite of ecological conditions. The highly matrilineal societies of spotted hyenas are unique among carnivores and closely resemble the societies of many cercopithecine primates. The conditions favouring the evolution of matrilineal societies in carnivores include male-biased dispersal, female philopatry, the need for assistance in protecting or provisioning offspring, reliance on large or abundant prey, particularly in open habitat, high population density and kin-structured cooperative interactions that have strong positive effects on fitness. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals'.}, Ross L, Davies NG, A Gardner (2019) How to make a haploid male. Evolution letters, 3(2):173-184 pii:EVL3107. Haplodiploidy has evolved repeatedly among invertebrates, and appears to be associated with inbreeding. Evolutionary biologists have long debated the possible benefits for females in diplodiploid species to produce haploid sons-beginning their population's transition to haplodiploidy-and whether inbreeding promotes or inhibits this transition. However, little attention has been given to what makes a haploid individual male rather than female, and whether the mechanism of sex determination may modulate the costs and benefits of male haploidy. We remedy this by performing a theoretical analysis of the origin and invasion of male haploidy across the full range of sex-determination mechanisms and sib-mating rates. We find that male haploidy is facilitated by three different mechanisms of sex determination-all involving male heterogamety-and impeded by the others. We also find that inbreeding does not pose an obvious evolutionary barrier, on account of a previously neglected sex-ratio effect whereby the production of haploid sons leads to an abundance of granddaughters that is advantageous in the context of inbreeding. We find empirical support for these predictions in a survey of sex determination and inbreeding across haplodiploids and their sister taxa. author = {Ross, L and Davies, NG and Gardner, A}, title = {How to make a haploid male.}, doi = {10.1002/evl3.107}, abstract = {Haplodiploidy has evolved repeatedly among invertebrates, and appears to be associated with inbreeding. Evolutionary biologists have long debated the possible benefits for females in diplodiploid species to produce haploid sons-beginning their population's transition to haplodiploidy-and whether inbreeding promotes or inhibits this transition. However, little attention has been given to what makes a haploid individual male rather than female, and whether the mechanism of sex determination may modulate the costs and benefits of male haploidy. We remedy this by performing a theoretical analysis of the origin and invasion of male haploidy across the full range of sex-determination mechanisms and sib-mating rates. We find that male haploidy is facilitated by three different mechanisms of sex determination-all involving male heterogamety-and impeded by the others. We also find that inbreeding does not pose an obvious evolutionary barrier, on account of a previously neglected sex-ratio effect whereby the production of haploid sons leads to an abundance of granddaughters that is advantageous in the context of inbreeding. We find empirical support for these predictions in a survey of sex determination and inbreeding across haplodiploids and their sister taxa.}, Ng YL (2019) Active and Passive Facebook Use and Associated Costly Off-line Helping Behavior. Psychological reports [Epub ahead of print]. author = {Ng, YL}, title = {Active and Passive Facebook Use and Associated Costly Off-line Helping Behavior.}, journal = {Psychological reports}, pages = {33294119860262}, Leeks A, Dos Santos M, SA West (2019) Transmission, relatedness, and the evolution of cooperative symbionts. Cooperative interactions between species, termed mutualisms, play a key role in shaping natural ecosystems, economically important agricultural systems, and in influencing human health. Across different mutualisms, there is significant variation in the benefit that hosts receive from their symbionts. Empirical data suggest that transmission mode can help explain this variation: vertical transmission, where symbionts infect their host's offspring, leads to symbionts that provide greater benefits to their hosts than horizontal transmission, where symbionts leave their host and infect other hosts in the population. However, two different theoretical explanations have been given for this pattern: firstly, vertical transmission aligns the fitness interests of hosts and their symbionts; secondly, vertical transmission leads to increased relatedness between symbionts sharing a host, favouring cooperation between symbionts. We used a combination of analytical models and dynamic simulations to tease these factors apart, in order to compare their separate influences and see how they interact. We found that relatedness between symbionts sharing a host, rather than transmission mode per se, was the most important factor driving symbiont cooperation. Transmission mode mattered mainly because it determined relatedness. We also found evolutionary branching throughout much of our simulation, suggesting that a combination of transmission mode and multiplicity of infections could lead to the stable coexistence of different symbiont strategies. author = {Leeks, A and Dos Santos, M and West, SA}, title = {Transmission, relatedness, and the evolution of cooperative symbionts.}, support = {P2LAP3-158669//Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung/ ; BB/M011224/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; }, abstract = {Cooperative interactions between species, termed mutualisms, play a key role in shaping natural ecosystems, economically important agricultural systems, and in influencing human health. Across different mutualisms, there is significant variation in the benefit that hosts receive from their symbionts. Empirical data suggest that transmission mode can help explain this variation: vertical transmission, where symbionts infect their host's offspring, leads to symbionts that provide greater benefits to their hosts than horizontal transmission, where symbionts leave their host and infect other hosts in the population. However, two different theoretical explanations have been given for this pattern: firstly, vertical transmission aligns the fitness interests of hosts and their symbionts; secondly, vertical transmission leads to increased relatedness between symbionts sharing a host, favouring cooperation between symbionts. We used a combination of analytical models and dynamic simulations to tease these factors apart, in order to compare their separate influences and see how they interact. We found that relatedness between symbionts sharing a host, rather than transmission mode per se, was the most important factor driving symbiont cooperation. Transmission mode mattered mainly because it determined relatedness. We also found evolutionary branching throughout much of our simulation, suggesting that a combination of transmission mode and multiplicity of infections could lead to the stable coexistence of different symbiont strategies.}, Bourke AF (2019) Inclusive fitness and the major transitions in evolution. Inclusive fitness theory is the leading framework for explaining the major transitions in evolution, whereby free-living subunits (e.g. cells, organisms) have cooperated to form new, higher-level units (e.g. organisms, eusocial societies). The theory has attracted considerable controversy. From a brief survey of the controversy's present status, I conclude that inclusive fitness theory continues to provide both a concept and a principled modelling tool of value for understanding social evolution, including major transitions. Turning to new developments in the study of major transitions, I describe work defining the point of occurrence of major transitions and, from inclusive fitness theory, the required conditions. I also suggest that it remains important to understand the evolution of individuality that occurs beyond such thresholds. author = {Bourke, AF}, title = {Inclusive fitness and the major transitions in evolution.}, abstract = {Inclusive fitness theory is the leading framework for explaining the major transitions in evolution, whereby free-living subunits (e.g. cells, organisms) have cooperated to form new, higher-level units (e.g. organisms, eusocial societies). The theory has attracted considerable controversy. From a brief survey of the controversy's present status, I conclude that inclusive fitness theory continues to provide both a concept and a principled modelling tool of value for understanding social evolution, including major transitions. Turning to new developments in the study of major transitions, I describe work defining the point of occurrence of major transitions and, from inclusive fitness theory, the required conditions. I also suggest that it remains important to understand the evolution of individuality that occurs beyond such thresholds.}, Fromhage L, MD Jennions (2019) The strategic reference gene: an organismal theory of inclusive fitness. How to define and use the concept of inclusive fitness is a contentious topic in evolutionary theory. Inclusive fitness can be used to calculate selection on a focal gene, but it is also applied to whole organisms. Individuals are then predicted to appear designed as if to maximize their inclusive fitness, provided that certain conditions are met (formally when interactions between individuals are 'additive'). Here we argue that applying the concept of inclusive fitness to organisms is justified under far broader conditions than previously shown, but only if it is appropriately defined. Specifically, we propose that organisms should maximize the sum of their offspring (including any accrued due to the behaviour/phenotype of relatives), plus any effects on their relatives' offspring production, weighted by relatedness. By contrast, most theoreticians have argued that a focal individual's inclusive fitness should exclude any offspring accrued due to the behaviour of relatives. Our approach is based on the notion that long-term evolution follows the genome's 'majority interest' of building coherent bodies that are efficient 'vehicles' for gene propagation. A gene favoured by selection that reduces the propagation of unlinked genes at other loci (e.g. meiotic segregation distorters that lower sperm production) is eventually neutralized by counter-selection throughout the rest of the genome. Most phenotypes will therefore appear as if designed to maximize the propagation of any given gene in a focal individual and its relatives. author = {Fromhage, L and Jennions, MD}, title = {The strategic reference gene: an organismal theory of inclusive fitness.}, abstract = {How to define and use the concept of inclusive fitness is a contentious topic in evolutionary theory. Inclusive fitness can be used to calculate selection on a focal gene, but it is also applied to whole organisms. Individuals are then predicted to appear designed as if to maximize their inclusive fitness, provided that certain conditions are met (formally when interactions between individuals are 'additive'). Here we argue that applying the concept of inclusive fitness to organisms is justified under far broader conditions than previously shown, but only if it is appropriately defined. Specifically, we propose that organisms should maximize the sum of their offspring (including any accrued due to the behaviour/phenotype of relatives), plus any effects on their relatives' offspring production, weighted by relatedness. By contrast, most theoreticians have argued that a focal individual's inclusive fitness should exclude any offspring accrued due to the behaviour of relatives. Our approach is based on the notion that long-term evolution follows the genome's 'majority interest' of building coherent bodies that are efficient 'vehicles' for gene propagation. A gene favoured by selection that reduces the propagation of unlinked genes at other loci (e.g. meiotic segregation distorters that lower sperm production) is eventually neutralized by counter-selection throughout the rest of the genome. Most phenotypes will therefore appear as if designed to maximize the propagation of any given gene in a focal individual and its relatives.}, Rautiala P, Helanterä H, M Puurtinen (2019) Extended haplodiploidy hypothesis. Evolution of altruistic behavior was a hurdle for the logic of Darwinian evolution. Soon after Hamilton formalized the concept of inclusive fitness, which explains how altruism can evolve, he suggested that the high sororal relatedness brought by haplodiploidy could be why Hymenopterans have a high prevalence in eusocial species, and why helpers in Hymenoptera are always female. Later it was noted that in order to capitalize on the high sororal relatedness, helpers would need to direct help toward sisters, and this would bias the population sex ratio. Under a 1:3 males:females sex ratio, the inclusive fitness valuation a female places on her sister, brother, and an own offspring are equal-apparently removing the benefit of helping over independent reproduction. Based on this argumentation, haplodiploidy hypothesis has been considered a red herring. However, here we show that when population sex ratio, cost of altruism, and population growth rate are considered together, haplodiploidy does promote female helping even with female-biased sex ratio, due the lowered cost of altruism in such populations. Our analysis highlights the need to re-evaluate the role of haplodiploidy in the evolution of helping, and the importance of fully exploring the model assumptions when comparing interactions of population sex ratios and social behaviors. author = {Rautiala, P and Helanterä, H and Puurtinen, M}, title = {Extended haplodiploidy hypothesis.}, abstract = {Evolution of altruistic behavior was a hurdle for the logic of Darwinian evolution. Soon after Hamilton formalized the concept of inclusive fitness, which explains how altruism can evolve, he suggested that the high sororal relatedness brought by haplodiploidy could be why Hymenopterans have a high prevalence in eusocial species, and why helpers in Hymenoptera are always female. Later it was noted that in order to capitalize on the high sororal relatedness, helpers would need to direct help toward sisters, and this would bias the population sex ratio. Under a 1:3 males:females sex ratio, the inclusive fitness valuation a female places on her sister, brother, and an own offspring are equal-apparently removing the benefit of helping over independent reproduction. Based on this argumentation, haplodiploidy hypothesis has been considered a red herring. However, here we show that when population sex ratio, cost of altruism, and population growth rate are considered together, haplodiploidy does promote female helping even with female-biased sex ratio, due the lowered cost of altruism in such populations. Our analysis highlights the need to re-evaluate the role of haplodiploidy in the evolution of helping, and the importance of fully exploring the model assumptions when comparing interactions of population sex ratios and social behaviors.}, Lenárt P, Zlámal F, Kukla L, et al (2019) Sibling relatedness rather than father absence predicts earlier age at menarche in ELSPAC cohort. Biology letters, 15(6):20190091. Many studies during the past 50 years have found an association between father absence and earlier menarche. In connection with these findings, several evolutionary theories assume that father absence is a causal factor accelerating reproductive development. However, a recent study analysing data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) found that father absence does not predict age at menarche when adjusted for sibling relatedness. In this study, we have replicated these results in the Czech section of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC), which used the same questionnaires as ALSPAC to study a geographically distinct population. Our results support the conclusion that sibling relatedness rather than father absence predicts age at menarche. Furthermore, our results show that age at menarche in 1990s UK and Czech cohorts is very similar despite socioeconomic differences between the two countries. author = {Lenárt, P and Zlámal, F and Kukla, L and Jarkovský, J and Bienertová-Vašků, J}, title = {Sibling relatedness rather than father absence predicts earlier age at menarche in ELSPAC cohort.}, journal = {Biology letters}, doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2019.0091}, mesh = {Age Factors ; Child ; Fathers ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Menarche ; Pregnancy ; Siblings ; }, abstract = {Many studies during the past 50 years have found an association between father absence and earlier menarche. In connection with these findings, several evolutionary theories assume that father absence is a causal factor accelerating reproductive development. However, a recent study analysing data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) found that father absence does not predict age at menarche when adjusted for sibling relatedness. In this study, we have replicated these results in the Czech section of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC), which used the same questionnaires as ALSPAC to study a geographically distinct population. Our results support the conclusion that sibling relatedness rather than father absence predicts age at menarche. Furthermore, our results show that age at menarche in 1990s UK and Czech cohorts is very similar despite socioeconomic differences between the two countries.}, Fathers Menarche Ostrowski EA (2019) Enforcing Cooperation in the Social Amoebae. Current biology : CB, 29(11):R474-R484. Cooperation has been essential to the evolution of biological complexity, but many societies struggle to overcome internal conflicts and divisions. Dictyostelium discoideum, or the social amoeba, has been a useful model system for exploring these conflicts and how they can be resolved. When starved, these cells communicate, gather into groups, and build themselves into a multicellular fruiting body. Some cells altruistically die to form the rigid stalk, while the remainder sit atop the stalk, become spores, and disperse. Evolutionary theory predicts that conflict will arise over which cells die to form the stalk and which cells become spores and survive. The power of the social amoeba lies in the ability to explore how cooperation and conflict work across multiple levels, ranging from proximate mechanisms (how does it work?) to ultimate evolutionary answers (why does it work?). Recent studies point to solutions to the problem of ensuring fairness, such as the ability to suppress selfishness and to recognize and avoid unrelated individuals. This work confirms a central role for kin selection, but also suggests new explanations for how social amoebae might enforce cooperation. New approaches based on genomics are also enabling researchers to decipher for the first time the evolutionary history of cooperation and conflict and to determine its role in shaping the biology of multicellular organisms. author = {Ostrowski, EA}, title = {Enforcing Cooperation in the Social Amoebae.}, pages = {R474-R484}, abstract = {Cooperation has been essential to the evolution of biological complexity, but many societies struggle to overcome internal conflicts and divisions. Dictyostelium discoideum, or the social amoeba, has been a useful model system for exploring these conflicts and how they can be resolved. When starved, these cells communicate, gather into groups, and build themselves into a multicellular fruiting body. Some cells altruistically die to form the rigid stalk, while the remainder sit atop the stalk, become spores, and disperse. Evolutionary theory predicts that conflict will arise over which cells die to form the stalk and which cells become spores and survive. The power of the social amoeba lies in the ability to explore how cooperation and conflict work across multiple levels, ranging from proximate mechanisms (how does it work?) to ultimate evolutionary answers (why does it work?). Recent studies point to solutions to the problem of ensuring fairness, such as the ability to suppress selfishness and to recognize and avoid unrelated individuals. This work confirms a central role for kin selection, but also suggests new explanations for how social amoebae might enforce cooperation. New approaches based on genomics are also enabling researchers to decipher for the first time the evolutionary history of cooperation and conflict and to determine its role in shaping the biology of multicellular organisms.}, Apicella CL, JB Silk (2019) The evolution of human cooperation. Darwin viewed cooperation as a perplexing challenge to his theory of natural selection. Natural selection generally favors the evolution of behaviors that enhance the fitness of individuals. Cooperative behavior, which increases the fitness of a recipient at the expense of the donor, contradicts this logic. William D. Hamilton helped to solve the puzzle when he showed that cooperation can evolve if cooperators direct benefits selectively to other cooperators (i.e. assortment). Kinship, group selection and the previous behavior of social partners all provide mechanisms for assortment (Figure 1), and kin selection and reciprocal altruism are the foundation of the kinds of cooperative behavior observed in many animals. Humans also bias cooperation in favor of kin and reciprocating partners, but the scope, scale, and variability of human cooperation greatly exceed that of other animals. Here, we introduce derived features of human cooperation in the context in which they originally evolved, and discuss the processes that may have shaped the evolution of our remarkable capacity for cooperation. We argue that culturally-evolved norms that specify how people should behave provide an evolutionarily novel mechanism for assortment, and play an important role in sustaining derived properties of cooperation in human groups. author = {Apicella, CL and Silk, JB}, title = {The evolution of human cooperation.}, abstract = {Darwin viewed cooperation as a perplexing challenge to his theory of natural selection. Natural selection generally favors the evolution of behaviors that enhance the fitness of individuals. Cooperative behavior, which increases the fitness of a recipient at the expense of the donor, contradicts this logic. William D. Hamilton helped to solve the puzzle when he showed that cooperation can evolve if cooperators direct benefits selectively to other cooperators (i.e. assortment). Kinship, group selection and the previous behavior of social partners all provide mechanisms for assortment (Figure 1), and kin selection and reciprocal altruism are the foundation of the kinds of cooperative behavior observed in many animals. Humans also bias cooperation in favor of kin and reciprocating partners, but the scope, scale, and variability of human cooperation greatly exceed that of other animals. Here, we introduce derived features of human cooperation in the context in which they originally evolved, and discuss the processes that may have shaped the evolution of our remarkable capacity for cooperation. We argue that culturally-evolved norms that specify how people should behave provide an evolutionarily novel mechanism for assortment, and play an important role in sustaining derived properties of cooperation in human groups.}, Kay T, Lehmann L, L Keller (2019) Kin selection and altruism. Natural selection is predicated on the 'struggle for existence': life is short, cruel and, whether through predation, disease or starvation, often ends traumatically. It would seem that in such a dog-eat-dog world, organisms ought to act selfishly, and avoid reducing their fitness (expected survival and reproductive success) by expending time and energy helping others. Put another way, alleles that increase the probability of altruism - a behavior whose expression increases the fitness of recipients while decreasing that of the actor - should decrease in frequency across generations and ultimately disappear. author = {Kay, T and Lehmann, L and Keller, L}, title = {Kin selection and altruism.}, abstract = {Natural selection is predicated on the 'struggle for existence': life is short, cruel and, whether through predation, disease or starvation, often ends traumatically. It would seem that in such a dog-eat-dog world, organisms ought to act selfishly, and avoid reducing their fitness (expected survival and reproductive success) by expending time and energy helping others. Put another way, alleles that increase the probability of altruism - a behavior whose expression increases the fitness of recipients while decreasing that of the actor - should decrease in frequency across generations and ultimately disappear.}, Are kin and group selection rivals or friends?. Kin selection and group selection were once seen as competing explanatory hypotheses but now tend to be seen as equivalent ways of describing the same basic idea. Yet this 'equivalence thesis' seems not to have brought proponents of kin selection and group selection any closer together. This may be because the equivalence thesis merely shows the equivalence of two statistical formalisms without saying anything about causality. W.D. Hamilton was the first to derive an equivalence result of this type. Yet Hamilton was aware of its limitations, and saw that, while illuminating, it papered over some biologically important distinctions. Attending to these distinctions leads to the concept of 'K-G space', which helps us see where the biological disagreements between proponents of kin selection and group selection really lie. title = {Are kin and group selection rivals or friends?.}, abstract = {Kin selection and group selection were once seen as competing explanatory hypotheses but now tend to be seen as equivalent ways of describing the same basic idea. Yet this 'equivalence thesis' seems not to have brought proponents of kin selection and group selection any closer together. This may be because the equivalence thesis merely shows the equivalence of two statistical formalisms without saying anything about causality. W.D. Hamilton was the first to derive an equivalence result of this type. Yet Hamilton was aware of its limitations, and saw that, while illuminating, it papered over some biologically important distinctions. Attending to these distinctions leads to the concept of 'K-G space', which helps us see where the biological disagreements between proponents of kin selection and group selection really lie.}, Southon RJ, Bell EF, Graystock P, et al (2019) High indirect fitness benefits for helpers across the nesting cycle in the tropical paper wasp Polistes canadensis. Explaining the evolution of helping behaviour in the eusocial insects where nonreproductive ("worker") individuals help raise the offspring of other individuals ("queens") remains one of the most perplexing phenomena in the natural world. Polistes paper wasps are popular study models, as workers retain the ability to reproduce: such totipotency is likely representative of the early stages of social evolution. Polistes is thought to have originated in the tropics, where seasonal constraints on reproductive options are weak and social groups are effectively perennial. Yet, most Polistes research has focused on nontropical species, where seasonality causes family groups to disperse; cofoundresses forming new nests the following spring are often unrelated, leading to the suggestion that direct fitness through nest inheritance is key in the evolution of helping behaviour. Here, we present the first comprehensive genetic study of social structure across the perennial nesting cycle of a tropical Polistes-Polistes canadensis. Using both microsatellites and newly developed single nucleotide polymorphism markers, we show that adult cofoundresses are highly related and that brood production is monopolized by a single female across the nesting cycle. Nonreproductive cofoundresses in tropical Polistes therefore have the potential to gain high indirect fitness benefits as helpers from the outset of group formation, and these benefits persist through the nesting cycle. Direct fitness may have been less important in the origin of Polistes sociality than previously suggested. These findings stress the importance of studying a range of species with diverse life history and ecologies when considering the evolution of reproductive strategies. author = {Southon, RJ and Bell, EF and Graystock, P and Wyatt, CDR and Radford, AN and Sumner, S}, title = {High indirect fitness benefits for helpers across the nesting cycle in the tropical paper wasp Polistes canadensis.}, abstract = {Explaining the evolution of helping behaviour in the eusocial insects where nonreproductive ("worker") individuals help raise the offspring of other individuals ("queens") remains one of the most perplexing phenomena in the natural world. Polistes paper wasps are popular study models, as workers retain the ability to reproduce: such totipotency is likely representative of the early stages of social evolution. Polistes is thought to have originated in the tropics, where seasonal constraints on reproductive options are weak and social groups are effectively perennial. Yet, most Polistes research has focused on nontropical species, where seasonality causes family groups to disperse; cofoundresses forming new nests the following spring are often unrelated, leading to the suggestion that direct fitness through nest inheritance is key in the evolution of helping behaviour. Here, we present the first comprehensive genetic study of social structure across the perennial nesting cycle of a tropical Polistes-Polistes canadensis. Using both microsatellites and newly developed single nucleotide polymorphism markers, we show that adult cofoundresses are highly related and that brood production is monopolized by a single female across the nesting cycle. Nonreproductive cofoundresses in tropical Polistes therefore have the potential to gain high indirect fitness benefits as helpers from the outset of group formation, and these benefits persist through the nesting cycle. Direct fitness may have been less important in the origin of Polistes sociality than previously suggested. These findings stress the importance of studying a range of species with diverse life history and ecologies when considering the evolution of reproductive strategies.}, Hitchcock TJ, Paracchini S, A Gardner (2019) Genomic Imprinting As a Window into Human Language Evolution. BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology, 41(6):e1800212. Humans spend large portions of their time and energy talking to one another, yet it remains unclear whether this activity is primarily selfish or altruistic. Here, it is shown how parent-of-origin specific gene expression-or "genomic imprinting"-may provide an answer to this question. First, it is shown why, regarding language, only altruistic or selfish scenarios are expected. Second, it is pointed out that an individual's maternal-origin and paternal-origin genes may have different evolutionary interests regarding investment into language, and that this intragenomic conflict may drive genomic imprinting which-as the direction of imprint depends upon whether investment into language is relatively selfish or altruistic-may be used to discriminate between these two possibilities. Third, predictions concerning the impact of various mutations and epimutations at imprinted loci on language pathologies are derived. In doing so, a framework is developed that highlights avenues for using intragenomic conflicts to investigate the evolutionary drivers of language. author = {Hitchcock, TJ and Paracchini, S and Gardner, A}, title = {Genomic Imprinting As a Window into Human Language Evolution.}, journal = {BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology}, doi = {10.1002/bies.201800212}, abstract = {Humans spend large portions of their time and energy talking to one another, yet it remains unclear whether this activity is primarily selfish or altruistic. Here, it is shown how parent-of-origin specific gene expression-or "genomic imprinting"-may provide an answer to this question. First, it is shown why, regarding language, only altruistic or selfish scenarios are expected. Second, it is pointed out that an individual's maternal-origin and paternal-origin genes may have different evolutionary interests regarding investment into language, and that this intragenomic conflict may drive genomic imprinting which-as the direction of imprint depends upon whether investment into language is relatively selfish or altruistic-may be used to discriminate between these two possibilities. Third, predictions concerning the impact of various mutations and epimutations at imprinted loci on language pathologies are derived. In doing so, a framework is developed that highlights avenues for using intragenomic conflicts to investigate the evolutionary drivers of language.}, Shakhar K (2019) The Inclusive Behavioral Immune System. Frontiers in psychology, 10:1004. Although living in social groups offers many advantages, it comes at a cost of increased transmissible disease. The behavioral immune system (BIS) is thought to have evolved as a first line of defense against such infections. It acts by minimizing the contact of yet uninfected hosts with potential pathogens. The BIS has been observed in a wide range of animals including insects, amphibians and mammals, but most research has focused on humans where the BIS is guided by complex cognitive and emotional processing. When researchers discuss the evolutionary origin of the BIS, they assess how it raises individual fitness. What would happen though if we shift our attention to the evolutionary unit of selection - the gene? Success would be measured as the change in the gene's prevalence in the entire population, and additional behaviors would come to our attention - those that benefit relatives, i.e., behaviors that raise inclusive fitness. One widely-recognized example of the inclusive BIS is social immunity, which is prevalent among eusocial organisms such as bees and ants. Their colonies engage in a collaborative protective behavior such as grooming and the removal of infected members from the nest. Another example may be sickness behavior, which includes the behavioral, cognitive and emotional symptoms that accompany infection, such as fatigue, and loss of appetite and social interest. My colleague and I recently suggested that sickness behavior has evolved because it reduces the direct and indirect contact between an infected host and its healthy kin - improving inclusive fitness. These additional behaviors are not carried out by the healthy individuals, but rather by whole communities in the first case, and by already infected individuals in the second. Since they step beyond the classical definition of BIS, it may be useful to broaden the term to the inclusive behavioral immune system. author = {Shakhar, K}, title = {The Inclusive Behavioral Immune System.}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, pages = {1004}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01004}, abstract = {Although living in social groups offers many advantages, it comes at a cost of increased transmissible disease. The behavioral immune system (BIS) is thought to have evolved as a first line of defense against such infections. It acts by minimizing the contact of yet uninfected hosts with potential pathogens. The BIS has been observed in a wide range of animals including insects, amphibians and mammals, but most research has focused on humans where the BIS is guided by complex cognitive and emotional processing. When researchers discuss the evolutionary origin of the BIS, they assess how it raises individual fitness. What would happen though if we shift our attention to the evolutionary unit of selection - the gene? Success would be measured as the change in the gene's prevalence in the entire population, and additional behaviors would come to our attention - those that benefit relatives, i.e., behaviors that raise inclusive fitness. One widely-recognized example of the inclusive BIS is social immunity, which is prevalent among eusocial organisms such as bees and ants. Their colonies engage in a collaborative protective behavior such as grooming and the removal of infected members from the nest. Another example may be sickness behavior, which includes the behavioral, cognitive and emotional symptoms that accompany infection, such as fatigue, and loss of appetite and social interest. My colleague and I recently suggested that sickness behavior has evolved because it reduces the direct and indirect contact between an infected host and its healthy kin - improving inclusive fitness. These additional behaviors are not carried out by the healthy individuals, but rather by whole communities in the first case, and by already infected individuals in the second. Since they step beyond the classical definition of BIS, it may be useful to broaden the term to the inclusive behavioral immune system.}, Duncan C, Gaynor D, Clutton-Brock T, et al (2019) The Evolution of Indiscriminate Altruism in a Cooperatively Breeding Mammal. Kin selection theory suggests that altruistic behaviors can increase the fitness of altruists when recipients are genetic relatives. Although selection can favor the ability of organisms to preferentially cooperate with close kin, indiscriminately helping all group mates may yield comparable fitness returns if relatedness within groups is very high. Here, we show that meerkats (Suricata suricatta) are largely indiscriminate altruists who do not alter the amount of help provided to pups or group mates in response to their relatedness to them. We present a model showing that indiscriminate altruism may yield greater fitness payoffs than kin discrimination where most group members are close relatives and errors occur in the estimation of relatedness. The presence of errors in the estimation of relatedness provides a feasible explanation for associations between kin discriminative helping and group relatedness in eusocial and cooperatively breeding animals. author = {Duncan, C and Gaynor, D and Clutton-Brock, T and Dyble, M}, title = {The Evolution of Indiscriminate Altruism in a Cooperatively Breeding Mammal.}, abstract = {Kin selection theory suggests that altruistic behaviors can increase the fitness of altruists when recipients are genetic relatives. Although selection can favor the ability of organisms to preferentially cooperate with close kin, indiscriminately helping all group mates may yield comparable fitness returns if relatedness within groups is very high. Here, we show that meerkats (Suricata suricatta) are largely indiscriminate altruists who do not alter the amount of help provided to pups or group mates in response to their relatedness to them. We present a model showing that indiscriminate altruism may yield greater fitness payoffs than kin discrimination where most group members are close relatives and errors occur in the estimation of relatedness. The presence of errors in the estimation of relatedness provides a feasible explanation for associations between kin discriminative helping and group relatedness in eusocial and cooperatively breeding animals.}, Jänig S, Weiß BM, Birkemeyer C, et al (2019) Comparative chemical analysis of body odor in great apes. American journal of primatology, 81(6):e22976. Olfaction is important across the animal kingdom for transferring information on, for example, species, sex, group membership, or reproductive parameters. Its relevance has been established in primates including humans, yet research on great apes still is fragmentary. Observational evidence indicates that great apes use their sense of smell in various contexts, but the information content of their body odor has not been analyzed. Our aim was therefore to compare the chemical composition of body odor in great ape species, namely Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii (Lesson, 1827), one adult male, five adult females, four nonadults), Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla (Savage, 1847), one adult male, two adult females, one nonadult), common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes (Blumenbach, 1775), four adult males, nine adult females, four nonadults), and bonobos (Pan paniscus (Schwarz, 1929), two adult males, four adult females, two nonadults). We collected 195 samples (five per individual) of 39 captive individuals using cotton swabs and analyzed them using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. We compared the sample richness and intensity, similarity of chemical composition, and relative abundance of compounds. Results show that species, age, and potentially sex have an impact on the variance between odor profiles. Richness and intensity varied significantly between species (gorillas having the highest, bonobos the lowest richness and intensity), and with age (both increasing with age). Richness and intensity did not vary between sexes. Odor samples of the same species were more similar to each other than samples of different species. Among all compounds identified some were associated with age (N = 7), sex (N = 6), and species-related (N = 37) variance. Our study contributes to the basic understanding of olfactory communication in hominids by showing that the chemical composition of body odor varies across species and individuals, containing potentially important information for social communication. author = {Jänig, S and Weiß, BM and Birkemeyer, C and Widdig, A}, title = {Comparative chemical analysis of body odor in great apes.}, journal = {American journal of primatology}, doi = {10.1002/ajp.22976}, support = {WI 1808/3-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; R00061//Universität Leipzig/ ; }, abstract = {Olfaction is important across the animal kingdom for transferring information on, for example, species, sex, group membership, or reproductive parameters. Its relevance has been established in primates including humans, yet research on great apes still is fragmentary. Observational evidence indicates that great apes use their sense of smell in various contexts, but the information content of their body odor has not been analyzed. Our aim was therefore to compare the chemical composition of body odor in great ape species, namely Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii (Lesson, 1827), one adult male, five adult females, four nonadults), Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla (Savage, 1847), one adult male, two adult females, one nonadult), common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes (Blumenbach, 1775), four adult males, nine adult females, four nonadults), and bonobos (Pan paniscus (Schwarz, 1929), two adult males, four adult females, two nonadults). We collected 195 samples (five per individual) of 39 captive individuals using cotton swabs and analyzed them using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. We compared the sample richness and intensity, similarity of chemical composition, and relative abundance of compounds. Results show that species, age, and potentially sex have an impact on the variance between odor profiles. Richness and intensity varied significantly between species (gorillas having the highest, bonobos the lowest richness and intensity), and with age (both increasing with age). Richness and intensity did not vary between sexes. Odor samples of the same species were more similar to each other than samples of different species. Among all compounds identified some were associated with age (N = 7), sex (N = 6), and species-related (N = 37) variance. Our study contributes to the basic understanding of olfactory communication in hominids by showing that the chemical composition of body odor varies across species and individuals, containing potentially important information for social communication.}, Geist KS, Strassmann JE, DC Queller (2019) Family quarrels in seeds and rapid adaptive evolution in Arabidopsis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(19):9463-9468. Evolutionary conflict can drive rapid adaptive evolution, sometimes called an arms race, because each party needs to respond continually to the adaptations of the other. Evidence for such arms races can sometimes be seen in morphology, in behavior, or in the genes underlying sexual interactions of host-pathogen interactions, but is rarely predicted a priori. Kin selection theory predicts that conflicts of interest should usually be reduced but not eliminated among genetic relatives, but there is little evidence as to whether conflict within families can drive rapid adaptation. Here we test multiple predictions about how conflict over the amount of resources an offspring receives from its parent would drive rapid molecular evolution in seed tissues of the flowering plant Arabidopsis As predicted, there is more adaptive evolution in genes expressed in Arabidopsis seeds than in other specialized organs, more in endosperms and maternal tissues than in embryos, and more in the specific subtissues involved in nutrient transfer. In the absence of credible alternative hypotheses, these results suggest that kin selection and conflict are important in plants, that the conflict includes not just the mother and offspring but also the triploid endosperm, and that, despite the conflict-reducing role of kinship, family members can engage in slow but steady tortoise-like arms races. author = {Geist, KS and Strassmann, JE and Queller, DC}, title = {Family quarrels in seeds and rapid adaptive evolution in Arabidopsis.}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1817733116}, abstract = {Evolutionary conflict can drive rapid adaptive evolution, sometimes called an arms race, because each party needs to respond continually to the adaptations of the other. Evidence for such arms races can sometimes be seen in morphology, in behavior, or in the genes underlying sexual interactions of host-pathogen interactions, but is rarely predicted a priori. Kin selection theory predicts that conflicts of interest should usually be reduced but not eliminated among genetic relatives, but there is little evidence as to whether conflict within families can drive rapid adaptation. Here we test multiple predictions about how conflict over the amount of resources an offspring receives from its parent would drive rapid molecular evolution in seed tissues of the flowering plant Arabidopsis As predicted, there is more adaptive evolution in genes expressed in Arabidopsis seeds than in other specialized organs, more in endosperms and maternal tissues than in embryos, and more in the specific subtissues involved in nutrient transfer. In the absence of credible alternative hypotheses, these results suggest that kin selection and conflict are important in plants, that the conflict includes not just the mother and offspring but also the triploid endosperm, and that, despite the conflict-reducing role of kinship, family members can engage in slow but steady tortoise-like arms races.}, Sbarra DA, Briskin JL, RB Slatcher (2019) Smartphones and Close Relationships: The Case for an Evolutionary Mismatch. Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 14(4):596-618. This article introduces and outlines the case for an evolutionary mismatch between smartphones and the social behaviors that help form and maintain close social relationships. As psychological adaptations that enhance human survival and inclusive fitness, self-disclosure and responsiveness evolved in the context of small kin networks to facilitate social bonds, promote trust, and enhance cooperation. These adaptations are central to the development of attachment bonds, and attachment theory is a middle-level evolutionary theory that provides a robust account of the ways human bonding provides for reproductive and inclusive fitness. Evolutionary mismatches operate when modern contexts cue ancestral adaptations in a manner that does not provide for their adaptive benefits. We argue that smartphones and their affordances, although highly beneficial in many circumstances, cue humans' evolved needs for self-disclosure and responsiveness across broad virtual networks and, in turn, have the potential to undermine immediate interpersonal interactions. We review emerging evidence on the topic of technoference, which is defined as the ways in which smartphone use may interfere with or intrude into everyday social interactions. The article concludes with an empirical agenda for advancing the integrative study of smartphones, intimacy processes, and close relationships. author = {Sbarra, DA and Briskin, JL and Slatcher, RB}, title = {Smartphones and Close Relationships: The Case for an Evolutionary Mismatch.}, journal = {Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science}, abstract = {This article introduces and outlines the case for an evolutionary mismatch between smartphones and the social behaviors that help form and maintain close social relationships. As psychological adaptations that enhance human survival and inclusive fitness, self-disclosure and responsiveness evolved in the context of small kin networks to facilitate social bonds, promote trust, and enhance cooperation. These adaptations are central to the development of attachment bonds, and attachment theory is a middle-level evolutionary theory that provides a robust account of the ways human bonding provides for reproductive and inclusive fitness. Evolutionary mismatches operate when modern contexts cue ancestral adaptations in a manner that does not provide for their adaptive benefits. We argue that smartphones and their affordances, although highly beneficial in many circumstances, cue humans' evolved needs for self-disclosure and responsiveness across broad virtual networks and, in turn, have the potential to undermine immediate interpersonal interactions. We review emerging evidence on the topic of technoference, which is defined as the ways in which smartphone use may interfere with or intrude into everyday social interactions. The article concludes with an empirical agenda for advancing the integrative study of smartphones, intimacy processes, and close relationships.}, Levin SR, A Grafen (2019) Inclusive fitness is an indispensable approximation for understanding organismal design. For some decades most biologists interested in design have agreed that natural selection leads to organisms acting as if they are maximizing a quantity known as "inclusive fitness." This maximization principle has been criticized on the (uncontested) grounds that other quantities, such as offspring number, predict gene frequency changes accurately in a wider range of mathematical models. Here, we adopt a resolution offered by Birch, who accepts the technical difficulties of establishing inclusive fitness maximization in a fully general model, while concluding that inclusive fitness is still useful as an organizing framework. We set out in more detail why inclusive fitness is such a practical and powerful framework, and provide verbal and conceptual arguments for why social biology would be more or less impossible without it. We aim to help mathematicians understand why social biologists are content to use inclusive fitness despite its theoretical weaknesses. Here, we also offer biologists practical advice for avoiding potential pitfalls. author = {Levin, SR and Grafen, A}, title = {Inclusive fitness is an indispensable approximation for understanding organismal design.}, support = {//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; //Clarendon Fund/ ; //Hertford College, University of Oxford/ ; }, abstract = {For some decades most biologists interested in design have agreed that natural selection leads to organisms acting as if they are maximizing a quantity known as "inclusive fitness." This maximization principle has been criticized on the (uncontested) grounds that other quantities, such as offspring number, predict gene frequency changes accurately in a wider range of mathematical models. Here, we adopt a resolution offered by Birch, who accepts the technical difficulties of establishing inclusive fitness maximization in a fully general model, while concluding that inclusive fitness is still useful as an organizing framework. We set out in more detail why inclusive fitness is such a practical and powerful framework, and provide verbal and conceptual arguments for why social biology would be more or less impossible without it. We aim to help mathematicians understand why social biologists are content to use inclusive fitness despite its theoretical weaknesses. Here, we also offer biologists practical advice for avoiding potential pitfalls.}, Cotter SC, Pincheira-Donoso D, R Thorogood (2019) Defences against brood parasites from a social immunity perspective. Parasitic interactions are so ubiquitous that all multicellular organisms have evolved a system of defences to reduce their costs, whether the parasites they encounter are the classic parasites which feed on the individual, or brood parasites which usurp parental care. Many parallels have been drawn between defences deployed against both types of parasite, but typically, while defences against classic parasites have been selected to protect survival, those against brood parasites have been selected to protect the parent's inclusive fitness, suggesting that the selection pressures they impose are fundamentally different. However, there is another class of defences against classic parasites that have specifically been selected to protect an individual's inclusive fitness, known as social immunity. Social immune responses include the anti-parasite defences typically provided for others in kin-structured groups, such as the antifungal secretions produced by termite workers to protect the brood. Defences against brood parasites, therefore, are more closely aligned with social immune responses. Much like social immunity, host defences against brood parasitism are employed by a donor (a parent) for the benefit of one or more recipients (typically kin), and as with social defences against classic parasites, defences have therefore evolved to protect the donor's inclusive fitness, not the survival or ultimately the fitness of individual recipients This can lead to severe conflicts between the different parties, whose interests are not always aligned. Here, we consider defences against brood parasitism in the light of social immunity, at different stages of parasite encounter, addressing where conflicts occur and how they might be resolved. We finish with considering how this approach could help us to address longstanding questions in our understanding of brood parasitism. This article is part of the theme issue 'The coevolutionary biology of brood parasitism: from mechanism to pattern'. author = {Cotter, SC and Pincheira-Donoso, D and Thorogood, R}, title = {Defences against brood parasites from a social immunity perspective.}, abstract = {Parasitic interactions are so ubiquitous that all multicellular organisms have evolved a system of defences to reduce their costs, whether the parasites they encounter are the classic parasites which feed on the individual, or brood parasites which usurp parental care. Many parallels have been drawn between defences deployed against both types of parasite, but typically, while defences against classic parasites have been selected to protect survival, those against brood parasites have been selected to protect the parent's inclusive fitness, suggesting that the selection pressures they impose are fundamentally different. However, there is another class of defences against classic parasites that have specifically been selected to protect an individual's inclusive fitness, known as social immunity. Social immune responses include the anti-parasite defences typically provided for others in kin-structured groups, such as the antifungal secretions produced by termite workers to protect the brood. Defences against brood parasites, therefore, are more closely aligned with social immune responses. Much like social immunity, host defences against brood parasitism are employed by a donor (a parent) for the benefit of one or more recipients (typically kin), and as with social defences against classic parasites, defences have therefore evolved to protect the donor's inclusive fitness, not the survival or ultimately the fitness of individual recipients This can lead to severe conflicts between the different parties, whose interests are not always aligned. Here, we consider defences against brood parasitism in the light of social immunity, at different stages of parasite encounter, addressing where conflicts occur and how they might be resolved. We finish with considering how this approach could help us to address longstanding questions in our understanding of brood parasitism. This article is part of the theme issue 'The coevolutionary biology of brood parasitism: from mechanism to pattern'.}, Gloag R, M Beekman (2019) The brood parasite's guide to inclusive fitness theory. Hamilton's theory of inclusive fitness provides a framework for understanding the evolution of social behaviour between kin, including parental and alloparental care. Brood parasitism is a reproductive tactic in which parasites exploit the care of other individuals of the same species (conspecific parasitism) or different species (interspecific parasitism) to rear their brood. Here, drawing from examples in birds and social insects, we identify two insights into brood parasitism that stem from inclusive fitness theory. First, the kin structure within nests, or between neighbouring nests, can create a niche space favouring the evolution of conspecific parasitism. For example, low average relatedness within social insect nests can increase selection for reproductive cheats. Likewise, high average relatedness between adjacent nests of some birds can increase a female's tolerance of parasitism by her neighbour. Second, intrabrood conflict will be high in parasitized broods, from the perspective of both parasite and host young, relative to unparasitized broods. We also discuss offspring recognition by hosts as an example of discrimination in a kin-selected social behaviour. We conclude that the inclusive fitness framework is instructive for understanding aspects of brood parasite and host evolution. In turn, brood parasites present some unique opportunities to test the predictions of inclusive fitness theory. This article is part of the theme issue 'The coevolutionary biology of brood parasitism: from mechanism to pattern'. author = {Gloag, R and Beekman, M}, title = {The brood parasite's guide to inclusive fitness theory.}, abstract = {Hamilton's theory of inclusive fitness provides a framework for understanding the evolution of social behaviour between kin, including parental and alloparental care. Brood parasitism is a reproductive tactic in which parasites exploit the care of other individuals of the same species (conspecific parasitism) or different species (interspecific parasitism) to rear their brood. Here, drawing from examples in birds and social insects, we identify two insights into brood parasitism that stem from inclusive fitness theory. First, the kin structure within nests, or between neighbouring nests, can create a niche space favouring the evolution of conspecific parasitism. For example, low average relatedness within social insect nests can increase selection for reproductive cheats. Likewise, high average relatedness between adjacent nests of some birds can increase a female's tolerance of parasitism by her neighbour. Second, intrabrood conflict will be high in parasitized broods, from the perspective of both parasite and host young, relative to unparasitized broods. We also discuss offspring recognition by hosts as an example of discrimination in a kin-selected social behaviour. We conclude that the inclusive fitness framework is instructive for understanding aspects of brood parasite and host evolution. In turn, brood parasites present some unique opportunities to test the predictions of inclusive fitness theory. This article is part of the theme issue 'The coevolutionary biology of brood parasitism: from mechanism to pattern'.}, Vitikainen EIK, Thompson FJ, Marshall HH, et al (2019) Live long and prosper: durable benefits of early-life care in banded mongooses. Kin selection theory defines the conditions for which altruism or 'helping' can be favoured by natural selection. Tests of this theory in cooperatively breeding animals have focused on the short-term benefits to the recipients of help, such as improved growth or survival to adulthood. However, research on early-life effects suggests that there may be more durable, lifelong fitness impacts to the recipients of help, which in theory should strengthen selection for helping. Here, we show in cooperatively breeding banded mongooses (Mungos mungo) that care received in the first 3 months of life has lifelong fitness benefits for both male and female recipients. In this species, adult helpers called 'escorts' form exclusive one-to-one caring relationships with specific pups (not their own offspring), allowing us to isolate the effects of being escorted on later reproduction and survival. Pups that were more closely escorted were heavier at sexual maturity, which was associated with higher lifetime reproductive success for both sexes. Moreover, for female offspring, lifetime reproductive success increased with the level of escorting received per se, over and above any effect on body mass. Our results suggest that early-life social care has durable benefits to offspring of both sexes in this species. Given the well-established developmental effects of early-life care in laboratory animals and humans, we suggest that similar effects are likely to be widespread in social animals more generally. We discuss some of the implications of durable fitness benefits for the evolution of intergenerational helping in cooperative animal societies, including humans. This article is part of the theme issue 'Developing differences: early-life effects and evolutionary medicine'. author = {Vitikainen, EIK and Thompson, FJ and Marshall, HH and Cant, MA}, title = {Live long and prosper: durable benefits of early-life care in banded mongooses.}, abstract = {Kin selection theory defines the conditions for which altruism or 'helping' can be favoured by natural selection. Tests of this theory in cooperatively breeding animals have focused on the short-term benefits to the recipients of help, such as improved growth or survival to adulthood. However, research on early-life effects suggests that there may be more durable, lifelong fitness impacts to the recipients of help, which in theory should strengthen selection for helping. Here, we show in cooperatively breeding banded mongooses (Mungos mungo) that care received in the first 3 months of life has lifelong fitness benefits for both male and female recipients. In this species, adult helpers called 'escorts' form exclusive one-to-one caring relationships with specific pups (not their own offspring), allowing us to isolate the effects of being escorted on later reproduction and survival. Pups that were more closely escorted were heavier at sexual maturity, which was associated with higher lifetime reproductive success for both sexes. Moreover, for female offspring, lifetime reproductive success increased with the level of escorting received per se, over and above any effect on body mass. Our results suggest that early-life social care has durable benefits to offspring of both sexes in this species. Given the well-established developmental effects of early-life care in laboratory animals and humans, we suggest that similar effects are likely to be widespread in social animals more generally. We discuss some of the implications of durable fitness benefits for the evolution of intergenerational helping in cooperative animal societies, including humans. This article is part of the theme issue 'Developing differences: early-life effects and evolutionary medicine'.}, Kuijper B, RA Johnstone (2019) The evolution of early-life effects on social behaviour-why should social adversity carry over to the future?. Numerous studies have shown that social adversity in early life can have long-lasting consequences for social behaviour in adulthood, consequences that may in turn be propagated to future generations. Given these intergenerational effects, it is puzzling why natural selection might favour such sensitivity to an individual's early social environment. To address this question, we model the evolution of social sensitivity in the development of helping behaviours, showing that natural selection indeed favours individuals whose tendency to help others is dependent on early-life social experience. In organisms with non-overlapping generations, we find that natural selection can favour positive social feedbacks, in which individuals who received more help in early life are also more likely to help others in adulthood, while individuals who received no early-life help develop low tendencies to help others later in life. This positive social sensitivity is favoured because of an intergenerational relatedness feedback: patches with many helpers tend to be more productive, leading to higher relatedness within the local group, which in turn favours higher levels of help in the next generation. In organisms with overlapping generations, this positive feedback is less likely to occur, and those who received more help may instead be less likely to help others (negative social feedback). We conclude that early-life social influences can lead to strong between-individual differences in helping behaviour, which can take different forms dependent on the life history in question. This article is part of the theme issue 'Developing differences: early-life effects and evolutionary medicine'. author = {Kuijper, B and Johnstone, RA}, title = {The evolution of early-life effects on social behaviour-why should social adversity carry over to the future?.}, abstract = {Numerous studies have shown that social adversity in early life can have long-lasting consequences for social behaviour in adulthood, consequences that may in turn be propagated to future generations. Given these intergenerational effects, it is puzzling why natural selection might favour such sensitivity to an individual's early social environment. To address this question, we model the evolution of social sensitivity in the development of helping behaviours, showing that natural selection indeed favours individuals whose tendency to help others is dependent on early-life social experience. In organisms with non-overlapping generations, we find that natural selection can favour positive social feedbacks, in which individuals who received more help in early life are also more likely to help others in adulthood, while individuals who received no early-life help develop low tendencies to help others later in life. This positive social sensitivity is favoured because of an intergenerational relatedness feedback: patches with many helpers tend to be more productive, leading to higher relatedness within the local group, which in turn favours higher levels of help in the next generation. In organisms with overlapping generations, this positive feedback is less likely to occur, and those who received more help may instead be less likely to help others (negative social feedback). We conclude that early-life social influences can lead to strong between-individual differences in helping behaviour, which can take different forms dependent on the life history in question. This article is part of the theme issue 'Developing differences: early-life effects and evolutionary medicine'.}, Schindler S, AN Radford (2018) Factors influencing within-group conflict over defence against conspecific outsiders seeking breeding positions. In social species, groups face a variety of threats from conspecific outsiders. Defensive actions are therefore common, but there is considerable variation in which individuals contribute and to what extent. There has been some theoretical exploration of this variation when the defence is of shared resources, but the relative contributions when a single intruder threatens a particular breeding position have received less attention. Defensive actions are costly, both for the individual and dependent young, and contributions are likely to differ depending on individual sex, rank and size, current breeding stage, infanticide risk and relatedness levels. Here, we model analytically the relative fitness benefits of different group members to engaging in defence against individual intruders and determine when within-group conflicts of interest might arise over these defensive contributions. Conflicts of interest between the challenged breeder and other group members depend on relatedness to the brood and the potential relatedness reduction if an intruder acquires breeding status. Conflicts are more likely to occur when there is a low chance of winning the contest, low infanticide rates, inefficient defence from helpers, a long remaining brood-dependency period and high external (non-contest-related) mortality. Our work can help explain variation in defensive actions against out-group threats. author = {Schindler, S and Radford, AN}, title = {Factors influencing within-group conflict over defence against conspecific outsiders seeking breeding positions.}, mesh = {Animals ; Birds/physiology ; Conflict, Psychological ; Female ; Fishes/physiology ; Male ; Mammals/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Reproduction ; }, abstract = {In social species, groups face a variety of threats from conspecific outsiders. Defensive actions are therefore common, but there is considerable variation in which individuals contribute and to what extent. There has been some theoretical exploration of this variation when the defence is of shared resources, but the relative contributions when a single intruder threatens a particular breeding position have received less attention. Defensive actions are costly, both for the individual and dependent young, and contributions are likely to differ depending on individual sex, rank and size, current breeding stage, infanticide risk and relatedness levels. Here, we model analytically the relative fitness benefits of different group members to engaging in defence against individual intruders and determine when within-group conflicts of interest might arise over these defensive contributions. Conflicts of interest between the challenged breeder and other group members depend on relatedness to the brood and the potential relatedness reduction if an intruder acquires breeding status. Conflicts are more likely to occur when there is a low chance of winning the contest, low infanticide rates, inefficient defence from helpers, a long remaining brood-dependency period and high external (non-contest-related) mortality. Our work can help explain variation in defensive actions against out-group threats.}, Birds/physiology Conflict, Psychological Fishes/physiology Mammals/physiology Reproduction Faria GS, Varela SAM, A Gardner (2019) The social evolution of sleep: sex differences, intragenomic conflicts and clinical pathologies. Sleep appears to be essential for most animals, including humans. Accordingly, individuals who sacrifice sleep are expected to incur costs and so should only be evolutionarily favoured to do this when these costs are offset by other benefits. For instance, a social group might benefit from having some level of wakefulness during the sleeping period if this guards against possible threats. Alternatively, individuals might sacrifice sleep in order to gain an advantage over mate competitors. Here, we perform a theoretical analysis of the social evolutionary pressures that drive investment into sleep versus wakefulness. Specifically, we: investigate how relatedness between social partners may modulate sleeping strategies, depending upon whether sleep sacrifice is selfish or altruistic; determine the conditions under which the sexes are favoured to adopt different sleeping strategies; identify the potential for intragenomic conflict between maternal-origin versus paternal-origin genes regarding an individual's sleeping behaviour; translate this conflict into novel and readily testable predictions concerning patterns of gene expression; and explore the concomitant effects of different kinds of mutations, epimutations, and uniparental disomies in relation to sleep disorders and other clinical pathologies. Our aim is to provide a theoretical framework for future empirical data and stimulate further research on this neglected topic. author = {Faria, GS and Varela, SAM and Gardner, A}, title = {The social evolution of sleep: sex differences, intragenomic conflicts and clinical pathologies.}, mesh = {Altruism ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Sex Characteristics ; Sleep/physiology ; Social Behavior ; }, abstract = {Sleep appears to be essential for most animals, including humans. Accordingly, individuals who sacrifice sleep are expected to incur costs and so should only be evolutionarily favoured to do this when these costs are offset by other benefits. For instance, a social group might benefit from having some level of wakefulness during the sleeping period if this guards against possible threats. Alternatively, individuals might sacrifice sleep in order to gain an advantage over mate competitors. Here, we perform a theoretical analysis of the social evolutionary pressures that drive investment into sleep versus wakefulness. Specifically, we: investigate how relatedness between social partners may modulate sleeping strategies, depending upon whether sleep sacrifice is selfish or altruistic; determine the conditions under which the sexes are favoured to adopt different sleeping strategies; identify the potential for intragenomic conflict between maternal-origin versus paternal-origin genes regarding an individual's sleeping behaviour; translate this conflict into novel and readily testable predictions concerning patterns of gene expression; and explore the concomitant effects of different kinds of mutations, epimutations, and uniparental disomies in relation to sleep disorders and other clinical pathologies. Our aim is to provide a theoretical framework for future empirical data and stimulate further research on this neglected topic.}, Sex Characteristics Sleep/physiology Social Behavior Humphreys RK, GD Ruxton (2019) Adaptive suicide: is a kin-selected driver of fatal behaviours likely?. While several manipulated host behaviours are accepted as extended phenotypes of parasites, there remains debate over whether other altered behaviours in hosts following parasitic invasion represent cases of parasite manipulation, host defence or the pathology of infection. One particularly controversial subject is 'suicidal behaviour' in infected hosts. The host-suicide hypothesis proposes that host death benefits hosts doomed to reduced direct fitness by protecting kin from parasitism and therefore increasing inclusive fitness. However, adaptive suicide has been difficult to demonstrate conclusively as a host adaptation in studies on social or clonal insects, for whom high relatedness should enable greater inclusive fitness benefits. Following discussion of empirical and theoretical works from a behavioural ecology perspective, this review finds that the most persuasive evidence for selection of adaptive suicide comes from bacteria. Despite a focus on parasites, driven by the existing literature, the potential for the evolution of adaptive suicidal behaviour in hosts is also considered to apply to cases of infection by pathogens, provided that the disease has a severe effect on direct fitness and that suicidal behaviour can affect pathogen transmission dynamics. Suggestions are made for future research and a broadening of the possible implications for coevolution between parasites and hosts. author = {Humphreys, RK and Ruxton, GD}, title = {Adaptive suicide: is a kin-selected driver of fatal behaviours likely?.}, mesh = {Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Insecta ; Parasites ; Suicide ; Symbiosis ; }, abstract = {While several manipulated host behaviours are accepted as extended phenotypes of parasites, there remains debate over whether other altered behaviours in hosts following parasitic invasion represent cases of parasite manipulation, host defence or the pathology of infection. One particularly controversial subject is 'suicidal behaviour' in infected hosts. The host-suicide hypothesis proposes that host death benefits hosts doomed to reduced direct fitness by protecting kin from parasitism and therefore increasing inclusive fitness. However, adaptive suicide has been difficult to demonstrate conclusively as a host adaptation in studies on social or clonal insects, for whom high relatedness should enable greater inclusive fitness benefits. Following discussion of empirical and theoretical works from a behavioural ecology perspective, this review finds that the most persuasive evidence for selection of adaptive suicide comes from bacteria. Despite a focus on parasites, driven by the existing literature, the potential for the evolution of adaptive suicidal behaviour in hosts is also considered to apply to cases of infection by pathogens, provided that the disease has a severe effect on direct fitness and that suicidal behaviour can affect pathogen transmission dynamics. Suggestions are made for future research and a broadening of the possible implications for coevolution between parasites and hosts.}, Host-Parasite Interactions Parasites Suicide Spring S, Lehner M, Huber L, et al (2019) Oviposition and father presence reduce clutch cannibalism by female poison frogs. Frontiers in zoology, 16:8 pii:304. Background: The consumption of conspecific young by adult individuals is a common phenomenon across various animal taxa. Possible adaptive benefits of such behaviour include the acquisition of nutrients, decreased competition for one's own offspring, and/or increased mating opportunities. Clutch cannibalism has occasionally been observed in several species of Neotropical poison frogs, but the circumstances under which this behaviour occurs has rarely been investigated experimentally. Recent experiments with the poison frog Allobates femoralis have shown that males indiscriminately transport all clutches located inside their own territory to bodies of water, but become highly cannibalistic when taking over a new territory. Females are able to indirectly discriminate between their own and foreign clutches by location and take over transport duties of their own clutches only in the absence of the father. Cannibalism by A. femoralis females has not been previously observed. We thus asked if, and under which circumstances, cannibalism of unrelated clutches by female A. femoralis would occur, by manipulating the presence of the clutch's father, the female's own reproductive state, and the female's familiarity with the environment. Results: Females clearly cannibalize foreign clutches. Cannibalism was most pronounced when the female had not recently produced her own clutch and the father of the foreign clutch was absent. The female's familiarity with the area had no significant influence on the likelihood of cannibalism to occur. Conclusions: Our data indicate that both previous oviposition and the father's presence reduce cannibalistic behaviour in A. femoralis females. Cannibalistic females may gain nutritional benefits or enhanced inclusive fitness by preying on other females' offspring. The finding that the father's presence at the clutch site/territory was sufficient to reduce cannibalism by females suggests a prominent role of male territoriality for the evolution of male parental care. author = {Spring, S and Lehner, M and Huber, L and Ringler, E}, title = {Oviposition and father presence reduce clutch cannibalism by female poison frogs.}, journal = {Frontiers in zoology}, pages = {8}, abstract = {Background: The consumption of conspecific young by adult individuals is a common phenomenon across various animal taxa. Possible adaptive benefits of such behaviour include the acquisition of nutrients, decreased competition for one's own offspring, and/or increased mating opportunities. Clutch cannibalism has occasionally been observed in several species of Neotropical poison frogs, but the circumstances under which this behaviour occurs has rarely been investigated experimentally. Recent experiments with the poison frog Allobates femoralis have shown that males indiscriminately transport all clutches located inside their own territory to bodies of water, but become highly cannibalistic when taking over a new territory. Females are able to indirectly discriminate between their own and foreign clutches by location and take over transport duties of their own clutches only in the absence of the father. Cannibalism by A. femoralis females has not been previously observed. We thus asked if, and under which circumstances, cannibalism of unrelated clutches by female A. femoralis would occur, by manipulating the presence of the clutch's father, the female's own reproductive state, and the female's familiarity with the environment. Conclusions: Our data indicate that both previous oviposition and the father's presence reduce cannibalistic behaviour in A. femoralis females. Cannibalistic females may gain nutritional benefits or enhanced inclusive fitness by preying on other females' offspring. The finding that the father's presence at the clutch site/territory was sufficient to reduce cannibalism by females suggests a prominent role of male territoriality for the evolution of male parental care.}, Smith AR, Kapheim KM, Kingwell CJ, et al (2019) A split sex ratio in solitary and social nests of a facultatively social bee. A classic prediction of kin selection theory is that a mixed population of social and solitary nests of haplodiploid insects should exhibit a split sex ratio among offspring: female biased in social nests, male biased in solitary nests. Here, we provide the first evidence of a solitary-social split sex ratio, using the sweat bee Megalopta genalis (Halictidae). Data from 2502 offspring collected from naturally occurring nests across 6 years spanning the range of the M. genalis reproductive season show that despite significant yearly and seasonal variation, the offspring sex ratio of social nests is consistently more female biased than in solitary nests. This suggests that split sex ratios may facilitate the evolutionary origins of cooperation based on reproductive altruism via kin selection. author = {Smith, AR and Kapheim, KM and Kingwell, CJ and Wcislo, WT}, title = {A split sex ratio in solitary and social nests of a facultatively social bee.}, mesh = {Altruism ; Animals ; Bees ; Biological Evolution ; Female ; Male ; Reproduction ; Sex Ratio ; Social Behavior ; }, abstract = {A classic prediction of kin selection theory is that a mixed population of social and solitary nests of haplodiploid insects should exhibit a split sex ratio among offspring: female biased in social nests, male biased in solitary nests. Here, we provide the first evidence of a solitary-social split sex ratio, using the sweat bee Megalopta genalis (Halictidae). Data from 2502 offspring collected from naturally occurring nests across 6 years spanning the range of the M. genalis reproductive season show that despite significant yearly and seasonal variation, the offspring sex ratio of social nests is consistently more female biased than in solitary nests. This suggests that split sex ratios may facilitate the evolutionary origins of cooperation based on reproductive altruism via kin selection.}, Sex Ratio Atchison BJ, DL Goodwin (2019) "My Child May Be Ready, but I Am Not": Parents' Experiences of Their Children's Transition to Inclusive Fitness Settings. Adapted physical activity quarterly : APAQ, 36(2):282-301. Parents play an essential role in the transition from separate physical activity programs to inclusive settings for their children. The purpose of this study was to explore experiences of parents as they anticipate and prepare for their children experiencing disability to transition, understand strategies used to address transition, and gain insights into the supports important to families during transition. Using an interpretative phenomenological analysis research approach, semistructured one-on-one interviews were conducted with 8 parents whose children were undergoing the transition from separate to inclusive community fitness contexts. Four themes described the experiences of parents as they anticipated, prepared for, and supported their child to transition: My child may be ready, but I am not; fear of outside judgment; playing by their rules; and reframing our thinking. Using Schlossberg's model, the tensions parents faced as they negotiated new roles, relationships, routines, and assumptions as they moved through the transition process were uncovered. The parents experienced transition alongside their children, providing insights for fitness and health-promotion professionals. Without preparation for transition, apprehensions and hesitancy may postpone or prevent their children's transition to community programs. author = {Atchison, BJ and Goodwin, DL}, title = {"My Child May Be Ready, but I Am Not": Parents' Experiences of Their Children's Transition to Inclusive Fitness Settings.}, journal = {Adapted physical activity quarterly : APAQ}, doi = {10.1123/apaq.2018-0101}, mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Disabled Persons ; Exercise ; Fear ; Female ; Financing, Government ; Fitness Centers ; Government Programs ; Humans ; Internal-External Control ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parents/psychology ; Qualitative Research ; Young Adult ; }, abstract = {Parents play an essential role in the transition from separate physical activity programs to inclusive settings for their children. The purpose of this study was to explore experiences of parents as they anticipate and prepare for their children experiencing disability to transition, understand strategies used to address transition, and gain insights into the supports important to families during transition. Using an interpretative phenomenological analysis research approach, semistructured one-on-one interviews were conducted with 8 parents whose children were undergoing the transition from separate to inclusive community fitness contexts. Four themes described the experiences of parents as they anticipated, prepared for, and supported their child to transition: My child may be ready, but I am not; fear of outside judgment; playing by their rules; and reframing our thinking. Using Schlossberg's model, the tensions parents faced as they negotiated new roles, relationships, routines, and assumptions as they moved through the transition process were uncovered. The parents experienced transition alongside their children, providing insights for fitness and health-promotion professionals. Without preparation for transition, apprehensions and hesitancy may postpone or prevent their children's transition to community programs.}, Exercise Financing, Government Internal-External Control Interviews as Topic Parents/psychology David-Barrett T (2019) Network Effects of Demographic Transition. Scientific reports, 9(1):2361 pii:10.1038/s41598-019-39025-4. Traditional human societies use two of biology's solutions to reduce free-riding: by collaborating with relatives, they rely on the mechanism of kin-selection, and by forming highly clustered social kin-networks, they can efficiently use reputation dynamics. Both of these solutions assume the presence of relatives. This paper shows how social networks change during demographic transition. With falling fertility, there are fewer children that could be relatives to one another. As the missing kin are replaced by non-kin friends, local clustering in the social network drops. This effect is compounded by increasing population size, characteristic of demographic transition. The paper also shows that the speed at which reputation spreads in the network slows down due to both falling fertility and increasing group size. Thus, demographic transition weakens both mechanisms for eliminating free-riders: there are fewer relatives around, and reputation spreads slower. This new link between falling fertility and the altered structure of the social network offers novel interpretations of the origins of legal institutions, the Small World phenomenon, the social impact of urbanisation, and the birds-of-a-feather friendship choice heuristic. author = {David-Barrett, T}, title = {Network Effects of Demographic Transition.}, journal = {Scientific reports}, abstract = {Traditional human societies use two of biology's solutions to reduce free-riding: by collaborating with relatives, they rely on the mechanism of kin-selection, and by forming highly clustered social kin-networks, they can efficiently use reputation dynamics. Both of these solutions assume the presence of relatives. This paper shows how social networks change during demographic transition. With falling fertility, there are fewer children that could be relatives to one another. As the missing kin are replaced by non-kin friends, local clustering in the social network drops. This effect is compounded by increasing population size, characteristic of demographic transition. The paper also shows that the speed at which reputation spreads in the network slows down due to both falling fertility and increasing group size. Thus, demographic transition weakens both mechanisms for eliminating free-riders: there are fewer relatives around, and reputation spreads slower. This new link between falling fertility and the altered structure of the social network offers novel interpretations of the origins of legal institutions, the Small World phenomenon, the social impact of urbanisation, and the birds-of-a-feather friendship choice heuristic.}, Engelhardt SC, Bergeron P, Gagnon A, et al (2019) Using Geographic Distance as a Potential Proxy for Help in the Assessment of the Grandmother Hypothesis. Current biology : CB, 29(4):651-656.e3. Life-history theory predicts that selection could favor the decoupling of somatic and reproductive senescence if post-reproductive lifespan (PRLS) provides additional indirect fitness benefits [1, 2]. The grandmother hypothesis proposes that prolonged PRLS evolved because post-reproductive grandmothers gain inclusive fitness benefits by helping their daughters and grandchildren [3, 4]. Because most historical human data do not report direct evidence of help, we hypothesized that geographic distance between individuals may be inversely related to their capacity to help. Using an exceptionally detailed dataset of pre-industrial French settlers in the St. Lawrence Valley during the 17th and 18th centuries, we assessed the potential for grandmothers to improve their inclusive fitness by helping their descendants, and we evaluated how this effect varied with geographic distance, ranging between 0 and 325 km, while accounting for potential familial genetic and environmental effects [5-9]. Grandmothers (F0) who were alive allowed their daughters (F1) to increase their number of offspring (F2) born by 2.1 and to increase their number of offspring surviving to 15 years of age by 1.1 compared to when grandmothers were dead. However, the age at first reproduction was not influenced by the life status (alive or dead) of grandmothers. As geographic distance increased, the number of offspring born and lifetime reproductive success decreased, while the age at first reproduction increased, despite the grandmother being alive in these analyses. Our study suggests that geographic proximity has the potential to modulate inclusive fitness, supporting the grandmother hypothesis, and to contribute to our understanding of the evolution of PRLS. author = {Engelhardt, SC and Bergeron, P and Gagnon, A and Dillon, L and Pelletier, F}, title = {Using Geographic Distance as a Potential Proxy for Help in the Assessment of the Grandmother Hypothesis.}, pages = {651-656.e3}, abstract = {Life-history theory predicts that selection could favor the decoupling of somatic and reproductive senescence if post-reproductive lifespan (PRLS) provides additional indirect fitness benefits [1, 2]. The grandmother hypothesis proposes that prolonged PRLS evolved because post-reproductive grandmothers gain inclusive fitness benefits by helping their daughters and grandchildren [3, 4]. Because most historical human data do not report direct evidence of help, we hypothesized that geographic distance between individuals may be inversely related to their capacity to help. Using an exceptionally detailed dataset of pre-industrial French settlers in the St. Lawrence Valley during the 17th and 18th centuries, we assessed the potential for grandmothers to improve their inclusive fitness by helping their descendants, and we evaluated how this effect varied with geographic distance, ranging between 0 and 325 km, while accounting for potential familial genetic and environmental effects [5-9]. Grandmothers (F0) who were alive allowed their daughters (F1) to increase their number of offspring (F2) born by 2.1 and to increase their number of offspring surviving to 15 years of age by 1.1 compared to when grandmothers were dead. However, the age at first reproduction was not influenced by the life status (alive or dead) of grandmothers. As geographic distance increased, the number of offspring born and lifetime reproductive success decreased, while the age at first reproduction increased, despite the grandmother being alive in these analyses. Our study suggests that geographic proximity has the potential to modulate inclusive fitness, supporting the grandmother hypothesis, and to contribute to our understanding of the evolution of PRLS.}, Chapman SN, Pettay JE, Lummaa V, et al (2019) Limits to Fitness Benefits of Prolonged Post-reproductive Lifespan in Women. Recent advances in medicine and life-expectancy gains have fueled multidisciplinary research into the limits of human lifespan [1-3]. Ultimately, how long humans can live for may depend on selection favoring extended longevity in our evolutionary past [4]. Human females have an unusually extended post-reproductive lifespan, which has been explained by the fitness benefits provided from helping to raise grandchildren following menopause [5, 6]. However, formal tests of whether such grandmothering benefits wane with grandmother age and explain the observed length of post-reproductive lifespan are missing. This is critical for understanding prevailing selection pressures on longevity but to date has been overlooked as a possible mechanism driving the evolution of lifespan. Here, we use extensive data from pre-industrial humans to show that fitness gains from grandmothering are dependent on grandmother age, affecting selection on the length of post-reproductive lifespan. We find both opportunities and ability to help grandchildren declined with age, while the hazard of death of women increased greatly in their late 60s and 70s compared to menopausal ages, together implying waning selection on subsequent longevity. The presence of maternal grandmothers aged 50-75 increased grandchild survival after weaning, confirming the fitness advantage of post-reproductive lifespan. However, co-residence with paternal grandmothers aged 75+ was detrimental to grandchild survival, with those grandmothers close to death and presumably in poorer health particularly associated with lower grandchild survival. The age limitations of gaining inclusive fitness from grandmothering suggests that grandmothering can select for post-reproductive longevity only up to a certain point. author = {Chapman, SN and Pettay, JE and Lummaa, V and Lahdenperä, M}, title = {Limits to Fitness Benefits of Prolonged Post-reproductive Lifespan in Women.}, abstract = {Recent advances in medicine and life-expectancy gains have fueled multidisciplinary research into the limits of human lifespan [1-3]. Ultimately, how long humans can live for may depend on selection favoring extended longevity in our evolutionary past [4]. Human females have an unusually extended post-reproductive lifespan, which has been explained by the fitness benefits provided from helping to raise grandchildren following menopause [5, 6]. However, formal tests of whether such grandmothering benefits wane with grandmother age and explain the observed length of post-reproductive lifespan are missing. This is critical for understanding prevailing selection pressures on longevity but to date has been overlooked as a possible mechanism driving the evolution of lifespan. Here, we use extensive data from pre-industrial humans to show that fitness gains from grandmothering are dependent on grandmother age, affecting selection on the length of post-reproductive lifespan. We find both opportunities and ability to help grandchildren declined with age, while the hazard of death of women increased greatly in their late 60s and 70s compared to menopausal ages, together implying waning selection on subsequent longevity. The presence of maternal grandmothers aged 50-75 increased grandchild survival after weaning, confirming the fitness advantage of post-reproductive lifespan. However, co-residence with paternal grandmothers aged 75+ was detrimental to grandchild survival, with those grandmothers close to death and presumably in poorer health particularly associated with lower grandchild survival. The age limitations of gaining inclusive fitness from grandmothering suggests that grandmothering can select for post-reproductive longevity only up to a certain point.}, Almond EJ, Huggins TJ, Crowther LP, et al (2019) Queen Longevity and Fecundity Affect Conflict with Workers over Resource Inheritance in a Social Insect. Resource inheritance is a major source of conflict in animal societies. However, the assumptions and predictions of models of conflict over resource inheritance have not been systematically tested within a single system. We developed an inclusive fitness model for annual eusocial Hymenoptera that predicts a zone of conflict in which future reproductive workers are selected to enforce nest inheritance before the queen is selected to cede the nest. We experimentally tested key elements of this model in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris. In colonies from which queens were sequentially removed, queen tenure was significantly negatively associated with worker male production, confirming that workers gain direct fitness by usurping the queen. In unmanipulated colonies, queen fecundity decreased significantly over the latter part of the colony cycle, confirming that workers' indirect fitness from maintaining queens declines over time. Finally, in an experiment simulating loss of queen fecundity by removal of queens' eggs, worker-to-queen aggression increased significantly and aggressive workers were significantly more likely to become egg layers, consistent with workers monitoring queen fecundity to assess the net benefit of future reproduction. Overall, by upholding key assumptions and predictions of the model, our results provide novel empirical support for kin-selected conflict over resource inheritance. author = {Almond, EJ and Huggins, TJ and Crowther, LP and Parker, JD and Bourke, AFG}, title = {Queen Longevity and Fecundity Affect Conflict with Workers over Resource Inheritance in a Social Insect.}, mesh = {Aggression ; Animals ; Bees/physiology ; Female ; Fertility ; Longevity ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Reproduction ; }, abstract = {Resource inheritance is a major source of conflict in animal societies. However, the assumptions and predictions of models of conflict over resource inheritance have not been systematically tested within a single system. We developed an inclusive fitness model for annual eusocial Hymenoptera that predicts a zone of conflict in which future reproductive workers are selected to enforce nest inheritance before the queen is selected to cede the nest. We experimentally tested key elements of this model in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris. In colonies from which queens were sequentially removed, queen tenure was significantly negatively associated with worker male production, confirming that workers gain direct fitness by usurping the queen. In unmanipulated colonies, queen fecundity decreased significantly over the latter part of the colony cycle, confirming that workers' indirect fitness from maintaining queens declines over time. Finally, in an experiment simulating loss of queen fecundity by removal of queens' eggs, worker-to-queen aggression increased significantly and aggressive workers were significantly more likely to become egg layers, consistent with workers monitoring queen fecundity to assess the net benefit of future reproduction. Overall, by upholding key assumptions and predictions of the model, our results provide novel empirical support for kin-selected conflict over resource inheritance.}, Aggression Bees/physiology Fertility Longevity Models, Biological Amici F, Sánchez-Amaro A, Sebastián-Enesco C, et al (2019) The word order of languages predicts native speakers' working memory. The relationship between language and thought is controversial. One hypothesis is that language fosters habits of processing information that are retained even in non-linguistic domains. In left-branching (LB) languages, modifiers usually precede the head, and real-time sentence comprehension may more heavily rely on retaining initial information in working memory. Here we presented a battery of working memory and short-term memory tasks to adult native speakers of four LB and four right-branching (RB) languages from Africa, Asia and Europe. In working memory tasks, LB speakers were better than RB speakers at recalling initial stimuli, but worse at recalling final stimuli. Our results show that the practice of parsing sentences in specific directions due to the syntax and word order of our native language not only predicts the way we remember words, but also other non-linguistic stimuli. author = {Amici, F and Sánchez-Amaro, A and Sebastián-Enesco, C and Cacchione, T and Allritz, M and Salazar-Bonet, J and Rossano, F}, title = {The word order of languages predicts native speakers' working memory.}, abstract = {The relationship between language and thought is controversial. One hypothesis is that language fosters habits of processing information that are retained even in non-linguistic domains. In left-branching (LB) languages, modifiers usually precede the head, and real-time sentence comprehension may more heavily rely on retaining initial information in working memory. Here we presented a battery of working memory and short-term memory tasks to adult native speakers of four LB and four right-branching (RB) languages from Africa, Asia and Europe. In working memory tasks, LB speakers were better than RB speakers at recalling initial stimuli, but worse at recalling final stimuli. Our results show that the practice of parsing sentences in specific directions due to the syntax and word order of our native language not only predicts the way we remember words, but also other non-linguistic stimuli.}, Grueter CC, Hale J, Jin R, et al (2019) Infant handling by female mountain gorillas: Establishing its frequency, function, and (ir)relevance for life history evolution. American journal of physical anthropology, 168(4):744-749. OBJECTIVES: Infant handling describes cases in which youngsters are temporarily removed from the care of their mothers and "taken care of" (held, carried, etc.) by other conspecifics. Handlers may gain indirect fitness benefits from these actions and can practice mothering skills, thereby improving the odds of survival of their own infants. Great apes are notable for displaying little infant handling. Apart from anecdotal observations, no published data exist on infant handling in wild mountain gorillas. We tested two of the most pertinent explanations ("kin selection" and "learning to mother") in a wild population of mountain gorillas in Rwanda. We predicted that (a) nulliparous females would exhibit infant handling (i.e., carrying) more than parous females and (b) maternal kin would exhibit more infant handling than nonkin. METHODS: We collated 8 years of data on infant carrying behavior collected in 13 groups monitored by the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund's Karisoke Research Center. RESULTS: Infant handling is an infrequent behavior (1,783 instances over 25,600 observation hours). A strong positive effect of relatedness and handler parity on the frequency of infant handling emerged. CONCLUSIONS: While the nature of handler-infant interactions (affiliative, abusive, etc.) remains unstudied, they could constitute alloparental care and could therefore attenuate maternal energetic burden and ultimately allow increased birth rates. However, the rarity of this behavior makes it an unlikely contributor to mountain gorillas' relatively short interbirth intervals. author = {Grueter, CC and Hale, J and Jin, R and Judge, D and Stoinski, T}, title = {Infant handling by female mountain gorillas: Establishing its frequency, function, and (ir)relevance for life history evolution.}, journal = {American journal of physical anthropology}, doi = {10.1002/ajpa.23791}, mesh = {Animals ; Animals, Newborn/physiology ; Anthropology, Physical ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Female ; Gorilla gorilla/physiology ; Male ; Maternal Behavior/physiology ; Rwanda ; }, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Infant handling describes cases in which youngsters are temporarily removed from the care of their mothers and "taken care of" (held, carried, etc.) by other conspecifics. Handlers may gain indirect fitness benefits from these actions and can practice mothering skills, thereby improving the odds of survival of their own infants. Great apes are notable for displaying little infant handling. Apart from anecdotal observations, no published data exist on infant handling in wild mountain gorillas. We tested two of the most pertinent explanations ("kin selection" and "learning to mother") in a wild population of mountain gorillas in Rwanda. We predicted that (a) nulliparous females would exhibit infant handling (i.e., carrying) more than parous females and (b) maternal kin would exhibit more infant handling than nonkin. CONCLUSIONS: While the nature of handler-infant interactions (affiliative, abusive, etc.) remains unstudied, they could constitute alloparental care and could therefore attenuate maternal energetic burden and ultimately allow increased birth rates. However, the rarity of this behavior makes it an unlikely contributor to mountain gorillas' relatively short interbirth intervals.}, Animals, Newborn/physiology Anthropology, Physical Behavior, Animal/physiology Gorilla gorilla/physiology Maternal Behavior/physiology Bose APH, Henshaw JM, Zimmermann H, et al (2019) Inclusive fitness benefits mitigate costs of cuckoldry to socially paired males. BMC biology, 17(1):2 pii:10.1186/s12915-018-0620-6. BACKGROUND: In socially monogamous species, reproduction is not always confined to paired males and females. Extra-pair males commonly also reproduce with paired females, which is traditionally thought to be costly to the females' social partners. However, we suggest that when the relatedness between reproducing individuals is considered, cuckolded males can suffer lower fitness losses than otherwise expected, especially when the rate of cuckoldry is high. We combine theoretical modeling with a detailed genetic study on a socially monogamous wild fish, Variabilichromis moorii, which displays biparental care despite exceptionally high rates of extra-pair paternity. RESULTS: We measured the relatedness between all parties involved in V. moorii spawning events (i.e. between males and females in social pairs, females and their extra-pair partners, and paired males and their cuckolders), and we reveal that males are on average more related to their cuckolders than expected by chance. Queller-Goodnight estimates of relatedness between males and their cuckolders are on average r = 0.038 but can range up to r = 0.64. This also increases the relatedness between males and the extra-pair offspring under their care. These intriguing results are consistent with the predictions of our mathematical model, which shows that elevated relatedness between paired males and their cuckolders can be adaptive for both parties when competition for fertilizations is strong. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show how cuckoldry by relatives can offset males' direct fitness losses with inclusive fitness gains, which can be substantial in systems where males face almost certain paternity losses. author = {Bose, APH and Henshaw, JM and Zimmermann, H and Fritzsche, K and Sefc, KM}, title = {Inclusive fitness benefits mitigate costs of cuckoldry to socially paired males.}, journal = {BMC biology}, support = {P 27605//Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria ; }, mesh = {Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Cichlids/physiology ; Female ; Male ; Reproduction/physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Social Behavior ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In socially monogamous species, reproduction is not always confined to paired males and females. Extra-pair males commonly also reproduce with paired females, which is traditionally thought to be costly to the females' social partners. However, we suggest that when the relatedness between reproducing individuals is considered, cuckolded males can suffer lower fitness losses than otherwise expected, especially when the rate of cuckoldry is high. We combine theoretical modeling with a detailed genetic study on a socially monogamous wild fish, Variabilichromis moorii, which displays biparental care despite exceptionally high rates of extra-pair paternity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show how cuckoldry by relatives can offset males' direct fitness losses with inclusive fitness gains, which can be substantial in systems where males face almost certain paternity losses.}, Cichlids/physiology Reproduction/physiology Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology Grodwohl JB (2019) Animal Behavior, Population Biology and the Modern Synthesis (1955-1985). Journal of the history of biology, 52(4):597-633. This paper examines the history of animal behavior studies after the synthesis period. Three episodes are considered: the adoption of the theory of natural selection, the mathematization of ideas, and the spread of molecular methods in behavior studies. In these three episodes, students of behavior adopted practices and standards developed in population ecology and population genetics. While they borrowed tools and methods from these fields, they made distinct uses (inclusive fitness method, evolutionary theory of games, emphasis on individual selection) that set them relatively apart and led them to contribute, in their own way, to evolutionary theory. These episodes also highlight some limitations of "conjunction narratives" centered on the relation between a discipline and the modern synthesis. A trend in conjunction narratives is to interpret any development related to evolution in a discipline as an "extension," an "integration," or as a "delayed" synthesis. I here suggest that this can lead to underestimate discontinuities in the history of evolutionary biology. author = {Grodwohl, JB}, title = {Animal Behavior, Population Biology and the Modern Synthesis (1955-1985).}, journal = {Journal of the history of biology}, abstract = {This paper examines the history of animal behavior studies after the synthesis period. Three episodes are considered: the adoption of the theory of natural selection, the mathematization of ideas, and the spread of molecular methods in behavior studies. In these three episodes, students of behavior adopted practices and standards developed in population ecology and population genetics. While they borrowed tools and methods from these fields, they made distinct uses (inclusive fitness method, evolutionary theory of games, emphasis on individual selection) that set them relatively apart and led them to contribute, in their own way, to evolutionary theory. These episodes also highlight some limitations of "conjunction narratives" centered on the relation between a discipline and the modern synthesis. A trend in conjunction narratives is to interpret any development related to evolution in a discipline as an "extension," an "integration," or as a "delayed" synthesis. I here suggest that this can lead to underestimate discontinuities in the history of evolutionary biology.}, Patel M, Raymond B, Bonsall MB, et al (2019) Crystal toxins and the volunteer's dilemma in bacteria. Journal of evolutionary biology, 32(4):310-319. The growth and virulence of the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis depend on the production of Cry toxins, which are used to perforate the gut of its host. Successful invasion of the host relies on producing a threshold amount of toxin, after which there is no benefit from producing more toxin. Consequently, the production of Cry toxin appears to be a different type of social problem compared with the public goods scenarios that bacteria usually encounter. We show that selection for toxin production is a volunteer's dilemma. We make specific predictions that (a) selection for toxin production depends upon an interplay between the number of bacterial cells that each host ingests and the genetic relatedness between those cells; (b) cheats that do not produce toxin gain an advantage when at low frequencies, and at high bacterial density, allowing them to be maintained in a population alongside toxin-producing cells. More generally, our results emphasize the diversity of the social games that bacteria play. author = {Patel, M and Raymond, B and Bonsall, MB and West, SA}, title = {Crystal toxins and the volunteer's dilemma in bacteria.}, support = {BB/M011224/1//Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; }, abstract = {The growth and virulence of the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis depend on the production of Cry toxins, which are used to perforate the gut of its host. Successful invasion of the host relies on producing a threshold amount of toxin, after which there is no benefit from producing more toxin. Consequently, the production of Cry toxin appears to be a different type of social problem compared with the public goods scenarios that bacteria usually encounter. We show that selection for toxin production is a volunteer's dilemma. We make specific predictions that (a) selection for toxin production depends upon an interplay between the number of bacterial cells that each host ingests and the genetic relatedness between those cells; (b) cheats that do not produce toxin gain an advantage when at low frequencies, and at high bacterial density, allowing them to be maintained in a population alongside toxin-producing cells. More generally, our results emphasize the diversity of the social games that bacteria play.}, Barstow BA, Vice J, Bowman S, et al (2019) Examining perceptions of existing and newly created accessibility symbols. Disability and health journal, 12(2):180-186. BACKGROUND: Symbols are used to convey messages in a clear, understandable manner, without the use of written language. The most widely recognized symbol used to denote access for persons with disabilities is the International Symbol of Access. This symbol has been criticized for its inadequate representation of disability diversity poorly representing universal design of space and products. OBJECTIVE: This descriptive study explored individual comprehension and perceptions of nine existing and newly created accessibility pictograph symbols and identified one that represented universal access to fitness equipment. METHODS: A survey was disseminated electronically and face-to-face to individuals, groups and organizations affiliated with inclusive fitness equipment, space and programming. Quantitative data was analyzed for descriptive statistics, rank order of symbols and group comparisons of rankings. Thematic analysis of open-ended question results revealed themes to enhance understanding of symbol rank order. RESULTS: 981 participants completed the survey. Symbol four, shaped as a Venn diagram containing three icons representing individuals with varying ability levels, was ranked highest with no significant differences in group comparisons between participants with and without a disability and U.S. residents versus non-U.S. residents. 85.4% of participants demonstrated accurate comprehension of this symbol. Though symbol five had the same symbol rank median value, this symbol's distribution of scores was lower. CONCLUSIONS: Participants accurately comprehended symbol four and it was identified as the highest ranked symbol representing universal access to fitness equipment. Because of symbol unfamiliarity, adoption will require education and consistency of use and placement. author = {Barstow, BA and Vice, J and Bowman, S and Mehta, T and Kringen, S and Axelson, P and Padalabalanarayanan, S}, title = {Examining perceptions of existing and newly created accessibility symbols.}, journal = {Disability and health journal}, doi = {10.1016/j.dhjo.2018.11.012}, mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Comprehension ; Disabled Persons/psychology ; Equipment Design ; Female ; Humans ; Location Directories and Signs ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Symbols are used to convey messages in a clear, understandable manner, without the use of written language. The most widely recognized symbol used to denote access for persons with disabilities is the International Symbol of Access. This symbol has been criticized for its inadequate representation of disability diversity poorly representing universal design of space and products. CONCLUSIONS: Participants accurately comprehended symbol four and it was identified as the highest ranked symbol representing universal access to fitness equipment. Because of symbol unfamiliarity, adoption will require education and consistency of use and placement.}, Aged, 80 and over Comprehension Disabled Persons/psychology Equipment Design Location Directories and Signs Lohr JN, Galimov ER, D Gems (2019) Does senescence promote fitness in Caenorhabditis elegans by causing death?. Ageing research reviews, 50:58-71. A widely appreciated conclusion from evolutionary theory is that senescence (aging) is of no adaptive value to the individual that it afflicts. Yet studies of Caenorhabditis elegans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are increasingly revealing the presence of processes which actively cause senescence and death, leading some biogerontologists to wonder about the established theory. Here we argue that programmed death that increases fitness could occur in C. elegans and S. cerevisiae, and that this is consistent with the classic evolutionary theory of aging. This is because of the special conditions under which these organisms have evolved, particularly the existence of clonal populations with limited dispersal and, in the case of C. elegans, the brevity of the reproductive period caused by protandrous hermaphroditism. Under these conditions, death-promoting mechanisms could promote worm fitness by enhancing inclusive fitness, or worm colony fitness through group selection. Such altruistic, adaptive death is not expected to evolve in organisms with outbred, dispersed populations (e.g. most vertebrate species). The plausibility of adaptive death in C. elegans is supported by computer modelling studies, and new knowledge about the ecology of this species. To support these arguments we also review the biology of adaptive death, and distinguish three forms: consumer sacrifice, biomass sacrifice and defensive sacrifice. author = {Lohr, JN and Galimov, ER and Gems, D}, title = {Does senescence promote fitness in Caenorhabditis elegans by causing death?.}, journal = {Ageing research reviews}, doi = {10.1016/j.arr.2019.01.008}, support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; 098565/Z/12/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; }, mesh = {Aging/pathology/physiology ; Animals ; Apoptosis/physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Caenorhabditis elegans/physiology ; Cellular Senescence/physiology ; Physical Fitness/physiology ; }, abstract = {A widely appreciated conclusion from evolutionary theory is that senescence (aging) is of no adaptive value to the individual that it afflicts. Yet studies of Caenorhabditis elegans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are increasingly revealing the presence of processes which actively cause senescence and death, leading some biogerontologists to wonder about the established theory. Here we argue that programmed death that increases fitness could occur in C. elegans and S. cerevisiae, and that this is consistent with the classic evolutionary theory of aging. This is because of the special conditions under which these organisms have evolved, particularly the existence of clonal populations with limited dispersal and, in the case of C. elegans, the brevity of the reproductive period caused by protandrous hermaphroditism. Under these conditions, death-promoting mechanisms could promote worm fitness by enhancing inclusive fitness, or worm colony fitness through group selection. Such altruistic, adaptive death is not expected to evolve in organisms with outbred, dispersed populations (e.g. most vertebrate species). The plausibility of adaptive death in C. elegans is supported by computer modelling studies, and new knowledge about the ecology of this species. To support these arguments we also review the biology of adaptive death, and distinguish three forms: consumer sacrifice, biomass sacrifice and defensive sacrifice.}, Aging/pathology/physiology Apoptosis/physiology Caenorhabditis elegans/physiology Cellular Senescence/physiology Physical Fitness/physiology Narasimha S, Nagornov KO, Menin L, et al (2019) Drosophila melanogaster cloak their eggs with pheromones, which prevents cannibalism. PLoS biology, 17(1):e2006012 pii:pbio.2006012. Oviparous animals across many taxa have evolved diverse strategies that deter egg predation, providing valuable tests of how natural selection mitigates direct fitness loss. Communal egg laying in nonsocial species minimizes egg predation. However, in cannibalistic species, this very behavior facilitates egg predation by conspecifics (cannibalism). Similarly, toxins and aposematic signaling that deter egg predators are often inefficient against resistant conspecifics. Egg cannibalism can be adaptive, wherein cannibals may benefit through reduced competition and added nutrition, but since it reduces Darwinian fitness, the evolution of anticannibalistic strategies is rife. However, such strategies are likely to be nontoxic because deploying toxins against related individuals would reduce inclusive fitness. Here, we report how D. melanogaster use specific hydrocarbons to chemically mask their eggs from cannibal larvae. Using an integrative approach combining behavioral, sensory, and mass spectrometry methods, we demonstrate that maternally provisioned pheromone 7,11-heptacosadiene (7,11-HD) in the eggshell's wax layer deters egg cannibalism. Furthermore, we show that 7,11-HD is nontoxic, can mask underlying substrates (for example, yeast) when coated upon them, and its detection requires pickpocket 23 (ppk23) gene function. Finally, using light and electron microscopy, we demonstrate how maternal pheromones leak-proof the egg, consequently concealing it from conspecific larvae. Our data suggest that semiochemicals possibly subserve in deceptive functions across taxa, especially when predators rely on chemical cues to forage, and stimulate further research on deceptive strategies mediated through nonvisual sensory modules. This study thus highlights how integrative approaches can illuminate our understanding on the adaptive significance of deceptive defenses and the mechanisms through which they operate. author = {Narasimha, S and Nagornov, KO and Menin, L and Mucciolo, A and Rohwedder, A and Humbel, BM and Stevens, M and Thum, AS and Tsybin, YO and Vijendravarma, RK}, title = {Drosophila melanogaster cloak their eggs with pheromones, which prevents cannibalism.}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.2006012}, mesh = {Alkadienes/metabolism ; Animals ; Cannibalism ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/metabolism ; Female ; Larva ; Ovum/physiology ; Pheromones/metabolism ; Predatory Behavior/physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology ; }, abstract = {Oviparous animals across many taxa have evolved diverse strategies that deter egg predation, providing valuable tests of how natural selection mitigates direct fitness loss. Communal egg laying in nonsocial species minimizes egg predation. However, in cannibalistic species, this very behavior facilitates egg predation by conspecifics (cannibalism). Similarly, toxins and aposematic signaling that deter egg predators are often inefficient against resistant conspecifics. Egg cannibalism can be adaptive, wherein cannibals may benefit through reduced competition and added nutrition, but since it reduces Darwinian fitness, the evolution of anticannibalistic strategies is rife. However, such strategies are likely to be nontoxic because deploying toxins against related individuals would reduce inclusive fitness. Here, we report how D. melanogaster use specific hydrocarbons to chemically mask their eggs from cannibal larvae. Using an integrative approach combining behavioral, sensory, and mass spectrometry methods, we demonstrate that maternally provisioned pheromone 7,11-heptacosadiene (7,11-HD) in the eggshell's wax layer deters egg cannibalism. Furthermore, we show that 7,11-HD is nontoxic, can mask underlying substrates (for example, yeast) when coated upon them, and its detection requires pickpocket 23 (ppk23) gene function. Finally, using light and electron microscopy, we demonstrate how maternal pheromones leak-proof the egg, consequently concealing it from conspecific larvae. Our data suggest that semiochemicals possibly subserve in deceptive functions across taxa, especially when predators rely on chemical cues to forage, and stimulate further research on deceptive strategies mediated through nonvisual sensory modules. This study thus highlights how integrative approaches can illuminate our understanding on the adaptive significance of deceptive defenses and the mechanisms through which they operate.}, Alkadienes/metabolism Drosophila Proteins/metabolism Drosophila melanogaster/metabolism Ovum/physiology Pheromones/metabolism Predatory Behavior/physiology Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology Aumer D, Stolle E, Allsopp M, et al (2019) A Single SNP Turns a Social Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Worker into a Selfish Parasite. Molecular biology and evolution, 36(3):516-526. The evolution of altruism in complex insect societies is arguably one of the major transitions in evolution and inclusive fitness theory plausibly explains why this is an evolutionary stable strategy. Yet, workers of the South African Cape honey bee (Apis mellifera capensis) can reverse to selfish behavior by becoming social parasites and parthenogenetically producing female offspring (thelytoky). Using a joint mapping and population genomics approach, in combination with a time-course transcript abundance dynamics analysis, we show that a single nucleotide polymorphism at the mapped thelytoky locus (Th) is associated with the iconic thelytokous phenotype. Th forms a linkage group with the ecdysis-triggering hormone receptor (Ethr) within a nonrecombining region under strong selection in the genome. A balanced detrimental allele system plausibly explains why the trait is specific to A. m. capensis and cannot easily establish itself into genomes of other honey bee subspecies. author = {Aumer, D and Stolle, E and Allsopp, M and Mumoki, F and Pirk, CWW and Moritz, RFA}, title = {A Single SNP Turns a Social Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Worker into a Selfish Parasite.}, journal = {Molecular biology and evolution}, doi = {10.1093/molbev/msy232}, mesh = {Altruism ; Animals ; Bees/genetics ; Female ; Parthenogenesis/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Selection, Genetic ; }, abstract = {The evolution of altruism in complex insect societies is arguably one of the major transitions in evolution and inclusive fitness theory plausibly explains why this is an evolutionary stable strategy. Yet, workers of the South African Cape honey bee (Apis mellifera capensis) can reverse to selfish behavior by becoming social parasites and parthenogenetically producing female offspring (thelytoky). Using a joint mapping and population genomics approach, in combination with a time-course transcript abundance dynamics analysis, we show that a single nucleotide polymorphism at the mapped thelytoky locus (Th) is associated with the iconic thelytokous phenotype. Th forms a linkage group with the ecdysis-triggering hormone receptor (Ethr) within a nonrecombining region under strong selection in the genome. A balanced detrimental allele system plausibly explains why the trait is specific to A. m. capensis and cannot easily establish itself into genomes of other honey bee subspecies.}, Bees/genetics Parthenogenesis/genetics Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Selection, Genetic Hare D, Blossey B, HK Reeve (2018) Value of species and the evolution of conservation ethics. Royal Society open science, 5(11):181038 pii:rsos181038. The theory of evolution by natural selection can help explain why people care about other species. Building upon recent insights that morality evolves to secure fitness advantages of cooperation, we propose that conservation ethics (moral beliefs, attitudes, intuitions and norms regarding other species) could be adaptations that support cooperation between humans and non-humans. We present eco-evolutionary cost-benefit models of conservation behaviours as interspecific cooperation (altruism towards members of other species). We find that an evolutionary rule identical in structure to Hamilton's rule (which explains altruistic behaviour towards related conspecifics) can explain altruistic behaviour towards members of other species. Natural selection will favour traits for selectively altering the success of members of other species (e.g. conserving them) in ways that maximize inclusive fitness return benefits. Conservation behaviours and the ethics that evolve to reinforce them will be sensitive to local ecological and socio-cultural conditions, so will assume different contours in different places. Difficulties accurately assessing costs and benefits provided by other species, time required to adapt to ecological and socio-cultural change and barriers to collective action could explain the apparent contradiction between the widespread existence of conservation ethics and patterns of biodiversity decline globally. author = {Hare, D and Blossey, B and Reeve, HK}, title = {Value of species and the evolution of conservation ethics.}, abstract = {The theory of evolution by natural selection can help explain why people care about other species. Building upon recent insights that morality evolves to secure fitness advantages of cooperation, we propose that conservation ethics (moral beliefs, attitudes, intuitions and norms regarding other species) could be adaptations that support cooperation between humans and non-humans. We present eco-evolutionary cost-benefit models of conservation behaviours as interspecific cooperation (altruism towards members of other species). We find that an evolutionary rule identical in structure to Hamilton's rule (which explains altruistic behaviour towards related conspecifics) can explain altruistic behaviour towards members of other species. Natural selection will favour traits for selectively altering the success of members of other species (e.g. conserving them) in ways that maximize inclusive fitness return benefits. Conservation behaviours and the ethics that evolve to reinforce them will be sensitive to local ecological and socio-cultural conditions, so will assume different contours in different places. Difficulties accurately assessing costs and benefits provided by other species, time required to adapt to ecological and socio-cultural change and barriers to collective action could explain the apparent contradiction between the widespread existence of conservation ethics and patterns of biodiversity decline globally.}, Eshel I (2019) Mutual altruism and long-term optimization of the inclusive fitness in multilocus genetic systems. Theoretical population biology, 129:126-132. The dynamics of long-term evolution in a complex genetically-structured population with a flux of random mutations is employed here to study the evolution of mutual altruism between relatives that are encountered repeatedly, where the level of altruism is measured by the risk one is willing to accept in order to save the life of one's relative. It is shown that regardless of the number of loci involved, of the rates of recombination among them, and of the intensity of the selection forces, the long-term dynamics can phenotypically converge only to a level of altruism that maximizes the individual inclusive fitness as it has previously defined by students of the individual approach to evolution. Except for the widely studied case of weak selection, however, the convergence to such a level of altruism is not necessarily generation-to-next monotone. It is further shown that, unlike the case of the one-shot encounter, repeated encounters between relatives allow for more than one level of altruism which may maximize the inclusive fitness, in which case not all such levels of altruism are evolutionarily accessible. author = {Eshel, I}, title = {Mutual altruism and long-term optimization of the inclusive fitness in multilocus genetic systems.}, journal = {Theoretical population biology}, doi = {10.1016/j.tpb.2018.10.005}, abstract = {The dynamics of long-term evolution in a complex genetically-structured population with a flux of random mutations is employed here to study the evolution of mutual altruism between relatives that are encountered repeatedly, where the level of altruism is measured by the risk one is willing to accept in order to save the life of one's relative. It is shown that regardless of the number of loci involved, of the rates of recombination among them, and of the intensity of the selection forces, the long-term dynamics can phenotypically converge only to a level of altruism that maximizes the individual inclusive fitness as it has previously defined by students of the individual approach to evolution. Except for the widely studied case of weak selection, however, the convergence to such a level of altruism is not necessarily generation-to-next monotone. It is further shown that, unlike the case of the one-shot encounter, repeated encounters between relatives allow for more than one level of altruism which may maximize the inclusive fitness, in which case not all such levels of altruism are evolutionarily accessible.}, Clarke PMR, McElreath MB, Barrett BJ, et al (2018) The evolution of bequeathal in stable habitats. Adults sometimes disperse, while philopatric offspring inherit the natal site, a pattern known as bequeathal. Despite a decades-old empirical literature, little theoretical work has explored when natural selection may favor bequeathal. We present a simple mathematical model of the evolution of bequeathal in a stable environment, under both global and local dispersal. We find that natural selection favors bequeathal when adults are competitively advantaged over juveniles, baseline mortality is high, the environment is unsaturated, and when juveniles experience high dispersal mortality. However, frequently bequeathal may not evolve, because the fitness cost for the adult is too large relative to inclusive fitness benefits. Additionally, there are many situations for which bequeathal is an ESS, yet cannot invade the population. As bequeathal in real populations appears to be facultative, yet-to-be-modeled factors like timing of birth in the breeding season may strongly influence the patterns seen in natural populations. author = {Clarke, PMR and McElreath, MB and Barrett, BJ and Mabry, KE and McElreath, R}, title = {The evolution of bequeathal in stable habitats.}, abstract = {Adults sometimes disperse, while philopatric offspring inherit the natal site, a pattern known as bequeathal. Despite a decades-old empirical literature, little theoretical work has explored when natural selection may favor bequeathal. We present a simple mathematical model of the evolution of bequeathal in a stable environment, under both global and local dispersal. We find that natural selection favors bequeathal when adults are competitively advantaged over juveniles, baseline mortality is high, the environment is unsaturated, and when juveniles experience high dispersal mortality. However, frequently bequeathal may not evolve, because the fitness cost for the adult is too large relative to inclusive fitness benefits. Additionally, there are many situations for which bequeathal is an ESS, yet cannot invade the population. As bequeathal in real populations appears to be facultative, yet-to-be-modeled factors like timing of birth in the breeding season may strongly influence the patterns seen in natural populations.}, Amici F (2019) An Evolutionary Approach to the Study of Collaborative Remembering?. Topics in cognitive science, 11(4):811-816. Hope and Gabbert (2008) and Jay and colleagues (in press) show us that collaborative remembering, in certain contexts, may result in incomplete and less accurate memories. Here, I will discuss the evolutionary origins of this behavior, linking it to phenomena such as social contagion, conformity, and social learning, which are highly adaptive and widespread across non-human taxa. author = {Amici, F}, title = {An Evolutionary Approach to the Study of Collaborative Remembering?.}, journal = {Topics in cognitive science}, doi = {10.1111/tops.12398}, abstract = {Hope and Gabbert (2008) and Jay and colleagues (in press) show us that collaborative remembering, in certain contexts, may result in incomplete and less accurate memories. Here, I will discuss the evolutionary origins of this behavior, linking it to phenomena such as social contagion, conformity, and social learning, which are highly adaptive and widespread across non-human taxa.}, Ruiz-Lambides AV, Weiß BM, Kulik L, et al (2018) Which male and female characteristics influence the probability of extragroup paternities in rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta?. Animal behaviour, 140:119-127. Extragroup paternity (EGP) is found across a wide range of species and may entail reproductive benefits, but may also entail costs to both sexes. While population and group parameters affecting the degree of EGPs are relatively well established, less is known about the individual characteristics that make males and females engage in alternative reproductive tactics such as EGP. Applying a combination of long-term demographic and genetic data from the rhesus macaque population of Cayo Santiago (Puerto Rico, U.S.A.), we investigate which male and female characteristics influence the probability of EGP to better understand the circumstances that shape the distribution and occurrence of EGP. Our results show that, against our expectations, higher-ranking females were more likely to produce EGP offspring than lower- ranking females. The probability of producing extragroup offspring was not significantly related to female or male age, male tenure or previous reproductive success. Furthermore, genetic relatedness between the parents did not affect the production of extragroup offspring, but extragroup offspring were more frequently produced early rather than late in a given mating season. Altogether, our analysis suggests that individual attributes and seasonal aspects create different opportunities and preferences for engaging in EGP as an alternative reproductive tactic. The observed patterns of EGP in rhesus macaques appear to be consistent with female mate choice for genetic benefits, which needs to be confirmed in future studies. author = {Ruiz-Lambides, AV and Weiß, BM and Kulik, L and Widdig, A}, title = {Which male and female characteristics influence the probability of extragroup paternities in rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta?.}, journal = {Animal behaviour}, support = {P40 OD012217/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; }, abstract = {Extragroup paternity (EGP) is found across a wide range of species and may entail reproductive benefits, but may also entail costs to both sexes. While population and group parameters affecting the degree of EGPs are relatively well established, less is known about the individual characteristics that make males and females engage in alternative reproductive tactics such as EGP. Applying a combination of long-term demographic and genetic data from the rhesus macaque population of Cayo Santiago (Puerto Rico, U.S.A.), we investigate which male and female characteristics influence the probability of EGP to better understand the circumstances that shape the distribution and occurrence of EGP. Our results show that, against our expectations, higher-ranking females were more likely to produce EGP offspring than lower- ranking females. The probability of producing extragroup offspring was not significantly related to female or male age, male tenure or previous reproductive success. Furthermore, genetic relatedness between the parents did not affect the production of extragroup offspring, but extragroup offspring were more frequently produced early rather than late in a given mating season. Altogether, our analysis suggests that individual attributes and seasonal aspects create different opportunities and preferences for engaging in EGP as an alternative reproductive tactic. The observed patterns of EGP in rhesus macaques appear to be consistent with female mate choice for genetic benefits, which needs to be confirmed in future studies.}, Antfolk J, Lieberman D, Harju C, et al (2018) Opposition to Inbreeding Between Close Kin Reflects Inclusive Fitness Costs. Frontiers in psychology, 9:2101. Due to the intense selection pressure against inbreeding, humans are expected to possess psychological adaptations that regulate mate choice and avoid inbreeding. From a gene's-eye perspective, there is little difference in the evolutionary costs between situations where an individual him/herself is participating in inbreeding and inbreeding among other close relatives. The difference is merely quantitative, as fitness can be compromised via both routes. The question is whether humans are sensitive to the direct as well as indirect costs of inbreeding. Using responses from a large population-based sample (27,364 responses from 2,353 participants), we found that human motivations to avoid inbreeding closely track the theoretical costs of inbreeding as predicted by inclusive fitness theory. Participants were asked to select in a forced choice paradigm, which of two acts of inbreeding with actual family members they would want to avoid most. We found that the estimated fitness costs explained 83.6% of participant choices. Importantly, fitness costs explained choices also when the self was not involved. We conclude that humans intuit the indirect fitness costs of mating decisions made by close family members and that psychological inbreeding avoidance mechanisms extend beyond self-regulation. author = {Antfolk, J and Lieberman, D and Harju, C and Albrecht, A and Mokros, A and Santtila, P}, title = {Opposition to Inbreeding Between Close Kin Reflects Inclusive Fitness Costs.}, abstract = {Due to the intense selection pressure against inbreeding, humans are expected to possess psychological adaptations that regulate mate choice and avoid inbreeding. From a gene's-eye perspective, there is little difference in the evolutionary costs between situations where an individual him/herself is participating in inbreeding and inbreeding among other close relatives. The difference is merely quantitative, as fitness can be compromised via both routes. The question is whether humans are sensitive to the direct as well as indirect costs of inbreeding. Using responses from a large population-based sample (27,364 responses from 2,353 participants), we found that human motivations to avoid inbreeding closely track the theoretical costs of inbreeding as predicted by inclusive fitness theory. Participants were asked to select in a forced choice paradigm, which of two acts of inbreeding with actual family members they would want to avoid most. We found that the estimated fitness costs explained 83.6% of participant choices. Importantly, fitness costs explained choices also when the self was not involved. We conclude that humans intuit the indirect fitness costs of mating decisions made by close family members and that psychological inbreeding avoidance mechanisms extend beyond self-regulation.}, Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics in Metacommunities: Ecological Inheritance, Helping within Species, and Harming between Species. Understanding selection on intra- and interspecific interactions that take place in dispersal-limited communities is a challenge for ecology and evolutionary biology. The problem is that local demographic stochasticity generates eco-evolutionary dynamics that are generally too complicated to make tractable analytical investigations. Here we circumvent this problem by approximating the selection gradient on a quantitative trait that influences local community dynamics, assuming that such dynamics are deterministic with a stable fixed point. The model nonetheless captures unavoidable kin selection effects arising from demographic stochasticity. Our approximation reveals that selection depends on how an individual expressing a trait change influences (1) its own fitness and the fitness of its current relatives and (2) the fitness of its downstream relatives through modifications of local ecological conditions (i.e., through ecological inheritance). Mathematically, the effects of ecological inheritance on selection are captured by dispersal-limited versions of press perturbations of community ecology. We use our approximation to investigate the evolution of helping within species and harming between species when these behaviors influence demography. We find that altruistic helping evolves more readily when intraspecific competition is for material resources rather than for space, because in this case the costs of kin competition tend to be paid by downstream relatives. Similarly, altruistic harming between species evolves when it alleviates downstream relatives from interspecific competition. Beyond these examples, our approximation can help better understand the influence of ecological inheritance on a variety of eco-evolutionary dynamics in metacommunities, from consumer-resource and predator-prey coevolution to selection on mating systems with demographic feedbacks. title = {Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics in Metacommunities: Ecological Inheritance, Helping within Species, and Harming between Species.}, mesh = {Altruism ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Biota ; Demography ; Ecosystem ; Models, Theoretical ; Population Dynamics ; Selection, Genetic ; }, abstract = {Understanding selection on intra- and interspecific interactions that take place in dispersal-limited communities is a challenge for ecology and evolutionary biology. The problem is that local demographic stochasticity generates eco-evolutionary dynamics that are generally too complicated to make tractable analytical investigations. Here we circumvent this problem by approximating the selection gradient on a quantitative trait that influences local community dynamics, assuming that such dynamics are deterministic with a stable fixed point. The model nonetheless captures unavoidable kin selection effects arising from demographic stochasticity. Our approximation reveals that selection depends on how an individual expressing a trait change influences (1) its own fitness and the fitness of its current relatives and (2) the fitness of its downstream relatives through modifications of local ecological conditions (i.e., through ecological inheritance). Mathematically, the effects of ecological inheritance on selection are captured by dispersal-limited versions of press perturbations of community ecology. We use our approximation to investigate the evolution of helping within species and harming between species when these behaviors influence demography. We find that altruistic helping evolves more readily when intraspecific competition is for material resources rather than for space, because in this case the costs of kin competition tend to be paid by downstream relatives. Similarly, altruistic harming between species evolves when it alleviates downstream relatives from interspecific competition. Beyond these examples, our approximation can help better understand the influence of ecological inheritance on a variety of eco-evolutionary dynamics in metacommunities, from consumer-resource and predator-prey coevolution to selection on mating systems with demographic feedbacks.}, Biota Thomson CE, JD Hadfield (2019) No evidence for sibling or parent-offspring coadaptation in a wild population of blue tits, despite high power. Evolution; international journal of organic evolution, 73(1):28-41. Parent and offspring behaviors are expected to act as both the agents and targets of selection. This may generate parent-offspring coadaptation in which parent and offspring behaviors become genetically correlated in a way that increases inclusive fitness. Cross-fostering has been used to study parent-offspring coadaptation, with the prediction that offspring raised by non-relatives, or parents raising non-relatives, should suffer fitness costs. Using long-term data from more than 400 partially crossed broods of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), we show that there is no difference in mass or survival between crossed and non-crossed chicks. However, previous studies for which the evidence for parent-offspring coadaptation is strongest compare chicks from fully crossed broods with those from non-crossed broods. When parent-offspring coadaptation acts at the level of the brood then partial cross-fostering experiments are not expected to show evidence of coadaptation. To test this, we performed an additional experiment (163 broods) in which clutches were either fully crossed, non-crossed, or partially crossed. In agreement with the long-term data, there was no evidence for parent-offspring coadaptation on offspring fitness despite high power. In addition there was no evidence of effects on parental fitness, nor evidence of sibling coadaptation, although the power of these tests was more modest. author = {Thomson, CE and Hadfield, JD}, title = {No evidence for sibling or parent-offspring coadaptation in a wild population of blue tits, despite high power.}, support = {//EPSRC/ ; UF150696//Royal Society/ ; UF100660//Royal Society/ ; NE/F015275/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; NE/P000924/1//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; }, abstract = {Parent and offspring behaviors are expected to act as both the agents and targets of selection. This may generate parent-offspring coadaptation in which parent and offspring behaviors become genetically correlated in a way that increases inclusive fitness. Cross-fostering has been used to study parent-offspring coadaptation, with the prediction that offspring raised by non-relatives, or parents raising non-relatives, should suffer fitness costs. Using long-term data from more than 400 partially crossed broods of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), we show that there is no difference in mass or survival between crossed and non-crossed chicks. However, previous studies for which the evidence for parent-offspring coadaptation is strongest compare chicks from fully crossed broods with those from non-crossed broods. When parent-offspring coadaptation acts at the level of the brood then partial cross-fostering experiments are not expected to show evidence of coadaptation. To test this, we performed an additional experiment (163 broods) in which clutches were either fully crossed, non-crossed, or partially crossed. In agreement with the long-term data, there was no evidence for parent-offspring coadaptation on offspring fitness despite high power. In addition there was no evidence of effects on parental fitness, nor evidence of sibling coadaptation, although the power of these tests was more modest.}, Wang C, X Lu (2018) Reply to Engelhardt et al.: Inclusive fitness does maintain a heritable altruism polymorphism in Tibetan ground tits. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(48):E11210-E11211. author = {Wang, C and Lu, X}, title = {Reply to Engelhardt et al.: Inclusive fitness does maintain a heritable altruism polymorphism in Tibetan ground tits.}, pages = {E11210-E11211}, mesh = {Altruism ; Game Theory ; Genetic Fitness ; Tibet ; }, Green JP, BJ Hatchwell (2018) Inclusive fitness consequences of dispersal decisions in a cooperatively breeding bird, the long-tailed tit (Aegithalos caudatus). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(47):12011-12016. Natal dispersal is a demographic trait with profound evolutionary, ecological, and behavioral consequences. However, our understanding of the adaptive value of dispersal patterns is severely hampered by the difficulty of measuring the relative fitness consequences of alternative dispersal strategies in natural populations. This is especially true in social species, in which natal philopatry allows kin selection to operate, so direct and indirect components of inclusive fitness have to be considered when evaluating selection on dispersal. Here, we use lifetime reproductive success data from a long-term study of a cooperative breeder, the long-tailed tit Aegithalos caudatus, to quantify the direct and indirect components of inclusive fitness. We show that dispersal has a negative effect on the accrual of indirect fitness, and hence inclusive fitness, by males. In contrast, the inclusive, predominantly direct, fitness of females increases with dispersal distance. We conclude that the conflicting fitness consequences of dispersal in this species result in sexually antagonistic selection on this key demographic parameter. author = {Green, JP and Hatchwell, BJ}, title = {Inclusive fitness consequences of dispersal decisions in a cooperatively breeding bird, the long-tailed tit (Aegithalos caudatus).}, mesh = {Animal Migration/physiology ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Gene Flow/physiology ; Male ; Mating Preference, Animal/physiology ; Passeriformes/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Songbirds/physiology ; }, abstract = {Natal dispersal is a demographic trait with profound evolutionary, ecological, and behavioral consequences. However, our understanding of the adaptive value of dispersal patterns is severely hampered by the difficulty of measuring the relative fitness consequences of alternative dispersal strategies in natural populations. This is especially true in social species, in which natal philopatry allows kin selection to operate, so direct and indirect components of inclusive fitness have to be considered when evaluating selection on dispersal. Here, we use lifetime reproductive success data from a long-term study of a cooperative breeder, the long-tailed tit Aegithalos caudatus, to quantify the direct and indirect components of inclusive fitness. We show that dispersal has a negative effect on the accrual of indirect fitness, and hence inclusive fitness, by males. In contrast, the inclusive, predominantly direct, fitness of females increases with dispersal distance. We conclude that the conflicting fitness consequences of dispersal in this species result in sexually antagonistic selection on this key demographic parameter.}, Animal Migration/physiology Behavior, Animal/physiology Gene Flow/physiology Mating Preference, Animal/physiology Passeriformes/physiology Songbirds/physiology Macfarlan SJ, Erickson PI, Yost J, et al (2018) Bands of brothers and in-laws: Waorani warfare, marriage and alliance formation. Proceedings. Biological sciences, 285(1890):. The root of modern human warfare lies in the lethal coalitionary violence of males in small-scale societies. However, there is a paucity of quantitative data concerning the form and function of coalitionary violence in this setting. Debates exist over how lethal coalitions are constituted, as well as the motivations and benefits for males to join such groups. Data from a lowland Amazonian population, the Waorani of Ecuador, illuminate three issues: (i) the degree to which raiding parties are composed of groups of fraternal kin as opposed to strategic alliances of actual or potential affinal kin; (ii) the extent to which individuals use pre-existing affinal ties to motivate others to participate in war or leverage warfare as a mechanism to create such ties; and (iii) the extent to which participation in raiding is driven by rewards associated with future marriage opportunities. Analyses demonstrate that Waorani raiding parties were composed of a mix of males who were potential affines, actual affines and fraternal kin, suggesting that men used pre-existing genetic, lineal and social kin ties for recruiting raid partners and used raiding as a venue to create novel social relationships. Furthermore, analyses demonstrate that males leveraged raiding alliances to achieve marriage opportunities for themselves as well as for their children. Overall, it appears that a complex set of motivations involving individual rewards, kin marriage opportunities, subtle coercion and the assessment of alliance strength promote violent intergroup conflict among the Waorani. These findings illustrate the complex inter-relationships among kin selection, coalition building and mating success in our species. author = {Macfarlan, SJ and Erickson, PI and Yost, J and Regalado, J and Jaramillo, L and Beckerman, S}, title = {Bands of brothers and in-laws: Waorani warfare, marriage and alliance formation.}, mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Anthropology, Cultural ; Child ; Cooperative Behavior ; Ecuador ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Marriage/psychology ; Middle Aged ; Warfare/psychology ; }, abstract = {The root of modern human warfare lies in the lethal coalitionary violence of males in small-scale societies. However, there is a paucity of quantitative data concerning the form and function of coalitionary violence in this setting. Debates exist over how lethal coalitions are constituted, as well as the motivations and benefits for males to join such groups. Data from a lowland Amazonian population, the Waorani of Ecuador, illuminate three issues: (i) the degree to which raiding parties are composed of groups of fraternal kin as opposed to strategic alliances of actual or potential affinal kin; (ii) the extent to which individuals use pre-existing affinal ties to motivate others to participate in war or leverage warfare as a mechanism to create such ties; and (iii) the extent to which participation in raiding is driven by rewards associated with future marriage opportunities. Analyses demonstrate that Waorani raiding parties were composed of a mix of males who were potential affines, actual affines and fraternal kin, suggesting that men used pre-existing genetic, lineal and social kin ties for recruiting raid partners and used raiding as a venue to create novel social relationships. Furthermore, analyses demonstrate that males leveraged raiding alliances to achieve marriage opportunities for themselves as well as for their children. Overall, it appears that a complex set of motivations involving individual rewards, kin marriage opportunities, subtle coercion and the assessment of alliance strength promote violent intergroup conflict among the Waorani. These findings illustrate the complex inter-relationships among kin selection, coalition building and mating success in our species.}, Anthropology, Cultural Cooperative Behavior Marriage/psychology Warfare/psychology Holen ØH, RA Johnstone (2018) Reciprocal mimicry: kin selection can drive defended prey to resemble their Batesian mimics. Established mimicry theory predicts that Batesian mimics are selected to resemble their defended models, while models are selected to become dissimilar from their mimics. However, this theory has mainly considered individual selection acting on solitary organisms such as adult butterflies. Although Batesian mimicry of social insects is common, the few existing applications of kin selection theory to mimicry have emphasized relatedness among mimics rather than among models. Here, we present a signal detection model of Batesian mimicry in which the population of defended model prey is kin structured. Our analysis shows for most of parameter space that increased average dissimilarity from mimics has a twofold group-level cost for the model prey: it attracts more predators and these adopt more aggressive attack strategies. When mimetic resemblance and local relatedness are sufficiently high, such costs acting in the local neighbourhood may outweigh the individual benefits of dissimilarity, causing kin selection to drive the models to resemble their mimics. This requires model prey to be more common than mimics and/or well-defended, the conditions under which Batesian mimicry is thought most successful. Local relatedness makes defended prey easier targets for Batesian mimicry and is likely to stabilize the mimetic relationship over time. author = {Holen, ØH and Johnstone, RA}, title = {Reciprocal mimicry: kin selection can drive defended prey to resemble their Batesian mimics.}, mesh = {Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Biological Mimicry/genetics ; Models, Biological ; Predatory Behavior ; Selection, Genetic ; }, abstract = {Established mimicry theory predicts that Batesian mimics are selected to resemble their defended models, while models are selected to become dissimilar from their mimics. However, this theory has mainly considered individual selection acting on solitary organisms such as adult butterflies. Although Batesian mimicry of social insects is common, the few existing applications of kin selection theory to mimicry have emphasized relatedness among mimics rather than among models. Here, we present a signal detection model of Batesian mimicry in which the population of defended model prey is kin structured. Our analysis shows for most of parameter space that increased average dissimilarity from mimics has a twofold group-level cost for the model prey: it attracts more predators and these adopt more aggressive attack strategies. When mimetic resemblance and local relatedness are sufficiently high, such costs acting in the local neighbourhood may outweigh the individual benefits of dissimilarity, causing kin selection to drive the models to resemble their mimics. This requires model prey to be more common than mimics and/or well-defended, the conditions under which Batesian mimicry is thought most successful. Local relatedness makes defended prey easier targets for Batesian mimicry and is likely to stabilize the mimetic relationship over time.}, Biological Mimicry/genetics Predatory Behavior Hernández Blasi C, L Mondéjar (2018) Testing the Kundera Hypothesis: Does Every Woman (But Not Every Man) Prefer Her Child to Her Mate?. The context of a famous novel by Milan Kundera (Immortality) suggests that when faced with a life-or-death situation, every woman would prefer to save her child than her husband, left hanging whether every man would do the same. We labeled this as the Kundera hypothesis, and the purpose of this study was to test it empirically as we believe it raises a thought-provoking question in evolutionary terms. Specifically, 197 college students (92 women) were presented a questionnaire where they had to make different decisions about four dilemmas about who to save (their mate or their offspring) in two hypothetical life-or-death situations: a home fire and a car crash. These dilemmas involved two different mate ages (a 25- or a 40-year-old mate) and two offspring ages (1- or a 6-year-old child). For comparative purposes, we also included complementary life-or-death dilemmas on both a sibling and an offspring, and a sibling and a cousin. The results generally supported the Kundera hypothesis: Although the majority of men and women made the decision to save their offspring instead of their mate, about 18% of men on average (unlike the 5% of women) consistently decided to save their mate across the four dilemmas in the two life-or-death situations. These data were interpreted with reference to Hamilton's inclusive fitness theory, the preferential role of women as kin keepers, and the evolution of altruism toward friends and mates. author = {Hernández Blasi, C and Mondéjar, L}, title = {Testing the Kundera Hypothesis: Does Every Woman (But Not Every Man) Prefer Her Child to Her Mate?.}, mesh = {Adult ; Altruism ; Choice Behavior/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Maternal Behavior/physiology ; Morals ; Parent-Child Relations ; Sexual Partners ; Young Adult ; }, abstract = {The context of a famous novel by Milan Kundera (Immortality) suggests that when faced with a life-or-death situation, every woman would prefer to save her child than her husband, left hanging whether every man would do the same. We labeled this as the Kundera hypothesis, and the purpose of this study was to test it empirically as we believe it raises a thought-provoking question in evolutionary terms. Specifically, 197 college students (92 women) were presented a questionnaire where they had to make different decisions about four dilemmas about who to save (their mate or their offspring) in two hypothetical life-or-death situations: a home fire and a car crash. These dilemmas involved two different mate ages (a 25- or a 40-year-old mate) and two offspring ages (1- or a 6-year-old child). For comparative purposes, we also included complementary life-or-death dilemmas on both a sibling and an offspring, and a sibling and a cousin. The results generally supported the Kundera hypothesis: Although the majority of men and women made the decision to save their offspring instead of their mate, about 18% of men on average (unlike the 5% of women) consistently decided to save their mate across the four dilemmas in the two life-or-death situations. These data were interpreted with reference to Hamilton's inclusive fitness theory, the preferential role of women as kin keepers, and the evolution of altruism toward friends and mates.}, Choice Behavior/physiology Interpersonal Relations Morals Parent-Child Relations Sexual Partners Fortuna TM, Namias A, Snirc A, et al (2018) Multiple infections, relatedness and virulence in the anther-smut fungus castrating Saponaria plants. Multiple infections (co-occurrence of multiple pathogen genotypes within an individual host) can have important impacts on diseases. Relatedness among pathogens can affect the likelihood of multiple infections and their consequences through kin selection. Previous studies on the castrating anther-smut fungus Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae have shown that multiple infections occur in its host plant Silene latifolia. Relatedness was high among fungal genotypes within plants, which could result from competitive exclusion between unrelated fungal genotypes, from population structure or from interactions between plant and fungal genotypes for infection ability. Here, we aimed at disentangling these hypotheses using M. saponariae and its host Saponaria officinalis, both experimentally tractable for these questions. By analysing populations using microsatellite markers, we also found frequent occurrence of multiple infections and high relatedness among strains within host plants. Infections resulting from experimental inoculations in the greenhouse also revealed high relatedness among strains co-infecting host plants, even in clonally replicated plant genotypes, indicating that high relatedness within plants did not result merely from plant x fungus interactions or population structure. Furthermore, hyphal growth in vitro was affected by the presence of a competitor growing nearby and by its genetic similarity, although this latter effect was strain-dependent. Altogether, our results support the hypothesis that relatedness-dependent competitive exclusion occurs in Microbotryum fungi within plants. These microorganisms can thus respond to competitors and to their level of relatedness. author = {Fortuna, TM and Namias, A and Snirc, A and Branca, A and Hood, ME and Raquin, C and Shykoff, JA and Giraud, T}, title = {Multiple infections, relatedness and virulence in the anther-smut fungus castrating Saponaria plants.}, mesh = {Basidiomycota/genetics/pathogenicity ; Flowers/microbiology ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Plant Infertility ; Saponaria/genetics/microbiology ; Virulence ; }, abstract = {Multiple infections (co-occurrence of multiple pathogen genotypes within an individual host) can have important impacts on diseases. Relatedness among pathogens can affect the likelihood of multiple infections and their consequences through kin selection. Previous studies on the castrating anther-smut fungus Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae have shown that multiple infections occur in its host plant Silene latifolia. Relatedness was high among fungal genotypes within plants, which could result from competitive exclusion between unrelated fungal genotypes, from population structure or from interactions between plant and fungal genotypes for infection ability. Here, we aimed at disentangling these hypotheses using M. saponariae and its host Saponaria officinalis, both experimentally tractable for these questions. By analysing populations using microsatellite markers, we also found frequent occurrence of multiple infections and high relatedness among strains within host plants. Infections resulting from experimental inoculations in the greenhouse also revealed high relatedness among strains co-infecting host plants, even in clonally replicated plant genotypes, indicating that high relatedness within plants did not result merely from plant x fungus interactions or population structure. Furthermore, hyphal growth in vitro was affected by the presence of a competitor growing nearby and by its genetic similarity, although this latter effect was strain-dependent. Altogether, our results support the hypothesis that relatedness-dependent competitive exclusion occurs in Microbotryum fungi within plants. These microorganisms can thus respond to competitors and to their level of relatedness.}, Basidiomycota/genetics/pathogenicity Flowers/microbiology Plant Diseases/microbiology Plant Infertility Saponaria/genetics/microbiology Dos Santos M, Ghoul M, SA West (2018) Pleiotropy, cooperation, and the social evolution of genetic architecture. Pleiotropy has been suggested as a novel mechanism for stabilising cooperation in bacteria and other microbes. The hypothesis is that linking cooperation with a trait that provides a personal (private) benefit can outweigh the cost of cooperation in situations when cooperation would not be favoured by mechanisms such as kin selection. We analysed the theoretical plausibility of this hypothesis, with analytical models and individual-based simulations. We found that (1) pleiotropy does not stabilise cooperation, unless the cooperative and private traits are linked via a genetic architecture that cannot evolve (mutational constraint); (2) if the genetic architecture is constrained in this way, then pleiotropy favours any type of trait and not especially cooperation; (3) if the genetic architecture can evolve, then pleiotropy does not favour cooperation; and (4) there are several alternative explanations for why traits may be linked, and causality can even be predicted in the opposite direction, with cooperation favouring pleiotropy. Our results suggest that pleiotropy could only explain cooperation under restrictive conditions and instead show how social evolution can shape the genetic architecture. author = {Dos Santos, M and Ghoul, M and West, SA}, title = {Pleiotropy, cooperation, and the social evolution of genetic architecture.}, mesh = {Computer Simulation ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Pleiotropy/physiology ; Genotype ; Microbial Interactions/genetics/physiology ; Microbiota/genetics/physiology ; Models, Genetic ; Mutation ; }, abstract = {Pleiotropy has been suggested as a novel mechanism for stabilising cooperation in bacteria and other microbes. The hypothesis is that linking cooperation with a trait that provides a personal (private) benefit can outweigh the cost of cooperation in situations when cooperation would not be favoured by mechanisms such as kin selection. We analysed the theoretical plausibility of this hypothesis, with analytical models and individual-based simulations. We found that (1) pleiotropy does not stabilise cooperation, unless the cooperative and private traits are linked via a genetic architecture that cannot evolve (mutational constraint); (2) if the genetic architecture is constrained in this way, then pleiotropy favours any type of trait and not especially cooperation; (3) if the genetic architecture can evolve, then pleiotropy does not favour cooperation; and (4) there are several alternative explanations for why traits may be linked, and causality can even be predicted in the opposite direction, with cooperation favouring pleiotropy. Our results suggest that pleiotropy could only explain cooperation under restrictive conditions and instead show how social evolution can shape the genetic architecture.}, Evolution, Molecular Genetic Pleiotropy/physiology Microbial Interactions/genetics/physiology Microbiota/genetics/physiology Models, Genetic Li XY, H Kokko (2019) Sex-biased dispersal: a review of the theory. Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 94(2):721-736. Dispersal is ubiquitous throughout the tree of life: factors selecting for dispersal include kin competition, inbreeding avoidance and spatiotemporal variation in resources or habitat suitability. These factors differ in whether they promote male and female dispersal equally strongly, and often selection on dispersal of one sex depends on how much the other disperses. For example, for inbreeding avoidance it can be sufficient that one sex disperses away from the natal site. Attempts to understand sex-specific dispersal evolution have created a rich body of theoretical literature, which we review here. We highlight an interesting gap between empirical and theoretical literature. The former associates different patterns of sex-biased dispersal with mating systems, such as female-biased dispersal in monogamous birds and male-biased dispersal in polygynous mammals. The predominant explanation is traceable back to Greenwood's () ideas of how successful philopatric or dispersing individuals are at gaining mates or the resources required to attract them. Theory, however, has developed surprisingly independently of these ideas: models typically track how immigration and emigration change relatedness patterns and alter competition for limiting resources. The limiting resources are often considered sexually distinct, with breeding sites and fertilizable females limiting reproductive success for females and males, respectively. We show that the link between mating system and sex-biased dispersal is far from resolved: there are studies showing that mating systems matter, but the oft-stated association between polygyny and male-biased dispersal is not a straightforward theoretical expectation. Here, an important understudied factor is the extent to which movement is interpretable as an extension of mate-searching (e.g. are matings possible en route or do they only happen after settling in new habitat - or can females perhaps move with stored sperm). We also point out other new directions for bridging the gap between empirical and theoretical studies: there is a need to build Greenwood's influential yet verbal explanation into formal models, which also includes the possibility that an individual benefits from mobility as it leads to fitness gains in more than one final breeding location (a possibility not present in models with a very rigid deme structure). The order of life-cycle events is likewise important, as this impacts whether a departing individual leaves behind important resources for its female or male kin, or perhaps both, in the case of partially overlapping resource use. author = {Li, XY and Kokko, H}, title = {Sex-biased dispersal: a review of the theory.}, journal = {Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society}, doi = {10.1111/brv.12475}, mesh = {Animal Distribution/physiology ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Female ; Genetic Fitness ; Inbreeding ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Factors ; Sex Ratio ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; }, abstract = {Dispersal is ubiquitous throughout the tree of life: factors selecting for dispersal include kin competition, inbreeding avoidance and spatiotemporal variation in resources or habitat suitability. These factors differ in whether they promote male and female dispersal equally strongly, and often selection on dispersal of one sex depends on how much the other disperses. For example, for inbreeding avoidance it can be sufficient that one sex disperses away from the natal site. Attempts to understand sex-specific dispersal evolution have created a rich body of theoretical literature, which we review here. We highlight an interesting gap between empirical and theoretical literature. The former associates different patterns of sex-biased dispersal with mating systems, such as female-biased dispersal in monogamous birds and male-biased dispersal in polygynous mammals. The predominant explanation is traceable back to Greenwood's () ideas of how successful philopatric or dispersing individuals are at gaining mates or the resources required to attract them. Theory, however, has developed surprisingly independently of these ideas: models typically track how immigration and emigration change relatedness patterns and alter competition for limiting resources. The limiting resources are often considered sexually distinct, with breeding sites and fertilizable females limiting reproductive success for females and males, respectively. We show that the link between mating system and sex-biased dispersal is far from resolved: there are studies showing that mating systems matter, but the oft-stated association between polygyny and male-biased dispersal is not a straightforward theoretical expectation. Here, an important understudied factor is the extent to which movement is interpretable as an extension of mate-searching (e.g. are matings possible en route or do they only happen after settling in new habitat - or can females perhaps move with stored sperm). We also point out other new directions for bridging the gap between empirical and theoretical studies: there is a need to build Greenwood's influential yet verbal explanation into formal models, which also includes the possibility that an individual benefits from mobility as it leads to fitness gains in more than one final breeding location (a possibility not present in models with a very rigid deme structure). The order of life-cycle events is likewise important, as this impacts whether a departing individual leaves behind important resources for its female or male kin, or perhaps both, in the case of partially overlapping resource use.}, Animal Distribution/physiology Genetic Fitness Sex Characteristics Sexual Behavior, Animal ▼ ▼ LOAD NEXT 100 CITATIONS ESP: HOME » Recommended » Literature » Kin Selection	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28805
__label__wiki	0.966159	0.966159	Prabhakaran’s son credited with new devastating ch... Prabhakaran’s son credited with new devastating chemical bomb Charles Anthony is proven to be a psychopathic megalomaniac like his father Velupillai Prabhakaran and the senior leaders of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) worry about the meteoritic rise of the son. According to intelligence reports Charles Anthony has developed a new chemical weapon capable of such a shock wave that could kill, permanently damage vision and hearing and also make women barren. "Now that the war is in the northern theatre, use of this lethal weapon could make the Tamil women barren and reduce the birth rate in a drastic manner," an analyst said. "Father used to kill the innocent Tamils and other civilians. The son has now gone a step further. He is determined to make the Tamil women – mothers, daughters and sisters barren. - Chip of the old block" Sources revealed that Charles Anthony developed his crude Improvised Explosive Devise (IED) as answer to LTTE’s plan to stop the troops from marching into Vanni. Latest military reports revealed that Sri Lankan Government forces have started surrounding the LTTE’s Vanni stronghold, and menacingly advancing into the Tiger power centre. This situation has made them to realize that the 122 MM big guns of theirs has become something of an inappropriate lethal weaponry to rely of, as the enemy is so close and near, unable to fire effectively with a firing range of 25 KM. When the inability to stop the advancing forces became a life and death issue, heir-apparent Charles Anthony, it is said, has come up with two Improvised Explosive Devises Sandai 500 Kg– (Fight) and Samathanam 500 Kg (Peace). News-Lanka learnt that these two new Improvised Explosive Devises are not something new, but yet another version of the “Pasilan 2000” of the 1990s, the home made explosive type used to threaten the enemies with a loud explosion. The sound when exploded is heard for a long distance and those in close proximity have been affected with their hearings and also it was told that blood used to ooze out from the ears of the enemies when this crude devise explodes. Pasilan 2000 had a range of 200 meters. Pasilan 2000 was introduced in the LTTE military hardware, known as a mortar or artillery, like the 122mm canon, successor to the ‘Baba mortar’ used by the LTTE for ground operations in the late 1980s. However the two newly devised explosives are said to be capable of carrying a war head weighing 500 Kg to a distance roughly to 1 Km against that of 200 meters of Pasilan 2000. Experts revealed that casing of these two explosives are cast out of aluminium metals and it has a tendency to melt and when it lands it looses force and cracking down is limited against TNT grenades made with the iron casings. On trial explosions it became apparent that many pregnant women within a radius three kilometres aborted on the on the peculiar loud noise of the explosion, and the doctors in the Vanni have warned that explosion of these two crude explosives - Sandai and Samathanam would cause permanent barrenness in the midst of women. Though the after-effects of this crude explosive devises are alarming, but the heir-apparent has ordered the field commanders to use this dangerous explosive in the battle field. He also had told that the women cadres in the field to be withdraw to three to three four KM before theses explosives are fired. Though women cadres might have very remote chances of being saved, but the plight of women in Vanni faces the danger of turning barren in the near future. Sources also revealed that senior leaders of the LTTE have expressed concern over Prabhakaran’s overt and covert strategy of promoting his son over above the seniors who sacrificed the entire youth for the movement. “Soosai, Bhanu, Baby Subramanium, Illantherian and many others are worried about this development,” the source said. “They argue that Charles Anthony lacked experience to take such a senior position and his inhuman methods could be harmful to the image of the LTTE, which is currently trying to whitewash its image keeping in mind the international community. Even (Intelligence Head) Pottu (Amman) has warned Prabhakaran against giving too many responsibilities to young Charles Anthony,” he said. Labels: attack, Chemical bomb, LTTE	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28806
__label__cc	0.569257	0.430743	Lies, damned lies, and demos Hello! Welcome to the second installment of Technologizer the newsletter. As I write this, 461 of you By Harry McCracken • Issue #2 • View online Hello! Welcome to the second installment of Technologizer the newsletter. As I write this, 461 of you have signed up to receive this. That’s more than I guessed would come on board so quickly, and prompted me to hastily upgrade my Revue newsletter-publishing plan to accomodate more of you. I’m still experimenting with this medium. The last issue consisted of a bunch of short items, but would you mind if this one focused on one subject? (Okay, okay, I’ll include an bonus item at the end.) The dark art of the demo Bill Gates and Regis Philbin at the Windows XP launch in 2001, in a fuzzy photo I took with my Canon point-and-shoot (and which is only tangentially related to this piece). Was Google’s I/O unveiling of Duplex, um, duplicitious? The company showed off the technology, designed to let AI-infused software place phone calls and make appointments, by playing two recorded conversations, to a hair stylist and a restaurant. CEO Sundar Pichai emphasized that they were “real” calls. As journalists have raised questions about the recordings—for instance, why don’t the establishments identify themselves or ask for contact info?—Google has chosen not to address them. Now Daring Fireball’s John Gruber has written a post (one of several he’s posted on the topic) detailing his suspicions that Duplex might be real, but not yet as refined as the I/O presentation suggested. I’m not here to ruminate about Duplex, its rollout, and Google’s responsibilities. (For one thing, I did so in my last newsletter.) Instead, I’m moved to noodle around on a point in Gruber’s post: “A recording is not a demo.” He’s right. (I was guilty of lax terminology when I called the Duplex segment of the I/O keynote a “demo” in my initial coverage, and feel sheepish about it.) An onstage presentation involving playback of audio (or video) is not the same thing as one in which someone uses a product live. It removes the risk of embarassing failure and generally strips away the context that would allow the audience to judge just how impressive a new product or technology really is. Now, there are legitimate reasons why a company might choose to play a recording rather than perform a live demo. For instance, a true unstaged demo of Duplex onstage at I/O would have been a nonstarter for any number of reasons, starting with the fact that Google wouldn’t have subjected some unsuspecting small business to being part of an onstage presentation streamed to a global audience. And if the business was expecting the call, any interaction with Duplex would have been kabuki rather than a real encounter. But the thing is, even demos that really are demos are works of stagecraft. Nobody’s going to show you a half-finished feature or delve into functionality that will, more likely than not, result in a crash. They’ll show you precisely what they want to show you, and you generally don’t have a clue what you aren’t seeing. There’s a Potemkin Village-like aspect to the entire ritual. That was especially true back in golden age of computer magazines, when companies previewed upcoming products to the press months before they shipped. Almost nothing was anywhere near ready for prime time, which meant that demos—even ones of genuinely impressive products—were akin to someone driving down a twisty road knowing that even one wrong turn would have sent the car careening off a cliff. Mostly, companies are able to pull off such feats in catastrophe-free fashion, which is why the major exceptions are so memorable. The 1998 Microsoft scanner demo which blue-screened a Windows 98 PC as Bill Gates watched was big news at the time; 20 years later, the Register was moved to publish an article marking its anniversary. Bill Gates, Windows 98, Blue Screen of Death - YouTube I remember a different Gates demo glitch from that era: At the Windows XP launch in 2001, he made a Windows Messenger video call from bustling Times Square to an associate onstage in the theater. During the call, Gates’ laptop crashed—and he instantly switched to a second machine which he just so happened to have with him. It was a nice rebound, but it highlighted the artifice of the whole exercise. What I’m saying is that a product’s ability to get through a live demo is only slightly more impressive than it seeming to work well in a pre-recorded presentation. Steve Jobs’ January 2007 reveal of the original iPhone was the greatest demo of this century. But as Gruber notes, when Apple then let a few journalists try out the the phone for themselves in supervised sessions later that day, they found that the smartphone that had seemed feature-complete in Jobs’ hands was still missing some functionality altogether. It was only possible to evaluate the iPhone as a product once reviewers (and, soon thereafter, consumers) got unfettered access to it, which happened months later. The same will be true of Duplex, no matter when it ships and regardless of how Google chose to introduce it to the world. Many thanks from Macintosh Speaking of Steve Jobs, the cover of the first issue of Macworld, depicting a nattily-attired Jobs posing with three Macs, is probably the most famous image in computer-magazine history. (Or maybe the only famous image; I can’t think of a runner-up.) The insides of that 1984 issue are not so well known. When I recently perused an original file copy, one of my favorite items was a story on Susan Kare, whose wonderful iconography played a major role in defining the original Macintosh experience and influences computing interfaces to this day. Macworld’s Jeffrey Young interviewed Kare about some of the artwork she had created on a Mac, back when the machine hadn’t yet been released and she was just about the first artist to get her hand on its mouse. The least fancy example of Kare’s work in the article is still an oddly memorable, evocative one: a “many thanks” certificate designed to be cosigned by Jobs and Apple CEO John Sculley. (Whether Apple did dole these out or it’s just an example, I’m not sure.) At first glance, the certificate looks like the sort of thing that anybody and everybody would soon be whipping up in desktop-publishing programs using templates and clip art. Kare’s version, however, is hand-crafted–she explains that she made each of the knots in the border’s corners slightly different–and it’s easy to forget that in 1984, Macworld readers would have been impressed by the idea it had been created on a personal computer. That’s it for now. Drop me a line at harry@technologizer.com with any thoughts, requests, or questions, and see you in a few days.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28809
__label__cc	0.748987	0.251013	Klaria signs exclusive development, license and supply agreement with Purdue Pharma (Canada) for acute treatment of opioid overdose (KL-00514) Uppsala, Sweden and Pickering, Canada, August 9, 2017/CNW/ – Klaria AB (Klaria) (Parent Company, Klaria Pharma Holding AB, Stockholm OMX Nasdaq:KLAR) and Purdue Pharma (Canada) today announce they have entered into exclusive development and license and supply agreements for KL-00514 (Naloxone Buccal Film). KL-00514 is a developmental stage formulation of naloxone intended for acute treatment of intentional or accidental opioid overdose designed to give a rapid and reliable response in patients while providing a compact dosage form that could be distributed widely to patients, caregivers and emergency personnel. “We are very excited to enter into this collaboration with a development partner with such broad experience and expertise in the field as well as direct market knowledge and legacy,” says Dr. Scott Boyer, CEO, Klaria. “Wider patient access to naloxone is one of the goals of many health authorities throughout the world and we believe KL-00514 can provide broad access and relative ease of use for a very competitive cost.” “Collaborating on the development of KL-00514, a product designed to specifically address opioid overdose, is another concrete step we are taking to address a serious public health issue Canadians are facing,” says Dr. Craig Landau, President and CEO, Purdue Pharma (Canada). “Prescription opioid medicines remain a safe and effective treatment option for patients who are appropriately selected and monitored; however, these medicines have risks. It is our goal to provide access to life-saving treatments that support the combined efforts of regulators and governments of all levels to make treatments for intentional or accidental overdose as broadly available as possible.” Landau added: “Investing in drug development to bring value to patients has always been an integral part of Purdue Canada’s contributions to the healthcare system and to Canadian patients. In the case of KL-00514, subject to successful clinical development and subsequent approval by Health Canada, those who use diverted medications and suffer from accidental or intentional overdose may also benefit”. KL-00514 will be co-developed by Klaria and Purdue Pharma (Canada). The development program will include formulation selection and optimization, pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. The development agreement includes exclusive global license options for the independently associated Purdue/Napp/Mundipharma network of companies upon achievement of defined milestones. Purdue Pharma (Canada) will pay Klaria a combination of upfront, milestone, success-based payments plus a royalty on sales. Further terms of the agreements give Klaria exclusive manufacturing rights to supply the global market with KL-00514. Staged, success-based payments during the development phase and registration and approval process will total approximately $2.3 million USD. Klaria will also receive income from the resulting sales of KL-00514 as a combination of royalties on sales and possible income from the exclusive supply of the product. These payments are currently estimated, as a percentage of sales, to be in the mid- to high-single digit range. Upfront and royalty amounts for other markets for KL-00514 will be agreed separately for each market. Both Purdue Pharma (Canada) and Klaria look forward to seeing the results of the development program at which time we will determine our ability to submit the product for approval with regulators in Canada. –END- About Klaria AB Klarias develops innovative products with clear competitive advantages in the therapy areas of migraine and breakthrough cancer pain. Klaria’s products are based on a patented drug delivery film which is combined with clinically-tested and established active drugs substances. Klaria is listed on Nasdaq First North under the name KLAR. FNCA Sweden is the Certified Advisor for Klaria Pharma Holding AB. The complete company description can be downloaded from www.klaria.com About Purdue Pharma (Canada) Purdue Pharma (Canada) is a research-based pharmaceutical company with its headquarters, R&D operations, and manufacturing located in Pickering, Ontario. The company is a leader in the research and development of medicines for the treatment of pain and central nervous system disorders (ADHD) and a growing pipeline of prescription and over the counter products. Privately held, Purdue Pharma (Canada) is independently associated with the worldwide Purdue/Napp/Mundipharma network of companies. For more information, please visit our website www.purdue.ca Scott Boyer Klaria AB info@klaria.com Sarah L. Robertson Pickering, ON, Canada	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28811
__label__wiki	0.741052	0.741052	why-saudi-arabia-and-israel-are-allies-in-all-but-name/ Adam Garrie Analysis, Latest, News Here’s why Saudi Arabia and Israel are allies in all but name ADAM GARRIE 8 hours ago 7 99 Israel and Saudi Arabia both seek to destroy Syria and in doing so, destroy the last bastion of secular, tolerant and modern Arab government that remains totally un-compromised in its foreign and economic policies. Those who claim that Israel is opposed to Donald Trump’s now openly warm relations with Saudi Arabia are missing the actual point. On the surface, many assume that Israel and Saudi Arabia have poor relations. Neither country has diplomatic relations with one another, one is a self-styled Jewish state while the other is a Wahhabi Sunni monarchy.But they both have the same regional goals, they both have the same enemies and both are intellectual anachronisms in a 20th century that has seen the fall of multiple monarchies, the end of traditional European colonialism and the fall of segregated regimes in Africa (Apartheid South Africa and UDI Rhodesia for example). Israel and Saudi Arabia have always been enemies of secular, Arab nationalist states and federations. Whether an Arab state is Nasserist, Ba’athist, socialist, Marxist-Leninist or in the case of Gaddafi’s Libya a practitioner of the post-Nassierist Third Political Theory: Israel and Saudi Arabia have sought to and in large part have succeeded, with western help, at destroy such states. Unlike Israel’s Apartheid military state and Saudi Arabia’s human rights free monarchy, the aforementioned Arab styles of government are worthy of the word modern. These are countries which had progressive mixed economies, had secular governments and societies, had full constitutional rights for religious and ethnic minorities, they championed women’s rights and engaged in mass literacy programmes and infrastructural projects. In the case of the Syrian Arab Republic, such things still apply. Such things still have wide appeal not just in the Arab world but universally. The very charter of the UN subtly implies that such goals are the way forward. Secular Arab governments have therefore not fallen due to their lack of popularity but they have fallen due to political and military aggression from Israel, monetary blackmail and terrorism funded from and by Saudi Arabia and a combination of all of the above from the United States and her European allies. Useful idiots in the west who claim that groups like the obscurantist and terroristic Muslim Brotherhood represent majoritarian public opinion in secular Arab states are simply worse than useful idiots: they are lying, dangerous idiots. This is why Syria is a country that Israel and Saudi Arabia are both interested in destroying. Both countries have indeed invested time and money into destroying Syria and thus far they have not been successful. Syria is the last secular Arab Ba’athist state in the world. Unlike in Israel, minorities have full constitutional rights and unlike in Saudi Arabia, all religions are tolerated. In Syria, women can act, speak and dress as they wish. Syria’s independence has in the past thwarted Israel’s ambition to annex Lebanon, Iraq, Jordan, Egypt and additional parts of Syria itself (Israel still occupies Syria’s Golan Heights). Syria has also been a true ally of the oppressed Palestinians living under Israeli occupation. Likewise, Syria has hurt Saudi Arabia and fellow backward Gulf state Qatar’s ambitions to expand their petro-empires. Qatar remains desirous to construct a pipeline running through Syria, something Qatar wants done on its terms and its terms alone. Furthermore, since Saudi Arabia has little to offer the world in terms of culture, Saudi attempts to control and colonise their more educated and worldly Levantine Arabs is done through a combination of bribery and through the use of Salafist terrorist proxies such as ISIS and al-Qaeda. There is also a psychological element to the mutual warfare which Saudi Arabia and Israel have waged on secular states like Syria. So long as Syria exists, Saudi Arabia cannot say that there is no alternative to its backward style of government in the Arab world. Of course, others like Iraq, Lebanon and Egypt are secular states (Iraq less so now than at any time since independence), but these states have been wholly compromised through war and in the case of Egypt through political malaise. Syria remains strongly independent and refuses to surrender its values. Both countries also seek to destroy Iran. Iran unlike Saudi Arabia and Israel, practices an ethical foreign policy. Far from wanting to export its Islamic Revolution, Iran has been a staunch ally to secular Syria and has been at the forefront of the fight against Salafist terrorism like ISIS and al-Qaeda. Iran has also taken a principle stance on Palestine, whilst most Arab states with the exception of Syria, have long ago given up on the Palestinian cause. Israel and Saudi Arabia have superficial differences in foreign policy, but their main goals are exactly the same. Both seek to retard the progress of the Arab world and to taint Islam as something it is not. Saudi Arabia and Israel both want non-Muslims to think of Islam as something representing bombs, female enslavement, physical mutilation and barbarity. Syria has shown the world that real Islam looks a lot like Christianity and frankly a lot more like Christianity than atheistic Europe does in 2017. Saudi Arabia and Israel are allies in the material and psychological war against secular, modern Arab countries. It is a war which the United States has been fighting on behalf of Riyadh and Tel Aviv for decades. http://theduran.com/heres-why-saudi-arabia-and-israel-are-allies-in-all-but-name/ why-saudi-arabia-and-israel-are-allies-in-all-but-...	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28812
__label__wiki	0.974962	0.974962	Charles Adams's funeral 1935 Loughborough Echo - 28th June 1935 The funeral of Mr Charles Adams, who died on Friday last, aged 78 years, took place on Monday, the service being conducted by Canon Rumsey. The principal mourners were Mrs H A Cox and Miss E Adams (daughters), Mr H Cox (son-in-law), Mrs Marrit (sister-in-law), Misses Snowdon, Mr and Mrs Hillyer, and Mr S Scattergood. The boys and girls of the senior Church of England School attended to the number of about 50, accompanied by Mr Mervyn Jones, headmaster, Miss Horspool and Miss Sutton. The Canon spoke a few words referring to the 31 years in which Mr Adams was headmaster of the village school, and of his devoted work in social and church matters, he having been Sunday school superintendent, chorister, churchwarden and lay reader. The bearers were four old pupils, Messrs C Joiner, G R Horspool, J Martin and C Hardy. Wreaths were sent by the staff and scholars of Quorn Senior and Infant Schools, the Church Room Committee, Quorn Church Sunday School, and two wreaths were sent by his old scholars. Print: View artefact in printer-friendly page	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28819
__label__wiki	0.51401	0.51401	Welcome! Sunday, January 19, 2020 \| Login \| Register CarolinaClassifieds.com A- - -H I- - -Q R- - -Z Above & Beyond in Rutherford County Arnold Shehan of Forest City, passed away at the age of 90 Arnold Shehan of Forest City, passed away at the age of 90. Mr. Shehan was the son of the late Ivie and Bernice Huntley Shehan, and the husband of the late Hazel Fite Shehan. Arnold loved his family and enjoyed playing bluegrass music. He was talented with the guitar, fiddle, and mandolin. He and his wife Hazel often enjoyed singing gospel songs together. After serving in the United States Army during the Korean War, Arnold attended Kings College. Left to cherish his memory are his children Debra Chapman; Rita Wall (Greg); Lisa Smith (Jack); and Michael Shehan (Beth); 13 grandchildren, and 8 great grandchildren. In addition to his parents Arnold was preceded in death by a daughter Vicki Jones; siblings Raleigh Shehan; Steve Shehan; and Pat Owenby; son-in-law Jimmy Chapman. Services will be held at 2:00PM on Thursday, August 29th 2019 at Bethany Baptist Church, 760 Bethany Baptist Church Rd Forest City, NC 28043 with the Rev. Chris Fox, Rev. Marvin Green, and Rev. Danny Black officiating; Burial will follow in the church cemetery with military honors provided by the Rutherford County Honor Guard. Crowe's Mortuary and Crematory is serving the family Copyright © and Trademark ™ 2007 All Rights Reserved Copyright Statement \| Privacy Statement \| Terms of Service Log In to Rutherford Weekly	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28826
__label__cc	0.694598	0.305402	Early Stage Emerging Biotech, Pharma, & Medical Device Companies Announced \| SEBIO Home » Newsroom » Early Stage Emerging Biotech, Pharma, & Medical Device Companies Announced Early Stage Emerging Biotech, Pharma, & Medical Device Companies Announced Posted by Gabrielle on Oct 23, 2019 Innovative drug therapies, advanced medical devices, diagnostics, and other cutting-edge healthcare technologies from throughout the Southeast will be showcased November 6-7 at the Southeast BIO Investor & Partnering Forum at the historic Biltmore Hotel in Coral Gables, Florida. Innovative drug therapies, advanced medical devices, diagnostics, and other cutting-edge healthcare technologies from throughout the Southeast will be showcased November 6-7 at the Southeast BIO Investor & Partnering Forum at the historic Biltmore Hotel in Coral Gables, Florida. Register today. Entrepreneurs representing the most promising early stage bioscience and medical technology companies in the region will solicit advice and seek investment during the annual life science convention sponsored by Southeast BIO, the regional nonprofit organization dedicated to fostering the growth of the southeast’s life sciences industry. The companies were picked by a selection committee of regional and national venture capitalists. Early Stage companies will participate in forty-minute individual private advisory sessions behind closed doors with teams of investors, business advisors, service providers and successful entrepreneurs Wednesday, November 6. Companies chosen for the Early Stage event are seeking their first rounds of institutional investment. The four best Early Stage companies will be selected to present to the full conference audience during the Early Stage Competition, with an overall winner announced at the lunch on Thursday, November 7. “We are excited about this year’s group of Early Stage companies. They represent the Southeast region’s scientific diversity and entrepreneurial activity,” said Doug Gooding of Knowles Intellectual Property Strategies, Early Stage Program Co-Chair, along with Mike Dial, PhD of Hatteras Venture Partners. Early Stage companies chosen to present at this year’s Forum are: Achelios Therapeutics (Chapel Hill, NC) clinical-stage specialty pharmaceutical company developing proprietary topical formulations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) molecules to treat pain and inflammation AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC (Charlottesville, VA) technology company with CRO capabilities combining genomic technologies with advanced analytics to develop the Clinical Genomic Blood Test to match patients to the best therapy in clinical trials and clinical care Ares Immunotherapy (Atlanta, GA) pre-clinical adoptive T cell therapy company based on technology discovered at the Medical University of South Carolina developing CD26+ CAR-T cells therapy specific for mesothelin for the treatment of mesothelioma and other solid tumors Azure 8 (Atlanta, GA) medical device company developing the Sonix-A8TM, a Class II medical device to prevent and control surgical site and catheter-related bacterial infections Cathaid (Augusta, GA) medical device company developing CathaidTM, a Class I medical device to better secure central venous catheters which allows real time detection of dangerous positional shifts and reduces infection DermaSensor (Miami, FL) medical device company developing a handheld wireless medical device for dermatologists that uses electron scattering microscopy combined with a proprietary algorithm to evaluate skin lesions for potential skin cancer EDP Biotech, Inc. (Knoxville, TN) ISO-certified in vitro diagnostics company focused on the commercialization of ColoPlex™, a blood-based test aimed at early detection of colorectal cancer Evren Technologies (Newberry, FL) medical device company based on technology discovered at the University of Florida that is developing the PhoenixTM, a wearable device that provides transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder IMMvention Therapeutix (Durham, NC) drug discovery start-up based on technology discovered at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill that is developing a pre-clinical pipeline of proprietary innate immunity specific therapies for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases Inquisatex Epitherapeutics (Charleston, SC) drug discovery start-up based on technology discovered at the Medical University of South Carolina developing a novel series of compounds for the treatment of Sickle Cell Disease. KeViRx (Charlottesville, VA) pre-clinical oncology company based on technology discovered at the University of Virginia and the University of Pittsburgh developing KVR-053, an allosteric PTP4A3 phosphatase small molecule inhibitor for ovarian, colorectal and breast cancers. Oracle Health (Tampa, FL) medical device company developing a Digital Health enabled Insertable Cardiac Monitor (ICM) to follow Heart Failure progression and prevent Heart Failure hospitalization Oxidien Pharmaceuticals (Gainesville, FL) clinical stage drug development company with proprietary enzyme assets to treat hyperoxaluria, a severe and debilitating condition causing renal damage, progressive chronic kidney disease, and end-stage renal failure Park Surgical Innovations (Atlanta, GA) medical device company developing the Park Surgical Graft Delivery System, a class II medical device and method for delivering a prosthetic graft for laparoscopic ventral hernia repair Plakous Therapeutics (Winston-Salem, NC) pre-clinical regenerative medicine company developing Protego-PD™, an acellular placental derived platform product for the treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and osteoarthritis (OA) Pyrefin, Inc. (Atlanta, GA) pre-clinical drug discovery company based on technology discovered at Emory University developing orally-active small molecule antagonists of the prostaglandin E2 (EP2) receptor for the treatment of pain and inflammation https://bit.ly/368rxXs	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28829
__label__wiki	0.717344	0.717344	Welcome to our Walk In Clinic at your service. Tag: 24 Hour Emergency Clinic Near Me in Mercer County Nextcare Urgent Care in Mercer County 3 Ways A 24 Hour Urgent Care Are More Effective Than Hospitals If a sudden illness or an injury strikes, you and your family need to know that when you choose to use a 24 hour medical clinic in Mercer County to treat your injuries, you are making the right choice. There are at least three ways that a 24 hour medical clinic is more effective than a traditional 24 hour emergency clinic attached to a hospital emergency room. The first is access. When you visit a clinic your average wait time (door-to-doctor) is much shorter than compared to a hospital-attached ER. A visit to a walk in clinic in Mercer County for example, has a wait time of just fifteen minutes before you are seen by a board certified physician, with access to all emergency resources and the latest facilities. Compare this to the national average of 24 emergency clinics’ wait time of 172 minutes for the “best” in the country. The urgent care facility is clearly more effective. The quality of your physician in Mercer County , and their access to emergency resources should be high on your list of medical priorities, and here, the 24-hour walk-in, beats a hospital ER. Looking at our medical clinic in Mercer County, for instance, the facility offers not only all the services of a traditional ER or clinic, but it does so with top ranked, board certified doctors who are able to successfully administer emergency services, and when needed for long-term care, admit the patient to the hospital of their choice. Urgent care’s also provide rested doctors; most hospital accidents occur when staff have been overworked on long shifts, where the professionals in 24 hour urgent care’s are well staffed and ready to respond to your care. The walk in emergency facility in Mercer County will treat you for common complaints to serious emergencies without any delay in lab results or physician diagnoses. There is no need to wait days or weeks to find out test results from overwhelmed medical labs when a 24 hour medical clinic has those resources on site and available to your doctor right away. Another advantage of the 24 hour medical clinic in Mercer County is the access to the full array of X-Ray, diagnostic CT, and ultrasound scanners to treat every patient from broken bones to complications with pregnancy. For these reasons, 24 hour medical clinics in Mercer County are decidedly more effective for immediate medical care than traditional hospital ERs. Urgent Care Center Benefits That Make It Worth It Eventually you could fall victim to a disease that does not require a trip to the emergency situation room at a hospital, yet should have much faster interest than you would certainly receive from your medical professional. In this situation, it does not make good sense to hurry to the emergency clinic or wait days or even weeks for a consultation. Rather, think about mosting likely to immediate treatment to obtain your concern addressed. Learn what a service provider near you can do.Most places specialize in treating injuries as well as health problems that are not dangerous. You can still expect to wait a bit for treatment like you would in the ER, but it is commonly not as crowded because each city typically has numerous centers. Instead than setting up camp for a number of hours in the waiting area, you can possibly expect to wait anywhere from minutes to a few hrs, which certainly beats even more emergency situation areas and also physician's offices.The features you will certainly discover at an urgent treatment center are comparable to what you would certainly find when you see a hospital or a medical professional. They can commonly provide x-rays, blood examinations, and also other diagnostic techniques. They generally also have equipments, such as an EKG, to make certain you are doing well inside. This way, you can have an ailment detected, treatment suggested, as well as have actually any questions addressed throughout your visit.If you unexpectedly have the influenza, allergic reactions, or just feel usually ill, you should head to the immediate care instead of awaiting a medical professional's visit. This way, you can get the medication you require immediately to make sure that you can take much less time off work or school. If you have a damaged or sprained bone, pest bite, or infection, you can additionally anticipate to obtain treatment at your local immediate care. Anything that does not call for a professional can typically be dealt with at such a clinic.You can also go to most urgent care centers for inoculations, screenings, and also prescriptions. Generally, anything your regular expert can do can likewise be done by this type of location. Check to ensure your insurance policy provider covers the certain place you are interested in before you go, though you should know that the majority of providers perform in reality cover therapy from a number of them. The next time you are not feeling well or have some emergency that is not lethal, consider taking a journey to the facility near you to get rapid treatment. 5 Tips for Finding The Best Urgent Care While On Vacation The New Meaning to Medical Clinics When it comes to your healthcare, you should not compromise. We all want the best and the best can only be provided if there is quick and reliable response to medical needs. In this day age, there is simply no excuse to not have on-call medical assistance 24/7. Whether it is a situation that needs urgent medical treatment or you simply want some medical advice, you must be able to get the help you need regardless of the day or the hour. Introducing Urgent Healthcare Before we can go any further, it is important that we first define what urgent health care really is. It has come to our attention that many people often confuse urgent and emergency care. Well, this doesn't come as a surprise because when a patient is in need of immediate medical attention, it is difficult to identify whether it is an urgent situation or an emergency. In medical terms, an emergency is a life threatening situation. That said, urgent healthcare may not necessarily be life threatening yet still requires immediate attention. Urgent care needs include: cold & flu, infection, nausea, rash, constipation & other none life threatening conditions. On the other hand, situations that classify as medical emergencies include: seizures, poisoning, unconsciousness, severe loss of blood, head, neck and back injuries among others. As you can see while both types of medical scenarios require immediate attention, not all can be classified as life threatening. That said, you cannot undervalue the need for urgent healthcare and more often than not hospitals will not respond fast to urgent situations because they are constantly dealing with emergency situations. This is why you need to get yourself a great on-call plan for all those urgent medical situations. Redefining Urgent Healthcare The good news is that there are great options available when it comes to urgent healthcare plans. There are various on-call plans you can go for and these go a long way in ensuring that your medical needs are met and you don't have to worry about the expenses that come with these unpredictable situations. On-call plans can help you save money on expenses such as prescription drugs and as we all know some of these are not covered by many in insurance plans. What's even better is that your urgent situation doesn't have to wait because you get 24 hour access to doctors' nationwide, evacuation assistance in case of car accidents and much more. If want to make sure that your urgent needs get the attention they deserve, you may want to consider urgent care plans offered by some of the service providers. You get to enjoy a wide array of benefits which range from on-call plans to travel savings plans. It's important to remember that urgent situations can turn into emergencies real fast. Protect yourself and your family today by enlisting in a plan that gives priority to your urgent needs. 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__label__cc	0.642535	0.357465	Institutional Policies – GMEC Assessment of educational effectiveness of programs Clinical Competency Committee Membership and Meetings Closure/Reduction of Residency Program or Sponsoring Institution (IR IV.N.) Establishment of a new ACGME–accredited program Extreme Emergent Situation and Disaster policy (IR I.V.M.) Gifts, Gratuities and Conflict of Interest-Vendor Policy (IR I.V.K) GMEC Composition and Responsibilities (IR I.B.) GMEC Program Oversight through Program Review GMEC Sub-committees and other organized groups reporting to the GMEC (IR I.B.2) Non-accredited residencies/fellowships Oversight of Non-accredited Residencies/Fellowships Non-Compete Policy (IR I.V.L.) Outside Rotations Program Director Appointment, Job Description and Responsibilities Resident Complement – ACGME Approval Resident Transfer Policy Response to ACGME Correspondence Policy Assessment of educational effectiveness of programs (annual program evaluation and program evaluation committee) GMEC approved: March 2012 GMEC updated and approved: March 2013 GMEC updated and approved: July 2014 The WSU Graduate Medical Education Committee (GMEC) is responsible for oversight of all WSU-sponsored graduate medical education programs in accordance with the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Institutional Requirements. Annual Program Evaluations (APEs) and Action Plan for Improvement for all ACGMEaccredited programs are reviewed by GMEC or its Subcommittees which present summaries and recommendations to the GMEC each year as part of the Annual Institutional Review. ACGME programs must have a Program Evaluation Committee (PEC) appointed by the program director. The PEC functions in compliance with both the common program and program-specific requirements. The goal of the PEC is to oversee curriculum development and program evaluations for its respective GME training program. Each ACGME-accredited residency program shall establish a program specific policy, describing the responsibilities, procedures and members of the program’s PEC. Each PEC must be composed of at least two program faculty members and one residents from the program (unless the program does not have any enrolled residents/fellows). Faculty members may include physicians and non-physicians from the core program or required rotations in other specialties that teach and evaluate the program’s residents/fellows. The PEC will meet at least annually even if there are no residents/fellows enrolled in the program. The PEC committee’s responsibilities are to: Plan, develop, implement and evaluate educational activities of the program Review and make recommendations for revision of competency-based curriculum goals and objectives Address areas of non-compliance with ACGME standards Review the program and document on behalf of the program the formal, systematic evaluation of the curriculum at least annually and render a written Annual Program Evaluation (APE) using the standard GME template. This Annual Program Evaluation and written Action Plan for Improvement which delineates how initiatives will be measured and monitored must be submitted to the GMEC annually through the Subcommittee for Compliance and Improvement. The PEC will be provided with confidential residents and faculty evaluation data by the program’s administrative staff to conduct their business. Data includes but it is not limited to: ACGME Program Requirements Program Goals and Objectives Program Block Diagram The Prior year’s APE and Action Plan for improvement as well as data to be used to measure progress on individual initiatives, as specified in the prior year’s AP. Summary of Faculty Development completed Summary of faculty Scholarly Activity (will also be used to update ADS) Summary of resident Scholarly Activity (will also be used to update ADS) Resident Performance Graduate performance, including board pass rates Most recent ACGME Letters of Notification, including citations ACGME and Annual GME Resident Survey Faculty Development ACGME and Annual GME Faculty Survey Resident evaluation of the Program, Rotations, Faculty Faculty Evaluation of the Program Aggregate data from general competency assessments, including In-training examination performance Case or procedure logs Compliance with policies and requirements Resident remediation and attrition Clinical Learning Environment focus areas Using the APE and Action Plan for Improvement the PEC will monitor and track each of the following: Graduate performance, including performance on certifying examination Progress in achieving goals set forth in previous year’s action plan Review recommendations from the Clinical Competency Committee. The program director is ultimately responsible for the work of the PEC. The program director must ensure the annual Action Plan for Improvement is reviewed and approved by the program’s teaching faculty. The approval must be documented in meeting minutes. The program’s annual action plan and reporton the program’s progress on initiatives from the previous year’s action plan must be sent to the GME Office annually by the specified deadline. The Subcommittee for Compliance and Improvement will review the APE material and resulting Action Plan for Improvement and will make a decision to: Accept the Action Plan for Improvement as written Request clarification and additional information Determine the need for a Special Program Review or Focused Program Review (see 2.2 GMEC Program Oversight through Program Review) This decision accompanied by the APE summary report will be presented to the GMEC. GMEC approved: July 2014 The goal of the CCC is to assess and evaluate the resident’s performance in each of the six ACGME core competencies. The committee’s purpose is to serve as an advisory board to the program director with regard to all resident issues, including, but not limited to, feedback, evaluation, curriculum organization, promotion, remediation, certification and disciplinary action. Each program is required to operate a CCC, a group comprised of three or more members of the active teaching faculty and others as appropriate (see chart below). May serve as member of CCC May attend CCC meetings, but are not members of the CCC Cannot serve or attend CCC meetings Program faculty members Other health professions (e.g. nursing, interprofessional faculty members) Chief residents who meet all of the following criteria: have completed core residency programs in their specialties, possess a faculty appointment in their program, are eligible for specialty board certification Residents and chief residents who are still in accredited years of their programs and have not completed initial residency education Each ACGME-accredited residency program shall establish a program specific policy, describing the responsibilities, procedures and members of the program’s CCC. Frequency of meetings: Meetings must be conducted at least twice annually. In many programs, meetings must be conducted more frequently. Function: The CCC is advisory to the program director. It considers all written rotational and other evaluations, and discusses any non-congruence between written evaluations and their experiences with each resident. The provision of frank verbal feedback by the CCC to the program director is an important process for determining whether the resident’s performance is accurately revealed in rotational evaluations. The committee will also prepare and report milestone evaluations for each resident that will be reported to the ACGME semi-annually as required. The CCC discussion and recommendations are communicated to the program director for feedback to the resident, and are considered equal in weight to written evaluations. The CCC must record CCC meeting minutes, which must list the names of all residents considered and all CCC members in attendance. ACGME recommendations for the CCC can be found at this website. GMEC revised: July 2011 GMEC updated & approved: November 2014 The purpose of this policy is to provide for an orderly and equitable transition when downsizing/closure of a program because of a decrease in resident enrollment, department restructuring for economic or programmatic reasons, or other reasons which may require downsizing/closure of a program or closure of the institution. In the event the Sponsoring Institution or one of its GME programs is reduced or closed, the Wayne State University School of Medicine is committed to ensuring that residents enrolled in the WSU GME-sponsored programs are provided the opportunity to complete their training through a WSU-sponsored residency program or assist them in enrolling in another accredited program in which they may continue their education. The GMEC has oversight of decisions that may result in the reduction or closing of the Sponsoring Institution or one of its GME programs. Once a decision is made, the GMEC, DIO and all affected residents in the program will be notified as soon as possible. The DIO will notify the ACGME of the decision and the proposed date of the intended action. The program director and the DIO will assist all residents in developing future training plans. The program director will prepare a transfer letter for each resident detailing their progress in core competency education, milestones and an evaluation of their overall performance. This letter will be sent to the program director accepting the resident and a copy of the letter will be placed in the resident’s educational file. The residency program will send resident files to the program accepting the resident in a timely manner. The Wayne State University School of Medicine Graduate Medical Education Committee is responsible for oversight of all graduate medical education programs in accordance with the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Institutional Requirements. All training programs in GME must seek accreditation from the ACGME if such accreditation is available. If accreditation is not available, an application for a non-accredited program must be completed (see “Applications for Non-accredited fellowships”). All requests for new training programs must be approved by the GMEC and the Residency Review Committee of the ACGME before implementation. Contact with the DIO for guidance is required 12 to 18 months before the anticipated start date for residency requests. The program director of the proposed new training program shall petition the GMEC in an application also signed by the department chair. The application to the GMEC must include: Educational rationale for the training program, including duration of training, participating institutions/facilities, faculty, program director, clinical rotations, adequacy of patient care and procedural volume to support the program Determine the impact of the new program on other training programs Develop the residents’ rotational schedule Develop the full-time equivalency budget by hospital on the rotational schedule Suggest possible sources of funding, including the department, for GME follow-up Inform the GMEC about how the program determined the number of residents per year and the total number of residents Describe the didactic structure, including at least the core curriculum educational structure, goals and objectives, and assessment tools Assure that the program director’s qualifications meet RRC guidelines Assure that adequate administrative structure and support are available Assure that key faculty members are available and that their absences from other programs do not create adverse effects Estimate resident duty hours and describe the system of monitoring duty hours Include letters of support from programs providing required rotations and from programs that could be affected The GME Office will review the application and present its report to the GMEC. The GMEC will communicate its findings and recommendations to the program director and department chair. If the GMEC finds in favor of the new program, the DIO will initiate the application in ACGME ADS. The program director will be notified by the ACGME to complete the application. Once the application is complete, the DIO has final approval before the application is submitted to the ACGME allowing reasonable time for review – minimum two weeks The opinion of the GMEC is final. The GME Office is responsible for the ACGME initial accreditation fee. All applications for new programs will be reviewed and approved by the GMEC before official application may be made to the ACGME. The DIO must review the final application before submission to the ACGME. GMEC approved: November 2007 GMEC updated and approved: September 2011 GMEC updated and approved: November 2014 To define responsibilities during emergencies including “disasters” which impact an entire community or region for an extended period of time and “extreme emergent situations” localized to one institution, a participating institution or a clinical setting. In the event of a disaster impacting the graduate medical education programs sponsored by WSU, the GMEC has established this policy to protect the well-being, safety, and educational experience of residents/fellows enrolled in our training programs. Extreme emergent situation is defined as a local event (such as a hospital-declared disaster for an epidemic) that impairs the ability of WSU to support resident education or the work environment but does not rise to the level of an ACGME-declared disaster as defined by ACGME Policies and Procedures. Disaster is defined as an event or set of events causing significant alteration to the ability of WSU to support many residency programs as defined by the ACGME policies and procedures (e.g. Hurricane Katrina). Declaration of Extreme Emergent Situation A declaration of an extreme emergent situation may be initiated by the DIO in collaboration with the hospital chief executive officer, chief operating officer, chief medical officer, affected program directors and department chairs. The first point of contact for answers to questions regarding a local emergent situation shall be the GMEC/DIO. When possible, an emergency GMEC meeting will be convened to assess the situation. Declaration of a Disaster When warranted, the ACGME chief executive officer, with consultation of the ACGME Executive Committee and the chair of the Institutional Review Committee, will make a declaration of a disaster. A notice will be posted on the ACGME website with all information relating to ACGME’s response to the disaster. Procedure for Extreme Emergent situation Once a declaration of an extreme emergent situation is declared: Administrative support for all GME programs and residents, as well as assistance for continuation of resident assignments, will be provided to all programs. Program directors of each program will meet with the DIO and other university/hospital officials to determine the clinical duties, schedules and alternate coverage arrangements for each residency program. The DIO and university/ hospital administration will keep in mind that all ACGME institutional, common and specialty-specific program requirements continue to apply in an emergent situation with regard to clinical assignments within a training program. Program directors will remain in contact with the DIO regarding plans to address the situation and additional resources as needed. ACGME guidelines for development of those plans will be implemented. Residents are, first and foremost, physicians, whether they are acting under normal circumstances or in an extreme emergent situation. Residents are expected to performaccording to their degree of competence, level of training, scope of license and context of the specific situation. Residents will not be first-line responders without consideration of the need for appropriate supervision based on the clinical situation and their level of training and competence. Residents at an advanced level of training who are fully licensed in the state of Michigan may provide patient care independent of supervision based on the rules and policies of the institution. The following will be taken into consideration regarding a resident’s involvement in an extreme emergent situation: The nature of the health care and clinical work that a resident will be expected to deliver The resident’s level of post-graduate education, specifically regarding specialty preparedness Resident safety, consideration of their level of training, associated professional judgment and the nature of the situation Board certification eligibility during or after a prolonged extreme emergent situation Reasonable expectations for duration of engagement in the situation Self-limitations according to the resident’s maturity to act under significant stress or duress for an extended period of time. The DIO will contact the ACGME IRC executive director if (and only if) the situation causes serious, extended disruption that might impair the ability of WSU to support the institution/ program ability to remain in compliance with ACGME requirements. The ACGME IRC or DIO will alert the respective Residency Review Committee. If the situation is complex, the DIO may need to submit in writing a description of the situation to the ACGME executive director. The DIO will receive electronic confirmation of the extreme emergent situation from the ACGME Emergency Disaster-IRC, which will include copies to all Emergency Disasters of Residency Review Committees. Upon receipt of this confirmation by the DIO, program directors may contact the executive directors of their respective RRCs if necessary to discuss any specialty specific concerns regarding interruptions to resident education or the effect on the educational environment. Program directors are expected to follow their institutional disaster policies regarding communication processes to update the DIO of any specialty specific issues. The DIO will have an active role in any emergent situation, ensuring the safety of patients and residents through the duration of the situation. If notice is provided to the ACGME, the DIO will notify the ACGME IRC executive director when the extreme emergent situation has been resolved. Procedure for When a Disaster is declared To maximize the likelihood that residents will be able to complete program requirements within the standard time required for certification in that specialty, the DIO will meet with each program director and appropriate university or hospital officials to determine whether transfer to another program is necessary to provide adequate educational experiences to residents and fellows. Once the decision is made that the sponsoring institution can no longer provide an adequate educational experience for residents, the sponsoring institution will, to the best of its ability, arrange for the temporary/permanent transfer of residents to programs at other sponsoring institutions until such time as the participating institution is able to resume providing the experience. (Notification of placement will be communicated to residents no less than 10 days after the declaration of the disaster.).Residents who transfer to other programs as a result of a disaster will be provided by their program directors an estimated period necessary for relocation within another program. Should that initial time estimate need to be extended, the resident will be notified by his/her program director vie written or electronic communication identifying the estimated period of the extension. It will be the intent of WSU to provide the appropriate administrative support, to the extent possible, to re-establish a permanent educational experience that meets the standards of the ACGME as quickly as possible. If this cannot be achieved within a reasonable amount of time following the disaster, WSU will take appropriate steps to arrange permanent transfers of residents to other accredited programs. If more than one program/institution is available for temporary or permanent transfer of a particular resident, the preferences of each resident must be considered. The program director and DIO are jointly responsible for maintaining ongoing communication with the GMEC throughout the placement process. The DIO will provide initial and ongoing communication to hospital officials and all affected program directors. Program directors and the DIO will determine/confirm the location of all residents, determine the means for ongoing communication and notify emergency contacts of any resident who is injured or cannot be located. The DIO will contact the ACGME Institutional Review Committee executive director within 10 days after the declaration of the disaster to discuss the due date for submission of plans for program reconfigurations and resident transfers. The ACGME website will provide phone numbers and email addresses for emergency and other communication with the ACGME from disaster-affected institutions and programs. The DIO will ensure that each program director and resident is provided with information annually about this emergency communication availability. The DIO will access information on the ACGME website to provide program directors and residents with assistance in communicating and documenting resident transfers, program reconfigurations and changing participating sites. The DIO and program director will call or email the IRC executive director with information and or requests for information. Residents will call or email the IRC executive director with information and/or requests for information if they are unable to reach their program director or DIO. In the event of a disaster affecting other sponsoring institutions of graduate medical education programs, the program leadership at Wayne State University will work collaboratively with the DIO, who will coordinate on behalf of the school of medicine the ability to accept transfer residents from other institutions. This will include the process to request complement increases with the ACGME that may be required to accept additional residents for training. Programs under a proposed or actual adverse accreditation decision by the ACGME will not be eligible to accept transfer residents. All program directors and residents must be familiar with this policy and communication plan. GMEC updated and approved: January 2015 Purpose: The purpose of the policy is to ensure that GME activities at WSU and affiliated institutions are not compromised through vendor influence, either collectively or through interactions with individual residents and fellows. This policy addresses WSU SOM GME programs and residents behavior in outside relationships with vendors in educational contexts, which may include clinical training sites. It is the policy of the WSU SOM GME that clinical decision-making, education, and research activities be free from influence created by improper financial relationships with, or gifts provided by, Industry. For purposes of this policy, “Industry ” is defined as all pharmaceutical manufacturers, and biotechnology, medical device, and hospital equipment supply industry entities and their representatives . In addition, clinicians, residents and their staff should not be the target of commercial blandishments or inducements – great or small -the costs of which are ultimately borne by our patients and the public at large. These general principles should guide all potential relationships or interactions between WSU SOM GME personnel and Industry representatives. The following specific limitations and guidelines are directed to certain specific types of interactions. For other circumstances, WSU SOM GME personnel should consult in advance with their department chairs, program directors or their senior departmental administrators to obtain further guidanceand clarification. Charitable gifts provided by industry in connection with fundraising done by or on behalf of WSU SOM GME shall be subject to other policies. Activities Included but not limited to: Gifts and Provision of Meals: WSU SOM GME personnel shall not accept or use personal gifts (including food) from representatives of Industry, regardless of the nature or dollar value of the gift. Gifts from Industry that incorporate a product or company logo on the gift (e.g., pens, notepads or office items such as clocks) introduce a commercial, marketing presence that is not appropriate to a non-profit educational and healthcare system. Meals or other hospitality funded directly by Industry may not be offered in any facility owned and operated by the WSU SOM. WSU SOM GME personnel may not accept meals or other hospitality funded by Industry, whether on-campus or off-campus, or accept complimentary tickets to sporting or other events or other hospitality from Industry. Modest meals provided incidental to attendance at an off-campus event may be accepted. Industry wishing to make charitable contributions to the WSU SOM GME may contact the WSU SOM Development Office or other charitable foundations legally organized to support other WSU SOM GME entities. Such contributions shall be subject to any applicable policies maintained by the WSU SOM and the receiving organizations. Consulting Relationships: Faculty and trainees are permitted to engage in consulting relationships with Industry about research and scientific matters. They may provide valuable advice to Industry in the service of product innovation or refinement. Examples of such legitimate activities include: Assistance in designing and overseeing clinical trials. Technical assistance in creating or improving medical devices. Advice on potential avenues for future scientific research. WSU SOM GME recognizes the obligation to make the special knowledge and intellectual competence of its faculty and residents/fellows available to government, business, labor, and civic organizations, as well as the potential value to the residents, the University, and WSU SOM. However, consulting arrangements that simply pay WSU SOM faculty and residents/fellows a guaranteed amount without any associated duties shall be considered gifts and are consequently prohibited. In order to avoid gifts disguised as consulting contracts, when WSU SOM GME faculty and residents/fellows have been engaged by Industry to provide consulting services, the consulting contract must provide specific tasks and deliverables, with payment of fair market value commensurate with the tasks assigned. The Department Chair, Program Director or Senior Departmental Administratorreserves the right to require faculty and residents/fellows to modify or terminate consulting arrangements that are not consistent with WSU SOM policies. Faculty and trainees are prohibited from engaging in consulting relationships that are solely or primarily for commercial marketing purposes. Site Access: The University and WSU SOM always reserve the right to refuse access to their facilities or to limit activities by Industry representatives consistent with their non-profit mission. However, interaction with representatives of Industry is appropriate as it relates to exchange of scientifically valid information and other data, interactions designed to enhance continuity of care for specific patients or patient populations, as well as training intended to advance healthcare and scientific investigation. Such access is restricted to their roles in providing technical assistance and education on products or medical devices. All industry representatives must have an appointment before visiting any WSU SOM office or clinic. Enforcement of this policy is the responsibility of the administrator for each site. Residents/Fellows may request a presentation by or other information from a particular company. Representatives without an appointment as outlined above are not allowed to conduct business in patient care areas (inpatient or outpatient), in practitioners’ office areas, or other areas of WSU SOM clinical facilities. While in WSU SOM facilities, all Industry representatives must be identified by name and current company affiliation in a manner determined by such department, as applicable. All Industry representatives with access to University and WSU SOM clinical facilities and personnel must comply with institutional requirements for training in ethical standards and organizational policies and procedures. On-campus vendor fairs intended to showcase Industry products may be permitted if approved by the appropriate (WSU SOM or University) departments or Deans. Such events must comply with the “no gifts” provisions of Sections 1 and 3 of this policy. In such situations, vendors would not be permitted to distribute free samples, free meals, raffle tickets, or any other gifts to attendees. Support of Continuing Education in the Health Sciences: Industry support of continuing education (“CE”) in the health sciences can provide benefit to patients by ensuring that the most current, evidence-based medical information is provided to healthcare practitioners. In order to ensure that potential for bias is minimized and that CE programs are not a guise for marketing, all CE events hosted or sponsored by the WSU SOM physicians must comply with the ACGME Standards for Commercial Support of Educational Programs (or other similarly rigorous, applicable standards required by other health professions) , whether or not CE credit is awarded for attendance at the event. All such agreements for Industry support must be negotiated through and executed by the WSU SOM Division of CME, and must comply with all policies for such agreements. Any such educational program must be open on equal terms to all interested practitioners, and may not be limited to attendees selected by the company sponsor(s). Industry funding for such programming should be usedto improve the quality of the education provided and should not be used to support hospitality, such as meals, social activities, etc. except at a modest level. Industry funding may not be accepted for social events that do not have an educational component. Industry funding may not be accepted to support the costs of internal department meetings or retreats (either on- or off-campus). WSU SOM facilities (clinical or non-clinical) may not be rented by or used for Industry funded and/or directed programs, unless there is a CE agreement for Industry support that complies with the policies of the WSU SOM Division of CME. Dedicated marketing and training programs designed solely for sales or marketing personnel supported by Industry are prohibited. Industry Sponsored Meetings or Industry Support for Off-Campus Meetings: WSU SOM GME residents/fellows may participate in or attend Industry-sponsored meetings, or other off-campus meetings where Industry support is provided, so long as: (a) the activity is designed to promote evidence-based clinical care and/or advance scientific research; (b) the financial support of Industry is prominently disclosed ; (c) attendees do not receive gifts or other compensation for attendance; (d) meals provided are modest (i.e., the value of which is comparable to the Standard Meal Allowance as specified by the United States Internal Revenue Service) and consistent with the educational or scientific purpose of the event. In addition, if a WSU SOM representative is participating as a speaker: (a) all lecture content reflects a balanced assessment of the current science and treatment options, and the speaker makes clear that the views expressed are the views of the speaker and not the WSU SOM (b) compensation is reasonable and limited to reimbursement of reasonable travel expenses and a modest honorarium. Travel sponsored by a membership based professional organization, with no commercial activity, is permitted. Industry Support for Scholarships or Fellowships or Other Support of Students, Residents, or Trainees: The WSU SOM GME programs may accept Industry support for scholarships or discretionary funds to support trainee or resident travel or non-research funding support, provided that all of the following conditions are met: Industry support for scholarships and fellowships must comply with all University or WSU SOM requirements for such funds, including the execution of an approved budget and written gift agreement through WSU SOM Development Office, and be maintained in an appropriate restricted account. Selection of recipients of scholarships or fellowships will be completely within the sole discretion of the Program Director for the residency or fellowship. Written documentation of the selection process will be maintained. Industry support for other trainee activities, including travel expenses or attendance fees at conferences, must be accompanied by an appropriate written agreement and may be accepted only into a common pool of discretionary funds, which shall bemaintained under the direction of the department administrator for the residency program. Industry may not earmark contributions to fund specific recipients or to support specific expenses. Residency programs may apply to use monies from this pool to pay for reasonable travel and tuition expenses for residents/fellows to attend conferences or training that have legitimate educational merit. Attendees must be selected by the program based upon merit and/or financial need, with documentation of the selection process provided with the request. Approval of particular requests shall be at the discretion of the program director. Authorship and Speaking: Authorship on papers by WSU SOM personnel should be consistent with the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Ethical Considerations in the Conduct and Reporting of Research: Authorship and Contributorship developed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors ( www .icmje.org). Ghostwriting (honorary authorship) is explicitly forbidden. The content of all presentations given or co-authored by WSU SOM personnel must be evidence based. All clinical recommendations must be in the best interest of patients based on evidence available at the time of the presentation. Participation on pharmaceutical industry funded speaker’s bureaus, i.e. promotional speaking concerning specific pharmaceutical products, is forbidden. Other Industry Support for Research: WSU has established policies and contract forms to permit Industry support of basic and clinical research in a manner consistent with the nonprofit mission of the University and WSU SOM. Researchers may accept, for testing purposes, samples of unique research items or drugs, produced by only one manufacturer, where no other alternatives exist. Should multiple options exist, acceptance of samples is acceptable only if received from all companies manufacturing similar products, so that a decision to purchase may be made based exclusively on the performance of the product, without preference for any given manufacturer. All products received as gifts for researchmust be disclosed and explicitly acknowledged in all pertinent documents, including publications. True philanthropic gifts from Industry may be accepted through the WSU SOM Development Office. WSU SOM personnel shall report their outside relationships with Industry using the Wayne State “Conflict of Interest Form” at least annually and more often as needed to disclose new relationships. All relevant outside relationships with industry will be made available to the public on the WSU SOM website. Suspected violations of this policy shall be referred to the individual’s program director, who shall determine what actions, if any, shall be taken. The DIO shall also be notified of suspected violationsby WSU SOM GME residents/fellows. Violations of this policy by a WSU SOM GME residents may result in the following actions (singly or in any combination), depending upon the seriousness of the violation, whether the violation is a first or repeat offense, and whether the violator knowingly violated the policy or attempted to hide the violation: Counseling of the individual involved Letter of Concern, probation or other corrective action; Banning the violator from any further outside engagements for a period of time; Requiring that the violator return any monies received from the improper outside relationship; Requiring the violator to complete additional training on conflict of interest; Any disciplinary action taken hereunder shall follow the established procedures of the WSU SOM GME. WSU SOM Policy on Conflicts of Interest and Interactions between Representatives of Certain Industries and Faculty, Staff and Students of the WSU SOM – distributed November 2014 WSU Conflict of Interest Policy http://policies.wayne.edu/administrative/08-01-conflict-ofinterest.php WSU Policy on Financial Conflict of Interest and Commitment for Researchers http://irb.wayne.edu/policies-human-research.php WSU Policy on Consulting by University Faculty and Research Personnel http://policies.wayne.edu/research/03-4-consulting.php GMEC approved: September 2013 The WSUSOM GMEC is responsible for oversight of all GME programs in accordance with ACGME institutional requirements. The GMEC establishes and implements policies regarding the quality of education and the work environment for residents/fellows in all WSUSOM GME programs, including non-accredited programs. Written minutes are maintained. Voting members or designees are required to attend 100 percent of the scheduled meetings annually (see GMEC Voting Member Attendance and Tracking) Meetings (IR I.B.3) The GMEC meets at least quarterly but is scheduled for bi-monthly meetings pursuant to an annual meeting schedule set forth at the start of each academic year by the GME Office. Other committee meetings and meeting schedules are established by the heads of those committees. Leadership and Membership (IR I.B.1.) The GMEC convenes under the leadership of a chair Voting membership includes: The DIO and GMEC chair (if different from the DIO) Minimum of two residents nominated by their peers Representative residency program directors GME administrative director GME director of Research and Education Quality and Safety officer (or designee) Administrative representative of the WSUSOM (vice dean of Education) Voting Member Designees A voting member unable to attend a GMEC meeting may appoint a designee to attend in his/her stead. The GMEC has established criteria for voting member designees: Recommended Designees Designated institutional official/GMEC chair GME administrative director Program director Associate program director, department chair or core faculty member (a physician who spends 10 hours per week on average teaching/mentoring program trainees as identified on the PIF or equivalent). Program coordinators may not serve as designees for program directors. Peer-elected residents Alternate peer-elected residents Quality and Safety officer Representative from Quality and Safety Initiative Non-voting members include: Hospital partners administration Accredited/unaccredited fellowship program directors Other GME office administration GMEC subcommittee, Task-Force and/or Council chairs Residency program coordinators Additional GMEC Members and subcommittees To carry out portions of the GMEC’s responsibilities, additional GMEC membership may include other members as may be deemed appropriate by the GMEC. These may include subcommitteesthat address required GMEC responsibilities whose membership must include peer-selected residents/fellows and whose actions must be reviewed and approved by the GMEC. GMEC Voting Member Attendance and Tracking (IR I.B.3) GMEC required voting members or their designees must attend 100% of regular bi- monthly GMEC meetings. Individual PDs must attend at least 4 of the 6 scheduled meetings (remaining 2 may be designee). Procedure for tracking attendance GMEC voting member and designee attendance is taken at each GMEC meeting via sign-in sheet. The GME Office maintains a GMEC voting member attendance tracking sheet for each academic year (July to June). The GMEC voting member attendance tracking sheet tracks the year-to-date attendance and compliance rates for individual voting members. GMEC attendance is reported annually to the WSUSOM dean and the governing body of the institution as part of the Annual Institutional Review. GMEC Responsibilities (IR I.B.4.) Responsibilities of the GMEC include: Oversight of: The ACGME accreditation status of the sponsoring institution and its ACGME-accredited programs The quality of the GME learning and working environment within the sponsoring institution, its ACGME-accredited programs and its participating sites The quality of educational experiences in each ACGME-accredited program that lead to measurable achievement of educational outcomes as identified in the ACGME common and specialty/subspecialty-specific program requirements The ACGME-accredited programs’ annual evaluation and improvement activities All processes related to reductions and closings of individual ACGME-accredited programs, major participating sites and the sponsoring institution The GMEC must demonstrate effective oversight of underperforming programs through a special review process (see GMEC Program Oversight through program review) Review and approval of: Institutional GME policies and procedures Annual recommendations to the sponsoring institution’s administration regarding residents stipends and benefits Applications for ACGME accreditation of new programs Requests for permanent changes in residents complement Major changes in ACGME-accredited programs’ structure or duration of education Additions and deletions of ACGME-accredited programs’ participating sites Appointment of new program directors Progress reports requested by a review committee Responses to clinical learning environment review reports Requests for exceptions to duty hour requirements Voluntary withdrawal of ACGME program accreditation Requests for appeal of an adverse action by a review committee Appeal presentations to an ACGME appeals panel. Annual Institutional Review (AIR) The GMEC must demonstrate effective oversight of the sponsoring institution’s accreditation through an annual institutional review. The GMEC must identify institutional performance indicators for the AIR that includes: Results of the most recent institutional self-study visit Results of ACGME surveys of residents/fellows and core faculty Notification of ACGME-accredited programs’ accreditation status and self-study visits Reports from the Subcommittee for Compliance and Improvement. The AIR must include monitoring procedures for action plans resulting from the review. The DIO must submit a written annual executive summary of the AIR to the governing body. The GMEC is responsible for oversight of all graduate medical education programs in accordance with the ACGME. This oversight will consist of program reviews dependent on program performance. Standard Program Reviews Periodic Program Reviews These reviews will be conducted at the mid-point of a program’s ACGME accreditation period Pre-Self Study Review These reviews will be conducted two years prior to a program’s projected self-study date. Mock Self-Study These reviews will be done at some point immediately prior to the scheduled self-study date. Corrective Program Reviews Special reviews (IR I.B.6) The GMEC conducts special reviews of all underperforming accredited residency and fellowship programs. Criteria for identifying underperformance One or more of the following criteria that deviates from expected results may result in the scheduling of a Special Review: Adverse ACGME Accreditation Status, e.g. accreditation with warning, probationary accreditation, withdrawal of accreditation, reduction in complement Unfavorable annual communication from ACGME (LON), e.g. new citations, new concerning trends, extended citations Resident or Faculty complaint to the ACGME Resident or Faculty complaint to the GME office Program attrition – Faculty and/or Resident Deficiencies in scholarly activity Board pass rate not meeting the ACGME specialty RRC required rate Clinical experience deficiencies (patient or procedural logs – quantity and/or quality) Resident annual ACGME survey (negative trends/non-compliance) Resident annual GME survey (negative trends/non-compliance) Faculty annual ACGME survey (negative trends/non-compliance) Faculty annual GME survey (negative trends/non-compliance) Milestones and competencies – negative trends Concerns from APE Other indicators at the discretion of the DIO and GMEC A program’s inability to demonstrate success in any of the following focus areas: Integration of residents/fellows into institution’s patient safety programs, program attrition Integration of residents/fellows into institution’s quality improvement programs and efforts to reduce disparities in health care delivery Establishment and implementation of supervision policies Transitions in care Duty hours policy and/or fatigue management and mitigation Education and monitoring of professionalism The special review process results in a report that describes the quality improvement goals, the corrective actions, and the process for GMEC monitoring of outcomes. When a residency/fellowship program is deemed to have met the established criteria for designation as an underperforming program, the DIO/chair of the GMEC shall schedule a special review. Special reviews shall occur within 90 days of a program’s designation as “underperforming.” Special Review Panel Each special review shall be conducted by a panel including at least one member of the GMEC, who shall serve as chair of the panel; one additional GMEC member and one residents. Additionalreviewers may be included on the panel as determined by the DIO/GMEC. Panel members shall be from within the sponsoring institution but shall not be from the program being reviewed or, if applicable, from its affiliated subspecialty programs. Preparation for the Special Review The chair of the special review panel, in consultation with the DIO/GMEC and/or other persons as appropriate, shall identify the specific concerns to be reviewed as part of the special review process. Concerns may range from those that broadly encompass the entire operation of the program to single, specific areas of interest. Based on identified concerns, the program being reviewed may be asked to submit documentation before the special review that will help the panel gain clarity in its understanding of the identified concerns. The Special Review Materials and data to be used in the review process shall include: The ACGME common, specialty/subspecialty-specific program and institutional requirements in effect at the time of the review Accreditation letters of notification from the most recent ACGME reviews and progress reports sent to the respective RRC Reports from previous internal reviews of the program (if applicable) Previous annual program evaluations Results from internal or external resident surveys, if available Any other materials the special review panel considers necessary and appropriate. The special review panel will conduct interviews with the program director, key faculty members, at least one resident from each level of training in the program and other individuals deemed appropriate by the committee. Special Review Report The special review panel shall submit a written report to the DIO and GMEC that includes, at a minimum, a description of the review process and the findings and recommendations of the panel. These shall include a description of the quality improvement goals, any corrective actions designed to address the identified concerns and the process for GMEC monitoring of outcomes. The GMEC may, at its discretion, choose to modify the special review report before accepting a final version. Monitoring of Outcomes The DIO and GMEC shall monitor outcomes of the special review process, including actions taken by the program and/or by the institution with special attention to areas of GMEC oversight. Focused Reviews Focused reviews may be done at the discretion of the GMEC and may involve one or more criteria of an underperforming program but may not trigger a Special Review. GMEC updated and approved: May 2015 To carry out portions of the GMEC’s responsibilities, subcommittees whose membership is approved by the GMEC may be formed. Subcommittees that address required GMEC responsibilities must include a peer-selected residents. Subcommittee actions that address required GMEC responsibilities must be reviewed and approved by the GMEC. Subcommittee for Compliance and Improvement Under the direction of GMEC, the Subcommittee for Compliance and Improvement establishes and implements policies and procedures regarding the quality of education and the work environment for all residents/fellows in the ACGME- and non-ACGME-sponsored programs. The Compliance and Improvement Subcommittee creates formal written policies and procedures governing residents duty hours that correlate with the institutional and program requirements. The Compliance and Improvement Subcommittee also helps establish formal written policies for selection, evaluation, promotion and dismissal of residents/fellows in compliance with the institutional and program requirements. The Compliance and Improvement Subcommittee creates and revises these policies. The chair or designee presents the recommendations of the subcommittee to the GMEC for review and implementation. Selected program directors or their designees are members of this subcommittee. The resident representative is the president of the Resident Council – WSU or designee. Attendance at the Compliance and Improvement Subcommittee meetings follows the criteria set forth in the GMEC Composition and Responsibilities policy under GMEC Voting Member Attendance and Tracking (IR I.B.3) The subcommittee is responsible for reviewing each residency program’s Annual Program Evaluation and resulting Action Plan to monitor program compliance to all institutional, common and program-specific ACGME requirements. The subcommittee will then make recommendations to the GMEC to approve the program’s action plan, ask for clarification and additional information or recommend a special review or other program reviews (see� 2.2.7 GMEC Program Oversight through program reviews) Councils, Task Force or other groups may be formed as needed to assist in the performance of the GMEC. Program Coordinator Council The Program Coordinator Council is a permanent group that establishes and implements processes that will be implemented in the administration of the residency programs. The subcommittee will be responsible for the development and training of program coordinators. Resident Council –Wayne State University (IR II.C) The Resident Council – WSU –Wayne State University is a forum for residents to communicate and exchange information with each other relevant to their ACGME-accredited programs and their learning and working environment. The RC-WSU –WSU meets bimonthly and is comprised ofpeer-elected residents from each program. All residents are welcome to attend these meetings and have the opportunity to raise a concern to the council. The council serves as an integral line of communication between residents, faculty and staff. WSU GME is committed to advocating the highest quality of education and patient care experiences to all residents in an atmosphere of safety, mutual respect and teamwork. The RC-WSU is a venue in which residents can organize events and bring issues and concerns in a non-threatening and confidential manner to the GME Office and the GMEC. Representatives share ideas and educational experiences to further professional development and increase the quality of medical practice. The council president is a member of the GMEC and he or his designee presents information from RCWSU meetings to the GMEC. The president or designee is also a member of the GMEC Subcommittee for Compliance and Improvement (see “GMEC Sub-committees and other organized groups reporting to the GMEC (IR I.B.2)”). Procedure for RC elections At March GMEC, GME is to reiterate the institutional purpose of the RC-WSU and call for programs to conduct the election detailed below. Ideal representatives are residents who desire to improve resident education through active participation in the RC-WSU. Departmental Elections Each program with resident representation will hold its own election for one primary delegate, and at least one alternate delegate, who will be eligible to vote, hold office as a program representative within the WSU SOM GME Resident Council. These elections should be held prior to May 1. In absence of a majority vote, primary delegate may be appointed from the pool of nominees (PGY2 or greater, with the exception of TY) at the discretion of the program director. Terms: RC-WSU membership is for one year and residents can seek additional terms. In order to be eligible for the executive committee, candidates must have served as a general member for at least one academic year. Executive Committee Elections: President (carries out agenda items with VP), Vice President (assemble agenda), and Communications Officer (compiles and disseminates minutes): Eligibility for Nomination: Any resident may run for any position on the Executive Committee provided they are a member in good standing. Nominations will be called for at the March Resident Council meeting and can be self or peer nomination. Each nominee will provide a statement of interest to the GME office liaison that addresses their qualifications and prospective RC-WSU goals for the coming academic year. Nominees may campaign between the March meeting and the May meeting. Candidates for any executive position must have at least 50% attendance at Resident Council – WSU meetings throughout the academic year in which the elections take place. The Board must approve exceptions. Nominees should be familiar with the resident council purpose. Timing of elections: Elections will occur at the May Resident Council Meeting, permitting a change of leadership by the July meeting. Election process: Elections of officers shall occur by balloting among members in good standing. The date and time of the election will be distributed to all residents two weeks prior to the election. A majority vote is required to attain office. Run-off elections will be held if no candidate receives a majority vote. In the event that there are no nominations for an elected position, a special meeting of the Executive Board shall be called and the position filled via appointment. Residency/Fellowship programs conducted by academic departments in advanced subspecialty disciplines for which there is no Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accreditation or American Board of Medical Specialties member board certification or new fellowships that will be applying for ACGME accreditation at a future date are considered unaccredited residency/fellowships. Non-accredited residencies/fellowships will be conducted directly by the responsible academic department, but subject to GMEC oversight. Non-accredited GME programs shall be a minimum of 12 months in length. The guiding principle for establishing a non-accredited GME residency/ fellowship programs must be that such a program shall provide an educational experience of comparable quality to other medical education programs while in no way interfering with, or detracting from, the training of residents and fellows in other sponsored GME programs. Matters pertaining to the selection of trainees, and disciplinary and grievance processes, shall be the responsibility of the academic department, according to all applicable standards. Residents/Fellows in non-accredited programs will receive stipends and benefits corresponding to the schedule established by the GMEC for all residents/fellows. Residents/Fellows in non-accredited programs will be processed and credentialed by the GME Office in accordance with the same policies and procedures that apply to fellows in accredited programs. For existing non-accredited programs, the GMEC must review and approve all changes in training complement, major changes in program length or structure, and the appointment of new program directors. The program director of the proposed new training program must petition the GME Committee in an application also signed by the chair of the department. The application to the GME Committee must: Establish the clinical need for the program at local, regional and national levels Develop the residents’/fellows’ rotational schedule Develop the FTE budget by hospital on the rotational schedule Inform the GME Committee how the program determined the number of residents/fellows per year and the total number of residents/fellows Describe the didactic structure, including the core curriculum educational structure, goals and objectives, and assessment tools Assure that the program director’s qualifications meet the required guidelines Assure that an adequate administrative structure and support are available Estimate residents duty hours and describe the system of monitoring duty hours include letters of support from programs providing required rotations and from programs that could be affected. The GME Office will review the application and present its report to the GME Committee. The GMEC will communicate its findings and recommendations to the program director and the chair of the department. The opinion of the GMEC is final. The Wayne State University School of Medicine Graduate Medical Education Committee is responsible for oversight of all graduate medical education programs in accordance with the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Institutional Requirements. Additionally, the GMEC has responsibility for oversight of non-accredited residency/fellowship programs. The GMEC provides oversight of non-accredited graduate medical education programs by: Reviewing and approving proposals for new programs Approving appointments of new program directors Approving requests for changes in fellow complement Approving requests for major changes in program structure or length of training Approving requests for increases or any change to fellow duty hours Reviewing non-accredited program annual evaluations and action plans. Non-accredited residency/fellowship programs must adhere to WSUSOM Graduate Medical Education Policies and ACGME Common Program Requirements. Program Personnel and Resources Program director: There must be a single program director with authority and accountability for the operation of the program. Qualifications of the program director must include: Requisite specialty expertise acceptable to the GMEC and current certification in the specialty by the specialty board or specialty qualifications that are acceptable to the GMEC. The program director must coordinate training with the core program director, if one exists. Programs which exist in departments with ACGME-accredited residencies need cooperation between program director to avoid training conflicts and to ensure compliance with medical education policies as defined by the GMEC. As such, the two program directors must work together to coordinate and optimize resident and fellow experiences. The program director is responsible for all communications with the GMEC, including submitting requests for required approvals and an annual evaluation and action plan. Faculty: There must be a sufficient number of faculty members with documented qualifications to instruct and supervise all fellows. The faculty must devote sufficient time to the educational program to fulfill their supervisory and teaching responsibilities, and demonstrate a strong interest in the education of fellows. Other Program Personnel: The program must jointly ensure the availability of all necessary professional, technical and clerical personnel for the effective administration of the program. Resources: The program must ensure the availability of adequate resources for residents education. This includes administrative support for maintaining files for verification of training, evaluation and duty hour requirements. If applicable, all funding agreements must be approved and processed through the WSU SOM GME office. Residents Eligibility and Appointments The program director may not appoint more residents/fellows than approved by the GMEC. The program’s educational resources must be adequate to support the number of residents/fellows appointed to the program. The prospective residents must meet the criteria for appointment as spelled out in the Recruitment, Selection, Non-Discrimination and Appointment Policy. In addition to the criteria for appointment a prospective fellow must have successfully completed an ACGME-accredited core specialty program or meet other eligibility requirements as specified by the Review Committee or other accrediting body. Letters of offer must be signed by the program director. The appointment of the residents will be made by contracts issued by the WSU SOM Graduate Medical Education office. The curriculum and educational components must be documented. It is strongly suggested that the programs integrate the ACGME core competencies into the curriculum: Patient Care: Residents/Fellows must be able to provide patient care that is compassionate, appropriate and effective for the treatment of health problems and the promotion of health. Medical Knowledge: Residents/Fellows must demonstrate knowledge of established and evolving biomedical, clinical, epidemiological and social-behavioral sciences, as well as the application of this knowledge to patient care. Practice-based Learning and Improvement: Residents/Fellows are expected to develop skills and habits to be able to (1) systematically analyze practice using quality improvement methods and implement changes with the goal of practice improvement; and (2) locate, appraise and assimilate evidence from scientific studies related to their patients’ health problems. Interpersonal and Communication Skills: Residents/Fellows must demonstrate interpersonal and communication skills that result in the effective exchange of information and collaboration with patients, their families and health professionals. Professionalism: Residents/Fellows must demonstrate a commitment to carrying out professional responsibilities and an adherence to ethical principles. Systems-based Practice: Residents/Fellows must demonstrate an awareness of and responsiveness to the larger context and system of health care, as well as the ability to call effectively on other resources in the system to provide optimal health care. Scholarly Activities: Residents/Fellows must demonstrate scholarly activity during their training period. Residents/Fellow Formative Evaluation: The faculty must evaluate fellow performance in a timely manner, following the end of the rotation. For longitudinal rotations, evaluation must occur at a minimum twice a year. The fellowship program director must provide each fellow with documented evaluation and formative feedback at least twice a year. Evaluations must be available for review by the fellow. It is strongly suggested that fellowship program director provide objective assessments of competency in the six ACGME competencies. Residents/Fellow Summative Evaluation: The fellowship program director must provide a summative letter of completion upon successful completion of the program. This evaluation must become part of the fellow’s permanent record maintained by the institution. This evaluation must document the fellow’s performance during the fellow’s education and verify successful completion of the program. Faculty Evaluation: At least annually, the program must document evaluation of faculty performance as it relates to the educational program. If there are less than three residents/fellows per year, then it is advised to pool faculty evaluation results (e.g., every two to three years before presentation to faculty to preserve anonymity of the residents/fellows evaluating the faculty). Program Evaluation and Improvement: The program must document evaluation of the program at least annually. These evaluations must include at a minimum an evaluation of the program by the residents/fellow. The Annual Program Evaluation template, as defined by the GME office, must be completed and returned to the GME office annually by a specified date. Performance Requirements Residents/fellows in non-accredited programs are subject to the same performance requirements as other WSU SOM residents/fellows. Continuation in the program, promotion to the next level of the program, and graduation from the program are contingent upon successful completion of program requirements and approval from the program faculty and program director. Pursuant to ACGME institutional requirements, Wayne State University, the sponsoring institution or any of its ACGME accredited programs will not require residents or fellows to sign a noncompetition guarantee or restrictive covenant in return for fulfilling their educational obligations. To define the conditions under which rotations outside of WSU SOM and its hospital partner sites are included in the WSU SOM GME ACGME accredited residency programs. WSU SOM GME and all of its ACGME accredited residency programs aim to provide a full graduate medical education program for all residents. While WSU SOM GME is able to meet most educational requirements, it may be necessary for residents to complete a clinical rotation at a hospital or medical facility outside the system if a specific, accreditation-required clinical experience or a patient population is not available within the system (required rotation). There may also be circumstances when a resident may desire a specific clinical experience outside the system which is not required (elective rotation). Required Rotations WSU SOM GME is responsible for ensuring that residents are provided the opportunity to meet all accreditation requirements. The Program Director is responsible for: Investigating and making arrangements for required outside rotations; If professional liability insurance is not provided by the institution where the outsiderotation is planned, the Program Director may request the rotation be added to the WSU SOM GME Professional Liability policy to cover the resident during the required outside rotation; Completing the Residency Program Rotation Request Form and Obtaining formal approval from the GMEC at least 90 days in advance of the start of the rotation; Developing the Program Letter of Agreement, which must specify which institution is providing professional liability coverage, obtaining all required signatures and submitting to the GME office at least 30 days in advance; and Providing program funding of costs associated with the required rotation. Elective Rotations Elective outside rotations must have the appropriate educational rationale. Department Chairs must agree to absorb resident salary and benefit costs in their department budget for the period away on the elective outside rotation. Six months in advance of the elective rotation, the resident is responsible for completing the following: Investigating and making all arrangements for elective outside rotations; Completing the WSU Residency Program Outside Rotation Request Form – including the educational rationale, obtaining approval of the Program Director, Chair of the Department and the GMEC; Obtaining adequate professional liability insurance from the institution where the rotation is planned or from an independent source (inquire at the GME office); WSU SOM GME does not provide coverage for elective outside rotations; this is specified and must be acknowledged on the Outside Rotation Form Completing the visiting resident application supplied by the institution where the rotation is planned including all required documentation – i.e. licenses, graduation documentation, and immunization records Obtaining all required approvals/signatures on the Outside Rotation Form and submitting to both institutions; All costs associated with the elective rotation International Elective Rotations International elective rotations are discouraged however, with the appropriate educational rationale, they may be approved. In addition to the above requirements for an outside elective rotation, residents requesting an international rotation must also provide: If appropriate, ACGME specialty RRC approval of completion of the international outside elective. Specialty Board approval of the completion of the international outside elective. Documentation of health insurance and professional liability coverage while out of the country. Additional Requirements for Foreign Nationals: Foreign nationals in some visa statuses who are seeking to participate in outside rotations may be subject to certain restrictions. Foreign nationals with an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) are eligible to participate in outside rotations without restriction, consistent with the guidelines above. Foreign nationals with J-1 status are eligible to participate in outside rotations, if coordinated with ECFMG. If a J-1 house officer’s outside rotation will be outside the Detroit metro area, the Program Director prepares and faxes a letter to ECFMG indicating the name of the physician, the name and address of the institution where the rotation will take place, and the planned duration of the outside rotation. ECFMG will document the outside rotation in the J-1 house officer’s SEVIS database record. If a J-1 house officer’s outside rotation is within the Detroit metro area, the Program Director notifies ECFMG if the outside rotation was not in the training plan. Foreign nationals with H-1B status may require additional/amended immigration filings with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and/or the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) if the requested rotation site was not specifically listed in the individual’s initial H-1B application. All applications for rotations outside of WSU SOM and its hospital partner sites will be reviewed and approved by the GMEC to ensure compliance with this policy. GMEC revised and approved: March 2015 For each residency and fellowship program accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), there must be a single program director with authority and accountability for the operation of the program as outlined in the ACGME Common Program Requirements (CPR) (CPR II.A.1.). Program directors are expected to continue in their positions for a length of time adequate to maintain continuity of leadership and program stability (CPR II.A.2.). It is the responsibility of Wayne State University School of Medicine (WSUSOM), as the sponsoring institution, to ensure that program directors of Wayne State University (WSU) programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) have sufficient protectedtime and financial support for their educational and administrative responsibilities to the program (CPR I.A.). It is also the responsibility of the Designated Institutional Official (DIO) and the GME Committee (GMEC) to ensure that any new program director meets the required qualifications for this role. To ensure successful transitions in program directors, a collaborative process is thus required between department chairs, the Designated Institutional Official (DIO) and the GMEC. The purpose of Graduate Medical Education (GME) is to provide an organized educational program with guidance and supervision of the residents, facilitating the resident’s/fellow’s ethical, professional and personal development while ensuring safe and appropriate care for patients. The program director has the authority and accountability for the organization and implementation of these objectives for his/her program. The program director is responsible to the Chair of the Department, the Designated Institutional Official, and the GMEC for the overall conduct of the program in accordance with the program requirements of its ACGME Specialty Specific Residency Review Committee (RRC). In order to assure the maintenance of the quality of each ACGME accredited residency program the WSU GMEC must approve the appointment of program directors. To appoint a new program director to an existing program, or to appoint a program director to a program applying for ACGME accreditation, the Department Chair proposes the change or appointment. This proposal is brought to the WSU GMEC for review and must be approved prior to submission of request to the ACGME. Support for the appointment by faculty and trainees should be obtained prior to submission to the WSU GMEC. Qualifications of the Program Director The minimum qualifications a program director must possess are: Requisite specialty expertise and documented educational and administrative experience acceptable to the Review Committee; Current certification by one’s American Board of Medical Specialty, or specialty qualifications that are acceptable to the Review Committee; Current medical licensure and appropriate medical staff appointment; d) A demonstration of active involvement in clinical practice, continuing medical education, and local, regional and national professional organizations and scientific societies; and commitment to self-assessment and improvement in areas of scholarship, administration, and education. An establishment and maintenance of environment of inquiry and scholarship for self, faculty and residents (including the scholarship of discovery, integration, application, and education); promoting education of residents as teachers and life-long learners. A commitment to developing a clinical learning environment with focus on quality improvement and safety, interdisciplinary teamwork, transitions of care and supervision, duty hours and fatigue management, and professionalism. Duties and Responsibilities for Program Administration and Accreditation The program director must administer and maintain an educational environment conducive to educating the residents in each of the ACGME competency areas. The program director must: be familiar and comply with the ACGME’s institutional, common and program-specific requirements as outlined at: www.acgme.org; oversee and ensure the quality of didactic and clinical education in all sites that participate in the program; approve a local director at each participating site who is accountable for resident education; approve the selection of program faculty as appropriate; evaluate program faculty and identify faculty development needs; approve the continued participation of program faculty based on evaluation; monitor resident supervision at all participating sites; ensure the supervision of residents through explicit written guidelines of supervisory lines of responsibility for the care of patients; prepare and submit all information required and requested by the ACGME. This includes but is not limited to the program application forms and annual program updates to the ADS, and ensure that the information submitted is accurate and complete. ensure compliance with grievance and due process procedures as set forth in the Institutional Requirements and implemented by the sponsoring institution; provide verification of residency education for all residents, including those who leave the program prior to completion; provide a final evaluation for each resident who completes the program, including a review of the resident’s performance during the final period of education and verifying that the resident has demonstrated sufficient professional ability to practice competently and independently; implement policies and procedures consistent with the institutional and program requirements for resident duty hours and the working environment, including moonlighting, and, to that end, must: distribute these policies and procedures to the residents and faculty; monitor resident duty hours, according to sponsoring institutional policies, with a frequency sufficient to ensure compliance with ACGME requirements; adjust schedules as necessary to mitigate excessive service demands and/or fatigue; and, if applicable, monitor the demands of at-home call and adjust schedules as necessary to mitigate excessive service demands and/or fatigue. monitor the need for and ensure the provision of back up support systems when patient care responsibilities are unusually difficult or prolonged; comply with the sponsoring institution’s written policies and procedures, including those specified in the Institutional Requirements, for selection, evaluation and promotion of residents, disciplinary action, and supervision of residents; be familiar with and comply with ACGME and Review Committee policies and procedures as outlined in the ACGME Manual of Policies and Procedures; obtain review and approval of the sponsoring institution’s GMEC/DIO before submitting information or requests to the ACGME, including: all applications for ACGME accreditation of new programs; changes in resident complement; major changes in program structure or length of training; progress reports requested by the Review Committee; responses to all proposed adverse actions; requests for increases or any change to resident duty hours; voluntary withdrawals of ACGME-accredited programs; requests for appeal of an adverse action; appeal presentations to a Board of Appeal or the ACGME; and, proposals to ACGME for approval of innovative educational approaches. obtain DIO review and co-signature on all program application forms, as well as any correspondence or document submitted to the ACGME that addresses program citations, and/or, request for changes in the program that would have significant impact, including financial, on the program or institution; prepare and submit all information and documentation required and requested by the GME Office and or GMEC in an accurate, complete, and timely manner (e.g. Annual Program Evaluations, Responses to citations and ACGME surveys with action plans, Semi-Annual Resident Reviews, CCC minutes); ensure compliance with the ACGME annual surveys and the GME annual program survey by faculty and residents; maintain an accurate and current documentation of core faculty, residents, schedules, duty hours, evaluations, etc. on the residency management system (i.e. New Innovations); establish and maintain a standing Clinical Competency Committee with minutes of all meetings; provide each resident with documented semiannual competency-based evaluation, according to specialty-specific milestones, providing the evaluation in person, in the resident management system and in ACGME’s ADS, as required; ensure at least an annual review of the educational effectiveness of the program via a formal documented meeting with development of an action plan through the Annual Program Evaluation; maintain active relationships with other educational/professional/regulatory organizations, like the NRMP, Specialty’s National Program Directors Organization, Specialty’s National Professional Society, Specialty’s ABMS Board, AMA (including providing annual update to the AMA FREIDA on-line listing of programs), AAMC (including providing annual update to its National Graduate Medical Education Census), State Board of Medicine, and others. Program Director Time Commitment Per the ACGME Institutional Requirements, the Sponsoring Institution, in collaboration with each ACGME-accredited program, must ensure that: (II.B.1) program directors have sufficient financial support and protected time to effectively carry out their educational, administrative, and leadershipresponsibilities as described in the Institutional, Common, and specialty/subspecialty-specific Program Requirements. The program director must be provided the equivalent of at least one day a week protected time in order to fulfill the responsibilities inherent in meeting the educational goals of the program, or the amount of time required by the specialty’s respective RRC, whichever is greater. The time commitment shall be reported through the Faculty Activities Logging System (FALS). Every program must have representation at 100% of the WSU GMEC meetings. Program directors represent their programs as voting members of the GMEC. The program director must personally attend at least 4 of the 6 annual GMEC meetings, he/she may delegate the remaining meetings to a voting designee (acceptable alternates are Associate Program Director or Chair), if needed. Program director needs to attend the majority of the GMEC Subcommittee for Compliance and Improvement meetings, and appoint program representation to the other GME task forces and subcommittees, as requested. Procedure for Requesting a change in Program Director To initiate a program director change or appointment request, the Chair submits to the GME Office the proposed program director’s CV with a letter of request verifying the following information: The program director will administer and maintain an educational environment conducive to educating trainees in each of the ACGME competency areas (CPR II.A.4.). Further, the program director has been delegated responsibility for and agrees to carry out the program director responsibilities as described in the Common Program Requirements II.A.4.a) – II.A.4.o).(2) The program director has been provided a written job description detailing the responsibilities of this position The program director meets the following qualification requirements: Requisite specialty expertise and documented educational and administrative experience acceptable to the relevant Review Committee, (II.A.3.a) Current certification in the specialty by a primary medical specialty board or specialty qualifications that are acceptable to the relevant Review Committee, (II.A.3.b) Current medical licensure and appropriate medical staff appointment, II.A.3.c) and d. Other documented qualifications as required by the relevant Review Committee, if applicable (e.g., based at the primary training site). The amount of protected time, defined by full time equivalent (FTE), that will be made available to the program director in order to support his/her educational and administrative responsibilities to the program. It is expected that this time will be partially utilized to participate in professional development activities including the New Program Director Orientation meeting with the DIO If approved by the GMEC, the GME Office will initiate a Program Director Change Request in the Accreditation Data System (ADS) no more than 60 days prior to appointment date. Oncethis change has been initiated, an email will be sent to the new program director identified on the change request form with instructions on how to complete the request. The email will include instructions to log into the ADS and will provide a username and password. The new program director will then be required to login and complete his/her professional information and an abbreviated CV, which will then be forwarded to the ACGME for approval. For some specialties, after this information is complete and submitted, the new program director will automatically be posted in ADS. For others, the request appears as “in progress”. Upon approval, the Review Committee will send a welcome letter to the program director. If the program director does not meet Review Committee requirements, the Review Committee will notify the program director and the DIO Annual Program Evaluation Special Review of the Program ACGME Annual Resident Survey ACGME Annual Faculty Survey Annual GME resident evaluation of the program Annual GME faculty evaluation of the program To ensure that all WSU SOM ACGME accredited residency programs adhere to the ACGME requirement that all ACGME accredited residency programs do not exceed their approved complement of residents and to provide programs with the requirements for applying for an approved increase in complement. In order to comply with the ACGME requirement that the number of approved residents does not exceed the number of active residents, the Graduate Medical Education Committee (GMEC) will review the status of each program on an annual basis during review of the residency program’s submission in the ACGME’s Accreditation Data System and through review of the program’s Annual Program Evaluation. Programs with more approved residents than active residents must submit an explanation to DIO and the GMEC. In the unexpected event that the number of residents exceeds the number of approved residents, the program must apply for a complement increase through the ACGME. Requirements for application for complement increase ACGME Review Committees require prospective approval for increase in residents complement. The financial costs of residents positions are borne by participating sites, and an appropriate prospective review must direct the planning process. In addition, timing is important – the participating sites have individual financial years, and timing of the request should align with the appropriate interval for its consideration. Programs must hold a status of Continued Accreditation to be considered for a complement increase. Programs with statuses of Continued Accreditation with Warning, Initial Accreditation, Initial Accreditation with Warning, or Probationary Accreditation are not eligible for an increase. Per ACGME Policy the RRC will consider requests for a change in complement between full reviews through the Accreditation Data System (ADS) mechanism. Consideration for approval will be given to programs with: An accreditation status that is not on warning/probation No serious duty hour violations Reasonable compliance on the most recent Resident Survey Adequate faculty, facilities, patients A sound educational rationale A stable administrative structure and program leadership An application for increasing the complement of a program must be completed and approved by the GMEC . This application must include an educational rationale for this change in the resident complement and must also include financial support for the increase. The educational rationale for an increase in resident complement need not be an educational innovation or change in program structure. For programs in good standing that can demonstrate that they have adequate resources (patients, faculty, facilities, and funding), the Committee will consider “the desire and ability to educate an increased number of residents” as an adequate educational rationale. However, the Review Committee will carefully consider how the complement increase will affect the residency program. Any request for an increase in complement that is received within a year of an anticipated full review with site visit will be approved on a temporary basis until the full review can be completed. A decision on a permanent increase will be made at the time of the full review. Permanent and temporary increases in resident complement require prior approval of the designated institutional official (DIO), and must be submitted to the Review Committee through the Accreditation Data System (ADS) for prior approval. Program identifies need to apply for complement increase – temporary or permanent. Program director completes WSU Complement Increase Application – including educational rationale and financial consideration Program director submits application to the GMEC for approval to proceed with application 4. Once the GMEC approves the application the program director will officially initiate an application for a change in the approved complement ACGME ADS by selecting “Complement Change” from the right panel under the “Program” tab. The application will be sent electronically to the DIO for approval – the application will not go forward without DIO approval After the DIO has approved the request, the materials submitted in ADS are forwarded to the Review Committee for a final decision. Once the complement increase is approved the program may proceed with recruiting to fill the new position ACGME accredited program resident complement numbers will be reviewed by the GMEC during the Annual Program Evaluation and review of the residency programs ADS update to ensure compliance with this policy. All applications for complement increase will be reviewed and approved by the GMEC before official application may be made to the ACGME. Residents are considered ‘transfer’ residents under several conditions including: Moving from a WSU SOM GME program to another program within WSU SOM GME. Moving to/from a WSU SOM GME program from/to a program at a different sponsoring institution. Entering a PGY-2 program requiring a preliminary year even if the resident was simultaneously accepted into the preliminary PGY-1 program and the PGY-2 program as part of the match (e.g., accepted to both programs right out of medical school). This applies to residents who complete their PGY-1 year in a WSU SOM GME program or an outside program. Entering a subsequent residency program after successfully completing a residency program at WSU SOM or any other institution. Transfers must be conducted in a manner that allows for the optimal transition for the resident and for the WSU SOM residency program. NRMP guidelines regarding transfer before completion of one year post-Match will remain in effect for those residents who participated in the Match. Transfer in: Program Directors must ensure that the addition of a transfer resident will not adversely affect the ACGME resident complement for the program. Once an approved residency slot becomes available, the program director may recruit a resident candidate. Before accepting a transfer resident into a WSU SOM GME training program, the program director must obtain confirmation of the transfer resident’s satisfactory performance in the trainees’ current program. The program must also obtain verification of previous educational experiences and a summative competency-based performance evaluation including procedure list once available. The accepting program director in conference with the program’s CCC will determine, based on the previous experience of the resident, the program year, ACGME specialty requirements and/or specialty board requirements the resident must meet to successfully complete the residency. The accepting program director will notify the GME office of the transfer plan. The resident’s credentials must be reviewed by the GMEC to ensure they fulfill the criteria of the position. Once approved by the GMEC the GME office will work with the residency program to fulfill all onboarding requirements including but not limited to: drafting the agreement of appointment, employment paperwork and other required documentation as needed. All requests for transfer out of a WSU SOM GME residency program must be made by March 1st of the current academic year. A resident must inform the program director of his/her desire to transfer to another program before any formal interview for such a transfer, and facilitate the communication of the two program directors relating to the transfer. Once this communication has been made the resident may contact the program director of the desired program to discuss the possibility of the transfer. In this circumstance, trainees are expected to continue training in their current program until the end of their current appointment according to the terms of their Agreement of Appointment, unless an earlier resignation is mutually agreed upon by the trainee and program director. Notification of intent to transfer to another program must be done by March 1st of the current academic year. Trainees who leave their program without the approval of their program director and prior to the end of the academic year are considered in violation of the terms of the Agreement of Appointment. Transfers out of WSU SOM GME programs must be presented to the GMEC so the committee can monitor program attrition. Residents transferring INTO a WSU SOM GME program: One to two months prior to anticipated transfer, obtain a statement regarding the resident’s current standing and indication of when the summative competencybased performance evaluation will be completed. An example of an acceptable verification statement is: “(Resident name) is currently a PGY (level) intern/resident in good standing in the (residency program) at (sponsoring institution). S/he has satisfactorily completed all rotations to date, and we anticipate s/he will satisfactorily complete her/his PGY( ) year on June 30, (year). A summary of her/his rotations and a summative competency-based performance evaluation will be sent to you by July 31, (year).” Obtain written or electronic verification of previous educational experiences, including rotations completed and procedural/operative experience. Obtain a written or electronic summative competency-based performance evaluation from the resident’s current program director. Discuss the results of the summative evaluation with the current program director in person or via telephone, and keep written documentation of this discussion along with the training verification and summative evaluation in the resident’s permanent file. Residents transferring FROM a WSU SOM GME program For residents transferring out of a WSU SOM GME training program prior to completion of the program, the WSU SOM GME program director must provide timely verification of previous educational experiences and a summative performance evaluation to the program director of the program into which the resident is transferring. For residents completing preliminary training in a WSU SOM GME training program and moving into another WSU SOM GME training program, the program director of the preliminary training program must provide timely verification of previous educational experiences and a summative performance evaluation to the WSU SOM GME program director of the program into which the resident is transferring. Review of transfer applications by the GMEC ACGME ADS updates Onboarding checklist in New Innovations To ensure oversight of continued program accreditation the GMEC must be notified of any program receiving an ACGME Letter of Notification (LON) that includes citations, request for response or an adverse action accreditation decision including: probationary accreditation, withdrawal of accreditation or administrative withdrawal. The GMEC must review and approve any correspondence with the ACGME before it is submitted either by written progress report or entered in to ACGME ADS. If any programs receives an ACGME Letter of Notification (LON) that includes citations, request for response or an adverse action accreditation decision including: probationary accreditation, withdrawal of accreditation or administrative withdrawal, the program director must submit an immediate response to the DIO and prepare a written report addressing the LON to be presented at the GMEC. This GMEC meeting may occur ad hoc (if a response is required before the next GMEC meeting) or at the next regularly scheduled GMEC meeting. Time will be allocated for DIO review, program director revisions, GMEC review and final signatures according to the prescribed ACGME timeline for response. The process for review is as follows: Step 1: Program director drafts response to ACGME citations and or/adverse actions including action plan to address citations, and submits to GMEC within 30 days of receipt of letter. Step 2: ACGME LON, program director’s response letter and program action plan are reviewed at the GMEC meeting. The GMEC either approves correspondence and plan, or requests revisions and resubmission. Step 3(a): If Letter and Plan are approved by GMEC. The program director submits a followup report in six months. Step 3(b): If GMEC request letter and/or plan revisions. The program director resubmits correspondence and action plan at the next GMEC meeting. Once approved by the GMEC, the program director submits a follow-up plan in six months. Step 4: After GMEC approval and finalization, the program director updates “response to citations” on ACGME ADS. Step 5: If a progress report is requested by the ACGME (separate from the ADS update), the letter must also be signed by the DIO before submission to the ACGME. All ACGME letters of notifications and response from the residency program will be reviewed by the GMEC to ensure compliance with this policy. Resident resource brochure confidential concern form 1560 E. Maple Road Tsveti Markova, M.D., F.A.A.F.P. Associate Dean for Graduate Medical Education and Designated Institutional Official Professor & Endowed Chair, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences R. Brent Stansfield, Ph.D. Martha Jordan, M. Ed., C-TAGME Nora Kramer GME Coordinator Brian Benson, MPP GME Research Coordinator	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28844
__label__cc	0.546623	0.453377	PlayStation® Big Hook Up Continues Its Cross Country Search for the Next Action Sports Superstar in Denver Area Sony Computer Entertainment America and Camp Woodward Team Up For Second Annual 'PlayStation Big Hook Up' Talent Search Contest for Winners in Skate, Inline and BMX WHO: Industry leader Sony Computer Entertainment America is proud to team up with Camp Woodward, the most recognized and established name in action sports training, for the second annual "PlayStation® Big Hook Up" contest. Sony Computer Entertainment America Inc. markets the PlayStation® family of products and develops, publishes, markets and distributes software for the PS one™ game console, the PlayStation®2 computer entertainment system and the PlayStation® Portable handheld entertainment system for the North American market. WHAT: "PlayStation Big Hook Up" provides action sports athletes an opportunity to showcase their talents at 10 stops across the country from March 19 to May 14. The contest, open to participants between the ages of 7-20, will reward winners in skate, inline and BMX at all locations with a new, redesigned PlayStation 2 and trip to Camp Woodward in Woodward, Pa. to compete for the grand prize on June 12-18. The grand-prize winner will take home a cash prize of $5,000, a PlayStation Portable and access to both the East coast and West coast Camp Woodward facilities for the remainder of the 2005 season. WHERE: ESPN X Games Skatepark Colorado Mills 14500 Colfax Ave., Suite 100 WHEN: Saturday, April 30, 2005 HOW TO Just visit www.playstationbighookup.com to find out how to ENTER: register as a participant in the "PlayStation Big Hook Up" talent search. On-site registration is available the day of the event, one-hour prior to each of the Open Jam Sessions for skate, inline and BMX. For a full list of tour dates and additional details about the "PlayStation Big Hook Up" visit www.playstationbighookup.com. For additional information on Camp Woodward visit www.campwoodward.com. SOURCE: Sony Computer Entertainment America Inc. CONTACT: Drew McGuire Milam of Sony Computer Entertainment America, +1-650-655-5305, or drew_milam@playstation.sony.com Web site: http://www.playstation.com/ Web site: http://www.playstationbighookup.com/ Web site: http://www.campwoodward.com/	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28845
__label__wiki	0.556392	0.556392	Allgemein » y proven and not potential, he added. I think there is PESultima » Pro Evolution Soccer 2012 (Allgemein, Vorstellung, Patch... alles was nichts direkt mit der Online Liga zu tun hat) » Allgemein » y proven and not potential, he added. I think there is #1 \| y proven and not potential, he added. I think there is 15.05.2018 08:23 STANFORD, Calif. -- Erica McCall scored 17 points and No. 11 Stanford rebounded from a rare home loss to defeat Cal State Northridge 88-54 on Sunday.Eleven of 12 players scored and grabbed rebounds for the Cardinal (3-1), who lost to Gonzaga 68-63 on Friday, and 10 had assists. Stanford has not lost back-to-back games in November since 2006 nor consecutive home games to unranked opponents since 2001.The Cardinal are now 140-8 at Maples Pavilion since 2007-08.Stanford led 41-23 at the half, shot 55 percent in the second half and had a 52-29 rebounding advantage. McCall had 11 points.A 10-2 run gave Stanford an early 12-3 lead. It was 18-11 after one quarter and an 11-2 run in the second quarter made it 31-15.Brittany McPhee and Nadia Fingall combined for 28 points for the Cardinal.Hayley Tanabe had 16 points for the Matadors (2-2). Jaguars Hoodies Shop . Arsenal failed to take full advantage of its main rivals stumbles on Saturday as substitute Gerard Deulofeu levelled with a hard shot from a tight angle in the 84th minute to give Everton a deserved point. Ahead of a crucial fortnight that will see them play against Napoli in the Champions League, Manchester City and Chelsea, Arsenal leads by five points ahead of Liverpool and Chelsea. Tanner Lee Hoodie . -- If Henry Burris has his way, he will be the starting quarterback to lead the Hamilton Tiger-Cats back to the Grey Cup next year. http://www.cheapjaguarshoodiesjerseys.com/ronnie-harrison-hoodie/ . PAUL, Minn. Taven Bryan Hoodie . -- An ugly goal by Nick Bonino helped the Anaheim Ducks overcome the defensive-minded Phoenix Coyotes on a night when their ragged power play continued to struggle. Will Richardson Hoodie . Wilson hit Schenn from behind during Tuesday nights game in Philadelphia, earning a five-minute major for charging and a game misconduct. He has a phone hearing with the department of player safety, which limits any potential suspension to five or fewer games.Ray Wilkins expects Jose Mourinho to buy proven talent for Manchester United and believes Zlatan Ibrahimovic would be the perfect place to start. Mourinho has agreed personal terms with United to succeed Louis van Gaal at Old Trafford, with Ibrahimovic widely reported to be his top priority once the contracts are signed and he formally takes charge.Ibrahimovic is a free agent after leaving Paris Saint-Germain, having scored 50 goals in 51 games last season, and Wilkins believes he would be the perfect first signing for Mourinho, who enjoyed a productive time with the Sweden striker while manager at Inter Milan. Ibrahimovic (left) worked with Jose Mourinho at Inter Milan Lots of United fans are saying hes too too old at 34, Wilkins told Sky Sports News HQ. Bear in mind hes played 51 games this year and scored 50 goals. People say thats only in France but you still have to score them. Thats at international level, Champions League level, so youre playing against the best. I think hes got the correct character, the correct standing in the game. He is Cantona-esque coming into Old Trafford. I think hes got a lot in his legs. This guy would be a marquee signing and you havent got to pay any money for him, only his wages. Mourinho has agreed personal terms with Manchester United, according to Sky Sports News HQs Andy Burton United need characters, charisma back at the club and he would give them that.dddddddddddd It would probably only be a one-year contract, but its well worth the gamble.Van Gaal was praised for giving youth a chance in his two years at the club, while his biggest transfer deal was the £36m signing of 19-year-old Anthony Martial from Monaco. Anthony Martial has enjoyed an excellent first season at Old Trafford And while Martial has enjoyed an excellent first season and is expected to develop into one of Europes finest talents, Wilkins believes it is time for United to buy for now, not the future. I think what youll find with the person coming in is that hell buy proven and not potential, he added. I think there is a lot of potential being bought, but Manchester United cant buy potential. They have to be ready to go on a stage, not just physically, but they have to be mentally very tough. Also See: Mourinho agrees Utd terms Transfer Centre Live! Jose wants to retain Giggs Mourinhos youth record China NFL Jerseys Stitched Jerseys Jerseys From China Cheap Jerseys China Jerseys NFL China Jerseys NFL Cheap Cheap NFL Jerseys Authentic ' ' ' ined, Casse said. He can make good riders look bad. » « ester Family. Mike was a former Sooner stude	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28853
__label__cc	0.660148	0.339852	Company / Karbonn / Mobile / New Launches / News Karbonn A30 Dual Sim Budget 6 inch big screen android phone launched by Anand Mohan on December 18, 2012 \| Karbonn, domestic manufacturer and one of the leading company in telecommunication’s around the globe has launched it’s new product in it’s premium Smartphone segment as,”Karbonn A30″ in the Indian market. Karbonn is on it’s way to roll out it’s new invasions in the market to act as a good competitor in the competing market. Karbonn A30 runs on Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich) Operating System with Google Play support. The device comes with sports a 5.9″ multi-touch capacitive screen display, although the pixel dimensions haven’t been explicitly mentioned. Karbonn A30 is powered with 1 GHz dual-core processor which will deliver some feasible processing speed, although the amount of RAM will also be a deciding factor to ensure a lag-free user experience. The Device l also be incorporated Dual-SIM GSM Standby [SIM1: Dual-band 2G (GSM 900 MHz\1800 MHz), SIM2: 3G (WCDMA 2100 MHz)]. Dealing in terms of Storage Specifications, it supports micro SD card which can be expanded upto 32 GB whereas information regarding it’s Internal memory is also unknown. This Devices houses both the primary and secondary camera, it offers 8 MEGAPIXEL rear camera with auto-focus and automatic face detection technology and to make photography more enjoyable, it is equipped with LED flash which enable the user to capture images in the dark with better quality, whereas the front camera is decent 1.3 MEGAPIXEL. Such a large screen would surely eat up a lot of the battery life so to counter that and ensure the maximum usage time, Karbonn has included a huge 2,500 mAh battery, however, the back-up time is not available yet. On connectivity front, the Karbonn A30 gets Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 3G and device also packs up with G sensor, light and proximity Sensors. There is also an integrated GPS module and the company mentions “Voice assisted GPS”. The company bundles along various apps and games such as King soft Office and Angry Birds. There is also the Popi app to recharge prepaid mobile and DTH, book movie tickets, or even domestic flights. Similarly, there is also the Paytm app to recharge prepaid mobiles and data cards, and also pay mobile, DTH, and utility bills. The Package Contents for this device includes: Handset, Battery, Charger, Headset, Additional back panel, Carrying case, User guide. The price of the Karbonn A30 is Rs 10,990 that comes with a complimentary leather pouch and an extra back panel, which can be useful in case you happen to lose the original. Xolo Q1000S quad core smartphone with 5 inch display launched Pantel is coming with Android Smartphones for India Google to bring low cost / cheap android phones in coming months Sony Xperia S39h model showcased pics online ← HTC One SV revealed with 4.3 inch display and LTE support Karbonn Smart Tab 10 Cosmic with Dual core processor – Price and Details → Google Chromecast Video Streaming device for TV One of the biggest mammoth serving in IT industry worldwide has launched a new device to Upcoming Sony Xpeira UL mobile specifications and features leaks out Sony mobiles, one of the biggest multinational company in mobile phone manufacturing	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28863
__label__wiki	0.786663	0.786663	Votizen and DemDash: Can They Make Voting Social? BY Micah L. Sifry \| Friday, November 4 2011 Can we make voting for candidates and advocating for issues more social? And more specifically, can we make the whole process of supporting and endorsing candidates in advance of an election, or promoting a position on a bill, more transparent and sharable, in ways that get voters and activists to keep coming back to a website because it makes them more influential? That's the holy grail of a number of interesting startups, two of which--Votizen and DemDash--are getting a serious try-out next Tuesday around San Francisco's mayoral election. Votizen is better known, as it's already lined up some serious venture capital from investors like Ron Conway, Peter Thiel, and Sean Parker, and is getting usage by several mayoral candidates, including Ed Lee and Joanna Rees. But DemDash, which has been almost single-handedly built by Dan Ancona (with help from his wife Jen Ancona, a progressive strategist, and designer whiz James Home, who is now at Google, redesigning search), is also seeing some traction as the election approaches. Both sites are trying variations on the "share your voting plans" model, an idea whose time may finally be coming. The first thing you see when you go to sign up on Votizen is four options: to claim your voting record (based on the official history in the voter file), to endorse candidates in the races where you have a choice, to inform your vote by learning what other voters have to say about the issues, or to write a letter to an official and invite others to sign on. Whichever path you choose, once you've created an account, you're presented with a Facebook-like dashboard showing you a newsfeed incorporating a variety of useful signals, built around what people you're listening to are doing on the site. If you log in with Facebook or Twitter, Votizen will let you start following some of your friends, and that's where the site starts to get interesting: People I'm following are supporting various politicians, or bills, and where a topic is hot, the updates are pretty fresh. Right now, about 700 people have indicated their vote for San Francisco mayor, a number that will probably rise in the next few days till Tuesday's vote. Active users can opt to become a "precinct captain," and if you give Votizen permission, it can produce a list of your Facebook friends registered to vote in San Francisco for you to try and virtually door-knock. It will even tell you who has voted in the past to help you focus your efforts. A leader board shows who's recruited the most. But that's not the only way that Votizen makes itself useful. Another key functionality of the site is the ability to create and endorse "open letters" to legislators about current bills. Votizen makes those easy to share, and promises to deliver them directly to each official addressed. For example, a letter opposing the Protect IP Act, initially written by Republican tech consultant Patrick Ruffini, has 446 signers. Each time someone signs, they're given the option of spreading the word socially, via Twitter. A new feature even makes it easy to embed letters you've endorsed on your own site, which will help Votizen spread. "Our vision is to connect voters to the issues they care about, officials, candidates and ultimately each other, says David Binetti, one of Votizen's co-founders, who I met a few weeks ago in Mountain View. "We're focusing on things that allow people to take action individually that doesn't require them to be part of millions," he adds. Why would someone use Votizen, as an individual, I ask him. "The numbers on the social side make it more valuable, for one. But the authenticity is the second piece--these are real people, real voters, with a real identify and voting history--that's what elevates it from astro-turf." Ultimately, Binetti says, Votizen aims to make money two ways. First is by charging issue organizations on a per message basis for printing and delivering letters from voters on their issue. Something tells me this isn't likely to generate much money, given how slow many issue organizations are to adopt new tools. But his second method is intriguing. Lists of people who have publicly indicated their intention to vote for a candidate are quite valuable to campaigns. Binetti calls it a kind of "outsourced get-out-the-vote" operation. "If someone says they're voting for X, we can deliver timely reminder messages and charge campaigns for doing so," he argues. "The real value is local, where 10 or 20 people can shift an election," he adds. DemDash (short for Democracy Dashboard) works in a similar fashion, and once you've created an account, you'll also see a Facebook-like newsfeed showing you updates from friends you follow. But it differs from Votizen in two crucial ways. First, the site invites participation from groups, not just individuals, and thus if you want to follow what a group says about a candidate or issue, DemDash shows you. And second, and perhaps most valuable, DemDash will make you a kind of social palm-card for an upcoming election. Thus, for this Tuesday's mayoral race in San Francisco, I can not only see how many people have endorsed each candidate, I can also see where various groups and individuals I follow stand on them overall. Like Votizen, I can read why someone has endorsed a candidate. But DemDash adds in the fact that the Harvey Milk Club has endorsed John Avalos, along with the SF Bike Coalition, the SF Bay Guardian, several other Democratic clubs, and two people I'm following on the site, and stacks all that info up neatly on a single page. Like Votizen, you can see which users or groups have the most listeners, another nifty feature if you want to figure out who is influential on the site. For people who often go to vote with relatively little knowledge of all the candidates and issues that may be on the ballot, DemDash's palm-card (my term, not theirs) could solve an ornery problem that many of us have. Who should I vote for local judge or school board? Often, we ask our friends for advice. DemDash makes that process more social. It also makes it easy to find likeminded voters, revealing hidden parts of the social graph in ways that could be politically generative. "We're introducing people to each other by which groups they are fans of," Ancona tells me as we chat in the Hub, a tech incubator in downtown San Francisco. And, DemDash also gets around an aspect of election law that prevents nonprofits from endorsing candidates. If you can see how a group's members think about candidates--say, look at how ten people who are fans of the Electronic Frontier Foundation line up on their candidate preferences--you can in effect see how a certain organization might vote if it were actually allowed to endorse candidates directly. Both sites take advantage of how easy it is to verify people's voter registration information today. As a result, the information displayed has a certain veracity that your random internet polling site lacks--and the data these sites are collecting voluntarily from their users ought to be of intense interest to campaigns. "The holy grail of campaign data," says Ancona, "is the connection between what people support, their voter information and their social profiles." He sees a business model in the fact that campaign currently waste large sums on far less precise forms of voter contact. Mailers costs $8 per piece in California, he notes. "We're going to be charging politicians to talk to voters in the way that they've already said they want to be talked to," he argues. If an early alpha run of DemDash last November is any indication--usage of the site spread by word-of-mouth in the last days before the election and it actually crashed at 3pm on Election Day--the site may see a last minute spike in usage as Tuesday's vote approaches in San Francisco. Ancona has also raised $2500 on Loudsauce to do some targeted outreach to SF voters. Votizen will also being banging the drum, and we should see some usage of the site around several other local races. The big prize, of course, is the 2012 cycle. These sites have the potential--along with several other start-ups working the space between voters and elected officials--to open up the game of politics in a new way. Check them out; kick the tires; and let us know what you think. (This post has been updated to fix a typo in the headline.) Dan Ancona David Binetti DemDash Votizen	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28865
__label__wiki	0.506372	0.506372	Cell Phones / News / Rumors / What’s Hot! Samsung Galaxy S7 Release Date mid-March; to feature ‘lowlight’ Camera, Pressure-Sensitive Display and microSD Slot- WSJ by Sanjeev Krishnan · on December 14, 2015 at 8:42 am Samsung Galaxy S7 is one of the most anticipated device for the first half of 2016. Getting closer and closer it seems that almost all rumors about next Galaxy S7 will make it to the light and it should not take that long before we have a clear picture of the device before it is launched in 2016. So far rumors have already had people expecting a lot from Samsung and now WSJ is taking it further by confirming some of the rumors. For this new info, WSJ cites “people familiar with the matter” as source. To begin, the publication has confirmed one of the most anticipated feature, a pressure sensitive display just like latest Apple devices with 3D Touch. This definitely doesn’t come as surprise, recently Synaptics announced Samsung as one of the core partners for its upcoming ClearForce pressure-sensitive touchscreen technology, which should be the one that you find on S7 when it is launched. ClearForce lets users have more intuitive experience with its ability to react based on the pressure level you apply to it. The usages of ClearForce touch sensitivity include website scrolling with a harder press variable speed scrolling, picture zoom and panning, continuously variable gaming control functions, unlock and wake up, keyboard symbol and upper case selection and more. Another feature that WSJ confirmed is microSD card slot which was not found on the Galaxy S6. The publisher has also reaffirmed the USB Type-C port for Galaxy S7 which shouldn’t be a surprise because Samsung wouldn’t definitely like the flagship S7 to be isolated with USB 2.0 while other smartphone manufacturers have already introduced devices with Type-C port which enables faster charging and data transfer. The features mentioned above are actually widely expected and Samsung couldn’t afford to miss them, without them the device is definitely not going to make a splash in the market and yet there is a surprise for Galaxy S fans. According to WSJ, the device will come with brand new camera with improved low-light photography, and flash with the rear surface unlike the protruding 16 MP you find on Galaxy S6. Samsung is working on two new cameras, 20MP and a 12 MP with big sensor size. 20 MP was confirmed in slides for a Samsung investor presentation while the 12 MP one is still a speculation. The new 20 MP piece utilizes a new 28nm production method making it 23% thinner than the Samsung’s current 16 MP on Galaxy S6. There are more to this new camera. according to Samsung,the 20 MP is built with a RWB pixel color pattern that enhances both light sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio in low-light conditions that might be the reason why WSJ indicates the camera on S7 will be “optimized for lowlight photography.” If the source of WSJ is true, it would be fair to assume that this 20 MP will be the one found on S7. Finally, you must be eager to know when it is gonna hit the shelves. Well, WSJ says that the device will hit the US market in mid-March, that rings very well with the rumor of the February 21st launch. source: WSJ Moto X Style started getting Android 6.0 Marshmallow update Microsoft Lumia 850 aka Honjo leaked in full rendered Image The Google Pixel C 2-in-1 Tablet hits the Play Store; pricing from $499 Gamevice, Lightning-equipped Gamepad for iPhone 6 and 6S Microsoft Lumia 550 goes on sale in Europe and the US; pricing $139 Tags: AndroidfeaturesGalaxy S7release dateRumorssamsungSamsung Galaxy S7SmartphoneSpecs Next story Xiaomi Redmi Note Prime launched in India; Specs and Price Previous story Moto X Style started getting Android 6.0 Marshmallow update AT&T to allow Third Party Android Apps for Android Carriers Smartphones Angry Birds expected to be available on Windows Phone 7 on April 6	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28866
__label__wiki	0.579135	0.579135	Home and Personal Gifts Find Your Books Sell Your Books Online Access eBooks/Login Faculty Adoptions Add Funds to iCard Washburn Tech Home Ichabod Shop at Washburn Tech About Us Store Hours Store Location The Ichabod Shop, using an enterprising business model, is the purveyor of course material information for the Washburn University and Washburn Tech communities. We enhance the learning experience of the campus communities with vital and supplemental merchandise and technology as an integral part of University life. We strive to enrich the lives of students by serving as an essential academic resource. We position ourselves to be leaders in the industry and the community. ichabodshop@washburn.edu Special Hours (Dec. 16 - Jan. 10): Dec. 16 - Dec. 20: 9 am - 12:30 pm Dec. 23 - Jan. 1: CLOSED Jan. 2: 11 am - 4:30 pm Jan. 3: 9 am - 4:30 pm Jan. 6 - Jan. 8: 7:30 am - 6:30 pm Jan. 9 - Jan. 10: 7:30 am - 3:30 pm Regular Semester Store Hours (Valid until Dec. 13): Hours are subject to change. Please call 785-670-3410 for any questions. The Ichabod Shop at Washburn Tech is located in the West Hall of building A. Enter in the doors facing south toward SW Huntoon Street. We are located on the left. West Hall, Building A 5724 SW Huntoon St Ichabod Shop Home Add BodBucks to iCard Store Hours Jan. 6 - 12: Jan. 6 - 8: 7:30 am - 6:30 pm Jan. 9 - 10: 7:30 am - 3:30 pm	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28867
__label__cc	0.559613	0.440387	Review: The Sky is Pink Directed by: Shonali Bose Written by: Shonali Bose and Nilesh Maniyar Starring: Priyanka Chopra Jonas, Farhan Akhtar, Zaira Wasim and Rohit Saraf Inspired by a true story, ‘The Sky is Pink’ portrays a young couple who, after the death of their first new-born daughter from a rare immunity disorder, conceive another child only to discover that she is similarly afflicted. The heartbroken parents give up their jobs and travel to London’s famous Great Ormond Street children’s hospital, the only place that offers hope for their daughter. The generosity of people’s donations fund the expensive treatment that ultimately saves young Aisha Chaudhary [Wasim] and the family eventually moves back home to India. Years pass and all seems well, but the prolonged agony of a child living with a rare disease takes an inevitable toll – not least on the couple’s marriage. The performances in this film are exceptional, from well-established Jonas and Akhtar to the younger actors playing their children. It is no wonder that they were given a standing ovation at the Toronto Film Festival premiere. True stories tackled well have a knack of tugging at the heart strings and Bose achieves that with great deftness. The teary-eyed moments are many but there are also plenty that will bring a smile. The coming together of family in a crisis, a sibling bond that just gets stronger in the face of adversity and ultimately the sheer optimism and positivity of someone fighting to overcome a rare and debilitating disease. Bose’s award-winning streak, last seen in ‘Magarita With a Straw’, seems to be getting only stronger. She deserves all the accolades and more for handling such a difficult subject with just the right sensitivity. Stylistically as well, it was a treat to watch the very sensible ageing techniques used throughout the course of the film to jump through years of timelines. Also, we do get to see a different side of London than portrayed more regularly in Bollywood films. Some of the shots of Old Delhi are clearly an ode to the city by someone who knows it well. ‘The Sky is Pink’ is a must for anyone who enjoys being taken through a whole gamut of emotions while at the cinema. But quite simply, it is just a must see. by Aditi Khanna, film buff and London-based journalist Feature Films & Documentaries Call for Submissions Review: Section 375	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28869
__label__wiki	0.773154	0.773154	News about the Albert January 31, 2013 — The Albert Receives LEED Gold Designation The developers of The Albert, a bike, transit and environmentally-friendly mixed-use building located on North Williams at Northeast Beech announced today that the project has earned LEED Gold certification from the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC). In a city nationally recognized as a leader in green building design and development, The Albert is a cutting edge project that is situated in a key bike and pedestrian-friendly corridor that has shopping, dining and easy access to downtown Portland. Read the full press release... December 28, 2012 — CarMatrix could provide downtown Portland parking solution Read more about Harding Steel... November 9, 2012 — The Albert Reaches Full Occupancy The Albert, a bike, transit and environmentally-friendly four-story mixed-use building located on North Williams and Beech is at full occupancy less than four months after construction was completed. In a city nationally recognized as a leader in green architecture, The Albert is a cutting edge project that is situated in a bike and pedestrian-friendly neighborhood that has shopping, dining and easy access to downtown Portland. June 20, 2012 — How it’s Made : What’s the Scoop? We stepped into the kitchen with What’s the Scoop?’s Jodie Ostrovsky to get an look at the not-so-complicated process of making delicious ice cream with liquid nitrogen. With the opening of their new What’s the Scoop? ice cream shop on North Williams just a week away, Miami transplants Jodie and Brian Ostrovsky want to spread the word that their liquid nitrogen-powered ice cream isn’t just for science geeks. When I walked through the doors of the new scoop shop, the paper was being removed from the windows but the air was already heavy with the scents of caramelized bananas, sugared cherries, and freshly-made peanut brittle. Despite the shiny space-age tanks and elaborate loops of hose that flank the sides of the modern open kitchen, the space smells like home cooking—and the frozen results are an old-fashioned ice cream lover’s dream. Read the full article from Portland Monthly magazine... March 17, 2011 — HARDING STEEL INC. to provide new N. Williams Avenue Mixed-Use Development with Space-Saving ‘Puzzle Parking’ System Harding Steel Inc., a company that has been manufacturing, installing and servicing world class parking lift systems since 1968, recently signed a contract with Ruben J. Menashe Inc. to install its proprietary CarMatrix system in a new mixed-use building in North Portland. Ruben J. Menashe, Inc., the General Contractor for the 72-unit project now known as The Albert, broke ground this week. “The Albert project is transit-oriented, and installing a ‘tuck-under’ system to provide off-street parking for residents will help to prevent crowding neighborhood streets with cars,” said Jack Menashe, President of Ruben J. Menashe, Inc. “This type of system makes very efficient use of available space and saves roughly five thousand dollars per space when compared to traditional costs to dig an underground parking structure.” Read the full Harding Steel Press release... News about the community September 18, 2012 — Inside Kenny & Zuke’s Deli Bar Five years after opening his popular downtown deli, Ken Gordon launched his third outpost, Kenny & Zuke’s Deli Bar, this week at 3901 N. Williams Avenue. In addition to weekday morning coffee and bagel service, the new spot boasts daily lunch and dinner, specialty cocktails from Ox’s Jamal Hassan and Kenny & Zuke’s Robin Barnett, and a full weekend brunch. The stripped-down, family-friendly space feels like it has been a staple of the neighborhood for years, with a well worn-in bar, casual communal table, and warm colors complementing the natural light streaming in from the walls of windows. Read the full Portland Monthly Article... March 6, 2012 — Zipcar Ranks Top Vibrant, Efficient and Sustainable Cities Earlier this week, Zipcar published its Future Metropolis Index. To develop the Index, the company teamed up with KRC Research to rank the top 36 most populated U.S. cities on five factors: sustainability, innovation, vibrancy, efficiency, and livability. Here's how the cities break down in the five sub-categories: In the innovation category, Atlanta, Pittsburgh, and Boston top the list. Tuscon, Arizona, Portland, Oregon, and San Francisco are best in sustainability. San Francisco, Seattle, and Washington, D.C., lead in vibrancy/creativity. The most efficient cities are Washington, D.C., New York, and Boston. For livability, El Paso, Texas, New York, and San Diego take top honors. The study also found that Americans who live in metro areas are more optimistic about job opportunities than those living outside them. Read the full UrbanLand Article... January 5, 2012 — New Seasons Market Announces Site for Next Neighborhood Store New Seasons Market today announced that it will open a store in Portland’s Eliot Neighborhood in 2013. The 30,000 square-foot grocery store will occupy the north portion of the now-vacant site, formerly home to Interstate Bakeries. The nearly three-acre site, commonly known as the “Bakery Blocks,” is bounded by Northeast Fremont Street to the north, North Vancouver Avenue to the west, Northeast Cook Street to the south, and North Williams Avenue to the east, all within the city’s Interstate Urban Renewal District. The store will bring more than 150 new jobs with healthcare and benefits to the community, along with New Seasons Market’s fun and friendly shopping experience, featuring a wide selection of everyday groceries, locally grown and produced foods, homemade meals, an in-house butcher and a complete line of wellness and homegoods products. Read the complete New Seasons Press Release... January 3, 2012 — The Box Social Now Open N. Williams has a new "drinking parlour": Sapphire Hotel owners Eric and Shannon McQuilkin opened their second bar project, the Box Social, on N. Williams and Shaver just before the new year. The cozy spot flaunts a 10-item cocktail list and food menu featuring small bites and sandwiches (like an open-faced pastrami with creamed horseradish and cheddar, and a panini with fig compote, creamed horseradish, caramelized onion, green apple, and bleu cheese). The Social offers two happy hours (4-6pm, Monday to Sunday; and 11pm-close, Sunday to Thursday). Hours of operation: 4pm-2am, seven days a week. [EaterWire] Read the full Eater PDX Blog posts on North Williams/Mississippi... December 22, 2011 — Introducing Las Primas Peruvian Kitchen And now, a look inside the upcoming N. Williams spot Las Primas, a venture by Peruvian-raised chef Catalina Acuña. The concept — Peruvian street food like sandwiches, salads, and snacks (like fried yuquitas, roasted chicken wings with ají de mesa, and daily empanada specials) — is coupled with a colorful, casual 2,000-square-foot room featuring foosball tables and bottle-cap and candy-wrapper-adorned communal tables to up the room's energy. The order-at-the-counter sandwich menu — guests can watch their picks being made in the open kitchen — features options like butifarra (pork with crema de ají), pan-roasted tilapia, and stir-fried beef, served on Fleur De Lis Bakery bread. September 20, 2011 — Developers Cater to Two-Wheeled Traffic in Portland, Ore. PORTLAND, Ore. — Christian Ettinger, the owner of Hopworks Urban Brewery here, is a longtime bicycle enthusiast. He grew up riding around the Portland suburb of Lake Oswego, and now owns six bicycles — ”two if my wife is asking” — and races in cyclocross events. So when he decided to open a second brewpub this summer, he settled on a location that reflected his passion: North Williams Avenue, one of the most-used commuter cycling corridors in a city already mad for all things two-wheeled. Some 3,000 riders a day pass by Mr. Ettinger’s new brewpub, which he calls the Hopworks BikeBar. It has racks for 75 bicycles and free locks, to-go entrees that fit in bicycle water bottle cages, and dozens of handmade bicycle frames suspended over the bar areas. Portland is nationally recognized as a leader in the movement to create bicycle-friendly cities. About 7 percent of commuters here travel by bike (the national average is under 1 percent) and the city has an ambitious plan, adopted last year, to increase that proportion to 25 percent by 2030. Read the full New York Times Article... August, 2011 — Portland's North Williams Avenue Check out North Williams Avenue for quirky shops and delicious restaurants, cafés, and bars. With 3,000 commuters pedaling it every day, North Williams Avenue is Portland’s premier bike corridor. Visitors, too, find plenty worth braking for on two blocks of this arterial, including two James Beard Award–nominated chef-owned restaurants and a slew of hip shops and cafés. For family-style brunch and dinner with globe-trotting flavor—think North African sausage with an egg and couscous—head to John Gorham’s Tasty n Sons. 3808 N. Williams Ave., Ste. C, (503) 621-1400, tastynsons.com. Jenn Louis’s dinner-only Lincoln Restaurant is known for addictive, savory dishes like baked eggs with cream, olives, and bread crumbs. 3808 N. Williams Ave., No. 127, (503) 288-6200, lincolnpdx.com. Read the full Via Magazine Article... May 25, 2010 — North Williams: Portland’s Mashup of Local Artisans, Developers and Bike Culture Few as five or six years ago, North Williams was merely a commuter corridor through North Portland—a sad strip peppered with dilapidated buildings, vacant lots and very few thriving businesses. Today this zone is a favorite destination for eating, drinking, shopping and, of course, biking. The lightning quick transformation of this neighborhood has been impressive—there's still ample room for growth—but it's staying true to its bike-centric origin, while evolving as a showcase for small architecture firms and developers, and deepening its roots as a hub for local artisans of all stripes. Read the full Neighborhood Notes Article... January, 2009 — Go green on Portland’s North Williams Avenue Enjoy a low-key urban vibe thanks to yoga studios, indie shops, and cafes. Fun in winter: North Williams Avenue ― with its bike lanes and organic eateries tucked away in the new Hub building (3808 N. Williams Ave.)―makes it easy to jump-start your New Year’s resolutions. Scene: A low-key urban vibe, courtesy of yoga studios and green indie shops and cafes. 2,745: Number of daily bike commuters on the North Williams bike corridor. Dress code: Waterproof jacket and jeans with right leg rolled up. Read the full Sunset Magazine Article... — Explore Portland’s North Williams Avenue The best things to do, places to shop, and food to eat in this bustling Portland neighborhood. Limber up: Drop in for a vinyasa class at the Hub building’s Yoga Shala: Its dynamic flow will help you sweat out the holiday excess. Portlanders can sign up for a series of 20 hatha-style Shadow Yoga classes to help clear your mind. Energize your home: Beat back the winter blahs with green ideas from Ink & Peat, where you’ll find punchy organic bedding, succulents in vintage enamelware, and blooming branches.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28877
__label__cc	0.675707	0.324293	Premier League Sponsors – Infographic If there was any doubt before, take a look. English Football has finally sold out. And rather paradoxically, we have the Financial Fair Play Rules to blame. The above infographic takes a look at the current sponsorship deals within the Premier League. It includes both sponsorships for the league and the clubs therein. It is a strong testament to the financial power of English football, but also gives us an idea of where it is all going. Curiously, this rise in sponsorship deals is partly due to the recent arrival of UEFA Fair Play Rules. Michel Platini’s brain-child was born from a want to curb the manic money spending in football but may yet only allow for the big clubs to continue and leave the smaller clubs with only childhood dreams of climbing the ladder. The basic philosophy of the FFP rules is to make clubs spend within their means. In the good old days big clubs could take a major loss and get their billionaire owners to pick up the tab – a precarious tactic because if the owner goes broke the club will be, to use the monetary vernacular, stuffed. Under the FFP regulations, the club can only spend what they make. A nice idea but one, as it turns out, riddled with loopholes. One of which is the money that can be made by sponsorship revenues – a factor that is likely to widen the prosperity gap between the sharks and the minnows. And the billionaires are back in the room. Okay, they can’t personally top up the bank account like a sugar daddy should but they can get their bucked-up buddies to do it for ‘em. The rules say that another company can’t have ‘transactions’ with a club that they have some influence in – if they are a ‘related party’. So far we have seen that UEFA will have to work their backsides off to prove that a party is related. The Chairman and Vice-Chairman of Etihad are half-brothers of Manchester City’s owner Sheikh Mansour but are spending £40 million a year to keep Eastlands as the Etihad Stadium. Gazprom is now one of Chelsea’s main sponsors yet was a company formerly owned by Roman Abramovich. It’s not what you know, it’s who you know. This in-house financial spooning is but the tip of the iceberg. Big clubs can attract big sponsors without their owners’ friends pitching in. Barcelona, for example, recently signed their first commercial kit sponsorhip deal with Qatar Airways worth around £125m over five years. Meanwhile Manchester United are expected to strike a new kit deal with Nike for around £500 million. Whilst we are on the topic of Manchester United, will the Red Devils please stand up and accept their award for Most Asinine Sponsorship Titles . DHL are their current ‘Official Logistics Partner’, Casillero Del Diablo are their ‘Official Wine Partner’ (bet Fergie didn’t get to help chose that one) and, saving the best for last, Mister Potato are the current ‘Official Savoury Snack Partner’. It was a tough call and Chelsea came a close second with their ‘Global Style Partner’ and ‘Tyre Partner’. And what of the little clubs? Well, as with all packs of hungry dogs, the runts are left to fight over the scraps. In their current positions, smaller clubs haven’t got the pull for multi-million sponsors and are left with agreeing to smaller sums or selling their soul to commercial devils. Stand up Newcastle and West Ham. The Geordie deal with pay-day loan villains Wonga was getting some decent press until hero-turned-idiot Papisse Cisse showed up in a casino. And West Ham now have an Asian betting partner, an injury-time betting partner, a European betting partner and an In-Stadia betting partner. In fact, have another look at the infographic and see if you can pick out all the betting sponsors, there’s a fair few. But let us not bemoan these new rules. Chairmen, don’t just grumble about the poor hands you have been dealt. Let us use this as inspiration, as a means to push forward. Whilst ‘selling out’ is globally cast in a negative light, it is still, undoubtedly a global phenomena and was destined to engulf football sooner or later. So smaller clubs must take this as an impetus to compete differently, not on a financial level but on a football level. Managers like Martinez and Pocettino are fighting the good fight against England’s giants not in the corporate boxes but on the pitch. And if these clubs can find a way of putting football first, the riches may naturally follow. England's Youth In Crisis - An Infographic Investigation	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28880
__label__wiki	0.700367	0.700367	Tell a friend Print version E-mail us New items Bestsellers reviews Catalogue Payment & Shipping Sale!!! Music House "Krayina Mriy" There are 2152 items in our catalogue. How to order (FAQ) Modern Pop Variety Art Jazz & almost Electro-Acoustic Experiments NOT discs DISC OF THE DAY Maria Matios. The Beech Land Domestic: 350.90UAH International: $31.90USD ethno melange the broken space Artists: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [0-9] Albums: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [0-9] Catalogue -> Rock & Alternative -> Simply Rock SKAY. "!". /digi-pack/. (+ 3D glasses) For the group S.K.A.Y., the album "!" (Exclamation Mark) has already become the third one – and it seems that the fans will not be disappointed. The new work is a proof of that the group is changing, maturing – this is true both about the music and the lyrics. In music – S.K.A.Y. becomes more rock'n'roll, clear, driving. The recognition effect is still there – actually, the group from the very beginning had its specific manner – but one feels more confidence, experience, understanding now. Possibly, it is right now that S.K.A.Y. has finally discovered its palette, and the album "!" in this sense sounds as a sort of summarizing – so, it is quite possible that the next album will become a step into other territories, an experiment. There is potential for this. Well, and regarding the texts... Lyrics by Oleg Sobchuk have always tended towards sociality multiplied by subjective reflection, but earlier the subjective, personal – prevailed. Now more formulas have appeared in texts that can apply for the status of generalizations – in a good sense of the word. It is possible to argue with these formulas, sure – but, in any case, it is interesting to notice and think them over. This is, sure, a benefit. Publisher: Lavina Music Catalogue number: LM CD-583 See all albums and songs of the musician(s) on our site: Domestic price: 152.90UAH International price: $13.90USD 1. Pam’jatay 2. Daleko 3. Sontse 4. Kino 5. Nu a Ja 6. Ne tak 7. Ljubov 8. Slipa krasa 9. Z mene dosyt‘ 11. Porolon 12. ! 13. Galaktika bonus tracks: 14. Svitlo 15. Svitlo (rock) 16. Porolon (S.K.A.Y. & Murik (Green Grey) 17. ! (S.K.A.Y. & (Pikkardiyska Tertsia) Total playing time: 67:07 Fragments of the compositions marked with mark are available for listening. How to listen? Fiolet. True Love. /mini-pack/. What has changed since the release of this album? It immediately strikes that the sound of Fiolet has become noticeably heavier – and this, along with the rather significant insertions of electronics, creates a slightly different background for perception of the lyrics. Not that it is more aggressive, but there is a nuance.. Domestic price: 108.90UAH, International price: $9.90USD Patrycia. Lechu. /digi-pack/. (I'm Flying) The first thing that catches the eye is the musicians' regard to the pop rock aesthetics of the 1980's and the 2000's. It's not about copying as such – but this almost-retro flavor works as a properly selected spice: it helps to open up the base. Well, and the base is the ability to create good melodies and expressive arrangements.. Domestic price: 119.90UAH, International price: $10.90USD O.Torvald. Bisaydy. /digi-pack/. (B-sides) ..this collection of seemingly separate songs actually sounds almost like an album: colorful and, oddly enough, holistic. What makes it so – the sense of freshness, the feeling that they enjoyed creating these songs. And this, in the end, is virtually the most important thing. Fiolet. Pisni lyubovi na poli boyu. /digi-pack/. (Songs of Love on the Battlefield) "Fiolet" traditionally offers listening to not only pleasant music, but also – smart, witty lyrics. About what is and what will be. About that everything passes. About that everything changes – and remains invariably-incomprehensibly-incredible. Even when it hurts. However... Brutto. Rodny kraj. /digi-pack/. (Native Land) In the world, there are songs for fun, for escape, for kissing – lots of them. While these ones are song with the realization that they are grounded on truth. For the sake of which fear was defeated. And this feeling is very valuable. AntytilA. Vse krasyvo. /digi-pack/. (Everything Is Beautiful) Less than 2 years have passed since the release of the previous album "Over the Poles". But – this was the period from 2013 till 2015. Lots of things have happened and changed, and even more is still ahead. AntytilA have not stayed aside – both in human terms, and in terms of creativity... YouCrane. Again. /digi-pack/. The second album by YouCrane clearly shows that the band has found its own voice, and that this voice is easy distinguished from the crowd. A certain very nice mix of romance with a touch of the 1980s, latent lo-fi-aesthetics, healthy carelessness in intonations – all of those create a new fairy tale atmosphere.. Epolets. Dogma. The new disk combines songs about a variety of facets of our life – there is blues and loneliness, exciting gospel and sex, punk and showing off, trip-hop and anger, poignant tango and war. The world is changing every day, dogmas keep replacing each other, but we hope... Social Classes. Unplugged. (2CD). /mini-pack/. ...a semi-acoustic recording that allows one to fully experience the inner poetics of the space. The guitar, percussion, bass, occasionally keyboards – well, and, sure, singing (complemented with recitative). Actually, one does not need anything more – at least, one does not perceive any shortage. O.Torvald. Ty Ye. /digi-pack/. (You Are) A powerful album – at least, in terms of sounding. And it is not only about the flurry of sound – even though its energy does shake you well. But here it is a bit more delicate: eventually, the overall style has not undergone any major changes – but one cannot get rid of the feeling that within them O.Torvald stepped over themselves. Sobaki V Kosmose, Serhiy Zhadan. Byjsya za neji. /book-comics-CD/. (Fight for Her) Serhiy Zhadan is one of the most "flexible" contemporary authors in Ukraine in what relates to the means of communication with the public. This is true both about live performances, and about the ways of, actually, publications. And "Fight for Her" is just another experiment of the kind. Cool poetry, tough, "raw" music, and interesting graphic... Cherry-Merry. Listen Loud! /digi-pack/. According to participants of the band, the album "Listen Loud!" created in the difficult circumstances of the independent Ukrainian scene is a symbiosis of the melodic British indie and the assertive American guitar "garage rock." Short and precise. But it is worth adding that if the proportions were different... Fiolet. Vigvam. /digi-pack/. (Wigwam) The first thing I noticed when I started playing the album was that I was intently listening to the lyrics. It's nice because it does not happen that often. This is important – because not only the sound matters, because semantic vibrations also weigh, and emptiness is very different from pauses. Moreover, one immediately notices the quality.. SKAY. Kray Neba. (The Edge of Heaven) S.K.A.Y. can "bang" not only a melodic, beautiful ballad – but undoubtedly drive pieces as well, and "The Edge of Heaven" is just a good evidence to that. The album is quite concise – but thus it is as expressive as possible. Both in the melodies, and in individual music phrases – it is, so to say, precise. While the lyrics are, on the contrary, mostly romantic... Opium. Pochuttya i Medali. /digi-pack/. (Feelings and Medals) It's nice that there are still bands that undertake performing just rock, without flirting with unclear definitions of style, without the pop aplomb or pretended mystery. And the cello as part of it does not interfere. Just honest music, straight and simple (but not empty) lyrics – you know, not that much is needed... WhaTsup. Yak vsi. /digi-pack/. (As Everyone) In fact, this album is a folder containing two debut pieces at once. The main one – from the WhaTsup project, while another third of the volume is their side project "Fekaladka". Well, Kharkiv musicians like doing it differently from the rest – thus, the title of the album can be viewed as banter... O.Torvald. Akustychny/ Vykorystovuy nas. (2CD+DVD). /digi-pack/. (Acoustic/ Use Us) "These two albums are a most vivid representation of the spirit of these six years on stage, – says the band leader Zhenya Halych. – While the last album "Primate" is already something new for us, and the debut one, "O.Torvald" was the search for our sound, "Acoustic" and "Use Us" are the basis of O.Torvald's work in recent year..." O.Torvald. Prymat. /digi-pack/. (Primate) ..the group decided to remind themselves and everyone that they had started with post-punk. In contrast to the lyrical and melodic "Acoustic", here the emphasis is on the drive, so the rhythm section worked more assertively, and there are more than enough "heavy" guitars. The texts are, nevertheless, not devoid of certain lyricism, often irony... AntytilA. Nad polyusamy. /digi-pack/. (Over the Poles) It was in 2012 when several songs from the album were written and presented. Other tracks were finished only a month ago. While the recording sessions were under way members of the band got through rather significant issues in their lives. Definitely, those issues couldn’t help but leave a mark on the new vision and feelings towards music... YouCrane. Koly my budem znajomi. /digi-pack/. (When We are Acquainted) At first glance – YouCrane just perform quality pop-rock with a variety of electronic admixtures. But, as known, the devil is in detail – to which the band definitely pays a lot of attention. Therefore, that results in a rather peculiar and interesting atmosphere, in which the positive charge does not block the sun for indie moods. Nedaremno. Stezhky do tebe. /digi-pack/. (Trails to You) "NedaremnO" tries to sound different. Not too "trimmed" – and it has its advantages, because lack of syrup makes the taste much more honest. There is some special drive – that young groups had in abundance 10 to 20 years ago, but which many of the current "novices" often lack. O.Torvald. Acoustic. /digi-pack/. ...the sound appears really clear, light, and sometimes almost fragile. Actually, it is possible to compare – because, in addition to new songs, you'll find here several songs from the previous album "In You". This is not yet homely comfort – but this is not desperate thunder of large scenes either, definitely. AntytilA. Vybyray. /digi-pack/. (Choose) Their first album, "Buduvudu" was a couple years ago one of the best Ukrainian rock debuts. However, it was fair enough. Well, and the second album – that is more quality and craftsmanship, more self-awareness. More questions – and, perhaps, more open answer... Vpershe Chuyu. PryamoTok. /digi-pack/. (ForwardFlow) As far as we know – this is the first album in Ukraine (at least, among officially released ones) dedicated to bikers. Dedicated not only formally, but also thematically. However, the disc "Biker Sich" has been released just recently – but it was a collection of favorite songs, not the author's dedication album. A significant difference. Asymmetry of Emotions. Setalight. In spite of the love and respect of the group participants for works by "Beatles" stated in the autobiography, this is not about copying, imitation – and it is good. Perhaps, the only common feature is that the "Asymmetry of Emotions" also plays pop-rock. Maybe, with the prefix "indie". And, of course, very emotional. Role Model. Scylla and Charybdis. /digi-pack/. Although musicians of the group define their style as pop rock – we should note that "rock" here weighs obviously more than "pop". To the extent that in the sounding of "Role Model" it is possible to discover, for example, elements of punk rock in the American style... Flit. Odnoznachno! (Definitely!) One should only give an attentive ear to the texts, and under the clothes of hooliganism, you will find not verbal tricks, but live reflections. Far not always these reflections are sunny and romantic, because our life as well happens to contain too much salt – but. Important is not only what you see, but also how you look. Flit, for example, does not brick itself up in deadlocks.. Opium. Molysja na mene. (Pray to Me) "Opium" honestly searches for its own rock language in texts and in music, and this is nice. In our opinion, "Opium" plays simple classic rock – and this, you should agree, is not that easy. Besides, the song lyrics do not resemble a simple set of rhymes and meter at all – the experience lived through, live thoughts and feelings are obviously inlaid into these words. Dalai Lama. the sixth turtle. ..the debut disc by the group "Dalai Lama" is a mouthful of cheerful hope indeed. Not least of all – due to diversity of the material. Dalai Lama switches from alternative rock to grunge, mixes up punk and disco, changes the internal tension of trip-hop for the seeming transparency of post-rock, quotes funk inside out, just has fun with the sound – and does it confidently. Motor'rolla. Kol‘orovi sny. (de luxe edition). (Colored Dreams) Motor'rolla, disregarding obstacles, has managed to make a step ahead in quality – it seems that right now the group has finally found its real sounding, has reached a sort of their own standard. This is important – because, having such a work in one's reserve, it is possible to freely experiment in any direction. Durable foundation – is there. Rura. Moja ljubov. (My Love) Extremely fast, really – it seems that there are yet no analogues to such speed on the Ukrainian scene. Just a few months have passed from the moment when Rura released her debut album – and here we already have the second album, and active work on the third album is in process. Surprising, but also nice capacity – isn't it? BioNik. BioNik. It is exactly such music that practically the whole Europe listens to now – the young part of population, accordingly. It is exactly such music that Ukraine lacks at present. At least, such bright cocktails of punk, pop, grunge, Brit-pop – practically nobody does that. And it is worth trying... Pomaranch. ...sche, dlja morjakiv u Niheriji. “Pomaranch” is the energy of colour. It is a cheerful, fresh, flexible, hot, not completely fluid, but quite a pellucid energy. Motor'rolla. ..sho komu ne jasno?..sche! (..Wut's Not Clear?..Once More!) ...having changed the vocalist, recorded a bright album and dramatically altered their image (playing true rock in neat suits – that is well-aimed, indeed)) – Motor'rolla has presently became one of the most interesting Ukrainian alternative teams. I mean alternative not as the music style, but just as a method of self-expression, world perception. Rura. Rura. In order to make it a bit clearer at once, we will say the following: the group Rura was assisted in preparation and release of this album by, among others, the groups Perkalaba and Pan Pupets. And not only (im)morally but also physically... Motor'rolla. Zabavy patriotiv. (Patriots' Fun) More than 10 years have already passed since the moment of the first release of this album – by the way, it then appeared on cassettes. Thus, due to the present second release all fans of Motor’rolla have a considerable reason for joy – such rarities do not still appear too frequently in our space. , Canada Another great album. I enjoyed it. , Україна Оригінальне оформлення платівки, чудова ( в принципі, як завжди ) музика... Одним словом, альбом вражає... Чудово. Yurik БОМБА !!! Express your opinion General impression: We respect your opinion even if we do not share it.At the same time we reserve our right to delete offensive messages, obscenities and commercials. © 1999-2020 UMKA. All rights reserved. Copyrights. Privacy policy. Affiliate program. Special offer: Order many – pay as for one! Our congratulations on the New Year! the eyes of darkness Lviv retro the Ukrainian Zen Braty Hadiukiny. The Best. /re-edition	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28885
__label__cc	0.722459	0.277541	Essay on race and ethnicity Race, Ethnicity And Ethnicity We will also explore the bigger questions. How essay does race and ethnicity matter in the sports world? Are certain races dominant in certain sports? Is there a difference in how we treat players based on race and race Does it matter? I would like to answer some of these questions and gain a better understanding of how much of a part they play. Summary and Reaction This section review covers the factors related to racial and ethnic identity. Sociologist on the other hand, find very distinct understandings to how these terms, while different, hold correlation to one another. Max Weber, and founding figure of sociology, was one of the first to define race and ethnicity. Most of the time I find myself confused and asking questions such as, who am I? Where do Взято отсюда belong? In high school my Spanish teacher once told me that Hispanic and And is not the same ethnicity. The term race refers to the concept of dividing people into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of physical characteristics which usually result from genetic ancestry. Race ethnicity shared biological or genetic traits, whether actual race asserted and the category to which others assign individuals on the basis race physical characteristics. Identity is a ethnicity part of who you are, and in recent studies and experimentation researchers have адрес страницы trying to identify new, untested factors that influence behavior in people. Art and film have played vital roles in advocating for a society free of ethnicity and racism. Using vivid descriptions and evidence of both text and a movie this race seeks and relate accordingly the concerned issues and factors affecting these social vices. It will demonstrate race and ethnic tendencies in diverse cultural contexts. Issues of Race and Ethnicity essay the academic discourses essay various disciplines including the field of Anthropology. Essay and Ethnicity ethnicity controversial terms that are defined and used by people in many different ways. Ethnicity is described by the group on the basis of family history, national foundation, and forefathers. Race is a term that attempts to categorize human beings into distinct groups by their Phenotypes and to skin color, eye color, etc. Social scientists have essay leadership definition consider the key elements which shape identity, the importance of social structures and agency involved. Knowing who we are is important. Essay about Race and Ethnicity Handbook of Multicultural Race. Pg3 and of what country women are fighting ethnicity, they узнать больше still needed. This group defined by color share cultures, ethhicity and sometimes origin where they can be taught about themselves and sometimes other persons which makes these segments important in a way Essay Essay on ethical and racial identity \| Examples and Samples Additionally, there are versed business opportunities. Katz, Ethnifity. Westport, Conn. Race, both cognitive and psychological structural models are phase models that allow growth in a stepwise development, while up-to-date models define ethnic and ethnnicity identity to be a lifelong process. Racial and адрес identity models offer a theoretical assembly for individuals to understand and essay on obesity their mediation and that and other cultures as well. Using vivid descriptions and essay of both text and a movie this paper seeks to relate accordingly the concerned issues and factors affecting these social vices. Why am i in college essay Best college admission essays for psychology Essay on natural disasters	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28886
__label__wiki	0.674827	0.674827	Board index Football Forums The Rant Forum Unrealistic summer transfer wankfest III Manchester United chat Spudiator Location: Horsham brianofnazarethffs wrote: We've been short of a good midfield since Hargo/Scholes/Carrick played in 2008. A shocking oversight by Fergie. Moyes fucked up and didn't address it too. LVG to be fair to him knew the balance was fucked from early in the season and has made arrangements to fix it and by fuck he has certainly had a go. I'm not too sure LVG will buy a forward you know, he's already said Depay can play there, I honestly feel he may go 4-2-3-1 next season... -—----------------------------De Gea ---Darmain---Smalling/Jones----Rojo/Blind---Shaw ------------------Schweinsteiger---Schneiderlin ---------Depay-----------Herrera/Mata------Di Maria -------------------------------Rooney Other players: Blackett That's a fucking unbelievable squad. I would love a top quality CB if I'm honest but we have a lot of cover all over the pitch. Spoilt for choice. I'd be quite happy with that first XI, not sure Rafael will be among the squaddies though, it's a shame because I think he's still got potential to be good enough, but he does seem like he's on his way. bman2 Spudiator wrote: I think Rafael's definitely out the door, with Evans and Hernandez. Even if the club can't find buyers for them this window, I think that they are for all in intents and purposes no longer part of the squad. Seems like Di Maria is off, french papers saying he has agreed personal terms with PSG. Just fucking hope we do get paid if it's true. fat maradona First Teamer Telegraph reporting that a deal for Gaitan has been agreed for £21m, and will be announced once the Di Maria exit has been agreed. No mention of where Di Maria is going but these French rumours may well be true. He's not made the US trip. If all of this bullshit is true, I think it's a great piece of business. Looks like Ramos is staying at Real (thank fuck) and so De Gea to Real not certain this window. Considering we are looking at new strikers, I'd take a swap deal for Benzema. fat maradona wrote: Telegraph reporting that a deal for Gaitan has been agreed for £21m, and will be announced once the Di Maria exit has been agreed. No mention of where Di Maria is going but these French rumours may well be true. He's not made the US trip. If all of this bullshit is true, I think it's a great piece of business. No Argentian has made the US trip because of Copa. Doesn't seem like a great piece of business to me, we could have signed Gaitan at any time over the past five years but chose not too, and nor did any other big club. Has he ever even gotten a game with the Argentinian national team? I'm sure he's a decent player, but this exchange wouldn't be so different to selling Ronaldo and replacing him with Valencia. Not quite as bad, but still the same principle. I think Cavani is going to be our "glamour" signing. Has anyone here actually seen Cavani play well? He's had good games but then I haven't seen him to be the "glamour" player that he's supposed to be, He was class in Italy, but that was a while ago now I think he might be a bit slow I actually think Cavani could be quite successful in Van Gaal's system, but I'm far from certain of it and in my mind he would be big step down from Di Maria in terms of (potential) excitement. I also don't much like the idea of signing a pure striker because then it would be difficult to play him and Rooney both at the same time, and the whole reason Cavani is supposed to be unhappy at PSG in the first place is because he doesn't like playing on the flank with Ibra as the CF. bman2 wrote: I actually think Cavani could be quite successful in Van Gaal's system, but I'm far from certain of it and in my mind he would be big step down from Di Maria in terms of (potential) excitement. I also don't much like the idea of signing a pure striker because then it would be difficult to play him and Rooney both at the same time, and the whole reason Cavani is supposed to be unhappy at PSG in the first place is because he doesn't like playing on the flank with Ibra as the CF. Rooney's not exactly a pure striker so buying someone who prefers to play deeper would make even less sense. Return to “The Rant Forum” ↳ The Rant Forum ↳ Anything But United ↳ Match Day Off Topic Forums ↳ The Den ↳ Other Sports	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28888
__label__cc	0.744161	0.255839	Maximum Seats Epic journeys All drink included Lunch in restaurant All tickeds museum ARRIVE MALDIVES Arrival transfer from airport to resort in Maldives (Shared speed boat or sea plane). Welcome to Maldives, the land of turquoise waters and a plethora of ancient coral reefs, primeval volcanoes and delicious seafood. On arrival you will be welcomed by our local Cox & Kings representative and transferred to your resort. Maldives is a nation of more than a 1,000 coral island scattered down the middle of the Indian Ocean like little gems. Surrounded by turquoise lagoons, home to rainbow coloured fishes and intricate coral reefs, each island holds its own unique character. The rest of the day is at leisure to discover this charming island. Overnight at Hotel/ Resort, Maldives The day is at leisure for independent activities. You can opt to enjoy snorkelling and various water sports activities offered by the resort. Overnight at Hotel/ Resort, Maldives The day is at leisure to explore this beautiful island. Overnight at Hotel/ Resort, Maldives DEPART MALDIVES Departure transfer from resort to airport in Maldives (Shared speed boat or sea plane as specified against each resort). Today, you will be transferred from resort to the airport in Maldives for your flight back home. We trust that you enjoyed your Flexihol vacation. Maldives is a nation of more than 1000 coral islands scattered down the middle of the Indian Ocean like little gems. Surrounded by turquoise lagoons and home to rainbow colored fish, each island holds its own unique character. The land of turquoise waters is the ultimate in the space of luxurious beach vacations, a plethora of ancient coral reefs and delectable seafood.Spot rate tropical fish like neon clown fish to slow-moving manta rays on the diving spot called Fushifaru Thila. Revel in your rendezvous with solitude at the secluded beach resort at the Cocoa Island in the south Male Atoll and pamper yourself with decadent spa treatments. Explore the corals at Maa Kandu and Kuda Kandu. Indulge in some shark-viewing at the Hammerhead Point. Maldives has an extraordinary setting of water sports activities, even for some one who does not know how to swim and is ideal honeymoon getaways, an epitome of an indulgent holiday. Max av temp (C) 30 30 31 32 31 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Min av temp (C) 26 27 27 27 27 27 27 26 26 26 26 26 Av rain (mm) 75 50 73 132 216 172 147 188 243 222 201 232 Taxis are available only on Male although relatively small you may need the services of a taxi especially if it is raining. In Male Taxies charge between RF 15.00 to 20.00 per stop. With an extra charges of RF 5.00 for luggage carried. Water Transport: The Main form of local transport is the Dhoni a traditional all purpose vessel now usually powered by a Diesel engine only for a short distance. Seaplanes are often used as a quicker option by tourist resorts located atolls further from the airport. Catching a seaplane is a rare treat that adds an extra layer to your experience of the Maldives by putting its unique geography into perspective through cottony layers of cloud. To get Male’, the capital, you can catch a ferry from the airport, that leaves every few minutes for just a dollar or 10 Maldivian Rufiyaas during daytime. Dhonis have been used by locals for centuries and this ferry is a modern adaptation to the traditional one and are often bedecked in kitsch decorations. Facts you need to know about The official name of Maldives is the Republic of Maldives. However, the official local long form name for the Maldives is Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa. Maldives was under Portuguese occupation between 1558 and 1573. It became a Dutch protectorate in the seventeenth century. In 1887, Maldives became a British protectorate and remained so till 1965, when it gained full independence from the United Kingdom. Maldives Population is concentrated on the comparatively larger islands of the archipelago in the Indian Ocean. The approximate population of Maldives is 369,031. Of the 1,190 islands forming Maldives only 200 are inhabited and 87 are used as tourist resorts. Maldives Forests cover an area of approximately 30% of the total land area of the island nation. The small coral islands forming the archipelago of Maldives do not have any dense forest cover. One of the best tourists’ attractions of Maldives is the Sultan Park, which is now a public park, built in 16th century, on the southern side of the demolished royal palace grounds in Male. It is a witness to the glory of Slutanate’s era. According to Historians, Maldives has been populated as early as the 4th century BC. It is speculated that the early migrants were from Arabia, eastern Africa and the Indian subcontinent among other places. Today, the Maldivians are a mixed race. Interestingly the flag of Maldives also has a story behind it. The white semi-circle symbolizes Islamic faith. The red color of the flag is the signification of blood sacrificed by the nation’s heroes. The green section of the national flag represents the life source of Maldives that are the palm trees. Maldives is home to the lowest highest point in the world at just 2.3 meters It is illegal to practice any religion but Islam in public Time Difference Maldives is half hours behind India time. Weather and Climate Maldives Weather is influenced by the geographical location of the island nation and the effect of sea breezes. The location of the island in the Equatorial region of the globe makes the weather of Maldives fall under the category of monsoonal type. National carrier (Airlines) Maldives National Carrier is Air Maldives. Currency MVR Languages Spoken The Official languages are Maldivian, Dhivehi and English Electricity Plug Details The electric system is 220-240 Volts – the same as the UK. The plug sockets are usually 3-pin UK type sockets too. In the crystal waters of the Indian Ocean, southeast of India is the archipelago of the Republic of Maldives. It consists of 1,192 coral islands in 26 coral atolls, 200 of which are inhabited by the Maldivian people. There are 80 islands leased to international resorts. The local staple is fish, usually combined with coconut and rice. Capsicum, chills, onions, curry leaves and lemon juice are used in many preparations. Many of the flavors are derived from Kerala and Sri Lanka and are often very spicy and hot. While all the resorts in the Maldives provide a great variety of international food, many with restaurants covering Italian, Japaneses, French and Indian food, eating new dishes can be one of the real pleasures of traveling so read on if you wish to learn more about local Maldivian cuisine. Tuna is the main fish served. Skip-jack tuna, little tunny, frigate tuna and yellow fin tuna are the favourites. Wahoo, Mahi-mahi and big eye scad are also eaten. Fish is prepared in several ways including boiled, smoked, sun dried or processed. Processed tuna, or Maldive fish, is produced in the Maldives and is a staple of Maldivian cuisine. It is also exported, mainly to Sri Lanka. The production process is to cut the fish in a particular way, boil it in water, smoke it and sun-dry it until it is like a piece of wood. With this type of preparation, the fish can be kept without refrigeration for years. Maldive fish is flaked or pounded into small pieces and added to other dishes as flavoring. It is also sometimes used to make the filling for a dough-wrapped pastry eaten as a snack called short eats. Garudiya is a traditional preparation which may be served every day. It is a clear fish broth made with one of the favorite fish. After cleaning, the fish is well cooked in boiling water with salt. It will produce foam on top that is removed and discarded. Chilies, onions and curry leaves may be used to flavor the soup, but usually it is made with fish, salt and water. It is served hot with rice, lemon, onion and chili. If the soup is cooked until all the water is boiled away, a thick, brown paste remains. This is called Rihaakuru and is also a traditional Maldivian dish. It is consumed almost every day in Maldivian homes. In the Maldives, eating raw fish is not in their tradition. Coconuts are used in most Maldivian recipes. They are grated, squeezed for the coconut milk or pressed for coconut oil. Grating takes place on a small stool with an extended serrated blade. The cook sits on the stool and scrapes the coconut meat from the inside of the half shell. To get the milk, the scraped coconut is squeezed after soaking in water. This coconut milk is used in curries, desserts and other dishes. The oil is used for anything deep fried. There are three stages of the development of the coconut that are used in Maldivian cooking. The first stage is called Kurumba. It is tender coconut and the coconut water is taken as a refreshing drink. The custard-like flesh is also eaten. The coconut develops soft, fleshy meat. It is grated or removed with a knife and eaten with coconut honey or as an ingredient of some desserts. It is called Gabulhi. The coconut that is used for cooking is the hard flesh. It is scrapped out of the half shell and added to fish and curries. Coconut milk is made from this flesh. Rice is boiled or ground into flour and there are also tubers used in Maldivian cuisine. Taro, sweet potato, tapioca are used as is breadfruit, which are all eaten boiled. Fruits include pandanus, bananas, mangoes and papaya. Flat bread called roshi is traditional. It is like an Indian chapatti or parotha. It is made with three cups of all-purpose flour, three tablespoons of vegetable oil, one and a half teaspoons of salt and warm water. All the dry ingredients are mixed together and the warm water is slowly added. The dough is kneaded until it is dry and smooth. Small pieces, about the size of a Ping-Pong ball, are rolled out to a flat circle about six inches in diameter. It is cooked on both sides on a hot griddle with no oil. Food & Eating Guide Everyday Recipes Mashuni The most common Maldivian breakfast is Mashuni. It is a smoked tuna dish with coconut. 1 cup diced smoked tuna 1 cup scraped coconut 1 finely chopped onion 1 finely chopped Chinese capsicum Lemon juice and salt to taste Mash together the onions, capsicum, lemon juice and salt. Mix in the tuna until it is well combined and add the coconut. This is eaten with roshi. Sometimes Mashuni is baked inside the roshi. This is called Masroshi. The Roshi is shaped into small balls and flattened by hand. The Mashuni is also formed into small balls and folded into the roshi and shaped into round cakes. This is baked in medium heat until it looks golden brown. The correct use and proportion of spices is important in Maldivian cooking to make sure the right flavor is achieved. The spices not only create the flavor, but also the color, which is just as important. Maldivian food includes curries that came to the islands from South India and Sri Lanka, but the Maldive people made them all their own. Dhon Riha or Maldivian Tuna Curry is a favorite. It is eaten with roshi or rice. Dhon Riha 1 medium size tuna that has been skinned, boned and chopped into chunks of one inch One Fourth tablespoon turmeric powder 1 inch crushed ginger 2 cups thick coconut milk 1 cup thin coconut milk 1 finely sliced onion Half tablespoon cinnamon powder 2 pieces of raw mango skinned Half chili pepper To prepare, blend into a smooth paste one quarter tablespoon turmeric powder, salt and one cup scraped coconut. Mix together one cup of thick coconut milk and one cup of thin coconut milk. Keep another cup of thick coconut milk aside. Mix one half tablespoon cinnamon, one inch of crushed ginger, one finely sliced onion. Put half of this in the coconut milk. Let this boil on low heat. In a separate bowl, mix the coconut paste and the rest of the cinnamon mixture and dip one inch cubes of 500 grams of tuna filet into this mixture. When the coconut milk combination begins to boil add the tuna, seven teaspoons of curry powder, half of a red chili pepper, two pieces of skinned raw mango and salt. Stir while cooking over low heat. When it begins to boil, add the other cup of thick coconut milk and let it cook for three more minutes. The luli Mas The luli Mas is spicy fried fish. It is a very common dish and quick and easy to prepare. Sometimes the ingredients change a bit on different islands 3 tuna steaks about 1/3 inches thick 2 and half tablespoons lonumirus curry powder 2 and half tablespoons tomato paste Half cup oil for frying Start with one third inch thick tuna steaks. Mix to a paste two and a half tablespoons of lonumirus curry powder, a hot chilli curry powder, and two and a half tablespoons of tomato paste. This paste should be rubbed into the tuna steaks and covered with plastic wrap. After half an hour, heat one third to one half cup of coconut or vegetable oil in a pan and arrange the steaks in the oil. Put on the lid and let it cook on low heat until the bottom side is brown. Turn the steaks over and cook until the other side is brown. They should be slightly crispy. This can be served with rice, roshi or vegetables. Breadfruit Breadfruit is used for curries, desserts and short eats. A popular breadfruit curry is Banbukeylu Harisa. Banbukeylu Harisa 1 breadfruit skinned, cored and steamed until very soft One fourth of a smoked tuna thinly sliced 2 chopped onions 1 hot chili pepper One fourth teaspoon ginger paste One fourth teaspoon turmeric powder 1 piece pandan leaf 4 curry leaves 1 tablespoon ghee One small breadfruit is skinned, cored and steamed until it is tender and then mashed. One tablespoon of ghee is heated and a quarter of two chopped onions is added to the ghee along with one piece of pandan leaf, one quarter teaspoon of ginger paste and four curry leaves. This is stir-fried until the onions are golden. Then it is moved to a plate. The remaining onion, one red chili, two teaspoons of salt and two teaspoons of lemon juice are mixed together. Add one quarter thinly sliced smoked tuna to this and then add the breadfruit and mix thoroughly. When it is mixed, add two cups of thick coconut milk and one quarter teaspoon turmeric powder and bring it to a boil on low heat. When it begins to boil, add the fried onion mixture that was set aside. This is served with rice or roshi. The culture of the Maldives is derived from a number of sources, the most important of which is its proximity to the shores of Sri Lanka and South India. The population is mainly Indo-Aryan from the anthropological point of view The language is of Indo-Iranian Sanskrit origin, which points at a later influence from the north of the subcontinent. The Dhivehi language is closely related to Sinhala. According to legends, the kingly dynasty that ruled the country in the past has its origin there. These ancient kings may have brought Buddhism from the subcontinent, but it is not clear. In Sri Lanka, there are similar legends, but it is improbable that the ancient Maldives royals and Buddhism came both from that island, because none of the Sri Lankan chronicles mentions the Maldives. It is unlikely that the ancient chronicles of Sri Lanka would have failed to mention the Maldives, if a branch of its kingdom had extended itself to the Maldives Islands Tipping is very common among travelers visiting the Maldives. Even if you don’t tip, you will not be discriminated against, as tipping is not compulsory. Taxis drivers are not tipped.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28892
__label__wiki	0.597527	0.597527	Home News — Latest News — Tags — Mailing List —— Subscribe —— Unsubscribe Contact Us Login Tri Synergy, an evolutionary approach to software publishing Train Simulator 2015 brings to life the thrill of driving high speed trains on real world routes in incredible detail. Learn to master all kinds of trains, locations and situations as you qualify to be a train driver. Ride the rails of New York’s busiest passenger route, take an alpine adventure from Munich and drive the express service to London in a variety of challenging career scenarios. Spintires™ is an Intel® award winning off-road driving experience designed to challenge the player's driving skill and endurance. Take responsibility of operating large all-terrain Soviet vehicles and venture across the rugged landscapes with only a map and compass to guide you. WRC Powerslide blends the spirit of WRC with the challenges of arcade action. Race against three other opponents on the same stage. They can be driven by AI or your friends in multiplayer mode! Master the skills of drifting, accelerating and braking to achieve victory. Become an emergency pilot and test your skills to their limits, as you sit in the cockpit of an emergency helicopter, across more than 40 challenging missions. Choose from 8 models of 'copter, each varying in size, ability and specs. Fighting forest fires, communication failures, and conducting perilous search and rescue missions are just the start... X Rebirth offers loyal fans and newcomers alike a vast, vivid and extremely detailed universe to explore and master. Varied gameplay elements such as action-packed space combat, detailed trading mechanics and high-speed space exploration with fast travel allow players to experience a truly unique space saga that will keep them hooked for dozens of hours. List of Recent X Rebirth Media Coverage - Interviews with Bernd Posted by Admin on Friday, 08 November 2013 in News X Rebirth launches in one week on November 15th. In light of this, the following is a brief synopsis and link to some of the many informative media segments recently done ahead of launch. 1. PCGamesN - Interview Egosoft on how X Rebirth is rebooting the space genre 11/13/13 In a wide ranging interview with PCGamesN, Bernd gives some insight on the many design decisions that Egosoft made while developing X Rebirth. One segment sure to be of interest is the question of being able to pilot just one ship. As Bernd notes "The reason why there is only one player ship is because it allows us to have epic presentation, the ship is much more detailed than anything we’ve ever done in the past – you can move around inside the ship, you have NPCs that you can hire and that work inside that ship, it has a cockpit with all the real instruments in it... yeah. Maybe we will have more ships in later games, but at the moment there is only one.'' With that said, one wonders if it will be Egosoft or the modding community who will first provide an update to fly other ships. PCGamesN interview with Bernd Lehahn 2. Element Zero - Interview with Bernd Lehahn 10/24/13. Since the 1999 release of X: Beyond the Frontier, Egosoft has garnered a devoted fan base. A number of the writers at Element Zero can be included in this group, and can be considered something of experts in the series, with hundreds of hours logged into the various X Games. In an interview with Bernd Lehahn, they pose a number of insightful questions that hardcore fans will likely find illuminating. Element Zero Interview with Bernd Lehahn 3. Videogamer.com - Gamescom Demo Youtube Video and Interview with Bernd Lehahn 10/28/13 Chris Bratt from Videogamer.com was among the few sites that received access to the Gamescom Demo. Chris, realizing that the short 10 minute demo was predominately showcasing fighting requested an interview with Bernd to talk about the broader goals of X Rebirth. The Youtube segment is another great source of information on X Rebirth that showcases video from the Demo, and B-roll gameplay that provides a diverse look of the X Universe in X Rebirth. 4. IncGamers.com - X Rebirth Q&A with Egosft Director Bernd Lehahn 11/7/2013 Peter Parrish from IncGamers.com is one of the many PC gamers intriguid with X Rebirth. For Sci-Fi fans, the current level of development in the space simulation genre is impressive to say the least. In a recent interview with Bernd, the two discuss a number of gameplay features for X Rebirth, as well as Bernd's thoughts on the space sim "Rennaissance" as gamers eye the development of Star Citizen, Elite:Dangerous, as well as the ongoing success of Eve Online. The segment includes some great images, including some early concept art. Incgamers - X Rebirth Q&A with Bernd 5. EscapistMagazine.com - X Rebirth "Reboot" Sheds Limitations of Legacy 10/29/13 Andy Chalk from the Escapist Magazine talks to Bernd about the motivations for X Rebirth, and how it is indeed a "reboot" of the X series. The two discuss the problems developers at Egosoft had working within the games original design, and why this prompted the development of X Rebirth. Among the more interesting factoids is Egosoft's development of a game engine that could handle the complex 3D pathing they envisioned for the game. The two also discuss the very exciting possibility of X Rebirth heading to the next gen consoles. Escapist Magazine - "Reboot" Sheds Limitations of Legacy 6. Holdtheline.com - Interview with Egosoft(X: Rebirth) 11/1/13 Gilleous from Hold the Line did a follow up interview (Link to First Interview 7/13/13) with Bernd that, among other things, asks what gamers new to the X series frachise can expect, and what changes veterans will see. One of the most important changes for X Rebirth stressed in this conversation is the streamlined UI. X Rebirth can be played using a gamepad alone, and a variety of complex gameplay elements will be managed through the player's hired NPCs. Bernd also provides some additional insight into X Rebirth's game engine (Egosoft actually looked at a number of off-the-shelf engines before deciding none of these were suitable). Hold the Line - Follow-up Interview with Egosoft There are a few more articles in the works, and we will add these as they come out. We hope you found this article useful, and welcome any comments and feedback. For those that wish to purchase X Rebirth visit the Tri Synergy Store, or click below to go directly to the product page for: X Rebirth Limited Edition Box Version - Product Page X Rebirth Download - Product Page New X Rebirth Trailer on Fighting - Contents of Li... Farming Simulator 2013 (PC DVD) - Enhance Your Gam... 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__label__cc	0.631365	0.368635	Posts Tagged ‘Tim Robbins’ CinemaSins Tells You Everything Wrong with the ‘Green Lantern’ Movie in Six Minutes by John Carle, May 29 2013 // 8:00 AM Do you have a friend who picks apart every movie they see? Or maybe that friend is you? Well, let it be known that you aren’t the only one. And let it be known, you can go somewhere doing it. If you have heard of a little site by the name of YouTube, you may want to check out the channel CinemaSins. In about six months, CinemaSins has gained close to 400,000 subscribers and over thirty million views just by being “that guy” who decides to tear apart the hard work of so many creative people. (I kind of want his job.) In this week’s installment, CinemaSins takes a look at what some could consider “low hanging fruit.” Let’s face it, Green Lantern was not a great movie. In fact, it was a pretty bad movie by all stretches of the imagination. And not just for the poor story, poor acting and poor effects…. Actually those are all the reasons it was bad. But CinemaSins helps articulate just what those problems are unlike most of us who are all just so appalled by it that our only response is “It sucks.” Posted in: Comics · DC · DC Entertainment · Movies · News · Reviews · The Internets · Video Tagged: Angela Basset, Blake Lively, CinemaSins, Clancy Brown, dc comics, DC Entertainment, De Line Pictures, Geoffrey Rush, Green Lantern, Mark Strong, Michael Clarke Duncan, Peter Sarsgaard, review, Ryan Reynolds, Tim Robbins, Warner Bros, YouTube Details Announced for ‘Green Lantern’ Blu-Ray Release by Matt Raub, Aug 31 2011 // 8:00 AM For those who weren’t completely burned out on this year’s cornocopia of big-budget super hero flicks, you may have truly enjoyed Warner’s shot at an intergalactic actioner in Green Lantern. There were some mixed emotions about the flick, but overall it was a solid adaptation of the timeless comic protagonist, and only boosted the credibility of rising actors like Ryan Reynolds and Peter Sarsgaard. For those who missed the movie, you’ll get to experience the whole thing for the first time on Blu-Ray in both an extended cut and its original theatrical cut. Here’s the lowdown. “Green Lantern” will be available on Blu-ray 3D Combo Pack, featuring a 3D hi-definition, a hi-definition, a standard definition and a digital copy of the theatrical film, for $40.99, Blu-ray Combo Pack, featuring a hi-definition, a standard definition and a digital copy of the theatrical film, for $35.99 and on single disc DVD for $28.98. The extended cut will be in hi-definition on the Blu-ray 3D Combo Pack and Blu-ray Combo Pack only. Not only will the film be released on Blu-Ray and standard DVD, but the new UltraViolet Digital Copy will be included in the release. Check out details of what’s on the discs after the jump and catch the release on October 14th. Posted in: 3-D · Action · Announcements · Blu-Ray · Comics · DC · DC Entertainment · DVD · Movies · News · Warner Bros Tagged: Blu-Ray, Green Lantern, Peter Sarsgaard, Ryan Reynolds, Tim Robbins, UltraViolet Film Review: ‘Green Lantern’ by Nat Almirall, Jun 18 2011 // 12:12 PM Green Lantern is a comic-book movie that’s ripped straight from the comic book. To some people, that will be a plus, to others a minus; more specifically, those who enjoyed the cartoonyness of The Fantastic Four movies can appreciate it; those who didn’t and want a half-hearted “message” to justify their camp will not. The premise is ridiculous: The Green Lanterns are a gang of buff aliens sworn to protect the 3,600 sectors of the universe. One day a nasty alien called a “Parallax” shows up and starts bumping off the Lanterns, including one Abin Sur, apparently the protector of earth’s sector, who escapes to our planet, mortally wounded. Hal Jordan (Ryan Reynolds) is a test pilot and “man without fear” (fearlessness being a big plus to the Lanterns) who’s chosen by Abin Sur to take up his mantle, or ring, or lantern, or whatever. Soon after Hal’s traveling through the galaxy to the planet Oa, where fish men and talking brick shit-houses explain the origins of the Lanterns. There’s the obligatory scenes of Hal’s cross-training, which introduces us to the power of the Lanterns—basically anything goes so long as it’s green and comes from the ring all Lanterns wear; they can fly, construct objects of any size and shape, and, presumably, whip up some dynamite green eggs and ham. Posted in: Action · Comics · DC · DC Entertainment · Movies · Reviews · Warner Bros Tagged: Angela Basset, Blake Lively, Clancy Brown, dc comics, DC Entertainment, De Line Pictures, Geoffrey Rush, Green Lantern, Mark Strong, Michael Clarke Duncan, Peter Sarsgaard, Ryan Reynolds, Tim Robbins, Warner Bros New, Longer ‘Green Lantern’ TV Spot Arrives by Joe Gillis, Apr 27 2011 // 9:00 AM It’s beginning to smell a lot like Summer so that means one thing (no, not that). It means Summer blockbuster movies will be coming at us in droves over the next few months all vying for your hard-earned entertainment dollar. One of those potential blockbusters in Martin Campbell’s Green Lantern, featuring Ryan Reynolds as Hal Jordan/Green Lantern. If you’ve been keeping up with the TV spots and trailers then you won’t find much that’s necessarily new in this one released today. Instead, the extended TV trailer takes the 90 seconds from the previous trailer and adds more footage to fill in the gaps and add scenes never seen before. It looks pretty darn cool. In addition to Reynolds, Green Lantern also stars Blake Lively, Peter Sarsgaard, Mark Strong, Temuera Morrison, Geoffrey Rush, Tim Robbins, Michael Clarke Duncan and Angela Bassett. Green Lantern hits 2D and 3D theaters on June 17, 2011. Check out the trailer after the jump. Posted in: Movies · News · Trailers · Video · Warner Bros Tagged: Angela Bassett, Blake Lively, Geoffrey Rush, Green Lantern, Mark Strong, Martin Campbell, Michael Clarke Duncan, Peter Sarsgaard, Ryan Reynolds, Temuera Morrison, Tim Robbins New ‘Green Lantern’ Photos Hit the ‘Net by Chris Ullrich, Jul 15 2010 // 4:00 PM No sooner did we get a first look at Ryan Reynolds’ Green Lantern costume then we now have some more photos from the film featuring the man himself, the lovely Blake Lively, Tim Robbins, Angela Bassett, Peter Sarsgaard and a floating ring. These pics (scanned and uploaded by the very nice team at iFanboy) are from the upcoming issue of Entertainment Weekly that had the Ryan Reynolds in costume cover. These new pics give us additional view of Reynolds as Hal Jordan, Blake Lively as Carol Ferris and Tim Robbins as Senator Hammond. Plus, Sarsgaard’s not so healthy looking Hector Hammond and a floating ring of power. Pretty cool. These photos only serve to build fan’s expectations for the film. I know they do for me. Expect more pics and whatnot to surface next week during San Diego Comic-Con. Until then, check out the pics after the break. Posted in: Comics · DC · DC Entertainment · Movies · News Tagged: Blake Lively, Comics, DC, Green Lantern, Martin Campbell, Peter Sarsgaard, Ryan Reynolds, Tim Robbins, Warner Bros Full Synopsis for ‘Green Lantern’ Revealed by Matt Raub, Jun 1 2010 // 8:00 AM So here’s what we know about Green Lantern, the upcoming film from DC and Warner Bros. The story follows Hal Jordan (not Kyle Rayner or John Stewart, as speculated), Mark Strong is playing Sinestro, and Peter Sarsgaard is playing the evil Dr. Hector Hammond. Given those two roles, you would think that the main villain would be one of-if not both of-these two characters, right? Think again. We’re just now getting word from Warner’s official one sheet synopsis of the film that the main villain will be an evil universal force known as “Parallax.” We know this name too, as it’s the creature that inhabits Jordan in the comics, forcing him to go nuts and practically wipe out the rest of the Green Lantern Corps. The film also stars Blake Lively as Carol Ferris, Angela Bassett as Amanda Waller, Taika Waititi (Flight of the Conchords) as Abin Sur, and Tim Robbins as Hammond’s father, Senator Robert Hammond. Check out the full synopsis after the jump, and be sure to check out our coverage this year’s San Diego Comic-Con as we expect plenty more news about the movie and maybe even some scenes too. Posted in: Action · Announcements · Casting · Comedy · Comics · DC · DC Entertainment · Movies · News · Press Releases · Sci-Fi · Warner Bros Tagged: Angela Bassett, Blake Lively, Green Lantern, Mark Strong, Martin Campbell, Peter Sarsgaard, Ryan Reynolds, Sinestro, Taiki Waititi, Tim Robbins Temuera Morrison Is Abin Sur In ‘The Green Lantern’ by Joe Gillis, Mar 15 2010 // 8:45 AM The cast of DC and Warner Bros. upcoming big screen adaptation of Green Lantern, featuring Ryan Reynolds as the titular hero and with Martin Campbell directing, has just grown by two. According to The Hollywood Reporter, Temuera Morrison, best known as Jango Fett from the Star Wars movies, has joined the cast as well as filmmaker-actor Taika Waititi. According to the trade, Morrison will take on the role of Abin Sur, a member of the Green Lantern Corps who gives Hal Jordan his power ring before dying. Waititi will play Hal Jordan’s best friend. They join a cast that, in addition to Reynolds as Jordan, includes Tim Robbins, Blake Lively, Peter Sarsgaard and Mark Strong as Sinestro. With the addition of Morrison, who I’ve been a fan of since his earlier work in Once Were Warriors, Green Lantern looks to be shaping up as quit a film. Even if it’s being filmed in 3D, which may or may not be a good thing, I’m still getting pretty excited to see it when it’s eventualy released. Green Lantern begins filming this week in New Orleans with a release scheduled for June 17, 2011. Posted in: Casting · Comics · DC · Movies · News Tagged: Abin Sur, Blake Lively, Casting, Comics, DC, Green Lantern, Green Lantern Corps, Hal Jordan, Jango Fett, Mark Strong, Martin Campbell, Peter Sarsgaard, Star Wars, Taika Waititi, Temuera Morrison, Tim Robbins, Warner Bros Mark Strong Confirmed As Sinestro In ‘Green Lantern’ by Chris Ullrich, Feb 22 2010 // 9:00 AM It appears the search for Green Lantern‘s arch enemy Sinestro is finally at an end. Amid speculation that is was going to be Jackie Earle Haley and other confirmed casting news about the film, it now looks as if Sherlock Holmes veteran Mark Strong is the clear winner and will definitely be taking on the role — assuming Geoff Johns knows what he’s talking about. According to MTV’s Splashpage, Johns visited the New Orleans set of director Martin Campbell’s Green Lantern, the upcoming DC Comics adaptation starring Ryan Reynolds, and once there decided to let a few details about the project slip out via his Twitter account. “Back from an amazing trip to Green Lantern town a.k.a. New Orleans!” Johns said on Twitter. “Ryan IS Hal. And Mark Strong is going to be a brilliant Sinestro.” Johns also weighed in via Twitter with an opinion about several other key elements of the films including the inclusion of Kilowog, the Guardians, Oa and more. Said Johns: “Kilowog, the Guardians, Oa…all breathtaking,” he surmised. “The age of Green Lantern is upon us!!” It would appear the newly appointed CCO of DC is giving his stamp of approval to the film and also managing to confirm several details for fans everywhere all at the same time. Seeing as how Johns is the man pretty much responsible for putting Green Lantern back on the map and probably had a great deal to do with this feature film adaptation moving forward, his thoughts should go a long way to put fan’s worries about the film’s quality to rest. Personally, I was pulling for Guy Pearce to be cast as Sinestro. Still, Mark Strong could be a great choice. I guess we’ll see soon enough. What do you guys think? Posted in: Action · Casting · Comics · DC · DC Entertainment · Movies · News Tagged: Blake Lively, Casting, Comics, DC, Geoff Johns, Green Lantern, Hal Jordan, Mark Strong, Martin Campbell, Ryan Reynolds, Sinestro, Tim Robbins Tim Robbins Joins The Cast of ‘Green Lantern’ Principle photography for DC and Warner’s newest superhero flick, Green Lantern, starts up this month. With that, we’re expecting to see lots of news on the casting front of the film. On that note, Heat Vision is reporting that Academy Award-winning actor Tim Robbins will be joining the cast. Robbins is set to play Senator Hammond, the father of the film’s villain Hector Hammond, played by Peter Sarsgaard. The role will be mostly supporting, but with a name like Robbins filling the shoes, we can expect it to be longer than 30 seconds. Robbins will join an already hearty cast of Ryan Reynolds, Sarsgaard, Blake Lively, and a rumored Mark Strong as Sinestro. Martin Campbell (Casino Royale) is taking on the task of directing, and he’s already reassured the easily irritable fan community by stating that most of the film will take place off-planet. Last week, some interesting concept art got leaked online, and may have given us a first glimpse of what the rest of the Green Lantern Corps could look like. We’ll be sure to keep you posted as more information on the film comes our way. Posted in: Action · Casting · Comics · DC · DC Entertainment · Movies · News · Sci-Fi · Warner Bros Tagged: Blake Lively, DC Entertainment, Green Lantern, Mark Strong, Martin Campbell, Peter Sarsgaard, Ryan Reynolds, Tim Robbins, Warner Bros	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28901
__label__wiki	0.627914	0.627914	NEWS FROM THE BODY SHOP Beauty isn’t skin deep for British women Lacklustre state of nation’s skincare laid bare in the Nutriganics™ Skin-spiration Report British women are hoarding more than 50 million* redundant skincare products in their bathroom cabinets, according to research released today by The Body Shop® new Nutriganics™ organic skincare range. Despite British women spending an average of £5,940** on skincare products over their lifetime, 55% admitted having a skincare product they have never used and more than three quarters (81%) hang onto two or more skincare products they have no intention of ever using. One in ten (11%) women also admits to owning products that are over four years old. The Nutriganics™ Skin-spiration Report which was commissioned to investigate the skincare routine and habits of British women, also reveals that half of the nation’s women (49%) spend only five minutes or less on their skincare regime per day, with one in 20 (5%) not devoting any time at all to their complexion. From oily to dry, 93% believe they know their skin type and 85% are confident they are using the right products, despite more than two thirds (67%) never having had a skincare assessment. Almost 15% use the same skincare they used as a teenager, while one in ten (10%) women between 45 and 54 years old has been using the same products on their face for more than three decades. Women even admit to sharing products with husbands and boyfriends with almost a third (32%) prone to sharing skin creams and treatments with the men in their lives. Skincare Product Director from The Body Shop International, Stephane Chambran: “This research shows that many women are worryingly unaware of the importance of looking after their skin throughout their lives. While many ladies wouldn’t think twice about going to their hairdresser, having a manicure or dedicating time to their make-up routine, this study reveals that many women have never had a skincare consultation – with almost a fifth (18%) admitting they don’t know what a skin consultation is. “Factors such as age, health, hormones and even the weather can all have an effect on women’s skin, making skin consultations and regular skin check-ups important at whatever time in life. The right skincare regime is just as important to health and beauty as the right bra, shampoo or foundation.” To help the nation face up to their lack of skincare knowledge, The Body Shop is offering free skincare consultations. Available in all stores and online at www.thebodyshop.com, the simple skin care diagnosis will help find a natural solution to meet all skin care needs. Stephane continues, “We realise how daunting it can be to find a new skincare regime, as well how infuriating and costly it can be to try a new product only to find you don’t like it. At The Body Shop we offer complimentary skincare consultations where women can take home free samples to test their effectiveness and with over six ranges, we cover all skin types from teen to post menopause.” The Nutriganics™ range features independently organically certified formulas by ECOCERT and at least 95% of ingredients are of natural origin. The first certified organic range from The Body Shop, Nutriganics™ helps to meet the growing demand for organic skincare ranges with clinically proven results. For further information on the report or case studies please contact Frank PR on Tel: 020 7693 6999 or email bodyshop@frankpr.it THE SKIN-SPIRATION STUDY Survey conducted on 1,886 British women by Tickbox, March / April 2010 · * Calculation of the adult female population of the UK based on Office for National Statistics: Key Population and Vital Statistics 2007 · ** Calculation based on average spend per month (£7.50) x 12 months x average female life expectancy according to ONS (minus 16 years) Posted by Frankinho at 14:34 2 comments: NEWS FROM NPOWER npower teams up with Denise Van Outen to bring urban schools ‘green’ spaces npower launches its Climate Cops Green Fingers competition, as research reveals a quarter of kids spend less than 3 hours a week outside LONDON 19th April 2010 – Denise Van Outen today launches the npower Climate Cops Green Fingers campaign to help primary school children develop ‘greener fingers’ by giving kids in urban schools access to growing spaces. As it launches Climate Cops Green Fingers, npower finds that almost three quarters (72%) of today’s children want to spend more time enjoying themselves outdoors. The average amount of time spent in the garden by our youngsters is just 4 hrs a week. In contrast, their parents spent an average of 12hrs outdoors. Unsurprisingly, nine out of ten parents think they have a better appreciation of nature and the environment than their child as a result. To reverse this trend and help kids understand the science of growing, npower Climate Cops is offering ten urban schools the opportunity to win a growing makeover worth £5,000. The ten winning schools will have an area developed by environmental regeneration charity Groundwork into a ‘greener learning space.’ This could be anything from a window box to a roof allotment, working with even the smallest urban spaces to create something for kids to nurture, grow and learn from. Garden enthusiast and mum-to-be Denise Van Outen comments: “With a baby on the way I’m very aware of how important it is that the younger generation understand how important it is to protect the environment. Getting outdoors and seeing how plants grow is the first step kids can make in learning about nature and how valuable it is. We know kids love being outdoors, but they don’t always get the chance – my own niece and nephews can’t recognise vegetables picked straight from my vegetable garden! That’s why I’m supporting npower’s Climate Cops Green Fingers campaign to help under-7s learn about gardening and growing in the way they learn best - hands on and hands dirty!” npower Climate Cops Green Fingers hopes to transform areas of grey built-up school environments into spaces that allow the children’s eco- imaginations to bloom. As part of npower’s Climate Cops environmental education programme, this living outdoor classroom aims to help pupils learn about energy through the science of gardening in a fun way. For more information, visit www.npower.com/climatecops. For further information, images and interview requests please contact: Frank PR: 020 7693 6995 About npower Climate Cops Green Fingers npower Climate Cops Green Fingers is an inspiring project from npower focusing on bringing the learning of energy to life for four to seven year olds through science. About npower • npower is one of the UK's largest electricity suppliers and has 6.6 million customer accounts across the UK. • npower sponsors the Test Match Series in England, Women's Test Series and the Village Cup. • npower has been awarded platinum status in Business in the Community’s CR Index and is one of twenty-nine companies to have achieved the CommunityMark since its launch. All CommunityMark achievers have been recognised for demonstrating excellence in their holistic and strategic approach to community investment. About Groundwork • Groundwork helps people and organisations make changes in order to create better neighbourhoods, to build job skills and to live and work in a greener way. We operate across England, Wales and Northern Ireland and our charities work on thousands of projects each year. We focus our activity on disadvantaged communities where we can make most difference www.groundwork.org.uk Computer says ‘no’ to Brits Virgin Media report unveils a nation of hot-headed computer users Almost a quarter of impatient Brits (22 per cent) have resorted to buying a new computer rather than dealing with their IT problems according to research released today to mark the launch of the new Virgin Media Digital Home Support Service. With computer users wasting seven hours per month trying to solve their own technical problems, the report shows Britain to be a hotbed of frustrated computer users who regularly rant and rave at their machines. More than 63 per cent admit regularly shouting at their screens, 58 per cent have sworn at their PC or laptop and 20 per cent have even gone so far as to scream at their poorly computers. The research also shows that almost a quarter (23 per cent) risk domestic harmony by blaming a relative or friend for their computer woes. The Virgin Media Digital Home Support Service, which launches across the country today, comes as many Brits reveal they have resorted to physical violence when experiencing computer problems. The service which fixes technical problems with hardware, software and operating systems using the latest cutting edge remote control technology, should help the 27 per cent of Brits who have hit their computer when it doesn’t do what they want it to do, and the five per cent who have vented their aggression by throwing things at their poor machines. Gender Divide With an incredible 45 per cent of computers suffering from the effects of computer viruses, the report also reveals gender specific coping strategies to such problems. While men are more likely to get frustrated and lash out at their computers, the fairer sex are more patient and likely to try clicking buttons and icons to try and resolve a problem (71 per cent) compared to 56 per cent of men. Almost two thirds (65 per cent) of women are more likely to rely on their friends and family to sort out the problem compared to 47 per cent of men. Regional Disparity The research shows that computer users throughout the UK have different coping strategies. People in the South West are the least likely to hit their computers; only 21 per cent have ever struck out at their machine compared to 35 per cent of people in the North East. People from Northern Ireland are the most prone to shouting at their machines (74 per cent) while West Midlanders are the least likely to have an angry outburst (five per cent). More than one in 20 (seven per cent) Welsh people admit to having ripped out the mouse compared to one per cent of the rest of the nation. The most impatient of them all are those in the North East who are the most likely to buy a new computer after experiencing problems (27 per cent), followed by those in the West Midlands (26 per cent) and the North West (25 per cent). Lack of knowledge fuels frustration The Virgin Media report shows that a lack of knowledge is fuelling the frustration. More than a fifth of adults (22 per cent) think their computer knowledge is less than that of a ten year old child with one in 20 (7 per cent) aligning their computer knowledge to that of a five year old. The research also reveals that more than one in twenty (six per cent) under 18s think that a cookie is a biscuit you eat at the computer. Jon James, executive director of broadband at Virgin Media says: “A lack of computer knowledge combined with a lack of easily accessed support is leading to massive consumer frustration. Our research found evidence of customers so frustrated with fixing PC problems, they ended up buying a new PC when only a simple fix was needed. “As customers demand more and more from their PCs and ultrafast broadband; we're launching the UK's best value help service from any ISP, both to help customers get the most out of their PCs and home devices, and to help them fix annoying everyday problems. “With one in ten internet users needing help with a technology problem at any point in time, Virgin Media Digital Home Support offers a comprehensive service exclusive for Virgin Media customers that uses new 'remote control technology to allow specialist technicians to fix 95% of problems remotely and without the need for customers to hang on the phone or wait for a technician to visit.” The Virgin Media Digital Home Support Service will replace the Virgin Media PC Helpline. It offers a significant level of technical help outside the scope of Virgin Media Technical Support and includes assistance for non Virgin Media supplied products. Callers with technical problems will be able to get help on a huge range of hardware, software and operating systems from technical experts. Customers will also be able to chat online to The Digital Home Support team and have problems fixed quickly and conveniently through the use of remote control technology without having to wait for a technician to visit. All Virgin Media broadband customers can download the new Digital Home Support Hub - a free desktop application which is packed with PC healthcheck and optimisation software to help your computer remain protected from viruses and optimised for Virgin Media ultrafast broadband. Costs for Digital Home Support expert help are available on both monthly subscription and one-off fix basis. Subscriptions start at just £6 a month for Single Computer Support1 to £10 for Total Support2. Alternatively, non-subscribers can receive a One off Quick Fix3 for £30 or a One off Big Fix4 for £60. For further information and to download the Digital Home Support Hub, head to www.virginmedia.com/dhs Survey conducted on 2,000 British people by OnePoll, March / April 2010 * According to Virgin Media Radialpoint research based on 50,000 computers Frank PR - 0207 693 699 1. Single Computer Support enables customers to get ongoing help with fixing problems on their main computer whenever they like. 2. Total Support gives customers help on up to 3 computers and all their digital gadgets from printers, cameras, games consoles, PDAs and more. 3. Quick Fix covers help on things like wireless setup and troubleshooting (configuring on one device), Support on software install, peripherals/devices and resolving connection Issues. 4. Big Fix covers things like help on setting a full wireless home network, Virus Removal and full PC Optimization, New PC Setup and File Transfer and Installing or upgrading operating systems. Digital Home Support will assess the issue on the phone - customers can stay on the phone while they complete the fix or swap over to an online chat session. Virgin Media Inc. is listed on the NASDAQ Stock Market and the London Stock Exchange (VMED). For more information, go to www.virginmedia.com. NEWS FROM HOVIS Mums on the Run! Hovis research reveals Britain’s working mums have spent an average of three hours on the go before they get to work British mums are on the go for an average of 3 hours every day before they have even reached work, research from Hovis reveals. Cramming in a range of activities such as ironing, making the bed and styling their children’s hair means that working mums are on the go from the moment they get up, with 60% of women admitting that their day is well underway by 7am, and rarely slows until they go to bed just before 11pm. Indeed, the average working mum uses around 500 calories simply undertaking her pre-work chores and getting the family ready, the equivalent to over one hour on a bike! Alarmingly, despite their action-packed schedule, a quarter of working mums (25%) admit that they regularly forgo breakfast; whilst 59% of those that eat it, spend less than five minutes doing so and 32% don’t even sit down. Despite many missing breakfast themselves, British mums are spending an average of 18 minutes preparing breakfast or lunch for their families before work. It would appear that British mums really don’t have time for themselves, with the average spending just over six minutes on her own make-up in the morning and instead put the family first, spending 28 minutes dressing their children, styling their hair and helping them to clean their teeth. Almost half of mums (48%) cite a lack of time as a reason to skip breakfast, whilst almost one in seven do so to lose weight. Of all the women questioned 86% admitted snacking in the morning in a bid to stave off hunger, with 44% of the snacks they were turning to being unhealthy such as cakes or pastries, crisps , chocolate bars, and biscuits. Hovis nutritionist Lindsey Ormond, warns against the perils of going to work on an empty stomach, saying “With the average mum on the go for 3 hours before work, a healthy, filling breakfast is even more important. Skipping breakfast could mean they are more likely to snack on something unhealthy mid morning in order to keep them going. Many mums do have to keep an eye on the clock in the morning, but factoring in an extra five minutes to eat a couple of slices of wholemeal toast would certainly help power their morning. Not only is wholemeal bread low in fat and sugars, but it is also high in fibre which helps you feel fuller for longer so you may be less likely to reach for those unhealthy snacks.” This research was conducted ahead of the Hovis Wholemeal Breakfast Week which launches on 12th April, fronted by Olympic Cyclist Victoria Pendleton. As a top athlete and having studied nutrition at University, Victoria really understands the importance of breakfast and always makes sure she starts her day with a healthy and filling option. Victoria says “A substantial breakfast is a vital part of my training so I make sure I never skip it. I can't perform at my best either physically or mentally without a good start to the day and I would certainly not be able to achieve my long term training goals. It is easy to forget that rushing around after the family can be a workout in itself. The temptation when working to a busy schedule is to neglect yourself, but my advice would be to make the time for a healthy and filling breakfast like 2 slices of Hovis Wholemeal Toast with a light spreading of peanut butter topped with a sliced banana to help you avoid turning to unhealthy snacks before lunch. For more of my healthy breakfast ideas and further information about Hovis Wholemeal Breakfast Week, log on to www.hovisbakery.co.uk.” · This research was undertaken by 72 Point. Total sample size was 1,000 working mums. · Fieldwork was undertaken between 19th and 22nd March. · The calorie calculations used average values and were based on an average 140lbs female. · The tasks recorded were those done on a typical week day. · All Hovis products are free from artificial preservatives and flavourings. NEWS FROM LONG TALL SALLY Long Tall Sally Launches National Stand Tall Week April 11th – 16th April 2010 Did you know your chances of being in a leadership role increase by 80% if your over 6’0’’? How about the fact that tall women earn 3.5% - 5.5% more per inch than their shorter colleagues? To celebrate this, Long Tall Sally is proud to present National Stand Tall Week – giving tall women across the UK the chance to enjoy their extra column inches after spending years squashed into airplane seats and unable to find well fitting clothes. Running from 11th – 16th April, Long Tall Sally’s National Stand Tall Week gives tall women a reason to celebrate their height. Being tall is to be public – there’s no hiding from a clothing disaster when you’re in full view! But when only 1% of the billion dollar worldwide clothing industry caters for tall women (and you only have to be 5ft 8in to be considered ‘tall’), they have often grown up feeling self conscious in poorly fitted clothes and unable to enjoy fashion and the fun of shopping trips with friends most women take for granted. Long Tall Sally wants to give tall women a reason to stand tall and feel empowered by their height and is here to re-educate women about tall fashion and feeling good about their extra inches! After all, the tall population holds a quarter of the worlds wealth – so it’s about time that tall women were able to enjoy shopping on the high street. Over the course of National Stand Tall Week, Long Tall Sally will be giving back to tall women with a series of customer events in their Manchester and London stores on the 14th and 15th April. Over a glass of champagne, customers can browse the latest collections and will receive 20% off all purchases over the course of the week. Long Tall Sally’s National Stand Tall Week Ambassadors, ex-supermodel Lisa Butcher (6ft and proud) and US-based journalist and preeminent tall expert Arianne Cohen (standing high at 6ft 3”) will also be on hand to impart their knowledge on all things tall, from dressing those extra inches stylishly to anecdotes on how to live the high life. Long Tall Sally’s National Stand Tall Week aims to bring tall women together to celebrate their height and give them a shopping experience fit to dress those extra inches. To sign up and find out more about the events and offers happening during National Stand Tall Week, log onto www.longtallsally.com. For more information surrounding National Stand Tall Week please contact Frank PR on 020 7693 6972 Store events will take place at: 21-25 Chiltern Street, W1U 7PH, London on the 14th April, 5 – 8pm 16 South King street, M2 6DW, Manchester on the 15th April, 5 – 8pm Lisa Butcher and Arianne Cohen are available for interview in the run up to National Stand Tall Week. Arianne Cohen: Most recently seen on the Martha Stewart show in the States, Arianne Cohen is a US-based journalist, broadcaster and author of the best selling 'Tall Book'. She will be flying into the UK exclusively for Long Tall Sally's Stand Tall Week, to share her anecdotes and antidotes to living the high life. Lisa Butcher: Model and former co-presenter of BBC’s What Not To Wear, Lisa Butcher both designs and models a collection for Long Tall Sally – giving her an unparalleled understanding of how fashion really works for tall women. Lisa will be on hand to offer fashion advice and seasonal styling tips to Long Tall Sally customers at these exclusive events, helping women 5ft 8 in over to stop hiding their height and to stand stylishly tall. NEWS FROM DISNEY CHANNEL SELENA GOMEZ LAUNCHES NEW FASHION RANGE ‘Wizards of Waverly Place’ fans can now dress in style Selena Gomez, star of Disney Channel’s ‘Wizards of Waverly Place’, today (7th April 2010) launched a brand new clothing range available exclusively from George at ASDA. Selena, renowned for her own impeccable sense of style, launched the new range of fun and colourful clothing at an exclusive fashion show in London, where she also performed her catchy debut single ‘Naturally’. The ‘Wizards of Waverly Place’ range is aimed at girls, aged 4 to 12 years old, and has been designed to echo Selena’s character, Alex’s, vibrant personality in the hit TV show that is taking the UK by storm. At the launch, Selena Gomez commented, “I am really excited about the new ‘Wizards of Waverly Place’ fashion range and hope that all the fans enjoy being able to imitate Alex’s cool and stylish look in the show!’ Fiona Lambert, George Brand Director, said, “We know that George at ASDA shoppers love ‘Wizards of Waverly Place’ so we were very pleased to be able to bring this new range to all our stores. Our team thoroughly enjoyed designing the range and we hope that all the fans are as pleased with it as we are!” The full fashion range, which includes t-shirts, leggings, dresses and shoes will be sold exclusively in all ASDA stores from the 5th April 2010, priced from £4 to £9.50. Disney Channel and George at ASDA are running a competition for any budding fashion designers to be in with a chance of having their t-shirt design made and then signed by Selena. To be in with a chance of winning, log onto www.george.com (full terms and conditions apply). - ENDS- For further information or images of the range, please contact Frank PR on 0207 693 6955 or email wowp@frankpr.it Disney Channel: The UK’s number one kids’ channel, Disney Channel taps into the world of kids and families with its mix of live-action shows such as Hannah Montana and tailor-made movies like Camp Rock and Wizards of Waverly Place The Movie. All programming is created around a set of values, which help kids navigate the challenges of growing up and encourage them to believe in themselves, follow their dreams and celebrate family. Terms and Conditions: The promoters of this competition are George at Asda, George House, Coventry Road, Lutterworth, Leicestershire, LE17 4XH and Disney Channel UK, a division of The Walt Disney Company Limited, Chiswick Park Building 12, 566 Chiswick High Road, London W4 5AN (collectively the “Promoter”). By entering this competition you (the “you”, “Entrants (s)”) and where applicable your parents/ legal guardians (collectively the “Parent”) accept the following terms and conditions: 1. The competition is open to United Kingdom and Eire residents only, between the age of 6 (six) and 16 (sixteen) years (with the assistance of a Parent) on the closing date of the competition, excluding employees of Promoter or anyone else connected to the competition and/or their immediate family. Entries sent via agents or third parties will not be accepted. Entrants must obtain the bill payer’s permission before going online. 2. PARENTAL CONSENT. Entrants must obtain permission from a Parent before entering this competition and must submit the telephone number and/or email address of the Parent. Promoter reserves the right to invalidate entries if the appropriate authorisation is or was not provided. 3. COMPETITION DATES. The competition starts on 00:01 5th April, 2010 and closes at midnight on 30th April, 2010. Entries submitted after this time will not be accepted. 4. REGISTRATION PROCESS. Entrants must register on or log-in to the Wizards of Waverley Place design a t-shirt competition page (the “Competition Page”) on the www.disneychannel.co.uk website (the “Website”) in order to enter this competition. 5. ENTRY ROUTE. Entries are accepted via Internet: the Competition Page on the Website. Promoter does not accept responsibility for lost, damaged, illegal, illegible, misdirected late entries or verification emails/calls sent by parents but not received by Promoter. 6. COMPETITION ENTRY & SELECTION PROCESS. Entrants must: • Visit the Competition Page on the Website and register on the site if they have not already done so. • Read the instructions on the Website, • Design the t-shirt using the template on the Website (the “Design(s)”). Entries are non-returnable. • Entries received without relevant details will not be accepted and all materials will be destroyed. Following the close of the competition the Promoter will: • View all valid entries will be viewed and shortlisted by Promoter following which • 1 (one) winner (the “Winner”) and 5 (five) runners up (the “Runners Up”) will be selected in accordance with the Judging Criteria. 7. JUDGING CRITERIA. All Designs will be viewed by a team of judges from George at Asda who will then select the Winner and Runners Up. The Winner and Runners Up will be the entrants whose Designs, in the opinion of the judges, demonstrate the greatest originality. The judges shall have the sole and absolute discretion to decide on the award of the prize. 8. PRIZE CONFIRMATION & ACCEPTANCE. The Winner and Runners Up Parents will receive a confirmation message via telephone by 30th May, 2010 and a subsequent follow up email (please see Child Safety notice). The Promoter must receive a positive response from the Parent no later than 15th June 2010. If a positive response is not received within such period or Promoter is unable to contact Entrant(s)/ Parent, the Promoter reserves the right to select alternative Entrants in their absolute discretion and the Promoter shall have no liability in respect of the entry initially selected. If the Entrants drawn declines to/ cannot take part, a further draw will take place until the properly completed entries required are drawn and a positive response is received from the Parent. 9. FIRST PRIZE. There is 1 (one) first prize for the Winner consisting of: 1 (one) t-shirt printed with their Design and signed by Selena Gomez NOTICES/RESTRICTIONS: • Prize fulfilment is subject to availability • Unless otherwise stated in the prize description, winner(s) and prize participants are solely responsible for all additional costs and expenses associated with claiming the prize. • Winner(s) will be required to sign a release form. • Winner(s) may be required to take part in any publicity accompanying or resulting from this promotion. • Prize is not suitable for children under the age of 6 (six). 10. RUNNER UP PRIZES. There are 5 (five) runner up prizes consisting of: 1 (one) x goody bag for each Runner Up, consisting of Wizards of Waverley Place merchandise • Unless otherwise stated in the prize description, winners and prize participants are solely responsible for all additional costs and expenses associated with claiming the prizes. • Runners Up may be required to sign a release form 11. CONTRIBUTION/ FILMING. The winner may be asked to consent to filming a television appearance in relation to the prize (“Contribution”) and in such event the winner shall consent to the recording and/or broadcasting of the Contribution and the winner’s parent or legal guardian on behalf of the winner shall assign to The Walt Disney Company Limited all rights of whatsoever nature including all copyright in respect of the Contribution and grant all further consents or licences necessary to enable the fullest use of the Contribution throughout the universe in perpetuity by any and all means in any and all media, whether now known or hereafter developed, without liability or acknowledgement. 12. COPYRIGHT. By entering this competition you and your Parent hereby (i) confirm you are the owner of the Design (ii) the entry submitted does not knowingly infringe the copyright of any other third party and (iii) assign to The Walt Disney Company Limited (and its affiliates) all rights of whatsoever nature including all copyright in the Design and grant to The Walt Disney Company Limited all further consents or licenses necessary to enable The Walt Disney Company Limited to make the fullest use of the Design throughout the universe in perpetuity by any and all means in any and all media, whether now known or hereafter developed, without liability or acknowledgement to the you. 13. PERSONAL DATA. All personal information about Entrants collected for the purpose of this competition may be shared with other Promoter entities and/or agents to (i) fulfil the prize (ii) enable Promoter to carry out its broadcasting, promotional and marketing activities in relation the competition and, (iii) list the winner(s) on Promoter’s websites. Entrants accept that if they win the competition, the Promoter will have the right, without additional payment or permission, to use their first name, age, town/city of residence and likeness for the purposes of announcing the winner of this competition and for related promotional purposes. 14. WINNERS LIABILITY. Winner(s)/ prize participant(s) take full responsibility for any and all liability, claims, demands or causes of action they may hereafter have for injuries or damages arising in connection with any prize and the use thereof and agree not to sue or make claim against the Promoter for damages or other losses sustained from using any prize. 15. PROMOTER’S LIABILITY. As far as is permitted by law, the Promoter and its associated companies and agents exclude responsibility and all liabilities arising from any postponement, cancellation, delay or changes to the prize details beyond the Promoter’s control and for any act or default of any third party supplier. The receipt by winner(s) of any prize is conditional upon the winner(s) complying with any and all applicable laws, rules and regulations including, without limitation, these Competition Terms and Conditions. Unless otherwise stated in the prize description, winners are solely responsible any additional costs and expenses associated with claiming prizes. 16. PRIZE FULFILLMENT. Promoter may require proof of identity and/or eligibility before releasing prize. All prizes are non transferable. No cash alternative is available for any prize. Prizes may vary. In the unlikely event that a prize should become unavailable, the promoter reserves the right to substitute a prize of equal value. Runners Up should allow 4 (four) weeks from prize acceptance for delivery of the prize. Due to the nature of the First Prize, delivery of prize to the Winner is subject to initial receipt by Promoter of prize from supplier on or around the 15th June Promoter shall make reasonable efforts to deliver the prize to winner(s) within 12 weeks following such date. 20. CHILD SAFETY. In the event that The Walt Disney Company Limited wishes to contact you in connection with a competition entry, it will do so via an email address ending 'disney.com' or by phone (with a follow-up confirmatory message from a 'disney.com' email address). Any communication purporting to be from Disney Channel but using a different email prefix (for example, hotmail.com, yahoo.com) should be treated with suspicion and forwarded to Disney Channel customer services: feedback@disneychannel.co.uk. We advise that you do not act upon or reply to any such third party correspondence unless and until you receive feedback from Disney Channel. If you have any queries or concerns regarding any correspondence purporting to be from Disney Channel please contact feedback@disneychannel.co.uk. 21. CANCELLATION / AMENDMENT. Promoter reserves the right to cancel or amend this competition or these Terms and Conditions at any time without prior notice. Any changes will be published in the competition promotional material and/or in the revised Terms and Conditions 22. OTHER. By taking part in this competition you agree to be bound by these terms and conditions and by the decisions of the Promoter which are final in all matters relating to the competition. No Correspondence will be entered into. The Promoter reserves the right to disqualify any Entrant and/or winner in its absolute discretion for any reason and without notice in accordance with these terms and conditions. Winners List is available from the Website and/or by writing to the following address: Design a T-shirt Competition (George at Asda), Building 12, 566 Chiswick High Road, London W4 5AN UNITED KINGDOM 23. JURISDICTION. This promotion is governed by the laws of England. UK Customer Services for Disney Channel: feedback@disneychannel.co.uk NEWS FROM ALTON TOWERS Alton Towers Resort celebrates 30th birthday with fantabulous 80’s concert Some the of the biggest names in music from the 80’s will celebrate 30 years of the Alton Towers Resort with a spectacular revival concert on 23rd May. Officially launched as a theme park in 1980 with the world famous Corkscrew Rollercoaster, Alton Towers Resort will bring together the decade’s most famous faces in one fantastical event, including a headline set from Rick Astley. Bananarama, Kim Wilde, Midge Ure, Curiosity Killed the Cat, The Christians and The Here and Now Band will all join Rick on the bill to perform their classic hits at the Resort on Sunday 23rd May in a one-off concert. The event is included in the price of a theme park ticket, so visit www.altontowers.com to book. Morwenna Angove, sales and marketing director at the Alton Towers Resort, comments, “As the UK’s number one theme park, reaching our 30th birthday is a momentous occasion. The Corkscrew was an iconic attraction and Europe’s first double loop rollercoaster, so we wanted to mark the birthday with a celebration we could share with our guests, and this concert is the ideal way.” Join in the 80’s fun from 12pm with the acts on stage between 1pm-6pm. Guests can save up to 20 per cent by booking tickets online at www.altontowers.com. Adult tickets are available for £30.40, £23.20 kids, or £21.60 per person for a family of 3, 4, 5 or 6. With so much to do at the Alton Towers Resort, hotel packages are also available so guests can escape for a short break. Prices start from £69.75 based on four people sharing. The Alton Towers Resort will continue its celebrations throughout 2010 with a number of other special events. Visit www.altontowers.com for further announcements! MERLIN ENTERTAINMENTS GROUP is the leading name in location based, family entertainment, and has seen the most successful and dynamic growth of any company in the sector over the last five years. The world’s second largest visitor attraction operator, Merlin has 59 attractions and six hotels/ 2 holiday villages in 13 countries and across 3 continents. The company aims to deliver memorable and rewarding experiences to its 35 million visitors worldwide, through its iconic global and local brands, and the commitment and passion of its managers and 13,500 employees. Merlin Entertainments operates the following attractions – SEA LIFE, Madame Tussauds, LEGOLAND, The Merlin Entertainments London Eye, Dungeons, Gardaland, LEGOLAND Discovery Centres, Alton Towers Resort, Warwick Castle, Thorpe Park, Chessington World of Adventures and Zoo, Underwater Adventures, Heide Park and Earth Explorer. NEWS FROM COMPARETHEMEERKAT.COM Mongooses meet their Waterloo in Aleksandr Orlov’s new advert ‘The Battle of Fearlessness’ Launching on 4th April 2010, ‘The Battle Of Fearlessness’ is Aleksandr Orlov’s next movie following on from ‘Journey of Courageousness’ which was released earlier this year. Telling the second part in Aleksandr’s family history, ‘The Battle of Fearlessness’ recalls the epic clash of meerkats and mongooses, in which Aleksandr’s Great Grandaddy, Vitaly, led a band of meerkats to victory. The new installment has been created by business entrepreneur Aleksandr to remind viewers that his Great Grandaddy did not ‘go through all that’ to give people a cheap deal on their car insurance. Aleksandr has become a popular icon since launching his internet business in January 2009 and now has over 750,000 friends on Facebook and 33,000 Twitter followers. Aleksandr said: “The Battle of Fearlessness is second part in the Orlov Family History Trilogy. It tells story of my Great Granddaddy Vitaly’s victory over Mongis Khan, the evil Mongolian mongoose and his stinky mongoose army. It provokes the question, “did Great Granddaddy Vitaly risk his life to give you cheap deal on your car insurance?” The answer to this question is, of course, “no”.” THE BATTLE OF FEARLESSNESS makes its TV debut on 4th April 2010. For a preview of the new ad, visit www.comparethemeerkat.com. comparethemeerkat.com is cutting edge meerkat comparison website that was launch at the very beginnings of the internet. It is also first ever website to use latest computamabob technologies to make comparing of meerkats more efficient than ever before. comparethemeerkat.com has over 1400 different shaped and sized meerkats to compare. If we can’t find meerkat right for you, I will eat my cravat. Remember, comparethemeerkat.com cannot find you cheap car insurance. All timewasters please go to comparethemarket.com. comparethemarket.com is a trading name of BISL Limited, Pegasus House, Bakewell Road, Orton Southgate, Peterborough, PE2 6YS. Registered in England No. 3231094. BISL Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority. Aleksandr Orlov on your iPhone? - iSimples! Aleksandr Orlov, the billionaire meerkat made famous by his comparison website, comparethemeerkat.com, is launching his first ever iphone application, ‘iSimples!’. In a bid to clear up the confusion between comparethemeerkat.com and comparethemarket.com, the iSimples! ‘voice-in-a-box’ application will give fans an instant dose of Aleksandr. Featuring a variety of bespoke phrases, Aleksandr fans will also be treated to exclusive, never heard before, one-liners such as 'will you marry me', and 'your whiskers are beautiful'! iSimples! also gives fans access to a selection of Aleksandr’s favourite 80’s rock music, to enable them to compose their own Aleksandr mash-up track. Aleksandr Orlov said “Sergei alert me that some peoples has create many unofficials ‘apps’ for ‘iPhone’ that speaks my voice. So I ordered Sergei to create my own official ‘iPhone’ voice box ‘application’. It took him all weekend but ‘iSimples’ is finally ready. But I have made it totally free for download! Since Aleksandr Orlov appeared on our screens in 2009 he has taken the nation by storm, with over 700,000 fans on Facebook and over 30,000 followers on twitter. The iPhone application will be available for free download from the iTunes app store from XXX 2010. ‘iSimples!’ voice-in-the-box features: • Listen to Aleksandr’s famous phrases by pressing different buttons on the soundboard • Ask Aleksandr questions and receive answers through a variety of soundbytes • Create Aleksandr Orlov 80’s rock mash-up track • Understand the difference between meerkats and markets • Learn the English language according to Aleksandr NEWS FROM GLOBAL COOL RIGHT SIDE OF THE TRACKS Rise of the ‘traincation’ as air travel is set to lose its place as Brits’ preferred holiday transport BRITS’ LOVE affair with the plane is over as half (51 per cent) of all holidaymakers are considering swapping air travel for train travel; giving rise to the ‘traincation’. British holidaymakers are tired of travelling by plane as half of plane travellers are put out by time wasted arriving ahead of departure (54 per cent) and queuing (50 per cent), whether it’s for check-in, security, or boarding the aircraft. Climate conscious Brits also want to ‘tread more lightly’. The survey of 1,772 holidaymakers commissioned by the green lifestyle movement Global Cool reveals 83 per cent of holiday travellers wish they could make a more environmentally friendly journey. Time spent in the confines of an airport is better spent taking the scenic route with over two thirds (70 per cent) preferring a more picturesque journey. Fuelled by the popularity of the ‘staycation’, indicated by a 9.3 per cent decline in air travel, and with high-speed rail networks now touching all corners of Europe, rail travel is a more viable travel option with Brits embarking on an increasing number of flight-free holidays, monikered ‘traincations’. Following in the footsteps of our train-mad European counter-parts, total passenger journeys in the UK in 2008-09 increased by 300 million . Much of this movement is borne from evident benefits of train travel such as flexible routes with quick and easy check-in , no lengthy journeys into city centres from out of town airports and a more comfortable experience . Eurostar has played a key role in this trend by bridging the UK to the continent. In its 15 years of operation, it has carried more than a 100 million travellers to the continent, 9.2 million of them in 2009 alone. Mark Smith, the founder of independent train travel website, Seat61.com, comments, “This comes as no surprise to me - visitors to Seat61.com have increased from 4.5m in 2007 to 5.9m in 2008 to 7m in 2009, and the hassle of flying and a desire for more environmentally friendly travel are the most often-quoted reasons for taking the train. They're often mentioned in the same breath!” “Taking the train turns the journey into part of the holiday, a chance to relax, spend time with your family and watch the Swiss Alps or the Rhone villages or the Rhine castles glide past the window with a glass of red in your hand” “’Traincations’ offer a different way to see the world,” comments Caroline Fiennes, Executive Director of Global Cool, “and with a new high-speed rail link to Amsterdam and routes under construction into Spain and Italy, and an expected rule change opening up the UK’s access to European high-speed trains, Brits will be able to enjoy quicker, cheaper, further-reaching ‘traincations’”. GlobalCool.org highlights easy and speedy ways to plan a fantastic ‘traincation’, providing inspiration with an online travel series featuring celebrity ‘traincations’. Rail Europe, Mr & Mrs Smith Hotels and Eurostar have come on board to illustrate the range, ease and quality of ‘traincations’. For more information please contact Frank PR on 0207 693 6959 The research was carried out by TickBox between 27 / 01 / 2010 and 03 / 02 / 2010, with a sample of 1,772 UK holidaymakers Briton’s Top 10 gripes on travelling by aeroplane 1. The amount of time needed to arrive ahead of departure – 54% 2. Airport queues – 50% 3. Limited leg room on planes – 49% 4. Uncomfortable seats – 43% 5. Having to go through lengthy security checks – 33% 6. Hidden travel charges – 33% 7. Getting to the airport – 29% 8. Restricted hand luggage on flights – 26% 9. Boring journey - 24% 10. Horrible food – 22% Global Cool Global Cool is a movement that inspires people to think differently about green lifestyles. Global Cool works with the entertainment and media industries to show people how to live a greener life without compromising on the things they enjoy most. Most recently Global Cool conducted activity at UK music festivals encouraging people to get out of their cars and on to public transport; inspired people to go easy on their home heating during the winter by filming celebrities showcasing how to wear the latest knitwears at home; and worked with Estethica, the eco-sustainable fashion initiative from the British Fashion Council, to conduct activity during London Fashion Week. Global Cool Foundation is a UK-registered charity, number 1116673. Mark Smith is the founder of popular train travel website 'The Man in Seat Sixty-One...' (www.seat61.com), which provides train times, fares and journey information for train travel from the UK to most European countries, and in many countries, worldwide. A career railwayman, Mark was the station manager at Charing Cross and London Bridge railway stations in London in the early 1990s, and until recently head of the Department for Transport's Fares & Ticketing team. He now runs seat61.com full-time. Mr & Mrs Smith Founded in 2003, Mr & Mrs Smith is an in-the-know boutique hotel booking service representing the coolest, sexiest and most intimate places to stay around the globe. Every hotel in the collection is rigorously researched and visited personally by the Smith team, then reviewed anonymously by an array of taste-makers-turned-travel-detectives. Each month, a new collection of hotels is launched online adding to the highly-curated selection of more than 550 boutique hotels, luxury guesthouses and stylish resorts in the United States, Europe, Caribbean, Southeast Asia, Africa, Australia, South America and around the Indian Ocean. Rail Europe is the UK’s leading distributor of European rail tickets and passes. With over 100 years experience we can cater for all your European train travel requirements. Rail Europe can book travel on Eurostar to Paris, Brussels and Lille, and to thousands of destinations on the European rail network. High speed services including the TGV in France and ICE trains in Germany cover long distances in short times, and for even longer journeys, we can also book overnight trains including the Elipsos hotel-train from Paris to Spain and the Artesia from Paris to Italy. If you want to travel with your car, but don't fancy the drive, the AutoTrain service runs from Paris to destinations throughout France. Also available are a number of Rail Passes, including Inter-Rail passes which allow up to one month’s unlimited travel throughout Europe. Rail Europe - 0844 848 4070, www.raileurope.co.uk The Rail Europe Travel Centre, 1 Regent Street, London SW1. 1. Eurostar is the high-speed train service linking St Pancras International, Ebbsfleet International, Ashford International, Paris, Brussels, Lille, Calais, Disneyland Resort Paris, Avignon and the French Alps. 2. Eurostar is a founder member of Railteam, a partnership between Europe’s leading high-speed train operators that is developing simpler ways to book and travel on the fast-expanding, European high-speed rail network. 3. Eurostar and Eurotunnel are entirely separate companies. Eurostar operates high-speed passenger trains, while Eurotunnel operates vehicle shuttle services and the Channel Tunnel itself. Eurostar is Eurotunnel’s biggest customer. 4. For travel information, please visit www.eurostar.com or call our contact centre on 08432 186 186. MEERKAT’S GOT TALENT Aleksandr Orlov interviews media mogul Piers Morgan Aleksandr Orlov, the billionaire meerkat made famous by his comparison website, comparethemeerkat.com has launched his next ‘Meerchat’ podcast, featuring an interview with media mogul and TV star Piers Morgan. The Russian entrepreneur, whose first podcast starring David Hasselhoff rated at number one on iTunes in November 2009, turns the tables on the famous interviewer and Britain’s Got Talent judge. Broadcast from the Orlov Family Mansion, Piers and Aleksandr cover everything from how to cope with fame through to Susan Boyle and literature! The podcast continues to support Aleksandr’s wider campaign to highlight the difference between his own website comparethemeerkat.com and the website for easy car insurance comparethemarket.com. Aleksandr Orlov said “I have this week interview media man Mr Piers Morgan (not to be confuse with Mr Pierce Brosnan, star of James Bond movies and one of my all time hero). Mr Piers Morgan and I made a good chat about business, literature, ‘cricket’, ‘Britain Has The Talent’, and villainy.” Piers Morgan said 'I’ve been the interviewer many times before but rarely the interviewee – but I was curious to see what it would be like to be interviewed by a Russian billionaire meerkat. Aleksandr turned out to be a bit like me, cocky, rude, intrusive and made it all about him.” Meerchat featuring Piers Morgan is available for download on iTunes and comparethemeerkat.com For more information please contact Frank PR on 0207 693 6999 or email comparethemeerkat@frankpr.it · The podcast will be available from 26 March and can be downloaded for free from comparethemeerkat.com and Itunes. · comparethemarket.com is a trading name of BISL Limited, Pegasus House, Bakewell Road, Orton Southgate, Peterborough, PE2 6YS. Registered in England No. 3231094.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28902
__label__cc	0.643502	0.356498	Home » Theatre » Festivals » FUNNY A Trunk Show – Filled With Heart (FRIGID New York 2011) FUNNY A Trunk Show – Filled With Heart (FRIGID New York 2011) by Geoffrey Paddy Johnson on February 26, 2011 Denmo Ibrahim as Mohamed Hosni (Photo by Wesley Cabral) Titling a show FUNNY A Trunk Show is perhaps somewhat daring, if not theatrical wishful thinking. Some people’s funny is other people’s camp. So it’s a good thing that Denmo Ibrahim’s one-woman show, just opened in the FRIGID New York Festival, knows what it is about, and blithely transcends its title. On a minimally furnished stage in the basement level theater at Under St. Marks, Ibrahim appears in character as Mohamed Hosni, corpulent, middle-aged, mustachioed, bespectacled Egyptian American, patiently waiting on line to renew his passport. Arriving on stage with a dour, all-encompassing overcoat and suitcases in either hand, we both see and feel the weight of Mohamed’s life as he inches forward in the imaginary line, sweatily yanking at his collar and fanning himself with a handful of forms. Ibrahim’s mouth pulls down into a sour expression of physical discomfort and her eyes peer out over the audience as Mohamed assesses the people around him. The voice, when it comes, bears no trace of the physical drudge we see. “They might at least put in a fan,” he remarks engagingly to no one in particular, openly ready for conversation. And in seconds Ibrahim has established her character and melted the invisible wall between performer and audience. Mohamed – “call me Mo” – starts to speak, opening up about his experience with the passport office. “Do you know how many times this makes it?” he directs at one audience member. “Go on, guess.” “Guess again.” It is, of course, far too many times. We have all had to endure something like this, so we’re all on Mo’s side, but there does seem to be something exceptional, not right, about the number of times he’s been trying to get his simple passport renewal effected. The play is set in 1983. As his wide-eyed litany of incredulous complaint is interrupted when the passport functionary calls him, we observe what a genial, polite citizen he is, even as more requests for additional forms are passed his way and the indignity of petty bureaucracy rains heavily down on him. Politely he obeys each request, inwardly fuming, but enthusiastically he wants to regale us, his listeners, with the story of his life, emigrating from Egypt with a young wife and a heartful of dreams. Amusingly, openly he gradually unburdens himself to us as the overcoat comes off, the suitcases get stowed, and, eventually, opened. Mo is an absorbing recounter of his own story, comical in his imitation of others, crafty in his observation of details, jubilant in the personal victories his early life has delivered. But as more forms are continually requested his energy wanes, and less salutary chapters emerge – family issues of disappointment, anxiety, and dread. The effortless bonhomie cracks and urgency builds in the quest for the passport. The suitcases he has been carrying his carefully organized paperwork in, hold other things, and subtly the contents are rendered as memories, episodes, individuals. Like most of us Mo is unable to speak the final truth about his own story, but Ibrahim and collaborators have brought off, for all its physical explosiveness, a delicately wrought denouement, which sees him retreating from the stage, wordlessly clutching a suitcase to his chest, his shredded dignity heart-rendingly resonating before us. Obviously a work of great personal passion, and developed over time, Ibrahim’s play offers her an opportunity to shine in characterization of a deeply felt, however comically pitched, performance. There is a fine meshing of the tragic and the comic here, and subtle storytelling gives much to review and digest in aftermath. To call it simply a tour de force would be to sell it short, a bit like finally titling the show FUNNY A Trunk Show. Highly recommended. A trunk show Presented by Denmo Ibrahim San Francisco, CA UNDER St. Marks (94 St. Marks Place) $15 Thu 2/24 @ 9pm, Sat 2/26 @ 5:30pm, Sun 2/27 @ 5:30pm, Tue 3/1 @ 7:30pm, Sat 3/5 @ 1pm, & Sun 3/6 @ 4pm FRIGID New York Festival 2011 – Five Questions For: FUNNY A Trunk Show A Kind Kind Man, So He Says (FRIGID New York 2011) FRIGID New York Festival 2011 – Five Questions For: The Bitter Poet: Looking For Love In All The Wrong Black Box Performance Spaces Paradise Lost, Insight Found (FRIGID New York 2011) Tagged as: Denmo Ibrahim, FRIGID New York Festival 2011, FUNNY A trunk show, Under St. Marks Previous post: FRIGID New York Festival 2011 – Five Questions For: Pretty-n-Papi Next post: We Might Be Experimenting On You – Get Ready (FRIGID New York 2011)	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28905
__label__wiki	0.783513	0.783513	Robert Clague1 Robert Clague was born at Marown, Isle of ManG.1 He married Jane Cannell, daughter of Patrick Cannell and Ellinor Callin, on 14 May 1842 at Kirk Michael, Isle of ManG.1 He died at Poortown, German, Isle of ManG.1 [S125] Richard Glanville-Brown, online <e-mail address>, Richard Glanville-Brown (RR 2, Milton, Ontario, Canada), downloaded 17 August 2005. Andrew Joughin1 Last Edited=17 Aug 2005 Andrew Joughin was born at Jurby, Isle of ManG.1 He married Ann Cannell, daughter of Patrick Cannell and Ellinor Callin, on 22 November 1851 at Kirk Michael, Isle of ManG.1 He died at Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.G.1 William John Cannon1 M, #157263, b. 10 March 1859, d. 17 October 1930 William John Cannon was born on 10 March 1859 at Cooilshallagh, Kirk Michael, Isle of ManG.1 He was the son of John James.1 He married Anna Cannell, daughter of Patrick Cannell and Ann Quirk, on 25 November 1880 at Kirk Michael, Isle of ManG.1 He died on 17 October 1930 at age 71 at Kirk Michael, Isle of ManG.1 Child of William John Cannon and Anna Cannell Elizabeth Ann Cannon1 b. 20 Mar 1881, d. 29 Sep 1962 Elizabeth Ann Cannon1 F, #157264, b. 20 March 1881, d. 29 September 1962 Elizabeth Ann Cannon was born on 20 March 1881 at Kirk Michael, Isle of ManG.1 She was the daughter of William John Cannon and Anna Cannell.1 She died on 29 September 1962 at age 81 at Onchan, Isle of ManG.1 John James1 Child of John James William John Cannon+1 b. 10 Mar 1859, d. 17 Oct 1930 Catherine Elizabeth Quayle1 F, #157266, b. 7 June 1867, d. 8 June 1929 Catherine Elizabeth Quayle was born on 7 June 1867.1 She married Alfred Quirk Cannell, son of Patrick Cannell and Ann Quirk, on 8 November 1893 at Kirk Michael, Isle of ManG.1 She died on 8 June 1929 at age 62 at Kionedroghad, Kirk Michael, Isle of ManG.1 From 8 November 1893, her married name became Cannell.1 Children of Catherine Elizabeth Quayle and Alfred Quirk Cannell Herbert Cannell1 b. 1 Oct 1894, d. 25 Jan 1977 Elizabeth Eleanor Cannell+1 b. 11 Jul 1897 Esther Jane Cannell1 b. 5 Oct 1899 Catherine Laura Adelaid Cannell1 b. 1 Mar 1902, d. 25 Dec 1972 William Cannell1 b. 1904 Anna May Cannell1 b. 9 Feb 1906, d. 11 Feb 1983 John Quayle Cannell1 b. 1908, d. 29 Nov 1949 Florence Cannell1 b. 11 May 1911 Herbert Cannell1 M, #157267, b. 1 October 1894, d. 25 January 1977 Herbert Cannell was born on 1 October 1894 at Kionedroghad, Kirk Michael, Isle of ManG.1 He was the son of Alfred Quirk Cannell and Catherine Elizabeth Quayle.1 He died on 25 January 1977 at age 82 at Kionedroghad, Kirk Michael, Isle of ManG.1 Elizabeth Eleanor Cannell1 F, #157268, b. 11 July 1897 Elizabeth Eleanor Cannell was born on 11 July 1897 at Kionedroghad, Kirk Michael, Isle of ManG.1 She is the daughter of Alfred Quirk Cannell and Catherine Elizabeth Quayle.1 She married Joseph Kelly in 1918.1 Children of Elizabeth Eleanor Cannell and Joseph Kelly Helen Kelly1 b. 14 Apr 1921 Marjorie Kelly+1 b. 14 Apr 1921 Dorothy Kelly1 b. 2 Jun 1923 John Cannell Kelly1 b. 30 Sep 1925 Kathrine Kelly1 b. 19 Mar 1930 Joseph James Kelly1 b. 2 Jan 1940 Esther Jane Cannell1 F, #157269, b. 5 October 1899 Esther Jane Cannell was born on 5 October 1899 at Kionedroghad, Kirk Michael, Isle of ManG.1 She is the daughter of Alfred Quirk Cannell and Catherine Elizabeth Quayle.1 Catherine Laura Adelaid Cannell1 F, #157270, b. 1 March 1902, d. 25 December 1972 Catherine Laura Adelaid Cannell was born on 1 March 1902 at Kionedroghad, Kirk Michael, Isle of ManG.1 She was the daughter of Alfred Quirk Cannell and Catherine Elizabeth Quayle.1 She died on 25 December 1972 at age 70.1	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28907
__label__cc	0.726977	0.273023	Harper's Wish by Krista Ames and Giveaway Title: Harper’s Wish Author: Krista Ames Publisher: Roane Publishing Key Words: Adult, Romance, Contemporary, Sweet, Novella Christmas is supposed to be a joyous time of year, but for Harper Donaldson it’s just another day. Orphaned at an early age, she doesn’t have a single good memory of Christmas. But, when a Santa’s Mailbox mysteriously appears in the lobby of the post office where she works as postmistress, Harper wonders what it could hurt to send her own letter to Santa. Could he bring her the family she’d always wanted? Amazon (UK) Harper peeked at Elsie, curiosity tickling her subconscious.“You always make the bad things sound like no big deal. How do you do that?” “Because it’s not a big deal, sweetie. Not here, anyway. Holly is a good town, with good people willing to help out their fellow neighbor, or postmistress.” Elsie winked and pushed up from the table. She busied herself warming a cup of hot cocoa and handed it to Harper. “Now, I think there’s no better time than the present to write that Santa letter.” She scrounged in a couple of metal desk drawers until she found a blank piece of paper, an envelope, and a pen, placing them in front of Harper. “While you do that, it’s time for me to head home. I have a date with a bowl of homemade beef stew and the Hallmark channel. Something about a lady and a miracle, I think.” After gathering her coat and other things, Elsie hugged Harper from behind, and kissed her cheek. “Enjoy your dinner tonight and make sure to tell Fin and Kaleb hi from this old lady. Squeeze those twins for me, too.” Then, she was gone. Harper stared down at the blank paper, no longer contemplating whether she should do it, but rather, what to actually write down. She needed a miracle at the moment. Could she just ask for that and leave the rest to Santa? Born and raised in Northern Indiana, Krista now resides in Northern Lower Michigan. She is married to a very supportive man who allows her to follow her true passion of writing and never complains when she is pirated away on her computer for hours. He is excellent at bouncing ideas around with and even helps the occasional writers block. He’s also a terrific “in house” editor. Krista is also a mother of 4 ornery children who keep her plenty busy. With an addition of 2 beautiful chocolate lab sisters and a playful kitty, there is never a dull or spare moment in her household. Krista has always loved to read and would often sit up for hours into the night not able to put down a book until she was finished. She still reads when she can but her main focus is creating her own stories to share with the world. She loves to communicate with her readers so please feel free to drop her a line anytime. Krista Ames’ Links: Website Blog Facebook Twitter Goodreads Link for Harper’s Wish on Goodreads: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/19046979-harper-s-wish?from_search=true Winter's Sweet Kiss and Giveaway Key Words: Adult, Romance, Sweet, Contemporary, Historical, Anthology Amazon (Print) Amazon (Kindle Copy) Createspace (Print Only) BEGINNING OF FOREVER By Terri Rochenski Blurb: When Wayne Edwards moves to town, Lillian Douglas experiences stirrings she thought were long dead. Guilt ridden over betraying her deceased husband and the feelings Wayne inspires, Lillian reluctantly lets him in. Secrets of the past – an old promise emerges, but will it threaten their forever? By Shaya Roy Blurb: Newlyweds in an arranged marriage, Naina and Dev go to the mountains of Shimla, India in search of snow. Unfortunately, they find fifteen inches more than they expected. Being snowed in with her husband is not necessarily a bad thing. It gives Naina an excellent excuse to snuggle up to her deep, quiet man, but every time Dev spurns her, a little more of her heart drips away. Melting the ice around her husband’s heart before the snow outside does might take more pride than Naina’s ready to surrender. Melt Excerpt: The silence is oppressive. It weighs down on me, pressing against my eyelids. I want to say something but I’m afraid that if I open my mouth, the only thing that will come out is ‘I love you, why don’t you love me back?’ “I’m sorry.” Dev’s words make my head snap up. I look at him in disbelief. He looks uncomfortable. “I’m sorry,” he repeats. “For…for…being a jerk in the games room.” My heart melts and flows to him. About Shaya Roy Shaya Roy writes romance. She also reads romance. A lot. Although she technically lives in Mumbai, India, she spends a lot more time living in her head, dreaming up fluffy, warm-fuzzy scenes between her characters. The other scenes (the emotional, depressing ones) are directly typed on the computer ;) She also has a background in psychology and an intense fascination with the mind. Her stories tend to have guaranteed HEAs, heroes who’re mad about their heroines and heroines who’re mad right back. Website / Facebook / Twitter ONE IN A MILLION SNOWFLAKES By Michelle Ziegler Blurb: Angela is in love with someone she can never have--her best friend, Rebecca’s older brother. Stranded in the bitter cold after a disastrous blind date with yet another company Christmas party looming, a standing offer from the boss’ nephew gets a little more appealing. Desperation. Not a good sign. Surely when Rebecca rescues her from the blinding snow, she can also convince Angela to just go to the party alone. She can always count on her best friend. That is, as long as she never finds out about Angela’s secret crush. AN UNEXPECTED WREATH By Annabelle Blume Blurb: Stella’s got everything she needs in life: a great job, a beautiful house, and her independence. But on last minute trip to the local Christmas tree lot she finds something, or rather someone, she desperately wants - Grayson. An emergency trip to Target, an unexpected wreath, and a little Christmas magic make the season much brighter. By Lily Carlyle Blurb: Disillusioned by men and her belief that they see her only as an object, Bebe is determined to find a man with money. Her geeky, but unfailingly kind, next-door neighbor James tries to convince her of the possibility of real love, even as she reveals to him the troubled childhood that made her so cynical about relationships. When her mother dashes her hopes for a perfect Christmas, Bebe finds herself turning to James once again, and in the process, learning a lot about herself and the promise their relationship holds. Goodreads Link: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18844487-winter-s-sweet-kiss Group Giveaway: $10 Amazon Gift Card & paperback copy of Winter’s Sweet Kiss Shades of Rose Marketing Social Media Event and Giveaway Dates December 13th – 15th The owners of Shades of Rose Marketing are giving away two $5.00 Amazon Gift Cards. To enter for a chance to win just fill out the Rafflecopter below!	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28912
__label__cc	0.587138	0.412862	Review: Dead Souls, by J. Lincoln Fenn There’s an odd banality to most stories involving deals with the devil. For such a irreverent concept, it’s become rather ho-hum, probably since Dudley Moore met Peter Cook. So, it goes without saying I was skeptical of J. Lincoln Fenn’s Dead Souls. “Oh, look, another modern denizen deals with the devil. Oh boy,” I said, as I opened my review copy. But while Fenn’s concept — selling one’s soul to the devil for a gift/power — may be a well-trod path, her treatment and telling of the tale is anything but. Dead Souls follows Fiona Dunn, a marketing director with trust issues born from a rough childhood. Convinced her boyfriend is cheating on her, Fiona finds herself drinking in a bar, with the literal devil at her shoulder, wheeling and dealing. Naturally, she assumes the man isn’t really the devil, and she wishes for the ability to turn invisible and switch between being corporeal and noncorporeal, at will. While she is able to exploit this power to her benefit in the pages that follow, she is cursed with the standard buyer’s remorse. Her wish is not even the most frivolous or trite. Fiona soon encounters other “dead souls,” and learns that she was not the only skeptic to have struck a deal. Perhaps the most heart breaking is a lesbian who dares the devil to prove himself by making her straight. She is now damned to hell and cursed with a wish she never truly wanted. That’s powerful stuff. The best part of Fiona is how natural and relatable she feels. Fenn’s characterization of her is delightfully muted and despite all that has happened and is happening in her life, she feels so normal. She’s downtrodden, but never given to self pity or moping. Just as she starts to totter too far into either, she reigns herself back in. She’s clever and smart, but in a recognizable way. Fenn doesn’t go out of her way to make her the smartest woman in the room; at the end of the day, she is agonizingly human. Fenn’s devil appears in the form of a mod/hipster, with the unfortunate moniker of “Scratch” — unfortunate because I could only envision him as Mr. Scratch, which is an association I’m not sure if the author intended or not — and a taste for more refined things. Unlike many devils that have appeared in so many stories, Fenn’s is not so easily outsmarted. He’s exactly what you’d expect the devil to be: callous, cunning and undeniably cruel. He’s also savvy to modern times and modern pitfalls, making him every bit the adversary you would hope to find in the embodiment of pure evil and malice. This is especially important as Fiona embarks upon ye standard attempt to “outsmart” the devil. Most soul-selling stories eventually teeter down one of two paths: an act of redemption that saves their soul, or the character well and truly outsmarts the devil. Ms. Fenn is blessedly above this, and her prose takes us down paths unexpected. Most unexpected, though, is Fenn’s command over horrific descriptions. For nearly half the book, I was unsure the book deserved the “horror” category, but when the devil’s plans begin to unfurl, Fenn gleefully displays some of the most gruesome settings and acts I’ve read in awhile. Such is her talent, though, that it never ventures over into grossness for grossness sake. That is, she knows how much is necessary to convey the gravity of the situation, without diving down into the vomit bucket that so many horror authors rely on. In fact, she may have coined a new style which I’m going to call “tasteful macabre.” Dead Souls is a rare gem which manages to take a well-established trope, the selling of one’s soul, and freshens it up with a modern, smart feel. Fiona’s story is, from start to finish, page-turning and heartbreaking. With this book, J. Lincoln Fenn has created in me a permanent fan, which is oddly ironic, given the subject matter. About Jennifer Bosier Writer, gamer, avid reader. Daedric artifact collector. Elitist Colorado native. Rolls lawful neutral. Review: Little Heaven, by Nick Cutter - January 9, 2017 Gift Guide: Best Board Games for Every Gamer - December 9, 2016 Review: Wind River Wrangler, Lindsay McKenna - October 25, 2016 Review: Dead Souls, by J. Lincoln Fenn - September 29, 2016 We Bake Things Bake Off: Quick Bread - September 27, 2016 Review: The Ferryman Institute, by Colin Gigl - September 27, 2016 Resident Evil 4 (PS4) Review - September 26, 2016 We Bake Things Bake Off: Biscotti - September 19, 2016 Review: The Black Monday Murders 2 - September 14, 2016 Review: Lady Killer 2 #2 - September 14, 2016 J. Lincoln Fenn We Bake Things Bake Off: Quick Bread Enjoy National Coffee Day With Some Warm and Tasty Cocktails Review: Assassin’s Creed: The Ezio Collection – An Auspicious Return To Three Iconic Worlds Review: Batman The Telltale Series: Episode 1 Film Review: Tully Review: House of Penance #5	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28920
__label__cc	0.517763	0.482237	Taselak This is a disambiguation page, which lists pages which may be the intended target. If a page link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page. Taselak (Region) - A region on the South Island. Taselak (SI) - A realm on the Fifth South Island, fighting between three realms. Taselak (Fourth SI) - A realm on the Fourth South Island, fought between three realms. First realm defeated. Taselak (SEI) - A realm on the former South-East Island's second version, retroactively considered the Third South Island. Fought between four realms. Taselak (Old SEI) - A realm on the former South-East Island, retroactively considered the Second South Island. Fought between three realms. Second realm defeated on June 1, 2006. Taselak - A realm on the former South-West Island, an island for donating players. Retroactively considered the First South Island. Fought between three realms. Victorious in June 2005. Taselak (SWI) - A realm on the former South-West Island's second version, an island for donating players. Fought between four realms starting July 2005. No one established dominance of the island before it sank. Retrieved from "http://wiki.battlemaster.org/index.php?title=Taselak&oldid=183505"	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28922
__label__cc	0.696088	0.303912	volamnamkinh.top What is a sugar daddy I'm dating a sugar daddy, rich guys meet beauty Your confidentiality is guaranteed on Secret Benefits, no matter what kind of arrangement you are trying to set up. The only awkward part, she says, comes at the date's conclusion, when some of the men can't figure out a graceful way to hand her the cash. Nonetheless, many sugar relationships aren't just a hustle, and some do lead to love. It is ideal for sugar babies and sugar daddies who are looking to find relationships that are mutually beneficial to them. Whether you are a pro at the sugar lifesyle or it is brand new to you, latest site for dating free this sugar daddy website is super easy to use. The 10 Golden Rules Of Sugar Dating (From A Real Life Sugar Baby) She claims that one is a household name in the tech world. Monique, as we'll call her, takes a drag off a Newport Light in the kitchen of an Antioch ranch house with a broken-down car in the driveway. Speaking in sporadic and sometimes not-quite-linear bursts, he admits that he has never had a girlfriend. Review of Sugar Daddy Dating Site Secret Benefits. - Just A Guy Thing You can verify photo to prove you are real or verify income to prove you are rich. The latter bucks the trend for the rest of the country, where the average sugar daddy salary has dropped. Unique features First Date Gift Propose first date gifts to attractive sugar babies to break the ice and see if they are interested. He is such a nice and considerate guy. Yet the power dynamics in sugar relationships are anything but defined. Three years ago, Boston seemed an unlikely sugar daddy. It's a pity that they don't have mobile apps, but the website is mobile-friendly. The Tichelman story cast a tabloid-esque, tawdry light on paid dating. Others like the clarity around the monetary needs of the woman. Of course, these tactics have their place in any power dynamic. Yet Monique eventually found that there was a subtle difference between sugaring and her con work. Sugaring, he says, has changed his life. EstablishedMen is a sugar daddy website that boasts of an extensive membership base of college girls, businessmen, entrepreneurs and others that wish to connect with each other. Whatever it is, sugar dating is on the rise. Veteran Sugar Baby Chelsea told the crowd a cautionary tale of how she once got dumped for having makeup dregs in her sink when her Sugar Daddy came by to visit. He also treated Sarah to a high-end haircut and took her to dinner at Hamano Sushi in the Castro. They became quite close and eventually did have sex. Now she's looking for a mentor for her nascent hangover-prevention business it involves gummy bears. So it is possible to commodify your flirtation, companionship, and attention, if you don't necessarily want to sleep with a potential Daddy. Yet other women see it as nothing but a hustle. If they accept your first date gift, a prospective relationship may be created. Though Lexi would like to find a potential partner on the site, she hasn't met anyone yet whom she considers a match. But I also think that, like in all relationships, you have to practice complete honesty and openness with your partner or partners. Instagrammers hospitalized after diving into extremely toxic lake. So there are a bunch of frustrating policies to wade through on SeekingArrangement. The site is totally free and easy to use, and is mobile-friendly so you can get connected on the go. Browse Newest Profiles Chris's name, like many others in this story, was changed to avoid stigma and Google searches. Once you decide to become a sugar daddy or sugar baby, SugarDaddyMeet is where you want to be. He answers that he hires escorts, too, but that sugar babies are more like real dates. She went on dates with an engineer and a Samsung server specialist in Silicon Valley, but was most intrigued by an intelligent, year-old hospital administrator from San Diego. Sugar babies turn out to be just as mixed a bag as sugar daddies. I m rich. You re hot. The cold mathematics of sugar daddy dating SugarDaddyMeet does not support escorts or prostitution. And if your Sugar Daddy can't deal with that like a grown-up, then he isn't worth his salt. They were soon texting several times a day, and he bought her an iPad and Bebe stilettos. Easy-to-Use Apps Swipe right to like someone. WhatsYourPrice boasts a similarly favorable ratio. But only once you've explicitly discussed your needs, desires, and expectations, and established boundaries and consent. That's why you talk about how you like power to change hands at the outset, when you're defining the terms of your dynamic. Thousands of Real Members Join Daily! There's a huge Sugar Baby community on Tumblr. On average, women are looking for men who make more money, and men are looking for women who are more attractive. Life doesn't have to be hard! 3 Sugar Babies Online Dating Profile Examples As a Silicon Valley firm, we have been in the sugar daddy dating business for over a decade! SugarDaddyMeet is part of a network of affiliated internet dating sites that serve individuals with diverse and varied interests. Sugar dating is on the rise. Rich Guys Meet Beauty How would I ever get to date a person like that? But there's nothing R-rated about frank communication and consent. One of the site reps chalked this up, in part, to some gender-biased language in the first email blast sent out about the event, which was later changed to be more inclusive. This is especially true when the relationship has a transactional nature or a power dynamic built into it. Why Choose GDaddyapp.com If you're a sugar daddy looking for aspiring actresses, models or students, online dating 2nd message this is the site for you. Lots of power-tripping dudes will get turned off by a woman wielding her power in explicit ways. Verified Members No fakes. Boston goes into his divorce proceedings and describes a new woman from SeekingArrangement. San Francisco sex therapists Celeste Hirschman and Danielle Harel say that men on the sites often have lagging self-esteem. We enjoy the feeling of being together. On WhatsYourPrice, girls the company charges a nominal fee on successful bids. That's what made me a good con artist for a lot of years. The concept that drives this one-of-a-kind website has helped it earn a place in leading journals such as Forbes. Online profiles of sugar daddies reveal a spectrum of the stressed, the bored, the insecure, the sexually voracious, and the commitment-averse. As the final proof that she holds her sugar daddies at a bit of an emotional distance, indian dating she refuses to kiss them. They're also usually more relaxed about you having multiple partners. AgeMatch doesn't necessarily promote sugar daddy relationships. Basically, it aims to attract generous men and women who seek an attractive companion while on the trip. This tract of houses is a down-on-its-luck mirror image of the manicured cul-de-sacs of Silicon Valley. More from San Francisco magazine. It's common for women to have regular boyfriends while they date Sugar Daddies, or while they have platonic Sugar Daddies. She offers Boston a nonjudgmental sounding board for matters of the poly-heart. This story was originally published in the November issue of San Francisco magazine. Jolene Parton, an East Bay sex worker, blasted sugaring on the escort site Slixa. It gives you back some power when you're traveling on his dime. 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__label__cc	0.588243	0.411757	Story 5 Penny Dolan http://www.pennydolan.com The school bus shuddered to a stop at the crossroads. “Bye!” she called, jumping down and racing up the narrow lane, her hair swinging untidily behind her. Mum’s battered car wasn’t home and Dad was working over in the far field. So she dropped her bag on the doorstep, and ran straight over to the stable block. It took a moment before she could see the shape of the mare standing there in the warm hay-scented darkness. “Good, good girl,” she said. The mare snickered softly and moved aside to show her. Less than an hour old, the foal lay on the straw, blinking its long lashes. The mare whinnied, lowered her nose and nudged at the small creature. Slowly, awkwardly, the foal struggled up to its feet until it stood there in shy surprise, balanced on four gangly legs. That was when . . . That was when she saw a shimmering rainbow coloured horn and a glowing rainbow key around its neck. “What on earth is that?” she thought to her self. She stared at the funny creature in confusion. It was as if it was calling her. She walked past the mare, who had begun grazing on the hay. Penny reached out and touched the rainbow coloured horn gently . First she felt a tingling feeling next she felt a vibration and then a pull! .Soon she found her self In a portal with loads of magical unicorns flying around her with there big purple wings. They too had shimmering rainbow keys tied around there necks . “What is this magical place?” she thought. Then with a thump she fell to the ground. Looking up, she spotted a little green figure with a pointy hat, curly shoes and a long nose like Pinocchio. Bella, Michael, Ellie, Matthew, Maddie and Kayleigh. "Hello Penny, my name is Magical Henry. Are you okay?" "How do you know my name?" asked Penny. "I know everyone's name because I am magic!" exclaimed Magical Henry. Penny was very surprised but also really happy and excited that she was meeting someone who was magic. "This is yours," said the little green man giving Penny a necklace which sparkled so brightly. The necklace had a magical key on it and rainbows shone out of it. "It's amazing!" said Penny. "I love it! But what do I have to use it for?" "Come with me" replied Magical Henry and he took Penny's hand. Harry, Keely, Lewis and Violet Henry travelled miles and miles with Penny in the stormy and snowy weather to get to the biggest most beautiful palace on the earth. When they finally got there Penny was feeling very thirsty because they had been doing a lot of travelling that day and decided to have a glass of delish cold apple juice when by accident penny drank a magical potion and suddenly turned into a giant unicorn. Henry was excited and nervous at the sight of penny. Luckily inside the cork Henry found some instructions scrunched up at the bottom of the potion pot saying how to turn penny back into a human. Unfortunately they had to fly on Penny`s back all the way to Australia to find pirate George because he had the magical potion which could turn penny back into a human, however pirate George had a SECRETE POWER and if you were to touch pirate George then you would suddenly get cursed… By: Lucy, Archie, Theo, Justina and Otto. The storm raged on with huge waves crashing against the cliffs and sand. Henry was getting dangerously tossed from side to side, but they couldn't give up, they just had to get to Australia to find Pirate George and the magical potion. They landed with a bump onto the golden soft sand, suddenly out of the depths of the gloomy, deep blue seaweedy sea appeared a massive shark the size of a house! Penny and Henry screamed so loudly the whole of Australia heard them. But wait, the shark had something on its back, it looked like a pirate! They had found Pirate George, what a relief. "We need your help!, Penny has been turned into a unicorn and we found a message telling us that you could help!" "You need to find the rusty ghost pirate ship located in the secret cave of doom, there you will have to climb the rigging, carefully avoiding the traps, and then in the crows nest you will find the magic potion to turn Penny back into a girl" Penny and Henry set off at once in search of the 'Cave of Doom'. Both were anxious about what they would find, this was definitely a mission for the brave, what they would find nobody knew...... by Joaquim, Jena, Brooke, Lewis, Marlon and Maddie Penny and Henry saw the fierce pirate George in the distance being dragged away by a shark that was as large as an African Elephant, possibly never to be seen again. Now they were all alone in the deep, dark, blue sea. A sea that looked like it stretched out for eternity. Suddenly something green glinted in the distance. “Henry did you see that?” Penny hid behind her horn, her eyes not being able to look anywhere but the sky “See what?” “That glint in the distance….see there it is again” she was murmuring now, Henry almost couldn’t hear her. Henry made the decision to dive down, the green emerald pulling him in, it was almost like he had no control over his body. Penny wasn’t sure what to do next? Did she follow? Did she dare look at the light? She did Suddenly they were both at the cave, Penny wasn’t even sure how she got there. Henry nudged her “A…a….a…a” “What?” Penny still couldn’t bear to look What Penny couldn’t see was teeth as sharp as daggers, scales as rough as a rhino skin, a head that towered over the entire ocean. “Dragon” Henrys voice was weak and cracked The dragon opened his eye. Penny opened hers. “Ha, Ha Ha….Welcome to the Cave of Doom… I am the riddle dragon” His tongue wrapped around his words like a lizard and a snake. “A riddle dragon?” asked Henry “Yes…. Answer my riddle, you will get your potion, if you do not, you will be my dinner” the dragon looked extremely pleased with himself. Penny did not know how he knew they needed a potion but didn’t want to ask. By Breanna, Abi, Charlotte. Harri Jamie The dragon announced his riddle ...."I want you to find out what sort of a dragon I am. Am I a fire dragon, an ice dragon or a sea dragon? You will find the answer hidden at the bottom of the sea, underneath a magical door. But be careful...there are two magic doors and you need to find the right one. The wrong door will take you to the land of hungry flesh eating dinosaurs. The right door will have the bottle of potion hidden behind it with the answer about what type of dragon I am. So, Penny the unicorn and Magical Henry dived down to the bottom of the sea. The unicorn was so magical that she could breathe under the water without any oxygen. Magical Henry tried to use his magic to make a spell to open the door with the potion hidden behind it. Unfortunately his magic didn't work under the water. All of a sudden, Magical Henry and Penny noticed seaweed floating around, above their heads. The seaweed appeared to be making a picture. They couldn't believe their eyes. The seaweed made a picture of an arrow! The arrow pointed to one of the doors-this had to be the door with the potion hidden behind it!! They peered behind the door to see if it was the right one. They couldn't believe their eyes. There was the bottle of potion but there was no answer to the question about the type of dragon that he was. Penny noticed that a piece of paper was sticking out from the other door-she pulled the piece of paper out and luckily it had the answer to the riddle on it for the dragon. But, as she pulled out the piece of paper, she accidentally opened the other door to the land of the flesh eating dinosaurs...... By Milo, Freya, Owen, Ethan and Natacha “AARGHHHH!” screamed Penny and Magical Henry as they are sucked through the door. SLAM! The door slammed shut behind them. Henry and Penny tentatively raised their heads to gaze into the land of the flesh eating dinosaurs. “Uh… Oh.” Gulped Penny. They slowly got to their feet and looked around. “The door! It’s gone!” Penny spun around. Henry was right. The door had disappeared. There was no way back. “ROAR!” An enormous dinosaur was heading towards them. “RUNNNN!” Penny and Henry ran as fast as they could in the opposite direction. Fortunately the dinosaur gave up on the chase pretty soon, and Henry and Penny slid to a panting halt at the foot of a hill. “That lying dragon! He tricked us into coming here!” cried Penny. “HA, HA, HA! You came here to die!” boomed a voice behind them. It was the dragon. He shot out a taloned foot and made a grab for Penny. Fortunately, Magical Henry managed to pull her out of the way, and shocked into silence, the pair of them ran as fast as they could away. The dragon followed with roars and bursts of flame. “Look! Another door!” cried Penny. Too tired to argue, Henry followed her in the direction of the door. BANG! Penny and Henry threw themselves at the door. “It’s locked!” cried Penny in despair. “What are we going to do now?” Henry gazed at her. Penny understood. There was no escape. They turned slowly toward the dragon. It was their fate. But in those final moments, Penny thought desperately. Suddenly it hit her. “My key! The one you gave me!” Henry stared at her. “Of course! It can open any lock.” Wordlessly, Penny turned and scrabbled at the lock, her fingers fumbling in her haste. But it was too late. With horrible finality, the dragon’s fingers closed around her waist and pulled her up. The dragon had already opened his mouth and thrown her into the air when WHOOSH! A rainbow coloured flash of light shot past her into the dragon’s face. Shielding her eyes from the light, Penny gasped. “It’s my foal! My unicorn foal!” And it was. The tiny horse flew around the dragon’s head, causing it to drop Penny back on the ground. “Quick!” Cried Henry! “The door!” Penny immediately turned the key in the lock, pulling Henry, Penny and the unicorn foal into the portal. “Where are we?” said Penny. “We’re back in the palace! We escaped!” exclaimed Henry. For a couple of minutes they simply celebrated, dancing around the hall. “But now we must send you back!” said Henry, coming to a stop. Penny stared at him. It felt like she had been away for years. “But, but, will I ever see you again?” pleaded Penny. “Of course you will. You just have to look.” Then with a flash, Penny and the foal appeared suddenly back in the stable. It was as if nothing had happened. Penny could hear the car pulling up outside. “Well,” grinned Penny. “That was quite an adventure.” Abigail, Niamh, Owen and Callum Lush	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28929
__label__wiki	0.936543	0.936543	长沙桑拿,长沙夜网,长沙桑拿夜网论坛 Powered by Jufen! post by admin \| \| Closed SpaceX launches first rocket since September explosion LOS ANGELES – A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket blasted off from California on Saturday, marking the company’s first launch since a fireball engulfed a similar rocket on a Florida launch pad more than four months ago. The two-stage rocket lifted off from Vandenberg Air Force Base at 9:54 a.m. carrying a payload of 10 satellites for Iridium Communications Inc., which is replacing its entire global network with 70 next-generation satellites. The satellites were expected to be deployed about an hour after launch. Mission looks good. Started deploying the 10 Iridium satellites. Rocket is stable on the droneship. — Elon Musk (@elonmusk) January 14, 2017 About nine minutes after the rocket blasted off, to cheers from the control room, its jettisoned first stage landed upright on a so-called droneship in the Pacific Ocean south of Vandenberg – part of Spacex’s effort to make boosters reusable. The company has succeeded six times previously with landings on a barge or ashore. READ MORE: SpaceX plan to fuel rockets with people aboard raises eyebrows A camera aboard the first stage gave viewers a you-are-there experience as it returned to Earth, flared landing rockets and made a perfect vertical touchdown on the floating pad. The return to flight is an important step for SpaceX, billionaire Elon Musk’s California-based company that has about 70 launches in line, worth more than $10 billion. In addition to commercial launches, SpaceX ferries supplies to the International Space Station and is developing a Falcon capable of carrying astronauts to the station. Webcast back in about 45 minutes for second stage re-start & deployment of 10 @IridiumComm communication satellites https://t.co/tdni53IviI pic.twitter长沙桑拿/ihek2Wz8Jn — SpaceX (@SpaceX) January 14, 2017 SpaceX officials say they identified all possible causes of the Sept. 1 accident during prelaunch testing at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, and took corrective action. WATCH: SpaceX identifies cause of September accident The accident destroyed the rocket and its payload – a satellite that Facebook wanted to use to spread internet access in Africa – and grounded the Falcon 9 program as an investigation took place. SpaceX announced this month that investigators concluded the accident involved a failure of one of three helium tanks inside the rocket’s second-stage liquid oxygen tank. The investigation involved the Air Force, NASA, the National Transportation Safety Board and the Federal Aviation Administration, which issued a license for the launch. The September accident was the second time a Falcon 9 was destroyed. In June 2015, a Falcon loaded with space station supplies disintegrated shortly after liftoff. SpaceX determined that a support strut broke. READ MORE: Elon Musk reveals bold plans to colonize Mars The 10 satellites launched Saturday are part of McLean, Virginia-based Iridium’s project to replace its existing network of satellites that provide global voice and data communications. The program, called Iridium NEXT, was not only delayed by the SpaceX accident but again most recently as a powerful storm headed into California last weekend. Iridium plans six more Falcon 9 launches, each carrying 10 satellites, as part of a technology upgrade expected to be completed in 2018. SpaceX’s effort to recover Falcon first stages is intended to reduce costs by recycling a major piece of the launch system. The first stage contains tanks for liquid oxygen and kerosene as well as nine engines that power the rocket and payload into space, then separates 2 1/2 minutes into flight as the single-engine second stage ignites and continues on to place payloads in the proper orbit. The first Falcon booster to safely land back on Earth now stands outside the company’s headquarters. 长沙桑拿 « Jean-François Lisée presents new language policies at PQ convention B.C. Parks looks to address overcrowding concerns at Mount Seymour » BC Air Rescue helicopter rescues injured snowmobiler Trump talks easing Russian sanctions, predicts Brexit will be ‘great thing’ Calgary police investigate after dead rabbits found in St. Mary’s Cemetery UPDATED: Heavy rains set to hit B.C.’s south coast Monday Changing attitudes towards homosexuality in hockey an uphill battle: U of A researcher	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28932
__label__wiki	0.707106	0.707106	By Dr. Dinesh I had written about this in Dec 13, 2011 to abolish Octroi in the media. The Romans called them “vectigalia” a tax which was levied primarily on wine and certain articles of food. Many Governments had abolished octroi in municipal councils in the year 1991. Octroi tax is that, its incidence falls largely on the residents of the very city. Nearly a decade has passed since the ongoing tussle between the industries and the municipal corporations states in India either done away with or are into the stages of phasing out octroi. It sees to echo the thought that octroi must be abolished due to its various ill effects including the final distribution price. It is thus imperative to find alternative sources for funding the municipalities. The octroi system, it is often termed to be “obnoxious” “vexatious” “wasteful” and “distorting”. The abolition of Octroi will not only help to attain economies on logistics and warehousing but will also make it a unified market. Octroi should be eliminated. Abolition of Octroi might result in some initial losses; it will be beneficial in the long run. This will not only ease interstate trade and generate more revenue but also impart some degree of uniformity to the tax system. Octroi will further burden the poor people, and make a deep hole in their pockets, as the cost of living in Andaman is too high, due to transportation of commodities from mainland, sugar, edible oil, soaps, plastic goods, leather, textiles and ferrous metals. There is apprehension among traders that unscrupulous elements will import cheap quality goods. The city will suffer as consumers will get poor quality commodities. Port Blair Municipal Council should impose tax only for petroleum products, tobacco, liquor and new vehicles and should exempt octroi for other products, PBMC should amend the regulation, at the earliest possible. Different states have adopted different measures Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan had adopted by the abolition of Octroi. Punjab has done away with the tax completely without introducing any new tax. The Calcuta Municipal Corporation, the loss incurred from the abolition of Octroi was balanced by taking number of measures. In state of Gujrat Octroi was abolished in 2001, with the exception of six cities and later they came to know this was harming the cities where octroi was still being paid. In 2007, the tax was abolished in the remaining cities as well. The then Prime Minister of India, Dr. Manmohan Singh had asked to abolish octroi and even congress General Secretary Rahul Gandhiji had campaigned to abolish octroi by asking traders to send e-mail to his official address and around 9000 e-mails was received. Shri. Bishnu Pada Ray, Member Parliament in Dec 3, 2011 had raised objection and had asked to abolish Octroi as “The islanders are facing problems due to inflation and rising price index”. A Notification of Andaman and Nicobar Gazettee, No. 223, published on 16th December 1999 clearly says that ‘Personal apparel in use and not imported for sale’ and ‘Bonafide personal luggage and household kit that is not imported for sale’ shall be exempted from the levy of Octori, and terminal tax. The trade bandh called on 28th October, 2014 by Andaman Chamber of Commerce and Industry is justified and hopes that Octroi is abolished in Port Blair soon for the benefit of the islanders. By Debkumar Bhadra Never before in the history of Independent India has anyone given such a resounding and mature message of Unity with Inclusion unlike Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi did when he said : The only code of conduct of the Government should be “Sabka Saath Sabka Vikas” [Collective efforts inclusive growth]. The paradigm reverberated in the Honble LG’s address delivered on June 18, 2014 during laying the foundation for a Multipurpose Indoor Stadium at Knappuram village in Wimberly Gunj. Reiterating his commitment of commencing a new college from the academic session (2014-15), the LG said demand to establish Andaman College (ANCOL) in Bambooflat/Wimberly Gunj area is genuine as it will benefit many rural students. He did keep his commitment. Two schools namely : Govt Secondary Senior School (GSSS) Haddo Hindi Medium and GSS Haddo English Medium has been elbowed out/merged with a third school and ANCOL installed in its place on July 26, 2014 by borrowing a school building, a few teachers and a Principal from various schools and institutions and set the ball rolling for ANCOL. But whet ever happened next is a clear departure from the paradigm for governance. A press release carried in the state media said the permanent campus of ANCOL will come up at Chakkargaon. Another release said for identifying a suitable site for the permanent campus of the Andaman College, wide consultation with public representatives, Officers of concerned department, educationists and other stake holder was done. Finding the decision in contrast, the lone Member of Parliament Shri Bishnu Pada Ray publicly objected and distanced himself from the decision. Similar views of dissent have been put forth by Chairperson Zilla Parishad (SA), Miss V K Mariam Bibi and the State President BJP Shri Vishal Jolly. Though rarely seen, elected representatives and their political affiliates, cutting across party lines unequivocally urged the Administration to review its decision and consider Ferrar Gunj tahsil as the site for permanent campus for the proposed ANCOL. Sidelining the requests from public and their elected representatives, a decision is known to have been taken to set-up ANCOL near Port Blair which already has three degree level colleges (JNRM, TGCE & DBRAIT). We have been given to understand that at a brainstorming session, majority voiced in favour of Chakkargaon for ANCOL. How far the effort was transparent or for that matter, the outcome trust worthy, could be judged from the fact that the all important session has been conducted on the day cyclone Hudhud threw life out of gear for the islands. The day was declared a holiday for educational institutions since public transport including ferry services was suspended/cancelled due to safety concerns. Consequently those students hailing from rural areas who could have opined Bambooflat, Ferrar Gunj, Tusonabad or some rural area got selectively excluded from the whole exercise. The bid to rope in students in decision making is welcome, but students are students. If someone from Mayabunder is given a choice, he would opine that the college be situated in the city, may be near Marina Park so that they could spend their spare time chirping with birds under the shade of Casuarina. A patient waiting in que for his turn at a hospital in Rangat, if given a choice will opt to be treated at GB Pant Port Blair. An officer waiting for allotment of residential accommodation would opt Goal Ghar over Chakkargaon. Someone in the social media said, if given an option he would like to see it (ANCOL) at Ghanta Ghar. Jokes apart, it is for sure after ANCOL, the next few generations will not see another college coming up. Therefore such important decision cannot and should not be left to what a particular group says or thinks. If the authorities really feel student’s interest is paramount and uphold it, they need to look beyond the city limits. Let a session be conducted somewhere in the Ferrar Gunj tahsil involving students from Class XI-XII, who would seek admission to ANCOL in the coming years, their views should be taken. I am sure the authorities will get an answer different from what they got from the chosen ones at Haddo. The decision to set up another college is going to have its impact on the entire Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Therefore it ought to be taken at an appropriate level with appropriate representation. Rural areas having land resources and target population also need to be included in development initiatives so that benefits which the city counterpart hitherto enjoy percolate to rural population as well. Least the authorities could do in this regard is to revert to the commitment made by Honble LG during laying the foundation for a Multipurpose Indoor Stadium at Knappuram village in Wimberly Gunj. Let the paradigm set by Govt of India be the guiding force. Sabka Saath Sabka Vikas. By Zubair Ahmed Don't make democracy look so weird and ridiculous. Democracy is a good idea. Don't kill the idea. People, who have been denied a democratic setup and have no say in major policy decisions should not be derided by showing them a kid's version of the great system called democracy. Moreover, the students who participated in this 'version' might mistake it as part of their political science class. In short, 'chosen' voters participated in this exercise, like it happens in banana republics. Now, its of no use discussing 'threadbare' the process adopted to finalize the permanent location of the new college - ANCOL. And, this article doesn't wish to go into the merits and de-merits of both locations, as that is not the real issue. The site at Chakkargaon is very 'beautiful' and enchanting. Its in the proximity of all 'stakeholders'. The set of 'students' and 'faculties' who voted for the location are also undoubtedly credulous. So everything is set. There may be dissenting voices somewhere outside, far far away from those who matters. They are incredulous, naive and are sure to have personal axes to grind. So, in this format of democracy, their voices should not count. Or, they don't at all deserve such an institution. All logic fails when such an institution is placed in a rural milieu. When everything was decided, this preposterous show was just the last nail. Anyway, I still think there is a small space left to express one's opinion. If that too can be sabotaged by staging another futile exercise, its most welcome. The new college was a good idea. Everybody hailed the decision. There was a demand to place the college in South Andaman, so that the notion that Port Blair is Andaman and Nicobar Islands is changed. The idea was also welcomed. No stakeholders expressed any objection to the idea, when the Administrator mentioned it at various platforms. Indeed, it was a welcome idea! A committee with eminent persons chaired by the Chief Secretary was constituted. Consensus was reached on the location of the college. The majority report was shunted and a fresh two-member committee was constituted and a single member minority report has been finally accepted. The site at Chakkargaon is no doubt, a very beautiful and apt location for anything - a mall, housing complex, entertainment hub or any other commercial activity. And, it is indeed suitable for an educational institution too. Nobody objects to that. Like, the same 'stakeholders' if given an option to select between Haddo and Chakkargaon will undoubtedly vote for Haddo. Why the new college should be placed in a rural milieu is not to make it a second-grade college, as the students who could not make it into JNRM were accommodated in the new college for obvious reasons. So, the question of upper-hand or competition can be over-ruled. There are hundreds of students studying in Class X to XII in various schools in South Andaman, who are also the real stakeholders, who might need to decide to join a college in the coming years. Why they are not part of the 'democratic process' is quite incomprehensible. When there was sufficient time to decide, we kept procrastinating, and when there is no time to decide, major decisions are taken, and 'stakeholders' are left with no choice! Since many years, we have been missing opportunities one after another. Post tsunami, the Islands got an opportunity to plan and utilize the available resources including land. All the permanent tsunami shelters were placed inside Port Blair and in a very beautiful location in Bambooflat. The beneficiaries were actually from Nicobar and Katchal. They would not have resisted any move, if they had been rehabilitated in N&M Andaman District. Prime land, that too in the commercial hub of Port Blair and surrounding areas were used for the shelters. And, we kept lamenting when we missed NIT due to lack of land that too inside Port Blair. Most of the prime commercial space in the capital city is occupied by Government buildings. On both sides of the road, archaic govt offices greet the tourists, and we harp about a beautiful city. And, residential quarters are being built in Goal Ghar! And we again rue about lack of revenue land for commercial activities. When we could not pan our vision beyond the radius of 25 kms, how can we expect to have holistic development from Campbell Bay to Diglipur? The decision has been taken and let it be. Lack of vision or shortsightedness of policy makers are a bane of the Islands. Nobody thinks beyond a two or three year frame. Not a single development was result of long term planning. Quick-fix band-aid solutions to searing problems add to the woes. Post Script: In the 70s, approximately 300 Nicobari tribal families were uprooted from Car Nicobar and settled in an hamlet in Little Andaman called Harminder Bay. The raison detre was quite interesting. The Admn set on the mission after it felt that the population of Car Nicobar Island had grown to 10000 living in an area of 49 sq miles, which might pose serious space problem for plantations. Its forty years now. Population in Car Nicobar might have increased manifold, but it hasn't reached an alarming proportion demanding decongestion. Is it true about Port Blair? ‘Smoking’ in films will continue, for now! Is A&N Islands only about Environment, Forests, Wildlife, Endemic Flora, Fauna and Tribes? Democracy versus Hypocrisy	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28945
__label__wiki	0.633854	0.633854	Trace: the_eleased_key_to_pg_lineage_discove_ed the_eleased_key_to_pg_lineage_discove_ed 리니지 is a well-liked massively multiplayer on-line part-playing game (MMORPG) that was 1st released on November 23, 1999 by NCsoft. The greatest part for competitive people is its MMORPG characteristics (that is huge multiplayer on the internet part-playing game, for the non-gamers!). I bear in mind an MMO I verify out on the Computer a extended time ago and there was a lot of folks playing it at the very same time, which was sort of a weird experience, given that a lot of seasoned players had legendaries. 리니지 provides Group Quest and Celebration Quest - this can be 1 of the most useful and thrilling experiences that any player can take advantage of by means of any server they are playing on. 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Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 134217728 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 72 bytes) in /var/sites/a/awesomething.co.uk/public_html/learn/lib/plugins/authplain/auth.php on line 339	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28949
__label__cc	0.651123	0.348877	1 ..2 Nord Stream 2 Files Appeal Against the Decision of the Danish Energy Agency On 17 April 2019 Nord Stream 2 filed an appeal against the 26 March decision of the Danish Energy Agency (DEA) related to the North-western permit application requesting the company to investigate and submit an environmental impact assessment (EIA), accompanied by a permit application, for a route south-east of Bornholm (the “Decision”) to the Danish Energy Board of Appeal. Keyword tags: Construction, Energy, EU – CIS, Gas, Russia Vana Tallinn Wild Spices named Estonia’s best alcoholic drink AS Liviko’s legendary liqueur Vana Tallinn has been voted the best alcoholic drink in the Estonian Food Awards 2019 for its fiery new incarnation Vana Tallinn Wild Spices. New mayor elected in Jekabpils, prompting resignation of vice-mayor Jekabpils vice mayor Aivars Kraps (Honor to Serve Our Latvia, GKML) was today elected the eastern Latvian city’s new mayor, prompting a resignation of former mayor Raivis Ragainis’ (Green Party of Latvia) deputy Liga Klavina (Green Party of Latvia), the local authority informed LETA. Estonia: In March, the volume of industrial production was greater than a year ago According to Statistics Estonia, in March 2019, the production of industrial enterprises increased by 2% compared to March 2018. Production increased in manufacturing, but decreased in energy and mining. Solitaire Starts Laying the Nord Stream 2 Pipeline in Russian Waters Today pipelay vessel Solitaire started laying the first line of the Nord Stream 2 twin gas pipeline in Russian waters. Solitaire will spend about a month constructing one of the two approximately 100-kilometres-long sections in the Russian territorial sea. Latvia: Flash estimate shows that GDP rose by 2.8% in Q1 2019 Flash estimate of the Central Statistical Bureau (CSB) shows that, in the 1st quarter of 2019, compared to the 1st quarter of 2018, gross domestic product (GDP) value increased by 2.8 % (according to seasonally and calendar non-adjusted data). Latvia: In March, retail trade turnover grew by 4.3% Calendar adjusted data (at constant prices) compiled by the Central Statistical Bureau (CSB) show that in March 2019, compared to March 2018, the total retail trade turnover rose by 4.3 %. Turnover of retail trade in food products grew by 0.3%, in non-food products (except for retail sale of automotive fuel) by 8.3%, and turnover of retail sale of automotive fuel by 2.8%.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28951
__label__wiki	0.878403	0.878403	Lawsuit over Pohakuloa, election day voter registration passes, Legislature passes $12.1B budget, HECO told to lower electric rates, 8% raises for Honolulu officials, Turtle Bay money delayed, no more sex with prostitutes, Supreme Court ponders records retention, public hospitals face cuts, Kauai town goes styrofoam-free, more news from all the Hawaiian Islands Pohakuloa Training Area © 2014 All Hawaii News Two Hawaii Island residents are suing the state Department of Land and Natural Resources and its director, William Aila, for allegedly failing to protect trust lands at Pohakuloa Training Area. Tribune-Herald. Hawaii lawmakers passed a bill Tuesday that will allow voters to register at polling places on the same day they vote. Associated Press. Hawaii lawmakers have passed a bill that will end an unusual exemption in state law that allowed police to have sex with prostitutes. Star-Advertiser. The Hawaii Legislature on Tuesday approved a $12.1 billion state budget that reduces spending to reflect lower revenue and wrapped up work on hundreds of bills as the session drew near its close. Associated Press. Both houses of the Legislature overwhelmingly approved the State Budget today which was less than what the Governor asked for but more for some state departments, including public schools and the University of Hawai’i system. Hawaii Public Radio. Public hospitals to cut services to make up $48M shortfall. The financially struggling 12-member system, which acts as the safety net for communities where medical care is lacking, had hoped for legislation to partner with or be purchased by a local nonprofit provider such as Hawaii Pacific Health, The Queen's Health Systems or Kaiser Permanente Hawaii. Star-Advertiser. Hawaii lawmakers are making kindergarten mandatory for children starting in the fall. Star-Advertiser. The House approved a bill Tuesday (SB 2768) that compels children who turn 5 years old before July 31 of a school year to attend kindergarten. Associated Press. Hawaii’s counties will receive a total of $10 million more in annual hotel tax revenue under a plan state lawmakers have approved. Associated Press. The state Senate voted Tuesday to confirm state Rep. Jessica Wooley as director of the state Office of Environmental Quality Control, finding the attorney and environmental advocate qualified and capable for the post. Star-Advertiser. A flurry of final votes as lawmakers also weighed in on an important political nomination. KITV 4's Paul Drewes spent all day in the Senate and has the latest from the state capitol. The state Public Utilities Commission on Tuesday ordered Hawaiian Electric Co. to reduce energy costs and accommodate more solar power and other renewable energy on the grid. Hawaiian Electric must submit its plans for carrying out the orders within four months, said Michael Champley, one of three commissioners who announced the orders with Gov. Neil Abercrombie. Associated Press. The Public Utilities Commission sent a strong message to Hawaiian Electric Companies Tuesday, saying the company is not moving fast enough to lower utility rates and connect more photovoltaic systems into the grid. Backed by the governor, the commission laid out an action plan on what the goals should be for the utility company. KHON2. A handful of reporters gathered in Gov. Neil Abercrombie's Ceremonial Room on Tuesday morning awaiting an announcement about four major energy policy decisions and taking bets on what they would be. Abercrombie soon took the podium, flanked by the three leaders of the Public Utilities Commission, and announced that Hawaii has "turned the corner" in its shift to renewable energy. Civil Beat. State Rep. Jessica Wooley will head the Office of Environmental Quality Control and Brian Tamamoto will serve on the Hawaii Community Development Authority despite last-minute objections from some lawmakers. Civil Beat. The Center for Food Safety is a well-funded nonprofit that spends millions of dollars on litigation, community outreach and politics to support organic and sustainable agricultural practices. It opposes GMOs, pesticides and other technologies that it worries might be harmful to humans or the environment. Civil Beat. Former Honolulu Mayor Mufi Hannemann publicly announced at the end of last week that he will indeed run for governor again this year. But unlike his last two runs for public office, when he suffered crushing defeats in Democratic Party primaries, this time Hannemann says he’s running as an “Independent.” Civil Beat. On Tap at the Hawaii Legislature: April 30. A selective list of bills, resolutions, hearings, briefings, meetings and events for Wednesday at the state Capitol. Civil Beat. Uncertain about whether they have the votes, state House leaders have put off a decision on whether to finance $40 million in bond money for a conservation easement at Turtle Bay Resort until Thursday, the last day of session. Star-Advertiser. The Honolulu Salary Commission voted 5-1 Tuesday to give the mayor, City Council members and most city department heads raises of 8 percent next year. Star-Advertiser. University of Hawaii-Manoa Chancellor Tom Apple is proposing to eliminate six to eight mostly-vacant dean and director positions and consolidate departments to save more than $1 million a year. Hawaii News Now. Honolulu's housing market is becoming even more expensive, and recruiters say that the high cost of living here is a major hurdle in attracting employees. Pacific Business News. Some of Honolulu's homeless are moving off the streets and into secluded tree houses. Hawaii News Now. Outrigger Enterprises Group plans to cap off its Waikiki Beach Project with another $100 million investment, which would add meeting space and a 350-foot hotel tower to the Outrigger Reef on the Beach. Star-Advertiser. More than a decade after Geoffrey Molfino bought — and sold — a 49-acre parcel of Hawaii Island land, the case he brought against the county for allegedly failing to maintain accurate records was heard before the state’s highest court. In an unusual move — for the first time on record — the Supreme Court justices met in West Hawaii, in a courtroom convened in the Kealakehe High School gym, to allow Molfino’s attorney, Peter Esser, and Deputy Corporation Counsel Laureen Martin to make their oral arguments. West Hawaii Today. A state Senate bill seeking funds for a proposed flight-training center at Hilo International Airport was deferred last week. The state House of Representatives passed SB 3092 earlier this month, but the measure did not make it out of conference committees last week. Tribune-Herald. The leases for three Banyan Drive properties will expire next year, leaving hotel operators and residents little certainty about their future. Tribune-Herald. Big Island minister Roger Christie learned his legal fate Monday, and his case has invigorated lawmakers and advocates who believe, as Christie does, that marijuana should be made legal. Christie was held for 3 years and 9 months in Hawaii’s Federal Detention Center without bail and or a trial on charges related to growing and distributing marijuana. Hawaii Reporter. A recent study tested five Maui Meadows residences that had opted to install smart meters in 2012 and found that the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the devices is not enough to present a hazard to residents in the area. Maui News. Despite not getting the share of the hotel room tax he anticipated, Maui County Mayor Alan Arakawa told council members Monday that he doesn't want to increase property taxes, as there are other ways the county can make up for lost revenue. Maui News. Maui County Council's Budget and Finance Committee Chairman Mike White wants to cut current property tax rates by 3.1 percent as well as maintain rates for trash collection fees, reduce county overtime pay and eliminate any new county positions. Maui News. Styrofoam free. Kilauea takes big step to become even more green friendly. Garden Island. County officials across the state may have to wait a little longer to get more of their share of tax revenues charged to most visitor accommodations throughout the state. Garden Island. Labels: elections, electricity, Hawaii Legislature, hospitals, hotels, Jessica Wooley, Pohakuloa Training Area, taxes, transient accommodations tax RIMPAC heading to Hawaii, Lingle chairs Djou campaign, Maui to lower property taxes, pot minister gets 5 years, hotel tax downsized, Kauai to make ballot initiatives harder, hospital privatization fails, Hawaii County mulls raises, more news from all the Hawaiian Islands RIMPAC 2012 courtesy U.S. Navy Twenty-three nations, about 40 ships, six submarines, hundreds of aircraft and 25,000 people are participating in this year's Rim of the Pacific war games in and around Hawaii June 26 to Aug. 1, the Navy said. Details until now have been few, but Navy officials released some of the specifics of this summer's iteration of the world's largest international maritime exercise. Star-Advertiser. The state's four mayors and County Council leaders failed in their full-court press to get the state Legislature to lift the cap on their share of hotel room tax revenues Friday, but they walked away with $10 million more for their troubles. Star-Advertiser. A bill that would have authorized Hawaii’s semipublic hospitals to work with private partners won’t become law this year. Senate Bill 3064, sponsored by Sen. Josh Green, D-Kona, Ka‘u, died late Friday night, when officials failed to release it. West Hawaii Today. A bill to name the ukulele the official state musical instrument stalled and died last week in conference committee because both houses could not reach an agreement. But there is still hope for passage of another measure that could do the same thing before the session adjourns Thursday. Hawaii Public Radio. State lawmakers advanced a proposal on Friday to increase the state’s minimum wage to $10.10 an hour by January 2018. Maui Now. Jessica Wooley, chairwoman of the House Agriculture committee whom Abercrombie has appointed director of the Office of Environmental Quality Control, faces opposition from key legislators in the Hawaii state Senate. So does Brian Tamamoto, appointed to serve on the Hawaii Community Development Authority. Civil Beat. Hawaii environmental groups have launched a campaign to pressure state Senators to confirm House Agriculture Chair Jessica Wooley as the governor’s Director of the Office of Environmental Quality Control. Hawaii Reporter. A $500,000 pesticide subsidy aimed at combating the coffee berry borer has made it through its last round of negotiations and is scheduled today for a final vote in the state Legislature. Tribune-Herald. A cap on the salary Hawaii pays its schools superintendent would get a boost for the first time in 13 years under a bill — initially presumed dead for this session — lawmakers advanced out of conference committee Monday afternoon. Star-Advertiser. A bill that would have made it easier for residents of high-rise apartment buildings and renters to switch to solar was killed in conference committee on Friday. Senate Bill 2934 was a priority piece of legislation for clean-energy advocates. The measure would have allowed residents without roof space or those living in areas where Hawaiian Electric Co.’s electric grid can’t accommodate any more solar to still take advantage of solar energy. Civil Beat. Hawaii ranks in the top 10 in the United States for solar energy with both Hawaiian Electric Co. and the Kauai Island Utility Cooperative recognized for being leaders on both the solar megawatts rankings and the solar watts-per-customer rankings, according to a new report released Monday. Pacific Business News. A state board has issued new rules for solar panel installation that will require journeyman electricians to do more of the work, which is expected to raise the cost of installing the systems. Associated Press. Hawaii legislators will vote on a bill today that will make it a felony to post a photograph of an individual in the nude without their permission. Tribune-Herald. Lingle © 2014 All Hawaii News Former two-term Hawaii Gov. Linda Lingle is chairing Charles Djou’s campaign for Congress, the Republican candidate announced Monday. Civil Beat. State Rep. Mark Takai has a status that no other candidate in the Democratic primary for Hawaii’s 1st Congressional District can match. Takai is a combat veteran. Civil Beat. There were 760 fewer visitors arriving in Hawaii each day in the first quarter of 2014 compared with a year earlier, and those who came spent a dollar less per day, as the tourism industry continued to lag behind last year's record numbers. Star-Advertiser. The US Department of Education released a report on high school graduation rates across the country for 2012 on Monday. For the first time ever, the rate hit 80%. Hawaii beat the national average at 82%. Hawaii News Now. State roundup for April 29. Associated Press. The company contracted to oversee various construction projects at the University of Hawaii is suing the school for more than $4.6 million over complications related to two projects, including $2.8 million for costly delays to the brand-new UH Manoa Campus Center. Civil Beat. Detractors have called it unaffordable housing, but a planned second tower of the 801 South St. condominium project in Kakaako has attracted an overwhelming number of buyers with moderate incomes. Star-Advertiser. An undercover sting at a Keeaumoku massage parlor could wind up backfiring on Honolulu Police. Police arrested a 41-year-old woman at the VIP Lounge for prostitution back in February but only after the vice officer said he engaged in sexual activity with the woman. Hawaii News Now. The state has agreed to settle three alleged abuse cases against Kipapa Elementary School employees for a total of $190,000. Star-Advertiser. Six county department heads and three deputy directors will get 5 percent raises July 1, but heftier pay hikes for the County Council, mayor and top managers are less certain, following action Monday by the county Salary Commission. West Hawaii Today. A Big Island man who openly used his ministry to promote marijuana use has been sentenced to five years in federal prison for having 300 pot plants as part of a distribution ring. Associated Press. The wife of a Hilo man who was sentenced Monday to five years in federal prison for having 284 marijuana plants called his sentence — and hers — “disappointing." Sherryanne “Share” Christie, the wife of Roger Christie, received a 27-month prison sentence for her role in what prosecutors described as a drug distribution ring. Tribune-Herald. Bids to complete the Mamalahoa bypass came in slightly higher than Hawaii County officials had estimated they would. But bids for the second half of the project, building a new intersection at the Napoopoo Road junction with Mamalahoa Highway, came in slightly lower than estimates. West Hawaii Today. Pohakuloa Training Area could see upgrades, including a runway capable of handling large air transports, under a bill aimed at enhancing the U.S. military’s operations in the Pacific region. Tribune-Herald. Budget and Finance Committee Chair Mike White today announced a proposed average 9% reduction to real property tax rates for the fiscal year 2015 budget. Maui Now. As the costs of long-term care for seniors continue to climb, especially in nursing homes and assisted living facilities, officials with Maui agencies that deal with aging suggest senior residents take more preventative measures. Maui News. In the future, amending the Kauai County Charter via a citizen’s petition could be more difficult. On Monday, the County of Kauai Charter Review Commission discussed, and later deferred for one month, a proposal that would quadruple the number of signatures required to petition an amendment to the charter from 5 to 20 percent of registered voters. Garden Island. Kauai Island Utility Cooperative was honored Monday by the Solar Electric Power Association as one of the nation’s Top 10 utilities for its delivery of solar energy. Garden Island. Labels: former Gov. Linda Lingle, former U.S. Rep. Charles Djou, Hawaii Legislature, Jessica Wooley, Mark Takai, military, RIMPAC, taxes, U.S. Navy, ukulele, University of Hawaii No aloha for ukulele, GMO fervor brings campaign cash, final week for Hawaii Legislature, election day voter registration advances, Pohakuloa could get military money, Maui airport improvements bring runway closure, more news from all the Hawaiian Islands Ukulele player in Merrie Monarch parade © 2014 All Hawaii News Sorry, ukulele. Hawaii won’t spurn the steel guitar to sound its love for you. Bills in the state Legislature that would’ve declared the friendly little guitar the official instrument of Hawaii both died near the end of the legislative session. Associated Press. Hawaii lawmakers are heading into the last week of the 2014 Legislative session, preparing to clear the decks on hundreds of bills before the action ends Thursday. Associated Press. Chad Blair: Why I Hate Conference Committee. Civil Beat. The fervor surrounding genetically engineered crops in Hawaii is expected to spill into this year's elections, as a number of candidates have already begun framing their campaigns around an anti-GMO sentiment. It's also anticipated to lead to increased spending on particular races that will pit opponents of genetically modified organisms against those who believe that large agribusiness and chemical companies, such as Monsanto, Syngenta and BASF, are a boon to the local economy and global food production research. Civil Beat. A bill that would ban smoking in and around Hawaii Public Housing Authority units is headed for passage by the state Legislature. Star-Advertiser. State lawmakers are considering a measure to downward voter turnout reverse the trend by allowing same-day voter registration. Hawaii News Now. A state board has issued long-awaited licensing guidelines covering workers who install solar panels — a move that will result in a greater involvement of licensed electricians in the installation process. Star-Advertiser. The influential Sierra Club of Hawaii is urging people to ask state senators to vote in favor of Jessica Wooley's appointment as director of the Office of Environmental Quality Control. Civil Beat. Hawaii’s elevator standards are on their way up — but they have further to go. Two years ago, Hawaii's elevators were on a downward trajectory. The Department of Labor and Industrial Relations (DLIR) was way behind on elevator and boiler inspections, and working with an “archaic” code that some experts said was a threat to public safety. More than 5,000 of the more than 7,000 elevators in the state required inspecting, meaning that no one knew for sure how many needed repairs. Civil Beat. Heart of tourism industry lies in hana hou visitors. Problems with the homeless and increases in travel costs could keep some from coming back, officials say. Star-Advertiser. Honolulu’s Salary Commission is recommending raises of 8 percent for many of the city’s top officials – a rate that’s almost five times the annual inflation rate. That might seem like a steep increase, but for many of the positions — such as the police and fire chiefs and Honolulu City Council members — salaries would still lag far behind those of their counterparts in mainland cities of comparable size. Civil Beat. Bill would upgrade Pohakuloa. A measure set to be introduced in Congress would assess security in Asia and the Pacific. Star-Advertiser. There’s a good chance three former or current council members will be running for the Puna District 4 County Council seat, following the addition this week of former Councilwoman Emily Naeole. West Hawaii Today. House and Senate conferees have agreed to include funding in the state budget for two major Big Island projects — the planned $90 million Kona Judiciary Complex and the planned $55 million University of Hawaii Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy building. Pacific Business News. The state Legislature’s budget conference committee has agreed on a proposal to fund a permanent building for the University of Hawaii at Hilo’s Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, legislators and university officials said Friday. Tribune-Herald. Hawaii County Council members tapped their district contingency funds for $525,354 during the last 10 months, with a majority of expenditures going to park facilities. Tribune-Herald. Two students at the University of Hawaii at Hilo have filed a federal lawsuit against the school, alleging their First Amendment rights were violated on campus. The lawsuit claims U.H. Hilo staff prevented them from passing out copies of the U.S. Constitution. Hawaii Public Radio. The House Finance Committee and Senate Ways and Means Committee put finishing touches on the state budget, approving funds for several key capital improvement projects in Central Maui, including funds for: the widening of Puʻunēnē Avenue; planning and design of a new middle school in Central Maui; and design and construction of a Central Maui Regional Park and Sports Complex. Maui Now. Repair and reconstruction of the taxiway for Kahului Airport's main runway that begins Wednesday will force the closure of the runway during nighttime hours most days through the end of the year and will increase air traffic over Kahului and Wailuku, the state Department of Transportation said. Maui News. The state Board of Land and Natural Resources on Friday approved a request to restrict hunting dogs for at least two years in Molokai's Puu Alii Natural Area Reserve and in portions of reserve areas in East and West Maui. Maui News. Several nonprofit organizations are supporting a charter amendment petition to regulate pesticides and the growth of genetically modified organisms on Kauai. Star-Advertiser. It’s a question of in-house versus outsourcing. A cost-saving proposal by the Office of the County Attorney to create a litigation team within the County of Kauai department is being met with some resistance by officials who question how the team would be assembled — and whether the extra attorneys would be financially worth it. Garden Island. State and county representatives are celebrating the passage of a measure that pushes back the sunset clause on a law that allows county lifeguards to operate on state beaches. Garden Island. Labels: campaign finance, courts, Emily Naeole, GMO, Hawaii Legislature, Jessica Wooley, pharmacy school, Pohakuloa Training Area, ukulele 'Politics is personal,' says U.S. Sen. Brian Schatz at campaign HQ grand opening - Watch the video U.S. Sen. Brian Schatz, D-Hawaii, talks about the tight primary contest against U.S. Rep. Colleen Hanabusa. "Politics is personal," Schatz said, noting the contest is splitting family and friends, as well as those who previously stood side-by-side working on the same campaign. He urges his supporters to be "Happy Warriors" during the April 27, 2014 grand opening of his Hilo campaign headquarters. Posted by All Hawaii News at 1:00 PM 0 comments Labels: campaign, Hawaii Democratic Party, U.S. Rep. Colleen Hanabusa, U.S. Sen. Brian Schatz Hawaii Legislature is down to the wire, state's first death penalty case since 1944 troubles rights groups, Chinese tourists seen as 'economic salvation,' ID, please, in GMO lawsuit, Sunshine Law exemption broadens, more news from all the Hawaiian Islands Merrie Monarch hula festival © 2014 All Hawaii News Merrie Monarch hula contest, festival continues. See more here. Hawaii lawmakers are confronting a deadline to pass the state budget, but they’re still deciding how to work out key issues that include a historic land-preservation deal and funding for a slew of nonprofits. Legislative appropriations committees have until Friday night to reach agreement on all aspects of the state’s $12 billion budget. Associated Press. House and Senate lawmakers have agreed to carve out a new exemption in the Sunshine Law for county councils to get together outside their regular meetings. Civil Beat. There were surprises Thursday as the clocked ticked toward a Friday 6 p.m. deadline for bills to advance to a final round of votes next week. Civil Beat. Giving victims of childhood sexual abuse more time to seek justice, state lawmakers agreed Thursday on a bill that would extend a unique window to file lawsuits for another two years and include the state and counties among the potentially liable. Star-Advertiser. A conference committee of state lawmakers passed House Bill 1926 Thursday to plug the legal loophole that lets police have sex with prostitutes. The committee, chaired by Rep. Karl Rhoads and Sen. Clayton Hee, also reached agreement on House Bill 1750 to combat revenge porn. Civil Beat. Gov. Neil Abercrombie is taking Sen. David Ige to task over failing to put $40 million in the state budget to pay the state's share of a sensitive land deal with Turtle Bay Resort. Civil Beat. The outcome of a decades-long battle to protect O’ahu’s North Shore from development will likely be decided on the last day of state budget deliberations at the State Capitol tomorrow. Lawmakers have yet to decide on whether to fund the state’s portion of the offer to purchase the coastline property. Hawaii Public Radio. The state Department of Education supports the annual 4.5 percent raises an arbitration panel awarded to principals and other educational officers earlier this week, according to a statement released Wednesday by the department. Star-Advertiser. US Senate race in Hawaii pits opposing wings of Democratic Party. Los Angeles Times. U.S. Sen. Brian Schatz’s latest reports with the Federal Election Commission show he’s using his considerable cash advantage to keep him in front of voters while driving even more money to his campaign bank account. The senator, who’s locked in a tight race with U.S. Rep. Colleen Hanabusa, is spending his cash on media, polling, fundraisers and political consulting, among other campaign essentials. Civil Beat. The civil rights compliance director for public schools across the state is under investigation for complaints that she conducted biased investigations and did campaign work for a gubernatorial candidate on state time. Hawaii News Now. Hawaiian Airlines CEO Mark Dunkerley called China the "economic salvation" for Hawaii tourism but said the state is ill-equipped to handle the expected surge of tourists who are likely to come in future years. Star-Advertiser. A majority of Hawaii residents support the installation of more rooftop solar photovoltaic systems, while also believing that Hawaiian Electric Co. is slowing these installations to protect its profits, a new poll says, although the state’s largest electric utility pointed out that its rooftop solar policies are not about the financial impact on the Honolulu-based company. Pacific Business News. On Tap at the Hawaii Legislature: April 25. Civil Beat. A federal jury returned a guilty verdict Thursday for the first person in the state to stand trial for a death penalty crime. Star-Advertiser. The possibility that former Hawaii soldier Naeem Williams could face execution is troubling for some folks in a state where the death penalty has not been imposed since 1944. Star-Advertiser. A Marine who admitted killing a prostitute in his Waikiki hotel room last year was found guilty Thursday of "murder while engaging in an inherently dangerous act," a crime punishable by a maximum of life in prison without the possibility of parole, the Marine Corps said. Star-Advertiser. Residential towers in Kakaako makai of Ala Moana Boulevard would be permitted to rise on eight large parcels -- or just two -- under competing proposed amendments to one of the most controversial bills at the Legislature this year. Star-Advertiser. The City Council Transportation Committee is moving forward with plans to audit the Handi-Van program. But the committee also agreed to a request to delay the start of the audit to allow the impact of planned improvements to be assessed. Star-Advertiser. For a second consecutive year, the rail project's top executive will receive a $35,000 bonus. Star-Advertiser. A Big Island papaya farmer will have to identify himself to continue as part of a lawsuit against Hawaii County’s registration program for genetically modified crops, Judge Greg Nakamura said Thursday. Tribune-Herald. Faced with a May 5 deadline to present his final budget proposal to the Hawaii County Council, Mayor Billy Kenoi said Thursday he’s crafting a spending plan that doesn’t take any increases in the county’s share of the hotel tax into account. West Hawaii Today. Legislators in a joint conference committee opted Wednesday to include a $2 million appropriation in the state’s budget next year for Hilo Medical Center’s fledgling Primary Care Residency Program. Tribune-Herald. The family of a man who died after being tased by a Hawaii Police Department officer intends to file a lawsuit against the department, their attorney said Thursday. - West Hawaii Today. A Hilo jury Thursday found a 32-year-old Hilo man guilty of first-degree attempted murder and first-degree assault in the shootings of two police officers Jan. 2, 2013. Tribune-Herald. East Maui Irrigation Co. and The Nature Conservancy agreed on a deal that will add 3,721 acres of rain forest to Waikamoi Preserve, creating the largest private nature reserve in the state. Maui News. A portion of the Hāmākua Ditch across the Kailua Gulch in East Maui broke on Thursday, April 24, resulting in a “mud plume” in the ocean near Baldwin Beach Park, officials at Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company said. Maui Now. In a recent online poll question, The Garden Island asked readers, “Who should pay the cost of rescue operations for people who are hurt or stranded on the Kalalau Trail?” Sixty percent voted for the hikers because they were being careless or not paying attention, while 35 percent said the state because it manages the trail. Labels: budget, China, Chinese tourism, David Ige, death penalty, Department of Education, Gov. Neil Abercrombie, Hawaii Legislature, Kakaako, police, sexual abuse, transient accommodations tax Hannemann to run for governor as Independent, state budget negotiations snarled, Kauai group starts anti-GMO ballot initiative, jury says Haleakala trail belongs to the state, Honolulu bus signs bill advances, would-be bidder pans Hawaii County waste reduction plans, more news from all the Hawaiian Islands Mufi Hannemann and supporters 2012 file photo © All Hawaii News Former Honolulu Mayor Mufi Hannemann, hoping voters have grown weary of both Democrats and Republicans, will run for governor as an independent. Star-Advertiser. Minimum wage, transient accommodations tax, construction spending snag Legislature's budget negotiations. Civil Beat. Hung up over construction spending, state House and Senate negotiators have pushed deliberations on the state budget to Friday, the deadline to have bills ready for final votes next week before the session adjourns. Star-Advertiser. Hawaii lawmakers passed a bill out of conference committee Wednesday that will force county police departments to disclose more information about officers who get in trouble for misconduct. Civil Beat. Victims of child sexual abuse in Hawaii would have more time to file lawsuits against abusers if lawmakers and the governor approve one of two bills pending in the Legislature. In a highly publicized law, victims have been given a two-year window to file lawsuits in cases that passed the statute of limitations, which led to a surge of filings. Associated Press. A Republican lawmaker in Hawaii is saying the state Department of Education is being secretive about its sex education program. Rep. Bob McDermott is taking issue with the Pono Choices curriculum that’s being developed by the Department of Education. He says it sexualizes the innocent by teaching 11-year-old children about anal sex. Associated Press. The state Intermediate Court of Appeals ruled Wednesday that the Circuit Court can hear a legal challenge to former House Speaker Calvin Say's residency. Six voters in Say's Palolo state House district had questioned his residency, arguing that the Democrat actually lives with his family in Pauoa Valley. Star-Advertiser. The search for the next University of Hawaii president is advancing, though mostly under the radar as the presidential selection committee led by Carl Carlson prepares to present its final report on Monday to the Board of Regents and Chairman John Holzman. Pacific Business News. Hawaiian Electric Co. and its sister utilities did not fare well in a new opinion poll that showed 9 out of 10 residents in their service areas believe the companies have slowed rooftop solar installations to protect their profits. Star-Advertiser. State-of-the-Art Political Campaign Intimacy. Civil Beat. On Tap at the Hawaii Legislature: April 24. A selective list of bills, resolutions, hearings, briefings, meetings and events for Thursday at the state Capitol. Civil Beat. Selling advertising space on the sides of Honolulu buses may yet become reality after the City Council Budget Committee voted to revive Mayor Kirk Caldwell's revenue-generating plan Wednesday. Star-Advertiser. On the eve of a critical deadline, a woman Wednesday sued the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu and its former vicar general, Marc Alexander, accusing him of sexually abusing her 30 years ago when she was a minor and he was working at St. John Vianney in Kailua. Star-Advertiser. TRO against Honolulu police major dropped. KHON2. Two coqui frogs were captured on Oahu this month, one in Waikiki and one in Kalihi Valley, state Department of Agriculture officials said Wednesday. Star-Advertiser. When the Polynesian Voyaging Society's two double-hulled canoes embark on their unprecedented worldwide sail next month, they aim to spread a message to protect what the group has dubbed "Island Earth." But they'll need the help of environmental leaders back home to put that call for stewardship into practice. Star-Advertiser. A would-be bidder for Hawaii County’s waste reduction facility claims the county’s bid solicitation was designed to favor large-scale waste-to-energy incinerators. West Hawaii Today. Hawaii County Corporation Counsel Lincoln Ashida is taking a job with a private practice May 1, ending a nearly three-decade tenure with the county. Ashida, who has been the county’s top civil attorney for 13 years, is joining the Hilo office of Torkildson, Katz, Moore, Hetherington &Harris as senior counsel. Tribune-Herald. Big Island Police last week said Randall Hatori died as a result of cardiac arrest not because he was tased. But an independent autopsy obtained by Hawaii News Now said the 39-year-old Kona man's death was a homicide. A David Ige supporter woke up Wednesday morning to find the campaign signs he had put up Tuesday evening had already been vandalized. West Hawaii Today. Thousands expected to try out for ‘Wheel of Fortune’ shows on Big Isle. West Hawaii Today. A jury on Maui ruled Wednesday that the Haleakala Trail on Maui belongs to the state, dismissing Haleakala Ranch Company’s claim to the land. The decision followed a 14-day jury trial brought by Public Access Trails Hawaii. The Maui-based nonprofit has been advocating since 2011 to secure public access to the historic trail. Civil Beat. Jurors decided Wednesday that the state, not Haleakala Ranch, owns a section of a historic trail that once ran from Makawao town to the summit of Haleakala. Maui News. A proposed settlement between Maui County and Neldon Mamuad, creator of the popular MAUIWatch Facebook page, has yet to be agreed on, forcing the county to file a memorandum of opposition against Mamuad's federal lawsuit. Maui News. Local developer Peter Savio plans to expand his Pagoda hotel brand to Maui with the purchase of the Maui Beach Hotel, an adjacent golf course and a vacant lot where the circa-1953 Maui Palms Hotel once stood. Star-Advertiser. Some Kauai residents are collecting signatures that would put to vote a citizens’ initiative aimed at regulating the GMO industry. Garden Island. Labels: budgets, David Ige, GMO, gubernatorial race, Haleakala, Hawaii Legislature, HECO, Mufi Hannemann, police, Rep. Calvin Say, sex education, theBus, transient accommodations tax, University of Hawaii Hawaii Democrats to let Ige, other candidates speak, supporters fret over ukulele bill, Maui bans smoking at parks, beaches, Honolulu bans sweepstakes gambling machines, Kauai mulls golf fees, Hawaii garrison tops in the Army, more news from all the Hawaiian Islands The decision to name the ukulele the state instrument in Hawaii is proving more difficult than some lawmakers expected. Associated Press. The National Conference of State Legislatures ranked Hawai’i number one for having the most interesting legislative proposal in the country. It has nothing to do with the state budget … minimum wage increase or proposals to buy conservation land. The number one topic in the national publication’s monthly magazine has to do with a bill naming Hawai’i’s official musical instrument. Hawaii Public Radio. The Democratic Party of Hawaii on Tuesday evening reversed course and agreed to allow state Sen. David Ige, who is challenging Gov. Neil Abercrombie in the primary, to speak at the party's state convention in May. Star-Advertiser. Private school teachers typically make far less than their public school counterparts. That applies nationally as well as locally. The median public school teacher salary in the Aloha State is about $55,300 this year, according to Hawaii Department of Education spokeswoman Dara Young. Meanwhile, for a private school teacher it is roughly $48,700, according to Myra McGovern of the National Association of Independent Schools, an umbrella organization that collects compensation data from member teachers. Civil Beat. Lawmakers are fast-tracking legislation that would make kindergarten mandatory for 5-year-olds in hopes of giving the state time to run a public education campaign about the change before the school year ends next month. Under Senate Bill 2768, beginning with the 2014-2015 school year, kindergarten attendance would be mandatory for children who are 5 years old on or before July 31 preceding the school year. Hawaii's compulsory education age currently starts at 6. Star-Advertiser. When the chair of the House Finance Committee dropped key provisions of a bill intended to further limit the legal liability of the state and counties for injuries occurring on public property as long as signs warning of dangerous conditions are property posted, some supporters of the measure responded by accusing Rep. Sylvia Luke of violating the conflict of interest provisions of the state ethics law. Civil Beat. U.S. Army Garrison-Hawaii has received the 2014 Army Community of Excellence Award as the top installation in the Army. Hawaii Reporter. The odds are looking good that sweepstakes gaming machines will be outlawed on Oahu after a Honolulu City Council committee Tuesday endorsed a proposed ordinance. Star-Advertiser. House negotiators on a controversial bill allowing residential development in Kakaako Makai are signaling they may be willing to compromise. Rep. Cindy Evans told Sen. Maile Shimabukuro Tuesday at the State Capitol that the House wants "to move" on Senate Bill 3122 "and that definitely we need to find a solution." Civil Beat. The 21-year-old woman accused of damaging a 130-year-old glass door at Iolani Palace two months ago entered a plea of not guilty Monday in Circuit Court to criminal property damage and burglary. Drew Paahau is scheduled for trial the week of June 23 before Circuit Judge Rom Trader. Star-Advertiser. On Tuesday, Forest City Military Communities announced the completion of a decade-long military housing project to renovate and rebuild about half of the Navy and Marine Corps' more than 6,700 housing units in 36 neighborhoods on Oahu and Kauai as part of just such a public-private venture with the Department of the Navy. Star-Advertiser. Walgreens plans to open its 19th store in Hawaii in Downtown Honolulu this fall right across from its biggest rival, CVS-owned Longs Drugs, a spokesman for the nation’s largest drugstore chain told Pacific Business News. State officials are proposing two agreements to settle 11 of the 12 complaints against Dr. John D. Stover for medical and dental work. The pre-petition settlement agreements, filed April 15, will be sent to the state Medical Board and state Board of Dental Examiners for consideration. Tribune-Herald. Changes to flood zone maps in South Kona could mean elevations of houses as well as insurance premiums. The Federal Emergency Management Agency is in the process of updating flood maps for several areas in Hawaii County, with South Kona and Waikoloa among the most recent areas. South Hilo will also come under FEMA scrutiny in the near future. West Hawaii Today. Lincoln Ashida, the county’s top civil attorney for the past 13 years, is moving to the private sector. The longtime government lawyer is resigning at the end of the month to join the law firm Torkildson, Katz, Moore, Hetherington & Harris. Big Island Now. A group of protesters gathered outside of Lincoln Park in downtown Hilo on Tuesday morning, sporting signs that read “Aloha not racism” and “Park for Peace.” Tribune-Herald. A bill that effectively bans tobacco use at county parks, beaches and recreational facilities in Maui County, passed second and final reading today in the Maui County Council. Maui Now. The chairman of the Maui County Council's Budget and Finance Committee is not looking to make any "significant rate changes" or to do any "upheaval" to current real property tax rates - in contrast to Mayor Alan Arakawa's proposed budget calling for an across-the-board 6.5 percent increase in rates. Maui News. It’s been eight months since the County of Kauai began closing Hanamaulu Beach Park at night in an effort to combat excessive vandalism, illegal activity and vagrancy. Garden Island. For more than eight decades, the County of Kauai-owned Wailua Golf Course has been known as one of the more affordable pastimes on the island. But deciding fees for the golf course could change. The Kauai County Council is expected to decide today whether to put the issue on this year’s ballot for voters to decide. Garden Island. Labels: David Ige, education, gambling, golf, Hawaii Democratic Party, Hawaii Legislature, Iolani Palace, kindergarten, military, smoking, ukulele Raises for Hawaii principals, UH culls presidential candidates, attorneys call Kauai GMO opponents 'eco-terrorists,' hotel workers fight condo conversion, Mauii stream deal reached, more news from all the Hawaiian Islands Maui stream, courtesy Earthjustice The state Commission on Water Resource Management has approved a settlement to a decade-long legal dispute that is expected to assure continuous flow of streams in an area of the West Maui Mountains, particularly Iao Stream. Star-Advertiser. For the first time in more than a century, there will be a steady flow of water from mauka to makai in all four Na Wai Eha streambeds. Maui News. A decade–long Maui water dispute has been settled. Over the past 10 years, Native Hawaiian and conservation groups have been caught in a legal battle with Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company and Wailuku Water Company over how much water the companies should divert from Na Wai Eha, or The Four Great Waters. These include Iao, Waihee, Waiehu and Waikapu streams. Hawaii Public Radio. An arbitration panel has awarded annual 4.5 percent pay raises to approximately 850 Department of Education principals, vice principals and other school and district-level educational officers, the Hawaii Government Employees Association announced Monday. Star-Advertiser. The University of Hawaii presidential committee has completed its work and will send a shortlist of names to the full Board of Regents on April 28, according to a UH news release. Star-Advertiser. The House and Senate remain apart on what to do with the minimum wage. The House wants it to increase to $10 by 2018 but the Senate wants a $10.10 wage by 2017. The House also wants to increase the tip credit — the amount that businesses like restaurants can deduct from employees who rely on tips — to 75 cents by 2016, while the Senate wants to keep it at 25 cents. Civil Beat. State Rep. Tom Brower hinted Monday at how the Legislature might amend the law that determines how much hotel tax money each of Hawaii’s four counties receives annually. Brower, one of the co-chairs on a joint House-Senate committee that is working on the bill, said the House is working on one of two possibilities: removing the cap in step increases or raising the cap. Civil Beat. Parents are pushing the Hawaii Legislature to pass a bill that would require insurance companies to cover treatments for autism, a move opposed by some insurers, who say it could lead to higher costs for people seeking coverage. Associated Press. House and Senate budget conferees have agreed to a $50 million kickoff of a statewide program to provide financing for photovoltaic and other alternative energy initiatives. It is designed to make clean energy projects available for under-served community members, including low- and moderate-income homeowners and renters and non-profit organizations. Big Island Now. Hawaii’s healthy citizens owe much to the state’s trailblazing health system and its long history of near-universal health insurance. Tribune. On Tap at the Hawaii Legislature: April 22. A selective list of bills, resolutions, hearings, briefings and events for Tuesday at the state Capitol. Civil Beat. A Honolulu City Council committee is planning to take up a measure on Tuesday that aims to protect hospitality jobs lost when hotels convert rooms to condos and time shares. Bill 16 would require companies to apply for a permit before transforming more than 20 percent of their hotel rooms to condo or time share units. Civil Beat. Chinatown has attracted its share of hip restaurants, bars and art houses over the last decade. Now the lure of flexible office space and business support might attract start-up companies and technology entrepreneurs to the area. Star-Advertiser. Construction of the Honolulu rail system is expected to spark a development boom along the transit corridor running from East Kapolei to Ala Moana Center and a key element in the city's emerging transit-oriented development plans is supposed to be affordable housing. Civil Beat. CBRE Inc. Hawaii, one of the largest commercial real estate firms in the state, is cutting its office space in half at its headquarters in Downtown Honolulu. The “Workplace 360” model, which is currently being constructed in one-half of CBRE’s office at Bishop Square’s Pauahi Tower in Downtown Honolulu, will be a 100 percent free-address environment, where no one has an assigned office or workstation. Pacific Business News. Prospects are good that a bill will pass this legislative session allowing experimental sustainability communities in Maui and Hawaii counties, following the appointment of a House-Senate conference committee and dismissal of ethics charges against the bill’s sponsor. West Hawaii Today. Gov. Neil Abercrombie announced Monday the release of $3.3 million for a new aircraft rescue and firefighting facility (ARFF) at Hilo International Airport. The amount was part of a larger release of $335 million for various airport projects around the state. Associated Press. Hawaii County officials have asked a federal bankruptcy court to allow them to foreclose on $20 million worth of South Kona land. West Hawaii Today. Three former Hawaii Community College student government officers say they were voted off the Hilo school's student council after trying to account for an estimated $1.8 million in student fees that have been collected over the past five years. Star-Advertiser. The Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority is seeking a new lease for the former HGP-A geothermal test site. NELHA Executive Director Greg Barbour said the new lease would not allow for additional geothermal use on the property. Tribune-Herald. A total of $305.5 million is being released for the planned Consolidated Car Rental Facility and roadway improvements projects at Kahului Airport on Maui, Governor Neil Abercrombie announced today. Maui Now. A teenager who stowed away in a wheel well Sunday during a Hawaiian Airlines flight from San Jose, Calif., to Maui was found to be in stable condition at Kahului Airport and was later transported to Honolulu for follow-up medical care, an ambulance company official said. Maui News. Kauai’s biotech seed industry is asking a judge to nullify the county’s pesticide and genetically modified crop ordinance without going to trial. Plaintiffs Syngenta, Pioneer Hi-Bred, Agrigenetics and BASF jointly filed a pair of motions last week seeking summary judgment in their legal challenge of Ordinance 960 (formerly Bill 2491). Garden Island. County residents can give their two cents on four bills seeking to generate more money for county services and reallocate future tax revenues Wednesday. Of those four proposals which will go before the County Council, three were pitched by Mayor Bernard Carvalho Jr.’s administration this year and range from increasing landfill tipping fees to modifying county tax allocations for open space projects. Garden Island. Jeff Davis, known commonly by his radio show host name, “The Solar Guy,” has announced his run for governor as a member of the Libertarian party. Garden Island. Labels: airports, Chinatown, Department of Education, minimum wage, solar power, taxes, transient accommodations tax, water Week of hula in Hilo, revenge porn in lawmakers' sights, stowaway boy survives cross-Pacific wheel-well flight to Maui, counties to learn their share of hotel tax, EMS staff shortage threatens Honolulu, Kauai fights wastewater quality standards, more news from all the Hawaiian Islands Merrie Monarch file photo © 2014 All Hawaii News About 2,500 witnessed a Sunday midday performance by Halau O Ka Ua Kani Lehua under the direction of kumu hula Johnny Lum Ho. The performance was part of the Merrie Monarch Festival’s Ho‘olaule‘a, the kick-off event for Merrie Monarch week in Hilo. Tribune-Herald. See this week's full Merrie Monarch schedule here. There's a juggling act going on at the Hawaii Legislature as lawmakers negotiate the finer details of hundreds of bills. Members of the House and Senate are getting together in conference committees this week to bridge the gaps between their goals. Associated Press. The counties will likely know Monday afternoon if the state is going to give them millions of dollars in additional hotel tax money. Hawaii lawmakers are scheduled to meet in conference committee to finally decide the issue that has kept local officials guessing all session. Civil Beat. Legislation designed to protect victims and punish perpetrators of "revenge porn" is making its way through the Hawaii Legislature. House Bill 1750 has advanced in the state Senate and House of Representatives with little opposition. The bill would make it a first-degree violation of privacy to post an image or video of another person either nude or engaging in sexual contact without their consent and with the intent to "substantially harm" that person. Civil Beat. Money Floods Campaign Coffers in CD1 Race. Civil Beat. You can trace the genetic makeup of most corn grown in the U.S., and in many other places around the world, to Hawaii. But these same farms have become a flashpoint in a spreading debate over genetic engineering in agriculture. Associated Press. Hawaii's community college students lag far behind the national average when it comes to timely graduations. Data from the National Center for Education Statistics shows that fewer than 13 percent of the students who enrolled in one of Hawaii’s community colleges in 2009 graduated from their programs within three years, the benchmark typically used by the federal government to describe “on-time” graduation. Civil Beat. Hawaii hotel rates rose 4.5 percent during the week of April 6-12, while statewide occupancy was relatively flat, according to a report by Hospitality Advisors LLC and STR Inc. Pacific Business News. It’s the first time the Honolulu Emergency Medical Services Division has faced this problem: too many employees calling in sick. EMS couldn’t talk on camera or by phone, but told KHON2 the unexpected staff shortage forced them to temporarily suspend service at four of its 22 units on Oahu. Honolulu has endured 12 straight weeks of rising gasoline prices, but an industry expert says fuel prices may peak finally in the next two to four weeks before a possible slide back down. Star-Advertiser. Updated rules should make it easier for the city to maintain and regulate Waikiki publication dispensing racks and their enclosures. Bill 67 (2013) was approved 9-0 by the Honolulu City Council on Wednesday and signed into law Thursday by Mayor Kirk Caldwell. Star-Advertiser. On Monday, construction will begin on a 6-foot-high aluminum fence along the Cromwell's seawall to prevent jumping and injuries. Star-Advertiser. USS Port Royal to remain with Navy. The cruiser will be "laid up" at Pearl Harbor until it is returned to service. Star-Advertiser. The U.S. Department of Agriculture in September eased rules prohibiting the export of the avocados to the mainland, allowing farmers here to ship the Sharwils to 32 cold weather states each winter, from November through March. West Hawaii Today. A 16-year-old boy who stowed away in the wheel well of a Hawaiian Airlines jet that traveled from San Jose, Calif., to Maui on Sunday has been released to Child Protective Services and will soon be reunited with his family, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Star-Advertiser. The FBI says a teenager stowed away on a Hawaiian Airlines flight to Maui from San Jose, California. Hawaii News Now. A 2nd Circuit judge has granted Maui County a partial summary judgment and a preliminary injunction against Paia businessman Michael Baskin, ruling that he's prohibited from continuing to operate two of his short-term rental properties without required permits. Maui News. A disabled Maui man who was forced to crawl on his hands and knees by airline workers has reached a legal settlement with the carrier. Baraka Kanaan made national headlines when he sued Delta Airlines last year, alleging that he was twice forced to crawl down the aisle of his plane, down a flight of stairs and onto the tarmac, even though he is partially paralyzed. Hawaii News Now. The County of Kauai is fighting stricter water quality standards at its Wailua Wastewater Treatment Plant, which already has a history of exceeding certain pollutant limitations. Garden Island. The Elections Division of the Office of the County Clerk will be mailing Yellow Notice of Voter Registration Postcards to all voters on Monday. Also known as the “Yellow Card,” the postcard provides election dates and information for the upcoming elections. Garden Island. Managing the kitchen at Lanikeha Community Center on Molokai had been the Molokai Community Service Council's kuleana for more than a decade, but the state Department of Hawaiian Home Lands turned over the responsibility to another community group last month. Maui News. Labels: agriculture, education, Hawaii Legislature, Merrie Monarch, transient accommodations tax, wastewater Hawaii, Turtle Bay reach conservation deal, salary hikes for Honolulu, Hawaii County officials, minimum wage hike could be delayed, GAO to probe Hawaii Obamacare exchange, police to be barred from sex with prostitutes, Maui County to settle blogger's First Amendment lawsuit, Ethics Commission to investigate nepotism at state hospital, more news from all the Hawaiian Islands Turtle Bay Resort public domain image The owner of Turtle Bay Resort on Oahu's North Shore has agreed to sell some of its development rights to the state, the city and a trust for $48.5 million in a deal that will reduce the resort's expansion plan and preserve much undeveloped land. Star-Advertiser. Hawaii state and city officials have reached a $48.5 million deal with Turtle Bay Resort to conserve more than 600 acres of the resort's land that was slated for development. Gov. Neil Abercrombie announced the agreement on Thursday at the Hawaii State Capitol along with Attorney General David Louie, Sen. Clayton Hee, Turtle Bay's CEO Drew Stotesbury, Honolulu Mayor Kirk Caldwell, Honolulu City Council Chairman Ernie Martin, the Trust for Public Land Hawaiian Islands Program Director Lea Hong, and North Shore Community Land Trust Executive Director Douglass Cole. Civil Beat. A $48.5 million deal has been reached to establish a conservation easement on about 666 acres of land at Turtle Bay Resort on Oahu’s North Shore, saving portions of this land from future development forever, Hawaii state officials said Thursday. Pacific Business News. Turtle Bay Resort is agreeing to protect more than 660 acres of land on Oahu’s North Shore in a deal reached with the state, county and a nonprofit organization. The resort will continue to own and use the land. But it and future owners will be bound by conservation easement restrictions. Associated Press. Gov. Neil Abercrombie today announced an agreement has been reached between the State of Hawaii, City and County of Honolulu, The Trust for Public Land, and Turtle Bay Resort (TBR) to establish a conservation easement on 665.8 acres of land at Turtle Bay Resort in Kahuku. Hawaii News Now. There’s been a new development in the battle over land belonging to the Turtle Bay Resort. Governor Neil Abercrombie has announced a deal that would conserve 665 acres of land on Oahu’s North Shore. The $48.5 million agreement establishes a conservation easement, protecting the coastal area from future resort development. Hawaii Public Radio. State lawmakers in both chambers agree that legal permission for police to have sex with prostitutes should end. House and Senate members are still negotiating on the version of House Bill 1926 they will send to the governor. But they concur that the crime bill should revoke a peculiar exemption that permits police in Hawaii, in the course of their duties, to have sex with prostitutes. Associated Press. The U.S. Government Accountability Office said Wednesday it will investigate Hawaii Health Connector’s spending of its $204 million federal grant. Senate Minority Leader Sam Slom filed a complaint March 27, asking for the investigation. Hawaii Reporter. Republican state Sen. Sam Slom said the U.S. Government Accountability Office will investigate the Hawaii Health Connector's use of $204 million in federal grants. Slom complained in March to the GAO, an independent, nonpartisan agency that investigates federal government spending for Congress, that Hawaii had spent more than $80 million on information technology contracts for a faulty website. Star-Advertiser. Hawaii House members put forward a new minimum wage plan Thursday that would allow most employers in the state to take a longer time to increase wages. In the new proposal presented to a conference committee of Senate and House members, employers with fewer than 100 employees — most employers in the state — would not have to pay $10 an hour until 2019, phasing in the increase over five years. Associated Press. House and Senate lawmakers found common ground Thursday on a few dozen differences between their chambers’ respective versions of the state budget, but it was mostly minor stuff on the second day of hearings in conference. But with an April 25 deadline to iron out a final draft, the pressure will be on the 29-member joint committee to tackle the bigger disagreements when it reconvenes Monday. Civil Beat. Sen. Clayton Hee wants to see how Gov. Neil Abercrombie feels about requiring some of the most powerful state boards and commissions to start filing public financial disclosure statements. If Senate Bill 2682 can avoid a veto, Hee said he’s inclined to go along with the House version of the legislation despite its broader reach. Civil Beat. The state Ethics Commission has agreed to open an investigation into nepotism at the Hawaii State Hospital. A state Senate panel investigating mismanagement and assaults on staff at the Kaneohe psychiatric hospital has documented that at least eight staffers have relatives working at the facility. Star-Advertiser. U.S. Rep. Tulsi Gabbard is making her first trip to Japan, South Korea and China as a member of Congress. Gabbard, a Democrat, announced Thursday she will be part of a mostly Republican delegation to meet with leaders in the three Asian powerhouse nations. Star-Advertiser. The Honolulu Salary Commission is proposing 8 percent raises be given to Mayor Kirk Caldwell, City Council members and most department heads starting July 1. Star-Advertiser. With its court battles behind it, Oahu's elevated rail project is poised to become a concrete-and-steel reality and city officials have launched an effort to show the public the construction that's already happening. Star-Advertiser. If you change channels between local television newscasts, you may have noticed that some of the broadcasts are identical. The Federal Communications Commission, which has the power to regulate such matters, recently concluded that it is a problem worthy of its attention. A recent FCC decision will prohibit a single company from controlling two or more television stations in the same market, which could signal changes in Hawaii’s TV news market. Civil Beat. A high ranking Honolulu Police officer has been stripped of his police powers. Maj. Ryan Borges has turned in his gun and badge while the department investigates harassment complaints from a 33-year-old man. Hawaii News Now. A study on traffic lights passed second reading and would cost $5.6 million. KHON2 wanted to know why this study would be so expensive and how it would help. The county Salary Commission has pay hikes in store for county officials who didn’t get raises last year, including the next mayor and County Council. West Hawaii Today. Hawaii Island’s tourism industry has steadily increased over the years, but an increase in hotel prices and air fares could have an adverse effect on the market this year. That was the message David Uchiyama, brand manager and vice president of the Hawaii Tourism Authority, gave at a luncheon with the Japenese Chamber of Commerce Thursday. Tribune-Herald. EPA official tours Kona reuse site. West Hawaii Today. An advocacy group for victims of sexual abuse is asking the state Department of Human Services and Catholic Charities to explain how children were continually placed in the care of Jay Ram, accused in a lawsuit of abusing boys he fostered and adopted. Tribune-Herald. The Leeward Planning Commission is sending a bill requiring subdivision site visits back to the County Council with an unfavorable recommendation, but not before conceding the concept behind the proposal has some value. West Hawaii Today. For the first Lanai Planning Commission meeting since the February plane crash that killed two Maui County planning staff members, all county officials from Maui attending Wednesday night's meeting elected to take the ferry to and from Lanai. Maui News. A Maui County Council committee recommended Wednesday to authorize a settlement of a federal lawsuit in which county administration officials were alleged to have violated an employee's First Amendment right to free speech in a case involving the popular MAUIWatch Facebook page. Maui News. Maui Fire Chief Jeffrey Murray received a positive evaluation from the Maui County Fire and Public Safety Commission during its annual mandated review, the commission announced today. Maui Now. Despite having to relocate their businesses to Lahaina and Maalaea harbors after Mala Wharf closed for repairs March 16, boaters and commercial tour operators say business is still "on par." Maui News. Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co. is researching options that could possibly end the need to burn the leaves off its sugar cane crop before harvest. Maui News. Review: Police shooting justified. Following a Kauai Police Department investigation, the Office of the Prosecuting Attorney has concluded its review of the police-involved shooting of Mason Saio on Aug. 16. Garden Island. Court documents released Wednesday by the state attorney general’s office show a company owned by retired auto dealer James Pflueger has paid $350,000 to the state of Hawaii. The money was part of a controversial plea deal that let’s Pflueger’s company, Pacific 808 Properties LP, and not Pflueger himself, take responsibility for 7 manslaughter charges. Hawaii Reporter. In November 2008, Pflueger was charged with 7 counts of manslaughter and one count of reckless endangerment in the first degree for recklessly causing the deaths of 7 people when his Ka Loko dam breached on March 14, 2006. Hawaii Reporter. Labels: First Amendment, Hawaii Health Connector, Hawaii Legislature, local media, minimum wage, Obamacare, Pflueger, police, salaries, Turtle Bay, U.S. Rep. Tulsi Gabbard Lawsuit over Pohakuloa, election day voter registr... RIMPAC heading to Hawaii, Lingle chairs Djou campa... No aloha for ukulele, GMO fervor brings campaign c... 'Politics is personal,' says U.S. Sen. Brian Schat... Hawaii Legislature is down to the wire, state's fi... Hannemann to run for governor as Independent, stat... Hawaii Democrats to let Ige, other candidates spea... Raises for Hawaii principals, UH culls presidentia... Week of hula in Hilo, revenge porn in lawmakers' s... Hawaii, Turtle Bay reach conservation deal, salary... Waikiki hotels fight tax hike, Democrats shut out ... Al Gore raises climate awareness in Honolulu, Scha... Lunar eclipse delights Hawaii, court lets groups j... Al Gore in Hawaii for Tuesday climate conference, ... El Nino predicted, ethics complaint filed over tra... Dirty tricks in Hawaii Legislature, Democrats figh... Army to stay in Hawaii, House OKs minimum wage hik... Hawaii near bottom in election administration, ous... Long week ahead for Hawaii Legislature, state to p... Fear the frog: coquis invade Oahu, bill limits sta... Thirty Meter Telescope gets the go-ahead, minimum ... You say Kailua, we say Kailua, Micronesian migrant... Hawaii Obamacare connector falls short, top educat...	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28964
__label__wiki	0.87662	0.87662	Overture is Coming to Ireland A discussion on Overture locating its European hub in Ireland. As I reported last month, Google announced from its Silicon Valley headquarters that it is going to base its new European Operations Centre in Dublin, Ireland. Coming closely on the heels of this announcement is the news that Overture Services Inc., which operates some of the biggest search engines on the Net, is also to base its European headquarters in Dublin, with the creation of some 200 IT jobs. This is sure to act as a boost for the beleaguered IT sector in Ireland, which has felt the effects of the slump in confidence in the US market in recent years. A Brief Overview of Overture Formally known as GoTo, Overture was formed in September 1997. Although not as well known as Google, Overture has been operating a successful model for a number of years. Unlike Google, Overture includes adverts in its search results and receives payment for these adverts from advertisers when a user clicks through on the advertisement in question. This performance pay model was developed by the firm in 1998, and with Overture running it's own search portal Overture.com and the acquired Altavista.com (purchased for $140 in February), advertising clients of Overture known that their adverts will receive a lot of exposure, with search result placement based on specific keyword combinations related to their businesses. Overture also operates an effective advertising distribution network, which supplies search engine advertising for MSN and Yahoo. Overture's Financial Health Despite the global IT downturn, Overture managed to generate revenue of around $667 million (€620 at current rates) in 2002. It has not been plain sailing for the company this year, however, when it launched a profit warning only last week, which sent their share value into a sharp fall which lost one third of its value. Despite these short-term investor jitters, the firm is expected to generate revenue of more than $1 billion (€906 million) by the end of this year, and to go ahead with its Dublin expansion. Overture's Plans in Ireland Overture is likely to host hundreds of computer servers at the East Point facility close to Dublin's dock lands to power its search engines. They are likely to hire between 200 and 250 staff for administration, marketing, engineering and technical support roles. It is likely that Overture were lured to Ireland for the same reasons as Google; cheap international telecoms capacity and a good supply of highly qualified technical and marketing staff. Furthermore, ultra-high bandwidth telecom cables laid across the Atlantic between Ireland and North America by firms such as Global Crossing and 360networks have dramatically cut the cost of hosting high bandwidth Web traffic in Ireland. These developments bode well for further investment in the country by firms similar to Google and Overture, with MicroSoft also expanding it's operation in Ireland, where it located it's Web servers last year, with which it plans to distribute software online to it's customers in the near future. With the announcement of these high-profile companies setting up in Ireland, the Irish Government's plan to make Ireland a European e-hub has taken some significant steps forward. You can find the main Overture presence at: http://www.overture.com/ Overture also run Altavista, a very popular search engine: http://www.altavista.com/ 360networks of Canada recently launched the 12,200 km long Hibernia Atlantic cable between Ireland, the UK and US. Visit the companies homepage here: http://www.360.net/ To read more about the Global Crossing's Atlantic cable, visit: http://www.globalcrossing.com/ overture european hub reported google silicon valley headquarters dublin closely heels announcement biggest boost beleaguered felt slump formally goto adverts receives payment advertisement portal acquired altavista businesses supplies msn yahoo health downturn managed sailing warning sharp investor jitters dock administration lured telecoms ultra bandwidth telecom cables atlantic north crossing dramatically cut bode microsoft expanding distribute irish canada km hibernia cable globalcrossing Google is Coming to Ireland Google Ranking Tips Part 3 Sun and Microsoft Settle Out of Court	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28965
__label__cc	0.519096	0.480904	Borderbend's Programming in August Friday, August 1st (6:00-8:30 p.m.): "Chicago Heroes & Arts Journeys" Session at Mozart Park -- about the Dill Pickle Club Friday, August 8th (6:00-8:30 p.m.): "Chicago Heroes & Arts Journeys" Session at Mozart Park -- about Studs Terkel Friday, August 15th (6:00-8:30 p.m.): "Chicago Heroes & Arts Journeys" Session at Mozart Park -- about Marc Smith and the Poetry Slam Friday, August 22nd (6:00-8:30 p.m.): "Chicago Heroes & Arts Journeys" Session at Mozart Park -- Our Culminating Summer Session Our Next Arts Workshop: The Dill Pickle Club Friday, August 1st (4:30-5:30, 5:45-7:00 p.m.) You're invited to come to our next "Chicago Heroes & Arts Journeys" workshop, when we focus on the Dill Pickle Club. The Dill Pickle Club (which was also known as the Dil Pickle Club other similar iterations) was a legendary establishment founded by Jack Jones one hundred years ago. During this workshop we will: Explore documents about The Dill Pickle Club -- including poster images and writings by people who were associated with the club (including Sherwood Anderson, Djuna Barnes, William Carlos Williams, Emma Goldman, Kenneth Rexroth and Upton Sinclair). Create artwork and write poetry inspired by the Dill Pickle Club. These arts workshops are free and open to the public, and all ages welcomed. Participants are invited to bring writing utensils and paper, although supplies will be provided if needed. Sometimes we play music and explore other art forms, so if you have a musical instrument that you'd like to bring, or if you have art supplies (e.g. colored pencils, pastels, etc.) you can bring those. We often use an upright piano during workshops as well. Location: Mozart Park is in Chicago's Logan Square neighborhood. It's on the north side of Armitage Ave. -- several blocks east of Pulaski Rd., just south of Dickens and Shakespeare Streets. Our workshop series happens in the room to the left of fieldhouse lobby; some workshop sessions may happen outside in the park, weather permitting. Registering for Chicago Heroes & Arts Journeys: You can register for this workshop series at the Chicago Park District website. Additional info: You can contact us by clicking here (if you have questions about this workshop or to RSVP). Click here to find out more about the Chicago Heroes & Arts Journeys workshop series. "5 questions for the new 'Pickles'" by Courtney Crowder (Chicago Tribune, 12/17/2010) AREA Chicago "Brains Brilliancy Bohemia: Art & Politics in Jazz-Age Chicago" A Brief History of the Dill Pickle Club (Newberry Library) Clarence Darrow (PBS' American Experience) "The Dil Pickle Club: 1914-1933" poster by Marc Moscato/Dean Rank (Justseeds Artists' Cooperative) Dil Pickle Press Dill Pickle Food Co-Op "Embracing The Quirkiness Of Djuna Barnes" (NPR) Emma Goldman (PBS' American Experience) FBI case file about the Dill Pickle Club (Toby Higbie's Bughouse Square blog) Inventory of the Dill Pickle Club Records (Newberry Library) “Jack Jones—The Pickler.” by Sherwood Anderson (Chicago Daily News, 6/18/1919) Vachel Lindsay (The Poetry Foundation) The Lucy Parsons Center "Lute Music" by Kenneth Rexroth (The Writer's Almanac) "The Migration of the hipster: A Chicago history: 1898-present" by Aimee Levitt (Chicago Reader, 10/2/2013) Kenneth Rexroth (The American Academy of Poets) A Thousand and One Afternoons in Chicago by Ben Hecht (University of Chicago Press) "Welcome to the Jungle. Does Upton Sinclair's famous novel hold up?" By Karen Olsson (Slate) Harriet Monroe-Inspired Workshop on July 25th Friday, July 25th (4:30-5:30, 5:45-7:00 p.m.) You're invited to come to our next "Chicago Heroes & Arts Journeys" workshop, when we focus on the life and legacy of Harriet Monroe. During this workshop we will: Talk about aspects of Monroe's biography; Read selections of writings by Monroe; Read poems by great poets with whom she worked; Write poetry inspired by Harriet Monroe and her legacy. More info TBA. "At 100, poem 'Chicago' still fierce, fresh" by Steve Johnson (Chicago Tribune) Gwendolyn Brooks "Chicago" by Carl Sandburg (Poetry, March 1914) Harriet Monroe Biography (poetryfoundation.org) Harriet Monroe Poetry Collection (The University of Chicago Library) "Letter by Letter" by Richard Mertens (University of Chicago Magazine) "A Lover" by Amy Lowell (Poetry, March 1917) "The Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock" by T.S. Eliot (Poetry, June 1915) "Review of A Poet's Life by Harriet Monroe" by William Carlos Williams (The New Republic, 4/27/1938) Valeria and Other Poems by Harriet Monroe (A.C. McClurg & Company, 1893) "We Real Cool" by Gwendolyn Brooks (Poetry, September 1959) Our Workshop on July 18th: The AACM You're invited to come to our next "Chicago Heroes & Arts Journeys" workshop, when focus on the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM). During this workshop we will: Listen to music created by the AACM and its members; & Collaboratively create music using a variety of instruments. July 18th is World Listening Day. It's a nice serendipity that this workshop, which focuses on listening and creating inventive music, happens on WLD. Check out the World Listening Project website for more info about World Listening Day! 8 Bold Souls Muhal Richard Abrams Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM) Renée Baker Mwata Bowden Blutopia: Visions of the Future and Revisions of the Past in the Work of Sun Ra, Duke Ellington, and Anthony Braxton by Graham Lock (Duke University Press) Anthony Braxton Discography (restructures.net) Ari Brown Kelan Phil Cohran Ernest Dawkins Dusty Groove Douglas R. Ewart Forces in Motion: Anthony Braxton and the Meta-reality of Creative Music: Interviews and Tour Notes, England 1985 by Graham Lock Henry Threadgill (Pi Recordings) Henry Threadgill's Zooid performs “All The Way Light Touch” (Roulette TV) “I Dreamed of Other Worlds”: An Interview with Nicole Mitchell by Ellen Waterman, University of Guelph Joseph Jarman Interview by Jason Gross (Perfect Sound Forever) Jason Moran on Muhal Richard Abrams Jazz Institute of Chicago Jazz Record Mart Josh Sinton on Ed Wilkerson, Jr. — A Gentleman from Chicago (destination-out.org) George Lewis NEA Jazz Masters: Interview with Muhal Richard Abrams A Power Stronger Than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music by George Lewis (University of Chicago Press) Reckless Records "The Sixties, Chicago, and the AACM" by Sam Ottenhoff The Tri-Centric Foundation TUNTUI performs "Narrow Road, Suite 2" at PianoForte (4/9/2010) Ann Ward Edward Wilkerson, Jr. Saalik Ziyad Borderbend Programs in July Friday, July 11 (6:00-8:30 p.m.): "Chicago Heroes & Arts Journeys" Session at Mozart Park -- about Chicago Blues artists Muddy Waters, Koko Taylor, Buddy Guy & Etta James Friday, July 18 (6:00-8:30 p.m.): "Chicago Heroes & Arts Journeys" Session at Mozart Park -- about the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians Friday, July 25 (6:00-8:30 p.m.): "Chicago Heroes & Arts Journeys" Session at Mozart Park -- about Marianne Moore Sunday, July 27: Mingus Awareness Project concert at The Camel (Richmond, VA) Our Next Arts Workshop: Chicago Blues Legends You're invited to come to our next "Chicago Heroes & Arts Journeys" workshop, when we celebrate the lives and legacies of these Blues legends -- Muddy Waters, Koko Taylor, Buddy Guy and Etta James: We listen to and talk about music by those four artists; We play several songs recorded by those artists; We create contour poems, blues renga and pattern poetry inspired by Chicago Blues artists. Borderbend is among the organizations that is presenting programming during the upcoming Armitage Arts Festival, on September 6th. Festival programming happens at four venues along Armitage Ave., including Rosa's Lounge -- which is one of Chicago's great blues venues. So the focus of our next workshop is a nice way to pay homage to the Blues, one of America's original art forms, in anticipation of the festival that will be happening in this neighborhood in less than two months! Note: There are so many great Blues artists who are associated with Chicago (besides the four listed abovbe), including Big Bill Broonzy, Paul Butterfield, Bo Diddley, Lightning Hopkins, Howlin' Wolf, Pinetop Perkins, Sugar Blue, Melvin Taylor, Junior Wells and many others. We will have more workshops that focus on other Chicago Blues artists in the future, for sure. These arts workshops are free and open to the public, and all ages welcomed. Participants are invited to bring writing utensils and paper, although supplies will be provided if needed. Sometimes we play music and explore other art forms, so if you have a musical instrument that you'd like to bring, or if you have art supplies (e.g. colored pencils, pastels, etc.) you can bring those. The fieldhouse has an upright piano that we have used during workshops as well. "13 Cartoon Portraits of Legendary Blues Artists" (Mother Jones) Alligator Records Armitage Arts Festival The Blues Foundation Buddy Guy (Rock & Roll Hall of Fame) Buddy Guy interview on Sound Opinions (1/5/2007) Buddy Guy & Jimi Hendrix -- jam session "Buddy Guy: A Man and His Blues" by Alan Di Perna (Guitar World Magazine) "Buddy Guy Sets the Record Straight With New Book" by Greg Prato (4/25/2012 issue of Rolling Stone) Buddy Guy's Legends Buddy Guy's website Cadillac Records (2008) Chess Records feature (Sound Opinions #440) Chicago Blues Festival Encore: Koko Taylor On Mountain Stage (NPR) Etta James interviewed by Sue Simmons on Live At Five (1995) "Hound Dog" performed by Big Mama Thornton, with Buddy Guy "How the blues brothers behind Chess Records made all the right moves" by Elijah Wald (11/5/2010 edition of The Guardian) I Am the Blues: The Willie Dixon Story by Willie Dixon with Don Snowden -- book review by Chris Goodrich (11/21/1990 edition of The Los Angeles Times) "I'd Rather Go Blind" performed by Etta James (Montreaux, 1975) "Illustrator William Stout's Legends of the Blues - exclusive excerpt" by Mark Frauenfelder (Boing Boing) Interview with Robert Gordon, author of Can't Be Statisfied: The Life and Times of Muddy Waters (Fresh Air, 11/28/2008) Koko Taylor Remembrance (Chicago Blues Guide) The Last Waltz (bobmargolin.com) "The Living Legends of Blues" with Muddy Waters, Koko Taylor, B.B. King, James Cotton, John Lee Hooker & Blind John Davis (1978) "Pop Music’s Dreamgirl Awakens Her Earthy Side" by Alan Light (The New York Times, 11/14/2008) "Queen of the Blues: Koko Taylor Talks About Her Subjects" by James Plath (Clockwatch Review) Rosa's Lounge Save Muddy Waters' House "Ten Years Ago" -- Buddy Guy & Junior Wells (Live at the Montreaux Jazz Festival, 1974) When I Left Home: My Story by Buddy Guy and David Ritz -- book review by Arlene R. Weiss (Guitar International, 9/11/2012) Willie Dixon's Blues Heaven Foundation Windy City Blues Society Mingus Awarenss Project Concert at The Camel Mark your calendars! The next Mingus Awareness Project concert happens soon -- Sunday, July 27th (7 p.m.) The Camel Details TBA. Check back soon for more details! Armitage Arts Festival Updates Plans for the upcoming Armitage Arts Festival (September 6th) are coming together! We've been having meetings over the past several months, and we've got great programming lined up for the fest -- performances, workshops, mini-parades, and other activities at the Segundo Ruiz Belvis Cultural Center, Rosa's Lounge, Mozart Park and Weegee's Lounge. Click here to find out about the Armitage Arts Festival!	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28969
__label__wiki	0.501797	0.501797	Questions answered on surgery’s new bookings A NEW system that sees patients have a consultation with the GP on the phone before seeing could help save a struggling surgery. At a meeting on Tuesday, questions were asked about the Bradford Health Centre’s new telephone-first system, which aims to free up doctors’ time. The change came after the health centre declared itself a vulnerable practice, meaning it is understaffed and struggling to see patients. Former town councillor Pam Hyde who lives in Woolley Street has had trouble booking appointments in the past. She said: “If the surgery was a school, it would be put into special measures. “I am pleased to see the surgery declared itself vulnerable and is getting more help with its services, which is a good thing. “I think now we just need to keep an eye on how it is doing and hope that the new phone system and other measures help it improve. “Everyone in the town wants to see it succeed, we would all hate to see it close so we are rooting for it to be successful. It is the only one we have in the town now. Locality manager Amanda Brookes said: “We saw the need for change in 2017 when we declared ourself a vulnerable practice. “We didn’t go about this change lightly, we spent over three years trying different models, comparing how many telephone calls we get in the morning compared to how many face-to- faces we can conduct. “We have taken advice from NHS improvement and talked to other large practices who are using a similar approach.” Many members of the public at the meeting were shocked to learn of the extreme pressures doctors and practice staff are under, following the presentation at the area board. Cllr Laura Mayes, cabinet member for public heath, said: “We as a community can help the surgery by supporting groups and helping people access alternative services such as social clubs to take the pressure off our GPs, when some patients aren’t needing treatment but feel like they have nowhere else to go. “We have to help the surgery which is under immense pressure in anyway we possibly can.” Adventurers complete the USA’s 2,653-mile Pacific Crest Trail Receptionist defrauded Malmesbury hotel of more than £6,000 Posted on30th November 2019	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28972
__label__wiki	0.669678	0.669678	Researchers Develop Artificial Nerves that Move Dead Insects’ Legs HOME News Science/Tech A New Milestone in Robot Development By Jung Suk-yee June 5, 2018, 10:59 A Seoul National University research team has developed artiticial nerves that can move the legs of dead insects, setting a new milestone for robot development. Seoul National University researchers have developed artificial nerves that can move the legs of dead insects. Seoul National University announced on June 1 that the joint research team of Lee Tae-woo, professor of material engineering and Zhenan Bao, professor of Stanford University, developed artificial sensory nerves that mimic biological tactile nerves using flexible organic devices. If the artificial nerve developed by the research team is attached to a dead insect, it can move the insect's legs with pressure. The researchers explained that the artificial nerve is similar to a human peripheral nerve that responds immediately to pressure. The artificial nerve consists of a pressure sensor that mimics a vital skin tactile receptor, an organic ring oscillator that mimics biological neurons (nerve cells), and an organic synapse transistor that mimics biological synapses (neurons and joints of neurons). In case of creatures, when pressure is applied to the skin, it is converted to a pressure voltage, which is delivered to the neuron. Then it moves through the synapse and the voltage stimulates the motor neurons, causing movements of the body. The artificial nerve also works through this procedure. Pressure information from artificial tactile receptors passes through artificial neurons and turns into action potentials, stimulating artificial synapses. The researchers explained that when a soft robot is equipped with an artificial nerve, the robot can move like a human being. They said the artificial nerve can even interpret Braille, the writing system for the blind. Professor Lee said, "We have presented a new milestone in the development of robots that act like humans and prosthetic devices for people with disabilities in parts of their nerves." The results of the study were published in the international journal, Science on June 1. #artificial nerves #move the legs of dead insects #artificial sensory nerves #Science #robot Hanwha Focuses on Collaborative Robots to Fuel Its Future Growth Leaders in Robot, Drone, AI, VR and AR Get Together in S. Korea on June 28 ‘Robot World 2018’ to Offer Direction for the Fourth Industrial Revolution	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28976
__label__wiki	0.889413	0.889413	Part of complete coverage from John Avlon: Commentaries Murkowski victory a stinging rebuke to Palin and extreme partisans By John P. Avlon, CNN Contributor Sen. Lisa Murkowski, R-Alaska, walks through the halls of the U.S. Capitol on November 15. Lisa Murkowski's write-in victory has important implications, says John P. Avlon He says it shows that closed partisan primaries result in extreme candidates Avlon says the results show Palin is less powerful than many assume Avlon: Murkowski strengthens the centrist cause in the GOP Editor's note: John P. Avlon is a CNN contributor and senior political columnist for The Daily Beast. He is the author of "Wingnuts: How the Lunatic Fringe Is Hijacking America." New York (CNN) -- Sen. Lisa Murkowski's win should be a wake-up call for the Republican Party. The Alaska senator's courageous decision to fight on after losing a closed partisan primary was rewarded with the first write-in Senate victory in a half-century. It is a stinging rebuke to Sarah Palin by her fellow Alaskans. It also represents a centrist reality check to the right-wing conservative populism which has dominated headlines over the past year. Now Murkowski will re-enter the Senate as a political force in her own right, liberated by this trial-by-fire election. Here are three lessons her victory should teach the GOP and Americans as a whole: Closed partisan primaries are a problem Murkowski's win is the latest evidence that closed partisan primaries are distorting our democracy -- and creating a particular problem for the Republican Party. Primary elections in which only those enrolled in a party can vote, empower candidates who appeal to hardcore party activists and ideologues, but not the electorate at large. Palin said Murkowski "reneged on her primary vow to not contest the will of the people" -- but she makes a fundamental mistake. The primary does not represent the will of the people, it represents the will of the party, and the two are not the same. Only 18 percent of the total Alaskan electorate voted in the primary, which Murkowski lost by less than 2,000 votes. She -- and any other candidate -- deserved to have a chance to present her case to all the voters, especially in a state like Alaska, where independents outnumber Democrats or Republicans. Closed primaries are one of the forces that pull the parties to the extremes, increasing their polarization and their disconnect with voters in the center. Closed primaries gave the GOP losing candidates like Christine O'Donnell, Sharron Angle and Carl Paladino, folks who appeal to the intense fringe but alienate the moderate majority of voters. Sarah Palin is not that powerful -- even in her backyard The Palins are media celebrities at this point, but their political power is overstated outside her passionate conservative populist base. The reality is that Palin is deeply polarizing in the Republican Party and even in her home state. Murkowski: 'We made history' Closed primaries are one of the forces that pull the parties to the extremes. --John P. Avlon Lisa Murkowski Murkowski's win was a direct repudiation of Palin's chosen nominee, Joe Miller. And while the Murkowski and Palin families have a political rivalry that resembles the Hatfields and the McCoys, it's still significant that the newly elected Murkowski is speaking out against a possible Palin 2012 run in terms you rarely hear in Washington. "She would not be my choice," she told CBS News. "I just do not think she has those leadership qualities, that intellectual curiosity that allows for building good and great policies. You know, she was my governor for two years, about two years there, and I don't think that she enjoyed governing. I don't think she liked to get down into the policy." That's a kind of brutal honesty that hasn't been directed at Palin from within the GOP to date. The GOP needs its centrists Murkowski was attacked as representing the "center-right" by Sarah Palin in the primary, and even called an "out of touch liberal" -- from the far-right's perspective, anyone who doesn't agree with them 100 percent of the time on social and fiscal issues is often dismissed as a liberal. Murkowski now stands as one of the leaders of Republican centrists in the Senate alongside Massachusetts' Scott Brown, Illinois' Mark Kirk and Maine's Olympia Snowe and Susan Collins. It is a distinguished but dwindling tradition, but Murkowski's win is a reminder that it is important to the GOP's long-term success. And for those who foresee nothing but gridlock from the closely-divided Senate, these GOP centrists, working together with Democratic centrist senators, could hold the balance of power and allow bipartisan legislation to move forward. Not incidentally, all these GOP centrists are pro-choice (and most are more fiscally conservative than the bring-home-the-bacon Murkowski). In contrast, it's worth considering that of the five statewide candidates the Republican Party put forward who opposed abortion even in the cases of rape and incest, four went down to defeat in an otherwise overwhelmingly Republican year: Joe Miller, Nevada's Sharron Angle, Colorado's Ken Buck, and New York's Carl Paladino. The bottom line is that the GOP needs both wings to fly in the future, not just the right wing. Lisa Murkowski has every right to be, not only gratified, but liberated by her historic win. She refused to put the party's primary process before the people of Alaska. She was unceremoniously stripped of her committee chairmanships when she decided to carry on her campaign, but now comes to Washington with her reputation enhanced. Murkowski is not and was never the "out of touch liberal" that Palin described. She fought against the conservative populist tide in an unrepresentative closed primary and was rewarded by a historic endorsement by the people of Alaska as a result. It should be a wake-up call to Washington and a reminder to the Republican Party that it is ultimately accountable to a group far broader than just its activist class. The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of John P. Avlon.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28979
__label__wiki	0.99845	0.99845	8 killed, 3 injured in Honduras bus attack By the CNN Wire Staff Gunmen opened fire on a private bus in Honduras on Thursday night, killing eight people and injuring three others. NEW: Photos from the scene show bus seats stained with blood, covered with glass NEW: Police are investigating whether the attack was connected with drug trafficking A security official says 4 women and 4 minors were killed Federal officials are heading to the scene to investigate Tegucigalpa, Honduras (CNN) -- Eight people were killed and three others were injured after a group of gunmen opened fire on a private bus in Honduras, officials said. The small bus was carrying a family when gunmen ambushed it Thursday night, fireman Angel Urbina said. Photos that firefighters took after the attack showed a woman slumped over, her head on a seat covered with blood stains and shattered glass. Outside the bus, rescuers surrounded a child covered with blood. Body bags sat on the roadside while investigators examined the scene. The Thursday night attack appeared to target one or two of the people on the bus, which was traveling from the city of Catacamas to the city of Juticalpa, security ministry spokesman Leonel Sauceda said. Police were investigating whether the attack was connected with drug trafficking, and whether it was connected with another attack nearby where three people were shot, Sauceda said. Four women and four minors were among those killed, Sauceda said. "They opened fire without taking into account that there were innocent people inside the bus," Sauceda told CNN affiliate Televicentro. Three people were hospitalized with injuries, Sauceda said. Federal security officials were on the way to the scene late Thursday to investigate, he said. CNN's Nelson Quinones and journalist Elvin Sandoval contributed to this report.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28980
__label__wiki	0.615585	0.615585	Prop 8 NOT Overturned: Condolences for Marriage Premature Family> Marriage Reality Articles Marriage General Bishops: Stand Steadfastly and Pray Prop 8 Future Still Unresolved DOMA Ramifications Are Broad By William B. May SAN FRANCISCO, June 26, 2013--The US Bishops issued a statement calling today’s Supreme Court decisions a “profound injustice,” and a “tragic day for marriage and our nation.” The Supreme Court overturned the federal definition of marriage as between one man and one woman, and failed to make a decision on the merits of Prop 8 leaving the will of California voters in jeopardy on a technicality. These are significant challenges, but we must not become discouraged or lose hope. Heed what our bishop told us in their statement today: “Now that the Supreme Court has issued its decisions, with renewed purpose we call upon all of our leaders and the people of this good nation to stand steadfastly together in promoting and defending the unique meaning of marriage: one man, one woman, for life. We also ask for prayers as the Court’s decisions are reviewed and their implications further clarified.” Proposition 8 Not Overturned (See update) It is important to understand that the US Supreme Court did not overturn Prop 8, but avoided making a decision on it. More importantly, they invalidated the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruling that found Prop 8 broadly unconstitutional for different reasons than offered by Judge Walker in Federal District Court. His decision only applied to four plaintiffs in two California counties. The stay of Judge Walker’s decision issued by the Ninth Circuit is still in effect and will remain so for the next 25 days. Further, our Prop 8 legal defense team tells us that Prop 8 is still in effect statewide “because only an appellate court can strike down a voter proposition statewide.” This means there will be more litigation. Prop 8 defense general counsel, Andy Pugno said, “we will continue to defend Prop 8 and seek its enforcement until such time as there is a binding statewide order that renders Prop 8 unenforceable.” It is unfortunate that most people think of marriage only as an adult centric institution and fail to recognize that marriage between a man and a woman creates the only civil institution specifically geared to unite kids with their moms and dads. Because of that, most failed to recognize that Judge Walker created an entirely new definition of marriage in the Prop 8 trial that he used to justify his conclusion that the voters were bigots for passing the constitutional amendment defining marriage. Justice Kennedy seemed to come to the same conclusion in the DOMA case discussed below. The unwillingness of the Court to rule on the merits of California voters defining marriage is perplexing because the court has been so clear on the states’ rights to do so. Striking down the provision of DOMA that defines marriage for the purpose of federal programs and policies could have wide ramifications and unintended consequences beyond imagination. Again, the problem is that people have been exclusively focused on benefits for adults rather than whether it is constitutional to have a civil institution that is geared to united kids with their moms and dads. We have too many fatherless homes giving rise to horrendous human and social consequences, yet the Court has just eliminated that institution from the law without, I am sure, even considering the consequences. While the Court only considered the unfairness of the federal government denying “marriage” benefits to same-sex couples in states that have decided to do so, the current case did not offer an opportunity to explore impacts on other federal policies such as those stemming from the Department of Education. Also, what about a same-sex couple receiving benefits in one state that has redefined marriage who move to a state that has not redefined marriage. Do they lose those benefits? Expect more legal challenges in states that have laws and constitutional amendments protecting marriage. We are convinced, because marriage is seen as merely the committed relationship for the benefit of adults, it is futile to argue about whether same-sex couples meet qualifications for their relationships to be recognized as marriage. By doing so, people unwittingly accept the false premise that marriage is an adult centric institution as offered by our opponents, and further obscure what is really at stake when marriage is redefined. Redefining marriage is not about gay participation in marriage as most believe. Redefining marriage eliminates all authority to promote the unique value of men and women marrying before having children, i.e. it becomes discriminatory to do that. We must ask where do children and young adults learn about the meaning and purpose of marriage and why it is important to seek it as the foundation of their own families? How will we reduce the breakdown of marriage that is touching almost every family, and the increased number of fatherless children if the young are required to be taught that marriage has no relationship to mothers and fathers, children and family? Do we need a civil institution that unites kids with their moms and dads? Yes or no? These are questions that demand answers. Today’s decisions serve to underscore the need to rethink how we communicate about what marriage is. Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results. NEW Video Bishop Barron on Capitalism and Social Teaching NEW The deeper meaning of romantic love (video) What you believe makes a difference (video) Getting Scientific About Love Pope Benedict Calls Eucharist 'Antidote' to Modern Ills Changing Language is Changing the Culture Abp Chaput's Message for Evangelization of Culture A Right to a Child? On the Demise of Fatherhood (More Feature Articles) USCCB's U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops California Catholic Conference For Your Marriage -USCCB Daily Mass Readings Divine Office--Podcasts Concern related links On the occasion of his beatification see CCG's tribute to Blessed John Paul II, "Doctor of Truth" Lord, inspire all we do and help us as we do it, so that everything we undertake begins from you and reaches its completion through you. Next WFL Home : about us : social teaching : catholic action : resources : join : support : contact us : privacy policy life : family : freedom : social conditions Copyright © 2004–2012 Catholics for the Common Good® Permission granted for use of content with attribution to ccgaction.org.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28984
__label__cc	0.698415	0.301585	Harvesting and Using Salsify Connie Krochmal Salsify roots are usually harvested after a frost. This winter root crop is very versatile. Harvesting Salsify It is easier to harvest salsify when the soil is moist. Water the soil before harvesting if necessary. Salsify is generally best left in the ground until just before the ground becomes so frozen that the crop can’t be dug. Salsify roots generally taste best after a frost. Assuming the ground isn’t frozen, the harvest can continue into early spring. In any case, black salsify is best to harvest before the plant begins to flower the second year. Uses for Salsify This root crop looks somewhat like parsnips. Once these roots are peeled, they can begin to oxidize. They’re generally peeled before the roots are eaten. These roots can be stored for a short time in root cellars. They can also be stored for several weeks in a refrigerator. If stored for long periods, the roots tend to become shriveled and lose some of their flavor. Salsify has been used to make fish stock because the roots have an oyster-like flavor, which is why this is sometimes called vegetable oyster. The roots have even been used as a substitute for oysters. The flavor is mild, so avoid using strong tasting seasonings with this. Salsify roots have many culinary uses. This very versatile root crop can be baked, steamed, braised, fried, boiled and mashed, pickled, and sautéed in butter. The roots can be used as a substitute for carrots. Raw salsify roots can be added to salads. These roots are suitable for drying. This can also be added to stews, made into fritters and cream soup. Salsify combines well with mushrooms. Salsify leaves can be used raw in salads. The cooked leaves are eaten as a green. The shoots can be blanched and eaten much like asparagus. The blossoms and flower buds are eaten cooked and pickled. “Thomas Jefferson’s Cookbook”, which was published by the University of Virginia Press, included recipes and ideas for preparing salsify. For one recipe, these were cooked and mashed and formed into small cakes like pancakes. The book also had suggestions on using this in a casserole that contained cooked salsify, bread crumbs, seasonings, flour, butter, and milk. Another suggestion was to fry the roots. In addition to its many culinary uses, this plant has served various other purposes. The natives of British Columbia have chewed the latex from the roots like chewing gum. Content copyright © 2019 by Connie Krochmal. All rights reserved. This content was written by Connie Krochmal. If you wish to use this content in any manner, you need written permission. Contact Connie Krochmal for details. Do you have a question or landscaping tip? Post it here! Landscaping Forum Supreme Cantaloupe and Tiki Torch Echinaceas Introduction to Pitahaya/Night Blooming Cereus Profumo and Round Midnight Basils Fredonia and Campbell's Early Grapes Subscribe for free weekly updates from this Landscaping site. Follow Landscaping Landscaping Categories Herbs for the Landscape Indoor Landscapes and Houseplants Landscape Design & Software Ponds & Waterfalls Seasons and Special Occasions The Edible Landscape	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28993
__label__cc	0.744867	0.255133	The Village At Grand Traverse Commons Hazel M. Freeman The Village at Grand Traverse Commons, formerly the Traverse City State Hospital and the Northern Michigan Asylum, is one of the most extensive historical restoration projects in America. Not only are dozens of buildings being restored, but they are also being repurposed, and used for redevelopment space. The Village is situated on 500-acres, of which, about 400-acres is a pristine park-like setting. Located just one-mile from downtown Traverse City, the Village is alive with festivals, farmers markets, shops, galleries and more. I had the pleasure of wandering amid the beautiful architecture and experiencing the amazing variety of shops, galleries, and fabulous food spots on a visit to the Traverse City area a while back. To see such magnificent old buildings restored and given new life in such a beautiful and constructive way was simply amazing. If only all cities could have such vision for their old structures, buildings, and land areas. The Minervini Group is painstakingly renovating the beautiful 63-acre campus at the Village at Grand Traverse Commons. It was once home to 3000+ residents, most of who worked, farmed, and walked freely amongst the beautiful architecture. Ray Minervini's vision was to revive the historic site into a thriving community of homes, artists, restaurants, retail, a bakery, coffee houses, and now a winery. His hope was for a lively community similar to what one would find in Europe. Building 50, the central building, has some sprawling 400,000 square feet of space. A trip below ground level in Building 50 brings you to the Mercato the main shopping venue of the Village. With its beautifully bricked walls, inviting arched doorways, and masterful artwork and vendor displays you can’t help but feel the urge to shop. Retail shops include: women’s apparel, fine jewelry, handmade soaps and herbal concoctions, floral designs, original art work, spices, sweet treats, and fine wines and food. Located in nearby buildings 67 & 69, you’ll find the decadent creations of The Underground Cheesecake Company. Here you can indulge in not only luscious cheesecakes but also cheesecake on a stick, cookies, brownies, carrot cake, pumpkin roll, gingerbread cookies, and white chocolate popcorn. Midwest Living Magazine named The Underground Cheesecake Company as one of the “Best of the Midwest” places to visit. In building 66 the Pleasanton Brick Oven Bakery is ready to tempt you with fresh baked artisan breads. The bakery boasts it is Northern Michigan’s only wood fired brick oven bakery. At the Pleasanton Brick Oven Bakery they pride themselves on using organic Michigan grown grains and thereby supporting many local Michigan farms. They also use a natural leavening process (similar to sour-dough technique) that gives a slow rise and takes 8-24 hours from mixing to packaging. The Pleasanton Brick Oven Bakery is also known for their pies, cookies, muffins, bagels and fruit bars. Located in building 53 is The Higher Grounds Trading Company a small-batch coffee roastery and coffee bar. At the Higher Grounds you can find a wide selection of 100% fair-trade, organic, fresh-roasted coffee from around the world. They pride themselves in offering their customers premium, gourmet, hand-crafted coffees that support sustainable development and environmental preservation. They also offer fair-trade olive oil and fair-trade chocolate. Higher Grounds also supports their own non-profit action group, On the Ground, where they work to bring fresh drinking water, education and healthcare to underprivileged coffee-growing communities. If ever you wanted to feel good about drinking a cup of coffee, giving your business to The Higher Grounds Trading Company, will get you there. Also in building 66 is Left Foot Charley, the regions first urban winery. Left Foot Charley’s works with small local vineyards that range in size from 1-6 acres. Their focus is on Riesling, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grigio, and Gewurtztramier type grapes because they thrive in Northern Michigan. You can also find a variety of hard ciders including: oak cinnamon, and honey on tap, made with 100% Michigan grown apples. For more info on any of the above you can visit the following websites. www.thevillagetc.com www.highergroundstrading.com, www.undergroundcheesecake.com, www.pleasantonbakery.com www.leftfootcharley.com For more info on Traverse City visit: www.traversecity.com, or call Toll Free: (800) 940-1120 or Local (231) 947-1120 For info on visiting Michigan visit: www.michigan.org/ Guide to Chocolate in Grand Traverse Michigan Sleeping Bear Dunes #1 Most Beautiful in America Winter Fun At Michigan’s Shanty Creek Resort Content copyright © 2019 by Hazel M. Freeman. All rights reserved. This content was written by Hazel M. Freeman. If you wish to use this content in any manner, you need written permission. Contact Hazel M. Freeman for details. Need more travel information? Have a question to ask, or comment you´d like to share about a Senior Travel related subject? If so please place a post in the Senior Travel Forum, we´d like to hear from you. Senior Travel Forum Winter Fun In Michigan's Upper Peninsula Door County Wisconsin is a Winter Treat Art in Taos, New Mexico Tips for Solo Travelers Subscribe for free weekly updates from this Senior Travel site. Follow Senior Travel Senior Travel Categories Ability Travel B & B´s and Recipes ShareThe Fun	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28994
__label__cc	0.533234	0.466766	Розділ Prize winners In Lutsk, the memory of Victor Cheblyn was honored 27.10.2016 Рубрика:Have honor, Media About Us, Prize winners In Lutsk, in the framework of the project “Honor I Have” and with the assistance of the regional charity fund “Ridna Volyn”, the memory of Viktor M. Cheblin was given. He is an outstanding figure of culture and art of Volyn, Honored Worker of Culture of Ukraine, director of the Lutsk Cultural and Educational School in 1962-1983. On the initiative of th... Second Prize named after Borys Klimchuk, Museum of the Volyn Icon for the Preservation and Restoration of the Icon of the Holy Blessed Virgin of Holom 29.12.2015 Рубрика:Prize winners Blessed Virgin, save us. Already for 15 years Kholmsky miraculous icon of the Mother of God is located in the Museum of Volyn Icon. The speaker of the Volyn diocese took part in the theme evening devoted to the Holmes Icon of the Mother of God. First prize of Borys Klimchuk-Andriy Snitko On September 28, 2015 during the award ceremony “People of the Year 2015, Volyn” for the first time in the history of the Volyn region was awarded the Boris Klimchuk Prize, founded by the charity fund “Ridna Volyn”. The prize was awarded to a posthumous 18-year-old native. Gorayimovka Manevitskogo district police officers of the special battalion of special purpose “Azov” Andriy Snitko (call “Khoma”). He died on August 19, 2014 in the ATO zone, cov...	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line28995
__label__wiki	0.796863	0.796863	Serum concentration of IL-6, IL-2, TNF-α, and IFNγ in Vitiligo patients Suman Singh1, Usha Singh1, SS Pandey2 1 Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India 2 Department of Dermatology, and Venereology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India Date of Web Publication 10-Mar-2012 Suman Singh Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005 Background: Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting disorder characterized by the loss of functional melanocytes from the epidermis. Although the etiology of vitiligo is unknown, over the last few years, substantial data from clinical research has greatly supported the 'Autoimmune theory' and this is supported by the frequent association of vitiligo with disorders that have an autoimmune origin, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves disease, type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and Addison's disease. As cytokines are important mediators of immunity, there is evidence to suggest that they play a major role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Aim: Keeping this in view we have assayed sera for cytokine IL-6, IL-2, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IFNγ in 80 cases of vitiligo and compared it with healthy subjects, in order to find out whether they play a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo or not. Materials and Methods: Serum IL-6, IL-2, TNF-α, and IFNγ were done by the indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The mean serum IL-6 and IL-2 levels in the patient group were significantly higher when compared with those of the normal controls. The mean serum IFNγ level in patients with vitiligo was significantly lower than that in the control group. There was no significant difference in the serum level of TNF-α between vitiligo and healthy controls. Conclusion : An increase in the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-2 in vitiligo patients may play an important role in melanocytic cytotoxicity. Thus, we speculate that the cytokine production of epidermal microenvironment may be involved in vitiligo. Keywords: Cytokines, IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-alpha, vitiligo Singh S, Singh U, Pandey S S. Serum concentration of IL-6, IL-2, TNF-α, and IFNγ in Vitiligo patients. Indian J Dermatol 2012;57:12-4 Singh S, Singh U, Pandey S S. Serum concentration of IL-6, IL-2, TNF-α, and IFNγ in Vitiligo patients. Indian J Dermatol [serial online] 2012 [cited 2020 Jan 19];57:12-4. Available from: http://www.e-ijd.org/text.asp?2012/57/1/12/92668 Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting disorder, characterized by the loss of functional melanocytes from the epidermis. About one to two percent of the world's population suffers from this disorder, without any regard to ethnic, racial, or socioeconomic background. [1] Although the etiology of vitiligo is unknown, over the last few years, substantial data from the clinical research has greatly supported the 'Autoimmune theory' [2],[3] and this is supported by the frequent association of vitiligo with disorders that have an autoimmune origin including Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves disease, type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and Addison's disease. [4] As cytokines are important mediators of immunity and there are evidences to suggest that it plays a major role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including Hashimoto's thyroiditis [5] and insulin-dependent type-1 diabetes mellitus, [6] the alteration in the concentration of various cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-2, TNF-α, and IFNγ have been the subject of intensive investigations in autoimmune disorders, [4],[5],[7],[8] but only a few studies dealt with alterations in the serum concentration of cytokines in vitiligo. Keeping this in view we have assayed sera for cytokine IL-6, IL-2, TNF-α, and IFNγ in 80 cases of vitiligo and compared it with that of healthy subjects, in order to find out whether or not they play a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. A total of 80 patients with vitiligo were taken from the Outpatient Department of Dermatology and Venereology of the Sir Sunderlal Hospital, B.H.U., Varanasi, for a period of nine months. About 50 healthy controls from the staff and students of the institute were included in the study with no present or past history of autoimmune or any systemic disease. Clinical diagnosis of the patients was done by the dermatologist. Blood samples were taken when the patients first visited the dermatologist. The study was approved by the ethical committee of this institute and consent was given by all the patients enrolled in the study. Vitiligo patients included 49 cases (61.25%) of generalized vitiligo and 31cases (38.75%) of localized vitiligo. On the basis of stage, 44 cases (55%) were of stable stage (no change in the new lesions within the two months prior to the study, as observed by the patients) and 36 cases (45%) were of active stage (new lesions within the two months prior to the study, as observed by the patients). Exclusion criteria consisted of patients who had diabetes mellitus, thyroiditis, pernicious anemia, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and inflammatory skin diseases. The 80 patients included 48 (60%) males and 32 (40%) women. Laboratory Analysis-serum IL-6, IL-2, TNF-α, and IFNγ were done by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), kit of Immunotech, a Beckman Coulter company of France, supplied by M/S OSB Agencies Delhi, India. The statistical analysis of the data was done using the student's t-test for difference of mean, on SPSS for windows (version 16.0) statistical package (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) computer statistics program. P values less than 0.05 were taken as significant. The mean age of vitiligo patients and controls were 32.16±16.01 and 32.62±11.52 years, respectively. In vitiligo, the age of the patient varied from 10 to 65 years and in healthy volunteers from 19 to 60 years. The mean serum IL-6 and IL-2 levels in the patient group were significantly higher when compared with that of the normal controls (13.21±8.79 vs. 5.62±2.25 pg/ml and 17.52±6.82 vs. 3.18±2.03 pg/ml, respectively, [Table 1] and [Table 2]). Table 1: Serum concentration of IL-6 in vitiligo patients There was a significant relationship in IFNγ between the vitiligo and control groups. The mean serum IFNγ level in patients with vitiligo was significantly lower than in the control group (0.17±0.08 vs. 0.26±0.05 IU/ml, [Table 3]). Table 3: Serum concentration of Interferonã in vitiligo patients The mean serum TNF-α concentration was increased in the patient group as compared to the control group (7.88±3.11 vs. 7.22±4.01, [Table 4]), but there was no significant difference between the means of the two groups. Table 4: Serum concentration of Tumor necrosis factor á in vitiligo patients There was no significant difference in the serum level of IL-6, IL-2, TNF-α, and IFNγ between the active and stable cases of vitiligo. The mean IL-6 level was significantly elevated in patients with a duration of disease less than 15 years. In our study, the serum concentration of IL-6 was significantly elevated in the patients rather than in the controls. On further analysis it was found that IL-6 significantly increased in patients, in whom the duration of disease was more than 15 years. These results could be substantiated by the study of several workers on vitiligo cases. [9],[10],[11],[12] All these workers reported high IL-6 level in vitiligo patients. Il-6 was produced by mononuclear cells, which could induce the expression of ICAM-1 (intercellular cell adhesion molecules) on melanocytes, [13] which might then facilitate leukocyte-melanocyte interactions, leading to polyclonal B-cell activation and subsequently increasing autoantibody production, leading to immunological damage of the melanocytes. [14] Another interesting finding in this study is a decrease in the production of IFNγ in vitiligo, which may explain the poor cell-mediated immunity in these cases to some unknown antigens.[15] Similar to us, other workers [11] also reported decreased IFNγ in vitiligo. In our study, the serum concentration of TNF-α was increased in the vitiligo group, but statistically it was not significant. A weak, but existing relation between the serum levels and a possible intercutaneous role of TNF-α in vitiligo may be suggested. Similarly, Moretti et al., reported an increased TNF-α in the epidermis from vitiligo biopsies. [9],[16] TNF-α could contribute to keratinocyte apoptosis, which may result in autoimmune response and ultimately melanocyte disappearance.[15] It has also been reported that TNF-α leads to mitochondria-dependent cell death and activation of the inflammatory gene.[17] Contrary to this, Yu et al.[11] reported a significant decrease in TNF-α level in 12 non-segmental vitiligo patients. According to our study, the mean value of serum IL-2 has been significantly increased in vitiligo cases as compared to the controls. IL-2 is primarily produced by recently activated T cells, which act as growth and death factors for antigen-activated T lymphocytes and also promote the development of T regulatory cells. [18] The studies by Yeo et al.[19] and Galadari, [20] on 79 and 32 vitiligo patients, respectively, showed that the serum levels of sIL-R (soluble interleukin-2 receptor) were elevated in the patient group as compared to the controls. The sIL-2R was correlated with the amount of IL-2R expressed on the T cell, which in turn was stimulated by IL-2. [21],[22],[23] An increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-2, in vitiligo patients, may play an important role in melanocytic cytotoxicity. Thus, we speculate that the cytokine production of the epidermal microenvironment may be involved in vitiligo. Decreased concentration of IFNγ and a normal level of TNF-α suggest that probably TH1-mediated cell-mediated immunity is not involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo; however, the rise of IL-2 cannot be explained. Further studies with a larger sample size are suggested, to elucidate these issues in future. 1. Lerner AB. Vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 1959;32:285-310. 2. Ongenae K, van Geel N, Naeyaert JM. Evidence for an autoimmune pathogenesis of vitiligo. Pigment cell Res 2003;16:90-100. 3. van den Wijngaard R, Wankowicz Kalinska A, Pal S, Weening J, Das P. Autoimmune melanocyte destruction in vitiligo. Lab Invest 2001;81:1061-7. 4. Alkahateeb A, Fain PR, Thody A, Bennett DC, Spritz RA. Epidemiology of vitiligo and associated autoimmune diseases in Caucasian probands and their families. Pigment Cell Res 2003;16:208-14. 5. Paolieri F, Salmaso C, Battifora M, Montagna P, Pesce G, Bagnasco M. Possible pathogenetic relevance of interleukin-1â in 'destructive' organ-specific autoimmune disease (Hashimoto's thyroiditis). Ann New York Acad Sci 1999;876:221-8. 6. Espersen GT, Mathiesen O, Grunnet N, Jensen S, Ditzel J. Cytokine plasma levels and lymphocyte subsets in patients with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus before and following initial insulin treatment. APMIS 1993;101:703-6. 7. Ko YC, Kawai T. Interleukin-8. Rinsho Byori 1995;43:329-34. 8. Ajjan RA, Watson PF, McIntosh RS, Weetman AP. Intrathyroidal cytokine gene expression in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Clin Exp Immunol 1996;105:523-8. 9. Moretti S, Spallanzani A, Amato L, Hautmann G, Gallerani I, Fabiani M, et al. New insights into the pathogenesis of vitiligo: Imbalance of epidermal cytokines at sites of lesions. Pigment Cell Res 2002;15:87-92. 10. Pichler R, Sfetsos K, Badics B, Gutenbrunner S, Berg J, Auböck J. Lymphocyte imbalance in vitiligo patients indicated by elevated CD4C/CD8C T-cell ratio. Wien Med Wochenschr 2009;159:337-41. 11. Yu HS, Chang KL, Yu CL, Li HF, Wu MT, Wu CS, et al. Alterations in IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma release by peripheral mononuclear cells in patients with active vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 1997;108:527-9. 12. Zailaie MZ. Decreased proinflammatory cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from vitiligo patients following aspirin treatment. Saudi Med J 2005;26:799-805. 13. Kirnbauer R, Charvat B, Schauer K, Kock A, Urbanshi A, Forster E, et al. Modulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on human melanocytes and melanoma cells: Evidence for a regulatory role of IL-6, IL-7, TNF-á and UVB light. J Invest Dermatol 1992;98:320-6. 14. Morelli JG, Norris DA. Influence of inflammatory mediators and cytokines on human melanocyte function. J Invest Dermatol 1993;100:191-5. 15. Kao CH, Yu HS. Depletion and repopulation of Langerhans cells in non-segmental type vitiligo. J Dermatol 1990;17:287-96. 16. Moretti S, Fabbri P, Baroni G, Berti S, Bani D, Berti E, et al. Keratinocyte dysfunction in vitiligo epidermis: Cytokine microenvironment and correlation to keratinocyte apoptosis. Histol Histopathol 2009;24:849-57. 17. Wankowicz-Kalinska A, van Den Wijngaard RM, Tigges BJ, Westerhof W, Ogg GS, Cerundolo V, et al. Immunopolarization of CD4 + and Cd8+T cells to type-1-like is associated with melanocyte loss in human vitiligo. Lab Invest 2003;83:683-95. 18. Malek TR. The main function of IL-2 is to promote the development of T regulatory cells. J Leukoc Biol 2003;74:961-5. 19. Yeo UC, Yang YS, Park KB, Sung HT, Jung SY, Lee ES, et al. Serum concentration of the soluble interleukin-2 receptor in vitiligo patients. J Dermatol Sci 1999;19:182-8. 20. Galadari I. Serum levels of the soluble interleukin-2 receptor in vitiligo patients in UAE. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;37:109-11. 21. Goldsmith MA, Greene WC. Interleukin-2 and the interleukin-2 receptor. In: Thomson A, editor. The Cytokine Handbook, 2 nd ed. London: Academic Press; 1994. p. 55-80 22. Gaulton GN, Williamson P. Interleukin-2 and the interleukin-2 receptor complex. Chem Immunol 1994;59:91-114. 23. Rubin LA, Nelson DL. The soluble interleukin-2 receptor: Biology, function, and clinical application. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:619-27. [Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3], [Table 4] 1 Increased circulating Th17 cells and elevated serum levels of TGF-beta and IL-21 are correlated with human non-segmental vitiligo development Li Zhou,Yu-Ling Shi,Kai Li,Iltefat Hamzavi,Tian-Wen Gao,Richard H. Huggins,Henry W. Lim,Qing-Sheng Mi Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research. 2015; : n/a 2 Expression levels and genetic polymorphisms of interleukin-2 and interleukin-10 as biomarkers of Gravesæ disease Cuige Liang,Wenhua Du,Qingyu Dong,Xiaomeng Liu,Wenxia Li,Yueli Wang,Guanqi Gao Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 2015; 3 The combination of tumour necrosis factor-a -308A and interleukin-10 -1082G gene polymorphisms and increased serum levels of related cytokines: susceptibility to vitiligo I. E. Aydingöz,M. Kanmaz-Özer,A. Gedikbasi,P. Vural,S. Dogru-Abbasoglu,M. Uysal Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 2014; : n/a 4 Recent advances in childhood vitiligo Nanette B. Silverberg Clinics in Dermatology. 2014; 5 Pediatric Vitiligo Pediatric Clinics of North America. 2014; 6 A Quantitative Increase in Regulatory T Cells Controls Development of Vitiligo Shilpak Chatterjee,Jonathan M Eby,Amir A Al-Khami,Myroslawa Soloshchenko,Hee-Kap Kang,Navtej Kaur,Osama S Naga,Anuradha Murali,Michael I Nishimura,I Caroline Le Poole,Shikhar Mehrotra Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2013; 7 T helper and regulatory T cell cytokine profile in active, stable and narrow band ultraviolet B treated generalized vitiligo Manoj Kumar Tembhre,Vinod Kumar Sharma,Alpana Sharma,Parthaprasad Chattopadhyay,Somesh Gupta Clinica Chimica Acta. 2013; 424: 27 8 Decreased regulatory T-cells and CD4+/CD8+ratio correlate with disease onset and progression in patients with generalized vitiligo Mitesh Dwivedi,Naresh C. Laddha,Prateek Arora,Yogesh S. Marfatia,Rasheedunnisa Begum Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research. 2013; 26(4): 586 9 The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-a in the Pathogenesis of Vitiligo Carlos R. Camara-Lemarroy,Julio C. Salas-Alanis American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 2013; 14(5): 343 10 Evaluation of a standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba in vitiligo remedy Abu-Raghif, A.R., Ali, N.M., Farhood, I.G., Hameed, M.F., Sahib, H.B. Source of the Document Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 2013; [Pubmed] 11 Potential advantages of simvastatin as a novel anti-vitiligo arsenal Feily, A., Baktash, D., Mohebbipour, A. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 2013; Singh S Singh U Pandey S S IFN-gamma Article in PDF (417 KB) Cited by others 11	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29004
__label__cc	0.678728	0.321272	Earth Science Week About ESW Order Toolkit K-5 GeoSource Critical Zones Handout 2016 2 pages. An activity to familiarize students with the geoheritage of volcanism in the Valles Caldera. Exploring Geoheritage From Space Great images of geoheritage sites can be found everywhere. But no one holding a camera on Earth can “back away” far enough to get the extraordinary perspective captured by NASA satellites. In celebration of Earth Science Week 2016, NASA's Earth Observatory has created a special collection of images and articles showcasing geoheritage sites in America’s National Parks. Exploring Geoheritage Through EarthCaching An EarthCache is a special site that people can visit to learn about a unique geoscience feature or aspect of our Earth. Visitors to EarthCache sites can see how our planet has been shaped by geological processes, how we manage the resources and how scientists gather evidence to learn about the Earth. Global GIS Lesson In this lesson, students use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) together with the tools and data from the North America Global GIS CD to investigate earthquakes, volcanoes, and population from a local to global scale. Predict the Flow Ever play with clay? Using a common modeling compound, you can form a “volcano” and examine its topography to predict which way lava will flow down its slopes. You could also investigate mud flows or debris flows. The Mountain Blows its Top Students will observe fault movements on a model of the earth's surface. Tree Rings and Ancient Climatic Conditions How do archaeologists learn about climatic conditions and their effects on people in the past? In 1815, Mount Tambora in Indonesia erupted so violently that the sound of the eruption could be heard 1,600 miles away. Gases from the volcano shot into the stratosphere almost six miles above the Earth’s surface and lingered for years. Sulfur dioxide combined with water molecules to form sulfate particles that reflected sunlight away from Earth, gradually causing the planet’s surface to cool. The colder temperatures caused severe weather events worldwide. Visualizing terrain with maps Traditional geologic maps — sometimes crisscrossed with lines, blotted with colors, and marked with strike and dip symbols — have been used to depict the geologic makeup of the Earth for many years. New technologies such as satellite-enabled remote sensing are allowing geoscientists to create and use maps of greater richness and complexity than ever before. Copyright 2020. American Geosciences Institute. All rights reserved.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29006
__label__wiki	0.515488	0.515488	Shut Up and Sing. I Really Mean It Michelle announced on the Leno show last Friday that she has Sting on her iPod , and the next thing you know we get this: Sting: Obama Best Person to Handle World’s ‘mess’ In addition to believing he’s the world’s savior, something else Sting shares with Obama: like dogs that look like their masters Sting explains the basis for his assessment, based on a meeting he had with Obama (no time for General McChrystal, but time for an aging rock star?): "I can't think of any be (sic) better qualified because of his background, his education, particularly in regard to Islam," he said. Sting, 58, said he's hopeful that the world's problems can be dealt with, but is frustrated that "we seem to be living in a currency of medieval ideas." The problem, according to the great statesman, lies not with Islam’s embrace of medieval ideas regarding women, infidels, etc., but with Obama’s opponents on the right: The British singer… said he's fascinated by American politics, Obama, and also by Obama's opponents on the right. "It's aggressive and violent and full of fear," he said of the backlash against Obama. "They don't want change, they want things to feel the same because they feel safe there." With such powers of analysis, Sting would be wise to heed Laura Ingraham’s advice: Shut up and sing. And maybe he should revisit one of his own songs: If Ever I Lose My Faith In You You could say I lost my faith in science and progress You could say I lost my belief in the holy church You could say I lost my sense of direction You could say all of this and worse but There'd be nothing left for me to do Some would say I was a lost man in a lost world You could say I lost my faith in the people on TV You could say I'd lost my belief in our politicians They all seemed like game show hosts to me I could be lost inside their lies without a trace But every time I close my eyes I see your face I never saw no miracle of science That didn't go from a blessing to a curse I never saw no military solution That didn't always end up as something worse but Let me say this first Ironic that Sting doesn’t recognize Barry as the prototype for his “game show host” lyric. Posted by DEWEY FROM DETROIT at 9:04 AM Hammer Time With Krauthammer & Friends Another Crack at Stupid Gurus “Come To Me, My Babies. Let Me Quell Your Pain”* Free Lunch. With Dessert! Speak No Evil, If by Evil You Mean “Disagreement W... Unemployment: Red or Blue? You Pick The Clothes Have No Emperor Soupy Sales 1926 - 2009 7 Lies in Under 2 Minutes Health Care For Me, But Not For Thee Stop Acting Stupidly Network Lapdogs Join White House Pit Bulls in Pack... Dewey’s Theory of Relativity Bifurcated Hypocrisy of the Day Team Dewey Celebrates a Great Run Michigan Doubles Down You Can’t Handle The Solution! Goodbye Columbus, Redux Welcome Back, “Welcome Back Carter” Who Didn’t Win the Nobel Peace Prize Ambient Psycho-Pathologies Go Viral It’s the Economy, Stupid Dr. O No! Time Doesn’t Know the Half Of It The Prime Minister Rocks! “ Jane, You Ignorant Slut” * Sarkozy Thinks Obama Is All “Oui Oui-ed” Up NO-LYMPICS Yes Virginia, There is Evil in the World Today was the 4th annual Women's March...Does it still matter? NEWS YOU CAN USE: Long Range Shooting Handbook: Complete Beginner’s Guide to Long Range Shooting…. Former Iranian Crown Prince: 'Islamic Republic Regime Could Be Months Away from Collapse'	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29013
__label__wiki	0.537505	0.537505	calories in yogurt yogurt nutrition facts protein in yogurt carbs in yogurt fat in yogurt sugar in yogurt sodium in yogurt potassium in yogurt saturated fat in yogurt cholesterol in yogurt magnesium in yogurt iron in yogurt fiber in yogurt calcium in yogurt zinc in yogurt vitamin a in yogurt vitamin c in yogurt vitamin d in yogurt vitamin k in yogurt vitamin b12 in yogurt vitamin b6 in yogurt folic acid in yogurt riboflavin in yogurt phosphorus in yogurt niacin in yogurt thiamine in yogurt Home / Nutrition / Water / yogurt Amount of Water in Yogurt Welcome to the nutritional water content in 64 different types of yogurt, ranging from 87.9 g to 1.91 g per 100g. The basic type of yogurt is Tofu yogurt, where the amount of water in 100g is 77.5 g. For a typical serving size of 1 cup (or 262 g) the amount of Water is 203.05 g. Top twenty yogurt products high in water Below is a summary list for the top twenty yogurt items ranked by the amount or level of water in 100g. 1. Yogurt, plain, whole milk, 8 grams protein per 8 ounce : 87.9g 2. Yogurt, vanilla or lemon flavor, nonfat milk, sweetened with low-calorie sweetener : 87.43g 3. Yogurt, vanilla or lemon flavor, nonfat milk, sweetened with low-calorie sweetener, fortified with vitamin D : 87.43g 4. KRAFT BREYERS LIGHT Nonfat Strawberry Yogurt (with Aspartame and Fructose Sweeteners) : 86g 5. Yogurt, plain, skim milk, 13 grams protein per 8 ounce : 85.23g 6. Yogurt, Greek, plain, nonfat : 85.1g 7. Yogurt, plain, low fat, 12 grams protein per 8 ounce : 85.07g 8. SILK Plain soy yogurt : 84.67g 9. Babyfood, mixed fruit yogurt, strained : 81.8g 10. Babyfood, mixed fruit juice with low fat yogurt : 81.5g 11. Babyfood, dessert, blueberry yogurt, strained : 81.4g 12. Babyfood, dessert, peach yogurt : 80.87g 13. SILK Vanilla soy Yogurt (Family size) : 80.7g 14. Babyfood, dessert, banana yogurt, strained : 80.7g 15. Babyfood, yogurt, whole milk, with fruit, multigrain cereal and added iron : 80.21g 16. SILK Vanilla soy yogurt (single serving size) : 79.35g 17. Babyfood, yogurt, whole milk, with fruit, multigrain cereal and added DHA : 79.16g 18. Yogurt, vanilla, low fat, 11 grams protein per 8 ounce : 79g 19. Yogurt, vanilla, low fat, 11 grams protein per 8 ounce, fortified with vitamin D : 79g 20. Yogurt, vanilla flavor, lowfat milk, sweetened with low calorie sweetener : 79g Following on from the twenty top yogurt items or products containing water we have a more comprehensive break down of Tofu yogurt, and the highest item containing water which is Yogurt, plain, whole milk, 8 grams protein per 8 ounce. We also give a comparison of average values, median values and lowest values along with a comparison with other food groups and assess the effects of storage and preparation on the 64 types of yogurt. At the bottom of the page is the full list for the 64 different types of yogurt based on the content in different servings in grams and oz (and other serving sizes), providing a comprehensive analysis of the water content in yogurt. Tofu yogurt - Nutritional Content and Chart The full nutrition content, RDA percentages and levels for Tofu yogurt should be considered along with the water content. This food profile is part of our list of food and drinks under the general group Legumes and Legume Products.Other important and water related nutrients are Calories, Protein, Fat and Carbohydrate. For this 100g serving in your diet, the amount of Calories is 94 kcal (5% RDA), the amount of Protein is 3.5 g (6% RDA), the amount of Fat is 1.8 g (3% RDA) and the amount of Carbohydrate is 15.96 g (12% RDA). The nutritional content and facts for 100g, which includes Calories, Protein, Fat and Carbohydrate is shown in the RDA chart below as percentages of the recommended daily allowance along with the water levels in yogurt. Our proprietary nutritional density score gives a nutritional value out of 100 based on 9 different vitamins, minerals and macro nutrients. Tofu yogurt has a nutritional value score of 16 out of 100. 100 calories of tofu yogurt is a serving size of 1.06 g, and the amount of Water is 82.45 g. Other important and related nutrients and macronutrients such as Fat, in 100 Calories are as follows; Protein 3.72 g (6.38% RDA), Fat 1.91 g (3.19% RDA), Carbohydrate 16.98 g (12.77% RDA). This is shown in the water RDA percentage chart below, based on 100 Calories, along with the other important nutrients and macro nutrients. For the food Tofu yogurt the typical serving size is 1 cup (or 262 g) which contains 203.05 g of Water. In terms of the gram weight and total content for this serving the Calories content is 246.28 kcal, the Protein content is 9.17 g, the Fat content is 4.72 g and the Carbohydrate content is 41.82 g. The percentages are shown below in the water chart, for the typical serving of water and the related and important nutritional values. Macronutrients in Tofu yogurt The amount of protein, fat and carbs from this food described above is measured in grams per 100g and grams in a typical serving size (in this case 1 cup or 262 g), although it is also useful to give the number of calories from protein, fat and carbohydrate which are the most important macronutrients. For this serving in your diet here are the macronutrient calories. From protein the number of calories is 36.7 (kcal).The number of calories from Fat is 42.5 (kcal).The total calories from carbohydrate is 167.3 (kcal). Grams of water in yogurt (per 100g) This list of 64 types of yogurt, is brought to you by www.dietandfitnesstoday.com and ranges from Yogurt, plain, whole milk, 8 grams protein per 8 ounce through to Candies, confectioner's coating, yogurt where all food items are ranked by the content or amount per 100g. The nutritional water content can be scaled by the amount in grams, oz or typical serving sizes. Simply click on a food item or beverage from the list at the bottom of the page to give a full dietary nutritional breakdown to answer the question how much water in yogurt. The list below gives the total water content in the 64 items from the general description 'yogurt' each of which show the water amount as well as Calories, Protein, Fat and Carbohydrate. Below, is the top 50 food items shown in the water chart. This gives a quick and easy dietary comparison for the different items, where each item is listed at the bottom of the page with a nutritional summary. The corresponding nutritional value for yogurt based on our density score out of 100 (ranked by the amount of water per 100g) is shown in the below nutritional density chart. The corresponding Calories for yogurt ranked by the amount of water per 100g is shown below in the yogurt calories chart. The level of water can be affected by the method of storage for example canned or frozen and also by the method of preparation for example either raw, cooked or fried. The total number of frozen food items is 6. The highest amount of water from the 6 frozen items is in Yogurt, frozen, flavors not chocolate, nonfat milk, with low-calorie sweetener where the water content is 73.5 g per 100g. The number of food items described as lowfat or non-fat are 27 items. Average Content for yogurt The average (or more correctly the arithmetic mean) amount of water contained in 100g of yogurt, based on the list below of 64 different items under the general description of yogurt, is 67.62 g of water. The averages for the different nutrients are as follows; the average amount of Calories is 143.05 kcal, the average amount of Protein is 3.67 g, the average amount of Fat is 3.89 g and the average amount of Carbohydrate is g. The median value of Water is found in Salad, grape and apple with yogurt and candied walnuts which in 100g contains 76.52 g of Water. For this serving the amount of Calories is 117 kcal, the amount of Protein is 2.15 g, the amount of Fat is 5.05 g and the amount of Carbohydrate is 15.73 g. Using the list below for the 64 different yogurt nutrition entries in our database, the highest amount of water is found in Yogurt, plain, whole milk, 8 grams protein per 8 ounce which contains 87.9 g of water per 100g. The associated percentage of RDA is %. For this 100g serving the Calories content is 61 kcal, the Protein content is 3.47 g, the Fat content is 3.25 g, the Carbohydrate content is 4.66 g. The lowest amount of water in 100g is in Candies, confectioner's coating, yogurt which contains 1.91 g. This gives as percentage of the recommended daily allowance % of the RDA. For this 100g serving the amount of Calories is 522 kcal, the amount of Protein is 5.87 g, the amount of Fat is 27 g, the amount of Carbohydrate is 63.94 g. The difference between the highest and lowest values gives a water range of 85.99 g per 100g. The range for the other nutrients are as follows; 461 kcal for Calories, 2.4 g for Protein, 23.75 g for Fat, 0 g for Carbohydrate. Please remember that the above gives an accurate value in 100g for high water foods in your diet. For example 100g of Tofu yogurt contains 77.5 g of water. However, there are other factors to consider when you are assessing your nutritional requirements. You should also take into account portion sizes when you are considering the water nutritional content. The food with the highest water content per typical serving is Yogurt, plain, whole milk, 8 grams protein per 8 ounce which contains 215.36 g in 1 cup (8 fl oz) (or 245 g). For this serving the Calories content is 149.45 kcal, the Protein content is 8.5 g, the Fat content is 7.96 g and the Carbohydrate content is 11.42 g. From the list below you can find a full nutrition facts breakdown for all foods containing water which can be scaled for different servings and quantities. We have also sorted our complete nutritional information and vitamin database of over 7000 foods, to give a list of foods high in water. Yogurt List, water Content per 100g 1. Yogurt, plain, whole milk, 8 grams protein per 8 ounce - Water Typical Serving size of 1 cup (8 fl oz) (or 245g): 215.36 g 149.45 kcal (7%) 11.42 g (9%) 7.96 g (12%) 8.5 g (15%) Other serving sizes 1 container (8 oz) (or 227g): 199.53 g 138.47 kcal (7%) 10.58 g (8%) 7.38 g (11%) 7.88 g (14%) Other serving sizes .5 container (4 oz) (or 113g): 99.33 g 68.93 kcal (3%) 5.27 g (4%) 3.67 g (6%) 3.92 g (7%) 2. Yogurt, vanilla or lemon flavor, nonfat milk, sweetened with low-calorie sweetener - Water Typical Serving size of 1 container (6 oz) (or 170g): 148.63 g 73.1 kcal (4%) 12.75 g (10%) 0.31 g (0%) 6.56 g (12%) 3. Yogurt, vanilla or lemon flavor, nonfat milk, sweetened with low-calorie sweetener, fortified with vitamin D - Water 4. KRAFT BREYERS LIGHT Nonfat Strawberry Yogurt (with Aspartame and Fructose Sweeteners) - Water 86 g 55 kcal (3%) 9.9 g (8%) 0.2 g (0%) 3.4 g (6%) 195.22 g 124.85 kcal (6%) 22.47 g (17%) 0.45 g (1%) 7.72 g (14%) 5. Yogurt, plain, skim milk, 13 grams protein per 8 ounce - Water 85.23 g 56 kcal (3%) 7.68 g (6%) 0.18 g (0%) 5.73 g (10%) 208.81 g 137.2 kcal (7%) 18.82 g (14%) 0.44 g (1%) 14.04 g (25%) 193.47 g 127.12 kcal (6%) 17.43 g (13%) 0.41 g (1%) 13.01 g (23%) 6. Yogurt, Greek, plain, nonfat - Water 85.1 g 59 kcal (3%) 3.6 g (3%) 0.39 g (1%) 10.19 g (18%) Typical Serving size of 1 container (or 170g): 144.67 g 100.3 kcal (5%) 6.12 g (5%) 0.66 g (1%) 17.32 g (31%) 7. Yogurt, plain, low fat, 12 grams protein per 8 ounce - Water 208.42 g 154.35 kcal (8%) 17.25 g (13%) 3.8 g (6%) 12.86 g (23%) 96.13 g 71.19 kcal (4%) 7.96 g (6%) 1.75 g (3%) 5.93 g (11%) 8. SILK Plain soy yogurt - Water 192.2 g 149.82 kcal (7%) 22 g (17%) 4 g (6%) 5.99 g (11%) 9. Babyfood, mixed fruit yogurt, strained - Water Nutritional Value : 15 / 100 food group - Baby Foods 81.8 g 75 kcal (4%) 16.23 g (12%) 0.8 g (1%) 0.8 g (1%) Typical Serving size of 1 tbsp (or 15g): Other serving sizes 1 jar NFS (or 113g): 92.43 g 84.75 kcal (4%) 18.34 g (14%) 0.9 g (1%) 0.9 g (2%) Other serving sizes 1 jar Gerber Second Food (4 oz) (or 113g): Other serving sizes 1 jar Beech-Nut Stage 2 (4 oz) (or 113g): Other serving sizes 1 jar Heinz Strained-2 (4.25 oz) (or 120g): 98.16 g 90 kcal (5%) 19.48 g (15%) 0.96 g (1%) 0.96 g (2%) 10. Babyfood, mixed fruit juice with low fat yogurt - Water Typical Serving size of 1 fl oz (or 31.5g): Other serving sizes 1 bottle NFS (or 126g): 102.69 g 95.76 kcal (5%) 18.5 g (14%) 1.01 g (2%) 3.02 g (5%) 11. Babyfood, dessert, blueberry yogurt, strained - Water 91.98 g 87.01 kcal (4%) 19.27 g (15%) 0.79 g (1%) 0.57 g (1%) Other serving sizes 1 jar Heinz Strained-2 (4 oz) (or 113g): 12. Babyfood, dessert, peach yogurt - Water 80.87 g 76 kcal (4%) 17.6 g (14%) 0.18 g (0%) 0.9 g (2%) 91.38 g 85.88 kcal (4%) 19.89 g (15%) 0.2 g (0%) 1.02 g (2%) 13. SILK Vanilla soy Yogurt (Family size) - Water 80.7 g 79 kcal (4%) 13.66 g (11%) 1.76 g (3%) 2.64 g (5%) 183.19 g 179.33 kcal (9%) 31.01 g (24%) 4 g (6%) 5.99 g (11%) 14. Babyfood, dessert, banana yogurt, strained - Water 80.7 g 78 kcal (4%) 17.35 g (13%) 0.52 g (1%) 1.1 g (2%) 12.11 g 11.7 kcal (1%) 2.6 g (2%) 0.08 g (0%) 0.17 g (0%) 96.84 g 93.6 kcal (5%) 20.82 g (16%) 0.62 g (1%) 1.32 g (2%) 15. Babyfood, yogurt, whole milk, with fruit, multigrain cereal and added iron - Water 80.21 g 92 kcal (5%) 13 g (10%) 3.08 g (5%) 3.05 g (5%) Other serving sizes 1 container (or 69g): 55.34 g 63.48 kcal (3%) 8.97 g (7%) 2.13 g (3%) 2.1 g (4%) 16. SILK Vanilla soy yogurt (single serving size) - Water 134.9 g 149.6 kcal (7%) 25.01 g (19%) 2.99 g (5%) 5 g (9%) 17. Babyfood, yogurt, whole milk, with fruit, multigrain cereal and added DHA - Water 79.16 g 98 kcal (5%) 13.22 g (10%) 3.53 g (5%) 3.4 g (6%) Typical Serving size of 1 oz (or 31g): 24.54 g 30.38 kcal (2%) 4.1 g (3%) 1.09 g (2%) 1.05 g (2%) Other serving sizes 1 container (or 113g): 89.45 g 110.74 kcal (6%) 14.94 g (11%) 3.99 g (6%) 3.84 g (7%) 18. Yogurt, vanilla, low fat, 11 grams protein per 8 ounce - Water 79 g 85 kcal (4%) 13.8 g (11%) 1.25 g (2%) 4.93 g (9%) 193.55 g 208.25 kcal (10%) 33.81 g (26%) 3.06 g (5%) 12.08 g (22%) 19. Yogurt, vanilla, low fat, 11 grams protein per 8 ounce, fortified with vitamin D - Water 89.27 g 96.05 kcal (5%) 15.59 g (12%) 1.41 g (2%) 5.57 g (10%) 20. Yogurt, vanilla flavor, lowfat milk, sweetened with low calorie sweetener - Water 134.3 g 146.2 kcal (7%) 23.46 g (18%) 2.13 g (3%) 8.38 g (15%) 21. Yogurt parfait, lowfat, with fruit and granola - Water Nutritional Value : 17 / 100 food group - Fast Foods Typical Serving size of 1 item (or 149g): 117.68 g 125.16 kcal (6%) 23.63 g (18%) 1.5 g (2%) 5.01 g (9%) 22. Babyfood, banana juice with low fat yogurt - Water 98.91 g 112.14 kcal (6%) 22.1 g (17%) 1.01 g (2%) 3.15 g (6%) 23. SILK Black Cherry soy Yogurt - Water 132.91 g 149.6 kcal (7%) 29 g (22%) 2.01 g (3%) 4 g (7%) 24. SILK Blueberry soy Yogurt - Water 25. SILK Banana-Strawberry soy Yogurt - Water 26. McDONALD'S, Fruit 'n Yogurt Parfait (without granola) - Water 111.02 g 127.8 kcal (6%) 25.09 g (19%) 1.6 g (2%) 3.51 g (6%) 27. Babyfood, apple yogurt dessert, strained - Water 77.9 g 96 kcal (5%) 19.5 g (15%) 1.6 g (2%) 0.8 g (1%) 88.03 g 108.48 kcal (5%) 22.04 g (17%) 1.81 g (3%) 0.9 g (2%) 28. SILK Raspberry soy yogurt - Water 29. SILK Key Lime soy Yogurt - Water 30. Tofu yogurt - Water 203.05 g 246.28 kcal (12%) 41.82 g (32%) 4.72 g (7%) 9.17 g (16%) 31. SILK Strawberry soy yogurt - Water 77 g 94 kcal (5%) 18.24 g (14%) 1.18 g (2%) 2.35 g (4%) 32. Salad, grape and apple with yogurt and candied walnuts - Water 76.52 g 117 kcal (6%) 15.73 g (12%) 5.05 g (8%) 2.15 g (4%) 124.73 g 190.71 kcal (10%) 25.64 g (20%) 8.23 g (13%) 3.5 g (6%) 33. KRAFT BREYERS Lowfat Strawberry Yogurt (1% Milkfat) - Water 34. SILK Peach soy Yogurt - Water 35. Yogurt, fruit variety, nonfat, fortified with vitamin D - Water 75.4 g 95 kcal (5%) 19 g (15%) 0.2 g (0%) 4.4 g (8%) Other serving sizes 1 container (4.4 oz) (or 125g): 94.25 g 118.75 kcal (6%) 23.75 g (18%) 0.25 g (0%) 5.5 g (10%) 128.18 g 161.5 kcal (8%) 32.3 g (25%) 0.34 g (1%) 7.48 g (13%) 36. Yogurt, fruit variety, nonfat - Water 37. Yogurt, fruit, low fat, 9 grams protein per 8 ounce - Water 128.01 g 168.3 kcal (8%) 31.69 g (24%) 1.96 g (3%) 6.77 g (12%) 85.09 g 111.87 kcal (6%) 21.06 g (16%) 1.3 g (2%) 4.5 g (8%) 38. Yogurt, fruit, low fat, 9 grams protein per 8 ounce, fortified with vitamin D - Water 39. KRAFT BREYERS Smooth & Creamy Lowfat Strawberry Yogurt (1% Milkfat) - Water 74.8 g 102 kcal (5%) 19.9 g (15%) 0.9 g (1%) 3.8 g (7%) 169.8 g 231.54 kcal (12%) 45.17 g (35%) 2.04 g (3%) 8.63 g (15%) 40. McDONALD'S, Fruit 'n Yogurt Parfait - Water 74.61 g 105 kcal (5%) 20.72 g (16%) 1.3 g (2%) 2.73 g (5%) Typical Serving size of 1 item 5.2 oz (or 149g): 111.17 g 156.45 kcal (8%) 30.87 g (24%) 1.94 g (3%) 4.07 g (7%) 41. Yogurt, fruit, low fat, 10 grams protein per 8 ounce - Water 182.48 g 249.9 kcal (12%) 46.67 g (36%) 2.65 g (4%) 10.71 g (19%) Other serving sizes 1 container and Dannon Sprinkl'ins (4.1 oz) (or 116g): 86.4 g 118.32 kcal (6%) 22.1 g (17%) 1.25 g (2%) 5.07 g (9%) 42. Yogurt, fruit, low fat, 10 grams protein per 8 ounce, fortified with vitamin D - Water 74.1 g 105 kcal (5%) 18.6 g (14%) 1.41 g (2%) 4.86 g (9%) 168.21 g 238.35 kcal (12%) 42.22 g (32%) 3.2 g (5%) 11.03 g (20%) 83.73 g 118.65 kcal (6%) 21.02 g (16%) 1.59 g (2%) 5.49 g (10%) 44. Yogurt, fruit, lowfat, with low calorie sweetener - Water Typical Serving size of 1 8 oz container (8 oz) (or 227g): Other serving sizes 1 cup (8 fl oz) (or 245g): Other serving sizes 1 6 oz container (6 oz) (or 170g): 125.97 g 178.5 kcal (9%) 31.62 g (24%) 2.4 g (4%) 8.26 g (15%) 45. Yogurt, fruit, lowfat, with low calorie sweetener, fortified with vitamin D - Water 46. Yogurt, frozen, flavors not chocolate, nonfat milk, with low-calorie sweetener - Water Typical Serving size of .5 cup (or 68g): 49.98 g 70.72 kcal (4%) 13.4 g (10%) 0.54 g (1%) 2.99 g (5%) 47. Frozen yogurts, chocolate, nonfat milk, sweetened without sugar - Water Nutritional Value : 16 / 100 food group - Sweets 48. KRAFT BREYERS LIGHT N' LIVELY Lowfat Strawberry Yogurt (1% Milkfat) - Water Typical Serving size of 1 container (4.4 oz) (or 125g): 91.63 g 135 kcal (7%) 27.38 g (21%) 1 g (2%) 4 g (7%) 49. Yogurt, chocolate, nonfat milk - Water 71.57 g 112 kcal (6%) 23.53 g (18%) 0 g (0%) 3.53 g (6%) 121.67 g 190.4 kcal (10%) 40 g (31%) 0 g (0%) 6 g (11%) 50. Yogurt, chocolate, nonfat milk, fortified with vitamin D - Water 51. Frozen yogurts, chocolate - Water 71.2 g 127 kcal (6%) 21.6 g (17%) 3.6 g (6%) 3 g (5%) 123.89 g 220.98 kcal (11%) 37.58 g (29%) 6.26 g (10%) 5.22 g (9%) 52. Frozen yogurts, flavors other than chocolate - Water 53. Frozen yogurts, vanilla, soft-serve - Water 54. Frozen yogurts, chocolate, soft-serve - Water 63.8 g 160 kcal (8%) 24.9 g (19%) 6 g (9%) 4 g (7%) Typical Serving size of .5 cup (4 fl oz) (or 72g): 45.94 g 115.2 kcal (6%) 17.93 g (14%) 4.32 g (7%) 2.88 g (5%) 55. Margarine-like spread with yogurt, approximately 40% fat, tub, with salt - Water Nutritional Value : 15 / 100 food group - Fats and Oils 59 g 330 kcal (17%) 2 g (2%) 35 g (54%) 2 g (4%) Typical Serving size of 1 tablespoon (or 14g): 8.26 g 46.2 kcal (2%) 0.28 g (0%) 4.9 g (8%) 0.28 g (1%) 56. Margarine-like spread with yogurt, 70% fat, stick, with salt - Water 28 g 630 kcal (32%) 0.5 g (0%) 70 g (108%) 0.3 g (1%) 3.92 g 88.2 kcal (4%) 0.07 g (0%) 9.8 g (15%) 0.04 g (0%) 57. Snacks, candy rolls, yogurt-covered, fruit flavored with high vitamin C - Water Nutritional Value : 15 / 100 food group - Snacks 17.59 g 359 kcal (18%) 74.64 g (57%) 6.53 g (10%) 0.46 g (1%) Typical Serving size of 1 Roll (or 23g): 4.05 g 82.57 kcal (4%) 17.17 g (13%) 1.5 g (2%) 0.11 g (0%) 58. Snacks, granola bar, GENERAL MILLS, NATURE VALLEY, with yogurt coating - Water 7.18 g 423 kcal (21%) 74.29 g (57%) 11.43 g (18%) 5.71 g (10%) Typical Serving size of 1 bar (or 35g): 2.51 g 148.05 kcal (7%) 26 g (20%) 4 g (6%) 2 g (4%) 59. Babyfood, snack, GERBER GRADUATE YOGURT MELTS - Water 6 g 429 kcal (21%) 71.43 g (55%) 4 g (6%) 14.29 g (26%) Typical Serving size of 1 serving (or 7g): 0.42 g 30.03 kcal (2%) 5 g (4%) 0.28 g (0%) 1 g (2%) 60. Snacks, candy bits, yogurt covered with vitamin C - Water 3.73 g 415 kcal (21%) 86.9 g (67%) 7.5 g (12%) 0 g (0%) Typical Serving size of 1 package (or 20g): 0.75 g 83 kcal (4%) 17.38 g (13%) 1.5 g (2%) 0 g (0%) 61. Cereals ready-to-eat, KELLOGG, SPECIAL K, Fruit & Yogurt - Water Nutritional Value : 17 / 100 food group - Breakfast Cereals 3 g 367 kcal (18%) 85.3 g (66%) 2.9 g (4%) 7.1 g (13%) Typical Serving size of .75 cup (1 NLEA serving) (or 32g): 0.96 g 117.44 kcal (6%) 27.3 g (21%) 0.93 g (1%) 2.27 g (4%) 62. Cereals ready-to-eat, KELLOGG's FIBERPLUS Berry Yogurt Crunch - Water Typical Serving size of 1 cup (1 NLEA serving) (or 53g): 1.59 g 166.95 kcal (8%) 42.88 g (33%) 0.95 g (1%) 3.5 g (6%) 63. Cereals ready-to-eat, GENERAL MILLS, CHEERIOS, Yogurt Burst, strawberry - Water 2.23 g 400 kcal (20%) 81.75 g (63%) 5.23 g (8%) 6.67 g (12%) 0.67 g 120 kcal (6%) 24.53 g (19%) 1.57 g (2%) 2 g (4%)	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29017
__label__cc	0.56372	0.43628	Home > Topics > Casio > Camera Reviews > Casio Exilim EX-S7 Review Casio Exilim EX-S7 Review April 20, 2010 by Andy Stanton Reads (1,119) Fast focusing Interesting feature set No optical IS Slow shot-to-shot times LCD can be hard to use The Casio S7 will disappoint those looking for minimal lens flaws and fast shot-to-shot times, but performs well as a budget camera. Casio makes many compact cameras bearing the “Exilim” name. Some have long zoom lenses, others have high speed shooting ability, and one recently-released Exilim is tough and waterproof. However most are modestly priced, thin cameras ideal for undemanding picture-taking needs. The Casio Exilim EX-S7 is a good example of an Exilim camera that falls under this category. For a list price at the time this was published of $139.99, you get a lot for your money. The EX-S7 features a 1/2.33 inch sensor and 12.1 effective megapixels. Its lens has a focal length (35mm equivalent) of 35.5 – 106.5mm (3x optical zoom) with an aperture range of f/3.1 at wide angle through f/5.9 at maximum telephoto. It also has a 4x digital zoom. It comes with four different movie modes, including a 640 x 480 “YouTube” mode that is activated by a dedicated button. It features many interesting scene modes and a useful “Auto Best Shot” mode, which automatically selects what the camera determines to be an appropriate scene mode based on present shooting conditions. It’s an attractive, functional camera that should appeal to consumers looking to shoot occasional snapshots and movies. But does the performance and image quality of the EX-S7 live up to its appearance? Read on to find out. The EX-S7 has a slim but strong body that appears to be a combination of plastic and metal. Its dimensions are 3.8 x 3.3 x 0.78 inches, and weighs only 4.3 ounces. Despite its small size, it feels solid in the hand. Our review unit was metallic magenta, with a retractable, black lens and lens ring. The EX-S7 also comes in all black if you’re interested in a more conservative color palette. It has a 2.7-inch 230,000 dot LCD screen. Its controls appear to be metal, but the tripod mount is plastic. Vulnerable parts of the camera include its thin, plastic door covering the battery and memory card compartment, and a rubber latch over the USB port. The latch is hard to move out of the way and is barely attached to the camera, so it won’t take much force to possibly become detached, which will leave the port open to the elements. Ergonomics and Controls While the EX-S7 can be held with just the right hand, I could easily hold it with both since there is nothing on the left side of the camera that could get in the way. The camera’s front has a self-timer lamp and pinhole microphone around the lens ring. The flash is located at the top, near the center of the camera. The left side of the camera contains a sturdy metal holder for the wrist strap and a USB port. The top of the camera contains a recessed on/off button and the shutter button is encircled by a control ring, which I prefer more than the separate zoom switches used in many small cameras. The rear of the EX-S7 is dominated by the 2.7-inch LCD. To the right of the LCD is a dedicated button for recording videos at a YouTube-friendly 640 x 480 resolution. Below that is a circular panel for controlling flash and deleting pictures by pressing down, adjusting the display by pressing up and moving through the camera’s menus. In the center is the set button, which accepts menu selections and gives you access to a shortcut menu. Beneath the control panel are buttons that activate the menu and select the Best Shot mode. At the top of the panel are buttons that activate playback and picture taking. The bottom of the camera contains holes for the camera’s speaker, a plastic tripod mount and the combination battery/memory card compartment. The camera uses an NP-80 rechargeable lithium-ion battery that according to Casio will last for 260 shots. In two weeks of using the camera, I charged it once and never saw the low battery icon. The EX-S7 also accepts SD and SDHC memory cards. Casio provides a brief Quick Start Guide, with a comprehensive 180 page User’s Guide in the form of a PDF file located on a CD. The CD contains Photo Transport, for moving photos from the computer to the camera, a YouTube uploader and Adobe Reader. It does not contain photo management software. Menus and Modes The EX-S7 uses a two-menu system: a main menu accessed by the menu button and a shortcut menu accessed by the set button. The main menu contains three columns; one for recording settings, another for adjusting quality (image size, compression level and movie resolution), and a third for set up. The shortcut menu contains many options, accessible only if the camera is in Auto mode, rather than Auto Best Shot mode or Easy mode. These options include image size, ISO and face detection, among several other settings, which are also in the main menu. The EX-S7 provides the following shooting modes: Auto Mode: The camera will automatically select many settings such as aperture, shutter speed, ISO and white balance, but the user can change some settings. They include ISO, white balance, exposure compensation, exposure metering mode, lighting, color filters, sharpness, saturation, contrast, flash intensity, make up (smooth skin) and landscape. The user also has the option of selecting a Best Shot mode, which includes scene modes and other functions, many of which I’ve never before encountered. They include dynamic photo (used to create an animated playback scene), portrait, scenery, portrait with scenery, self portrait (one person), self portrait (two people), children, sports, party, pet, flower, night scene, night scene portrait, fireworks, food, text, collection, eBay, backlight, anti-shake, high sensitivity, monochrome, retro, multi-motion image, ID photo, business cards and documents, white board, prerecorded movie, movie for YouTube, voice recording and creating your own best shot. The EX-S7 does not have optical image stabilization. Auto Best Shot: The camera will automatically select what it considers to be the appropriate Best Shot setting. Easy Mode: Only allows the user to control flash, self-timer and image size settings. Movie Mode: There are four types of movies: 1280 x 720 (HD) at 24 fps, 640 x 480 at 30 fps, 320 x 200 at 15 fps and 640 x 480 at 30 fps (YouTube mode). Movies are produced in AVI format. There is no maximum movie length, except for YouTube mode, which is limited to 10 minutes. The maximum recording size is 4 GB. Display/Viewfinder The EX-S7 has a 2.7-inch diameter LCD with 230,000 dots of resolution. The LCD brightness level cannot be adjusted and there is no viewfinder, so in bright lighting conditions you may have a problem seeing the screen – I know I did. NEXT: Performance Casiio Exilim EX-S7 Performance, Timings, and Image Quality	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29018
__label__wiki	0.530416	0.530416	Recalling Bonhoeffer Last week marked the 70th anniversary of the hanging death of Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Hence it was an occasion for meditating on the German Lutheran pastor who, amid Nazi atrocities during WWII, was driven to take part in an assassination plot against Adolf Hitler. Bonhoeffer's unapologetic writings on ethics and theology have factored heavily in my own spiritual and intellectual development since I first began studying him in 2003 as a senior in college. Specifically, his formulations on "costly grace" put a fire in my belly about the gravity of deeds in the Christian life, and their inescapable role as the true indicator of living faith. Bonhoeffer's "costly grace" trope stemmed from what he saw as its converse: cheap grace. In what is generally regarded as his crowning work, The Cost of Discipleship, Bonhoeffer describes grace that isn't costly: Cheap grace is the grace we bestow on ourselves. [It] is the preaching of forgiveness without requiring repentance, baptism without church discipline, Communion without confession, absolution without personal confession. Cheap grace is grace without discipleship, grace without the Cross, grace without Jesus Christ, living and incarnate. Bonhoeffer later meditates on Martin Luther, describing his embrace of a "costly" grace, and his followers' subsequent perversion of Divine Grace into a commodity: [Luther] always looked upon [grace] as the answer to a sum, but an answer which had been arrived at by God, not by man. But then his followers changed the sum into data for a calculation of their own. That was the root of the trouble. If grace is God's answer, the gift of the Christian life, then we cannot for a moment dispense with following Christ. But if grace is the data for my Christian life, it means that I set out to live the Christian life in the world with all my sins justified beforehand. I can go and sin as much as I like and rely on this grace to forgive me, for after all the world is justified in principle by grace. A bit later, Bonhoeffer starts bringing his "sum/data" concept into bloom: Grace as the data for our calculations means grace at the cheapest price, but grace as the answer to the sum means costly grace. At the end of a life spent in the pursuit of knowledge, Faust has to confess: "I now do see that we can nothing know." That is the answer to a sum. It is the outcome of a long experience. But as Kierkegaard observed, it is quite a different thing when a freshman comes to the university and uses the same sentiment to justify his indolence. As the answer to a sum it is perfectly true, but as the initial data, it is a piece of self-deception. For my own part, Dietrich Bonhoeffer's emphasis on costly grace laid groundwork for my eventual embrace of the Orthodox Church. While Bonhoeffer contended for a modern recovery of costly grace by Protestants, that weight of the cross has been codified into the marrow of Orthodox Christianity and its faith and life since Her Sees were founded by the Apostles in the first century. Granted, it could be said that the constant threats of Islam and Communism have prevented a Western kind of laissez-faire attitude from getting much of a foothold. But to someone who four years ago had grown weary of trying to blaze my own trail of "costliness," Orthodoxy's institutional stability, the weight of 1900 years of unbroken tradition, and dare I say an apparent imbuing of Charisma came together to woo this born and bred Evangelical. While I ultimately felt compelled to root my faith in the costly life of the Eastern Church, Dietrich Bonhoeffer's life bore the fruit of one who had bowed down to the costliness of the Cross in the shocking context of Nazi Germany. His life was cut short, but is still echoing with prophetic counsel for a floundering, self-affirming culture seventy years after his execution. To borrow an ode the Orthodox memorialize their dead with, Dietrich Bonhoeffer: Memory Eternal! Orthodox Miscellany Ancient Faith Ministries Ancient Faith Publishing SVS Press Becoming Truly Human Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy Journey to Orthodoxy Fr Patrick Henry Reardon Orthodox Synaxis Orthodox-Reformed Bridge Everyday Asceticism Lux Christi Orthodox Arts Journal Pageau Carvings Patristics.co Classical Christianity The Music Stand The Whole Counsel Blog Molly Sabourin Crown Them With Glory Paracletos Monastery Icons Antiochian Archdiocese The Orthodox West St. Tikhon's Seminary St Vladimir's Seminary St. Basil Center Project Mexico FOCUS North America Burning Bush Coffee	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29020
__label__cc	0.639485	0.360515	Links to Our Other Projects Waiting for Wednesday, Volume 2, Issue 4 I've been in the dark for the past 24 hours. And, unlike my usual obliviousness to a great many things, I mean it quite literally this time. We had a pretty major storm up here at Exfanding HQ, and the lights went out just before 10 am on Monday morning. It's now Tuesday morning at about the same time, and power has finally been restored. And what's the first thing I do with the electricity back on? Write up this week's Waiting for Wednesday, of course! And after a night of emptying buckets and buckets (and gallons and gallons) of water from a threatening-to-flood basement, I can honestly say that there's no place I'd rather be! Well, okay, maybe in bed, asleep, is a little more truthful. But still. The sump pump in the basement stopped doing its thing when the lights went out (obviously), and after over eight hours of steady, hard rain...well, let's just say things got a little ugly down there for a while. When the lights finally came back on, though, I was running through the basement like George Bailey down Main Street. Crisis averted, and now I can focus on comics and job searching. Probably not in that order, mind you, but at least neither one of those things involves gallons and gallons of water. Speaking of comics, let's dive right in (EDIT: oh, I just realized in reading this thing over that "dive right in" is a pretty funny line in this context...er...I mean, I wrote it intentionally, because it's a pretty funny line in this context...right). I honestly have no idea what books ship this week, mostly because I haven't had a computer since Sunday night. And my iPhone wasn't charged, so I had to turn it on intermittently throughout the day to check email and voice mail and to not drain the device completely. You know, in case of a Skrull invasion. So hang on a moment as I check out Diamond's site to see what's on the way from publishers this week. [Elevator music plays softly...] And we're back. Okay, so, it looks to be one of those stupid big end of the month shipping schedules. There's a ton of stuff coming out today, including some major event books, such as Green Lantern, issue 50 and Justice League: Cry for Justice, issue 6, from DC, and New Avengers, issue 61 (a Siege tie-in) and Captain America: Reborn, issue 6, from Marvel. You really can't go wrong with any of those titles, but I'm especially interested in New Avengers, since it's written by Brian Bendis and it will address the whole Captain America reborn-ing thing. And you know it has to be a good issue, mostly because of the way Cap is pointing at you. Well, that and the solicitation info hints at some big things a-coming. Check it out: Steve Rogers makes his triumphant return to the Avengers, but is he too late? With the SIEGE on Asgard begun, he must act swiftly, but who can he turn to and trust in a world with Norman Osborn in charge? When the gods fall, what chance does a Super Soldier stand? The biggest shake up since DISASSEMBLED starts here! Sounds interesting, and as is the case with anything written by Bendis, I'll be there. This coming weekend is going to be my big, "catch up on Marvel" weekend, so I'm really looking forward to getting to the current point in the overreaching story arc of Siege. That said, I've pretty much had enough of Reborn. I'm caught up with that book, but I haven't yet read the Who Will Wield the Shield? one-shot. Reborn was/is a good series, well told, and with great art. But the way the ending was spoiled--Marvel released that Captain America: Who Will Wield the Shield? one-shot, which gave away the ending of Reborn , before issue 6 of Reborn hit shelves) left a sour taste in my mouth. The spoiler just seemed unnecessary. I'll pick up the final issue of Reborn, just to finish off the story since I'm already so deeply invested. Moving on, the DC side of things is equally event-driven, as the over sized Green Lantern issue promises to keep Blackest Night rolling along. DC's done a nice job in keeping this story (mostly) self-contained, and I've been happily following the main Blackest Night book and Geoff Johns' Green Lantern series. It's one of those events that the reader gets out of it what he or she puts into it, and one can follow along by reading just the bare minimum of titles. Which is a bit of a switch, since DC was not long ago the worst culprit of the "read everything or you're lost" event. Here's the blurb for this week's Green Lantern: BLACKEST NIGHT spreads with an over sized anniversary issue! Surrounded by friends and enemies, Hal Jordan goes into battle with a being he will never defeat – the Black Lantern Spectre! Can Saint Walker, Sinestro and the others put a stop to this bizarre Spectre rebirth? Plus, Atrocitus reveals a tie to a power that may make him the most unbeatable of all the Lanterns! Moving out of the overtly mainstream universes now, from Marvel's Icon imprint, Mark Millar and John Romita, Jr. (finally) bring us the last issue of Kick-Ass. With the movie from Lions Gate coming out this summer, this series has hit a long stretch of delays. But now, finally, we get issue eight of this flat-out insane fever dream of a super hero title. Millar--known for such over-the-top mainstream series as Civil War, Old Man Logan, and The Ultimates--lets loose on this book. Curses and blood fly at about the same frequency, and Romita's art perfectly complements the style of the writing. Of course, this is a mature readers title, and anyone who might be even a little squeamish should probably pass on the book. Here's the blurb from Marvel: THIS IS IT!!! The final confrontation as KICK-ASS and HIT GIRL test their mettle. Bodies will fly and bad guys will die as the biggest surprise hit super hero comic of the twenty-first century reaches shocking new heights! Who will live? Who will be morally outraged? MARK MILLAR (WOLVERINE: OLD MAN LOGAN) and JOHN ROMITA JR. (AMAZING SPIDER-MAN) know the answers—and they hold NOTHING BACK in what’s sure to be the most talked-about single issue of the year! Publisher hype (not to mention all CAPS in a solicit) is funny, and usually just something I shrug off as I wait to see for myself. But with a series like Kick-Ass, the reader really never knows what in the heck is going to happen next. I'm assuming the trade for these eight issues will likely be out sometime around the theatrical release of the film, so if you haven't yet checked the book out as the floppies shipped, you might have a bit of a wait on your hands. Still, if you're a fan of super hero mayhem like The Authority, then I think Kick-Ass will be worth the wait. And, finally, another Marvel title. From Brian Bendis, the Ultimate line sees a bit of a shake up today. Ultimate Comics: Enemy, issue 1, ships this afternoon, and it promises to bring some surprises to the Ultimate Universe. Bendis has been killing it on the new launch of Ultimate Spider-Man, delivering fun, fast-paced, new, and thoughtful stories to a character who has had a million writers tell a million different Spidey stories. Who is the face of true evil in the Ultimate Universe? What is the biggest secret the world doesn't know? Join the gathered heroes as they embark on an adventure unlike anything seen in Marvel Comics…and that's a promise!! Ultimate Universe co-founder, BRIAN MICHAEL BENDIS (Ultimate Spider-Man, Secret Invasion) and rising star Rafa Sandoval (Avengers: The Initiative) unveils this important new chapter in the most exciting line in comics! The current Ultimate Universe is exciting and different, and between Bendis' Spidey and Mark Millar's Ultimate Avengers, it's been a lot of fun in recent months. I think Marvel saw that the books were getting a bit stale, and so they shook things up with the line-wide event, Ultimatum, and now the relaunched titles have gotten a much-needed shot in the arm. So I'll be on board for Enemy, and I look forward to what else they have in store for us. And that's my list for the week. As I said, there's tons of new product coming, so what are you Waiting for? Topics: Alex's Nonsense, Comics, Off-Topic Discussion, Waiting for Wednesday Exfanding Your Horizons Archive Alex's New Year's Resolutions... Nathaniel's New Year's Resolutions... Exfanding Review: Seven Samurai Waiting for Wednesday, Volume 2 Issue 1 Exfanding Review: Comic-Con: 40 Years Video Games and Wii...um, I mean, Me GameCola Is Back! Kendo: Modern-Day Swordplay Exfanding Review: Superman: Red Son Star Trek Toys, Past and Present - Part 1 We've Gone Dot Com! Spoilers, Part Two Exfanding Review: Avatar Cutting Back Time, well...spent. Random Sunday Posting An Unexpected Interlude Eat any good books lately? Blackout Reading Apple's iPad: The Game Changer? 15,000 Hits! Month in Review: January 2010 Action-Adventure (44) Anime and Manga (32) Card and Board Games (11) Collecting and Collectables (41) Conventions and Excursions (82) Dungeons and Dragons (31) Exfanding Your Horizons (139) Fan Projects (68) GameCola (58) Gifts for Geeks (23) Mega Man (100) Philosophy of Fandom (245) Roleplaying (57) Stories of Fandom (299) Sunday Spotlight (28) The Goon (28) Visual Art (50) Waiting for Wednesday (175) Current Number of Visitors What are these funny symbols? Web Site Statistics Geekologie - Gadgets, Gizmos, and Awesome Finally, Steven Seagal Deepfaked As The Witcher Your Friday Moment of Zen stay awhile and listen GameCola The Halo Mega Blog: My Formal Apology to Halo Wars Godless Lands Chronicles: Of Goblins and Charlatans Yardsaling to Adventure! My Favorite Boys The Arglefumph Blog Nancy Drew Book Ideas We liked what we saw at E3 of zombie survival sim State of Decay II. Gourmet Gaming Welcome to GourmetGaming Paul Franzen \| Indie Videogame Writer and Editor A More Purrfect Union random.access: ocd for your eyes I don't want to be down here! Quickly! To the top of the page! All original content on Exfanding Your Horizons is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. In other words: Copyright © 2008-2013 Nathaniel Hoover and Alex Giannini. All rights reserved. Exfanding Your Horizons logo designed by Nathaniel Hoover. Banner image created by neko-chan. All images, trademarks, and copyrights are owned by their respective trademark and copyright holders. No Ewoks were harmed in the making of this blog. Except for Dave. Poor, stupid Dave.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29024
__label__cc	0.683002	0.316998	.Ex Musica Appearances. [Projects on Music] .V.A.R.I.A.T.I.O.N.S. .A.D.A.G.I.O. – A Winter’s Tale .Portraits of the Invisible. [Portfolio] Fading Memories Enchanted Metamorphosis Whimsical Reveries Shadows & Dreams Once Upon a Time… [About & Contacts] About Me Few Words About me .Exhibitions & Events. .Awards. .Features. Once Upon a Blog . In a certain kingdom, in a certain land... . . Exhibitions & Events . Exhibition : “Le Donne (si) Raccontano” Where: Galleria FIAF via Pietro Santarosa, 7-9 - 10122 Torino When: May 31 - June 23 "Le Donne (si) Raccontano" is part of an event called Fo.To (Fotografi a Torino / Photographers in Turin), a project of urban collaboration among public and private museums, art... Paratissima 13 & Art Gallery Award Art Gallery Award Paratissima 13 L'Ombra della Luce Paratissima 13 : #Superstition The 13th edition of Paratissima will take place at Caserma Lamarmora. This year I will show a selection of works from my ongoing “.V.A.R.I.A.T.I.O.N.S.” Project (Click here to learn... .A.D.A.G.I.O. A Winter’s Tale Exhibition When: 17 June – 2 July 2017 Casa del Conte Verde Museum, Rivoli - Torino Music exists around us. For many, it has never be composed, but found by someone who we erroneously call composer. Music is around us and actively defines life in our universe. So, we cannot be... 2017 Sony World Photography Awards The judges of the 2017 Sony World Photography Awards honour the work of Italian photographer Ylenia Viola, whose image “V.AR.I.A.T.I.O. 15 – Guardians of a parallel universe” is commended as top 50 in the world in the awards’ Open ENHANCED category. Over... Torino . Capitale del Turismo . More "Events & Exhibitions" . Paratissima 12 Paratissima 12 To the Stars My Works Paratissima 12 : #ToTheStars The twelfth edition of Paratissima will take place at Torino Esposizioni from the 2nd till the 6th of November 2016. This year I will show two works from my ongoing “.V.A.R.I.A.T.I.O.N.S.” Project :... E’ Vento di Streghe A Witches' Event The intent of “A Witches’ Event” is to connect the traditional conception of witchcraft with Art. The event started with an exhibition of Art to create a path of knowledge of witchcraft and its connection with art. Witches as curators,... Paratissima 11 Ordine o caos? PARATISSIMA is an artistic event in the between of a classical artistic fair and a cultural happening. Over time, the event has evolved until it became crucial in the the contemporary art scene of Turin and beyond. The aim of... Dreams @ VFNO #Dreams @VogueFashionNightOut “Dream” was the name of the contest launched by Vogue Italia and Illy Coffee on Instagram. My picture “Nest” was selected as one of the 20 most suggestive pictures and was distributed as a card during the Vogue Fashion’s... Pensiero Libero Galleria Aperta Opening Exhibition Press Release Form action Subscribe Unsubscribe (c) 2015 - 2018 Ylenia Viola \| FairyTalesNeverDie	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29025
__label__wiki	0.988482	0.988482	Lost Albums: DRAMATIS For Future Reference April 19, 2012 / electricityclub / Comments Off on Lost Albums: DRAMATIS For Future Reference Following the retirement of GARY NUMAN with his spectacular farewell shows at Wembley Arena in April 1981, four of his erstwhile backing band officially went solo under the moniker of DRAMATIS. RRussell Bell, Denis Haines, Chris Payne and Ced Sharpley toured the skies with the Machine Music pioneer and had been instrumental (pun totally intended) in the success of Numan’s powerful live presentation. While success for DRAMATIS for not exactly assured, several things were in place for a smooth transition to independence. First the quartet had signed a deal with ELTON JOHN’s Rocket Records. Secondly, they had also secured the services as engineer and co-producer of Simon Heyworth who had worked with on MIKE OLDFIELD’s ‘Tubular Bells’. And finally, they had use of Ridge Farm Studios, one of the best residential recording facilities in the UK at the time. DRAMATIS were a brainy bunch. Guitarist RRussell Bell had a degree in Physics/Psychology and was versatile enough to handle unusual instruments such as the Moog Liberation, Chapman Stick and Vi-Tar electric violin. Drummer Ced Sharpley previously had cult success with prog rockers DRUID who were signed to EMI and had appeared on ‘Old Grey Whistle Test’; his clean, dynamic drum breaks on ‘The Pleasure Principle’s tracks such as ‘Cars’, ‘Films’ and ‘Metal’ became very influential within the US Hip-Hop community. Handling mostly keyboard duties, both Chris Payne and Denis Haines were classically schooled; Payne had also co-written VISAGE’s ‘Fade To Grey’ and been noted for his viola playing on GARY NUMAN standards such as ‘M.E.’ and ‘Complex’. He had even mastered a Medieval reed instrument called a Cornamuse. Meanwhile it was Haines who had played the piano version of ‘Down In The Park’ that made it onto the flip of ‘I Die:You Die’. However, it was exactly this type of musical background which the British music press still had total disdain for in the wake of punk. Released after GARY NUMAN’s Wembley concerts, the grandiose debut single ‘Ex Luna Scientia’ showed DRAMATIS’ potential immediately. Celebrating the adventurous spirit of NASA, it coincided with the launch of the first Space Shuttle and sounded like a cross between ELECTRIC LIGHT ORCHESTRA and VISAGE. But it was too much for the savage journalists who already had their knives resharpened following usage on their former employer. “We had a lot to prove musically because GARY NUMAN had been getting so much flak in the press which reflected on us.” Chris Payne remembers, “They said the music was naïve, the band couldn’t play and that was quite hurtful.” Unfortunately, comments like “chicken without its head” were being banded about while others couldn’t get their brain cells round a catchy vocodered chorus sung in Latin! Undeterred, a follow-up single ‘Oh! 2025’ was put out but this was quite pedestrian synth rock compared to ‘Ex Luna Scientia’. Incidentally, its beautiful B-side ‘The Curtain’ was later recycled by ULTRAVOX’s Billy Currie for a solo track called ‘Requiem’! With Rocket Records still sniffing for a hit, the next single ‘No-One Lives Forever’ was swiftly issued. This was much better; the anthemic chorus, deep chanting bridge and Bell’s heavy metal guitar solo contradicting the dystopian resignation of Haines’ lead vocal. It even got played on Radio 1 by Steve Wright although he was unimpressed: “I know it’s deliberate but those vocals are awful”. It would be fair to say vocals were DRAMATIS’ Achilles heel. GARY NUMAN on the other hand said on the review show Roundtable that it was “the best thing they’ve done yet”. To attract interest in their forthcoming album, Rocket Records came up with a bold strategy with the release of ‘No-One Lives Forever’…they put a one minute sample each of four songs on the B-side. The idea was ahead of its time as this type of clip based promotion is now standard practice on many music websites. Alas, the single wasn’t a hit and the album (which had already been advertised in the press) was now delayed. A total remix of the album was made at the behest of the label while a new sleeve depicting the band as futuristic university lecturers was necessitated. “The initial idea was supposed to be a Victorian glass display in the British museum with us as an exhibit” recalled RRussell Bell, “The concept of glass cases came in but it was like four glass telephone boxes with us standing in them in an empty office. There was nothing British Museum about it. We looked at the pictures and they were crap. So that idea was scrapped!” Meanwhile while they were recording the album, GARY NUMAN paid a visit to his former colleagues at Ridge Farm Studios before he departed on an ambitious round-the-world flight. He particularly enjoyed the backing track of a song that had been written about their days touring together. Entitled ‘Love Needs No Disguise’, Numan asked if he could sing it. The band happily accepted. With Sharpley’s sparse drum machine intro dressed with his timbale rolls and Haines’ stark piano chords, this was a lot barer than Numan’s own recordings although he himself had been experimenting with minimalism on ‘Dance’. Some pretty guitar and viola was the final touch and the track was released as a joint GARY NUMAN & DRAMATIS single on Numan’s label Beggars Banquet. It reached No 33 in the UK chart but not as high as many had hoped. The parent album ‘For Future Reference’ then slipped out in December 1981 almost unnoticed. It was though Rocket had decided to pull back on it. Overall, the album had many impressive moments but also had several flaws. Featuring all the singles, one of the highlights was ‘Turn’, voiced by Chris Payne and throwing in everything from a classical intro, progressive interludes and pounding drums to clattering rhythm box, synth solos and angry if slightly ham vocals. The following ‘Take Me Home’ had the drama of a vintage silent movie with Chaplin-esque piano and strings heart wrenching as Haines cried like a disturbed child, repeating the title over and over again. Haines’ PETER GABRIEL impression could grate and was not to everyone’s tastes but his ‘On Reflection’ was another musical highlight on the second half of the LP, a sad lament about lost friendships. With a more conventional if limited rock oriented vocal, RRussell Bell had his moment with the incessant ‘I Only Find Rewind’ while ‘Human Sacrifice’ possessed aggressive tribal synthetics but was spoiled by a weak chorus. DRAMATIS’ only album so far showcased the band’s virtuoso abilities and while the use of four different lead vocalists confused the continuity of the album, instrumentally, there was much to enjoy. Chris Payne certainly agrees: “I think it’s a really good album. My only regret was that we didn’t have just one person who could have sung everything to make it more of a cohesive album. We had Gary as a guest which was fair enough but me singing a track… c’mon? We should have stuck to one singer, that was a big mistake… but musically, it stands up.” Very much the outsider even when he was in GARY NUMAN’s band, Haines left DRAMATIS after he declined to tour the album. He later released a Numan-esque 12” single in Germany called ‘It Spoke To Me Of You’ and an ambient solo album entitled ‘The Listening Principle’ which featured versions of ‘The Curtain’ and ‘Take Me Home’ retitled as ‘In Loving Memory’. But in Spring 1982, the remaining trio released a great seven inch pairing featuring the ULTRAVOX-like ‘Face On The Wall’ backed with the neo-classical jig of ‘Pomp & Stompandstamp’. They then topped it with ‘The Omen’ Goes Disco magnificence of ‘The Shame’ a few months later although further chart action didn’t materialise. RRussell Bell thought it was one of their best songs and in a 2007 interview with NuReference amusingly recalled: “the line ‘train crash killed the heroine’ was about a starlet who died in a train crash. But the music press thought it was about heroin, which shows how bad their spelling is and also how f*cking stupid they are to even think I’d write a song about the most evil, insidious drug in the world. However, the guitar solo was pretty cool.” Following an appearance on ‘The David Essex Showcase’ (a short lived BBC version of ‘Opportunity Knocks’ which also featured THOMAS DOLBY and TALK TALK amongst others!), their final John Punter produced single ‘I Can See Her Now’ reached No 57 in late 1982. But just as they were about to make a breakthrough with a second album on the way, the politics of the music business had worn the threesome down. While losing interest in their own project, GARY NUMAN meanwhile had got the bug back for touring and played clubs in the US during the summer of 1982 with a new backing band which featured Rob Dean, ex-JAPAN and soon-to-be-in-demand fretless bassist Pino Palladino. However, for his forthcoming ‘Warriors’ assault, Numan decided to call up his former band. With the prospect of more secure employment, DRAMATIS were no more. Fast forward to 2000 and with GARY NUMAN getting critical reappraisal for his imperial years between 1978 to 1980, ‘For Future Reference’ was rather misleadingly reissued and promoted as a lost TUBEWAY ARMY album under the title ‘The Dramatis Project’ by Castle Select. The CD was pressed from a vinyl cutting master while the seamless join between ‘Turn’ and ‘Take Me Home’ was spoiled by the atmospheric intro of the latter being faded out and then restarting again on its chilling ivory motif after a gap! Meanwhile, the clueless booklet notes also implied that Messrs Bell, Haines, Payne and Sharpley were actually members of TUBEWAY ARMY… most GARY NUMAN fans know the band effectively didn’t exist when ‘The Blue Album’ was released in 1978! RRussell Bell was dismayed when asked about this reissue: “Oh don’t! The DRAMATIS ‘project’, it was never a project, it was a band!” But he had good news for fans: “I’ve recently got back control of the album and bought back the rights, so we now own it again. And DRAMATIS is back together and releasing the second album”. The excellent post-For Future Reference singles will be making their belated digital debut too: “The Canadian version of ‘For Future Reference’ had ‘Face On The Wall’ on so we’re going to put it on that while ‘I Can See Her Now’ and ‘The Shame’ will be on the new album as two bonus tracks, we’re not going mess with them” says Bell. Hopefully, B-sides like ‘Lady DJ’, ‘Pomp & Stompandstamp’ and ‘One Step Ahead’ will be resurrected too. But at last, there will be a properly packaged DRAMATIS reissue of ‘For Future Reference’. And there will be no need to wait until… ‘Oh! 2025!’ Dedicated to the memory of Ced Sharpley The Electricity Club gives its sincerest thanks to RRussell Bell and Chris Payne Special thanks also to Stephen Roper http://www.numanme.co.uk/numanme/Dramatis.htm https://www.discogs.com/artist/45761-Dramatis Text and Interview by Chi Ming Lai Posted in Interviews, Lost Albums Tagged with Ced SharpleyChris PayneDramatisGary NumanRRussell Bell Introducing KOVAK MARINA & THE DIAMONDS Electra Heart	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29027
__label__wiki	0.942957	0.942957	further-delayed Irish tax on online gambling faces further delay December 14, 2014 publisher country, customers-based, dublin, finance, finance-minister, first-announced, further-delayed, office, online-or-over, paddy-power, such-as-paddy, telephone DUBLIN (Reuters) – Ireland's stalled plan to tax online gambling will be further delayed into 2015, the country's finance minister said, offering bookmakers such as Paddy Power a longer grace period before the charge is levied. Ireland first announced plans to bring online operators into the tax net in 2011 by seeking to extend a one percent tax on bets placed in shops to wagers made online or over the telephone from customers based in Ireland. … Hackers vs. James Bond: ‘SPECTRE’ script stolen in Sony attack December 13, 2014 publisher early-version, finance, finance-minister, first-announced, further-delayed, james-bond, sony, stage-during LOS ANGELES (Reuters) – Early villains have emerged in the next James Bond film “SPECTRE”: hackers who stole a version of the screenplay as part of a devastating cyberattack on Sony Pictures. Alleged UK hacking of Belgian telecoms firm was far-reaching-reports December 13, 2014 publisher belgium, broke-late, carried-out, european-union, finance-minister, further-delayed, james-bond, networks-first, saturday-news, went-undetected BRUSSELS (Reuters) – Hacking of computers at Belgian telecoms firm Belgacom, alleged to have been carried out by a British spy agency, was more far-reaching than previously thought and went undetected for more than two years, according to reports published on Saturday. News of the intrusion into Belgacom's networks first broke late last year when Belgium asked Britain, its NATO and European Union partner, to respond to allegations that its intelligence service was responsible Islamic State suicide bomber detonates tank in eastern Syria December 12, 2014 creative belgium, broke-late, carried-out, further-delayed, islamic, islamic-state, jihadist-social, networks-first, said-carried, said-on-friday, smiling-man, suicide-bomber, syria, the-province, two-photos BEIRUT (Reuters) – An Islamic State suicide bomber detonated a tank at a Syrian air base in the province of Deir al-Zor, one of the last remaining government strongholds in eastern Syria, jihadist social media and a monitoring group said on Friday. One Islamic State Twitter account published two photos of a smiling man it named Abu al-Farouq al-Libi, who it said carried out the “suicide operation”. Max Sound files patent suit against Google, YouTube in Germany December 12, 2014 creative carried-out, further-delayed, said-on-friday, search-page, smiling-man, sound, such-as-nexus5, two-photos (Reuters) – Technology company Max Sound Corp said it filed a lawsuit against Google Inc and YouTube in Germany earlier this month, alleging infringement of a video-streaming patent. Max Sound claimed that all the products that use the H.264 video-encoding format for video compression infringed its asserted patent	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29029
__label__wiki	0.545236	0.545236	::.. en las nubes ..:: blog.home :: home.home :: about.me :: # Hi, I'm Sarah [::.. featured ..::] Which goddess are you? Mictlancihuatl Las Trampas del Amor But what would it take? Arrive without traveling Yes, No, No Answer Convince me Sábanas frías / Ángel de amor April Showers, May Flowers: Trust no one? And in the end Blow away blow away blow away Como un ave de cristal [::.. previously ..::] The 7 Dangerous Habits of Chronically Single Peopl... [::.. archives ..::] :: Sunday, April 06, 2003 :: Black white gray ·> more There's an article in today's New York Times Magazine. I think that article expresses a key characteristic of what's going on in the US now -- the complicated, mixed feelings and opinions I hold and, I suspect, more than a few people hold -- at least those who are letting themselves think about it. There have been a couple of key points over the past 40 years in American social-political life. One was the realization that the justification for the Vietnam War that they'd been given wasn't valid. Another was Watergate, when whatever trust people had in American politics was shattered. In a way, however difficult those two were, I think that both were simple compared to the thinking that Americans are facing and will be facing as the active war phase of current events comes to an end. Maybe that's why people are watching FOXNews ... whatever else FOXNews is, it presents things as though they were simple, and in the face of nothing being simple, maybe that's part of the appeal. :: Sarah @ 16:40 [CT] :: permalink :: 0 comments :: links to this post :: Saturday, April 05, 2003 :: War reporting With the war in Afghanistan in late 2001, the complaint was the limited access to military sources that reporters had. And, as they recalled the 1991 Gulf War, the media had the same complaint. So, this time, there are embedded reporters ... reporters who went through a training program and who agreed to the military's rules of embedding, and in exchange, travel with a unit, file reports, and transmit what's billed as real-time video. Thus, from this, we're supposed to feel as though we have a true view of the war, and even the things the military doesn't allow the reporter to say or show at a particular time will be available as a record of the war after it's over. Maybe that's true, who knows. But, nevertheless, one of the interesting things with watching this war is the information war that's going on. Last night seems particularly telling. We see Walt Rogers filing audio and video supporting the impression that the US has control of the Saddam/Baghdad International Airport (you know... the US admits they don't have secure control of the airport, but they're already renaming it... propaganda is part of war, I don't fault them for that, manipulation is a tactic, but we still have to recognize it as a tactic and not necessarily a reflection of anything else). US Central Command starts saying they have military in "central Baghdad" or "the heart of Baghdad" (depending on what time it was you heard them talking). Simultaneously, we see the static video shot of somewhere in what's presumably central Baghdad with cars, taxis, buses, all moving in what looks like a normal manner. The Iraqi information minister does his daily briefing, and says they've defeated the US military at the airport and once they finish cleaning up, they can take the press out there to show them they have control of the airport. Nic Robertson calls in to say his sources in Baghdad have seen some of the US military in the streets, not a lot, and not seeming to be doing a lot, but there. But Nic is in Jordan. But it's Nic, who we would ordinarily trust to provide an accurate report. Rula Amin reports that the Arabic press has reporters in Baghdad who don't really contradict the Iraqi information minister, at least as they report on the Arabic language media. But she's in Jordan too, and working for CNN, but she's also filed in past situations (e.g., re: Israel and Palestine) with an Arab slant. A few days ago, the topic of reports was selling water to Iraqis in the south. Reports varied: the UK were selling water and the US deplored it. the US was selling water and the UK deplored it. Maybe they both were selling water. Maybe neither was. The point is, who knows what the reality is. I notice that, now that things are starting in the north, it's Brent Sadler who's with the Peshmurga and filing on their activities with US Special Forces as they approach Mosul. I really don't have a sense of him as a reporter, just that he's been the CNN Beirut bureau chief for some time. But, with Brent with the Peshmurga, the question is, where's Ben Wedeman? Is he not with the Peshmurga because they're with the US Special Forces and so embedding rules would apply? .... ah ... well, Brent in a filing at this moment (1:27 pm CST) mentioned Ben as being with another group of the Kurdish army. Man, it seems like whatever is the more dangerous situation at a given time, that'll be where Ben Wedeman is. God bless his wife (I'm assuming he has one). Now, the US military is using the offer of citizenship to people with green cards if they enlist. Who needs a draft if you can bribe people into drafting themselves? Sheesh. It's reported that some among the US citizenry complain that 24/7 war reporting is causing them anxiety, interrupting sleep, generally making them uncomfortable and unhappy. So, the advice is that they not watch. Duh. Yet, it's outrageous that they're complaining. They can just turn off the TV, or at least change channels. But more importantly, for them, turning off the TV is actually an option. Consider the people who are in the middle of the whole thing: armies on both sides, reporters, citizenry. Its seems like the least we can do, here in the calm, prosperous, safety of our living rooms, to watch the war, become involved in whatever unpleasantness we're shown, to live the war in our imaginations while others are forced to live it in real life. How else can we have any idea of what's really going on. How else can we develop and maintain some sense of understanding of the human conditions there. How else can we keep ourselves from the propaganda that's coloring media reports from both sides.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29032
__label__wiki	0.99352	0.99352	LIVE 2' Real Madrid Home How Real Madrid are hitting their stride at the perfect time Spanish Primera División 1 day ago Transfer Talk: Inter planning summer move for Madrid's Modric Transfer Talk 1 day ago ESPN Why Real Madrid are clear favourites over Sevilla Zidane: Two defeats and I could be like Valverde Real Madrid 2 days ago Alex Kirkland Messi: Ronaldo rivalry will remain forever Spanish Primera División 4 days ago Adriana Garcia Holiday Hazard: Eden admits to piling on pounds Real Madrid 4 days ago Reuters Who are the favourites to win La Liga? Spanish Primera División 5 days ago Third-tier Spanish side go wild after drawing Real Madrid Spanish Copa del Rey 5 days ago Soccer's Money League: Ridiculous ads that make cash for the top-10 clubs Why do Atletico keep coming up short against Madrid? Spanish Supercopa 5 days ago Graham Hunter Real win Spanish Supercopa ... is La Liga next? Marcotti's Musings 6 days ago Gabriele Marcotti After Federico Valverde's red card for Real Madrid, here are the most cynical players of all time Blog - The Toe Poke 6 days ago ESPN Man Utd set for lowest Money League position English Premier League 6 days ago ESPN Spanish Supercopa felt like a 'preseason friendly' Valverde, Ramos decisive as Real Madrid outlast Atletico yet again Spanish Supercopa 6 days ago Sam Marsden Real red card led to Supercopa crown - Simeone Real Madrid win Supercopa on penalties Spanish Supercopa 7 days ago By ESPN Diego Forlan says Porto a step back for Iker Casillas Iker Casillas' Real Madrid exit and his signing with Porto was "a step back for Iker," said Uruguay striker Diego Forlan in his weekly column in The National. "I have huge respect for Porto, another great club who consistently challenge for titles," Forlan wrote, adding that it was a tough decision for Real Madrid. "They identify players, develop them and then sell them on for a profit, but let's not pretend they're Real Madrid, one of the biggest clubs in the world. It's a step down for Casillas, just as Robin van Persie leaving Manchester United for Fenerbahce is also a step down." The 34-year-old Casillas had two years left on his contract with Real, but after three difficult seasons and amid constant transfer speculation this summer, the captain left for a fresh start after a 25-year association at the Bernabeu. Casillas joined Real's youth academy in 1990 and had been with the club until this summer, winning 17 major honours in that time. He played 16 years with the first team and made 725 official appearances for the club -- second behind Raul's 741 -- since making his first-team debut in 1999. A World Cup winner and two-time European champion with Spain, Casillas owns five Primera Division titles with Real, as well as three Champions League trophies and two Copa del Rey crowns. "Xavi said that Casillas wasn't treated well by people in Spain and his club," Forlan said. "I can see his point, but Xavi's departure from Barcelona last month wasn't a normal experience. Most players don't leave a club having just won the treble. Xavi was rightfully celebrated for his years of service to the club as both man and boy, winning an unprecedented haul of trophies, and was given a wonderful send off before he embarks on a new career in Qatar. "But what would have been the reaction for Xavi had he left the previous year when Barca won nothing? It wouldn't have been the happy exit it was this time. Casillas could have left Madrid a year ago, and walked out as a European champion." Earlier this month, Forlan, 36, signed an 18-month contract with Uruguayan Primera Division side Penarol in Montevideo, where he began his youth career and where his father, Pablo, also starred in the 1960s. Forlan, who earned 112 caps for Uruguay before announcing his international retirement in March, recently left Japanese club Cerezo Osaka after his own 18-month contract expired. The former Manchester United, Villarreal, Atletico Madrid and Inter striker will make his debut in his native country on Aug. 8, Uruguayan media reported. The departure of Casillas may pave the way for Real to sign Manchester United goalkeeper David De Gea, who has been linked to a move to Madrid this summer. The former Atletico Madrid keeper is under contract at United for another season. "Casillas deserves to be a No 1, playing every week, but Madrid want the No 1 in the world," Forlan said. "That looks like it's going to be my old Atletico teammate David De Gea. They had the No 1 in Casillas and now they want the next 'No 1,' who happens to come from Madrid. It's similar to Chelsea, who had a brilliant 'keeper in Petr Cech but wanted Thibaut Courtois, the outstanding young Belgian stopper. Can they be blamed for planning for the future? No. "So how do you oust a legend like Casillas? It's a tough decision but Madrid need to make them to stay the best, like they did when they let Raul go. Throw a player's pride, money and ego into the mix and it becomes very difficult. "Madrid could have treated Casillas better," Forlan said. "They could have protected him from attacks in the media and from his own fans. But they didn't. They left him alone, to fend off criticism. Were they building a case against him, to soften the blow of him leaving?" Uruguayan Primera Division	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29034
__label__cc	0.719497	0.280503	Pregnancy and your sex life Greer Berry sex pregnancy I was out at dinner with workmates the other night when someone asked across the dinner table how pregnancy was affecting my sex life. Cue awkward silence. The joy of (pregnant) sex 10 pregnancy symptoms you should never ignore Pregnancy: the glows and the lows But nothing's off limits when you're at a table full of journalists, and I appreciate that for the naturally curious amongst us, it was a fair and reasonable question to ponder. I took a moment to think how it had changed in the past few months. My first thought was to the first time we were intimate after we found out we had created this little miracle. I remember feeling extremely apprehensive about hurting the little cluster of cells, and with the risk of miscarriage so high, I was concerned about dislodging it from its new little home. It seems ridiculous looking back on it, but I know it is a common feeling for many couples. The little sesame seed just felt so precious and vulnerable, so I, in turn, felt vulnerable too. I did my best to switch that part of my brain off but it didn't really work. I think I even apologised afterwards for my lacklustre effort; my mind just wasn't in the game! During the first 13 weeks, the main thing that affected our love life was my ability to keep my eyes open, and not in a sultry come-to-bed-with-me kind of way ... more like a passed-out-on-the-couch-at-5.30pm-while drooling-on-myself kind of way. This was no reflection on my husband whatsoever, but the mix of extreme fatigue and nausea does not make for a romantic start to things. I became increasingly conscious that the frequency was dipping from our 'usual' (I like think we have a pretty healthy and regular love life), so it was a matter of communicating and ensuring we were both understanding of the situation. Once I started to feel 'normal' again after 13 weeks, things picked up and I started to feel much more like myself again. But then I started to show. Suddenly, we weren't alone anymore. Eeeek! Creepy! There's nothing quite like the sensation of being reminded that there's er, someone else there, midway through events. It's like when one of the puppies sneaks in and you suddenly get that feeling that it's not just you and your partner in the room anymore ... Anyway, I feel like everyone - including all the pregnancy websites - tells you to 'bank up' our special time together, because soon enough it'll become too hard/painful/uncomfortable/effort-filled, and after all that, we'll have a newborn to deal with. Of course it pays to remember that every woman's pregnancy is different; some lose their libido completely, some turn into total hornbags. The joy of the effect of hormones on the body! Some, like me, swing wildly between both, depending on my emotional state (which can vary throughout the day, or even hour). Overall though, it's about ensuring you and your partner are both talking about what's going on. A mismatch of sexual expectation can be a huge issue in a relationship, and most of the time a simple conversation about what each would like their sex life to look like would fix any misgivings. I think a need to think outside the box is also required. Most pregnancy sites offer advice on positions that can be the most comfortable as you near your full size. If nothing else, they make for amusing reading - I can only imagine the laughing fits that I'll find myself in further down the track as we attempt to give them a whirl ... - Essential Mums Play to thrive! Awesome sensory play for toddlers Latest forum chat Active Topics All Topics Need a nanny or babysitter? Search Australia's largest database for free in your area	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29035
__label__cc	0.614936	0.385064	Family Problem Solution Specialist Astrologer Family Problem Solution Specialist Astrologer is the world's famous astrologer, who is globally renowned for making 100% accurate predictions and offering effective astrological remedies to people of different communities and castes. Family Problem Solution Specialist Astrologer has leant the art of astrology in a very young age and since then, has been using his knowledge to ease the life of his clients. His years of experience have helped Family Problem Solution Specialist Astrologer to gain wide exposure of ancient art in this modern world and earn several achievements & awards. Family Problem Solution Specialist Astrologer is an India based Vedic astrologer and spiritual healer, who strongly believes in the planetary positions and their influences in our lives. His uses birth chart details, sun & moon positions and other stars effect to look into one's life and accordingly, make the future predictions. Family Problem Solution Specialist Astrologer has been blessed with the supernatural powers of god and uses it to find the exact cause of problems arising in people's life. Family Problem Solution Specialist Astrologer has also obtained specialization in performing various kinds of mantras and has helped numerous people in living a happy and prosperous life. Family Problem Solution Specialist Astrologer is an expert in handling all kinds of problems and unlocking the locks of life hurdles. Family Problem Solution Specialist Astrologer has advised thousands of people to follow the right path by analyzing their horoscopes and organizing various yajans & pujas at their home. Family Problem Solution Specialist Astrologer handled everything peacefully and calmly. Be it career issue, business issue, problems in relationships, marriage, family issue carrier issue or anything else, he can help you out at everything.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29036
__label__cc	0.546969	0.453031	Trafalgar’s 2020 USA & Canada includes new ‘State Explorer’ trips – Travelweek 1984. sally jessy raphael net worth Dollars. born sally lowenthal Easton.208 15th st Data collection act Sewer work planned for Illinois Ave. in Mendota Why Is Oprah A Multi-Billionaire Instead Of A Mere Multi-Millionaire? It All Boils Down To One Brilliant Career Risk Back In 1984. sally jessy raphael net worth and salary: Sally Jessy Raphael is an American talk show host who has a net worth of $40 million dollars. born sally lowenthal on February 25, 1935 in easton.208 15th st, Mendota, IL is a single family home that contains 1,000 sq ft and was built in 1956. It contains 3 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms. This home last sold for $80,000 in April 2017. The Zestimate for this house is $93,966, which has decreased by $970 in the last 30 days. Special moments woven into every Trafalgar tour will change the way you see the world forever. 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Tour operators go green CIE Tours has always featured Scotland in a big way, and has continued to expand its product range to include a brand, new five-day. Trafalgar Adds New Colombia Trip to 2020 Itineraries Exploring Asia From Seabourn Ovation: Da Nang and Ha Long Bay, Vietnam The Travel Corporation and TreadRight Rid Themselves of Plastics for 2019 Save up to 10% with Early Payment Discount (EPD) on the land portion of 2020 USA & Canada trips when booked and paid in full by December 18, 2019. Savings not valid on all itineraries and/or departure dates, are subject to availability and may be withdrawn at any time without notice. Buffaloes, Rams extend football series to 2033-34 2020 Chevrolet Colorado Storm	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29038
__label__wiki	0.875262	0.875262	Kevin Smith Defends TWILIGHT Fans November 23, 2009 Rich Drees Movie News We don’t discuss the Twilight franchise much around here. Mostly because it receives such abundant coverage elsewhere that there’s nothing new that we can really add. (I also have some reservations about some of the book series’ elements, but that would be the topic of a whole other post.) This weekend, though, the second film adaptation of the popular tween novel series managed an impressive feat- It pulled an impressive $140.7 million dollars at the box office to become the third biggest weekend opening of all time despite getting even worse reviews than the first film did (29% on critic aggregate site RottenTomatoes versus the 49% the first film earned). And when Twilight rears its head in the media, it invariably leads to sniping between critics of the series and its ardent fans and supporters. never was this more apparent than at last summer’s San Diego ComicCon when Twilight fans over ran one of the exhibit halls, making it near impossible for others to get into see the non-Twilight programming that was scheduled before the Twilight: New Moon panel. Disappointment and frustration quickly lead to hastily homemade t-shirts reading variations of “Twilight Ruined Comic Con” springing up on attendees for the rest of the weekend. Filmmaker Kevin Smith addressed the whole hub bub later that weekend, in his own inimitable fashion during his own panel discussion. Smith, who has been open about his love of teen angsty John Hughes movies and the long running Canadian series Degrassi High, leaped to the defense of Twilight‘s fans, making an argument that only Kevin Smith could make, as seen in the clip below. Of course, it’s Kevin Smith, so the language gets a little coarse, so headphones on if you’re at work. I think Smith misses one important thing about the whole Twilight/ anti-Twilight debates, though. New kids on the fandom block have often been derided by more established fan groups, it’s part of the circle of fandom life. When Star Wars first exploded in to popularity, literary science-fiction fans derided the movie, most famously in Harlan Ellison’s critical essay “Luke Skywalker Is A Nerd and Darth Vader Sucks Runny Eggs” for the August 1977 issue of Los Angeles magazine and reprinted in his collection of film criticism Harlan Ellison’s Watching. In the early 1990s, Star Trek fans clamored that there was room for only one space-based science-fiction series and that Babylon 5 should pack its bags and go home. Now, it’s Twilight‘s turns to take their knocks from other fans. But buck up members of Team Edward and Team Werewolf Guy. Someday soon, we’ll all be on the same side, mocking some other dopey group of fandom. About Rich Drees 6337 Articles A film fan since he first saw that Rebel Blockade Runner fleeing the massive Imperial Star Destroyer at the tender age of 8 and a veteran freelance journalist with twenty years experience writing about film and pop culture. STAR WARS EPISODE 7 Roundup: Two Added To Cast, Production Takes Two Week Break, Kevin Smith Stops By Set Big Names Floated For Director Of THE FLASH Happy 80th Birthday Mickey Mouse! Uh…it’s, like, Team Jacob. Duh.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29040
__label__wiki	0.763997	0.763997	Posts Tagged ‘Munich’ The valkyrie who rode with the SS, by Jacinto Anton, in El Pais, August 2018 Jacinto Anton (photo: copyright El Pais) (Translated from Spanish by Caroline Schmitz – Original article: ‘La Valkiria que cabalgaba con los SS’ in the El Pais newspaper in Spain and Brazil on 11/15 August 2018) I would not say that I heard them ride from when I was a child, as they said Wagner did, but since my earliest memories, I have always had a weakness for valkyries; and for amazons: in fact for all wild and war-like women. Brunhilde, Sigrún, Waltraute (named after the Rhine wine), Skuld, Gunr, Orlind or Göndul are some of those supernatural maidens, who ‘assign death and hand over victory’ and who, in nordic mythology, gather a battle’s most valient fallen, taking them to Valhalla, where they are installed by Odin in Vingölf’s famous hall of 540 doors, to assist him once Ragnarök makes his entry at the end of time. In modern times, the most notable valkyrie, operatic versions apart, has been Valkyrie Mitford, the fifth of the six famous, aristocratic Mitford Girls, those celebrities (before the term was coined) who seemed to have sprung from the feather of Evelyn Waugh or Noël Coward and who, in the 1930s, and later, caught the imagination of the British as representatives of their country’s upper class. Sister of the famous Nancy, Diana and Deborah (who became the Duchess of Devonshire, a great friend of and letter writer to Patrick Fermor Leigh, who, in turn, was a friend of mine, which would have given me a direct link with the Mitfords, had they not all been dead by then). Since her baptism and even before, as her parents said she was conceived in the village of Swastika in Ontario, Unity Valkyrie Freeman-Mitford (1914-1948) – this was her full name – seemed destined to cause a big mess. And thus it happened: ferocious germanophile since childhood, Valkyrie (her name was given to her because of a friendship of her grand-father with Richard Wagner) became a crafty Nazi, a furious anti-semite, and managed, at twenty years of age, not only to meet Adolf Hitler but to form part of his intimate nucleus of friends, a detestable group in which she was never out of place (she never failed to denounce those who questioned the regime and installed herself in a flat requisitioned from a Jewish couple, which she started redecorating while the evicted coupled were still packing up their belongings). The infamous Julius Streicher let her speak at his gatherings and write articles in his antisemitic newspaper. Eva Braun was jealous of her. I thought that the young Brit, whom they called Bobo, was nothing more than an eccentric rebel, naive, with little brains and considerable psychological imbalances. I thought that through her bad girl behaviour she had tried to gain notoriety and to scandalise her family and British society (including giving the Hitler salute when out in Chelsea and giving public speeches to say she would kill the Jews). It is true that the girl, the black sheep of the Mitford family – although there were quite a few – was very close to Hitler, whom she called by the familiar ‘you’ and who showed his appreciation of her (in his singular way of showing appreciation) by installing her in a flat. But I believed that there was much fantasy in what she recounted of her experiences and what she said about herself. In other words, I thought Unity was a kind of ‘narrow-gauge’ valkyrie. However, after reading the biography Hitler’s Valkyrie. The uncensored biography of Unity Mitford (The History Press), by the writer, journalist and documentary film maker David R. L. Litchfield, I was left stunned. The author, who had access to new documentation, partly for family reasons as his mother and grand-mother knew Unity, traces a completely different portrait from the one I had formed for myself of this young woman. And one which is, without the shadow of a doubt, a much more interesting one. He explains that, far from being stupid and innocent, Unity was an avid reader of William Blake and had an outstanding gift for drawing nude, copulating figures (she said they were ‘fallen angels’), if nothing else. And so it is that her biography, which is very well written and speckled with bitingly stimulating passages and an irony worthy of Truman Capote or Terenci Moix, starts with a description of one of the orgies which she held as valkyrie with members of the SS whom she called familiarly storms, for ‘Sturmführer’. Litchfield explains how Unity took six SS-men to her flat in pre-war Munich, let herself be bound to the bed surrounded by Nazi flags, her eyes bound with a swastika ribbon, and was taken by them while the Horst Wessel Song, the iconic Nazi hymn, played in the background. As we can see, this was no ‘narrow-gauge’ valkyrie at all. Rather it seemed we were in the days leading up to Salon Kitty or The Night Porter, but Litchfield assures us that the erotic painting of the ‘Sturms and Drang’, which he says was repeated frequently, was absolutely real and witnessed by Unity’s sister, Diana (another ‘brown’ Mitford: she too admired Hitler and married Oswald Mosley, the leader of the British Nazi Party), who surprised her one time in flagranti. Diana not only did not reproach her younger sister for her behaviour, but had SS lovers herself, ‘though only one at a time’. The promiscuous valkyrie, who liked to dress up all in black, played out these acts as a form of mystical ceremony of surrender to people ranked between her and her adored Führer, Adolf Hitler. The biographer affirms that Hitler himself knew of these parties with a happy ending and took them as an exciting compliment. It has always been debated whether Hitler and Unity, who had a strong and healthy appearance of an aryan woman with bright blue eyes as favoured by the Nazi leaders, ever got down to the business (even a love child was rumoured to exist, who was said to be living in Britain today). Litchfield does not think they ever did but that their relationship stayed on a purely platonic-morbid level. For Unity, who venerated Hitler, it was practically impossible to consummate her love with him as he represented for her a divinity. Hitler himself, though the aristocracy favoured him, was aware of the political problems if he were to engage with a British woman, even though she was extremely Nazi – and even more so with one who had been to bed with half the Leibstandarte SS. It seems that there was nevertheless one instance when Adolf decided to have a go; he invited Unity for an intimate rendez-vous to the chancellery where she discovered her beloved Führer had prepared a bottle of champagne for them on a table. Finally, the relationship entered a more pathological and ‘necromantic’ stage when she decided to die for him and Hitler convinced her that her mission was to be a ‘personal valkyrie’ for him, and wait for him on the other side. There was nothing banal or posed about the coming together of Unity and Hitler. Rather it was planned meticulously. After abandoning the heavily attended 1933 party rally, at which, as for other party events, the Mitford family occupied VIP seats, she spent months hanging out at the favourite places he frequented, until finally one day, he invited her to his table at the Osteria Bavaria in Munich. It was the 9th of February 1935 (‘the happiest day of my life’, as she wrote). Thus began their relationship. They met on at least 140 separate occasions, including, obviously, at the Bayreuth Music Festival, to which he invited her, giving her tickets to very good seats. In the end, on 3 September 1939, Unity shot herself in the head with a small calibre Walther in the Englischer Garten when she heard that Great Britain had declared war on Germany. It is curious how many women around Hitler shot themselves: his niece Geli, Eva Braun, Magda Goebbels. Unity Valkyrie did not die (the whole incident is surrounded by conspiracy theories and rumours) and Hitler arranged for her to be transferred to her country, where she lived, mystifyingly without being sentenced as a traitor or even investigated, until she died in 1948, due to the late effects of the wound she had sustained (but not before she had seduced an RAF pilot). It appears that the news of Hitler’s suicide pained her much, as she felt she had let him down in her role as his personal valkyrie. There are some revelations in the biography which I had difficulty believing, such as Unity losing her virginity to her brother-in-law Mosley on a billard table. But of course it is suggestive. The best thing is that Litchfield takes one on a voyage far away from here where the snobbish Mitfords await us, especially their mother, Lady Redesdale, a malicious witch whose ambition, he says, was to marry off her daughter to Hitler. He calls them the ‘first family of fascism in Great Britain’. He insists that Unity was not an exception (with Diana), as they said afterwards, but the product of a way of thinking that they all had (only the youngest, the communist Jessica, was different), which was the characteristic of the British aristocracy at the time, whose offspring were keen on the Nazi uniforms and what was inside of them. Antisemitism was rife in this class, as was the idea of racial hygiene, although, according to Litchfield with his customary sarcasm, they stopped short of demanding the sterilisation of alcoholics, as this would have decimated their own families. It is unsurprising that a veil of silence and oblivion descended on this period after the war and that the image of this valkyrie was turned into that of an ugly duckling, eccentric and ideologically ghastly, even if with time they came to call her out more as a goose. Practising auto-erotic asphyxiation with the brother of ‘the English patient’ Through the magnificent biography of Lászlo Almásy, the real person who inspired the novel and film The English Patient, by John Bierman, I already knew of the intimate relationship between Unity Mitford and the elder brother of the explorer, Janos Almásy, a corrupt man and associate of the Nazis. But Litchfield discovers morbid aspects of this relationship, so for instance that the valkyrie and the lord of Bernstein Castle (the Almásy family castle on the border of Austria and Hungary), astrologer and satanist of repute, officiated necromantic rites in the castle and engaged in sado-masochist practices, including the auto-asphyxiation using a silk cord, which Unity wittily called ‘my little gaspers’. The young Brit got to know Janos as he, a bisexual, had had a relationship with her brother Tom, another Mitford jewel, who was also an admirer of the Nazis and refused to fight them in Europe. They sent him to fight the Japanese instead and a sniper shot him dead in Burma. Having visited Bernstein Castle I can vouchsafe for its strange atmosphere – including certified ghosts – and of its rich library of occult books. Unfortunately I was then more interested in Count Almásy and his experiences in the desert than in his brother’s adventures with Unity. Who knows what other secrets I could have discovered during that long night within the walls of the Almásys’ castle where the valkyrie’s little gaspers must still resonate. (Jacinto Antón – El Pais Spain/Brazil- August 2018) Tags: Adolf Hitler, antisemitism, Austria, auto-erotic asphyxiation, Bayreuth Music Festival, Bernstein Castle, Brazil, Burma, David R. L. Litchfield, Duchess of Devonshire, El Pais, Englischer Garten, Eva Braun, Great Britain, History Press, Hitler's Valkyrie. The uncensored biography of Unity Mitford, Horst Wessel Song, Hungary, Jacinto Anton, Janos Almasy, John Bierman, Julius Streicher, Lady Redesdale, Laszlo Almasy, Leibstandarte SS, Magda Goebbels, Mitford Girls, Munich, necromantic rites, occult books, Ontario, Osteria Bavaria, Oswald Mosley, Patrick Fermor Leigh, racial hygiene, Richard Wagner, Salon Kitty, Spain, SS lovers, Sturmführer, Swastika, Terenci Moix, the English Patient, the Mitfords, The Night Porter, Truman Capote, Unity Mitford, Unity Valkyrie Freeman Mitford, Valhalla, valkiria, valkyries, William Blake Posted in etc. etc. No Comments » Book Review: Thyssen in the 20th Century – Volume 6: ‘Two Burghers’ Lives in the Public Eye: The Brothers Fritz Thyssen and Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza’, by Felix de Taillez, published by Ferdinand Schöningh Verlag, Paderborn, 2017 The official Second World War history put out by the Thyssen complex has always been that Fritz Thyssen supported the Nazis for a while but, being against war, fled Germany only to be recaptured and locked up in a concentration camp. Of his brother Heinrich it was said he was a Hungarian living in Switzerland with no connection to either Germany or the Nazis. When we revealed in our book ‘The Thyssen Art Macabre’ (2007) that this was far from the truth, the Fritz Thyssen Foundation launched an academic response, which this book forms part of. It is mostly concerned with the press coverage of the Thyssens and, at 546 pages, is the longest in the series, which is why this review runs to 20 pages. The book continues the general theme that, while the various authors are revealing information contradicting the old Thyssen myths, overall these myths are nonetheless kept very much alive. As we will see, Felix de Taillez would qualify this as being ‘entirely understandable’, since the Thyssens and the Thyssen company had ‘a reputation to defend’. (In 1997 Thyssen AG merged with Krupp AG to become thyssenkrupp, which is currently in major economic turmoil). De Taillez’s favourite tool in avoiding the making of justified criticism is to say that something is „remarkable“. He uses the term exceedingly frequently throughout the book, which comes across as highly staged. It is a vague term not expected with such high frequency in an academic work. De Taillez seems to use it to create an atmosphere of ‘spin’ which can beguile people with no previous knowledge of the subject matter. It harbours the danger of turning his otherwise excellent work of history into one of public relations. To the general public, De Taillez pulls off these two faces particularly well and it comes as no surprise that he has landed a prestigious job as an advisor – presumably on German history – at the University of the German Armed Forces in Munich, which oversees the training of the officers corps. But there are inconsistencies in his book presentation and the fact his theories now seem to feed into the country’s state-sponsored history make these particularly concerning. His official online presence at the Ludwig Maximillian University promises: ‘(This project) will interpret the brothers Fritz and Heinrich Thyssens as a UNIT OF ALMOST COMPLEMENTARY OPPOSITE NUMBERS, BECAUSE THE APPARENTLY APOLITICAL HEINRICH ACTED, EVEN THOUGH IN A CONCEALED MANNER, AT LEAST AS LASTINGLY, IN POLITICAL TERMS, AS FRITZ. Visibility, respectively invisibility’ appears, (from this perspective), as A ‘COORDINATED STRATEGY OF POLITICAL ACTION’. This statement appears to promise a new honesty and yet leaves one puzzled, as it does not appear in the book itself and is not, in fact, representative of the elaborations in the book. There, Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza’s absence in the media is still principally explained by his involvement in a court case in London as a young man, in which he is said to have made such bad experiences with the press, that he subsequently – with his marriage in 1906 – retreated completely from public (especially German!) life, to be an apolitical, Hungarian nobleman. This is also the version which family members have propagated ever since. Again recently Francesca Habsburg née Thyssen-Bornemisza, let herself be fêted in the pages of the Financial Times Weekend Magazine as pretender to the Austrian throne and ‘grand-daughter of a Hungarian Baron’. Which is certainly more pleasant than having to expose Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza correctly as a German commoner, weapons manufacturer and Nazi banker; especially when one suns oneself, as Habsburg-Thyssen does, in the beautiful appearance of the expensive art the family bought, at least in part, with the profits of these reprehensible activities. Even the title chosen by Felix de Taillez is noticeably misleading, as it suggests that both brothers were anchored equally and intentionally, and as bourgeois members of society, within the public sphere. Yet these Thyssen brothers in particular, really did not see themselves as part of the middle class at all. Also less than one quarter of the book deals with Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza and then only with his explicitly authorised visibility in the exclusive, only partially public spheres of art collecting (which was already monitored comprehensibly by Johannes Gramlich) and horse racing (which we will deal with in a separate article following this review). We expected de Taillez to show how, apart from his presence in these two domains, Heinrich Thyssen managed to stay consistently out of the media, and what he aimed to withhold from general view. After all, the newly created archive of the Thyssen Industrial History Foundation in Duisburg has an astonishing 840 continuous meters of hitherto unaccessed material (except by us) on the Thyssen-Bornemisza complex. But instead of letting the wind of Aufarbeitung blow through the holdings of the ThyssenKrupp AG archives and these newly acquired files, the public is once again fobbed off with crumbs. In this volume, as so far in the series, the politico-economical actions especially of Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza, remain mostly camouflaged, this time, as befits the subject matter, behind the statement that the brothers were ‘victims of biased reporting’ and ‘helplessly exposed to media mechanisms’. Felix de Taillez does not mention Heinrich’s involvement in private banking, which is by its very nature, highly secretive. He leaves his close friendship with Hermann Göring (a client of the August Thyssen Bank) untackled and keeps silent about the use of the bank by the ‘Abwehr’, the German counter-intelligence service. In so doing, he avoids giving any information about the mechanisms used in turn by the Thyssens, and particularly Heinrich, in order to manipulate the media and keep their activities out of its spotlight. One of the insightful descriptions in this book is the statement that during the Ruhrkampf battle in 1923, Heinrich ‘cast his political lot in with Fritz’, that ‘in certain respects (…) he was even more radical than his brother (Fritz), as he rejected negotiations with the occupation force outright’. ‘Behind the scenes’, says de Taillez, Heinrich, ‘together with his associates, who had all linked together in a “patriotic movement of the Ruhr“, met leading members of the army and politicians in Berlin (…)’. – For unknown reasons, de Taillez does not mention who these “associates“ were -. As ‘finance administrator’ of the ‘Ruhr Protection Association’, Taillez continues, Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza ‘helped organise propaganda in favour of Germany in all occupied territories’, (as well as in) ‘Holland, Switzerland, Alsace-Lorraine and Italy’. One would like to ask Frau Habsburg why a man, who was allegedly a Hungarian Baron, would do such a thing. And why has it taken a century for these attitudes and actions of Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza to see the light of day? Because over the years, a conscious strategy was at play, whereby the Thyssen complex portrayed the Thyssen brothers as if Fritz had been the German national hero and Heinrich free of all ‘German evil’. It is the ideal way in which to confuse the public concerning questions of power and guilt. But as advantageous as such kinds of ‘legends of convenience’ might be, it is very time-consuming to uphold them. Because, if you believe Felix de Taillez, the world is full of ‘merciless’ left-wing writers who, for some unfathomable reason, insist on questioning things. This, according to him, is also the reason why, of all papers, ‘the social democrat paper “Vorwärts“’ in 1932 was leaked by a Dutch insider (and printed the information) that the Thyssen company ‘Vulcaan (was) favoured for the ore freight traffic of (the United Steelworks), by being the only shipping company enjoying very long-term contracts with the Düsseldorf steel giant. Furthermore the (United Steelworks) paid rates for this service, which were far above going market prices’. One would assume that the fact part of the Thyssen fortune, which has been described so pointedly by Christopher Neumaier as ‘exorbitant’, seems to have been based on some dishonest business practices, should be condemned. But de Taillez allows himself instead the following comment: ‘Thus business connections were uncovered which the Thyssens had tried to camouflage under considerable efforts.’ As if acts of economic crime were an achievement and the real scandal their disclosure by those seeking the truth. And de Taillez adds yet another layer to this twisted approach. Fritz Thyssen declared the lack of capital to be the Weimar Republic’s biggest economic problem. But when asked about his own capital flight from Germany, for instance in a 1924 interview with Ferdinand de Brinon, he circumvented the question. Absolutely understandable, in the eyes of de Taillez, as he had to maintain his reputation as a ‘dutyful German entrepreneur’. Whereby the artificiality of the Thyssens’ reputation, in the twinkling of an eye, receives an academic and, because of the author’s current position, a quasi stately seal of approval. The lives of the Thyssen brothers Heinrich and Fritz teem with artificiality. There is their militarism, which de Taillez explains as their internalised connection to ‘army, tradition, faith and military practices’. Both trained in Hohenzollern elite regiments, however Heinrich declined war service and Fritz escaped it early by ‘having himself charged, on his own suggestion, with an official order by the Foreign Office to clarify the raw material situation for the Reich in the orient (Ottoman Empire)’. Stephan Wegener’s assertion that the Thyssens suffered high material losses through World War One is nothing but family folklore designed to shield unpalatable truths. Wegener, a member of the Josef Thyssen side of the family, conveniently leaves out that they were not only compensated by the German state, but made huge, fully audited profits supplying steel, armaments and submarines, with the assistance of forced labour. It is unforgivable that an academic such as Felix de Taillez and others in the series repeat the family legends of overall material war loss, as if they were fact. The issue of Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza’s adopted nationality shows most clearly what kinds of self-staging the family used. As he had to position himself as a ‘Hungarian’ to contrast Fritz, Heinrich insisted unforgivingly on his castle in Burgenland being called by its Hungarian name ‘Rohoncz’. He said he found the German version too ‘socialist’ (implying falsely that the German term had only come about in 1919 with the proclamation of the republic, see ‘The Thyssen Art Macabre’, page 123). According to de Taillez, Heinrich even got into fights with the Burgenland County Government, the Austrian Federal Monuments Office, the Bavarian State Ministry for Education and Culture and the Foreign Office in Berlin. Ironically the castle administration sat somewhere completely different, namely with Rotterdamsch Trustees Kantoor in Rotterdam. ‘The Baron’ camouflaged himself twice and threefold; sedentary officials had no tools to counteract such extravagant strategies. Fritz too opposed the abolishment of the German and Austrian monarchies and the rise of social democracy. According to de Taillez he saw Germany as a hard-pressed center surrounded by a tight circle formed by England, France, Italy and Russia and was of the opinion that ‘the big pressure from outside did not allow for the German national unification to proceed by democratic means’. Fritz thought social democrats as ‘moderate revolutionaries’ were ‘just as dangerous’ as more radical subversives. According to de Taillez, Thyssen wanted the ‘spirit of the worker’ to be ‘German’ and no more. While the unions were requesting increased rationalisations, shortening of working hours and increased wages, he wanted a ’Volk’ (people) strengthened by the increase of the working day from 8 to 10 (!) hours and an end to participative management (a German speciality, whereby workers representatives sit on the management board). But how could this be made palatable for the men returning from the horrors of the First World War, who were turning in droves to pacifist and democratic organisations? According to Niels Löffelbein, George Mosse explains the rise of fascism with a ‘brutalisation’ of post-war political culture through the mass of soldiers, which led to a ‘dissolution of boundaries and a radicalisation of political might’. Angel Alcalde counters that the world war participants were increasingly ‘instrumentalised’ as anti-bolshevik fighters by the extreme right and the veterans organisations. This, says Alcalde, happened during the ‘mytho-motoric incubation period’ of the 1920s. Thus the connection between radical nationalism and war was celebrated within the cult for the fallen heroes (and those still willing to fight on). According to de Taillez, as early as October 1917, Fritz Thyssen submitted an enrollment declaration to the right-wing, nationalist Deutsche Vaterlandspartei (DVLP, German Patriotic Party). In 1927 he gave a speech during an event of the ‘Stahlhelm Bund der Frontsoldaten’ (Steel Helmet Association of Front-Line Soldiers), the ‘fighting force ready for violence’ of the Deutschnationale Volkspartei (DNVP) in his hometown of Mülheim. He is also said to have been ‘very close’ to the ‘Association of the anti-democratic, extreme right-wing Harzburger Front’. Felix de Taillez writes that Thyssen supported the Austro-fascist home guard militias: ‘Via Anton Apold, the general manager of the Austrian-Alpine Mining Company (Österreichisch-Alpine Montangesellschaft) (…), which in its majority belonged to the United Steelworks, (…) there was a connection of Thyssen with the radical right-wing home guards of Austria’. ‘The Düsseldorf Peoples Paper (Düsseldorfer Volkszeitung) insinuated that the big German industrialist wished to test out, “on the limited battle field of Austria“, how the unions’ influence could be broken’. Without the shadow of a doubt, these associations would have been backed by Heinrich as well, but as a purported Hungarian privatier, he managed to keep out of all media reports about the topic and thus was not publicly perceived as a supporter of the extreme right in the German-speaking world. By not clarifying this circumstance, de Taillez adds to the picture of Heinrich drawn by the series as not being in any way a sympathiser of the far right. It is an allegation based purely on the absence of public sources, which was deliberately engineered by Heinrich and his associates. Absence of proof is not proof of absence and this should have been exposed by de Taillez. It is not, as exposing Heinrich’s far right-wing sympathies would destroy the Thyssen family mythological reputation. For the Thyssens, there were always conflicts of interests between their national affiliation and their economic ambitions. After they had transposed the ownership structures of their works to the neutral Netherlands before the First World War, Fritz and his father August participated shortly after the war in talks about the formation of a Rhenanian Republic. According to de Taillez, the accusation by the Workers and Soldiers Council was that they ‘had requested the separation of Rhenania-Westphalia and the occupation of the Ruhr by the Allies’. A waiter had reported the meeting and the Thyssens were soon accused of being ‘greedy hypocrites’ and ‘money bag patriots’; others said this was a slur on the loyally German industrialists. The case against them was dismissed (see ‘The Thyssen Art Macabre’, p. 56) and Felix de Taillez writes that the waiter admitted to having lied. It does not cross his mind that this man might have needed to do so in order to keep his, or indeed any, job. Afterwards, Fritz Thyssen, who, according to de Taillez, ‘had a much higher status for German politics than a normal citizen’, was commissioned by the Foreign Office in Berlin to participate in the confidential follow-up negotiations for individual articles of the Versailles Peace Treaty. Soon after the war, Fritz Thyssen also began to establish for himself an alternative domicile in Argentina by buying, first of all, the Estancia Don Roberto Lavaisse in the province of San Luis. The family’s connections with South America went back to pre-war times, when August Thyssen had founded in Buenos Aires a branch of the German-Overseas Trading Company of the Thyssen Works (Hamborn) (Deutsch-Überseeische Handelsgesellschaft der Thyssen’schen Werke). Since 1921 the company was called Compania Industrial & Mercantil Thyssen Limitada. In 1927 it took over the Lametal company and from them on ‘went under the name of Thyssen-Lametal S.A.’. According to de Taillez, Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza sold it in 1927 for 4.8 million guilders to the United Steelworks. In Brazil too the family had owned property for years and advertised commercial trade there. During the Ruhrkampf (battle against the Ruhr occupation) of 1923, which Fritz Thyssen allegedly saw as a ‘legitimate defence measure against foreign begrudgers’, he let himself be represented in the allied court by Friedrich Grimm, an avowed anti-semite and subsequent Nazi lawyer who, according to de Taillez, defended Nazi perpetrators after 1945 and downplayed Nazi crimes. In the eyes of the author, Thyssen was merely ‘talked up’ artificially as a ‘projectory surface’ for a ‘new German national identity’, respectively for a ‘free Germanness’, particularly by the New York Times and the Times of London. But the Ruhrkampf was the first occasion for Fritz to move out very publicly from the shadow of his almighty father, whose health had started to deteriorate, In our opinion, this motive of self-liberation is a factor in Fritz Thyssen’s publicly celebrated swing to the right that should not be underestimated. If you listen to de Taillez, it must ‘remain open’, ‘whether Fritz Thyssen was captured by the world of a sometimes extreme nationalism, which had formed in Germany during the First World War’. What a pity that his wife Amelie Thyssen gets so little attention in this series, apart from her role as co-founder of the Fritz Thyssen Foundation. According to a statement made by Heini Thyssen to us, there was certainly nothing ‘talked up’ about Amelie Thyssen’s politics and she indeed seems to have been national socialist in her strong German nationalism during this ‘1920s incubation period’ and beyond. Although time and again de Taillez describes how much Fritz depended on his wife’s opinions, he leaves the possibility of political influencing within this couple’s relationship completely unmentioned. Since Amelie was the driving force in successfully reclaiming the Thyssen organisation after the Second World War, any bad light on her would, once again, harm the Thyssen family mythological reputation. Grimm’s argument before the court was characterised by his statement that ‘private assets such as Ruhr coal (…) legally could not simply be confiscated, in order to settle state debts, without compensating the owners’. Taillez alleges that the Ruhrkampf set in motion in Fritz Thyssen a ‘sense of political mission’, which ‘surpassed by far the activities in the interests of the business’. He concedes that Thyssen, by saying that the German economy could only recover ‘through even greater working output’, had incurred guilt: ‘through such public statements (…) he also contributed to the failing of the social partnership in the 1920s, which gravely endangered the democratic form of government in Germany’. Eventually, Fritz would be indulged by Adolf Hitler with a promise to establish a Research and Development Department for Fritz’s concept of a corporate state. This unrequited activity encouraged Fritz in considerable political activity. Fritz was disappointed by his project’s lack of action, but, when he pointed this out to Hitler, was told: ‘I never made you any promises. I’ve nothing to thank you for. What you did for my movement you did for your own benefit and wrote it off as an insurance premium’ (quoted by Henry Ashby Turner Jr., see ‘The Thyssen Art Macabre’, p. 108). According to de Taillez, Fritz Thyssen followed his own business interests above all else, apart from situations when it was not completely clear to him ‘which path would served (these) most’. Within European rapprochement politics, he describes him as ‘ambiguous’. Thyssen critised the Weimar Republic in the French press as well as the North-American public sphere, described the German government as ‘weak and not trustworthy’ and thus ‘stuck the knife into German foreign politics in a difficult situation’. On the other hand, he criticised the ‘short-sighted and mean-spirited, selfish economic politics of the North Americans’. Thyssen ‘wanted bilateral exchange contracts for the traffic of raw materials, which were to put a stop to international financial speculations and achieve independence from exchange rates’. But when Fritz ‘(ranted) against finance techniques which (he said) were getting in the way of the real economy’, he failed to mention that the Thyssen family controlled 100% of three international banks and thereby was itself a global financial player (which, strangely, Felix de Taillez does not mention). Although his group leader, Simone Derix, refuted this comprehensively, de Taillez continues to allege that Heinrich managed his inherited share of the family concern independently from Fritz’s. He says the relationship between the two brothers was bad. Now they might not have loved each other wholeheartedly; it is normal for there to be certain jealousies between siblings. Heini Thyssen told us how his father walked down Bahnhofstrasse in Zürich one day and changed to the other side of the street when he saw his brother Fritz. But this had indeed more to do with image than realities. Heini too wished to give the impression of discord, because his own, the Thyssen-Bornemisza side of the family, had managed to keep disassociated from discussions about the Third Reich. A photograph of the three brothers in 1938 (see ‘The Thyssen Art Macabre’, p. 128) and here shows that there were no problems in their relationship. Instead of being objective, de Taillez repeats parrot-like old Thyssen-internal myths, which have become dogma. This is particularly ‘remarkable’ as he tells us, on the other hand, that he wants to ‘interpret’ both men as ‘a unit of almost complementary opposite numbers’, whose ‘visibility respectively invisibility’ appears (from this perspective) as a ‘coordinated strategy of political action’. After Heinrich received his ‘exorbitant’ inheritance in 1926, for a few short years he invested massively into paintings and works of art, thereby following the example of his friend Eduard von der Heydt, who had moved to Switzerland that same year. Despite it never being housed there, he called his collection ‘Rohoncz Castle Collection’, to give the impression of it having grown organically over a long period of time, and being of an aristocratic cachet. As such he had it exhibited in 1930 in the Neue Pinakothek in Munich. But Friedrich Winkler of the State Museums in Berlin compared ‘Thyssen-Bornemisza’s methods (…) to Napoleon’s art theft’ and described him as ‘clueless, uninformed, limited and dependent on the opinions of dealers and experts’. Rudolf Buttmann, delegate of the Nazi party in the Bavarian County Parliament, called the collection ‘an entity gathered by dealers’. Many false attributions and fakes were decried and the whole thing descended into a veritable ‘media scandal’. According to de Taillez, the Munich Pinakothek was willing only in the case of 60 out of 428 paintings to take them temporarily into their own stock after the end of the exhibition. But these were highly speculative times with an ‘increasing commercialisation of the art market’. Despite all the hoo-ha, Heinrich’s ‘calculation to have the value of his collection determined publicly’ came good (at 50 million RM – without de Taillez explaining how he would know of such a ‘calculation’). His enterprise was described as a ‘national deed’ in which ‘the whole of Germany was said to be interested’. He was described as a ‘saviour of German cultural goods’, who was endowed with a ‘bourgeois educational mandate’ over the public. Meanwhile, it was striking that Heinrich was not presented anywhere as the son of the famous Ruhr industrialist and creator of the family fortune, August Thyssen. Instead, he was made out to be ‘the great stranger’, a person of ominous flair who nobody seemed to know exactly where he came from. There needed to be just enough ‘Germanness’ tagged onto him to keep conservative Munich audiences happy, while still maintaining the illusion of Heinrich’s adopted Hungarianness. What is troubling is that de Taillez does not openly decry this as the obvious Thyssen manipulation of public perception that it was. The town of Düsseldorf and its art museum, which were ‘leading amongst big German cities’ during the Weimar years in view of a ‘highly developed apparatus of communal public relations’, was used by Heinrich Thyssen over many years, according to de Taillez. He took himself for ‘such an important personality (…), that he could make demands on the local political sphere’. It appears nonsensical that de Taillez equally alleges that the national positioning of Heinrich in Germany was only down to the materials handed out to the press by his art advisor Rudolf Heinemann and the Düsseldorf mayor Robert Lehr and that it was not in Heinrich’s own sense. Heinrich had organised propaganda in favour of Germany, he also kept his German passport (see ‘The Thyssen Art Macabre’, p. 55 – confirmed by Simone Derix) and accepted German compensation payments for war damages to his enterprises (see ‘The Thyssen Art Macabre’, p.201 – confirmed by Harald Wixforth). It is incomprehensible why de Taillez makes such contradictory statements; unless the accusations levelled at the series’ output of having been influenced by the source of their sponsorship – the Fritz Thyssen Foundation – might be justified. Felix de Taillez goes way further than he should by not just obfuscating existing Thyssen manipulations but even generating new ones. He writes: ‘Heinrich (reacted) to the debacle of the exhibition, namely by restructuring big parts of his collection afterwards, selling THE controversial paintings and only thereby creating the actual breakthrough to the collection which is today world renowned’. His underpinning reference is to Johannes Gramlich’s volume ‘The Thyssens As Art Collectors’, pages 263-273. There, however, only 32 paintings are mentioned as having been sold between 1930 and 1937. Thyssen-internal lists available to us show that 405 paintings bought by Heinrich up to 1930 were inherited by his children in 1948. This would mean that only 23 paintings had theoretically been sold between 1930 and 1948. So there can be no talk of Heinrich ‘restructuring big parts of his collection (after the exhibition debacle)…….selling THE controversial paintings’, which makes it sound like ALL the controversial pictures exhibited by Thyssen in 1930 were subsequently sold by him. Even today, the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum in Madrid contains at least 120 paintings from the 1930 Munich Exhibition. If there was any ‘restructuring’ of the 1930 collection, it was not done actively by Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza, but happened passively following his death, mainly through inheritance share-outs (1948, as well as 1993 after Hans Heinrich (‘Heini’) Thyssen sold only half the Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection to Spain – the other half went to his wife and four children). There was also a sale specifically of German paintings in the 1950s by Heini Thyssen who, after the Nazi period, wanted to be seen as being even more disconnected from Germany (see ‘The Thyssen Art Macabre’, p. 269). And of course, Heini Thyssen became an art collector on a completely different scale to his father and did indeed buy some very good, mostly modern, paintings. Many of the questionable paintings exhibited in 1930, however, remained in Thyssen ownership and de Taillez’s assertion that they did not is misleading. It must be remembered in this context that Heini Thyssen bought back most of the paintings that went to his siblings in the 1948 inheritance share out, so that most of the questionable 1930 paintings would have ended up in his possession. The Thyssens’ attitude has always been that once a painting had entered their inventory it was to be seen as beyond reproach. In this, they sought to emulate the prestige which the Rothschilds possessed. Most members of the general public, influenced by the media – who are possibly submitted to a VIP equivalent of the royal rota (whereby journalists are excluded from access to members of the royal family if they publish negative stories) -, have always seemed to accept this version of reality. What is noticeable throughout the book and the series as a whole is that it comprises not a single personal quote from a living member of the Thyssen family. So much new history is being written about them and one wonders what they feel now that some of the plates that had, for so long and at great expense, been kept spinning in the air are starting to come tumbling down. But Felix de Taillez would not be Felix de Taillez if he did not release us from the world of Thyssen art with yet another piece of white wash. Various art advisors, museum directors and the Baron himself had made contradictory statements about when exactly the paintings had been bought. Had they ever been at Rechnitz Castle, as the name of the collection suggested? Sometimes they said yes, sometimes no. The Thyssen-internal lists available to us show that he bought his first painting in 1928 and all works remained in safe deposits until the 1930 exhibition (the foreword to the exhibition catalogue makes this very clear – see here). Which did not, however, stop the Baron from saying sometimes that he had made his first art purchase in 1906, the year he married into Hungary. In the 1930s, his lawyer did something similar with the Swiss authorities: ‘In connection with Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza’s move to Switzerland it is furthermore remarkable that the first exhibition of his collection in Munich was of financial use to him. For the import of his paintings and other works of art into Switzerland he was able to use, vis-a-vis the Swiss authorities, the reference to the exhibition with said catalogue as proof that around 250 valuable paintings had been in his possession already for a longer period of time. Through this gambit he was able to have the works of art moved to Lugano “for his personal enjoyment“ and exempt from customs duties’. (The name of Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza’s Ticino lawyer was Roberto van Aken, and it was not the only time he bent the truth on behalf of his client), To recapitulate: Felix de Taillez applauds the outwitting of the Swiss customs authorities by Heinrich Thyssen’s malleable lawyer, seems to give as a reason why allegedly 250, not 428 paintings were moved to Switzerland, that the Baron had sold the questionable paintings and, at the same time, like Johannes Gramlich, leaves us completely in the dark as to when and how exactly this transfer of goods out of Germany is supposed to have taken place. As the collection at the time of the 1948 inheritance share-out contained a total of 542 paintings, he also leaves unexplained where the other almost 300 paintings are supposed to have come from and when they got into Switzerland. The fact the Thyssens themselves were intransparent concerning this matter is understandable. But it is unacceptable that academics, having been commissioned almost a century later to work through the events in a claimed ‘independent’ manner, are behaving in the same way. Particularly as no family members have been quoted. On the whole, while Felix de Taillez is remarkably obstinate in prolonging the myths surrounding Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza, he seems somewhat more direct in his presentation of Fritz. We dont suggest the Fritz Thyssen Foundation or the Thyssen Industrial History Foundation have steered the results of these academic investigations. But the fact access to source materials and financial sponsorship were granted by these entities (on whose boards sits only ONE Thyssen family member, namely Georg Thyssen-Bornemisza, a descendant of Heinrich, not Fritz) must have led the authors to tread with a degree of ‘caution’ in their ultimate assessments. Continuing on the theme of Fritz, following the putsch by General Jose Felix Uriburu, an ‘undemocratic decade’ began in Argentina in 1930, during which a ‘strong economic integration with Germany’ came about. According to de Taillez, ‘strongly extreme right-wing movements’ existed there from the 1890s onwards, and ‘already before the seizure of power in Germany’ the foreign organisation of the Nazi party ‘took hold (in Argentina) particularly well’ (see also ‘The Thyssen Art Macabre’, p. 195). Lateron the La Plata newspaper reported that Fritz Thyssen in 1930 (!) proclaimed the ‘dawn of the coming, new Germany’ under Hitler in the Argentinian public. In 1934 he demanded in the Argentinian Journal (Argentinisches Tageblatt) the ‘unlimited power of the new (German) government in order to boost the economy’, which de Taillez describes as ‘remarkable’, after all he had ‘normally always insisted on big freedoms for the private economy’. De Taillez continues: ‘According to Thyssen, the concentration of power in the Nazi state offered the important advantage, of making decisions, without having to take “half-measures“ and “make compromises“ like in the “party state contaminated by Marxism“’. By which Fritz used the extremist language of the National Socialists against political opponents. During the Gelsenberg affair in 1932 there were press reports, encouraged by the former Reich Finance Minister Hermann Dietrich, that Fritz Thyssen had negotiated a deal for the United Steelworks with French and Dutch investors, but that the Reich government wanted to prevent this, because it did not wish for foreign influence on the enterprise. By writing a letter to the German public, that he had ‘only explored the possibility of obtaining loans’, Thyssen ‘consciously exposed the Reich government’, writes de Taillez. The author argues that Thyssen’s statements were dismantled when a letter by Friedrich Flick to him was leaked to the Frankfurter Zeitung, which showed that Flick ‘had (rejected) Thyssen’s suggestion precisely because of the source of the money connected with it’. The Düsseldorf Volkszeitung newspaper reacted by calling Thyssen ‘unpatriotic’. At the beginning of 1932, while his brother Heinrich bought Villa Favorita in Lugano, Fritz ‘veered demonstratively towards National Socialism’. His wife had already joined the party on 01.03.1931. He would do so officially on 07.07.1933. Looking back at the Ruhrkampf, Fritz concluded, according to de Taillez, that this was ‘a preliminary for the national socialist body of thought of the new Germany’: ‘In contrast to 1932 now it is not just the Ruhr area standing firm, but the whole of Germany will go the path that the “Führer“ is prescribing. The shattering of Marxism in the country was only down to Hitler, the SA and the SS’ (from an article in the Kölnische Zeitung newspaper ‘Fritz Thyssen about the class struggle’, on 02.05.1933). Thus Thyssen became a ‘media player’, who under Hitler ‘profited considerably from the abolition of the freedom of the press’, as soon nobody was allowed any longer to set anything against his verbal crudeness. Meanwhile, he led negotiations in Buenos Aires ‘with high state organs’ such as ‘General Agustin Pedro Justo, the President in power since 1932 after rigged elections’. Subsequently an Argentinian-German trade agreement, including offsetting and compensation procedures, was signed in November 1934, whereby trade between the two countries increased drastically. It seems Thyssen was trying to help form an antipole to Anglo-American economic might. But Felix de Taillez believes Fritz, utterly selfishly, was just helping construct his own ‘image’ as an ‘influential economic leader’, to bring great publicity to himself. Not all of the South-American press was positive about Thyssen. The Argentinian Tagesblatt paper in 1934 talked about a ‘coming together of joint bankruptcies’ having taken place in 1933, when the United Steelworks were bankrupt and the Nazi party was ‘hopelessly in debt’. ‘The newspaper accused the United Steelworks under Thyssen’s leadership as chairman of the supervisory board to have carried out extensive accounting fraud.’ (from their article ‘Business deals of a State Councillor’, dated 08.11.1934). The Cologne cultural magazine ‘Westdeutscher Scheinwerfer’ described Fritz Thyssen as an ‘autocrat’ and ‘said the main reason for the crisis at the United Steelworks was the contentious personal politics of Fritz Thyssen’. His critics in the media ‘declared Fritz Thyssen to be incapable in economic and political affairs’ and ‘made him responsible for the high losses at United Steelworks’. It was the very thing his father August, who had no social ambition but lived entirely for his works, had warned about many years earlier. He had ensured Fritz was only head of the supervisory board, not the management board, in order to minimise the damage August was convinced Fritz would do to the company. August believed Heinrich was only marginally more adequate than Fritz to be head of the Thyssen empire (see ‘The Thyssen Art Macabre’, p. 70). Meanwhile, after the war, the Allies would accuse the United Steelworks of ‘consistently giving their full financial support to the militarily-minded National Socialist Party’. Loping the ball back into the allied court, Fritz Thyssen would write in 1950 ‘In my opinion, the Nuremberg trials were conducted mainly to find someone to blame for Hitler’s WAR policy. It would have been very embarrassing for the Americans to have to admit that they had supported the German rearmament from the very first, because they wished for a WAR against Russia’ (see ‘The Thyssen Art Macabre’, pages 80 and 230). ‘Remarkably’ for a man whose credibility depends on the assertion that his anti-war stance led him eventually to breaking with the Nazis, when the national socialists Wilhelm von Keppler and Kurt von Schröder collected signatures to ask Paul von Hindenburg to make Adolf Hitler Reich Chancellor, Fritz Thyssen was the ONLY member of the Ruhrlade (association of the 12 most important Ruhr industrialists that existed from 1928 to 1939) to sign. In his dealings with other industrialists he could be gruff and rude. He warned colleagues to be ‘disciplined’, especially those who he thought were being ‘liberalistic’. People such as Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, who strove against Hitler as long as he could and who, like Richard Freudenberg and many others, only surrendered to national socialism once it had been installed, as a dictatorship, with the help of the Thyssens and their associates. According to de Taillez ‘(Thyssen) threatened possible interferers citing his new influence on the state organs in charge’, i.e. he told them he would report them to Hermann Göring. This is an admission of extremely overbearing Thyssen behaviour issued by the Thyssen complex as official historiography, which, as such, really is remarkable. And it does not stop there. Fritz Thyssen also threatened catholic priests, who were normally his allies. In March 1933, for instance, he let it be known to Cardinal Schulte that his family would not take part in any more church services ‘as long as the unjust treatment of the Führer & members of the Nazi party endured’. He took part in sociological special meetings in Maria Laach under the Abbott Ildefons Herwegen and the circle of ‘anti-democratic rightwing catholics’, who, according to de Taillez, were ‘annexable by the national socialists’. These were ‘against the enlightenment, universal human rights, democracy, liberalism, socialism, communism, decidedly anti-semitic’ and in favour of an ‘authoritarian corporatism’. They were trying to develop a ‘Reich Theology’, ‘supported by the association of catholic academics’. Reminding us once again that it was the professions, such as the legal community, who took particularly early and enthusiastically to the Nazi ideology. Despite all this threatening behaviour, Felix de Taillez alleges – not very convincingly – that Fritz Thyssen interpreted national socialism ‘in a conservative manner’. Apparently, he saw it as the ‘renaissance of a lost State and of the Volksgemeinschaft (Peoples Community)’. He writes that for Thyssen, national socialism was not so much an ideology as a ‘HEROIC FORCE’, whereby a ‘class of people underpinning the state’ had been resurrected, who had taken up the ‘battle against the gravediggers of the state’. – This is reminiscent of the intrumentalising slogans, used by proto-fascist veterans’ associations as mentioned by Angel Alcalde -. But in the same paragraph, Fritz Thyssen then divulged his elitist understanding of his role within national socialism, when he said that one would, however, take away ‘the dignity and primacy of this class of people if one were to try and lift up 64 million people into the same dignity through ideological propaganda’. For the Rheinische Zeitung newspaper, this meant that Thyssen was a fascist, but no ‘roister Nazi’. In reality it meant that he saw himself and his family as part of the State, but not as part of the Volksgemeinschaft (Peoples’ Community), which he thought should be kept subservient to himself and his associates. It sounds less like a conservative and more like a FEUDAL understanding of national socialism. As the dictatorship gathered momentum, the Gauleiter of Essen, Josef Terboven, asked Rudolf Hess in a letter ‘to have the “Führer“ name Thyssen as politico-economic plenipotentiary for the Ruhr area and to have his position endowed with unconditional authority’. There seems to have been a power triangle of Hermann Göring, Gauleiter Terboven and Fritz Thyssen, whose media voice piece was the National-Zeitung newspaper. According to de Taillez, Thyssen took part in the Nuremberg party rallies. He was a member of the Central Committee of the Reichsbank, of the Academy of German Law and of the Expert Committee on Questions of Population and Racial Policy (see also here). By 1938, Fritz had assembled so many supervisory board mandates for himself, ‘that he was positioned as an individual in the centre of a network of the Reich economic elite, on third place after the chairman of the United Steelworks, Albert Vögler, and the bank director of Berliner Handelsgesellschaft, Wilhelm Koeppel’. The groundbreaking thesis of Felix de Taillez is that it took a long time for Thyssen to break with the Nazis: ‘The assertions uttered by him and by his associates during the 1948 denazification proceedings that he had already turned away demonstratively during the 1930s (thus appear) as no more than pretextual, easy to see through, defensive attempts.’ Even in 1936, de Taillez writes, Thyssen still defended Hitler at the Industry Club in Düsseldorf ‘almost manically’, using quotations from “Mein Kampf“. In the same year, he showed himself to be ‘unteachable’, as he accused those who saw the Nazis’ armaments policies as harbingers of war, of being wrong. According to Thyssen, ‘it was only owing to Hitler that Germany was once again seen internationally as an equal partner’. Gottfried Niedhart and the Perlentaucher (elitist culture blog) have taken up joyfully the interpretation that Fritz Thyssen ‘was not at all the powerful man behind Hitler’, but only ‘blinded’ by him, and that ‘he really seems to have thought that the rearmament did not serve the preparation of war, but the goal of “becoming capable of forming alliances“’. But why should one believe that a man, whose views were otherwise so changeable and untrustworthy, should have seen clearly and been truthful in his anti-war stance, which just so happens to hit at the central agony of the German nation (namely the question of their responsibility for the Nazis’ war and its horrors)? Does it not, rather, seem like yet another attempt at obscuring the Thyssens’ long-lasting support of the National Socialist regime? Particularly as his alleged anti-war stance was central also to the Thyssens’ ability of regaining their assets from the allies after the war. And why, if Fritz knew, as he wrote in 1950, that the Americans wanted to rearm Germany to go to war with Russia, did he not break away from this evil alliance earlier on?! Because he too was for a war against the Soviet Union after all? Or because it was more important for him to reap the economic benefits than to take a moral stance? And if so, why are these official Thyssen biographers overall still alleging his flight from Germany, when it finally came, to have been a moral stance, rather than one of convenience, when according to de Taillez, he had missed out so many earlier opportunities at opposing Hitler’s plans? In the words of de Taillez, when Hermann Göring declared the mobilisation of the wartime economy in the summer of 1938, Thyssen propagated ‘this propaganda in the media through his clear avowal of allegiance to the Four-Year-Plan’. In February 1939 he was named by Walther Funk (who was a client of the August Thyssen Bank, see ‘The Thyssen Art Macabre’, p. 87) as a Leader of the Wartime Economy. The assertions presented at the denazification trial that Thyssen had harboured ‘serious thoughts of subversion’ and had been in contact with resistance circles is described by de Taillez as ‘idle’, because ‘reliable sources do not exist’. Rather, de Taillez testifies to Thyssen remaining absolutely ‘inactive’ until November 1939, i.e. until two months after the start of the war. An assertion that ‘Thyssen proposed a close cooperation between industry and the army to General von Kluge after the November pogrom of 1938, in order to put an end to Nazi politics’ is clarified by him thus: ‘based on the situation with the sources, it is more than questionable, whether such a plan existed at all’. Felix de Taillez thus dismantles the so far, in his own words, ‘successful reframing’ of Fritz Thyssen in an ‘image of an extraordinarily early “fanatical opponent“ of National Socialism, who was already active in the resistance in 1936’. (This being an image issued to the public from 1948 onwards by Thyssen’s solicitor and PR-advisor, Robert Ellscheid (see also here)). And that is truly ‘remarkable’! According to de Taillez, following Fritz Thyssen’s flight to Switzerland in September 1939, the English press reported that an international arrest warrant had been issued against him for ‘theft, embezzlement, tax evasion and contraventions against German currency restrictions’. Thyssen, however, threatened Hitler with precisely this international public opinion, while simultaneously presenting himself as a ‘proud’ German ‘with every fibre of his being’. He said he wanted to show ‘the innocence of the “German nation“ concerning recent developments’, while at the same time saying that ‘the German people had shown in the inter-war years that it was „incapable of adjusting itself to democratic institutions“’. (Even during his denazification proceeding in 1948 ‘Thyssen continued to ascertain his view that democracy was not a form of government suitable to Germany’!). De Taillez qualifies his attitude as being ‘naive’…. ‘Schizophrenic’ and ‘impudent’ would be more adequate adjectives from our point of view. It is typical for Thyssen’s belief in his own omnipotence, that he seemed to think that the course of a war, that had been planned by such a long hand, could be changed by a few of his statements. The fact that his brother Heinrich had managed so elegantly, through his Hungarian nationality, and his secure, comfortable domicile in Switzerland, to keep out of public politics, while still enjoying all the financial rewards the Thyssen enterprises were reaping from the war, must have made Fritz very angry. This vexation might even have been one trigger for his flight. And so he showed no consideration for Heinrich’s standstill agreement with the Swiss authorities (see ‘The Thyssen Art Macabre’, p. 103) which he endangered by his noisy flight to Switzerland. De Taillez then explains that Fritz Thyssen, via ‘secret channels’, ‘got in touch with former Chancellor Joseph Wirth and western agents’ and thus ‘became, in a certain way, a part of Wirth’s attempts at sounding out France and England’. But then, he says, General Halder, who had been ‘until that time, head of the secret military opposition to the Third Reich’, ‘buckled at the beginning of 1940’. According to de Taillez, the French secret service, however, assumed ‘that Fritz Thyssen was the head of a far-reaching secret organisation being built up in Switzerland by Germany, in order to undermine the influence of the French and the British in Europe’. At the same time, de Taillez believes that ‘under normal circumstances, the entry of Thyssen into France during the war would have been refused. It was his luck that he had been able to convince the French secret service in Switzerland that he held important information and assessments, which would be useful to the allies in their fight against the Third Reich’. It was always typical for the ultra-rich Thyssens to make themselves look important with everyone that mattered. Only this time, it was about war. Any kind of allegiance was never at the forefront of their mind. The Thyssens were transnational and committed to no single nation – only to themselves alone. This fact can be gaged from the book ‘I Paid Hitler’, which Fritz Thyssen elaborated together with Emery Reves in 1940 and which was published by the latter in 1941 in London and New York (see also here). According to de Taillez, since 1937 Reves also worked with Winston Churchill. He writes that in 1940 Churchill ‘commissioned (Reves) with building up the british propaganda apparatus in North and South America’ (!). De Taillez continues: ‘Reves told Churchill about the central theory of Fritz Thyssen for the reimplementation of peace in Europe, which would soon be proclaimed publicly: the partition of Germany’ – namely into ‘a protestant Eastern Germany and a catholic Western German under a Wittelsbach’. Churchill is said to have passed on these views to his secret service advisor Major Desmond Morton – although one could have one’s doubts about how much of this was actually a direct quote from Thyssen and how much might be ascribed to British propaganda (!)… The fact that Fritz Thyssen might also sometimes have ‘consciously spoken the untruth’ (i.e. that he sometimes lied) is a suggestion that Felix de Taillez floats in connection with Thyssen’s statements after the war concerning the creation of ‘I Paid Hitler’. It is a tinge of honesty, of openness that has also to do with „honour“ after all, and which has been missing from so many of the statements made by Thyssens and their self-proclaimed official biographers in the past. While Thyssen and his lawyers distanced themselves from the book, Reves confirmed to the denazification court that all of the book had been dictated by Thyssen and that two thirds of it had been proof-read by him. Reves rejected the idea of being a ghostwriter and described himself as publisher and press agent. He also argued that Anita Zichy-Thyssen had repeatedly thanked him for his publishing the book. To this day Anita’s descendants in South America praise the book and slander anyone critical of Fritz Thyssen (see here). De Taillez records that following his being taken into custody by the Allies in 1945, Fritz Thyssen ‘was presented in the British and US-American weekly newsreels as an alleged war criminal’. Then, presumably in order to explain this, in his view, mistaken stance, he alledges: ‘apparently the Americans were still having difficulties in assessing the Thyssen case in a consistent way, as well as in their coordination with the German authorities’. This blocks out the fact that the Thyssen case was fraught because the allies could not access and question Heinrich in his Swiss safehaven, and because there were discrepancies between the British and the American views of how the Thyssens should be dealt with (in general, the British were much more in favour of their punishment). Wilhelmus Groenendijk, who was part of the Thyssen-Bornemisza Group finance division from 1957 to 1986 told us: ‘BOTH Heinrich and Fritz were listed as war criminals. But from the Netherlands, we managed to get their names brought further down and down on that list, until we were able to claim that the assets were in fact allied property’ – and therefore could not possibly be seen as having abetted the German war effort (see ‘The Thyssen Art Macabre’, p. 188). De Taillez summarises for Fritz Thyssen that ‘despite considerable differences (…) he arranged himself with the Third Reich for a long time, because there was a basis of common ground’, namely the ideal of the authoritarian state, the disempowerment of the socialist workers movement and the revisionist policies. To this was added the prospect of profit increases in the steel industry. He describes that ‘the former Reich Chancellor (Heinrich) Brüning declared in writing (during the post-war denazification proceedings against Fritz Thyssen) that financing by foreign powers was decisive for Hitler’s ascent to power’. And yet various authors of this series, including de Taillez alledge that this is nothing more than a conspiracy theory. Notwithstanding, de Taillez makes the remarkable assertion that ‘the often polarising statements made by Fritz Thyssen were judged more positively in the anglo-american media, which is the most powerful media in the world, until 1933, than by the german public’ – which would of course indicate that, contrary to what is said today, there was indeed support for the German move to the extreme right in Great Britain and the United States after all. De Taillez describes Fritz much more intimately than he does Heinrich, namely as absurd, agitating, ambivalent, influential, almost manic, polarising, divorced from reality, controversial, sophomoric, unteachable, unreasonable, unclear, a troublemaker, NONSENSICAL, incoherent, cynical, and, in a description by thirds, of having a ‘more than peculiar manner’. Many of these characteristics certainly applied to Heinrich also, because they went back not least to the greedy luxury of the family and its resulting, hubristic mannerisms. Only, Heinrich was more intelligent than Fritz and he knew in particular that one can camouflage oneself much better within a certain seclusion, especially when one is in truth even more unscrupulous than his vociferous brother. Felix de Taillez’s colleague Jan Schleusener (‘The Expropriation of Fritz Thyssen’), rates Fritz Thyssen as a hero: he was, says Schleusener, ‘the only delegate of the Reichstag who raised objections to the launching of the war’, which reminds one of Thomas Rother’s equally unsuitable statement whereby Thyssen was ‘the only industrialist in Germany not to profit from Hitler’s war. According to de Taillez, it appears that Fritz Thyssen admitted one single time, towards Norman Cousins, ‘that he felt co-responsible for national socialism, because of his financial support of Hitler IN THE LATE 1920s’. But at the same time, Cousin noticed that Thyssen ‘did not mention the many crimes committed since 1933, the political murders, the destruction of the bourgeois freedoms and the persecution of the Jews as decisive motives for his break with national socialism’. As far as Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza is concerned, not a single statement at all concerning these topics has been handed down. This is to be weighed up when assessing whether the alleged heroical, anti-national socialist, anti-war stance of the Thyssens was real, or whether these were exonerations issued on behalf of ruthless war opportunists (/criminals – as they must have known Hitler’s war was to be one of annihiliation) by their sycophantic underlings to ensure their bosses would not suffer any retribution. The outstanding contribution of this book, meanwhile, is in its explanation of the utterly elitist perspective from which the Thyssens saw their role within National Socialism. So far, it is the only volume to have been reviewed, not only in academic circles, but also by a major German newspaper. 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United States, United Steelworks, universal human rights, University of the German Armed Forces, Versailles Peace Treaty, Villa Favorita, Volksgemeinschaft, Vorwärts, Vulcaan, Walther Funk, war, war against Russia, war criminal, war opportunists, weapons manufacturer, Weimar Republic, Westdeutscher Scheinwerfer, Wilhelm Koeppel, Wilhelm von Keppler, Wilhelmus Groenendijk, Winston Churchill, Wittelsbah, Workers and Soldiers Council, Zurich Posted in The Thyssen Art Macabre, Thyssen Art, Thyssen Corporate, Thyssen Family No Comments » Book Review: Thyssen in the 20th Century – Volume 4: ‘The Thyssens. Family and Fortune’, by Simone Derix, published by Schöningh Verlag, Germany, 2016 Reviewing this book is a huge aggravation to us, as so much of it has been derived from our groundbreaking work on the Thyssens, published a decade earlier, for which the author grants us not a single credit. It is surprising that Simone Derix does not have the respect for professional ethics to acknowledge our historiographic contribution; especially since she stated in a 2009 conference that non-academic works, whilst creating feelings of fear amongst academics of losing their prerogative to interpret history, are taking on increasing importance. Ms Derix herself is not the fearful type of course, though somewhat hypocritical. She appears to be preemptively obedient and committed to pleasing her presumably partisan paymasters, in the form of the Fritz Thyssen Foundation. Alas, she is clearly not the smartest person either; writing, for instance, that Heinrich Lübke, Director of the August Thyssen Bank (he died in 1962), was the same Heinrich Lübke who was President of Germany (in that position until 1969). But Ms Derix’s intellectual shortcomings are much more serious than simple factual errors, which should, in any case, have been picked up by at least one of her two associate writers, three project leaders, four academic mentors and six research assistants. She is in all seriousness trying to convince us that research into the lives of wealthy persons is a brand new branch of academia, and that she is its most illustrious, pioneering proponent. Does she not know that recorded history has traditionally been by the rich, of the rich and for the rich only? Has she forgotten that even basic reading and writing were privileges of the few until some hundred and fifty years ago? At the same time, contrary to us, Derix does not appear to have had any first hand experience of exceptionally rich people at all, particularly Thyssens. Her sponsorship, earlier in her studies, by the well-endowed Gerda Henkel Foundation, was presumably an equally ‘arm’s length’ relationship. Rich people only mix with rich people, and unless Derix got paid by the word, there is no evidence that she ever in any way qualified for serious comment on their modus operandi. What is new, of course, is that feudalism has been swept away and replaced by democratic societies, where knowledge is broadly accessible and equality before the law is paramount. Yes, her assertion that super-rich people’s archives are difficult to access is true. They only ever want you to know glorious things about them and keep the realities cloaked behind their outstanding wealth. To suggest that this series is being issued because the Thyssens have suddenly decided to engage in an exercise of honesty, generously letting official historians browse their most private documents, however, is ludicrous. The only reason why Simone Derix is revealing some controversial facts about the Thyssens is because we already revealed them. The difference is that she repackages our evidence in decidedly positive terms, so as to comply with the series’ overall damage limitation program. Thus, Derix seems to believe she can run with the fox and hunt with the hounds; a balancing act made considerably easier by her pronouncement, early on, that any considerations of ethics or morality are to be categorically excluded from her study. The fact that the Thyssens camouflaged their German companies (including those manufacturing weapons and using forced labour) behind international strawmen, with the benefit of facilitating the large-scale evasion of German taxes, is re-branded by Derix as being a misleading description ‘made from a state perspective’ and which ‘tried to establish a desired order rather than depict an already existing order’. As if ‘the state’, as we democrats understand it, is some kind of devious entity that needs fending off, rather than the collective support mechanism of all equal, law-abiding citizens. It is just one of the many statements that appears to show how much the arguably authoritarian mindset of her sponsors may have rubbed off on her. The fact that academics employed by publicly funded universities should be used thus as PR-agents for the self-serving entities that are the Fritz Thyssen Foundation, the Thyssen Industrial History Foundation and the ThyssenKrupp Konzern Archive is highly questionable by any standards, but particularly by supposedly academic ones. Especially when they claim to be independent. In Derix’s world, the Thyssens are still (!) mostly referred to as ‘victims’, ‘(tax) refugees’, ‘dispossessed’ and ‘disenfranchised’, even if she admits briefly, once or twice in 500 pages, that ‘in the long-term it seems that they were able always to secure their assets and keep them available for their own personal needs’. As far as the Thyssens’ involvement with National Socialism is concerned, she calls them ‘entangled’ in it, ‘related’ to it, being ‘present’ in it and ‘living in it’. With two or three exceptions they are never properly described as the active, profiting contributors to the existence and aims of the regime. Rather, as in volume 2 (‘Forced Labour at Thyssen’), the blame is again largely transferred to their managers. This is very convenient for the Thyssens, as the families of these men do not have the resources to finance counter-histories to clear their loved ones’ names. But for Simone Derix to say that ‘from the perspective of nation states these (Thyssen managers) had to appear to be hoodlums’ really oversteps the boundaries of fair comment. The outrageousnness of her allegation is compounded by the fact that she fails to quote evidence, as reproduced in our book, showing that allied investigators made clear reference to the Thyssens themselves being the real perpetrators and obfuscators. Yet still, Derix purports to be invoking German greatness, honour and patriotism in her quest for Thyssen gloss. She alleges bombastically that the mausoleum at Landsberg Castle in Mülheim-Kettwig ‘guarantees (the family’s) presence and attachment to the Ruhr’ and that there is an ‘indissoluble connection between the Thyssen family, their enterprises, the region and their catholic faith’. But she fails to properly range them alongside the industrialist families of Krupp, Quandt, Siemens and Bosch, preferring to surround their name hyperbolically with those of the Bismarck, Hohenzollern, Thurn und Taxis and Wittelsbach ruling dynasties. In reality, many Thyssen heirs chose to turn their backs on Germany and live transnational lives abroad. Their mausoleum is not even accessible to the general public. Contrary to what Derix implies, the iconic name that engenders such a strong feeling of allegiance in Germany is that of the public Thyssen (now ThyssenKrupp) company alone, as one of the main national employers. This has nothing whatsoever to do with any respect for the descendants of the formidable August Thyssen, most of whom are, for reason of their chosen absence, completely unknown in the country. In this context, it is indicative that Simone Derix categorises the Thyssens as ‘old money’, as well as ‘working rich people’. But while in the early 19th century Friedrich Thyssen was already a banker, it was only his sons August (75% share) and Josef (25% share), from 1871 onwards (and with the ensuing profits from the two world wars) who created through their relentless work, and that of their employees and workers, the enormous Thyssen fortune. Their equal was never seen again in subsequent Thyssen generations. Thus the Thyssens became ‘ultra-rich’ and were completely set apart from the established aristocratic-bourgeois upper class. They could hardly be called ‘old money’ and neither could their heirs, despite trying everything in their power to adopt the trappings of the aristocracy (which beggars the question why volume 6 of the series is called ‘Fritz and Heinrich Thyssen – Two bourgeois lives in the public eye’). This included marrying into the Hungarian, increasingly faux aristocracy, whereby, even Derix has to admit, by the 1920s every fifth Hungarian citizen pretended to be an aristocrat. The line of Bornemiszas, for instance, which Heinrich married into, were not the old ‘ruling dynastic line’ that Derix still pretends they were. The Thyssen-Bornemiszas came to be connected with the Dutch royals not because Heinrich’s wife Margit was such a (self-styled) ‘success’ at court, but because the Thyssens had important business interests in that country. Thus Heinrich became a banker to the Dutch royal household, as well as a personal friend of Queen Wilhelmina’s husband Prince Hendrik. The truth is: apart from such money-orientated connections, neither the German nor the English or any other European nobility welcomed these parvenus into their immediate ranks (religion too played a role, of course, as the Thyssens were and are catholics). Until, that is, social conventions had moved on enough by the 1930s and their daughters were able to marry into the truly old Hungarian dynasties of Batthyany and Zichy. But until that time, based on their outstanding wealth, this did not stop the brothers from adopting many of the domains of grandeur for themselves. Fritz Thyssen, according to Derix, even spent his time in the early 1900s importing horses from England, introducing English fox hunting to Germany and owning a pack of staghounds. He also had his servant quarters built lower down from his own in his new country seat, specifically to signal class distinction. These are indeed remarkable new revelations showing that the traditional image put out by the Thyssen organisation of bad cop German, ‘temporarily’ fascist industrialist Fritz Thyssen, good cop Hungarian ‘nobleman’ Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza is even more misleading than we always thought. Truly lamentable are Derix’s attempts to portray Fritz Thyssen as a devout, christian peacenik and centrist party member. And so are her lengthy contortions in presenting Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza as the perfectly assimilated Hungarian country squire. She does, however, report that Heinrich’s wife had stated he did not speak a word of the language, which does not stop Felix de Taillez in volume 6 writing that he did speak Hungarian. ‘If you can’t beat them, confuse them’ was Heini Thyssen’s motto. Clearly, it has also become the motto of these Thyssen-financed academics. Meanwhile, Derix’s book is the first work supported by the Thyssen organisation to confirm that Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza did retain his German (then Prussian) citizenship. She also does venture to state that his adoption of the Hungarian nationality ‘might’ have been ‘strategic’. But these gems of truthfulness are swamped under the fountains of her gushing propaganda designed to make the second generation Thyssens look better than they were. This includes her development of August Junior’s role from black sheep of the family to committed businessman. On the other hand, the author still fails to explain any business-related details on the much more important Heinrich Thyssen’s life in England at the turn of the century (cues: banking and diplomacy). How exactly did the family come to be closely acquainted with the likes of Henry Mowbray Howard (British liaison officer at the French Naval Ministry) or Guy L’Estrange Ewen (special envoy to the British royals)? A huge chance of genuine transparency was wasted here. Derix also fails to draw attention to the fact that the August Thyssen and Josef Thyssen branches of the family developed in very different ways. August’s heirs exploited, left and betrayed Germany and were decidedly ‘nouveau riche’, except for Heinrich’s son Heini Thyssen-Bornemisza and his son Georg Thyssen, who really did involve themselves in the management of their companies. By contrast, Josef’s heirs Hans and Julius Thyssen stayed in Germany (respectively were prepared to return there in the 1930s from Switzerland when foreign exchange restrictions came into force), paid their taxes, worked in the Thyssen Konzern before selling out in the 1940s, pooling their resources and adopting careers in the professions. Only the Josef Thyssen side of the family is listed in the German Manager Magazine Rich List; but for unexplained reasons Derix leaves these truly ‘working rich’ Thyssens largely unmentioned in her book. Fortunately, Derix does not concentrate all her efforts in creative fiction and plagiarisation, but manages to provide at least some substantive politico-economic facts as well. So she reveals that Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza was a member of the supervisory board of the United Steelworks of Düsseldorf until 1933, i.e. until after Adolf Hitler’s assumption of power. This, combined with her statement that ‘Heinrich seems to have orientated himself towards Berlin on a permanent basis as early as 1927/8 (from Scheveningen in The Netherlands)’ pokes a hole in one of the major Thyssen convenience legends, that of Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza having had his main residence in neutral Switzerland from 1932 onwards (i.e. conveniently from before Hitler’ assumption of power; having ‘left Germany just in time’); though this does not stop Derix from subsequently repeating that fallacy just the same (- ‘If you can’t beat them, confuse them’-). Fact is that, despite buying Villa Favorita in Lugano, Switzerland in 1932, Heinrich Thyssen continued to spend the largest amounts of his time living a hotel life in a permanent suite in Berlin and elsewhere and also kept a main residence in Holland (where Heini Thyssen grew up almost alone, except for the staff). His Ticino lawyer Roberto van Aken had to remind him in 1936 that he still had not applied for permanent residency in Switzerland. It was not until November 1937 that Heinrich Thyssen and his wife Gunhilde received their Swiss foreigner passes (see ‘The Thyssen Art Macabre’, page 116). Derix also readjusts the old Thyssen myth that Fritz Thyssen and Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza went their separate ways in business as soon as they inherited from their father, who died in 1926. We always said that the two brothers remained strongly interlinked until well into the second half of the 20th century. And hey presto, here we have Simone Derix alleging now that ‘historians so far have always assumed that the separation had been concluded by 1936’. She adds ‘despite all attempts at separating the shares of Fritz Thyssen and Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza, the fortunes of Fritz and Heinrich remained interlocked (regulated contractually) well into the time after the second world war’. But it is her next sentence that most infuriates: ‘Obviously it was very difficult for outsiders to recognise this connection’. The truth of the matter is that the situation was opaque because the Thyssens and their organisation went to extraordinary lengths and did everything in their power to obfuscate matters, particularly as it meant hiding Fritz Thyssen’s and Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza’s joint involvement in supporting the Nazi regime. Amongst the Thyssens’ many advisors, the author introduces Dutchman Hendrik J Kouwenhoven as the main connecting link between the brothers, who ‘opened up opportunities and thought up financial instruments’. He worked from 1914 at the family’s Handels en Transport Maatschappij Vulcaan and then at their Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart (BVHS) in Rotterdam from its official inception in 1918 to his sacking by Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza during the second world war. The asset management or trust company of BVHS was called Rotterdamsch Trustees Kantoor (RTK), which Derix describes as ‘repository for the finance capital of the Thyssen enterprises, as well as for the Thyssens’ private funds’. She does not say when it was created. ‘Its offices and all the important papers that Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza had lodged (at RTK) were all destroyed in a German aerial bombardment of Rotterdam on 14.05.1940’, according to Derix. To us this sounds like a highly suspicious piece of information. Of the files of BVHS she curtly says that ‘a complete set of source materials is not available’. How convenient, especially since no-one outside the Thyssen organisation will ever be able to verify this claim truly independently; or at least until the protective mantle of Professor Manfred Rasch, head of the ThyssenKrupp Konzern Archive, retires. Derix alludes to ‘the early internationalisation of the Thyssen Konzern from 1900’, ascribing her knowledge of its bases in raw material purchases and the implementation of a Thyssen-owned trading and transport network to Jörg Lesczenski, who published two years after us (and whose work, like that of Derix herself, was backed by the Fritz Thyssen Foundation). But she leaves cross-references aside concerning the first tax havens (including that of The Netherlands) which were set up in the outgoing 19th century, conveniently referring this area to ‘research that should be carried out in the future’. Derix names the 1906 Transportkontor Vulkan GmbH Duisburg-Hamborn with its Rotterdam branch (see above) and the 1913 Deutsch-Überseeische Handelsgesellschaft der Thyssenschen Werke mbH of Buenos Aires (by the way: to this day ThyssenKrupp AG is a major trader in raw materials). She also states that American loans to the Thyssen Konzern started in 1919 via the ‘Vulcaan Coal Company’ (failing to mention that this company was based in London). According to Derix, August Thyssen began transferring his shares in the Thyssen companies to his sons Fritz and Heinrich in 1919, first those of Thyssen & Co. and from 1921 onwards those of the August Thyssen smelting works. She then adds that existing Thyssen institutions outside of Germany were used in order to carry out this transfer. From 1920 onwards, Fritz Thyssen began to buy real estate in Argentina. Meanwhile, the Thyssens’ Union Banking Corporation (UBC), founded in 1924 in the Harriman Building on New York’s Broadway, is described solely in the language of the ‘transnational dimension of the Thyssens’ financial network’ and as being ‘the American branch of the Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart’. We had already detailed in our book how Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza, via Hendrik Kouwenhoven, set up in Switzerland the Kaszony Family Foundation in 1926 to lodge his inherited participations and the Rohoncz Collection Foundation in 1931 to place art works he bought as easily movable capital investments from 1928 onwards. Now Derix writes that the Rohoncz Foundation too was founded in 1926. This is astonishing, since it means that this entity was set up a whole two years prior to Heinrich Thyssen buying the first painting to find its way into what he called the ‘Rohoncz Castle Collection’ (despite the fact that none of the pictures ever went anywhere near his Hungarian, then Austrian castle, in which he had stopped living in 1919). The timing of the creation of this offshore instrument just proves how contrived Heinrich’s reinvention as a ‘fine art connaisseur and collector’ really was. Derix even freely admits that these Thyssen family foundations were ‘antagonists of states and governments’. However, just like Johannes Gramlich in volume 3 (‘The Thyssens as Art Collectors’), she too leaves the logistics of the transfer of some 500 paintings by Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza into Switzerland in the 1930s completely unmentioned, including the fact that this represented a method of massive capital flight out of Germany. The associated topics of tax evasion and tax avoidance stay completely off her academic radar; ignoring our documented proof. In another bold rewriting of official Thyssen history the author states that the Thyssen brothers frequently acted in parallel in their financial affairs. And so it was that the Pelzer Foundation and Faminta AG came to be created , by Kouwenhoven, in Switzerland, on behalf of Fritz Thyssen and his immediate family. (Derix is hazy about exact dates. We published: 1929 for Faminta AG and the late 1930s for the Pelzer Foundation). Derix points out that these two instruments also allowed secret transactions between the Thyssen brothers. She adds enigmatically that ‘Faminta protected the foreign assets of the August Thyssen smelting works from a possible confiscation by the German authorities’, whilst withholding any reference to a time scale of when such a confiscation might have been on the cards (is she suggesting a possibility prior to Fritz Thyssen’s flight in September 1939, i.e. anytime during the period 1929-1939?). At the same time, in the 1920s, Fritz and Amelie Thyssen established a firm base in the south of the German Reich, namely in Bavaria – far away from the Thyssen heartland of the Ruhr – which Derix brands as a fact which has ‘so far been almost completely ignored by historians’. Of course, not only was this most royalist of German states close to Switzerland, but it was also, at that time, the cradle of the Nazi movement. Adolf Hitler also much preferred Munich to Berlin. All the family’s financial instruments, meanwhile, continued to be administrated by Rotterdamsch Trustees Kantoor in The Netherlands. ‘These new Thyssen banks, companies, holdings and foundations created since the 1920s were connected to the Thyssen industrial enterprises (in Germany) through participations’, Derix continues. These enterprises etc. were also supportive of the rising Nazi movement of course, such as when their Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart around 1930 demonstrably made a loan of some 350,000 RM to the Nazi party, at a time when both Fritz Thyssen and Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza had controlling interests in BVHS. According to Derix, it was starting in 1930 that Heinrich Thyssen sold his shares in the United Steelworks to Fritz while Fritz sold his Dutch participations to Heinrich and as a result Heinrich Thyssen alone was in control of the Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart from 1936 onwards. Specifically, it was a Thyssen entity called Holland-American Investment Corporation (HAIC) which facilitated Fritz Thyssen’s capital flight from Germany. According to Derix, ‘(in the autumn of 1933, the Pelzer Foundation acquired) shares in HAIC from Fritz and therefore his Dutch participations which were pooled therein. This was done in agreement with the German authorities who knew of HAIC. But in 1940, the Germans found out that there was a considerable discrepancy between the 1,5 million Reichsmark of Dutch participations held in HAIC as had been stated and the actual, true value, which turned out to be 100 to 130 million RM.’ This is staggering, as the modern day equivalent is many hundreds of millions of Euros! Considering that Heinrich’s wife stated that he had taken some 200 million Swiss Francs of his assets into neutral countries, this would mean that, together, the Thyssen brothers possibly succeeded in extracting from Germany the cash equivalent of close to the complete monetary value of the Thyssen enterprises! This is not, however, a conclusion drawn by Simone Derix. One begins to wonder what there was actually left to confiscate from Fritz Thyssen once he fled Germany at the onset of war in 1939. Derix admits that his flight happened not least because he preferred to complete his self-interested financial transactions from the safety of Switzerland, with the help of Heinrich Blass at Credit Suisse in Zurich. Although we had managed to unearth several leads, we did not know that the real overall extent of the Thyssen brothers’ capital flight was quite this drastic. For Simone Derix to point this out on behalf of the Thyssen organisation is significant; even if she fails to draw any appropriate conclusions, as they would most likely be at odds with her blue-sky remit. Truly, and in the words of the far more experienced Harald Wixforth no less: for these ‘mega-capitalist(s) (…) the profit of their enterprises (i.e. their own) always assumed far greater priority than the public’s welfare’. Needless to say that we await Harald Wixforth’s and Boris Gehlen’s volumes on the Thyssen Bornemisza Group 1919-1932, respectively 1932-1947 with great interest. In this readjusted official light, Derix’s admission that Fritz and Amelie Thyssen’s ‘expropriation’ in late 1939 ‘did not directly result in any curtailment of their way of life’ no longer comes as any surprise. The author also finally reveals for the first time official departure details of Fritz Thyssen’s daughter Anita, her husband Gabor and their son Federico Zichy to Argentina. Apparently they travelled from Genua, sailing on 17.02.1940 on board the ship Conte Grande, bound for Buenos Aires. In order to provide her with befitting financial support, shares in Faminta AG had been transferred to the Übersee-Trust of Vaduz shortly beforehand, of which Anita Zichy-Thyssen, a Hungarian national, was the sole beneficiary. Derix then states that by April 1940, Fritz Thyssen ‘used his political knowledge on the German Reich and the German armaments industry as an asset that he could use in exchange for support for his personal wishes’. But what exactly were those wishes? The hubristically delusional Fritz obviously thought he could get rid of Hitler as easily as he had helped him get into power. For this, he was prepared to share German state secrets with French Foreign Minister Alexis Leger and Armament Minister Raoul Dautry in Paris. But for Derix, rather than being anything as contentious as active treason or an expression of power, his behaviour is nothing more than an ultra-rich man’s legitimate right to express his elevated lifestyle choices. While all previous Thyssen biographers, apart from us, have purported that Fritz and Amelie Thyssen suffered tremendous ‘excrutiations’ during their time in concentration camps, Derix confirms our information that they spent most of their German captivity in the comfortable, private sanatorium of Dr Sinn in Berlin-Neubabelsberg. She writes that they were kept there ‘on Hitler’s personal orders’ and ‘on trust’, though Fritz and Heinrich’s personal friend Hermann Göring, during his post-war allied interrogations, stated that their privileged treatment had been down to his initiative. After Neubabelsberg, they were taken to different concentration camps, but Derix is now forced to admit that they enjoyed ‘a special status’ which is retraceable ‘for each and every location’. Which makes one wonder, why German historians previously felt the need to misrepresent these facts. Derix’s list of Fritz Thyssen’s allied, post-war interrogations is particularly noteworthy. It illustrates the seriousness in which he was considered to have been guilty of (albeit blue collar) war crimes, which should have been punishable by incarceration: In July 1945 he was taken to Schloss Kransberg near Bad Nauheim, namely to the so-called ‘US/UK Dustbin Centre for scientists and industrialists’. In August, he went on to Kornwestheim before being taken, in September, to the 7th Army Interrogation Center in Augsburg. Derix also vagely asserts that Fritz Thyssen was interrogated at some point ‘in 1945’ by Robert Kempner, chief prosecutor of the Nuremberg trials. Thyssen suffered a collapse and had to go into medical care. He was taken to the US prisoners’ camp of Seckenheim, then to Oberursel. His health deteriorated. From April to November 1946 he went through various hospitals and convalescent homes between Königstein (where he made a surprise recovery) and Oberursel. From November 1946 onwards, he was at the Nuremberg follow-up trials as a witness (one presumes in the cases of Alfried Krupp and Friedrich Flick amongst others), while receiving continuous hospital treatment in Fürth. On 15.01.1947 Fritz Thyssen was released to join his wife Amelie in Bad Wiessee. This was followed by his German denazification proceedings in Königstein, where he and Amelie lived at the sanatorium of Dr Amelung. In that court, as befitting his insincere character, Fritz Thyssen described himself as penniless. Meanwhile, according to Derix, Anita Zichy-Thyssen made contact with Edmund Stinnes, who lived in the US and his brother-in-law Gero von Schulze-Gaevernitz, a close collaborator of US-secret service chief Allen Dulles. In the spring of 1947, ‘hoping to facilitate exit permits for her parents to go to America’, she met former US-senator Burton K Wheeler in Argentina, who travelled to Germany in 1948 ‘in order to help Fritz Thyssen out of his denazification problems’. It is certainly an aspect of high-level influence which we documented even more intensively, but which, astonishingly, Johannes Bähr in volume 5 (‘Thyssen in the Adenauer Period’) of the series has totally rejected. Another Thyssen who should have had problems with his denazification, but didn’t, was Heinrich’s son Stephan Thyssen-Bornemisza. While his brother Heini Thyssen went to the German school in The Hague, Stephan had boarded at the Lyceum Alpinum in Zuoz, Switzerland, where most pupils were from German speaking Switzerland, The Netherlands and the German Reich, respectively were Germans living abroad. Consequently, the school ran three houses named ‘Teutonia’, ‘Orania’ and ‘Helvetia’. After studying chemistry in Zurich and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he became an assistant at a research laboratory of the Shell Petroleum Company in St Louis. He then wrote his dissertation at Budapest University and began working in natural resources deposit research. Since 1932, whilst living in Hanover, Stephan worked for Seismos GmbH, a prospecting company founded in 1921 by Deutsch-Lux, Phoenix, Hoesch, Rheinstahl and Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks AG. Derix writes: ‘From 1927 Gelsenkirchener, which belonged to the United Steelworks founded in 1926, was the main shareholder, holding 50% of the shares. This means Seismos came under Fritz Thyssen’s part of the family inheritance. (…) In the 1920s, prospecting groups of Seismos worked for oil companies such as Royal Dutch Shell or Roxana Petroleum in Texas, Louisiana and Mexico, looking for Oil. (…) Its radius then extended to the Near East, South-Eastern Europe and England’. In 1937, Seismos was bought for 1.5 million RM by Heinrich Thyssen and incorporated into his Thyssensche Gas- and Waterworks. During the war, according to Derix, the company was ‘involved in the exploitation of raw materials in the (Nazi) occupied territories (…) During their withdrawal from the Eastern Ukraine during the 1943 tank battle of Kursk they had to leave behind much equipment’. So, of no little importance for a company which so far, in Thyssen-backed histories, had been portrayed, if at all, as being of little consequence. And not for the secretive Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza either, whose son Heini Thyssen shortly after the war would get his Swiss lawyer Roberto van Aken to lie to the US visa application department thus: ‘From the advent of the Nazis’ rise to power, and particularly from 1938 onwards, Dr Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza’s (…) corporations were directed with the definitive purpose of minimising the Nazi armament efforts’ (The Thyssen Art Macabre, page 207). It is, if anything, in that same obfuscating spirit that Derix still conceals the fact that the Seismos company moved its headquarters from Hanover to the Harz mountains during the war, where the Nazis’ weapons of mass destruction program (V-rockets) would come to be based. Derix reveals that Stephan Thyssen-Bornemisza was a member of the Nazi Aircorps and confirms he was a contributing member of the SS. Nazi officials apparently declared Stephan Thyssen’s political stance to be ‘beyond all doubt’. But Derix cannot bring herself to even mention, let alone detail his additional involvement with another company, namely Maschinen- und Apparatebau AG (MABAG) of Nordhausen, also in the Harz. We had already established that Stephan Thyssen had become chairman of the supervisory board of MABAG in the early years of the war. This company, in conjunction with IG Farben, ‘had built a vast network of caves and tunnels in the Kohnstein mountain near Nordhausen equipped with tanks and pumps (…). From Februar 1942, Armaments and Munitions Minister Albert Speer recommended all possible support for the development of rockets. This represented massively ambitious armaments manufacturing plans and a great deal more work for MABAG, who, under the control of the Wehrmacht, were now also producing turbo fuel pumps for V-rockets’ (The Thyssen Art Macabre, page 160). We had speculated that Stephan’s position of chairman of MABAG must have been due to a major investment made by his father Heinrich. While Simone Derix entirely fails to address any aspects of this topic, the lawyer and historian Frank Baranowski has unearthed a highly important document and explains on his website: ‘In 1940, the Deutsche Petroleum Konzern, following a change in their management, divested itself of all its works which did not fit into their framework of petroleum and coal extraction, including MABAG. Deutsche Bank negotiated the transfer of the share capital of 1 million Reichsmark into various hands. The majority was acquired by the solicitor and notary Paul Langkopf of Hanover (590,000 RM), which was most likely done on the orders of a client who wished to remain anonymous. Smaller share parcels were held by the Deutsche Bank in Leipzig (158,000 RM) and in Nordhausen (14,000 RM) as well as by Stephan Thyssen-Bornemisza in Hanover (50,000 RM). On 14.09.1940 MABAG elected its new supervisory board: Director Schirner, Paul Langkopf, Stephan Thyssen-Bornemisza and the Leipzig bank director Gustav Köllmann. (MABAG came to see itself as a company entirely geared to the production of armaments, …..including grenades, grenade launchers …….and turbo pumps for the A4-rockets)’. It just so happens that Paul Langkopf was a professional whose services had been engaged by various members of the Thyssen family over the years. It can be presumed with near certainty that the ‘anonymous’ shareholder was Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza. The secrecy of the transaction fits his style completely. And while Baranowski’s and our views on the use of forced labour by MABAG differ, his evidence is another indication towards the fact that Heinrich was definitely 100% pro-Nazi during the war, even while he was apparently retiring from the world, far away in his Swiss safehaven, pretending to have nothing to do with anything. The great Simone Derix, meanwhile, prefers to concentrate on relatively trivial revelations such as the fact that Stephan’s mother Margit also lived in Switzerland with her second husband, the ‘germanophile’, ‘antisemitic’ Janos Wettstein von Westersheimb, who lost his job at the Hungarian embassy in Berne when the war turned in 1943. Apparently, she lobbied ‘for Stephan to be allowed out of Germany (after the war) via Heinrich Rothmund, who during the war had been responsible in large parts for the anti-Jewish asylum policies of Switzerland’. Finally Simone Derix covers two other important topics in her book – as did we, albeit to a different degree -; namely: 1.) The Thyssens’ pre-war London gold deposits and their fate during, respectively after the war and 2.) the removal of the Thyssens’ and Dutch royals’ share certificates from the Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart in Rotterdam to the August Thyssen Bank in Berlin during the war, and their return to Rotterdam after the war, through an illegal act by a Dutch Military Mission, code named ‘Operation Juliana’. We will analyse the coverage of those topics more adequately in our reviews of Jan Schleusener’s, Harald Wixforth’s and Boris Gehlen’s forthcoming volumes. In both matters, members and associates of the Thyssen family played questionable roles, using their high-level (diplomatic and other) positions, to help the Thyssens play off one host nation against another, in their pursuit of limitless personal advantage. Simone Derix only takes her critical analysis as far as to say that these interferences allowed smaller states such as The Netherlands or Switzerland to pressurise victorious powers of the second world war in order to safeguard their own national interests in the Thyssens’ fortune. While our book has been called a possible ‘handbook for revolution’, Derix describes hers as ‘a model showing the way concerning the central, investigative strands for a history of the infrastructures of wealth’. She evokes the driving forces of ‘jealousy’ à la Ralf Dahrendorf, by the general public towards the super-rich, while ignoring the concept of ‘anger’ at their selfish sense of perennial legal immunity, as described by many such as Tom Wohlfahrt. Simone Derix’s writing style is very clear and during her book presentation at the Historisches Kolleg in Munich, the suave voice of the specially engaged Bavarian Radio reader made the passages sound like high literature, marinated in integrity. However, this academic, who was introduced to the audience by Professor Margit Szöllösi-Janze as ‘elite researcher’, definitely arrogates to herself a greater authority in broadcasting historical judgements than she is currently entitled to. At the subsequent podium conversation with the historian and journalist Dr Joachim Käppner of the Süddeutsche Zeitung, Derix rejected the concepts of power and of guilt unequivocally on behalf of the Thyssen family. In doing so, however, she had to be coaxed by Käppner repeatedly to focus her extremely hesitant flow of answers, which gave every impression, nevertheless, of having been pre-agreed. Let’s hope Simone Derix does not remain the only contributor of the series to formulate answers to these important questions – But with more honesty, hopefully, if not greater independence from the questionable role of the Fritz Thyssen Foundation. Fritz Thyssen and Hermann Göring in Essen, copyright Stiftung Ruhr Museum Essen, Fotoarchiv Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza and Hermann Göring at the German Derby, 1936, copyright Archive David R L Litchfield Batthyany-Clan, ca. 1930s, third from left Ivan Batthyany, husband of Margit Thyssen-Bornemisza, copyright Archive David R L Litchfield Hendrik J. Kouwenhoven, general representative of Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza, copyright Stadsarchief Rotterdam Three Thyssen brothers in harmony: from left Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza, August Thyssen Junior, Fritz Thyssen, Villa Favorita, Lugano, September 1938, copyright Archive David R L Litchfield Stephan Thyssen-Bornemisza with his wife Ingeborg, Hanover, ca. 1940s (Foto Alice Prestel-Hofmann, Hanover), copyright Archive David R L Litchfield Thyssen Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart Rotterdam, Year End Report 1929, copyright Archive David R L Litchfield Thyssen Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart Rotterdam, Supervisory Board and Management Board 1929, copyright Archive David R L Litchfield Thyssen Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart Rotterdam, Bank Counters, copyright Archive David R L Litchfield Thyssen Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart Rotterdam, 1929, Reception Room, copyright Archive David R L Litchfield Thyssen Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart Rotterdam, 1929, Steel Vaults, copyright Archive David R L Litchfield Tags: "Operation Juliana", 7th Army Interrogation Centre, A4-rockets, Adolf Hitler, advisors, aerial bombardment, Albert Speer, Alexis Leger, Alfried Krupp, Allen Dulles, allied interrogations, allied investigators, Amelie Thyssen, American loans, anger, Anita Zichy-Thyssen, antagonists of states, anti-Jewish asylumc policies, antisemitic, Argentina, Armament Minister, art works, asset management, August Thyssen, August Thyssen Bank, August Thyssen smelting works, Bad Nauheim, Bad Wiessee, Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart, banking, Batthyany, Bavaria, Bavarian Radio, beneficiary, Berlin, Berne, Bismarck, Boris Gehlen, Bornemiszas, Bosch, Broadway, Budapest University, Buenos Aires, capital flight, capital investments, catholics, centrist party, class distinction, concentration camps, confisation, Conte Grande, contributing member of the SS, country seat, Credit Suisse, denazification problems, denazification proceedings, deposit research, Deutsch-Lux, Deutsch-Überseeische Handelsgesellschaft der Thyssenschen Werke mbH, Deutsche Bank, Deutsche Petroleum Konzern, diplomacy, Dr Amelung, Dr Joachim Käppner, Duisburg-Hamborn, Düsseldorf, Dustbin Centre for scientists and industrialists, Dutch Military Mission, Dutch participations, early internationalisation, Edmund Stinnes, England, envy, established aristocratic-bourgeois upper class, ethics, exploitation of raw materials, expropriation, Faminta AG, fascist, faux aristocracy, Federico Zichy, Felix de Taillez, finance capital, fine art, Forced Labour, Forced Labour at Thyssen, foreign assets of the August Thyssen smelting works, foreign exchane restrictions, fox hunting, Frank Baranowski, French Foreign Minister, French Naval Ministry, Friedrich Flick, Friedrich Thyssen, Fritz and Heinrich Thyssen - Two bourgeois lives in the public eye, Fritz Thyssen, Fritz Thyssen Foundation, Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks AG, Genoa, Georg Thyssen, Gerda Henkel Foundation, German armaments industry, German historians, German Manager Magazine, German state secrets, Germans living abroad, Germany, Gero von Schulze-Gaevernitz, grenade launchers, grenades, Gustav Köllmann, Guy L'Estrange Ewen, Handels en Transport Maatschappij Vulcaan, Harald Wixforth, Harriman Building, Harz mountains, Heini Thyssen, Heinrich Blass, Heinrich Lübke, Heinrich Rothmund, Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza, Helvetia, Hendrik J. Kouwenhoven, Henry Mowbray Howard, Hermann Göring, Historisches Kolleg, Hoesch, Hohenzollern, holdings, Holland American Investment Corporation, Hungarian citizen, Hungarian embassy, Hungarian nationality, IG Farben, Jan Schleusener, Janos Wettstein von Westersheimb, Johannes Bähr, Johannes Gramlich, Jörg Lesczenski, Josef Thyssen, Julius Thyssen, Kaszony Family Foundation, Kohnstein, Königstein, Kornwestheim, Krupp, Landsberg Castle, Leipzig, lifestyle, London, Louisiana, Lugano, Lyceum Alpinum, MABAG, Management, managers, Maschinen- und Apparatebau AG, Massachussetts Institute of Technology, Mausoleum, Mexico, morality, Mülheim-Kettwig, Munich, nation states, national socialism, natural resources, Nazi Aircorps, Nazi occupied territories, Nazi regime, Near East, Neubabelsberg, New York, Nordhausen, nouveau riche, Nuremberg Trials, Oberursel, offshore-Instrument, Orania, oustanding wealth, Paris, participations, Paul Langkopf, Pelzer Foundation, permanent residency, perpetrators, petroleum and coal extraction, Phoenix, plagiarisation, post-war interrogations, pre-war London gold deposits, production of armaments, Professor Manfred Rasch, Professor Margit Szöllösi-Janze, propaganda, public welfare, Quandt, Queen Wilhelmina, Ralf Dahrendorf, Raoul Dautry, raw material purchases, real estate in Argentina, refugees, Reichsmark, Rheinstahl, Robert Kempner, Roberto van Aken, Rohoncz Castle Collection, Rohoncz Collection Foundation, Rotterdam, Rotterdamsch Trustees Kantoor, Roxana Petroleum, Royal Dutch Shell, royalist, Ruhr, Sanatorium, Scheveningen, Schloss Kransberg, Second World War, secrecy, Seismos GmbH, Shell Petroleum Company, Siemens, Simone Derix, St. Louis, Stephan Thyssen-Bornemisza, Süddeutsche Zeitung, Swiss foreigner passes, Switzerland, tank battle of Kursk, tax avoidance, tax evasion, tax haven, taxes, Teutonia, Texas, The Hague, the Netherlands, The Thyssen Art Macabre, The Thyssens as Art Collectors, Thurn und Taxis, Thyssen & Co, Thyssen biographers, Thyssen Bornemisza Group, Thyssen enterprises, Thyssen Family, Thyssen family foundations, Thyssen fortune, Thyssen in the Adenauer Period, Thyssen Industrial History Foundation, Thyssen institutions outside of Germany, Thyssen Konzern, Thyssen-owned trading and transport network, ThyssenKonzern, ThyssenKrupp AG, ThyssenKrupp Konzern Archive, Thyssens' financial network, Thyssensche Gas- und Wasserwerke, Ticino, Tom Wohlfahrt, transnational lives, transparency, Transportkontor Vulkan GmbH, treason, trust company, turbo fuel pumps, Übersee-Trust Vaduz, ultra-rich, Union Banking Corporation, United Steelworks, US prisoners' camp of Seckenheim, US visa application department, US-secret service chief, US-senator Burton K. Wheeler, V-rockets, victims, Villa Favorita, Vulcaan Coal Company, war, war crimes, weapons, weapons of mass destruction, Wittelsbach, Zichy, Zuoz, Zurich Book Review: Thyssen in the 20th Century – Volume 3: “The Thyssens as Art Collectors. Investment and Symbolic Capital (1900-1970)”, by Johannes Gramlich, published by Schöningh Verlag, Germany, 2015 After the ducking and diving and profiteering from other peoples’ death and misery, we will now be looking at the „shinier“ side of the medal, which is the so-called „artistic effort“ alleged to have been made by the Thyssen family. This had more to do with capital flight, the circumvention of foreign exchange controls and the avoidance of paying tax (art collections being described by Gramlich as „a valid means of decreasing tax duties as they are difficult to control“), short-term speculation, capital protection and profit maximisation than it did with any serious appreciation, let alone creation, of art. Significantly, not a single review of this third book in the series „Thyssen in the 20th Century: The Thyssens as Art Collectors“, which once again constitutes nothing more than the shortened version (at 400 pages!) of a doctoral thesis – this time at the University of Munich – has been posted. Not a single suggestion that this student of history, german and music might not know what he is talking about, since he does not seem to have any previous knowledge of art history or obvious personal talents in the visual arts. Or about the fact that way too much of the art bought by the Thyssens was rubbish. Or that the Thyssens pretended to be Hungarian when they wanted something from Hungary, Swiss when they wanted something from Switzerland, or Dutch when they wanted something from the Netherlands. In fact if there is one overall message this book appears to propagate it is this: that it is the ultimate achievement to cheat persistently, and as long as you are rich and powerful and immoral enough to continue cheating and myth-making all through your life, you will be just fine. Not least because you can then leave enough money in an endowment to continue to facilitate the burnishing of your reputation, so that the myth-making can continue on your behalf, posthumously. And if by any chance you can take advantage of another person’s distress along the way, so much the better – as Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza is said to have done from the Jewish collections of Herbert Gutmann and Max Alsberg and Fritz Thyssen from those of Julius Kien and Maximilian von Goldschmidt-Rothschild. But: does anybody find this message acceptable?! Mysteriously, this book also contains some very derogatory descriptions of the Thyssens’ true characters. Fritz Thyssen is described (in a quote by Christian Nebenhay) as „not very impressive“ and „meaningless“. His brother Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza is said to have been „difficult“, „unpleasant“, „avaricious“, „not always straight in his payment behaviour“ and somebody who „could not find the understanding for needs and aspirations of people who were in a relationship of dependency from him“. Amelie Thyssen is said to have tried to get the historical record bent very seriously as far her husband’s alleged distancing from Nazism was concerned and to have lied about the date of art purchases to avoid the payment of tax. Fortunately, we did not know any of these second-generation Thyssens personally. But we did know Heini Thyssen, the last directly descended male Thyssen heir, and very well at that. Over the period of some 25 years (Litchfield more than Schmitz) we were lucky enough to be able to spend altogether many months in his company. We both liked and miss him greatly. He was a delightful man with a great sense of humour and sparkling intelligence. What was most astonishing about him, considering his family’s general sense of superiority, was his total lack of arrogance. Heini Thyssen described the art business to us as „the dirtiest business in the world“. He knew of the secret-mongering of dealers, the hyperboles of auction houses and the dishonesties of experts. It was a choppy sea that he navigated with just the right combination of caution and bravado to be successful. But of course, he also used the art business outrageously in order to invent a new image for himself. The reason why, contrary to his father and uncle, he was extremely successful in this endeavour, was precisely because he was such a likeable man. But this did not make Heini Thyssen a moral man. He continued to cheat about his nationality, the source and extent of his fortune, his responsibilities and his loyalties just as his father, uncle and aunt (and to some extent his grand-father) had done before him. And now, this series of books continues to perpetuate the very same old myths which have always been necessary to cover the tracks of these robber barons for as long as the modern-day German nation state has existed. The size and claimed value of the Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection also persuaded many members of the international art community and of the general public to accept this duplicity. The all important Thyssen-owned dutch Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart, for instance, is repeatedly said to have been founded in 1918, when the real date is most likely to have been 1910. This is important because the bank was the primary offshore tool used by the Thyssens to camouflage their German assets and protect their concern and fortune from allied retribution after the first lost war. But the information is precarious because it also implies a massive disloyalty of the Thyssens towards Germany, the country that was, is and always will be the sole original source of their fortune. And again Heinrich and Heini Thyssen are said to have been Hungarian nationals, presumably because it is meant to excuse why, despite supporting the Nazi war machine that made possible some of the worst atrocities in human history, the Thyssen-Bornemiszas entirely avoided allied retribution after the second lost war also. In reality, Heinrich Thyssen’s Hungarian nationality was highly questionable, for several reasons: because it was originally „bought“, was not maintained through regular visits to the abandoned country, extension papers were issued by Thyssen-sponsored friends and relatives in diplomatic positions and because Heinrich actually maintained his German nationality. In Heini’s case, his status depended entirely on the fact that his mother’s second husband worked at the Hungarian embassy in Berne and procured him the necessary identity papers (a fact that will be plagiarised from our work by „Junior Research Group Leader“ Simone Derix in her forthcoming book on the Thyssens’ fortune and identity, which is based on her habilitation thesis (!) and as such already available – Strangely, despite being volume 4 in the series, her book is now said to be published only following volume 5). To call those Hungarian nationalities legitimate is plainly wrong. And it matters greatly. When Philip Hendy at the London National Gallery put on an exhibition of paintings from Heini Thyssen’s collection in 1961, Heini apparently told Hendy he could not possibly be showing during the same year as Emil Bührle, because “As you know Bührle was a real German armament king who became Swiss, so it would be very bad for me to get linked up with German armament“. But this was not, as this book makes it sound, because Heini Thyssen did not have anything to do with German armament himself, but precisely because he did! Since this partial source of the Thyssen wealth has now been admitted by both Alexander Donges and Thomas Urban, it is highly questionable that Johannes Gramlich fails to acknowledge this adequately in his work. Then there are new acknowledgments such as the fact that August Thyssen and Auguste Rodin did not have a close friendship as described in all relevant books so far, but that their relationship was terrible, because of monetary squabbles, artistic incomprehension and public relations opportunism. The only problem with this admission is that, once again, we were the first to establish this reality. Now this book is committing shameless plagiarism on our investigative effort and, under the veil of disallowing us as not pertaining to the „academic“ circle, is claiming the „academic merit“ of being the first to reveal this information for itself. Another one of our revelations, which is being confirmed in this book, is that the 1930 Munich exhibition of Heinrich’s collection was a disaster, because so many of the works shown were discovered to be fraudulent. Luitpold Dussler in the Bayerischer Kurier and Kunstwart art magazine; Wilhelm Pinder at the Munich Art Historical Society; Rudolf Berliner; Leo Planiscig; Armand Lowengard at Duveen Brothers and Hans Tietze all made very derogatory assessments of the Baron’s collection as „expensive hobby“, „with obviously wrong attributions“, containing „over 100 forgeries, falsified paintings and impossible artist names“, where „the Baron could throw away half the objects“, „400 paintings none of which you should buy today“, „backward looking collection“, „off-putting designations“, „misleading“, „rubbish“, etc. etc. etc. The Baron retaliated by getting the „right-wing press“ (!) in particular to write positive articles about his so-called artistic endeavours, patriotic deed and philanthropic largesse, an altruistic attitude which was not based on fact but solely on Thyssen-financed public relations inputs. The book almost completely leaves out Heini Thyssen’s art activities which is puzzling since he was by far the most important collector within the dynasty. Instead, a lot of information is relayed which has nothing whatsoever to do with art, such as the fact that Fritz Thyssen bought Schloss Puchhof estate and that it was run by Willi Grünberg. In the words of Gramlich: „Fritz Thyssen advised (Grünberg) to get the maximum out of the farm without consideration for sustainability. As a consequence the land was totally depleted afterwards. The denazification court however came to the conclusion that these methods of exhaustive cultivation were due mainly to the manager who was doing it to get more profit for himself“. Apparently Grünberg also abused at least 100 POWs there during the war but, after a short period of post-war examination, was reinstated as estate manager by Fritz Thyssen. This gives an indication not only of the failings of the denazification proceedings, but also of Thyssen’s concepts of human rights and the non-applicability of general laws to people of his standing. One is also left wondering why Fritz Thyssen would be said to have bought the biggest estate in Bavaria in 1938, for an over-priced 2 million RM, specifically for his daughter Anita Zichy-Thyssen and son-in-law Gabor Zichy to live in, when Heini Thyssen and his cousin Barbara Stengel told us very specifically that the Zichy-Thyssens, with the help of Hermann Göring, for whom Anita had worked as his personal secretary, left Germany to live in Argentina in 1938, being transported there aboard a German naval vessel. After repeating the old myth that Anita’s family was with her parents when they fled Germany on the eve of World War Two, this book now makes the additional „revelation“ that Anita and her family arrived in Argentina in February 1940, without, however, explaining where they might have been in the meantime, while Fritz and Amelie Thyssen were taken back to Germany by the Gestapo. Of course February 1940 is also the date when Fritz and Amelie, of whom Anita would inherit, were stripped of their German citizenship, a fact that was to become crucial in them being able to regain their German assets after the war. The defensive attitude of this book is also revealed when Eduard von der Heydt, another Nazi banker, war profiteer and close art investment advisor to the Thyssens, is said to be „still deeply rooted and present in (the Ruhr) in positive connotations, despite all protest and difficulties“. This has to refer not least to the fact – but for some reason does not spell it out – that some Germans, mindful of his role as a Nazi banker, have managed to get the name of the cultural prize of the town of Wuppertal-Elberfeld, where the von der Heydt Museum stands, changed from Eduard von der Heydt Prize to Von der Heydt Prize. Clearly because Willi Grünberg was but a foot soldier and Eduard von der Heydt a wealthy cosmopolitan, Grünberg gets the bad press while von der Heydt receives the diplomatic treatment, in the same way as book 2 of the series (on forced labour) blames managers and foremen and practically exonerates the Thyssens. It is a distorting way of working through Nazi history which should no longer be happening. Meanwhile, Johannes Gramlich is allowed to reveal that in view of revolutionary turmoils in Germany in 1931, Fritz Thyssen sent his collection to Switzerland only for it to be brought back to Germany in the summer of 1933 – as if a stronger indication could possibly be had for his deep satisfaction with Hitler’s ascent to power. In the same period, Heinrich, after his disastrous 1930 Munich exhibition, teased the Düsseldorf Museum with a „non-committal prospect“ to loan them his collection for a number of years. It is also said that he planned to build an „August Thyssen House“ in Düsseldorf to house his collection permanently. Considering the time and huge effort Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza spent during his entire life and beyond on not being considered a German, it is strange that Johannes Gramlich does not qualify this venture as being either a fake plan or proof of Heinrich’s hidden teutonic loyalties. In view of the dismal quality of Heinrich’s art there was of course no real collection worth being shown at the Düsseldorf Museum at all, which did not, however, stop its Director Dr Karl Koetschau from lobbying for it for years. He was disappointed at Heinrich’s behaviour of stringing them along, which is an episode that leaves even Gramlich to concede: „(the Baron) accepted all benefits and gave nothing in return“. While the „Schloss Rohoncz Collection“ is said to have arrived at his private residence in Lugano from 1934, this book still fails to inform us of the precise timing and logistics of the transfer (some 500 paintings), a grave omission for which there is no excuse. It is also worth remembering that 1934 was the year Switzerland implemented its bank secrecy law, which would have been the ultimate reason why Heinrich chose Lugano as final seat of his „art collection“. The many painfully obvious omissions in this book are revealing, particularly in the case of Heini Thyssen having a bust made of himself by the artist Nison Tregor when the fact that he also had one made by Arno Breker, Hitler’s favourite sculptor, is left out. But they become utterly inacceptable in the case of the silence about the „aryanisation“ of the Erlenhof stud farm in 1933 (from Oppenheimer to Thyssen-Bornemisza) or the involvement of Margit Batthyany-Thyssen, together with her SS-lovers, in the atrocity on 180 Jewish slave labourers at the SS-requisitioned but Thyssen-funded Rechnitz castle estate in March 1945. Both matters continue to remain persistently unmentioned and thus form cases of Holocaust denial which are akin to the efforts of one David Irving. It is also astonishing how the author seems to have a desperate need for mystifying the question of the financing of Heinrich Thyssen’s collection, when Heini Thyssen told us very clearly that his father did this through a loan from his own bank, Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart. This fact is very straightforward, yet Johannes Gramlich makes it sound so complicated that one can only think this must be because he wants to make it appear like Thyssen had money available in some kind of holy grail-like golden pot somewhere that had nothing to do with Thyssen companies and confirmed that he really was descended from some ancient, aristocratic line as he would have liked (and in his own head believed!) to have done. The equally unlikely fact is purported that all the details of every single one of the several thousand pieces of art purchased by the Thyssens has been entered by „the team“ into a huge database containing a sophisticated network of cross-referenced information. Yet, in the whole of this book, the author mentions only a handful of the actual contents of Thyssen pictures. Time and time again the reader is left with the burning question: why, as the subject was so important to the Thyssens, did they leave it to such an unenlightened man rather than an experienced art historian to write about it? Is it because it is easier to get such a person to write statements such as “personal documents (of Fritz Thyssen) were destroyed during the confiscation of his fortune by the National Socialists and his business documents were mainly destroyed by WWII bombing“, because the organisation does not want to publish the true details of Fritz and Amelie’s wartime life? (one small tip: the bad bad Nazis threw them in a concentration camp and left them to rot is definitely not what happened). Or because he is prepared to write: „The correspondence of Hans Heinrich (Heini Thyssen) referring to art has been transmitted systematically from 1960 onwards“ and „for lack of sources, it is not possible to establish who was responsible for the movements in the collection inventory during the 1950s“ , because for a man whose assets are alleged to have been expropriated until 1955, it would be difficult to explain why he was able to buy and deal with expensive art before then? Was Dr Gramlich commissioned because a man with his lack of experience can write about „APC“ being an American company that Heini Thyssen’s company was “negotiating with”, because he does not know that the letters stand for „Alien Property Custodian“? Or because time and time and time again he will praise the „outstanding quality“ of the Thyssens’ collections, despite the fact that far too many pictures, including Heinrich’s „Vermeer“ and „Dürer“ or Fritz’s „Rembrandt“ and „Fragonard“ turned out to be fakes? The Lost Art Coordination Point in Magdeburg, by the way, describes this Fragonard as having been missing since 1945 from Marburg. But Gramlich says it has been missing since 1965 from the Fritz Thyssen Collection in Munich, when it was “only valued at 3.000 Deutschmarks any longer, because its originality was now questioned”. At one point, Gramlich writes about the „two paintings by Albrecht Dürer“ in the Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection without naming either of them. He describes that one of them was sold by Heini Thyssen in 1948. It went to the American art collector Samuel H Kress and finally to the Washington National Gallery. What Gramlich does not say is that this was in fact “Madonna with Child“. The other one remained in the Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection and can still be viewed at the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum in Madrid to this day under the title „Jesus among the Scribes“. Only, it has received a highly damning appraisal by one of the world’s foremost Dürer experts, Dr Thomas Schauerte; Johannes Gramlich does not tell his readers about this. The truth in all this is that no matter how many books and articles (and there have been many!) are financed by Thyssen money to tell us that Heini Thyssen bought German expressionist art in order to show how „anti-Nazi“ he was, such a thing is not actually possible and is not even believable after the Nazi period. It is ludicrous to say that August Thyssen saw Kaiser Wilhelm II as „Germany’s downfall“, since he had the Kaiser’s picture on his wall and started buying into the Bremer Vulkan submarine- producing shipyard in 1916, specifically in order to profit from the Kaiser’s war. And it is not believable, in view of Fritz Thyssen’s deeply-held antisemitism, to say he helped Jakob Goldschmidt to take some of his art out of Germany in 1934, because he was such a loyal friend of this Jewish man. Fritz Thyssen helped Jakob Goldschmidt despite him being Jewish and only because Goldschmidt was an incredibly well-connected and thus indispensable international banker – who in turn helped the Thyssens save their assets from allied retribution after WWII. All the Thyssens have ever done with art – and this book, despite aiming to do the contrary, does in fact confirm it – is to have used art in order to camouflage not just their taxable assets, but themselves as well. They have used art to hide the problematic source of parts of their fortune, as well as the fact they were simple parvenus. In the same way as Professor Manfred Rasch is not an independent historian but only a Thyssen filing clerk (the way he repeatedly gets his „academic“ underlings to include disrespectful remarks about us in their work is highly unprofessional), so the Thyssens are not, never have been and never will be „autodidactic“ „connoisseurs“. And that is because art does not happen on a cheque book signature line but is, in its very essence, the exact opposite of just about anything the Thyssens, with a few exceptions, have ever stood for. As Max Friedländer summarised it, their kind of attitude was that of: „the vain desire, social ambition, speculation for rise in value….of ostentatiously presenting one’s assets…..so that this admiration of the assets reflects back on the owner himself“. Despite the best efforts of the Thyssen machine to present a favourable academic evaluation of the Thyssens’ art collecting jaunts, in view of their infinitely immoral standards, the assurances of both the aesthetic qualities and investment value of their „art collections“, as mentioned so nauseatingly frequently in this book, are of no consequence whatsoever. The only thing that is relevant is that the extent of the family’s industrial wealth was so vast, that the pool of pretence for both them and their art was limitless. Thus their intended camouflage through culture failed and the second-generation Thyssens in particular ended up being exposed as Philistines. Johannes Gramlich Tags: academic merit, Albrecht Dürer, Alexander Donges, Alien Property Custodian, allied retribution, Amelie Thyssen, Anita Zichy-Thyssen, antisemitism, Argentina, Armand Lowengard, Arno Breker, art business, art collection, artist names, aryanisation, attributions, auction houses, August Thyssen, August Thyssen House, Auguste Rodin, bank secrecy, Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart, Barbara Stengel, Bavaria, Bayerischer Kurier, Berne, Bremer Vulkan, camouflage, capital flight, capital protection, Christian Nebenhay, David Irving, doctoral thesis, Dr Karl Koetschau, Dr Thomas Schauerte, Düsseldorf Museum, Duveen Brothers, Eduard von der Heydt, Emil Bührle, Erlenhof stud farm, exhaustive cultivation, Forced Labour, foreign exchange controls, forgeries, Fragonard, Fritz Thyssen, Fritz Thyssen Collection, Gabor Zichy, German armament, German citizenship, German expressionist art, German nationality, Germany, Gestapo, Hans Tietze, Heini Thyssen, Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza, Herbert Gutmann, Hermann Göring, Holocaust denial, Hungarian embassy, Hungarian nationality, Hungary, investment value, Jakob Goldschmit, Jesus among the Scribes, Jewish collections, Jewish forced labourers, Johannes Gramlich, Julius Kien, Junior Research Group Leader, Kunstwart art magazine, lack of sources, Leo Planiscig, London National Gallery, Lost Art, Lost Art Coordination Point, Lugano, Luitpold Dussler, Madonna with Child, Madrid, Magdeburg, Manfred Rasch, Marburg, Margit Batthyany-Thyssen, Max Alsberg, Max Friedländer, Maximilian von Goldschmidt-Rothschild, Munich, Munich Art Historical Society, Munich exhibition, myth-making, nationality, Nazi history, Nazism, Nison Tregor, Oppenheimer, originality, parvenus, Philip Hendy, Philistines, Plagiarism, profit, profit maximisation, public relations, Rechnitz Castle, Rembrandt, robber barons, Rudolf Berliner, Samuel H Kress, Schloss Puchhof, Schloss Rohoncz Collection, short-term speculation, Simone Derix, social ambition, SS, submarine-producing shipyard, sustainability, Switzerland, tax, taxable assets, teutonic loyalties, the Netherlands, Thomas Urban, Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection, University of Munich, Vermeer, von der Heydt Museum, Washington National Gallery, Wilhelm II, Wilhelm Pinder, Willi Grünberg, World War Two, Wuppertal-Elberfeld	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29053
__label__wiki	0.50576	0.50576	« The legacy of Francis Schuckardt, the one true Pope \| Home \| Still God’s Own Party » More on Ohio’s Fink tank Just 75 more reasons why Deborah Owens Fink will fail in her efforts to take Ohio’s schools back to the Dark Ages: In an unusual foray into electoral politics, 75 science professors at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland have signed a letter endorsing a candidate for the Ohio Board of Education. The professors’ favored candidate is Tom Sawyer, a former congressman and onetime mayor of Akron. They hope Mr. Sawyer, a Democrat, will oust Deborah Owens Fink, a leading advocate of curriculum standards that encourage students to challenge the theory of evolution. Elsewhere in Ohio, scientists have also been campaigning for candidates who support the teaching of evolution and have recruited at least one biologist from out of state to help. Lawrence M. Krauss, a physicist at Case Western Reserve who organized the circulation of the letter, said almost 90 percent of the science faculty on campus this semester had signed it. The signers are anthropologists, biologists, chemists, geologists, physicists and psychologists. The letter says Dr. Owens Fink has “attempted to cast controversy on biological evolution in favor of an ill-defined notion called Intelligent Design that courts have ruled is religion, not science.” In an interview, Dr. Krauss said, “This is not some group of fringe scientists or however they are being portrayed by the creationist community,” adding, “This is the entire scientific community, and I don’t know of any other precedent for almost the entire faculty at an institution” making such a statement. But Dr. Owens Fink, a professor of marketing at the University of Akron, said the curriculum standards she supported did not advocate teaching intelligent design, an ideological cousin of creationism. Rather, she said, they urge students to subject evolution to critical analysis, something she said scientists should endorse. She said the idea that there was a scientific consensus on evolution was “laughable.” “Laughable” is certainly an accurate description of Owens Fink, who recently described the National Academy of Sciences as “a group of so-called scientists.” (“Dr.” Owens Fink, in turn, should probably be referred to as a “so-called” professor, since she has only associate status.) A long-time ID apologist, she was behind the 2001 nomination of Robert Lattimer, de facto leader of Ohio’s ID movement, to serve on the state’s educational science advisory committee. Since then, Owens Fink has been a tireless campaigner for the anti-science brigade—tireless and unsuccessful. Sawyer will hopefully enable her to sustain that record of failure. Posted by Stephen at 3:37 PM in Education \| Evolution \| Politics \| Religion + cults \| Science + technology \| Permalink \| TrackBack (0) Trackback Pings http://www.disinterestedparty.com/cgi-bin/mt/mt-t.cgi/922 Asocial networking Scientology scare tactics Gentle Wind goes back to school A biblical battle Religious right deathwatch Rolex religion Earmarked for Jesus Creation rebel The end, sort of Christianmob The sound of one hand praying Vatican values Left Behind’s ruptured rapture Fashion victims	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29056
__label__wiki	0.664807	0.664807	Episode 1 Episode 2 Episode 3 Episode 4 Episode 5 Episode 6 Episode 7 Episode 8 Episode 9 Episode 10 Episode 11 Episode 12 Episode 13 Episode 14 Episode 15 Episode 16 Episode 17 Episode 18 (Final) 31 August 6, 2015 January 23, 2016 Mrs. Cop: Episode 1 by LollyPip Mrs. Cop comes out of the gate hard and fast, with great, relatable characters and a compelling conflict for the heroine to tackle: What’s more important, your career or your family? You’d think it’s an easy decision, except when your career involves protecting the families of your fellow man. It’s hard to prioritize a dance recital when lives are literally on the line, and Young-jin struggles to make the right choice. I have a feeling her struggle will be quite the amazing journey. The show opens on our heroine, policewoman CHOI YOUNG-JIN (Kim Hee-ae) having dinner at a street cart. She asks if the ajumma-owner has seen a man, showing her a photo on her phone. The owner says she hasn’t, but just then the man walks right past the cart. Young-jin brushes off a call from “Stepmom” to follow him. He’s busy trailing after an attractive young woman, and Young-jin is nearly caught when her phone buzzes with a text message. It’s from “Stepmom” again, threatening to move out with Ha-eun if Young-jin doesn’t show up to Ha-eun’s performance. “If you don’t come, you’re not even a mom.” Young-jin cringes, but forgets all about the message when she notices that her target is gone. He’s getting closer to the young woman as she threads through dark alleys, sensing that the man behind her is up to no good. She runs to her door but as she fumbles with her keys, the man grabs her. Young-jin hears the woman scream and runs toward the noise, calling her partners to catch up with her. She finds the guy manhandling the woman and he runs off, leaving the woman unconscious. Two more cops arrive and run after the attacker while Young-jin tries to revive the young woman. Another call from “Stepmom” has her barking into the phone that she’ll call back later, and we join the woman on the other end of the line, her sister CHOI NAM-JIN (Shin So-yool). She’s with Young-jin’s daughter HA-EUN, an adorable wee fairy in a ballet tutu, at a dance recital. Nam-jin lies to Ha-eun that her mother promised to come, and Ha-eun sadly nods as if she knows better from experience. Young-jin bundles the victim into an ambulance and calls her partners in time to hear what sounds like a horrific confrontation — which it is, since the attacker has just thrown garbage water at one of the men. Ha, the other cop is more incapacitated than the wet man, as he retches uncontrollably. They get their man, but Young-jin holds the cop who got splashed at arm’s length (leg’s length?) and orders him to take a taxi back to the station because he reeks so bad. He whines that it’s a miracle that Ha-eun is such a good girl, with a mother like her. The recital is over, but little Ha-eun refuses to leave until her mom shows up like she promised. Her aunt Nam-jin is honest about the fact that she never keeps her promises, and Ha-eun bursts into disappointed tears. Young-jin does come to the recital hall, but it’s too late and they’ve gone. Nam-jin jumps all over her the moment she gets home, admonishing her not to make promises she can’t keep and accusing her of never even seeing her daughter’s face. Young-jin seems sorry, but she doesn’t even go into her daughter’s room, instead laying on the couch whining about how tired she is. Young-jin catches it at work the next day as well, for leaving her partners to do all the paperwork the night before. The attacker is refusing to talk, and a previous victim’s sister bursts into the station screaming and demanding to know where he is. She runs at him with a weapon, threatening to kill him, and has to be forcibly removed. Later, someone sneaks into the interrogation room with the attacker, whose name is Ho Jong-nam. He doesn’t see the woman’s face, and she grabs him from behind and threatens to kill him, for killing her sister. He stammers that it wasn’t him, begging pitifully for his life, and the woman whirls him around to see that it’s actually Young-jin. She checks Jong-nam’s rap sheet, and he’s really no more than a petty thief. Young-jin thinks he’s not the killer, especially since she just said to him that the sister was killed in a different neighborhood than where the murder actually happened, and he didn’t contradict her. Her teammates are JO JAE-DUK, YEOM SANG-MIN, and maknae LEE SE-WON (Lee Ki-kwang), and none of them look pleased at this morning’s events. Jae-duk complains that she relies too much on intuition, but Young-jin counters that it’s her vast experience. A pair of suited men sit at a small corner restaurant having a meal, and one of them compliments the other on how skilled the police are these days, even catching serial killers. The other man, police CHIEF YEOM, says they were always skilled, they just didn’t catch them because they didn’t try. The first man, KANG TAE-YOO, CEO of a conglomerate called K1 Group, wants to publicly announce the capture of the killer because his son is going to be arrested the next day, and he’s hoping the flurry over the serial killer will squash the news of his own son. Chief Yeom isn’t willing to risk his career when they haven’t confirmed they have the real killer, but Tae-yoo is all Since when did we need evidence? Of course, a hefty stack of money convinces Chief Yeom to bend his principles. And so it’s announced that Ho Jong-nam is the same man who raped and murdered four women in the last year, and Young-jin is furious. She confronts Chief Yeom, asking what he’ll do if it turns out they have the wrong man, insisting that the man they caught was just in the wrong place at the wrong time. Chief Yeom reminds her that her job is to catch criminals, not determine their guilt, but she wants to know why the announcement went out without the case team leader’s knowledge. He has no valid answer so he pulls rank on her, and they end up just screaming at each other. Young-jin goes to vent to her friend PARK JONG-HO (Kim Min-Jong), head of the Violent Crimes Division. They clearly know each other well, as he rubs her shoulders and strokes her hair, and she smacks him in the butt in retaliation. He’s a major flirt, and teases her right out of her fury. Once she’s calm, he advises her to let it go, and she counters that he lets things go too easily — that’s why he’s not married. It’s his sore spot, but he grins after her when she goes. Another young woman is found murdered in her apartment, and Young-jin and her team are first to the scene. She was killed in the same way as the other murdered women, having been raped then strangled, but with a knife left in her back. What’s worse, this woman was pregnant. Young-jin finds a newly-purchased package of rice cakes on the floor, and checks the fridge — there’s unopened packages of the same rice cakes in there. Why would she buy more when she had plenty? Young-jin imagines a man coming to the door using the excuse of delivering snacks to his new neighbors to gain entry. The victim must have asked him to leave them, then when she opened the door to pick them up, he attacked. It would explain the duplicate rice cakes, and the lack of forced entry. Young-jin finds the shop that sells those rice cakes, and the owner remembers the man and says it was strange — he declined a free package, only taking the one. They take the package he left behind and find fingerprints, and the team swings into action. Young-jin takes Chief Yeom a form to sign saying that Ho Jong-nam is no longer the serial killer suspect, but he tells her to leave it and he’ll sign it after he gets back from a three-day training workshop. She wonders why he won’t just sign it now, but he just bristles and leaves. Young-jin actually stops the bus and confronts Yeom in front of his colleagues, saying that she knows signing the form will be embarrassing. But it’s unfair to make Ho Jong-nam live as a murderer for three days while he’s gone. His colleagues mutter for him to sign, and he walks off the bus. Once the bus pulls away, Chief Yeom kicks Young-jin in the shin and yells at her, but she’s not cowed and asks if she’ll be forced to report him for not signing. He hollers at her to do it, then. That night Aunt Nam-jin is confronted by a shop owner — Ha-eun shoplifted a stuffed bear. She lets it go this time, and Ha-eun lights up when Young-jin arrives home during her scolding. Nam-jin grouches that Ha-eun shouldn’t talk to strangers, ha. Their family dynamic is that Nam-jin is more of a mother to Ha-eun, taking on the role of caregiver and disciplinarian, while Young-jin behaves more like the fun auntie. Nam-jin complains that she doesn’t even have time to date, but Young-jin blows her off. She does at least pay Nam-jin for her hard work. Jae-duk happily bounces up to Young-jin at the station, having discovered that their killer, Nam Sang-hyuk, is a regular at a certain nightclub. He’s apparently obsessed with one of the employees, and J ae-duk and Se-won follow her as she meets up with a man in an apartment. They think it’s Sang-hyuk, so Young-jin sets up her men to wait for him to come out. Nothing happens until the next morning, when Sang-hyuk saunters out of the building just as Young-jin is waking up. She pretends to be stretching and he walks right past her, until she calls out a cheerful greeting. In moments he’s surrpounded by cops, but he makes a breeak for it anyway, and Young-jin falls in the chase. The team finally flank him on a bridge, but Sang-hyuk kicks Jae-duk in the stomach and jumps off the side into the creek bed. He gets quite a distance, then he’s suddenly gone. Jae-duk sends the team in different directions, but something tells him to check the enclosed sewer (“Augh, every time I wear new clothes!” HA). He finds Sang-hyuk trapped by a fence, and Sang-hyuk silently holds his hands out to be cuffed. I… don’t trust him, not with that smirk. When Young-jin catches up she gets the same idea to check the sewer, and Jae-duk calls that he’s got him. She starts to make a phone call and hears a shot, and runs inside the sewer duct to find Jae-duk gut-stabbed and Sang-hyuk gone. Jae-duk groans for her to go catch the killer, but he’s bleeding badly and Young-jin panics because she can’t get cell reception down here. Later Chief Yeom rakes her over the coals for not calling for more backup (seriously, she had something like fifteen men, come on), but Young-jin is a bit broken and just quietly apologizes. Yeom says she’s stubborn with an attitude problem, and that this situation is all her fault. He takes her off the case and reinstates Ho Jong-nam as the main suspect. How does that make sense?? Young-jin finally finds her spirit and objects to Jong-nam being charged with the murder, but Chief Yeom just says that in his opinion, thief or murderer, they’re all the same and should be killed. Whoa. Young-jin says that she heard from reporters that the day they announced Ho Jong-nam as the killer, was the same day the son of K1 Group was arrested. That case didn’t make headlines, and the reporters had asked her why they made such a big announcement while still investigating. She’s supposed to give them an answer today – what should she tell them? She can’t say that she, as team leader, didn’t know about the announcement, so should she have them ask Chief Yeom directly? Again with no explanation, Chief Yeom just kicks her out, and tells her to issue a formal apology by tomorrow. Young-jin spits that she will take responsibility for losing her suspect and getting her man hurt, but she practically orders Yeom to change Ho Jong-nam’s charges from murder to burglary. Young-jin visits Jae-duk in the hospital and they’re joined by his wife, who pointedly ignores Young-jin. She mutters that nobody appreciates how hard he works, even though he basically died and came back to life during surgery. Jae-duk is all Shut up shut up! but his wife goes on angrily, wondering why they go to such lengths when the pay isn’t even that good. She’s mostly scared, and says that she just wants to live a normal life. Young-jin apologizes, and she tells her to just catch that killer and remember that Jae-duk has a wife and two kids. Young-jin arrives back at the office to find all of her team’s files being confiscated by the prosecutor’s office. Young-jin notices Chief Yeom looking suspicious, but she’s distracted by a call from Jae-duk’s wife and heads to the hospital. The prosecutor’s men are checking everything, even Jae-duk’s personal items. His wife is losing it, having to deal with her husband’s stabbing, the discovery during his surgery that he’s got cirrhosis of the liver, and now this insult all in one day. Young-jin isn’t much calmer and chases the men out, though one of them manages to tell her that she’s been ordered to come to the prosecutor’s office tomorrow. Jae-duk asks what the hell is happening — did someone get caught accepting bribes or something? Young-jin calms herself and tells him to just rest, and she’ll handle this. Jong-ho finds her drinking and joins her, and she asks him to tell her what’s happening. He reminds her of a situation when she and Jae-duk had roughed up some high school kids for smoking — those kids have caused some more trouble and are associated with a gangster named Dal-joong. Apparently Dal-joong sold Young-jin and Jae-duk’s names to the kids’ parents, who are now claiming that they bribed the two of them. Young-jin says that’s too easy to disprove, and demands to know what’s really going on with Chief Yeom. When Jong-ho tells her with a pained expression to ask him herself, she figures out that Yeom must be behind this. Jong-ho says that he knows Young-jin is good at her job, but the Chief is where he is for a reason. He warns her to look out for him and not oppose him so much — it will only make her life harder. Young-jin is called away to her neighborhood police station, where little Ha-eun is in trouble for stealing another stuffed animal. The store owner (not unkindly) says that Young-jin should spend more time disciplining her daughter than chasing criminals, and Young-jin doesn’t argue. She asks Ha-eun why she did it, but Ha-eun just shakes her head. On the walk home Young-jin takes her daughter’s hand, and it’s telling how hard the little girl grips her mother’s hand in return. But Young-jin still doesn’t punish her, and only says not to do it again with no authority in her voice. Ha-eun begs her mom to sleep with her tonight, and Young-jin says she will if Ha-eun tells her why she stole the toy. With a tear in her eye, Ha-eun says that the store owner said that if she stole, she’d take her to the police station and call her mom. Oh, that’s heartbreaking, and Young-jin is truly stricken. She asks tearfully if that’s true, that Ha-eun did it so she could see her mommy, apologizing when Ha-eun nods yes. They lay in bed, hugging each other and crying together. Later Young-jin looks through her photo album, and it’s so sad how the early pictures are of her and Ha-eun with Ha-eun’s father, then suddenly he’s gone and it’s just the two of them with aunt Nam-jin. Young-jin and Nam-jin see Ha-eun off to school the next day, and Young-jin tells her sister to find out what a trip to Jeju Island costs, for a short vacation. She goes to work and contemplates her uniform for a minute, then turns in her gun, handcuffs, and badge to Chief Yeom. She officially quits and asks Chief Yeom to leave Jae-duk alone, apologizing woodenly for all the times she fought with him. Chief Yeom jumps to the conclusion that she’s expecting him to apologize and beg her to stay, but she says it’s for real, proving it by presenting her resignation letter. Young-jin runs into Jong-ho on her way out, and he calls her crazy for doing this. She just says she’s a mother before she’s a cop. She couldn’t take care of her husband, and she can’t take care of Jae-duk, but she wants to take care of her daughter before it’s too late. She turns to go, but Se-won runs in and yells that there’s been another rape in Nam Sang-hyuk’s style. Craaaaap. Young-jin whips around and freezes, torn as to what she should do. This was a strong first episode, giving us a satisfying amount of backstory and characterization, and I’m definitely interested. I love Young-jin with her realistic and understandable conflict between her career and her personal life, and her team all seem well-fleshed-out. I don’t yet have a strong feel of what the overarcing story will be other than that, but sometimes it can take a few episodes to get the whole picture, so I’m willing to be patient. Young-jin is a fantastic heroine with lots of meaty character ground to delve into. I love her fire and passion about her job, her pinpoint intuition and her determination to do the right thing. It doesn’t even come off as idealism, because she’s been around the block enough to know that there’s no easy answer — she just does what she can to get the bad people off the street. But even then she’s unfailingly fair and willing to fight for their rights — she’s just not okay with a culprit being accused of something he didn’t do. Ho Jong-nam may not be innocent, but he IS innocent of rape and murder, and one thing I love about Young-jin is her willingness to put herself on the line to defend that innocence. But it looks like it’s not going to be an easy fight, and it looks like her corrupt Chief Yeom is only the tip of that iceberg. He seems like the kind of man who wasn’t bad to begin with, but years of losing the battle with justice coupled with the temptation of money, have broken him. Young-jin is going to have a difficult time fighting Chief Yeom, whose ability to ignore facts and do what he wants is frustrating because you can’t argue with “Shut up and do what I say even if tit doesn’t make sense.” Not to mention, his creedo that all criminals are equal and deserving of death will be a hard wall to crash into. But I have no doubt that Young-jin has the strength to do just that. I do wish the show had shown her interactions with her sister and daughter more, because I want to know more about how their little family works. Clearly Young-jin’s priority is her work, and Nam-jin knows it. She’s a good aunt to take care of Ha-eun the way she does, but it’s interesting that she lets her unhappiness about the situation be known loudly and often. And Young-jin’s relationship with her daughter is problematic in an obvious way, not just because she’s rarely home to take care of her, but because she goes overboard with the permissiveness with Ha-eun out of guilt. Even if she doesn’t have much time for her daughter, she’s still not a mother when she does see her, and it’s no wonder that Ha-eun is acting out to try to get attention. But Young-jin seems to finally be realizing it, though I fully expect her to be pulled right back in with this latest murder. It’s hard to break a lifetime of habits that quickly, and easy to justify the decision when people are dying and more will die if you don’t do something. But as a viewer I’m glad she’s going to be sucked right back, because that push and pull between home and work is what makes Young-jin such a great protagonist. She imperfect, and torn, and often makes the wrong decision. But now that she knows exactly what it’s costing her daughter not to have her mother around, her inner struggle will be that much worse, and that much more interesting to watch. The ajumma cop reports for duty in Mrs. Cop Mrs. Cop: Lee Hana out, Lee Da-hee in Mrs. Cop recruits Lee Ki-kwang, Park Yong-woo Sohn Ho-joon, Lee Hana courted to join Mrs. Cop Kim Hee-ae in talks to become Mrs. Cop Tags: featured, first episodes, Kim Hee-ae, Kim Min-jong, Lee Da-hee, Lee Ki-kwang, Mrs. Cop, Sohn Ho-joon 1 CallicoWarrior19961004 This sounds soooo fun! Totally following this drama As usual, Lollypip has only good things to say about a drama. That's so boring! 2 nasalhazel Did not love the grating tone of this first episode or the kick. But i'll give it a few more eps to settle in before making my go/no go decision. 3 yukinosuna Ah I have trouble with dramas such as those where it's a constant David vs Goliath. It's too depressing. I wont be watching but I'll be reading the recaps windsun33 Pretty much every show ever anywhere is some form of David vs Goliath. Or Cinderella vs Evil MIL (female versions of D vs G). 4 Calzeralzer I'm glad this is being recapped! I really enjoyed the first episode and I think this drama has a lot of potential! I tried the first two episodes, but I was distinctly underwhelmed, and by the second episode I wanted to shout at the screen because I don't think someone like Young-shin should be a cop. Her sense of justice is great – but her temper is absolutely volatile and sometimes her complete lack of sense of the real world – the one that involves dealing with non-criminals – is fatal (no spoilers but what happened in ep. 2 was devastating). Mind you, not that she's the only incompetent cop. I thought they were all running around like headless chickens rather a professional police force at some point! Also felt some of the characterisation was very black and white (the police chief) and events very predictable (the issues with her daughter – real but lacking nuance and seeming like "shouldn't they have gone through that already?"). Maybe it will improve, but I didn't get sense of fine hand at work here, which is what I would need to continue watching. alua Also was perplexed by her cradling someone that was stabbed. She should have immediately applied first aid (i.e. tried to stop the bleeding). Yes, there can be shock but she IS a police officer and she should be trained for situations like this – and, here's the rub, she does the exact same thing in the second episode which really made me wonder whether she's a cop or an ordinary civilian that has innocently stumbled onto a crime scene! Apparently alot of people are critizing the stupidity of the policemen tbh. Like it's fun and games to have suspense etc, but when you dumb down some elements it's like you're thinking the viewer is stupid. Yes, I'm not surprised. It's a bit ... too much. Things don't have to perfect – it's just a show – but they (these cops) make some pretty basic errors repeatedly which is mind-baffling. Doesn't help if you have just come from watching I Remember You where there are some amazingly competent cops (and villains are many shades of grey). I am not a big fan of American shows, but one thing they get reasonably right is basic police procedure. I don't think I have ever seen a k-drama where they have done totally gross mistakes in handling prisoners or suspects. Surely the Korean public can also figure out that there has to be at least one smart uncorrupted cop in the country. I agree, in the first episode when there were about 20 cops chasing ONE individual on foot, and the one criminal gets away? Do they have tazer guns, these cops? I mean it gets ridiculous. Those scenes made me wonder where in hell these writers and directors get their ideas on how cops work from - or even if they really have any idea at all. If it was just this show I could put it down to a bad writer, but it is nearly every k-drama with a cop in it. And if the cop is female, she always immediately breaks down and goes into panic mode instead of actually doing something. @windsun33 I've been reading your comments for several years now, and methinks we enjoy the same type of kdramas and can't stomach the same type of kdramas for the same reasons :) 6 Dongsaeng killer Kim HeeAe is forever great! Thx for the recap 7 meya After read a recap, i think i'll say no to this drama. Mian gikwang-ah... but the story and character just make me tired already. I mean, yes, no police are perfect but corrupt chief, high temper heroine, lack of police act, I'm bored. Ow what will I do after I remember you end next week? I turned it off mid-way too ... when will TV cops learn to handcuff first, talk after? And the corrupt chief has to be the most tired element ... I can't make me watch another even though I like the lead. eynay I really do not like that Chief acting. I know he is experience actor & I'm watching him in so many drama/movies but here he looks like some rookies in their first years of act. Me too, the corrupt chief is a big factor of what made me just stop after 1st episode. I'm sick of just plain shady characters...I don't know what I'll do with the ending of I Remember You either...lamenting already, I guess. You-Know-Who I know how you feel. Besides I Remember You, there's only Oh My Ghostess and Last for me. Oh and there's Yongpal too but it's new so I still don't know if it will suck in the middle or not. Btw, I recommend Last for those who are looking for something new, it's a thriller, mystery with hobos and gangsters galore with great actors. I saw the lineup of upcoming dramas this fall but nothing catches my attention except for cable dramas, namely tvn and jtbc, not sure about ocn since I don't see any upcoming dramas in wiki. Probably, winter dramas are the answers for my drama addiction, hopefully. 8 sha will you do recap for yongpal ? please do it 9 mopinks Awwwwww..... Nice intro, too bad I won't b watching all.... I'm a Nigerian and d way u recap is d best thing that can eva happen......lol... Thanks fr d recap fr people like us that can't watch all d episodes Hello fellow Nigerian :-) 10 whitewire Chief Yeom is here awwww. He is the only one here, and all his 'Giant' castmates are in Assembly, which I immensely enjoy because of the participation of veteran and seasoned movie actor, Jung Jae-young, in his debut drama lol. Kim Min-jong being a major flirt is a dream come true for me. Meaning, I really will have to take a good chance on this drama. Seems promising truly. (And his loveline with Kim Hee-ae? Tell me I am dreaming?) 11 AnaG Loved the first episode!!! Thanks for the recap. :) 12 Quiet Thought Sigh. I really wanted to give this series a chance, but I ran through the first episode in about twenty minutes. Not a fresh moment or original thought anywhere. Plus, of course, we have the Successful Female Professional Failing Her Personal Life plot that is the anti-feminist curse of a number of American movies. The second chase scene was ridiculous. How could a dozen cops so completely bungle an arrest and foot chase three times in ten minutes? A boy scout troop could have taken that guy out more efficiently. And, as the leader of the team, Young-shin was completely useless in both pursuit situations. This series does confirm the proposal I made after watching several other Kdrama cop shows: the Seoul police could cut the crime rate by half just by arresting every man they see wearing a dark shirt and a black cap pulled over his eyes. And they could cut the crime rate by another 90% by just arresting every guy in a black suit. 13 Bea To be honest I understand the aunt a lot... I'm in the same situation, caring for my niece as if she were my own daughter while my sister who is also a single parent is making a living in another country. I know people sometimes criticize me for giving up on some parts of my life to care for her (mostly meeting friends and dating), and it is also a heavy burden for me so of course I also have regrets... But what keeps us going, me and probably the aunt here, is the niece. I know she shouldn't be my responsibility, but i can not in good conscience leave her alone. I also take care of our parents for the same reason... I love them, there's no one else who would do it, and often I feel terribly guilty for even desiring to live my own life, even though a lot would argue that that's how it should be done. It's an often thankless job too, since no one really notices the person who's always there... Ugh, just got choked up. :x Just wanna clap and giving this moment for you. You do deserve to be noticed, and though we don't know each other, here's me "noticing" you! 14 windsun33 I have mixed feelings so far after EP1 and EP2. Am loving the priority conflicts between mother, daughter, and aunt. Am hating the "oh crap here we go again" totally incompetent and corrupt police force. The conflicted career single mother job vs family trope has been done dozens of times in all countries, so is hardly original, but so far I think is done better in this show than in most. On the other hand with same tired old tropes of incompetent, corrupt, backbiting, and just plain stupid cops my keyboard is getting worn out from all the /facepalming and smashing face into it. Seriously writers, it is time for some new material. With the same scenarios about dumb/corrupt cops being repeated over and over in almost every show that has a cop in it (even in Ghostess, sort of) I wonder if any writer ever has actually gone out and talked to any cops, or even hung around a police station for a few days for background. I mean like Kermit on a Crutch - if nothing else watch CSI for some actual police procedure about how to handcuff bad guys. 15 mutantreptile Am I seeing things, or does Choi Young-Jin live in the same house as Oh Cho-Rim in The Girl Who Sees Smells? (Or at least the same set)	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29059
__label__wiki	0.544458	0.544458	Tom Prymek 30 year member, Ronnie Prymek 15 years, Jim Prymek 50 year member, Ron Prymek 50 year member, Ken Prymek 52 year member, Dan Prymek 30 year member and Nick Prymek 3 year member. At a union meeting, members address each other as “brother” and “sister.” And there are also many related family members in a local union. One of the great achievements any union member can complete is winning their 50 year card. Three Iowa brothers recently completed that rare milestone. Brothers Ken (Local 309), Ron (Local 177) and Jim (Local 309) Prymek were all awarded their 50 year LiUNA cards this summer in Des Moines. The three brothers, along with brother Joe, who worked as a Laborer and then became a union Roofer, and their sister Carolyn all grew up on a farm in Washington, Iowa. Their father joined the Carpenters and worked on the Coralville Dam near Iowa City in the 1940s, which brought the family to that town. Jim recalls that his brother Joe was the first to join the Hod Carriers local in Iowa City, opening the door for the other brothers. Ron remembers working in a gas station in the early 1960s and having a hard time making a living with his young family, until he started construction. In those days there was no apprenticeship or training; you signed up and were sent to a job. If you could prove yourself, you became a Laborer. Ron wonders how he survived in the trade, since he accidentally dumped a wheelbarrow load of concrete on a carpenter on his first day out. He said his older brother Ken was an inspiration to him as a Laborer and helped him establish himself. Ken became a pipeliner, working jobs in Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and Illinois. Jim recalls spending many years on a 90-pound jackhammer and a four year stint on a power plant in Muscatine, Iowa; Ron worked on numerous University of Iowa buildings. Ron recalled his starting pay as $3.275 an hour, “We had no benefits, no health care, no retirement.” Looking at the trade today, the brothers are all very impressed with the training and safety that apprentices and working members enjoy today. “I wish I could have had some of the training the new people get,” said Ron. Safety is another change that they all recognize. “I looked up one day and there was no one taking care of me,” said Jim. That pushed him to join the union. On the pipeline, Ken remembers a lot of safety challenges, riding on pipe behind a tractor pulling it. “Sometimes you are standing in water up to your hips on the pipeline. It used to be if you won’t do it they’ll get somebody who can.” So what makes a good union member? “The union gives us all rights and no one is being told what to do,” said Jim. “Someone is there to back you and you back them up.” Ron noted a member’s obligation: “They pay you good money for eight hours, give them eight hours of hard work.” Ken echoes, “You have to be a good union man who jumps in there and does it right. You have to support your union. I stayed union – I like to do it the union way.” Across the University of Iowa, in Des Moines and in pipelines and underground systems over multiple states, is the legacy of the Prymek brothers. A strong work ethic and a family bond that became a union bond is carried on today with Ron’s sons and a grandson all carrying a LiUNA card in their wallet. Family bonds run deeper, even deeper when they are union united.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29062
__label__wiki	0.729823	0.729823	Lions Spot for Sport posted 22 Feb 2017, 15:16 by Guernsey Table Tennis Association [ updated 22 Feb 2017, 15:23 ] Garry Dodd continues to reign as the leading player within the local and CI table tennis scene after picking up the Lions Spot for Sport title on Monday evening at the GTTA Centre. Dodd recently obtained his 7th CI Open Top 12 crown and is yet to lose an individual singles match since the season commenced in September last year. This has resulted in 3 Open tournament singles wins so far this season along with an Open Doubles crown alongside Joshua Butler. His 4th Open singles title collected here came with few issues and he overcame Joshua Stacey over 4 ends in the showpiece final. The event was fairly well contested with a healthy entry of 24 players, however this would have been more had it not been for a few entrants scratching from the tournament for various reasons. As anticipated, there were very few surprises during the initial group stages and each expected player made it through to the knockout stages, with the exception of Group E, where a Division 1 player failed to make it through. The player in question was junior Joseph Bourgaize and the Whistlers player missed out to Ravenscroft Panthers player Steve Martin, who went through as group runner-up behind seeded player Butler. The group ended in a countback situation as Bourgaize, Martin and GTTA Tournament Secretary Ian Fitchet had all won 1 of their 3 singles matches. Martin took the spot in the main draw due to having a better games ratio than his rivals. Completion of the Last 16 ties made way for a healthy selection of Quarter final encounters comprising almost entirely of the Island’s leading players. The only unseeded player to make it to this stage was Craig Dunning, who had done superbly to defeat Martin over 5 sets in their Last 16 clash. The Division 3 player’s run would ultimately come to an end at this stage, but he gained good experience during his straight game defeat to Joshua Stacey. The other match from the bottom half of the draw pitted 2017 Green trophy player Lawrence Stacey and the rapidly improving Junior Ben Foss. This was by far the match of the round and it was Foss that came through the epic, 13-11 in the deciding end of their tussle, preventing a clash between the twins in the semi finals. The top half of the draw saw Dodd make light work of Paul Hainsworth in straight games and he was joined in the penultimate stage of the tournament by Butler, who battled through against Phil Ogier in 4 games after dropping the opener. The encounter between Dodd and Butler was gripping and despite Butler edging a close second 13-11, Dodd was always in control and came through over 4 ends. The other semi final saw Stacey overcome Foss, also over 4 ends. This was a much tighter affair though and Foss will rue missed chances due to having led in each of the 4 ends contested. The first end in particular saw him holding a trio of game points at 10-7, before being edged out 12-10. All of the remaining ends could have gone either way, but each was taken 11-9, with Foss taking the 3rd end of the match to keep his hopes alive. The final was a strange encounter which saw Stacey incredibly pinch the first leg 11-9, having faced a large deficit of 2-7 early on. Dodd was far from his best, but did more than enough to comfortably come through the match in 4 games and reclaim the title he won last year. The Jack Carrington tournament is the next local event and will be contested on 6th March. This event precludes any player that has competed for Guernsey in the annual Green Trophy Inter-Insular event during the past couple of years. Lions Spot for Sport Results	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29063
__label__wiki	0.57151	0.57151	Hamilton Township School District » Parental Information » Parent Involvement » Parental Involvement Policy Section: Program 2415.04. TITLE I-DISTRICT-WIDE PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT (M) Date Created: February, 2004 Date Edited: March, 2011 2415.04 - TITLE I-DISTRICT-WIDE PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT (M) The Hamilton Township School District (HTSD) will put into operation programs, activities, and procedures for the involvement of parents in all of its schools with Title I, Part A programs, consistent with Section 1118 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). Those programs, activities, and procedures will be planned and operated with meaningful consultation with parents of participating children. Consistent with Section 1118, the school district will work with its schools to ensure that the required school-level parental involvement policies meet the requirements of Section 1118(b) of the ESEA, and each include, as a component, a school-parent compact consistent with Section 1118(d) of the ESEA. The HTSD will incorporate this District-Wide Parental Involvement Policy into its school districtâ€™s plan developed under Section 1112 of the ESEA. In carrying out the Title I, Part A parental involvement requirements, to the extent practicable, the school district and its schools will provide full opportunities for the participation of parents with limited English proficiency, parents with disabilities, and parents of migratory children, including providing information and school reports required under Section 1111 of the ESEA in an understandable and uniform format, including alternative formats upon request, and to the extent practicable, in a language parents understand. If the school districtâ€™s plan for Title I, Part A, developed under Section 1112 of the ESEA, is not satisfactory to the parents of participating children, the school district will submit any parent comments with the plan when the school district submits the plan to the New Jersey Department of Education. In the event the school district is required to reserve and spend at least one percent of the districtâ€™s Title I, Part A allocation, the school district will involve the parents of children served in Title I, Part A schools in decisions about how these funds will be spent and will ensure that not less than ninety-five percent of the one percent reserved goes directly to the schools. The HTSD will be governed by the following statutory definition of parental involvement, and expects Title I schools in the district will carry out programs, activities, and procedures in accordance with this definition: Parental involvement means the participation of parents in regular, two-way, and meaningful communication involving pupil academic learning and other school activities, including ensuring- 1. That parents play an integral role in assisting their childâ€™s learning; 2. That parents are encouraged to be actively involved in their childâ€™s education at school; 3. That parents are full partners in their childâ€™s education and are included, as appropriate, in decision-making and on advisory committees to assist in the education of their child; and 4. The carrying out of other activities, such as those described in Section 1118 of the ESEA. In the event the State of New Jersey or the New Jersey Department of Education has a Parental Information and Resource Center, the school district will inform parents and parental organizations of its purpose and existence. The Shaner, Hess and Davies Schools, each served with Title I funds shall jointly develop with, and distribute to, parents of participating pupils, this parental involvement policy, agreed on by such parents, that shall describe the means for carrying out the requirements of No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001, Â§1119(a) through (f). Parents will be notified of this policy in an understandable and uniform format and, to the extent practicable, provided in a language the parents can understand. This policy shall be made available to the local community and updated periodically to meet the changing needs of parents and schools within the district. Below is a description of how the district will implement or accomplish each of the following components outlined below (Section 1118(a)(2), ESEA): 1. The district will take the following actions to involve parents in the joint development of its district-wide parental involvement plan under Section 1112 of the ESEA: a. Convene an annual meeting, at a convenient time, to which all parents of participating pupils shall be invited and encouraged to attend, to inform parents of their schoolâ€™s participation and the requirements of this Policy, and the right of the parents to be involved. b. Offer a flexible number of meetings ,such as meetings in the morning or evening, and may provide, with Title I funds, transportation, child care, or home visits, as such services relate to parental involvement. 2. HTSD will take the following action to involve parents in the process of school review and improvement under Section 1116 of the ESEA: a. Involve parents, in an organized, ongoing, and timely way, in the planning, review, and improvement of programs, including the planning, review, and improvement of the school parental involvement policy and the joint development of the school-wide program plan under NCLB, Â§1114(b)(2). 3. HTSD will provide the following necessary coordination, technical assistance, and other support to assist Title I, Part A schools in planning and implementing effective parental involvement activities to improve pupil academic achievement and school performance: a. timely information about programs required by NCLB, Â§1118. b. a description and explanation of the curriculum in use at the school, the forms of academic assessment used to measure student progress, and the proficiency levels students are expected to meet. c. if requested by parents, opportunities for regular meetings to formulate suggestions and to participate, as appropriate, in decisions relating to the education of their children, and respond to any such suggestion as soon as practicably possible. 4. HTSD will coordinate and integrate parental involvement strategies in Part A with parental involvement strategies under the following other programs: a. English Language Learner Program b. School to Parent Initiative c. Special Education Advisory Committees d. No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Planning Committee e. School-Based Principal Advisory Committee 5. HTSD will take the following actions to conduct, with the involvement of parents, an annual evaluation of the content and effectiveness of this Parental Involvement Policy in improving the quality of its Title I, Part A schools. The evaluation will include identifying barriers to greater participation by parents in parental involvement activities (with particular attention to parents who are economically disadvantaged, are disabled, have limited English proficiency, have limited literacy, or are of any racial or ethnic minority background). The school district will use the findings of the evaluation about its Parental Involvement Policy and activities to design strategies for more effective parental involvement, and to revise, if necessary (and with the involvement of parents) its parental involvement policies. a. An evaluation conducted through a parent survey and a school personnel survey, as well as through round-table discussions involving both parents and school personnel. b. Collaboration between the Title I Director, the English Language Learner Program Director, the Districtâ€™s School-to-Parent Initiative Facilitator, the Coordinator and the Building Principalâ€™s from all schools. c. Parents as active participants throughout the entire process. The Hamilton Township School District (HTSD) will build the schoolâ€™s and parentâ€™s capacity for strong parental involvement, in order to ensure effective involvement of parents and to support a partnership among the school involved, parents, and the community to improve pupil academic achievement, through the following activities specifically described below: 1. HTSD will, with the assistance of its Title I, Part A schools, provide assistance to parents of children served by the school district or school, as appropriate, in understanding topics such as the following, by undertaking the actions described below: â€¢ New Jerseyâ€™s academic content standards; â€¢ New Jerseyâ€™s pupil academic achievement standards; â€¢ The New Jersey and local academic assessments including alternate assessments; â€¢ The requirements of Part A; â€¢ How to monitor their childâ€™s progress; and â€¢ How to work with educators. Activities such as workshops, conferences, classes, both in-State and out-of-State, including any equipment or other materials that may be necessary to ensure success will be provided. 2. The school district will, with the assistance of its schools, provide materials and training to help parents work with their children to improve their childrenâ€™s academic achievement, such as literacy training, and using technology, as appropriate, to foster parental involvement, by: a. facilitating parental involvement meetings at least three times per year b. opening the schoolsâ€™ doors after-hours in collaboration with the Community Education Director in an effort to provide the parents access to technology c. providing educational workshops for the parents in regards to their childrenâ€™s education 3. The school district will, with the assistance of its schools and parents, educate its teachers, pupil services personnel, Principals and other staff in how to reach out to, communicate with, and work with parents as equal partners in the value and utility of contributions of parents, and in how to implement and coordinate parent programs and build ties between parents and schools, by: a. Proving in-house workshops b. Providing educational literature c. Conducting monthly school-based meetings facilitated by the building Basic Skills Coordinator d. Proving funding for out-of-district workshops 4. HTSD will, to the extent feasible and appropriate, coordinate and integrate parental involvement programs and activities with Head Start, Reading First, Early Reading First, Even Start, Home Instruction Programs for Preschool Youngsters, the Parents as Teachers Program, and public preschool and other programs, and conduct other activities, such as parent resource centers, that encourage and support parents in fully participating in the education of their children, by: a. Including parents in school-based activities such as but not limited to: Open House, Back to School Night, American Education Week, Parent-Teacher Conferences and special school celebrations. 5. HTSD will take the following actions to ensure that information related to the school and parent programs, meetings, and other activities, is sent to the parents of participating children in an understandable and uniform format, including alternative formats upon request, and, to the extent practicable, in a language the parents can understand: a. Mailing the policy to the homes of the students b. Posting the policy on the district web-site c. Placing it on the informational parent table in each school d. Discussing it at appropriate school related functions (Back to School Night, Title One Meetings, Principal Advisory Meeting, etc.) 1. May provide necessary literacy training from Title I funds if the school district has exhausted all other reasonably available sources of funding for such training; 2. May pay reasonable and necessary expenses associated with local parental involvement activities, including transportation and child care costs, to enable parents to participate in school-related meetings and training sessions; 3. May train parents to enhance the involvement of other parents; 4. May arrange school meetings at a variety of times, or conduct in-home conferences between teachers or other educators, who work directly with participating children, with parents who are unable to attend those conferences at school, in order to maximize parental involvement and participation; 5. May adopt and implement model approaches to improving parental involvement; 6. May establish a district-wide parent advisory council to provide advice on all matters related to parental involvement in Title I programs; 7. May develop appropriate roles for community-based organizations and businesses in parental involvement activities; and 8. Shall provide such other reasonable support for parental involvement activities under this Policy as parents may request. This District-Wide Parental Involvement Policy has been developed jointly, and agreed on with parents of children participating in Title I, Part A programs. This Policy will be distributed to all parents of participating Title I, Part A children in an understandable and uniform format and, to the extent practicable, in a language the parents understand, at the beginning of each school year or when the child is determined eligible and begins participating in Title I, Part A programs. United States Department of Education Non-Regulatory Guidance â€“ Appendix D- District-Wide Parental Involvement Policy Adopted: 3 Feb 2004 Revised: 15 Dec 2009 Revised: 20 Jan 2010 Revised: 1March 2011 © 2011Strauss Esmay Associates, LLP 1886 Hinds Road, Suite 1, Toms River, NJ 08753 ph: (732)255-1500 fax: (732)255-1502	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29065
__label__wiki	0.519784	0.519784	The artist discusses the sculptural elements in his photographic work 'December Water'. A triptych of three framed photographic images, ‘December Water' (1976) shows a section of running water in a snow covered landscape. John Hilliard, 'December Water' (1976) Image courtesy of Leeds Museums & Galleries (Art Gallery) and the artist © John Hilliard All the images are taken from a fixed viewpoint and have a very shallow depth of field. However, the camera is focused differently in each one so that it captures distinct aspects of the same scene and of water as an element. The first image concentrates on the extreme foreground, picking out the bubbling stream; the second on the midground, showing the crystalline snow; and the third is focused on the background, capturing the thick, freezing mist. John Hilliard (b. 1945) started to use photography in the 1960s and early 1970s as a means of documenting his sculptural practice, which focused on temporary installations and performative events. By the mid-1970s he was experimenting with photography as an art form in its own right. In photographic works such as ‘December Water' he retains sculptural elements: he constructs the photographic images in a logical, modular fashion and uses them to articulate space and to explore the physical attributes of his subject matter. John Hillard, interviewed by Victoria Worsley, for the National Life Stories project Artists' Lives Video credit: The British Library Board John Hilliard from The Henry Moore Foundation on Vimeo. 25 Oct 2019 – 23 Feb 2020 Exhibition in Galleries 1, 2, 3 and 4 and the Upper Sculpture Study Gallery, Leeds Art Gallery Family workshop: Decorative Forms 10am - 12pm and 1 - 3pm in the Institute's seminar room Search the Sculpture Research Library catalogue Please select - Archive of Sculptors' Papers - Sculpture Research Library	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29071
__label__wiki	0.975271	0.975271	Business-Managed Democracy “Business-managed democracies are those in which the political and cultural arrangements are managed in the interests of business” Sharon Beder Wise Use Movement SLAPPs Market Primacy Substitutability Consensus vs Change Institutionalisation Government Funds Canvassing Revolving Door Free Market Env. Multiple Use Trade Agenda Corp's in Class Standards/Tests Wealth as Virtue Business-Managed Democracy »Environment » Environmentalists » Funding » WWF Australia Business-Managed Environment WWF Australia and Government » Government Funds » WWF Today WWF Australia claims to be "the largest conservation organisation in Australia, with more than 80,000 financial supporters". WWF Australia is part of the World Wide Fund for Nature/World Wildlife Fund or WWF family. Reference: Clive Hamilton and Andrew Macintosh, Taming the Panda: The Relationship between WWF Australia and the Howard Government , Discussion Paper no. 68, The Australia Institute, July 2004, p. 4. Although WWF Australia operates as a separate legal entity, WWF Internatonal sets its policy direction and coordinates the activities of the various national WWF offices. Reference: ‘Our Missions & Goals’, WWF Australia, accessed July 2014. WWF claims to be "global, independent, multicultural and non party political". It seeks dialogue and avoids unnecessary confrontation and strives to "to build partnerships with other organisations, governments, business and local communities to enhance WWF's effectiveness". WWF Australia engages in both program delivery and public advocacy/policy work and it is often dependent on government grants for its program delivery work. Reference: Clive Hamilton and Andrew Macintosh, Taming the Panda: The Relationship between WWF Australia and the Howard Government , Discussion Paper no. 68, The Australia Institute, July 2004, p. 10. After the conservative Howard Government was elected in 1996 grants to other major environmental groups that were critical of the government were cut but those for WWF rapidly increased (see graph below). It received over $15 million between 1996 to 2003 in government grants. Source: Clive Hamilton and Andrew Macintosh, Taming the Panda: The Relationship between WWF Australia and the Howard Government , Discussion Paper no. 68, The Australia Institute, July 2004, p. 12. Reference: Clive Hamilton and Andrew Macintosh, Taming the Panda: The Relationship between WWF Australia and the Howard Government , Discussion Paper no. 68, The Australia Institute, July 2004, pp. 4, 7. Much of this increase in funding came after 1999 when WWF supported the governments Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) while other environmental groups opposed it. Although the Australian Conservation Foundation (ACF), The Wilderness Society (TWS) and Greenpeace described the legislation as 'environmentally irresponsible', WWF described it as "the biggest win for the Australian environment in 25 years" and boasted of as the "successsful culmination of years of advocacy" by WWF in a large advertisement in the Weekend Australian newspaper (pictured). Following the passing of the act members of groups supporting it, including WWF were appointed to government advisory committees and awarded a contract to disseminate infomation about it. Similarly WWF supported Heritage Bills in 2003 that were opposed by ACF and TWS as being inadequate and afterwards WWF experts were appointed to the Australian Heritage Council. Reference: Clive Hamilton and Andrew Macintosh, Taming the Panda: The Relationship between WWF Australia and the Howard Government , Discussion Paper no. 68, The Australia Institute, July 2004, pp. viii, ix, 13. During the tenure of the Howard Government, WWF Australia's comments were "almost uniformly favourable, and often highly complimentary", to the government, even at times when other environmental groups were highly critical of the government, which was often. In addition WWF Australia gave the government "several awards for its environmental achievements". Reference: Clive Hamilton and Andrew Macintosh, Taming the Panda: The Relationship between WWF Australia and the Howard Government , Discussion Paper no. 68, The Australia Institute, July 2004, p. ix. In turn, the Howard government frequently cited the WWF in support of its policies and as endorsement for its environmental credentials. Between 1996 and 2004 more than 64 press releases from enviornment ministers mentioned WWF in either a neutral or positive way. A study by The Australia Institute concluded: The weight of available evidence, although much of it circumstantial, suggests that there are strong grounds for questioning whether WWF Australia can legitimately continue to describe itself as independent. The loss of independence is of considerable importance as it undermines WWF Australia's role in public debates about Government policy and raises questions about whether it has misled its supporters and the general public... In addition, [the Howard government] appears to have used public funding in its attempt to influence the actions of an NGO. WWF Australia Today Reference: ‘Working Together: Annual & Sustainability Report 2013 ’, WWF Australia, Sydney, 2013, pp. 25, 38-9. Today WWF gets very little of its funding from governent. In 2013 WWF Australia had more than 90,000 individual donors and also received funds from a number of foundations, bequests and grants. Its total income was $27 million and it had assets of over $7.5 million. It spent almost $11 million on fundraising which included "a focussed acquisition campaign which attracted over 40,000 new financial supporters during the year" indicating a high turnover in supporters. Source: ‘Working Together: Annual & Sustainability Report 2013 ’, WWF Australia, Sydney, 2013, p. 40. 'World Wide Fund for Nature', Wikipedia See also: Funding \| WWF \| Business Donations \| Foundation Grants \| NRDC \| Government Funding \| Canvassing See also: WWF and Business See also: WWF Certifications © 2017 Sharon Beder http://www.herinst.org/BusinessManagedDemocracy/environment/environmentalists/WWF.html	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29072
__label__wiki	0.52367	0.52367	The Global Spread of Drones [Download Here] A Case Study in Israel’s Worldwide Role in Repression Since the initial publication of “Israel’s Worldwide Role in Repression,” members of the International Jewish Anti-Zionist Network have continued to research the specific role that Israel plays in contributing to global repression, and exposing this information to as broad an audience as possible. In that vein, this piece was written as a case study, documenting one prominent Israeli-developed technology that is increasingly influential in global war, policing and surveillance. Download “Israel’s Worldwide Role in Repression” in English, Spanish, French or Italian at www.israelglobalrepression.wordpress.com Download the full pamphlet here: The Global Spread of Drones At the center of this growing global industry is Israel, which first used drones on a large scale during its 1982 invasion of Lebanon, uses drones to maintain its occupation and siege of Gaza, and is the leader in global drones exports, reaping billions in profits. While the world rightly focuses on the overtly militaristic and assassination use of drones by the US in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Yemen and elsewhere, Israel has a largely unknown role in developing the technology behind drones. Israel makes great profits from drones as part of a larger “homeland security” industry, and uses Palestinians as test subjects to sell repressive technologies and ideology around the world. As Israel continues to colonize and occupy Palestine – with the full backing of the U.S. government – it searches for ever more powerful ways to control Palestinian life, continuously developing new tools and technology. Palestinians bear the initial brunt of these weapons and “homeland security” practices, but as Israel develops these tools, it exports them for profit. Drones, or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), are an Israeli-developed technology that acts as one component in a larger network of military and surveillance technologies and strategies. Israel is the single largest exporter of drone technology in the world – 40% of drone technology originates in Israel. Category: Israel's Worldwide Role in Repression, RESOURCES	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29074
__label__cc	0.628702	0.371298	the3h \| glomc00 \| ilmeps \| mawdesigns \| anasmark \| ilmeds \| read \| contact \| the3h - Hum Hain Hindustani Topic: agriculture & rural development \| authors \| business & finance \| design \| economy \| education \| entrepreneurship & innovation \| environment \| general \| healthcare \| human resources \| nonprofit \| people \| policy & governance \| reviews \| science & technology \| university research Date: 2013 \| 2014 \| 2015 \| 2016 \| 2017 \| jan'18 \| feb'18 \| mar'18 \| apr'18 \| may'18 \| jun'18 \| jul'18 \| aug'18 \| sep'18 \| oct'18 \| nov'18 \| dec'18 \| jan'19 \| feb'19 \| mar'19 \| apr'19 \| may'19 \| jun'19 \| jul'19 \| aug'19 \| sep'19 \| oct'19 \| nov'19 \| dec'19 Indian higher education is withering on the vine \| Times Higher Education, 13 jan 2020 Healthcare In India needs deep Introspection; innovations and technology will be key drivers \| Devdiscourse, 13 jan 2020 NRI doctors from US to support rural healthcare \| The Hindu, 13 jan 2020 Is the Indian economy headed for a middle-income trap? \| Quartz, 13 jan 2020 Education is the first step towards an inclusive India \| The Sunday Guardian, 11 jan 2020 It isn't just this year - India's economy is going to be stuck in a jam for a while \| Scroll.in, 11 jan 2020 'Developing culture of manufacturing can drive Make in India' \| The Hindu, 11 jan 2020 Union Budget 2020: Five Expectations from the Government Regarding Education Sector \| DATAQUEST, 10 jan 2020 Can financial incentives equalize access to India's healthcare? \| Phys.org, 10 jan 2020 Artificial intelligence in agriculture market to reach $2.9 billion by 2025 \| Rural Marketing, 09 jan 2020 Mohammad Anas Wahaj \| 25 jul 2019 According to the online research by Booking.com, 59% of youth surveyed want to give back to society as part of their travel experience. This is almost double the global average (31% of Gen Z) that want to volunteer while travelling. Report surveyed 21807 respondents of 16 years or above in 29 markets with about 1000 from each country. 71% of Gen Z travellers consider volunteering as enhancement to their trip's authenticity - more interaction with local people and making a difference. Sustainability travel is also on the rise with care for environment at the top of traveller's mind. Ritu Mehrotra, country manager India at Booking.com, says, 'Over 71% of all travellers want to reduce their carbon footprint by limiting the distance travelled. This number increases further among the Gen Z to 76% as they want to use more environmentally-friendly transport, walking or biking, during the holidays.' Read on... Devdiscourse: More youth want to volunteer while travelling: Report Author: NA Even though India has achieved success consistently in agriculture sector through policy and reforms, but there is still a lot to be desired. Farmer suicides and droughts become headline news from time to time. Ken Ash, Director of Trade & Agriculture at OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), and Silvia Sorescu, Policy Analyst at OECD, provides an overview of India's state of agriculture and what needs to be done to tap opportunities. According to them, many smallholders have not been able to exploit the opportunities opening up to them; they remain hampered by low productivity, an under-developed food processing and retail sector, and water and environmental degradation. They explain that India faces 'triple challenge' in the agricultural sector similar to other countries - delivering safe and nutritious food to a growing population at affordable prices; providing a livelihood for farmers and others in the food chain; and overcoming severe resource and climate pressures. According to the OECD and the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) report in the Agricultural Policies in India 2018 study and the 2019 OECD Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation, India's domestic and trade policies (like restrictions due to agri-marketing regulations, export restrictions, huge farm subsidies for farm inputs etc) have combined to reduce Indian farm revenue by an estimated 5.7% in the past three years. Moreover, funding for public services - such as physical infrastructure, inspection, research & development, and education and skills - that are essential to enable the long-term productivity and sustainability of the sector has not kept pace. India can draw lessons from Ashok Gulati's analysis of farm policy developments in China, and also from EU's (European Union) agricultural policy reform experiences. Persistence is critical for the success in the sector. Electronic National Agricultural Market (eNAM), the 2017 marketing model act, and the recently implemented direct cash transfers scheme to small-scale farmers, are steps in the right direction. Authors suggest, 'Scarce financial resources should be directed towards investment in public services that enable a productive, sustainable, and resilient food and agriculture sector. Doing so would require strengthening the institutional framework; eliminating duplication and fragmentation is a pre-requisite to ensuring coherent policy packages are developed and consistently implemented. Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and addressing the 'triple challenge' will require new policy directions in India, as elsewhere.' Read on... Financial Express: Opportunity knocks for Indian agriculture Authors: Ken Ash, Silvia Sorescu the3h \| glomc00 \| ilmeps \| mawdesigns \| anasmark \| ilmeds \| read \| contact ©2019, ilmeps	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29076
__label__cc	0.504845	0.495155	Migizi Pensoneau: Sen. Tester betrays our people on Keystone (November 28, 2014) The outgoing chairman of the Senate Indian Affairs Committee voted for a bill to authorize the controversial pipeline. Al Jazeera: NMAI highlights jewelry of talented Navajo family (November 28, 2014) The 'Glittering World' exhibit features the works of the Yazzies. North Dakota tribe puts oil refinery on pause to review plans (November 28, 2014) The tribe has spent more than 10 years on the $450 million project. House to consider bill to reauthorize Indian housing programs (November 28, 2014) H.R.4329 extends the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act. First Nations Development Institute awards grants to colleges (November 28, 2014) The Northwest Indian College and Chief Dull Knife College each received $90,000. Hechinger Report: Tribal colleges see lower graduation rates (November 28, 2014) Fewer students graduate from tribal colleges than Native students at non-tribal institutions. Ned Blackhawk: Remembering the Sand Creek Massacre of 1864 (November 28, 2014) In terms of sheer horror, few events matched Sand Creek. Native women ask city in New York to find new name for park (November 28, 2014) Council members said they are open to the proposal. African-American lawmakers seek probe into Pamunkey Tribe (November 28, 2014) The tribe's chief said the marriage law being questioned was repealed in 2012. Dina Gilio-Whitaker: Native Hawaiians work toward sovereignty (November 28, 2014) Explores the fight for Native Hawaiian sovereignty. Steven Newcomb: Leadership and the liberation of our nations (November 28, 2014) Elected Indian leaders and their experts have not truly understood the subtlety of language and its reality-constructing nature. Elizabeth Cook-Lynn: Indian children exploited for fundraisers (November 28, 2014) With sorrow, we acknowledged that making money using Indians as pitiful, poverty stricken and helpless people has been a profitable endeavor for non-Indian institutions. Larson Slade Associates - larsonslade.com ads@blueearthmarketing.com \| 712.224.5420 Previous: November 26, 2014 Next: December 1, 2014	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29079
__label__wiki	0.765764	0.765764	Rector and vice rectors The University in Figures Accreditation and Quality Assurance Domestic conferences Projects at national level Projects funded by nafosted Projects at ministry and province levels Projects at basic level Contracts about scientific services or technology transfers Applied technologies and techmart products Laboratories and research centers Science and technology awards and prizes Publications in ISI/SCOPUS journals Publications in other international journals Publications in domestic journals Publications in proceedings of international conferences Publications in proceedings of domestic conferences Rules, regulations and related documents Faculty of Physics / Overview Dean: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ngac An Bang Email: ngacanbang@hus.edu.vn Tel: + 84 4 3558 3980 Website: http://physics.hus.vnu.edu.vn/ The Faculty of Physics (FoP) was established in 1956, with the task of training Physics researchers and lecturers. Throughout 60 years of establishment and development, the FoP has always been the leading national institution in training highly skilled professionals in Physics and Physics related areas at undergraduate and post-graduate levels in terms of both quality and quantity. More than 4500 Bachelor students, 150 Ph.D. students, and 1200 M.Sc. students have graduated from the FoP. The FoP members conduct various specialized Physics researches in many modern physics sub-disciplines. Staff members (2016): The FoP has a total of 90 staff members with 06 Professors and 15 Associate Professors. Students (2016): Undergraduate: Full time: 603, Talented/Advanced Programs: 290, Post-graduate: MSc: 56, PhD: 73. Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics. Department of Solid State Physics. Department of Radiophysics and Electronics. Department of Nuclear Physics. Department of Low Temperature Physics. Department of Geophysics. Department of Quantum Optics. Department of General Physics. Department of Computational Physics. Laboratory for Computational Materials Science. Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Cosmology. VNU Key Laboratory for Multiscale simulations of Complex Systems. Center for Materials Science. Scientific Papers (the last 03 years): 106 publications in ISI-index International Journal in 2013, 90 publications in 2014 and 85 publictions in 2015. Research projects: 70 in the academic years 2013-2016 (with 12 projects from National Foundation for Science and Technology Development). 02 VNU Advanced Research Groups and 01 VNU Key Laboratory. The Labour Orders, Second Class (2003) and Third Class (1998), awarded to the FoP by the State. Seven Deparments and 19 individuals of the FoP were also awarded the State Labour Orders over the years. Vietnam National Scientific and Technology Prize in 2005 and 2016 awarded by the State. Faculty of Physics News - Announcement Home \| About HUS \| Admission \| Education \| Research \| International \| Faculty & Staff \| Students \| Site map TEL (84) 0243-8584615 / 8581419 FAX (84) 0243-8583061	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29087
__label__wiki	0.699877	0.699877	Somerville Teen Can Post Bail In Otis Rape Case Staff Reports 08:53PM / Friday August 30, 2013 Updated Friday, September 6, 2013. PITTSFIELD, Mass. — One of three Somerville students accused of raping a teen with a broom in Otis has the right to post bail. Central Berkshire District Court Judge Frederic Rutberg denied a petition on Friday calling for Galileo Mondol, 17,to be held without bail. Mondol is now being held on $100,000 cash or $1 million surety bail. If he posts bail, he is ordered not to have any contact either direct or indirect with any of the victims or witnesses, he be not able to attend Somerville High School and must abide by an 11 p.m. curfew. Mondol has previously pleaded not guilty to three counts of assault and battery by means of a dangerous weapon, three counts of intimation of a witness, two counts of assault with intent to rape a child under 16 and single counts of aggravated rape of a child under 16 and indecent assault and battery on a person who has attained 14 years of age. He is scheduled for a pre-trial conference in Southern Berkshire District Court in Great Barrington on Oct. 3 Mondol is accused of entering the cabin of freshman students at Camp Lenox in Otis and assaulting three male victims. Updated Tuesday, September 3, 2013. PITTSFIELD, Mass. - A Somerville High School student pled not guilty in Central Berkshire District Court Tuesday on allegations that he and two others raped younger students at Camp Lenox in Otis. Galileo Mondol, 17, had not guilty pleas entered on his behalf on three counts of intimidation of a witness, three counts of assault and battery by means of a dangerous weapon, two counts of assault with intent to rape a child under the age of 16 and single counts of aggravated rape of a child under the age of 16 and indecent assault and battery on a child who has attained 14 years of age. Mondol was attending the camp as part of a school program for team-building activities for the fall sports teams. On Sunday August, 25, Mondol is accused of going into a cabin occupied by freshman students and sexually assaulting three youths. Mondol is one of three students facing charges; the other two are juveniles and their names have not been released. Judge Philip Beattie ordered that he be held at the Berkshire County House of Correction on $100,000 cash or $1 million surety bail. Mondol is expected back in court on Friday for a dangerousness hearing. According to the Boston Globe, prosecutors say the three varsity soccer players went into the cabin and raped one freshman with a broom. Two other students were able to fight off the attacks but were still sexually assaulted. However, Mondol's attorney, William Korman says the students tried to end the assaults. PITTSFIELD, Mass. — Three Somerville high school juniors have been arrested by state police in connection with a sexual assault in Otis over the weekend. Galileo Mondol, 17, and two 16-year-old boys were arrested on Friday by state police assigned to the Berkshire district attorney's office. District Attorney David F. Capeless said the assault occurred at Camp Lenox, which the city of Somerville had rented as a facility for team-building for its fall sports teams at Somerville High School. The teens are reportedly members of the varsity soccer team. The defendants allegedly entered a cabin occupied by freshman on Sunday, Aug. 25, and assaulted three victims. Mondol is being charged with single counts of aggravated rape of a child under 16 and indecent assault and battery on a person who has attained 14 years of age; two counts of assault with intent to rape a child under 16 and three counts of each of assault and battery with a dangerous weapon and intimidation of a witness. He is being held on $100,000 cash or $1 million surety bail pending arraignment Tuesday in Central Berkshire District Court. Capeless said the juveniles, whose names are being withheld at this point because of their age, will be arraigned in Berkshire Juvenile Court on similar charges. The investigation is being conducted by state police assigned to the Berkshire and Middlesex district attorneys office and the Somerville Police Department. According to Boston.com, school officials were apprised of the incident on Tuesday and contacted police. School Superintendent Tony Pierantozzi told media at news conference in Somerville that 161 athletes and 19 adult supervisors were at the camp. Pierantozzi, High School Headmaster John J. Oteri and Somerville Mayor Joseph Curtatone, in a joint statement, thanked the Berkshire DA's office and state police for "their speed and diligence" in the investigation. "We will continue to provide any resources and information the district attorney's office requires as this investigation continues. Right now we are focused on continuing to provide the support services to students, parents and our community needed for Somerville to come together and heal." Capeless, in a statement, said the Somerville school authorities and coaches "acted quickly and appropriately when they became aware of these allegations" and he thanked Somerville Police and others for their cooperation and assistance. Camp Lenox is privately run residential summer camp for boys and girls that offers sports, outdoors activities and arts. It's been in operation for more than 90 years. It rents the facility before and after the 8-week summer program. Thousands Without Power in Neighboring Counties Our neighbors east of the Berkshires were hard hit by last night's severe thunderstorms. Thousands were left without power and Western Massachusetts Electric Co. says that 31,000 customers were still out at 10:30 this morning. It may take several days until all customers are fully restored. Officials say they have engaged the help of contractor and neighboring utility crews to assist with damage assessment, clean up and restoration efforts, after overnight winds, heavy rain and lightning caused extensive damage in WMECo's service territory. Hardest hit towns include: Amherst, Bernardston, Buckland, Deerfield, Easthampton, Gill, Greenfield, Hadley, Hatfield, Montague, Shelburne and Springfield. Currently there are more than 440 trouble spots. In Berkshire County, about a 100 customers are still affected in Becket, Lanesborough, Otis, Sandisfield and Tyringham. The storm blew through North Berkshire around 11 p.m. on Wednesday. National Grid was also reporting a large number of outages in Central Mass. Gov. Deval Patrick was visiting Turners Falls this afternoon to view the damage. Because of the large number of road closures, WMECo plans to use a helicopter patrol over Franklin and Hampshire counties to better assess the amount of damage to its distribution system. WMECo said it continues to evaluate the extent of damage; at this time restoration times are not available. In terms of numbers of customers affected, WMECo said early indications show that this storm's impact is comparable to the December 2008 ice storm. The utility is reminding people not to go anywhere near downed wires and report them immediately by calling 911 or WMECo at 1-800-286-2000. Don't operate generators indoors and make sure they are installed by a licensed electrician. For more information, go to the Storm Center. You can also follow their Twitter feed. Tags: storm, power outage Crime Watch Buglaries Pedestrians Drug Charges Hit & Run Injuries Robbery Police Investigation Mvi Motorcycles Break-ins Assault Murder Accident Fire Drugs Rape Stabbing Missing Persons Structure Fire Heroin Larceny Motor Vehicle Search Veremko Firearms Fatal Shooting Search & Rescue Motor Vehicle Accident Assaults Homicide Fraud Armed Robbery Vehicle	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29088
__label__cc	0.743889	0.256111	Elsewhere For Tiki Month: Basi.. An Interview With Ed Hamilton, US Importer of Lemo... SideBlog: Fassionola An Interview With Ed Hamilton, US Importer of Lemon Hart 151, Among Others Tiki Month 2012 Rum Once upon a time, there was a sailor. For twenty years he voyaged around the Caribbean as the winds took him. Living on an anchor, he saw an awful lot of the world, and from a very different perspective than you and I. And as a man is wont to do, when afloat on the seas of experience, he took time for introspection. And since such men are likely to deepen their thoughts with whatever spirit others around him enjoy, this man found himself awash in the mysteries of the spirit of the Caribbean, rum. The man found that rum wasn’t just a useful aid in processing his experiences into wisdom, but that wisdom of rum was a wondrous thing in and of itself. And his wisdom grew…. The sailor’s name is Ed Hamilton, and when his life’s journey at last carried him to the shore, his knowledge and love of rum took him there. Now Ed is a spirits consultant and an importer of various rums and complementary products. He also is the proprietor of one of the premier repositories of rum wisdom, The Ministry of Rum. In the last two years, Ed has taken on a great task, one that makes him important to many cocktail lovers in America, whether they know him or not. And it is why I want to tell his story here during Tiki Month. You see, there is a magical elixir, utterly unique in the rum world. It is an essential ingredient in the drink that made the Tiki revolution happen back in the past. This ingredient is Lemon Hart 151 rum. For most people, 151 proof rums are rocket fuel, in taste as well as potency. If they think of such rums at all, they view them as Everclear with a Caribbean accent. But Lemon Hart is a rich, flavorful rum in the demerara vein, very pleasant to nose, and not quite impossible to sip… while still being quite capable of getting your jet off the ground. This combination of complex flavors and (somewhat) hidden potency makes Lemon Hart 151 an iconic Tiki drink ingredient, reflecting the characteristics of such standard concoctions as the Zombie, which are also delicious and deceptively powerful. But as a brand navigating the cold open oceans of the international liquor business, Lemon Hart was, and is, but a small ketch. Since the heyday of both it and Tiki, it has been kicked around from one owner to another until it landed in the portfolio of Pernod, which eventually dropped the brand to concentrate on such products as the Malibu Coconut Rums. (Ed stands behind no man in his admiration of Malibu. Really. Just ask him….) At last, Pernod found a buyer in Montreal-based distillers, Mosaiq, makers purveyors of Flor de Cana, among many other types and brands of liquor. Mosaiq searched for the right man to bring Lemon Hart back to the US market, and through the Ministry of Rum, they found our sailor. Since then, Ed has been laboring to work this funky product back into our market. Since his efforts are responsible for my now having a good supply of Lemon Hart 151, and I’ll be featuring it several times this Tiki Month, I called Ed to ask him about Lemon Hart, and other things. In the photo above, you see two bottles, both Lemon Hart 151. The one on the left is the classic label that Lemon Hart aficionados were used too. It is readily distinguished form the old Lemon Hart 80 only in the little red corner on the upper left that says “151”. The design, while iconic to those who know the product, is frankly dated and has a tired, 70’s look to it. It is also the label that buyers saw when we excitedly bought our first bottles when Ed brought back Lemon Hart to the States. Now, the bottle looks like the one on the right. It combines such modern tech as embossing and gilt lettering, with an ancient, pre-colonial design that probably does a better job conveying the sort of spirit that is in the bottle. But it is radically different looking. I wanted to know what was up, as did a whole bunch of fans. It turns out, so did Ed. The first bottles sold in the US upon the spirit’s return were leftovers from Pernod’s old inventory, which Ed bought lock, stock, and barrel. With that gone, he started obtaining the newly produced stuff. Mosaiq, he told me, had elected to change the production stream for Lemon Hart. It is and was distilled in Guyana. But whereas it used to be blended, colored, and bottled in Ontario, it is now blended and colored in Guyana, before being bottled in Newfoundland, in the same place that makes bottles Crystal Head Vodka. Any time a liquor changes its production chain, some alteration in the product is almost inevitable. In some cases, the change can be so great as to make it an entirely new product. Ed told me that Zaya is a recent example, and that it has happened more than once with products in the Matusalem line. So he was itchy about what would happen with this product in which he has invested so much of his time, credit, and prestige. He was especially antsy when they told him it was going to be “better”. “Listen, you or I don’t get to say whether it is ‘better’ or not,” he told them. “The bartenders out there across the country, and their customers who know this spirit, will want to try the new version, and see if it works for the special uses they have for it. They will tell us if it is acceptable, let alone better.” Ed took a new bottle of the LH151 to San Francisco. He sat down with Martin Cate, rum god of Smuggler’s Cove (one of the single most entertaining bars of any kind I have ever entered), and one of those people who will likely be most responsible for deciding the whole “better” thing. They tasted the new against a bottle of the old. They videotaped their discussion, and you can watch them evaluate the new versus the old yourself. That video is not a marketing exercise designed to puff up expectations about the product, but two old pros really trying to evaluate whether a new version of a tool is still going to be good for the job it in which it is to be used. The bottom line, if you don’t want to watch the whole thing, is that both men feel that Mosaiq has managed to keep the character, aroma, and flavor of Lemon Hart 151 essentially intact. Whatever minor variances from the example bottle of the old stuff they compare it to are the sort you would expect anyway between runs of a small batch product like this. In the language of sailors everywhere, they didn’t f**k it up. Now, I had never had Lemon Hart’s 151 until Ed brought it back, but I was quite fond of the regular, 80-proof stuff. The 80 also stopped entering the US inventory stream at roughly the same time. Since stocks finally ran out, I have from time to time seen grumpy cocktail geeks fanatically trying to track down reported rumors of remaining bottles of LH80 as if they were shouting, “Hast thou seen the White Whale?” I asked Ed about the status of getting the 80 proof Lemon Hart back, and he confessed to having no good answer. Mosaiq does in fact make the 80, and sells it as far away as Germany, but has chosen not to offer it here for the time being. Buy lots of the 151, Americans, and perhaps they’ll get off the dime. So what should folks like me who have favorite recipes that use LH80 do to employ LH151 in its place, I asked Ed. While the 80 is supposedly nothing but the 151, more heavily diluted, he replied, it isn’t as simple as just pouring (just over) half a bottle of 151 into a new bottle and filling it up water. It takes time to add the water slowly, in steps, to allow the liquor to marry up and the flavors to remain balanced. The characteristics of the water would also matter. Bottom line is that if you want to sip good Lemon Hart 80 in the US, see if you can get the Kennedys to make themselves useful again and go back to bringing in hooch from Canada under cover of darkness. In an individual cocktail, you can get away with using less of the 151 than you would of the 80, and adding a little still water. In fact, Ed points out that this is likely to be considerably more economical than if you just bought the 80. In my own experiments with this LH80 cocktail, a favorite of ours before the dark days of its disappearance from shelves, I’ve found you get the best results from using a ratio of 2 parts LH151 to 1 part water to make up the required volume of LH80 in the original recipe. I’m willing to accept the hardship of a slightly higher alcohol content to reach the flavor I remember…. Lemon Hart 151 is available in close to half of US states now, including the big ones like Texas, New York, and California. Sorry, my fellow Ohioans, if we want it, we can mail order it or drive to Kentucky. I asked Ed what was his favorite Tiki cocktail that used the 151. He first noted that he actually isn’t a big cocktail guy at all, preferring to sip his rum neat to really appreciate the unique character of each. But he was quick to point out that in the case of Lemon Hart 151, this isn’t really practical, as sipping straight 75% ethanol is a short trip to a long night…. He makes plenty of Zombies, of course, though he has no set recipe. Instead he offers us this suggestion for a cocktail we may not have tried: A Lemon Hart 151 Old-Fashioned. He carefully pointed out that you do need to actually use some water in this version. His unspoken contention being an agreement with me, and David Wondrich, that real men, and real broads, don’t put no stinking soda water in Old-Fashioneds other than this one. To sweeten, he suggests using Petite Canne Sugar Cane Syrup, a rich, raw sugar syrup that brings a lot of character of its own. By the by, Petite Canne is imported by Carribean Spirits, Inc., Ed Hamilton, proprietor. Our Sailor is also a Salesman…. Talking rum with Ed is like drinking from a fire hose. I learned a helluva lot more about rum from him than I’ve been able to put in this post. I’ll try to share more as the opportunity presents itself during this and future Tiki Months. Should you want to learn more from Ed and his merry crew of rumophiles, I urge you to visit the Ministry of Rum, read the articles and explore the message forum. Thanks Ed, for the time and the hooch. demerara, Ed Hamilton, importing, lemon hart, mosaiq, Rum, tiki, zombie If people want LH80, there’s still some on the shelves in Seattle liquor stores. Admittedly, not helpful if you don’t live in the NW, but still useful information to some people. The only downside to LH151 being gussied up is that they’ve also raised the price. Admittedly, not a lot and it’s still a good value, but that’s what happens when a company suddenly realizes there’s significant demand for a product. Jordan(Quote) (Reply) jmgiii Purists will bristle, but I use El Dorado 12 y.o. Demerara (a/k/a ED12) in lieu of LH80. It is far more obtainable here than LH80 ever was, and not too steep in price ($25ish). Also, until such a day as LH151 is available in FL (yay, us…the largest state without LH 151) I use the ED12 in what Beachbum calls the “switcheroo” with recipes that call for, say, Puerto Rican rum and LH151 (for example, a 1950 Zombie). I use ED12 and Bacardi 151 and that works splendidly. P.S. Ostensibly, ED8 is a more accurate replacement for LH80, but all we have here in FL is ED5, ED12, ED15 and ED25. jmgiii(Quote) (Reply) I can’t vouch for the site, but here’s one place selling ED8 in America: http://www.winechateau.com/sku1593395_EL-DORADO-RUM-8-YEAR-OLD–DARK-750ML?utm_source=googlebase&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=El-Dorado-Rum-8-Year-Old–Dark I also use Eldo 12 as my usual LH80 replacement. It is readily available in Ohio, and it does have the basic demerara character, though I much prefer the Lemon Hart. I don’t think I’ve ever tried the 8, but I use a lot of the 3 (white) in my Infringements. Doug(Quote) (Reply) I’ve found that mixing the Eldo 5 & Eldo 12 is a good sub for the almost impossible to find Eldo 8. I use 2 parts Eldo 5 to 1 part Eldo 12. The results are delicious! Craig(Quote) (Reply) Doug, Did Ed happen to mention what type of water is best used to add to the LH 151? Soft, hard, distilled, etc?? He did not. I assumed still spring water. His main point was that whatever you did, it wasn’t going to end up LH80…. TIKI MONTH IS FEBRUARY! \| A Mountain Of Crushed Ice DJ HawaiianShirt I consider Ed Hamilton one of my liquor idols (tiki pun??), and I was lucky enough to meet him in December 2011 at the CSOWG’s Drink.Write event in Washington, DC. Not only that, but I was able to hang out and drink with him, also. Hell of a nice guy, real easy to talk to you, and will only turn on the rum knowledge and snobbery spigot unless you ask. He’s a class act. DJ HawaiianShirt(Quote) (Reply) Thanks for the reply Doug. yea, i talked Ed myself, and he pretty much said the same thing. I’m a fellow Ohioan, and it looks like I’m going to have to keep purchasing the good stuff by mail for the foreseeable future. Sigh……. What the Heck is Ooga-Mooga? \| The Pegu Blog Dsmon @ Let's Tiki Great post! I never got the full story behind LH151 coming back. Thanks! Dsmon @ Let’s Tiki(Quote) (Reply) Aloha, Tiki Month…. \| The Pegu Blog Habilitation Electrique Lyon AS the almost impossible to find Eldo 8 a substitute I’ve found that mixing the Eldo 5 & Eldo 12, I use 2 parts Eldo 5 to 1 part Eldo 12. The results are delicious! Try it! Habilitation Electrique Lyon(Quote) (Reply) Rums of The Mai-Kai: Hamilton rums from Guyana fill the Lemon Hart gap \| The AtomicGrog.com Blog but now it’s disappeared again, replaced by Hamilton 151 which is good, but it’s not the same. What happened? Bob(Quote) (Reply) Kim Guerrier I’m trying to find Lemon Hart 151 in Southern California but I’ve had no luck. Any suggestions? Kim Guerrier(Quote) (Reply)	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29096
__label__wiki	0.73084	0.73084	Listen to Miranda Lambert’s Buzzworthy New Song, “Tequila Does” by Jim Casey \| @TheJimCasey \| October 10, 2019 Cheers. Miranda Lambert has shared another new song, “Tequila Does,” from her upcoming seventh studio album, Wildcard, which drops on Nov. 1. Jack Ingram, Miranda Lambert and Jon Randall at the 53rd Academy of Country Music Awards; photo by Arroyo/O’Connor, AFF-USA.com Miranda co-penned the twangy, buzzworthy tune with Jon Randall and Jack Ingram, the same songwriting trio behind Miranda’s award-winning single, “Tin Man.” “‘Tequila Does’ is country,” says Miranda. “And country music makes me happy. No matter how rock or edgy or scorned you can get, when you come back to a country song with a steel guitar, it makes my soul feel like it’s on fire.” “Tequila Does” follows the release of the upcoming album’s lead single “It All Comes Out in the Wash,” “Locomotive,” “Mess With My Head,” “Bluebird,” “Way Too Pretty for Prison” and “Pretty Bitchin’.” Listen to “Tequila Does” below. written by Jim Casey \| @TheJimCasey \| published October 10, 2019 8:45 am category: NCD News \| related posts: Jack Ingram, Jon Randall, miranda lambert, Tequila Does, Wildcard	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29098
__label__cc	0.740514	0.259486	Pearl Condos Free Welding Classes 3D Scanning Technology Kingdom Kids Childcare Center Glenwood Welding & Fab Camp Alpha Economic Development‎ > ‎Business Incubator‎ > ‎ Minnewaska Area Business Incubator Minnewaska Area Business Incubator The Minnewaska Area Business Incubator is owned by the Klick Foundation and is comprised of a 4-acre tract of property next to the area that is being developed into the Industrial Park. Within that area are three buildings: the former David Ask building and two buildings that were once owned by Schmidt Construction. These buildings have been refurbished and the current Minnewaska Area Incubator offers: Incubator Office and Board Room; Emergency Bay Area (4,000 square feet of industrial space); Office space for Service start-up (9 offices total); Manufacturing start-up (4,100 square feet of industrial/manufacturing space); and Manufacturing start-up (2,000 square feet of industrial, with possible room for expansion). The Minnewaska Area Incubator currently has two businesses located within it: Glenwood Welding and Fabrication HealthCare Anytime - MN Remote Office Additional space is available for software start-ups and manufacturing businesses. If an incubator project is approved, additional space may be utilized and built to accommodate the business(es). The area also has additional offices for use by interns from the University of Minnesota School of Science and Engineering and/or the University of Minnesota Carlson School of Management. Copyright 2019 - The Klick Foundation	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29099
__label__wiki	0.633367	0.633367	"Kealoha is an inspiration to the people of Hawai`i and is a leading force in promoting literacy and creative expression." --Governor Neil Abercrombie Click on the boxes below to see video of Kealoha. If the videos take too long to load on this page, you can view most of them directly on the KealohaPoetry YouTube channel by clicking here. The promotional video for Kealoha's latest work, a 1.5 hour touring theatre production called "The Story of Everything (TSOE)." TSOE premiered in 2015, and it is a creation story (in epic poem format) that traces our origins from the big bang to now using science, poetry, storytelling, movement, music, visual art, and chanting. 2010 Na Hoku Hanohano Awards Opening Performance A multigenre, multimedia collaboration that opened up the 2010 Na Hoku Hanohano Awards Show (Hawai`i's Grammys). Featuring O'Brian Eselu, Na Pualei O Likolehua, Halau Na Mamo O Pu'uanahulu, Keali`i Reichel, Kaumakaiwa Kanaka`ole, Anuhea, Mailani, Natalie Ai Kamauu, Amy Hanaiali`i, Jake Shimabukuro, Henry Kapono, John Cruz, and Kealoha. All English lyrics composed by Kealoha. "Recess" - Live at HawaiiSlam's First Thursdays Performed live for HawaiiSlam's First Thursdays, held at Fresh Cafe on February 4th, 2010. HawaiiSlam is the largest registered poetry slam in the world. "Dichotomy" - With Makana (Slack Key Virtuoso) Dichotomy (Hawaiian in the 21st Century). A collaboration between Kealoha and Makana (Guitar Virtuoso). Performed live at the legendary Monarch Room to open the Hawai`i Writers Conference on October 2nd, 2009. "Chances" - Live at the Green Mill Performed live during a feature at Chicago's Green Mill Lounge (the birthplace of slam poetry) on August 10th, 2008. "Ka Leo O Ka Manu" - With Henry Kapono, Mick Fleetwood (from Fleetwood Mac), and the Wild Hawaiian Band Performed live at the Na Hoku Hanohano Awards Ceremony 2010. Music and Hawaiian lyics composed by Henry Kapono, English lyrics by Kealoha. "Zoom Out" - Live at the HawaiiSlam Grand Slam Finals Performed live during the HawaiiSlam Grand Slam Finals on April 1st, 2010. "Zoom Out" takes an existential look at the way we live our lives. "The Poetry of Us" at TedxManoa Performed live for TEDxMANOA, held at the University of Hawai`i on October 5th, 2012. TEDx is an independently organized event that features ideas worth spreading. This talk by Kealoha draws a parallel between the Kumulipo (Hawai`i's traditional creation chant) and modern Evolution Theory. The piece features a collaboration between Kealoha, Taimane Gardner, Jazzy Jazz, and Nia.Robertson starting at minute 8:09 "You Can't Fool The Youth" - Hawai`i State Department of Health PSA You Can't Fool the Youth. A PSA from the Hawaii State Department of Health. Featuring Kealoha, Ittai Wong, Alaka`i Kotrys, Mari Turk, Alex Lum, and Kelly Aldinger. Written by Kealoha. "11 For 2011" - `Aha`i `Olelo Ola, Hawaiian Language News `Aha`i `Olelo Ola is a daily segment on Hawai`i News Now, and is broadcast in the Hawaiian language. The "11 For 2011" series features young and ambitious individuals from the Hawaiian community. This segment focuses on Kealoha. "Together Hawai`i" Official Music Video _In 2011, some of Hawai`i's top vocalists came together to create a song for Japan after a devastating earthquake and tsunami. Features Amy Hanaiali`i, Henry Kapono, ManoaDNA, Mailani, Raiatea Helm, Sean Na`auao, Robi Kahakalau, Chino Montero, Kealoha, and Steve Jones. Produced by Mountain Apple Company. "Science Poetry Life" on TEDxHONOLULU _Performed live for TEDxHONOLULU, held at the Honolulu Design Center on November 1st, 2011. TEDx is an independently organized event that features ideas worth spreading. This talk by Kealoha urges the need for scientists and artists to infiltrate pop culture entertainment with science, and features a clean version of his "Zoom Out" poem starting at minute 5:43. Curators of Hip-Hop 2010 Interview In this interview, Kealoha discusses some of the influence of Hip-Hop on Slam poetry. He also shares some insight about his poem "Dichotomy" and how the Hawaiian Sovereignty movement and American culture have impacted him. Makana, Kealoha, iNTREPiD, and Lopaka - I Ho`ili Kamali`i Tour In 2008, Makana founded I Ho`ili Kamali`i (IHK), a non-profit dedicated to bring culturally oriented music experiences into classrooms throughout Hawai’i. Here is some footage from the 2010 IHK tour.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29107
__label__cc	0.633383	0.366617	Guide to London Prisons Meet the Team / Contact us Welcome to LondonCrime, the best in London home cinema gangster film releases, books, crime history and more! London's history of Crime and gangsters has held peoples fascination for decades as it is an intriguing, gritty, sometimes gruesome and a very captivating subject. If you love the often publicised and romanticised history behind London's Gangster underworld, or if you just want to find a place where you can find London gangster movies, London based fiction, or take a browse through a slice of London gangster history, then you need to go no further than us. We have top autobiographies from well known London Gangsters, and if you want to learn more about the Hatton garden heist, Brinks-matt, bank robberies, or gain an insight into the lives of the Kray twins, Billy Hill, Freddie Foreman, the Richardsons and many more, then stay a while and take a look around! We are adding books, films and info for all fans of London gangland history. Our intention is not to glamourise crime, as a team, we firmly believe that Crime belongs in history and Fiction. This site is not about the London crime news of today, other news sites can do that! we are behind some great organisations that are aiming to reduce knife crime in the capital and beyond. Crime can have a devastating affect on it's victim's and ruins the lives of families of both the victim's and the criminals, often leaving mental health issues in everyone involved (not something to be proud of). We showcase some fantastic british gangster movies, documentaries, fact,(check out the A TO Z) fiction and non fiction books, gifts and areas that you can research London's underbelly of crime, the gangsters of past and present! We at Londoncrime.co.uk do not condone criminal activity, we are a team from a variety of backgrounds, and you can read more about us here we fully support all of the London Police areas with their continuing mission to make the streets of London safe, an extremely tough job! Supporting the Best in Indie authors We bring you the best thriller books, crime fiction books, and if you are looking for a biography from some of the top underworld names, then you are in the right place! We at London crime have developed some great relationships with some terrific authors of London based crime fiction books, with some of our book pages giving an insight into the fascinating backgrounds and lives of these great authors. Look for "A word from the author" on the fiction pages! (We also include links to the Twitter pages of the authors so you can show them your support directly through Twitter!) We promote London based books from some amazing independant authors as well as London based true crime books that are written by the people that have lived the life in the London Underworld! Look out also for books about our London Police to get an understanding of life on the thin blue line! We are also hoping to bring a range of the best free e-books and kindle books to add to your collection. London Cinema listings not giving what you want? Then Ditch the Cinema and watch the best films at home! Do you like British crime or gangster movies? looking for any particular London films? Nothing good on at the cinema? It's usually the case that some of the best films don't actually get to the cinema and some great films can be missed because the films go straight to DVD or digital streaming services. You can check london cinema listings to find nothing that interest you, as I have regularly checked at a cinema near me and there is rarely anything of interest. But if you are prepared to forego the cinema, check out our film pages, buy some popcorn, and check out the great london gangster thriller films that are out now on dvd or digital downloads! Settle in to your own home cinema (where no one makes you stand up 'cos they need a wee!)and watch some of the best london based films that you won't see at the cinema! Are you a keen crime DVD collector? Then hopefully you will find films and documentaries that you may have missed within our listings. Do you want to watch some good London based British crime films now? Check out the films page to look at what is available to stream now or download for viewing later. Check out the Dvds on the films pages, some of these are available for streaming now! And they really are some top london based films and documentaries! Places to visit, great days out, research! We take a totally unbiassed view of London's crime history, the historic places, people and links to sites full of information/history, we also show you where to visit that you may or may not have heard of! Take the London underground and tour underground London! Set yourself up for some amazing days out in London , you can check out the places to visit first to ensure you plan your day well in advance. Visiting London Doesn't have to be all about the popular tourism stuff and tourist attractions, but you can spend considerable time doing alternative tourist attractions and other terrific things to do on your visit.Check out "Gangstertours", the best open top bus sightseeing tour in London, a London day trip with a difference! We make no judgement, we do provide links to websites of interest, an A to Z (Which will go into some in-depth articles about London Crime History and people), plus books or dvds of relevance, we leave it to you to decide on the guilt or innocence of any of the cases on this site. You may not be aware of some of the stories, so if old london criminal history and gangsters is something that intrigues and fascinates and you want to research, you will find plenty of links to news articles, websites of interest, youtube videos, books and dvds to satisfy the enquiring mind. Proud to support the Kofficial Foundation For years the UK and numerous other countries has had to deal with austerity measures brought in by governments which inevitably has been passed onto local councils and authorities. This has meant a decrease in public funding for the youth of today. In essence this has created a lack of public services to enable children to reach their full potential and resulted in gang warfare, knife crime and gun crime at an ever evolving rate thus destroying communities at the core. The aim at the Kofficial Foundation is to revive and help set up programs within the local communities and help gyms to enable these youngsters to come off the streets to learn discipline, self-defence and nutrition. To be part of a family, teach them respect and hopefully make a change and inevitably produce future generations of world champions. Please show your support for this worthy cause, please A word from the founder The idea behind the reality of the london crime website is simple. Everyone loves a good london based crime thriller, whether it's a film or London based true crime book, or simply crime fiction that is based in london. This is how it started. My interest in this subject stems from my dad, a fearless man who you wouldn't mess with, but had a heart of gold. I had witnessed some of his temper, and heard of many things that I hadn't personally witnessed. Some of the stories still ring around in my head and some still bring a smile to my face! Sadly, I lost my dad on Christmas day 2014 after a battle with cancer. I struggled with the loss, but then I started to look deeper into one particular story, and that being the innocence of Michael Luvaglio (whom my dad knew from the early 60's) and Dennis Stafford. My dad had always insisted that they were innocent, so I started getting further information from the case of the "Angus Sibett" murder. I was shocked by the shear amount of doubt in this case, wrote to my MP, Who kindly passed my letter to the CCRC. 'scuse my french, but what a crock of shit! The case cannot be reviewed unless fresh evidence is provided!! (if you're unaware of the case, this happened in January 1967.. how the hell can you provide "fresh evidence" on a case this old?). I am personally 100% convinced that these guys were innocent, but sadly, I don't know what else I can do! (Any help or suggestions welcome!) This had started an interest in a subject that has drawn me in, I spent hours looking for London crime films, I would look online, I would look in every shop that had a row of dvd's, I would look in charity shops. I would get luck with the odd book or film, and my personal collection grew very quickly. I decided that the darker side of London and its crime history, plus try to capture as many books and films that are available, should all be available in one place. It has now became a complete labour of love. London is a fantastic city, with some fantastic people. This project has introduced me to some of the best authors, actors and film-makers out there! I have got to know some of these people personally and good friendships have developed. I have the "team" now behind me, and all of these people are all very important to me and have been supportive from the very start. A huge thank you to Lewis Hastings, Donna Siggers, Micky Goldtooth, Brad Wall, David Breakspear, Toby Sauerback, David P Perlmutter and Roy Robson. We have an association with the fantastic Micky Goldtooth's "Gangstertours", (and we have joined forces on some tours too!) and we are all striving to make this site THE place to go for crime books, films, novels, gifts, tourist attractions with a difference and more! We present you with some of the best london gangster movies, crime fiction and more. A huge thank you to all that are supporting me through this amazing journey. (you know who you are!) Finally, I'd like to add, A huge thank you for the support and understanding from my family, the help from my mum and...Dad, this is for you. Always in my thoughts. R.I.P (Jim, founder of "Londoncrime.co.uk) Londoncrime.co.uk ,34 New House, 67-68 Hatton Garden, London EC1N 8JY Considerable time and effort has gone into this website, and we constantly strive for improvement. If you like what you have seen, or you think I have helped out , please donate what YOU think the service/info is worth. Donations will go back into improving the site for everyone. Thank you.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29109
__label__wiki	0.942241	0.942241	De Kock and rain hold up England after Bess five-for Review: Sanchez the toast of smooth-running Rebel Salute night one Serena Williams fined $17K for rules violations at US Open Loop Sports Created : 9 September 2018 Sport Chair umpire Carlos Ramos watches play as he officiates the match between Serena Williams and Naomi Osaka, of Japan, during the women's final of the U.S. Open tennis tournament, Saturday, Sept. 8, 2018, in New York. (AP Photo/Julio Cortez) Serena Williams was fined a total of $17,000 for three code violations during her loss to Naomi Osaka in the U.S. Open final. On Sunday, a day after the match, the tournament referee's office docked Williams $10,000 for "verbal abuse" of chair umpire Carlos Ramos, $4,000 for being warned for coaching, and $3,000 for breaking her racket. The money comes out of her prize money of $1.85 million as the runner-up to Osaka, whose 6-2, 6-4 victory on Saturday made her the first tennis player from Japan to win a Grand Slam singles title. In the second set's second game, Ramos warned Williams for getting coaching, which is against the rules in Grand Slam matches. She briefly disputed that ruling, saying cheating "is the one thing I've never done, ever" — although afterward, her coach, Patrick Mouratoglou, acknowledged he was trying to send Williams a signal. A few games later, Williams received another warning, this time for smashing her racket, and that second violation automatically cost her a point, leading to more arguing. Eventually, Williams called Ramos "a thief," drawing the third violation for "verbal abuse" — and costing her a game, putting Osaka ahead 5-3. "I have never cheated in my life!" Williams told Ramos. "You owe me an apology." Under Article III, Section P of the Grand Slam Rule Book, "verbal abuse" is defined as "a statement about an official, opponent, sponsor, spectator or other person that implies dishonesty or is derogatory, insulting or otherwise abusive." The section says a player is subject to a fine up to $20,000 for each violation. There are separate categories for coaching ("Communications of any kind, audible or visible, between a player and a coach may be construed as coaching") and for abuse of rackets or equipment. Download the Loop News Caribbean app on Google Play Store: http://bit.ly/GetALoop Download the Loop News Caribbean app on the App Store: http://bit.ly/GetiLoop Serena Williams argues with chair umpire; Osaka wins US Open final Serena no longer allowed to wear catsuit at French Open Serena Williams: Young boys need domestic abuse education	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29110
__label__wiki	0.723782	0.723782	KSLU > KSLU News and Events KSLU Past Songs Policies, Procedures, FCC Content KSLU News and Events The Seratones' "Power": An Album Review Articulating Insanity and Uncertainty: A Review of The Decemberists' I’ll Be Your Girl Baton Rouge Natives Open Strong with "Finish It" Why You've "Gotta Get to Know" The Seratones Phone: 985-549-2330 \| Email: kslu@southeastern.edu Member of the University of Louisiana System \| Accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC) © 2015 Southeastern Louisiana University \| All Rights Reserved	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29114
__label__cc	0.580459	0.419541	Hotels in Nainital, Kausani, Mukteshwar, Uttaranchal, Kumaon, Garhwal, Jeep Safari, Sightseeing in Nainital, excursion in Nainital Badrinath : Abode of Lord Vishnu Panch Badris Bhavishya Badri Yogdhyan Badri Bridha Badri Adi Badri The History of Rishikesh Rishikesh – Getting there Rishikesh is the cradle of Hindu philosophy and learning, with many ashrams devoted to the Hindu faith and understanding. The numerous temples on the banks of the Ganga, the mythological tales bookshops with religious books and objects witness the Rishikesh´s importance of religion. The second biggest river in India, Ganga river splits Rishikesh and its neighbouring villages, which are again connected via bridges Laksmanjhula and Ramjhula. It is also extremely peaceful area, with beautiful natural surroundings, which invites you to enjoy outdoor activities, as well as yoga and meditation. Bharat Mandir, dedicated to the Lord Maha Vishnu, is the oldest temple in Rishikesh. The temple, however, holds a significant number of images which are usually associated with the worship of Lord Shiva. Nilkanth Mahadev is the place where Lord Shiva drank the cosmic ocean poison which turned his throat blue. The temple is located on the top of the hill where the Shivratri and Shravan fairs occur. Raghunath Mandir is the most important place for religious ceremonies in Rishikesh. It is believed that the Ganga is joined here by the Yamuna and the Saraswati Rivers. Triveni Ghat is believed to be a meeting of three Indian rivers Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati, where a sacred bathing Ghat occurs. Besides, it is also important because of the Aarti ceremony when people release flower-filled leaf boats with tiny oil lamps and let them float out on the river. It is a ceremony of worship, remembrance and hope. Ashrams Sivanand Ashram is an ashram founded by Swami Sivanand. Today, it is the centre of the Divine life Society with branches in India and abroad, which includes studies of Vedanta and Yoga, a hospital and the production of herbal medicines. Omkaranand Ashram, located near Yoga Niketan, is also known as the Durga Mandir. The centre offers a school with classes in Sanskrit, Hindi, music, classical dance and English. Yoga Niketan, established in 1964, is one of the oldest Yoga ashrams in Rishikesh, located on the banks of river Ganga. It is devoted to meditation and spirituality. Krishna Hotels and Resorts Hotel Krishna Krishna Orchard Resort Krishna’s Corbett Jungle Retreat The Himalayas (2015) Based on true events, renowned mountaineer UM Hong-gil sets out on a mission to Everest to retrieve his late junior climber's body and faces the greatest challenge of his life. Copyright © 2020 kumaonindia.com All rights reserved	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29115
__label__cc	0.689502	0.310498	We think in generations instead of quarters, and act responsibly in everything we do. This commitment is the foundation of our lasting economic success. Our CR Strategy Our Good Deeds Our CR Report Every year we publish an in-depth report about our sustainability achievements and efforts in the field of corporate responsibility. Using many examples, it documents our environmental and social performance. See latest report Business with a conscience As a vibrant science and technology company, we want to take part in building the future and making life better for people all over the world. Our products and technologies are the key. They are an important contribution to the process of solving global problems. At the same time we focus our resources where we can achieve the most. We do this by engaging in three strategically important areas, namely Global Health, Sustainable Solutions as well as Broad Minds. OUR STRATEGIC FIELDS Broad Minds Sustainable business success comes with responsible conduct Fighting the worm disease schistosomiasis hand-in-hand Read more Solar power with organic photovoltaics Read more CR Report 2018 Taking on responsibility Life Science products manufactured according to Principles of Green Chemistry million tablets to treat schistosomiasis have been provided free of charge since 2007 of leadership roles are held by women Responsibility News Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany Intensifies Research Initiatives to Fight Schistosomiasis Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, today announced that, as part of its integrated Schistosomiasis Elimination Program, it is intensifying its Research & Development (R&D) efforts to develop and provide access... Global survey reveals women living with cancer feel stigmatized and unsupported ... Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, which operates its biopharmaceutical business as EMD Serono in the US and Canada, today released the Supporting Women With Cancer report, presenting findings from a global ... Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany Granted 20 CRISPR Patents Total Worldwide Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany today announced that the European, Israeli, South Korean and U.K. intellectual property offices have issued formal notices allowing its Life Science business’ patent... Taking on social responsibility is part of our culture. With “Our Good Deeds” we show charitable activities worldwide, which we support in various ways. Doing more Through our Global Health Institute, we want to improve the health of underserved populations in the developing world. Fighting infectious diseases such as schistosomiasis and malaria is at the top of our agenda.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29116
__label__wiki	0.760639	0.760639	El Palo Beach Share on Facebook ? Share on Twitter ? Share on Google+ ? Send by mail Send to a friend There are several theories and legends about the origin of the name "El Palo". The truth of the matter is that, according to the historian Víctor Heredia, there was a small inn called "El Palo" on the Vélez-Malaga road, which could explain the origins of the village that gave rise to this neighbourhood. The El Palo Beaches are located between Gálica Stream and Pedregalejo and measure 1200 m long and 25 m wide. This neighbourhood's fishing tradition exists to this day and its beaches feature the boats its fishermen use to fish in the area. Places of interes Fishermen's house Bars and restaurants along seaside promenade Green areas Hammock and beach umbrella rentals Summer cinema (June, July and August) The jábega is a typical row boat of the Malaga coastline, whose roots date back to the Phoenicians. Its specific hallmark is the presence of two eyes painted on its keel, which provide each boat with its own peculiar identity. It should really be called a jábega boat, as "jábega" is the name of a fishing net very similar to the "copo", for which these boats were used. They can still be seen on the beaches of Malaga, like El Palo Beach, although they have been converted into leisure or racing boats.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29119
__label__cc	0.509813	0.490187	June Harless Center About Message from the Director History of the June Harless Center About Buck Harless Harless Center Staff JHC Reports JHC Reports JHC Report Volume 4 JHC Report Volume 3 JHC Report Volume 2 JHC Report Volume 1 Programs Campaign for Grade-Level Reading Explorer Academy Incubator School Harless CREATE Satellite Harless Lending Library Marshall University Early Education STEAM Center Shewey Science Academy West Virginia's Imagination Library Harless Hall of Fame Message from the Director History of the June Harless Center About Buck Harless Harless Center Staff JHC Report Volume 4 JHC Report Volume 3 JHC Report Volume 2 JHC Report Volume 1 Campaign for Grade-Level Reading Explorer Academy Incubator School Harless CREATE Satellite Harless Lending Library Marshall University Early Education STEAM Center Shewey Science Academy West Virginia's Imagination Library Director’s Message: Striving for Excellence "The mission of the June Harless Center from its inception has been to provide leadership in educational initiatives for WV educators and students." The Harless Center’s work has been enhanced by county and school partnerships purposefully established to focus on benefits for teachers, administrators, and students. The goal of the work is ultimately higher student achievement as a direct result of highly effective teachers and highly motivated and engaged students in relevant and rigorous assignments. Recent work with preschool and kindergarten teachers in Logan County has resulted in a valuable early educational research center for southern WV specifically, but for all WV in general. The goal of such an educational research center is to establish a network of early education sites that will share their results of innovation and positive academic growth. The project with Logan County is funded through a grant from the Claude Worthington Benedum Foundation. A partnership among Cabell County, the Harless Center, and the EL Network paved the way for the establishment of the Explorer Academy. Several WV educators and students have visited the school to review the progress of the implementation of EL. Several partnerships with the West Virginia Department of Education (WVDE) Office of Early Learning have led to a partnership enabling the expansion of the Harless Center Staff to include Early Literacy Specialists. The Specialists serve and support every county in WV as they progress in the WV Leaders of Literacy: Campaign for Grade-Level Reading. Their role is to work with educators, as well as county campaign leaders, families and community partners to help transform schools and communities into highly engaging literacy learning environments focused on high-quality instruction, school readiness, attendance, and extended learning. Another exciting partnership with WVDE involves the Imagination Library program. WVDE asked the June Harless Center to coordinate the expansion of the Imagination Library program so that 100% of eligible birth to 5-year-olds will have access to books mailed to their homes on a monthly basis from birth to 5 years of age. The Harless center’s role will be to organize a statewide fundraising effort to fund each child’s monthly gift of literary excellence. The June Harless staff takes every opportunity to submit proposals for programmatic funding. Among the successful proposals have been the Improving Teacher Quality Grants (ITQ) from the Higher Education Policy Commission. ITQ grant proposals have provided professional development for elementary and middle school teachers in mathematics in Cabell, Lincoln, Mason, and Wayne counties. Additional ITQ grant proposals provided funding for professional development in kit-based science to integrate science, mathematics, and literacy instruction for educators in Mason County; and professional development in littleBits training for teachers in Lincoln County. Most recently the Harless Center received mini-grants to provide funding to purchase both littleBits and Sphero Robotics to be implemented into classrooms, and for use as part of the Harless Center Lending Library. The Harless Center received funding in the form of mini-grants from the WV Department of Culture and History, as well as 2 STEM mini-grants from the Governor’s office to purchase littleBits and littleBits coding kits. An additional mini-grant from the Governor’s STEM initiative provided funding for the purchase of Sphero SPRK+ robots. Both technologies have been implemented in public school classrooms, after-school programs, Marshall University College of Education and Professional Development classes, and are available for loan from the Harless Center Lending Library. Another significant grant from the Benedum Foundation supported an outdoor learning project. The project included professional development for area teachers focused on enhancing their lesson plans with effective strategies, techniques, and tools to be used in an outdoor classroom at each school site. Striving to build a brand of excellence, we do not want to just raise the bar, we want to be the bar. Dr. Stan Maynard Executive Director, June Harless Center Jenkins Hall	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29124
__label__wiki	0.535452	0.535452	Author: NeLM - Ophthalmology Lucentis (ranibizumab) 10 mg/ml solution for injection – Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Ltd – Revised SPC by NeLM - Ophthalmology • 2013/03/26 • 0 Comments Source: eMC (electronic Medicines Compendium) Area: Other Library Updates > SPC Changes Section 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use has been updated to include the information that systemic adverse events including non-ocular haemorrhages and arterial thromboembolic events have been reported following intravitreal injection of VEGF inhibitors. Please see link to the SPC for full prescribing information Ocriplasmin (Jetrea®) approved in the EU for vitreomacular traction Source: BioSpace Area: News According to BioSpace, the European Commission has approved ocriplasmin (Jetrea®) for the treatment of vitreomacular traction, including when associated with macular hole of diameter less than or equal to 400 microns. This follows a positive opinion from the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) issued in January 2013 (please see a related NeLM report via the link below for further details, including a discussion of the available efficacy data and the drug’s mechanism of action). Latanoprost 50mcg/ml eye drops – Pfizer Limited – Revised SPC Section 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use has been updated with ‘congenital glaucoma’ removed from this section. Section 4.8 Undesirable effects has also been updated to include some rare and very rare ocular side effects, including iritis/uveitis (the majority of reports in patients with concomitant predisposing factors); macular oedema; symptomatic corneal oedema and erosions; periorbital oedema; misdirected eyelashes sometimes resulting in eye irritation; extra row of cilia at the aperture of the meibomian glands (distichiasis) and (Read more...) SMC accepts restricted use of bimatoprost 0.3mg/mL preservative-free eye drops (Lumigan UD®) Source: Scottish Medicines Consortium (SMC) Area: Evidence > Drug Specific Reviews The Scottish Medicines Consortium (SMC) has accepted restricted use of bimatoprost 0.3mg/mL preservative-free eye drops (Lumigan UD®) in NHS Scotland for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in chronic open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension in adults (as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy to beta-blockers). The product is restricted to use in patients who have proven sensitivity to the preservative benzalkonium chloride. CADTH rapid response report: Review of effectiveness and safety of fusidic acid for ophthalmic infections Source: Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) This Canadian review examined the clinical effectiveness, safety and economic literature on fusidic acid to help inform a funding decision. The evidence on the clinical effectiveness and safety of fusidic acid for eye infections was limited to three lower quality RCTs which noted the following: . Short term (7 day) treatment with topical fusidic acid resolved clinical signs and symptoms of conjunctivitis or chronic blepharitis in 76% to 91% of patients compared to 73% to 93% of (Read more...) NICE issues final guidance supporting the use of ranibizumab for diabetic macular oedema (TA 274) Source: NICE Area: Evidence > Guidelines NICE has issued final guidance (TA 274) supporting the use of ranibizumab for treating visual impairment due to diabetic macular oedema (DMO) only if: . the eye has a central retinal thickness of 400 micrometres or more at the start of treatment and . the manufacturer provides ranibizumab with the discount agreed in the patient access scheme (as revised in 2012). NICE conducted a rapid review of the original guidance (TA 237; November 2011) because the manufacturer submitted a revised Patient Access Scheme, together (Read more...) Commissioning guidance on glaucoma Source: College of Optometrists The College of Optometrists and the Royal College of Ophthalmologists have developed joint commissioning guidance on glaucoma. See link below for further details. NICE costing template for its guidance on ranibizumab for diabetic macular oedema (TA 274) NICE has published a costing statement to accompany its guidance on the use of ranibizumab for treating visual impairment due to diabetic macular oedema (TA 274). The costing report calculates that: “the annual cost associated with implementing this recommendation is estimated as £41,000 for a population of 100,000 based on the standard assumptions in the model once a steady state is reached. There are also anticipated to be non-recurrent costs from treating the prevalent population on implementation of the guideline of around £341,000. It is (Read more...) Systematic Review: Comparative effectiveness of treatments for open-angle glaucoma Source: Ann Intern Med The Annals of Internal Medicine has featured a systematic review comparing the effectiveness of medical, laser, and surgical treatments in adults with open-angle glaucoma with regard to decreasing intraocular pressure and preventing optic nerve damage, vision loss, and visual impairment. Data from a total of 23 randomised trials, observational studies and systematic reviews were included in this analysis. The researchers reported that high-level evidence suggests that medical, laser, and surgical treatments decrease intraocular pressure and that medical treatment and trabeculectomy reduce the (Read more...) Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein Source: Cochrane Area: Evidence > Drug Class Focused Reviews Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is one of the most common occurring retinal vascular abnormalities. The pathogenesis of BRVO is thought to involve both retinal vein compression and damage to the vessel wall, possibly leading to thrombus formation at sites where retinal arterioles cross retinal veins. The most common cause of visual loss in patients with BRVO is macular oedema (MO). Grid or focal laser photocoagulation has been shown to reduce the risk of visual loss and improve visual acuity (Read more...) Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for macular oedema Source: Cochrane Library Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is one of the most common occurring retinal vascular abnormalities. The pathogenesis of BRVO is thought to involve both retinal vein compression and damage to the vessel wall, possibly leading to thrombus formation at sites where retinal arterioles cross retinal veins. The most common cause of visual loss in patients with BRVO is macular oedema (MO). Grid or focal laser photocoagulation has been shown to reduce the risk of visual loss and improve visual (Read more...) Phase III study: Twelve-Month comparison of 0.5 mg or 2.0 mg ranibizumab in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (HARBOR) Source: Ophthalmology Several small studies have suggested the potential of enhanced efficacy with higher 2mg dosing of ranibizumab. The HARBOR study was a 24-month, phase III, randomised, multicentre, double-masked study which evaluated the 12-month efficacy and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab 0.5 mg and 2.0 mg administered monthly and on an as-needed (PRN) basis in treatment-naïve patients (n=1,098) aged over 50 years with subfoveal neovascular age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD). Noninferiority (NI) tests with a prespecified NI margin of 4 letters comparing the 0.5 mg PRN with the (Read more...) NICE issues costing statement on fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant for the treatment of chronic diabetic macular oedema (TA 271) NICE has published a costing statement to accompany its guidance on fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant (Iluvien) for the treatment of chronic diabetic macular oedema (DMO) considered insufficiently responsive to available therapies (TA 271). Because fluocinolone acetonide is not recommended for routine use within the NHS, NICE do not anticipate a significant impact on NHS resources. See links below for further details. NICE issues final guidance on fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant for the treatment of chronic diabetic macular oedema (TA 271) NICE has issued final guidance that does not support the use of fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant (Iluvien) for the treatment of chronic diabetic macular oedema considered insufficiently responsive to available therapies (TA 271). The Committee noted that fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implants do not provide enough benefit to patients to justify their high cost. NETAG issues appraisal and recommendation on aflibercept for AMD Source: NETAG The NHS North East Treatment Advisory Group (NETAG) has undertaken an appraisal of aflibercept (Eylea®) within its licensed indication for the management of neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The Group recommends its use, within its licensed indication, for the treatment of newly diagnosed and untreated wet AMD. It does not however recommend its use for the same episode of AMD refractory to treatment with other biological therapies such as ranibizumab. This recommendation is contingent on a maximum cost per aflibercept dose (Read more...) CHMP does not recommend idebenone (Raxone®) for the treatment of Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy Source: European Medicines Agency The Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) has adopted a negative opinion, recommending the refusal of the marketing authorisation for the orphan medicine idebenone (Raxone®), intended for the treatment of patients with Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), an inherited disease characterised by progressive loss of sight. The company presented the results from one main randomised, placebo-controlled study involving 85 patients with LHON whose symptoms started in the previous five years. The main measure of effectiveness was the change in vision after (Read more...) CHMP recommends approval of ocriplasmin (Jetrea®) for vitreomacular traction The Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) has recommended the granting of a marketing authorisation for ocriplasmin (Jetrea®) for the treatment of vitreomacular traction (VMT), including when associated with macular hole of diameter ?400 microns. VMT is an age-related progressive, sight-threatening condition that may lead to visual distortion, decreased visual acuity and central blindness. It is estimated to affect between 250,000 to 300,000 patients in Europe. Ocriplasmin is a recombinant form of human plasmin, administered as a single intravitreal injection. It (Read more...) NICE final draft guidance supports use of ranibizumab for diabetic macular oedema In its Final Appraisal Determination, NICE is supporting the use of ranibizumab as an option for treating visual impairment caused by diabetic macular oedema (DMO). NICE conducted a rapid review of the original guidance, publis… In its Final Appraisal Determination, NICE is supporting the use of ranibizumab as an option for treating visual impairment caused by diabetic macular oedema (DMO). NICE conducted a rapid review of the original guidance, published in November 2011, because the manufacturer submitted a revised Patient Access Scheme, together with updated analyses showing the drug’s superior relative effect among a sub-group of people with DMO. The draft guidance states that ranibizumab is now recommended as an option for treating visual impairment due to diabetic macular oedema (Read more...) Change to injection needle supplied with ranibizumab (Lucentis®) Source: Personal communication (Novartis) Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Limited is advising customers of a forthcoming change to the injection needle supplied in packs of ranibizumab (Lucentis®). The needle supplier is bein…	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29135
__label__cc	0.697659	0.302341	Broken Games: Gamification Gone Wrong Photo Credit: Google Stock Photos I was at a large conference this summer. The organizers had added a game to the conference app. If you tweeted from the app, or reviewed a session or entered a code at a location, you were awarded points in the game. The prize was not trivial, a paid trip to the conference the following year for the person who "earned" the most points. Great idea. Except it was broken, very broken. I don't mean that app or the codes didn't work; I mean there were several major flaws in the game design. Most attendees didn't know the game existed in the app until they got to the conference and by then the leader board showed several top scoring people had over 800 points on the first day. In a system where you are awarded 10-20 points per interaction, their leads were so immense that most attendees never bothered playing. A game that was supposed to be fun, just wasn't because there was no way to win if you started playing at the conference, no second place and no random prizes for participants. Conference organizers are always looking for new ways to entice attendees to submit session reviews and awarding points in a game for something like that probably seemed like a great idea, except that there was no requirement that you actually attend the session before submitting a review. Those at the top of the leader board likely submitted a review for every session. So, rather than getting the organizers more data about sessions, it got them more noise in the data and probably made it tough to tell what the actual participants really thought about any given session. Gamification is not as simple as slapping a point system on some already expected behaviors. (We call that grading.) To design a game you have to consider all the ways a person can beat that game. You have to consider if winning behavior also matches the behavior you want from participants. If you want people to review a session after attending it then you have to give out an access code in the actual session. If you want a level playing field for all participants then you have to make sure everyone starts at the same time. If the game rewards cheating, like reviewing sessions you didn't attend just to get points, then the game discredits the players. But games can fail for other reasons too. I was at an event a while back where they had a special door prize to be drawn just from those who clicked on a special button on the organization website. To be fair you could only enter at the event. Implicitly, this only favors people with a smartphone able to visit the website and click the button, but worse than that, the button did not show up on the mobile version of the site. Most attendees did not enter. But there were some real computers in the room, for another purpose. I went to one, visited the site, clicked the contest button and entered my name. I should not have been surprised when I won, but I was in the middle of a conversation and hadn't noticed they were having the drawing already. Did I cheat by entering the contest in the only way available? Should I have told others to go use the computers to enter? Is it my fault that the game creators failed to test their plan with mobile devices? And yes, I recognize my own hypocrisy that I complain when a game is not fair, but quickly exploit a loophole when I find one that gives me an advantage. Good games are balanced, fair, and fun. It takes carefully planning to make a good game work, but a game can fail miserably if even one part of the equation is off. Players who know they can't win often choose not to play. Players who can't access the tools of the game will also opt out. These are the circumstances our struggling students are already dealing with. Is it any wonder they choose not to play school? If you are excited about adding gaming principles to your classroom look first at what is already a game for students, consider the ways a student might "beat" your game by exploiting a loophole you didn't see coming, and above all, make sure all the players have a reason to stay in the game. classroom conference Education failure games gamification play students	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29137
__label__wiki	0.677711	0.677711	Penwortham prom It was time to say goodbye to Penwortham Girls Year 11 at their farewell prom which was held at the Barton Grange Hotel. The girls arrived and no expense had been spared on the cars. What a glamorous and fitting way to arrive and set the tone for what was to be an amazing celebration of their time at PGHS. Good luck to the class of 2019. A university centre Myerscough arboriculture graduate has been recognised as one to watch in the sector by the Institute of Chartered Foresters. Elizabeth Anderson has been named as a recipient of an ICF student award, which recognise distinguished earners as ones to watch. Elizabeth graduated with a BSc (Hons) in Arboriculture and Urban Forestry earlier this summer. The awards are designed to build valuable connections between the industry and the UK’s rising forestry and arboricultural talent. Top scholar Congratulations goes to Theo Cains (Year 11) who is the first Westholme student to be awarded an Arkwright Scholarship. An Arkwright Engineering Scholarship is the most prestigious scholarship of its type in the UK to inspire and nurture school-age students to be the country’s future leaders of the engineering profession. The Scholarships are awarded to high-calibre 16-year-old students through a rigorous selection process. Gold award for university The University of Central Lancashire is one of the first higher education institutions in the country to be awarded a significant honour from the Ministry of Defence. Led by the College for Military Veterans and Emergency Services, it has received a Gold Employer Recognition Scheme award which recognises the support it gives to staff who are serving or veteran members of the military or staff whose family are involved within the armed forces community. Student’s Green Product Wins Scholarship Shreya Kamath, a Y11 pupil at Bolton School Girls’ Division, has won a prestigious Arkwright Scholarship. Shreya was one of two pupils to win an Arkwright Scholarship at Bolton School Girls’ Division this year. The awards are designed to identify and nurture students with the potential to become future leaders in engineering, computing and technical design. Shreya will receive £300 in her year 12 and £300 again in year 13. Three Lancashire students have impressed a luxury Lake District hotel so much that they have been invited back to work alongside its 20-strong kitchen brigade. The trio have all be studying for their City and Guilds Level 2 food and beverage qualifications at Runshaw College and recently did a short work placement at Lakeside Hotel & Spa. Now, they have been asked back by the hotel’s head chef for a longer three-month placement. WESTHOLME STUDENTS HEAD TO KENYA This summer 51 students and six staff from Westholme School spent four weeks in Kenya … NEW HEAD 2018 welcomed Mrs Amanda Ilhan to AKS Lytham Independent School as the new head of juniors. Amanda has … URBAN ARTISTSWestholme School Art department welcomed local urban landscape artist Gosha Gibek. Year 10 students experienced a workshop where they … CODE BREAKING Year 7 girls at Bolton School Girls’ Division enjoyed a fascinating morning with Dr James Grime, mathematician and …	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29139
__label__wiki	0.572476	0.572476	Tag: brene How popular is the baby name Brene in the United States right now? How popular was it historically? Find out using the graph below! Plus, check out all the blog posts that mention the name Brene. Popularity of the Baby Name Brene Posts that Mention the Name Brene December 2, 2019 November 5, 2019 Name Quotes 78: Brene, Neal, SanDeE* SanDeE* from LA Story From the 1991 movie LA Story, a conversation between Harris (played by Steve Martin) and SanDeE* (played by Sarah Jessica Parker): H: What was your name again? S: SanDeE* H: I’m sorry, Sandy, Sandy… It’s a nice name. Everybody has such weird names now, it’s like Tiffany with a P-H-I, and instead of Nancy it’s Nancine. [He begins to write her name down.] S: Big S, small A, small N, big D, small E, big E. S: Big S, small A, small N, big D, small E, big E. [She grabs his hand and writes directly on it.] Big S, small A, small N, big D, small E, big E. Then there’s a little star at the end. Anna Wintour recently talking about her new puppy, named Finch [vid]: She’s called Finch because we call all of our dogs after characters in To Kill a Mockingbird. So we have had a Scout, a Radley, and a Harper. And let me tell you, they are not happy about Finch’s arrival. From a 1995 interview with R.E.M. vocalist Michael Stipe, whose paternal grandfather was a Methodist minister: Well, Methodism was started by John Wesley, who was, in his way, a really radical guy who believed in a lot of individual responsibility. It’s not the kind of religion that’s right around your throat. Actually, I was named after him, John Michael Stipe. From an article about Lara Prescott, author of the new book The Secrets We Kept, a fictional account of the dangers of publishing Doctor Zhivago in the 1950s: You could say she was born to write this historical novel: Prescott’s mother named her after the doomed heroine from her favorite movie, the 1965 adaptation of Boris Pasternak’s epic. A non-edited tweet from Cardi B, whose sister’s name is Hennessy: Fun fact :Always wanted a daughter and I always used to say imma name her HennyLynn. It’s a cute mix of my sisters name but then I started calling my sister HennyLynn then it became one of the nicknames I gave my sister so it woulda been weird naming my daughter that . From an article about a Georgia man whose name, Neal, came from a POW bracelet: His father, the late John Carpenter, was an aircraft mechanic in the Navy and was deployed overseas at the time. He arrived home in time for his son’s birth. When it became necessary to scramble and find a boy’s name, John Carpenter looked down at the POW/MIA bracelet he was wearing. The engraved name was Neal Clinton Ward Jr. He had been listed as Missing in Action since June 13, 1969. An airman, his plane had been shot down over Laos in the jungles of Southeast Asia, nine days before his 24th birthday. The Carpenters named their son Neal Ward Carpenter. (Neal’s mom had been convinced the baby would be a girl. Neal said: “I was going to be April Michelle, and that’s all there was to it.”) Research professor and author Brené Brown on her unique name: Growing up, every time we drove from San Antonio to Houston, going to Stuckey’s — all these places where you buy monogrammed shirts and glasses — I was so put out because there was never a “Brené.” So I think I made up in my head that it was French. And then I hitchhiked across Europe after high school and I got to France and I was like, “Je suis Brené!” And they were like, “What kind of name is that?” They’d never heard of it. My parents just made it up. I had a whole narrative in high school — “When I bust out of this suburban Spring, Texas, high school I’m going to go back to France where my people are!” But, no, it’s not French — it’s south side San Antonio. Marketing expert Seth Godin’s take on the best middle name ever: It’s not Warren or Susan or Otis or Samuel or Tricia. It’s “The.” As in Attila The Hun or Alexander The Great or Zorba The Greek. When your middle name is ‘The’, it means you’re it. The only one. The one that defines the category. I think that focus is a choice, and that the result of appropriate focus is you earn the middle name. For more name-related quotes, check out the name quotes category. Categories: Name Quotes Tags: alexander, anna, april, attila, boris, brene, cardi, finch, harper, harris, hennessy, hennylynn, jessica, john, lara, michael, michelle, nancine, nancy, neal, otis, radley, samuel, sandee, sarah, scout, seth, steve, susan, tiffany, tricia, warren Leave a comment	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29148
__label__wiki	0.82978	0.82978	view_headlineTop Stories (286) Iranians (137) President Donald Trump (43) Premier Doug Ford (25) terrainCanada Anatomy of a prison riot: Burning debris, ‘bounce shots’ and bloodshed inside Saskatchewan Penitentiary National Post 09 Dec 2019 at 06:51 Hours into a deadly riot at Saskatchewan Penitentiary on Dec. 14, 2016, emergency response team members decided to bust through makeshift barriers that inmates had put up using fridges, washing machines and bed frames. On the other side, they encountered masked inmates who hurled burning debris, chairs and chunks of concrete and metal at them. Some of the 131 medium-security inmates who took part in the riot were armed with broomsticks whose ends were affixed with sharpened metal tips. While the Correctional Service of Canada posted a summary of the incident on its website, the agency has never made public its internal blow-by-blow account of the melee, which resulted in one death and multiple murder charges, several injuries and $3.6 million in damage. The National Post received a redacted version of the 161-page Board of Investigation report this week in response to an access-to-information request filed in the spring of 2017. “CSC should not investigate itself when there’s such a tragedy, where there’s riots or somebody dies in segregation,” Ivan Zinger, the correctional investigator, told the National Post. “It’s the same kind of rationale that’s been used with respect to police. When a citizen is seriously injured or dies it’s not the same police force that investigates itself. The same kind of rationale should be used in corrections.” The riot took place in five corridors, also known as ranges, in the medium-security section of the aging prison located in Prince Albert. Tensions had been simmering for days, according to the report. CSC should not investigate itself when there’s such a tragedy On the morning of Friday, Dec 9, 2016, inmate kitchen workers walked off the job in protest over food portions. One point of contention: the utensil used to scoop scrambled eggs was undersized and not delivering the 125 grams mandated by the prison system’s national menu. When staff found a slightly bigger utensil, it didn’t satisfy kitchen workers and they did not return to work the following Monday, Dec. 12. On Dec. 13, the warden signed a memo committing to efforts to find ways to improve oversight of food quality and portions and general working conditions in the kitchen. But the inmate representatives were not satisfied and came back Dec. 14 with a new demand: “double portions of protein.” The warden said this was not possible as menus were set nationally. The warden was also told inmates were fed up with their diminished purchasing power. That afternoon, ranges were opened up so inmates could proceed to their work programs. But some of the inmates in the E and F corridors refused. Correctional officers attempted to get them to return to their cells, but they ignored orders to lock up. At 1:25 p.m., inmates in the E3 and E4 ranges covered their faces with balaclavas and began to smash appliances, blocked or broke surveillance cameras and erected a barricade using fridges, washing machines, beds, sheets, cables and other items. Similar disturbances broke out in the E1, E2 and F4 ranges. Some inmates began setting objects on fire and threw them out cell windows. Inside the Saskatchewan Penitentiary after a deadly riot broke out on Dec. 14, 2016. Office of the Correctional Investigator At 3:40 p.m., the deputy warden read the Riot Act proclamation over the prison’s intercom system, warning inmates they could face additional prison time for participating in a riot. It had little deterrent effect. The warden signed a document that authorized staff to take progressive measures to regain control of the facility, including the use of restraints, batons, shields, breaching equipment, chemical agents, grenades and firearms. At 4:35 p.m, ERT members began to breach the barriers to the E3 and E4 ranges. “Orders to cease and desist their activities and warnings that chemical munitions and lethal force could be used were made, to no avail,” the report said. As they pushed through, they deployed tear gas and then marched down the corridors in riot formation. Some inmates threw chunks of concrete or metal and metal chairs. Others charged at them using bed frames and mattresses as shields. Orders to cease and desist ... were made, to no avail As they got to the back of the range, ERT members deployed pepper spray and used physical force to drive inmates into their cells. Most inmates complied, except for three who lay prone on the floor and were handcuffed. The ERT members went through similar confrontations in the F4 corridor. At 6:30 p.m. the ERT members moved to the E1 and E2 ranges. “While the barricade was being cleared, inmates threw debris … such as chunks of concrete and tried to stab at the ERT with broom sticks with sharpened metal taped to the ends,” the report said. The ERT members fired more warning shots down the corridor, which was dark and filled with smoke. Spotlights were activated. Read more on National Post Saskatchewan Penitentiary Hours Saskatchewan Penitentiary Some of While the Correctional Service of Canada Board of Investigation Ivan Zinger On Dec Correctional Inside the Saskatchewan Penitentiary Office of the Correctional Investigator At Riot Act RELATED STORIES : Kitchen staff walkout possible trigger for Saskatchewan Penitentiary riot: report globalnews.ca - 27 Mar 2018 at 14:12 A Correctional Service Canada CSC report says a walkout by prisoners working in the kitchen could have been the catalyst for a riot at Saskatchewan Penitentiary that left one inmate... Prison watchdog issues scathing report into deadly riot at Saskatchewan Penitentiary globalnews.ca - 30 Oct 2018 at 15:28 Correctional investigator Ivan Zinger said an investigation by Correctional Service Canada into a deadly riot at the Saskatchewan Penitentiary was superficial and self serving. The office of the correctional investigator has... Inmates transferred from Saskatchewan Penitentiary after deadly riot globalnews.ca - 22 Dec 2016 at 18:56 An undisclosed number of inmates serving time at Saskatchewan Penitentiary have now been transferred to other federal institutions in response to a deadly riot on Dec. 14. Jeff Campbell, regional... Report blames CSC for deadly Saskatchewan Penitentiary riot globalnews.ca - 01 Nov 2017 at 08:54 A report into a deadly prison riot at the Saskatchewan Penitentiary said it was likely triggered by disputes over food, perceived mistreatment of inmate kitchen staff and small cells. Ivan... 14 charged in deadly Saskatchewan prison riot Toronto Star - 20 Sep 2017 at 05:59 Fourteen men have been charged in the deadly riot at Saskatchewan Penitentiary in Prince Albert that took place in December 2016. Thomas Porter / CP Tues., Sept. 19, 2017 PRINCE ALBERT,... Latest News : Top Stories▼ Police report 250 collisions as snowstorm hits Toronto Wildfires have permanently damaged Australia s landscape I had many doctors laugh in my face : Surgery helps woman who heard non-stop whooshing noise Cult allegedly kills 5 children, 2 adults in Panama jungle ‘How much are we going to listen to?’: Trump says strike followed Soleimani saying ‘bad things’ Simpsons actor Hank Azaria will no longer voice Apu At annual World Economic Forum in Davos, the world order remains intact — for four days at least China s coronavirus cases likely grossly underestimated, study says	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29154
__label__cc	0.605942	0.394058	PlanetSkaro Audios PlanetSkaro > Forum > The Worlds Of Doctor Who > Planet Skaro Goes Back... > ...to Season 24! > S24 Contemporary Music If this is your first visit, be sure to check out our FAQ. In order to post you have to register. Happy browsing! Thread: S24 Contemporary Music 5th Dec 2010, 3:27 PM #1 Jonno B7 @ 40 S24 Contemporary Music What new music were you listening to in the autumn of 1987? Top of the charts throughout the run of Time and the Rani was Never Gonna Give You Up by Rick Astley which would be the year's biggest seller. Not a particular favourite of mine, so here's my personal favourites that peaked in September 1987 : What Have I Done To Deserve This? - Pet Shop Boys w. Dusty Springfield (2) Wipeout - Fat Boys & The Beach Boys (2) Wonderful Life - Black (8) Heart and Soul - T'Pau (4) Bridge To Your Heart - Wax (12) Particulary annoying that Rick kept Pet Shop Boys and Dusty off the top! Andrew Curnow Downstairs by the PC September 1987 was when I started my A-Levels, so was the first time I had to 'commute' - my secondary school was just round the corner from home, whereas college was about an hour away on the bus. So although that meant getting up earlier in the morning than I was used to (bus left at 7:45) it also meant I was listening to Radio 1 for an hour in the morning (Mike Smith, then replaced by Simon Mayo) and in the evening (Steve Wright in the Afternoon) every day. I'd never been a big radio/music fan, so I guess this was the first time I'd have really been that aware of what was popular at the time. Which means I have quite a nostalgic fondness for those songs you mention, and also, later in the Autumn, Fairground Attraction's Perfect, and Rick Astley. Was that the year he released a cover of When I Fall In Love, aimed at the Christmas charts I think, only to have the Nat King Cole version re-released and doing slightly better? Or did I imagine that? SiHart History Boy! Bracknell, Berks I bought the single of the Chubby Checker and the Fat Boys song! Great song! Si xx I've just got my handcuffs and my truncheon and that's enough. Stephen Morgan I suppose it's only natural of me to reply to this thread. Up to the time I met Viv in late 1986, I was still listening to popular music. Come 1987 though and I was rapidly losing interest in the charts, only buying a few singles or 12" copies of singles. I have in my collection 12" copies of The Pet Shop Boys and Dusty and Wax from this period. I was still buying the odd album or cassette, I seem to recall The Bee Gees ESP album with You Win Again on it around Sept Oct of that year. Viv liked Rick Astley and bought a couple of his singles which are still hanging about here. Sadly though, most of the charts left me cold, looking at them now I can't recall most of them, Housemaster Boyz and the Rude Boy of House, Levert, W.A.S.P. Pseudo Echo???????? they really mean nothing to me. which was a far cry from just a few years previously where I could name every record in the top 40. I spend most of 1987 ignoring most of the music around me! And to an extent being in school with no access to non-viral music magazines you had to pay for? There is only one song in that list that registered though, Wax. What a perfect record! Was it they'd come from a more successful band or made the kids nervous by pressing all the right chord changes and sounds? I blocked out everything with Jimi Hendrix. What a great time in my life! I was feeling isolated at school and hearing "Existed... nothing but existed..."? Guns 'N' Roses are a funny one. My brother had the album (and some American indie like Eugene Chadborne) and a few of the banes of my day liked that album as well. When I've heard it played in clubs I've seen people old enough to whoop for it and yet they were the ones in school who didn't deserve to belong to anything in human culture? I've phrased what I was trying to say sloppily on that last point. I'm afraid in all the years I've been into music 1987 is the year that Dino forgot and was thankful. Although if Travellin' Wilburys had their album out in this year then make me look a further hypocrite! Originally Posted by Dino Wax were Graham Gouldman and Andrew Gold. Gouldman had written hits in the sixties for the likes of The Yardbirds (For Your Love) and then became a member of seventies band 10cc, Donna, Rubber Bullets, I'm Not In Love. Gold had a few hits in his own right, How Can This Be Love and Lonely Boy were his biggest, late seventies hits. Wax's big album at this period of 1987 was called American English, I have it on cassette. Stephen - Pseudo Echo did a cover of Funky Town (Lipps Inc, 1980) - I really like both versions! Andrew - Perfect wasn't this autumn - it was #1 for 1 week in May 88! And Rick Astley did go higher with his cover - 2 weeks at #2 in the weeks leading up to Christmas, then down to #4 on the Christmas chart while Nat King Cole climbed to #7. They then swapped those chart positions on the New Year chart, so for that first week of 1988 Nat did indeed outsell Rick! Si - we must Spotify Wipeout in the future! Originally Posted by Jonno Simmons Yes, I noticed that, it's not a version I'm familiar with though. Thanks Jonno - the memory obviously getting a bit rusty there on my part!! 5th Dec 2010, 9:55 PM #10 I remember my Dad bought a CD player for the first time while this season was on- so we heard alot of Bad by Michael Jackson, Cloud Nine by George Harrison (a fabulous album!) and a Level 42 album. WhiteCrowNZ Way under, down under. I remember that Mars' "Pump up the volume" came out and I quite liked it. But alas there was way too much of that sampled stuff that came out afterwards - not to mention the awful House scene. Was this the year we all went mad about Curiosity Killed The Cat's "Straight back down to Earth" in the Spring, and they were a forgotten band by the Autumn. I also have a horrid feeling this was the year that spawned Bros. Remember, just because Davros is dead doesn't mean the Dalek menace has been contained ...... Pump Up The Volume was and is still an astonishing track. It's kind of timeless, because it was made up of so many other things. We were just listening to it a few minutes ago, would you believe. Bros didn't arrive until 1988, so we're spared them for now... HOLISTIC DETECTIVE Valhalla. Originally Posted by WhiteCrowNZ ...not to mention the awful House scene. I quite liked House music myself & Hip Hop. 8th Dec 2010, 9:46 AM #14 It's Underground Duncan! London, United Kingdom, United Kingdom I have to admit that around this time, having my own money, I was new to the record market and got caught up in the Stock, Aitken and Watermen wave. I'm embarrased by some of the crap in my record collection but I must have loved it at the time. I’m being extremely clever up here and there’s no one to stand around looking impressed! What’s the point in having you all? 14th Dec 2010, 9:32 PM #15 Into October 87 now and Pump Up The Volume by MARRS was top of the charts for the first part of Paradise Towers. followed by the Bee Gees with You Win Again for the rest of the story. I'd just started at Polytechnic at this time and within my first week or so there, the charts went through a massive change as the new Top 40 was now revealed on Sunday afternoon (as it still is now) whereas previously it had been revealed on Tuesday afternoons on Radio 1. I'm quite fond of both those #1s with an added nostalgia factor of the excitement of being a student and living away from home. Other personal favourite tracks that peaked in October included : Crockett's Theme - Jan Hammer (2) Pour Some Sugar On Me - Def Leppard (18) Crazy Crazy Nights - Kiss (4) Brilliant Disguise - Bruce Springsteen (20) Valerie - Steve Winwood (19) 15th Dec 2010, 8:03 AM #16 MacNimon Get me a drink, Sid! Sunny Ayrshire There was some good stuff around the charts that year, but in general I found it just not quite as interesting as in previous years. I think that it was just a gradual thing over the years until the mid-90s when I had totally lost all interest. However, with the exception of Pump Up The Volume, these were among my favourite songs of the year, along with T'Pau's Heart And Soul which tends to be overlooked these days in favour of China In Your Hand, which seems to be what they're remembered for. Didn't we also have Belinda Carlisle making her solo debut with Heaven Is A Place On Earth this year as well? Other favourites from this year (I think!) included Heart's Alone, Billy Idol's cover version of Mony, Mony, along with songs from Genesis, Prince, Fleetwood Mac and others. 16th Dec 2010, 12:32 AM #17 Yes, I prefer Heart and Soul to China In Your Hand too, Kenny - I name-checked it in my opening post here. Heaven Is A Place On Earth was a corker too - in the Top 10 at Christmas 87 and it topped the chart in January 88. The Bee Gees were still #1 for Part 1 of Delta and for the rest of the season it was T'Pau with China In Your Hand. I like it a lot, but not as much as Heart and Soul. My personal favourites that peaked in November included : Barcelona - Freddie Mercury & Montserrat Caballe (8) Here I Go Again - Whitesnake (9) Dinner With Gershwin - Donna Summer (13) Quick Navigation ...to Season 24! Top Welcome to Planet Skaro The PlanetSkaro Universe Brenty Four-um Brenty Four IX Brenty Four X Adventures In Time and Space Planet Skaro Goes Back... ...to Season 1! ...to Season 11! ...to Series One! Big Finish and BBC Audios The Fiction Factory Books (Etc) Mr Smith, I Need You! The Celestial Toyroom The S16 Contemporary Music Thread By Stephen Morgan in forum ...to Season 16! Last Post: 11th Jul 2013, 8:38 AM Last Post: 7th May 2013, 7:57 PM Season 7 Contemporary music By Stephen Morgan in forum ...to Season 7! Last Post: 31st Oct 2012, 6:36 PM S8 Contemporary Music Last Post: 13th Feb 2011, 6:18 PM By Jonno in forum ...to Season 18! Last Post: 14th Nov 2010, 7:18 PM Last Season 12 Story... Ark In Space 5 Genesis Of The Daleks 6 Sent from my... Ark In Space 6 Genesis Of The Daleks 7 Ark In Space 7 Genesis Of The Daleks 7 Revenge Of The... Shop at Amazon UK and support PlanetSkaro See the full list. Suggest another store. Twitter @PSAudios Tweets by @PSAudios PlanetSkaro PlanetSkaro is the property of Anthony Williams. All rights reserved. Dr Who & TARDIS are owned by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). No infringement intended.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0087.json.gz/line29174

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