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__label__cc	0.503249	0.496751	The Poetry of Physics, The Physics of Poetry Date: Tuesday, November 11th at 3pm Location: Luan Gallery, Grace Road, Athlone, Co. Westmeath This unique in conversation event is part of the midlands science festival. Local broadcaster Catherine Ivers will be in conversation with Prof Iggy McGovern of Trinity College Dublin. Iggy McGovern is a poet and retired academic; he is a Fellow Emeritus in the School of Physics at Trinity College Dublin and has published two collections of poetry with Dedalus Press, The King of Suburbia (2005) and Safe House (2010). He edited the anthology 2012: Twenty Irish Poets Respond to Science in Twelve Lines, published by Dedalus Press in association with Quaternia Press, and co-edited (with Jean-Patrick Connerade) Science Meets Poetry 3, published by Euroscience. His most recent book, A Mystic Dream of 4, a sonnet sequence based on the life of William Rowan Hamilton, 19th Century Irish Mathematician & Poet, is published by Quaternia Press (2013). Iggy McGovern’s life has been a heady mix of religion, science and poetry. The Trinity College lecturer grew up in Coleraine and, as well as studying physics at Queens University, spent two years as a student seminarian. In 1979 he came to Dublin to take up a lecturing post at Trinity and continues to teach science students there today. In 1990 he began writing poetry and in 1996 he won the Hennessy poetry award. Most recently his poems have featured in the Dart Poetry In Motion series Click to Book Submissions Wanted	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2238
__label__wiki	0.945952	0.945952	washingtonpost.com > Politics Nancy Pelosi to lead House Democrats, but path is unclear Election 2010: New faces coming to Washington Republicans recaptured control of the House and made gains in the Senate on Tuesday night, sparking celebrations across the country. » LAUNCH PHOTO GALLERY By Shailagh Murray and Paul Kane Thursday, November 18, 2010; 12:54 AM House Democrats elected Rep. Nancy Pelosi as minority leader Wednesday, turning to the once-powerful speaker to oversee a shrunken and demoralized caucus. After two days of closed-door meetings in which they rehashed the election and argued about who was to blame, the Democrats remain uncertain of the political path forward. Speaking to reporters after the vote, Pelosi (Calif.) and her leadership team did not offer ideas for rebuilding the party ranks that were decimated by defeats in moderate and conservative districts, leaving behind the smallest group of House Democrats since the Truman administration. "This is an experienced, diverse leadership team that is very strong," Pelosi said. "It is a team that took us to victory in '05 and '06 and will take us to victory again. In the meantime, I would say to the American people: We extend a hand of friendship to the Republicans; we look forward to hearing their ideas on job creation and deficit reduction." While Republicans unanimously nominated Rep. John A. Boehner (Ohio) on Wednesday as the next House speaker, Pelosi faced a surprisingly strong rebellion against her hold on power. Her 150 to 43 victory revealed a schism, with many Democrats - including some who voted for her - upset to see the leadership remain intact. The 2011 Democratic leaders are familiar faces. Rep. Steny H. Hoyer (Md.), who is currently Pelosi's No. 2 , was elected to the No. 2 job of minority whip. Rep. James E. Clyburn (S.C.), currently Pelosi's No. 3, won the third-ranking position of assistant leader. "So far there hasn't been the optical sign that people are looking for - that they get it," complained Rep. Bill Pascrell Jr. (N.J.). He was one of 68 Democrats who tried to put off the leadership vote until Dec. 8 so that members could have more time to consider their options. Pascrell, a liberal, ended up voting for Pelosi. But he did not seem enthusiastic. Electing the "same old, same old" leaders, he said, sent a signal that Democrats have no intention of tempering their ambitious and partisan policy agenda. "We're not just electing people. We're electing a path to the future." In her remarks after Wednesday's vote, Pelosi rejected that opinion and attributed the party's steep midterm losses to the sluggish economy and a $75 million GOP ad campaign that vilified her. Many of the House Democrats who opposed Pelosi were members of the Blue Dog Coalition, a bloc of fiscal conservatives whose ranks were sharply cut on Nov. 2. Rep. Heath Shuler (N.C.), a Blue Dog who survived the election, offered himself as a token opponent to Pelosi, and his 43 votes exceeded expectations. He found unlikely support among liberals who had backed Pelosi in the past, yet now think that Democratic leaders should pay a price for the party's defeats. Pelosi, 70, Hoyer, 71, and Clyburn, 70, represent one of the oldest leadership teams ever selected by a congressional party caucus. On the GOP side, Rep. Eric Cantor (Va.), 47, currently Boehner's second in command, will take Hoyer's job of majority leader. And Rep. Kevin McCarthy (Calif.), 45, the head of recruitment for the Republican class of 2010, will become majority whip, the chief vote-counting job now filled by Clyburn. The top three Republicans have been in Congress 34 years combined; the Democratic trio has served 71 years. Pelosi's allies said she should be credited for historic, though unpopular, legislative victories on issues including health care and climate change. They said she is determined to make the economy her priority. "Ultimately, we've got to produce and stand for policies that will bring down the unemployment rate. It's not who says it, it's what we say," Rep. Brad Sherman (Calif.) said in Pelosi's defense. "I've known Nancy for decades," Sherman continued. "She hasn't changed. What's changed is the unemployment rate." In the two weeks since the election, Pelosi has expressed no public regrets about her decisions and has not given any sense, in public statements or in private talks with fellow Democrats, that a new approach may be in the works. Indeed, the only improvement that Pelosi allies have advocated is for Democrats to offer a more vigorous defense of their embattled leader against GOP attacks. Pelosi and Boehner both lead caucuses that were significantly changed by the election. On the GOP side, scores of conservative "young guns" are charging into Washington, determined to slash spending and roll back Democratic health-care, education and environmental laws. There will also be a smaller, but politically relevant, contingent of freshmen from suburban swing districts. Pelosi will lead a more liberal caucus stacked with members from urban areas on the East and West coasts. After losing the majority, the biggest change for House Democrats is the depleted number of voices from the industrial Midwest and South. Dozens of moderate Democrats were defeated, many of them after serving just one or two terms. Liberal House Democrats were frustrated by the policy compromises they were forced to make to accommodate their colleagues from states including Ohio, Indiana and Georgia. For instance, during the health-care debate, the Democratic classes of 2006 and 2008 were instrumental in demanding that a government-run insurance option be dropped from the bill. Senate Democrats also lost seats in the politically vital Midwest; they responded by making a series of institutional changes, including the elevation of a junior senator, Mark Begich of conservative-leaning Alaska, to the party leadership. Senate Majority Leader Harry M. Reid (Nev.) also expanded the portfolio of Sen. Charles E. Schumer (N.Y.), the No. 3 Senate Democrat, who recruited the Senate classes of 2006 and 2008 and advocates a more pragmatic approach to legislating. Reid is also in the middle of reshuffling several top aides in his leadership staff. As Rep. James P. Moran Jr. (D-Va.) noted, the House Democratic ranks have virtually been stripped bare of moderate-to-conservative Democrats such as Begich, leaving behind more liberal members who remain loyal to Pelosi. "The caucus that Nancy is now representing is much more consistent with her own personal views and beliefs," Moran said. kanep@washpost.com murrays@washpost.com Staff writer Felicia Sonmez contributed to this report.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2240
__label__wiki	0.6485	0.6485	Trans 101 Trans Healthcare Reviews On Our Terms Ygender FOR TRANS YOUTH BY TRANS YOUTH Artist Spotlight: Tenna Mynott-Rudland June 29, 2019 F Ocean Tenna Mynott-Rudland is a local feminist creator who moves between creative spheres with ease and enthusiasm. I recently had the pleasure of sitting down for a cheeky chai and a chat with them to discuss activism in the arts, striving for intersectionality, and expanding the conversation around trans issues. This interview has been condensed for clarity. What pronouns do you use? My gender identity is non-binary or genderfluid, but I also sometimes use the term genderqueer. My pronouns are they/them, but I do use she/her in some circumstances for certain reasons. You are one of the cofounders of the online zine Girls Will Be Girls. You’ve spent several years curating space for intersectional feminist discourse. What has Girls Will Be Girls meant for you personally in your development as a feminist and as a person? Girls Will Be Girls was a place for facilitation of artists and writers and comic-makers. At the very beginning of making it, it was about creating a space for our friends to put words and pictures about things that mattered to them, and it very quickly grew into a space where we could create a community to do that – which was for me the most important thing about it, and the thing I love the most about it. We continued with the zine because I think it’s really important to create a feminist community, and a feminist community that is intersectional and inclusive. I’ve met so many amazing people through doing the online platform. Did the space give you opportunities to confront questions and take on ideas that you probably wouldn’t have otherwise? I think definitely. When I first started I was quite freshly out of uni, and my idea of my own personal politics and my own feminism was, compared to now, quite basic. And I was like, ‘okay, these are the things that matter to me’. You know, like, ‘women shouldn’t have to feel obligated to present themselves in a certain way’, and ‘men suck’, and all of this stuff which was quite tongue-in-cheek I guess. Being exposed to all of the ideas and opinions of the people who were writing for us, and the things that mattered to them, gave me a lot of insight into how feminism can vary from person to person, and how you can incorporate feminist politics into your life in really small ways just as much as you can in really big ways. But I think my personal politics evolved so much through that process, and towards the end of it – ‘cause we’re closing down the zine… It’s sad. The end of an era. The end of an era! It’s been what, three or four years? But towards the end of that, I started to feel uncomfortable with the way we had set it out as a premise. I would love to do a really similar project, but from the very outset having it be much more intersectional. ‘Cause even though it was intersectional, I think that there was a lot more that we could have done. You’re also a theatremaker, and you’ve done a lot of work in production and stage management. I’m currently stage and production managing a stage adaptation of A Room of One’s Own by Virginia Woolf which will be showing at fortyfivedownstairs and across regional Victoria. I’m also in development for a show that’s going to be up next year called The Mermaid, which is kind of a retelling of The Little Mermaid using the verbatim retellings of young teenagers, and it will be a show about socialised gender narratives and how these young people relate to these myths and these stories. ‘Cause The Little Mermaid is quite iconically a big trans head-canon. So what is it about production and stage management that draws you? I love being in a creative space around creative people. I have never been much of the person to be in the creative lead – I really fit really well in a facilitative role. And so production management and stage management kind of satisfies all those parts of me because you get to be creative in how you solve your problems, and you get to work with really creative people, but without having all of the responsibility of the final creative product of the show, which is great for me! I also find it just really exciting to see how shows grow and develop and I love working in collaborative environments, because you get to meet amazing people and make art together, and there’s nothing better than that. You’ve recently come out with a new YouTube channel called Tea Time with Tenna and Theo. And you’ve also recently come out! Have you found that your work has evolved since coming out, not just publicly, but since coming out to yourself? I think it definitely has. I think I’m more likely now to… I’m more careful. I put a lot more thought into what I do, because it’s something that I’m thinking about constantly, whereas before it was something that I was trying not to think about. So now that I’m out and I can think about it and I can openly speak about it, I am much more careful in how I create work and how I start conversations with people, in a way that I wasn’t before. And I think you can see that as well if you look at any of my writing from when I was on Girls Will Be Girls, like I said, it was kind of ‘feminism lite’. Like, it’s all about just women and body hair, and men being feminists and not knowing how to do that in a way that’s helpful, which I think is sadly still true, but now I’m thinking more – the conversations that I’m having on Tea Time with Tenna and Theo are much more broad and they’re not necessarily focused on this one small thing that is what was my identity as a woman. ‘Cause I was clinging to that, I was like, ‘I’m a woman and therefore I have to write about these things.’ From the first videos that have gone up, you’ve got a very interesting look at the ‘Gender Tag’ for the second video, which is very explicitly about gender presentation, gender identity… but the first video is a much broader conversation about separating the art from the artist and ‘cancel culture’, and it doesn’t explicitly discuss trans identity, but that’s the kind of conversation that very rarely is being held by people who are trans. And I think that’s really important as well, because we exist in the world, and our thoughts and opinions are out there whether or not they’re specifically related to trans issues. And even though a lot of issues need to be addressed, I think the conversation about boycotting is just as important to trans issues. There was a conversation that we had about ‘what do you do if someone comes out and makes transphobic comments?’ which is something a lot of artists, a lot of actors, a lot of directors have done. That conversation didn’t make it in, but in one of the videos we’re talking about toxic masculinity, and we are talking about ‘how does masculinity feed into gender identity?’ which I think is something that doesn’t often get a lot of light shed on it. Since you have been more openly acknowledging your gender, have you found there is a difference in the way that others are engaging with your work or relating to your work when you talk about feminism and gender issues? I don’t think it’s shifted in a drastic way, but I think before I would talk really generally about gender identity and trans-exclusionary feminism. Now if I have those conversations they carry a little bit more weight. Before it was like ‘oh, she’s just doing whatever’. And it’s like ‘no, they’re non-binary and they’re coming at it from a specific viewpoint and personal experience’. You’ve consistently used your various platforms to draw attention to voices and issues that often get side-lined. Do you have any recommendations for aspiring creators on ways in which they can strive to be inclusive and be accessible from the get-go? I think the most important thing at the start of any creative process is to make yourself a checklist and ask yourself: are you ticking those boxes off? So that checklist is what’s important to you and what’s important to be inclusive, and if you do that from the get-go, if you go ‘am I including trans and non-binary people? Am I including people of colour? Am I having conversations in a way that is accessible to people of different abilities? Am I closed captioning?’ Depending on what your platform is. But if you’re already in the middle of a creative process, it’s never too late to start asking those questions. That’s something that I’m doing a lot more of now. The other thing is just having conversations with people and with your audiences and asking what’s important to them, and trying to incorporate that into your practice, because we all have to evolve at some point. Do you have any favourite go-to creators and activists and writers that you would recommend readers look at who do that work? People like Nayuka Gorrie and Celeste Liddle I think are really important to read if you haven’t read them before because they come from a decolonial standpoint that I think is really important to feminism, and to trans rights in general. If you’re interested in YouTube, Tea Time with Tenna and Theo I’ve been trying to cut down my intake of pop culture, I’ve been reading a lot more books. In so much of your work you are using social media and engaging in online discourse, and there’s a lot of self-care that would be necessary. Do you have any books or anything you turn to to reset? My reset series has always been Buffy the Vampire Slayer, which I think is something that a lot of people in the queer community turn to for that, because allegorically the storyline kind of fits with queer experiences. So that’s my go-to, feel good reset TV show. My book’s always going to be Harry Potter, which again, for the same reasons, allegorically the storylines kind of fit in with the trans experience, the queer experience. Going forward, what are the kinds of conversations that you’re looking at having, the stories you want to tell and ideas you want to engage? My focal point in my personal and creative life always comes from an activist perspective. So if I can work on projects that inspire action towards change, that’s my ideal world. The specific context of that activism is not necessarily as important to me. I worked on a show recently about the refugee crisis, and refugees on Nauru, and that was an amazing experience. A Room of One’s Own by Virginia Woolf as an adaptation makes a key feminist text accessible to modern audiences. And the next show I’m working on is about socialised gender narratives in the world. And all of those things are equally as important to me. A huge part of the ‘trans experience’ is that you’re constantly being expected to answer questions for people. Are there any questions that you want to be asked that you don’t get a chance to be asked? Or any questions that you want to have a platform to ask of others? As a non-binary person, I never get asked enough what my pronouns are. If people could start asking each other their pronouns more often, that would be a great world to be living in! I’m always open to having questions asked. I think the questions I want to ask of people, it’s always like ‘what are you doing to help us?’ And that’s the question I keep on asking other people in my life. ‘What are you doing to help my experience be easier in the world?’ And also, ‘how can I help you do that?’ Because I think people are often a bit scared coming into it. If you’re trying and you come to it from an honest standpoint, and you genuinely want to help, then I’m right there with you. Tags OnOurTerms ← TransChat: Queer HistoryVictorian Birth Certificate Reform → ©Ygender 2018 \| SITE Made with love by Margot Fink	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2241
__label__wiki	0.642452	0.642452	Samsung shrugs off Galaxy fiasco and a political scandal in South Korea to post 50 per cent jump in profit BusinessBy admin January 6, 2017 Leave a comment Samsung Electronics Co. said Friday that its profits in the last quarter of 2016 surged 50 per cent to the highest level in more than three years, despite the Galaxy Note 7 fiasco. Analysts had expected Samsung’s profits to surge thanks to its mainstay semiconductor business, but the result surpassed even the most optimistic forecasts.… How to Identify the Perfect Influencer for Your Business More and more businesses are relying on influencers to add credibility to their brand. Since consumers are increasingly wary about trusting what businesses tell them, this is one way brands can still have a voice. According to Tomoson’s Influencer Marketing Study, not only is influencer marketing one of the most effective marketing strategies, it also:… Messaging app Telegram adds unsend feature Disappearing messages don’t impress security professionals, given how flimsy a privacy protection they offer, but despite an inherently fickle form the feature keeps recurring on comms platforms. The latest to add what it calls an “unsend” feature is mobile messaging platform Telegram — which is now letting users retrieve (i.e. delete) messages within two days of sending them, once… Maybelline taps digital makeup influencers for new mascara campaign Maybelline is going where the influencers are. The L’Oréal-owned-cosmetics brand today announced that the video campaign for its new Volum’ Express the Colossal Big Shot mascara will feature two makeup artist vloggers known for their sizable social media followings. Manny Gutierrez — @Mannymua733 — and Shayla Mitchell — @MakeupbyShayla — will appear in two promotional videos for… 23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561562563564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585586587588589590591592593594595596597598599600601602603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617618619620621622623624625626627628629630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667668669670671672673674675676677678679680681682683684685686687688689690691692693694695696697698699700701702703704705706707708709710711712713714715716717718719720721722723724725726727728729730731732733734735736737738739740741742743744745746747748749750751752753754755756757758759760761762763764765766767768769770771772773774775776777778779780781782783784785786787788789790791792793794795796797798799800801802803804805806807808809810811812813814815816817818819820821822823824825826827828829830831832833834835836837838839840	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2243
__label__cc	0.735672	0.264328	You are here Travel guides Culture Festivals Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras Listed under Festivals in Sydney, Australia. Photo by flickr user S Baker It’s hot, it’s big, it’s sparkly and colourful, it’s loud, it’s in time with the music and it’s live! It’s also shown on prime time television and attended by families as well as party animals, it’s a spectacle like no other - it’s The Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras! The irony of the success of Sydney’s Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras is the opposition the original event in 1978 received. Held as a solidarity march in response to New York’s Stonewall riots, the initial march was marred by clashes with police and 53 arrests. The arrests were later quashed and in the process support for the event grew. Recent events have attracted crowds of more than 500,000 with participants coming from all over the world to take part in the season of events that now surrounds the parade. The evening itself involves marching, floats, costumes and dancing (and mad parties!) and closes down large sections of central Sydney (if you‘re not going to the parade it‘s best not to try and go out on Mardi Gras night.). You need to stake your spot along the route early to get a good view and it's become popular to book hotel rooms along the route. The parade after party is one of the hottest tickets in town. Its popularity hasn’t lessened the inclusive message, but it can be trickier to get tickets for events if you’re not gay… Official Website of the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras. Written by Kat Mackintosh. Carnival is a celebration of fun, music and frivolity held worldwide, but Rio Carnival is the biggest and the best known. More… White Nights Festival During the summer months of May and June in St. Petersburg the city is so far north that the sun never quite sets, with both tw… New Orleans Mardi Gras The New Orleans Mardi Gras Carnival reflects the party spirit of a city still recovering from the aftermath of Hurricane Katrin… Shopping the Rocks This is duty free heaven. Opals, merino fleeces, gold, Aboriginal Art and other things visitors think are quintessential Austra… Sail Sydney Harbour One of my all time favourite days sailing I spent on Sydney Harbour. You can go out of the heads and up the coastline and it’s… This old skool amusement park has been around since the 1930’s and has one of the best views in Sydney, its huge clown face sig… Sydney travel guide New South Wales travel guide Australia travel specialists	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2247
__label__wiki	0.927309	0.927309	500 Club Goes Again for 2018 Window Chairboys fans have the opportunity once again to help play their part in the club’s on-field success by becoming a 500 Club member for the 2017/18 season. Now in its second year, the 500 Club – an idea initiated and developed by a group of supporters – aims to raise £75,000 to be spent on new players or extending the contracts of current players, having contributed to the strengthening of the squad in the last January transfer window. Manager Gareth Ainsworth was able to reward star striker Scott Kashket with a new deal and bring Dominic Gape and Sam Saunders to the club on permanent transfers using funds from the 500 Club, all of which are generated by the Wanderers’ loyal supporters. 500 Club ’18 is now open, inviting fans to sign up for £150 a year, either as a one-off payment or via monthly instalments of £12.50. Members will receive a 500 Club ’18 badge, entry into a number of draws with money-can’t-buy prizes, second priority (after season ticket holders) for high-demand away cup games, and an invitation to an exclusive event with the players. Club and Trust Chairman Trevor Stroud said: “We were blown away by the success of the 500 Club in its first year, and on behalf of Gareth and everyone at the club, I’d like to say thank you once again to everyone who contributed and played their part in keeping the squad as strong as it could be. It would be fantastic if we could achieve similar results with the 500 Club this season and make more funds available for the January transfer window.” Visit 500wanderers.co.uk to sign up today.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2249
__label__wiki	0.609261	0.609261	Hidden ShareLink Link ShareOnFacebook Button ShareOnTwitter Button Delicious Button Blogger Button Digg Button StumbleUpon Button MySpace Button Tumblr Button GoogleBookmarks Button MailTo Button The impending rain couldn’t dampen the spirits of Glen Cove High School’s Class of 2015 as they congregated with family members, administrators and Board of Education members at J.C. Maiden Field for their commencement ceremony on June 27. During the ceremony, which was highlighted by musical selections from the school’s concert choir and band, administrators and student leaders offered words of encouragement and advice to the graduating class as they readied to enter the next phase of their lives. Interim Principal Roseann Cirnigliaro reminded students that they were guaranteed to miss 100 percent of their shots in life if they didn’t take risks. “I wish all of you the courage to fully engage in the larger world you are about to enter,” she said. “I hope you find the passion in your life that makes you willing to take the risks needed to pursue your dreams.” Superintendent of Schools Maria Rianna told students that their graduation from high school signified the beginning of their journey to adult life. “It’s a journey to be savored every step of the way,” she said. “Along the way you will encounter possibilities. Those possibilities can bring to you adventure, beauty, contributions and goodness. What you take from those possibilities should be things that are truly important and help you discover the joy, the passion, the purpose and the meaning in every day of your life.” Board of Education President Richard Maccarone described the Glen Cove community as one big happy family and expressed his confidence that the Class of 2015 will be successful in their future endeavors. “You are prepared to do anything you set your mind to,” he said. “You can achieve your dreams. There is no doubt in my mind that you can be successful, but always remember Glen Cove. The people of Glen Cove will be with you every step of the way, cheering you on for greater success.” Salutatorian Jenny Armstrong spoke to students about engaging in the game of life. “As you may have figured out,” she said, “life is not a spectator sport. Win, lose or draw, the game is in progress whether we want it to be or not, so go ahead — argue with the refs, change the rules, take a break and tend to your wounds, but play. Play hard, play fast, play loose and play free.” Other speeches were given by honorarian Ali Raza, teacher Christopher Contorno, Class President Elias Gabriel Argueta Guillen and valedictorian Andrew Gerin, who encouraged his classmates to keep their families and friends close. “As you grow in age and move on, be sure to keep your family and friends relevant,” Gerin said. “No matter what you say or how stupid you act, these are the people who will always forgive you.” The ceremony concluded with the awarding of diplomas and the traditional tossing of the caps.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2251
__label__cc	0.532821	0.467179	A. The presiding examiner will provide for an expedited pre-application funding disbursement schedule to assure early and meaningful public involvement. Following receipt of initial requests for pre-application funds, the presiding examiner shall expeditiously make an initial award of pre-application funds. Subject to the availability of funds, the presiding examiner may fix additional dates for submission of fund requests. Thereafter the presiding examiner may make additional awards of pre-application funds, in relation to the potential for such awards to make an effective contribution to review of the preliminary scoping statement. A. A notice of intent to be a party must be filed with the Secretary to the Siting Board. A. The presiding examiner will award funds on an equitable basis to municipal and local parties who will use them to contribute to a complete record leading to an informed decision as to the appropriateness of the site and the facility and will facilitate broad participation in the proceeding.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2257
__label__cc	0.748383	0.251617	Trump wants to impose sanctions gradually on Iran's oil Iran's military forces staged war exercises and its president defiantly vowed to "break" U.S. sanctions on oil sales... … Wednesday, November 07, 2018 \| People \| Read More Georgia's Brian Kemp Accuses Democrats Of 'Potential Cyber Crimes' Ahead Of Election The remainder of those asked are still undecided. Shortly before the 2016 presidential election, he was one of 11 secr... … Helicopter crash kills two Sam Houston State newlyweds Gerald Green Lawrence, the pilot of the Bell 206B helicopter, also died in the 1:47 a.m. crash. Fox News reports tha... … Monday, November 05, 2018 \| People \| Read More Salah Khashoggi: Picture of handshake with Crown Prince misinterpreted The official said Turkey believes that two members of the team "came to Turkey for the sole objective of covering up... … Girl scouts killed by truck while litter picking on roadside Treu was being held in the Chippewa County Jail on 13 possible charges, including four counts of intoxicated use of a mo... … Brexit financial services deal 'imminent', says minister Glen, the financial services minister, said he is "extremely confident we will reach an imminent deal", Reuters reported... … In Nigeria 'being Shiite is being persecuted' THE AI (Amnesty International) report on the clash between Nigerian soldiers and members of the Islamic Movement in N... … Row erupts over killing of tigress India's Supreme Court had issued a hunting order for T1 - blamed for 13 deaths since June 2016 - in September, ruling... … Jimmy Buffett Takes Aim at Republicans During Florida Democratic Rally Democrat Andrew Gillum is leading DeSantis while Scott is tied with Democratic Sen. Saturday morning began on Friday ... … Netanyahu: stability in Saudi Arabia vital Khashoggi vanished after entering the consulate in Istanbul to pick up paperwork for his upcoming marriage to his Cengiz... … Hassan Rouhani says Iran to sell oil, defy United States sanctions Iran's military was also quoted as saying it would hold air drills on Monday and Tuesday to prove the country's defensiv... … President tells UN Secretary General:New Govt will continue to uphold democracy Since the war with the LTTE ended in 2009, the Sri Lankan government has denied that those imprisoned LTTE members are p... … Jewish temple in Brooklyn defaced with anti-Semitic graffiti And in NY, a political event hosted by Ilana Glazer of Comedy Central's " Broad City " at the Union Temple Synagogue... … Sunday, November 04, 2018 \| People \| Read More 1 person killed, 4 wounded in shooting at Tallahassee hot yoga studio People inside Hot Yoga Tallahassee appeared to have fought Scott Paul Beierle, a 40-year-old man from Deltona , Florida... … Cohen: trump often made racist statements Cohen went on to say that he and Trump drove through a low-income neighborhood, and Trump said to him that only the "... … US Soldier Killed In Kabul Had Been A Utah Mayor According to the Washington Post , Taylor was killed when a member of the Afghan security forces opened fire on USA fo... … A victory... but little comfort for Leicester City The elaborate funeral of Leicester City's Thai owner and duty-free mogul Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha began at a Buddhist te... … Turkey to be exempted from United States sanctions on Iran: minister Pompeo said two of the jurisdictions, which he did not identify, will wind down Iranian oil imports to zero in "weeks". ... … BREXIT: Britain, EU strike financial services deal The opposition Labour Party has all but ruled out supporting any deal May reaches with Brussels, leaving the prime minis... … Saudi-backed forces advance towards Yemen's Hodeidah as UN warns of famine Calling the attacked structures "legitimate military targets", Malki said he will provide "evidence" of violations by th... … « First « 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 » Last »	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2263
__label__cc	0.552135	0.447865	Privacy Business : TheFinancialCentreOfTheUkIsLondon The Financial Centre Of The Uk Is London Along with the famous locations to visit in London like Buckingham Palace in Victoria, the London Museum or Big Ben, there are much more other things that you can do. Why not travel on a few of the red buses, as opposed to the more costly, however good, tourist buses take some of the standard buses and sit upstairs and see a various London. London has some charming green spaces and squares that you can visit. Hyde Park, Kensington Gardens and Battersea Park are great examples. If you enjoy train stations then London is the place with numerous terrific Victorian station's consisting of King's Cross. Bow Hair London is a terrific location to stroll in. There is a lot to see despite what you like. In the summertime if you like vintage cars you can see Kensington and see all the imported vehicles from the oil rich Arab states. Too hot there so they come and fly in their super automobiles. The area around Harrods is full of them. You can question into these terrific shops or you can walk around the many green open spaces that are on offer. It is also quick to change the area you are strolling in by utilizing the general public transportation. You have to either get a travel pass or an oyster card. The theatre has been essential to London from Roman times. In the 16th century William Shakespeare lived here at a time that the theatre was seem as decadent by the spiritual fraternity. His plays were carried out at an Elizabethan playhouse-- The World on the south banks of the Thames in Southwark. Whilst it was burnt down in 1613 following a mishap with a cannon during Henry VIII! The theatre was rebuilt in 1997 near to the original site on the banks of the Thames utilizing comparable materials near the original design. Well worth a check out as the plays are performed in the method they would have been performed in the 17th century. London bases on the banks of the River Thames and whilst dating back to pre-history it was probably established by the Romans who employed Londonium. The centre of London is the city of London which with just seven thousand inhabitants is the UK's tiniest city. People get puzzled with this small city and the larger area that people understand, love and hate. The bigger or Greater London has more than twelve million individuals and is governed by Boris the Mayor of London. The location likewise has it's own management location and London Assembly. Buckingham Palace developed from Buckingham Home that was purchased by George III in 1762 and took over 75 years. It was initially the house of the Queen Charlotte. Today's palace was the outcome of the architect Nashs work during the 19th century who included 3 wings around the courtyard. It then became fantastic adequate to end up being the official residence of Queen Victoria and subsequent emperors. Numerous of the rooms are still in the early 19th century design style. Buckingham Palace is also the house of the biggest private yard in London, walled with a a pond it is the home of numerous of London's animals. If you are checking out London you need to go and have a trip on the River Thames. It is amazing what you can see. There is the Tower of London, Tower Bridge and your homes of Parliament. You can either use the commuters River clipper or take among the tourist boats. You can even dine on the river, though it might be better to go for a conventional traveler trips and try a dining establishment on dry land-- or one of the fantastic bars that London has to offer. Even the famous Chef Gordon Ramsay has a bar on the Thames in East London. British Government is run by the Residence of Commons which fulfills the Palace of Westminster. The Hose of Lords likewise meets right here and are collectively referred to as your houses of Parliament. The Palace of Westminster pushes the North bank of the River Thames. The first Royal Palace at the website dates back to the 11th century and was the house of the Kings of England up until 1512 when it was burnt down. The re-build complex was the home of Parliament and Royal Courts of Justice. In 1834 another fire struck the website and it was reconstructed by Charles Barry keeping as much of that remained as possible. He recovered land from the Thames and completion result after thirty years of building was exactly what we see today with its 1100 spaces and the Elizabeth Tower that is understood by most people as Big Ben. Tourism is enhancing in London. It offer's it visitors so much with terrific places to go to. Whether Buckingham Palace or St Paul's for those thinking about history or to the Tate Modern gallery for those interested in modern art. For numerous visitor's it is the draw of shopping in London-- from Oxford Street or the markets' of Pimlico and Borough Market. The dining establishments and cafes are excellent offering food from around the globe and boasting the biggest variety of Michelin stars outside of France. London dates back to prehistory with proof of big wood structures dating back to 4500BC and a bronze age bridge. It's place as a crucial crossing point on the River Thames. It was the Romans who established the location, though it did not last long prior to Boudica and her Iceni people burned it to the ground. The Romans reconstructed it and it changed Colchester as the capital of Britannia and developed to a population of 60,000. The city stayed within these Roman walls up until 1300, though the population dropped down to 18,000 in 1100. London county Owner: PephizDetIvcis Your hostname is 54.237.249.90	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2264
__label__wiki	0.919715	0.919715	You are here: Home Proscar schmidt Cheapest Proscar Buy Online Proscar Uk Low Price Proscar - BUY HERE DR MAX PEMBERTON Ill start with the good news. I have no doubt that Theresa May cares passionately about the NHS, as indeed does the chief executive of NHS England Simon Stevens. President Trump reiterated that he may declare a national emergency if Congress does not meet his demand for billions of dollars to construct a wall along the U.S.-Mexico frontier. Jonah Green reports. A professor of pain studies at McGill University found men remember earlier painful experiences with more clarity than women and, as a result, get more stressed to later pain in the same place. A broadcast often known for boozy troublemaking seemed mainly to want to stay out of trouble this year. Sandra Oh won the second Globe trophy of her career. She was awarded best actress in a television drama for her performance in Killing Eve. An Arkansas city council candidate who twice showed up too late to vote for himself in a contest that ended in a tie wound up losing the race on Thursday in a dice roll to decide the winner. After reviewing video of the attack, the authorities said that Frank Magnitz suffered injuries when he fell to the ground after being hit once, but that no one hit him with an object or kicked him. Let us help you start your day. Mr. Begles efforts on behalf of performers like Ruth Brown led to royalty reform and the creation of the charitable Rhythm and Blues Foundation. The struggling retailer and its chairman, Edward Lampert, reached a deal that would let him sweeten his bid to acquire the company and keep its roughly 400 stores open. Moves like Mnuchins phone calls to bank C.E.O.s could create a broader crisis of confidence. Li Yuan conducts much of her work on the WeChat mobile app, including spotting trends and prodding sources to get back to her. Golden State center DeMarcus Cousins is targeting Jan. 18 for his return to the court, and said he plans to start when the Warriors face the Clippers in Los Angeles. This weeks properties include a five-bedroom in Southport Conn., and a four-bedroom in Bayville, N.Y. U.S. President Donald Trump said after talks with congressional Republicans on Wednesday that the party was unified in its demands for border security. Rough Cut (no reporter narration). As the partial U.S. government shutdown neared the end of its 20th day, President Donald Trump and congressional Democrats remained divided over his demands for funding a U.S.-Mexico border wall, with a prompt resolution looking unlikely. Bruce Willis, Samuel L. Jackson, James McAvoy and Sarah Paulson walk the red carpet for M. Night Shyamalan's new thriller which merges past storylines. Rough cut (no reporter narration). As the partial U.S. government shutdown neared the end of its 20th day, President Donald Trump and congressional Democrats remained divided over his demands for funding a U.S.-Mexico border wall, with a prompt resolution looking unlikely. Stocks moved higher in Thursdays trading session; Retail sales fell for the third straight month; Houshold net worth hit a new record. Bobbi Rebell reports. Vic Hadfield was a dominant force with Jean Ratelle and Rod Gilbert in the 1960s and 70s, long before Mark Messier came along. They both know how to control the narrative. But one of them comes across as a human being and the other as a cartoon bobblehead. An I.T. expert working for the crime lord helped the F.B.I. obtain dozens of intimate and incriminating text messages he wrote to the women. Winning films, TV shows, actors and production teams at the 76th Golden Globes. The Spanish Civil Guard has made widespread arrests following an investigation into tennis match-fixing by an organized Armenian criminal gang, the European Union's Europol agency said on Thursday. The automaker announced Monday that its first official venture in the oil-rich Middle East will be in the United Arab Emirates. Matt Markss breakthrough work, The Little Death Vol. 1, will be revived as part of the Prototype festival, after his death in May at 38. The oceans are warming faster than previously estimated, setting a new temperature record in 2018 in a trend that is damaging marine life, scientists said on Thursday. The virtuoso trumpeter, who died last year, will be honored at two venues. Johnson Johnson raised U.S. prices on around two dozen prescription drugs on Thursday, including the psoriasis treatment Stelara, prostate cancer drug Zytiga and blood thinner Xarelto, all among its top-selling products. Flanked by border agents who are going without paychecks during a government shutdown, U.S. President Donald Trump threatened on Thursday to use emergency powers to bypass Congress to pay for a wall on the U.S.-Mexico border. Cure pain medications, herpes prevention and treatment, home remedies for vaginosis, acne medication list, generic names for gastrointestinal disease medications, fast relief for infections, brands of hypertension medicine	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2265
__label__wiki	0.976705	0.976705	Set in a military art troupe in 1970s China, Feng Xiaogang’s latest is a coming-of-age story about young people making peace with the past and making the most of the present. Feng Xiaogang Xuan Huang, Miao Miao, Chuxi Zhong, Caiyu Yang, Xiaofeng Li, Keru Wang, Yuan Sui Veteran Chinese director Feng Xiaogang's follow-up to I Am Not Madame Bovary — which enjoyed its triumphant world premiere at last year's Festival — is a sweeping marvel. At once brutal and tender, teeming with characters and history while also deeply intimate and personal, Youth takes us back to the 1970s to find a country and its young people at a point of great tumult and transition. Youth chronicles the joys and travails of a provincial military-arts troupe, soldiers in the People's Liberation Army whose duty it is to promote culture, revolutionary values, music, and dance. At the centre of the story is He Xiaoping (Miao Miao) a talented dancer from Beijing with a painful family history. Due to her innocence and social status, Xiaoping quickly becomes a scapegoat and laughing stock amongst her peers. As time passes and the group gradually splinters apart, however, her life takes unexpected turns and she emerges a true heroine. Drawing heart-rending performances from his cast of newcomers, Feng captures the period in dazzling colours and widescreen camerawork that is as expansive and unbridled as I Am Not Madame Bovary's was deliberately constricted. Youth is, after all, about embracing possibility and coming to terms with the knotty nature of freedom, a coming-of-age tale for both its characters and the nation they inhabit. Feng has crafted a masterpiece brimming with fascinating specifics and universal experience. GIOVANNA FULVI	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2268
__label__wiki	0.612607	0.612607	996 by GGV Capital Our Listeners About 996 and GGV Capital Episode 20: Jixun Foo of GGV Capital: Behind the Scenes of China’s Venture Deals GGV Capital’s Hans Tung and Zara Zhang interview Jixun Foo (符绩勋), who is a Managing Partner at GGV Capital based in China. Jixun joined GGV in 2006 and has more than 20 years of experience in venture capital investing. He focuses on travel and transportation, social media and commerce as well as enterprise services in China. Jixun has led GGV’s investments in Qunar (去哪儿), Grab, Didi (滴滴出行), Youku-Tudou (优酷土豆), UCWeb, Mogujie-Meilishuo (美丽联合集团), MediaV, Full-Truck Alliance (formerly Yunmanman) (满帮集团), Meicai (美菜), and currently serves on the boards of XPeng (小鹏汽车), Hellobike (哈罗单车), Tujia (途家), Xiangwushuo (享物说), Zuiyou (最右) and Kujiale (酷家乐). Jixun played a critical role in many key strategic mergers and acquisitions, such as those of Youku-Tudou, Baidu/Qunar, Ctrip/Qunar, and Mogujie/Meilishuo. Jixun has been recognized by Forbes China as one of the “Best Venture Capitalists” every year since 2006, and frequently appears on the Forbes Midas list. Before GGV, Jixun was a Director at Draper Fisher Jurvetson ePlanet Ventures, where he led the firm’s investment in Baidu. Prior to DFJ ePlanet, Jixun led the Investment Group under the Finance & Investment Division of the National Science & Technology Board of Singapore (NSTB) and has also worked in the R&D division of Hewlett Packard. Jixun is from Singapore and graduated from the National University of Singapore with a First-Class Honors degree in Engineering, as well as a Master’s in Management of Technology from the university’s Graduate School of Business. In this episode, Jixun discusses how he started his career in venture capital, the insider story behind the merger between Youku and Tudou (the largest merger in Chinese tech history at the time), why he invested in the bike-sharing company HelloBike (which overtook Mobike and Ofo to become the top player in the country), and what sectors excite him today. Join our listeners’ community via WeChat/Slack at 996.ggvc.com/community. Zara Zhang: Hi, everyone. We’re excited to announce a new program, GGV Fellows, designed to help sea turtles, or haigui 海归, and Chinese students studying overseas, to get to know the Chinese entrepreneurial landscape better. As a sea turtle myself, I know that many of us worry that we’re not jiediqi 接地气 enough when we go back to China, lack a local network, or worry whether we can survive in a fiercely competitive market where most people work 996 if not 007. This program is designed to address those concerns. If you are a Chinese student or professional who is studying or working overseas or have done so in the past, this is a program designed for you. It is a week-long program in January 2019, in Beijing, during most U.S. colleges winter break. You will be able to learn from executives at some of China’s most valuable tech companies and visit some of their offices. You will also participate in mixers with students at top Chinese universities like Tsinghua and BeiDa to build a local network. Please visit fellows.ggvc.com for the application link and for more information. Hans Tung: Hi there. Welcome to the 996 podcast brought to you by GGV Capital. On this show we interview movers and shakers of China’s tech industry as well as tech leaders who have a U.S. China cross-border perspective. My name’s Hans Tung. I’m a managing partner at GGV Capital and have been working at startups and investing in them in both the U.S. and China for the past 20 years. Zara Zhang: My name is Zara Zhang. I’m an investment analyst at GGV Capital and a former journalist. Why is this show called 996? 9-9-6 is the work schedule that many Chinese founders have organically adopted. That is 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. six days a week. Hans Tung: To us 996 captures the intensity, drive, and speed of Chinese Internet companies, many of which are moving faster than even their American counterparts. Zara Zhang: On the show today we have Jixun Foo, managing partner at GGV Capital based in China. Jixun joined GGV in 2006 and has more than 20 years of experience in venture capital investing. He focuses on travel and transportation, social media and commerce, as well as enterprise services in China. Jixun has led GGV’s investments in Qunar 去哪儿, Grab, Didi 滴滴, Youku Tudou 优酷土豆, UCWeb, Mogujie Meilishuo 蘑菇街美丽说, MediaV, Full Truck Alliance or Yunmanman 运满满, Mei Cai 美菜, and currently serves on the boards of Xpeng Motors 小鹏汽车, Hellobike 哈罗单车, Tujia 途家, Xiangwushuo 享物说, ZuiYou 最右,and Kujiale 酷家乐. Jixun played a critical role in many key strategic merger and acquisitions in China, such as those of Youku + Tudou, Baidu + Qunar, Ctrip + Qunar, and Mogujie + Meilishuo 蘑菇街美丽说. Ever since his early investment in Baidu–and he was on the Board at Baidu for more than eight years, Jixun has been recognized by Forbes China as one of the best venture capitalists every year since 2006, and has frequently appeared on the Forbes Midas list worldwide. Prior to DFJ e-Planet, Jixun led the investment group under the Finance and Investment Division of the National Science and Technology Board of Singapore, which is called NSTB, and has worked in the R&D Division of Hewlett-Packard. Jixun is from Singapore and graduated from the National University of Singapore with a first class honours degree in engineering, as well as masters in management technology from the university’s Graduate School of Business. Zara Zhang: Welcome to the show, Jixun. Jixun Foo: Thank you. Zara Zhang: So I wanted to start with your earlier career. How did you end up in venture capital? Jixun Foo: Well it’s a bit of a twist and turn. You know I started to have the idea of being in venture capital when I was in Hewlett-Packard. I was an R&D engineer, and I spent some time in the U.S. I spent some time in the Valley, spent some time in Corvallis, Oregon, looking at all the innovations then. That was still ’95, ’96. Hans Tung: Corvallis, Oregon? Really? OSU, Oregon State University. Jixun Foo: It’s where HP has its printhead division, so I kind of went back and forth a little bit. Jixun Foo: And so it’s interesting how a lot of the technology innovation actually happens in the U.S. and even though I was a R&D engineer at Hewlett-Packard it was more of a localization effort, reformatting the printer if you will. You know, in different size and shapes to fit the different market segments. So that was where I said, well, in Asia at some point innovation has to take off. We have to have our own product technology innovation capability. And so you know I figured out whether I wanted to be an entrepreneur or an investor. so that’s where I really had the idea. But really there wasn’t a lot of startups. There wasn’t a lot of venture capital, and I thought a good stepping stone would be to join some venture capital then. There were a few like Walden and Vertex and so on. But when I wrote my CV, nobody really bothered to call back. So that was then. So the stepping stone for me was really NSTB, where I went in and started an incubator. I did that about four or five years. I know as part of the government initiative–. Hans Tung: What year was this? Jixun Foo: 1996 to 2000. That was the time where I wrote papers and I went around to world, actually. I went to Israel, I went to Ireland. I looked at all sorts of innovation initiatives, London, Cambridge, etc. I think it opened up my eyes a bit. The opportunity really came in 2000 when DFJ started expansion. You know, Tim Draper has this vision looking at venture capital and growing venture capital beyond the 20 mile radius. Hans Tung: Of Silicon Valley. Jixun Foo: And so I started DFJ e-Planet. That’s where I joined DFJ e-Planet, and it was my stent into the industry. Zara Zhang: One of the deals you did at DFJ e-Planet was Baidu. Could you talk about how you first met Robin Li 李彦宏, the founder? And why did you think it was a good idea to invest in them? Jixun Foo: Well to me to be honest I think at that time there were just waves of returnees from U.S. back to China. And through the DFJ network, which is a pretty powerful network with a strong affiliate network, I was referred to Robin. But I remember my first contact with Robin was over a video call to the Singapore office. Hans Tung: Was it a Skype call? Jixun Foo: No, no, we had a Polycom. We had a video call with Robin and so that was when I first met Robin and Eric. I found it interesting and went to Beijing and visited their office at Zhongguancun 中关村at that time. And I still remember, it was this pretty rundown place called Beida Ziyuan Binguan 北大资源宾馆, just outside of BeiDa. There were very few people. They had like 13, 14 people then. And so, why invest? You know looking at the environment, looking at these guys coming back, I mean leaving their family behind and coming back to strive and make a difference in the market that they believe is growing. It’s you know, it’s just you feel the passion. And that really kind of gave me the view that hey, you know, these guys could do it. So that’s on the people side. That’s 2000. Hans Tung: That’s 2000. Jixun Foo: That’s 2000, mid-2000. The other thing is that I did a bunch of research. Honestly, it was a lot more desktop at that time, and there was no Google. It was really comparing with what’s more a lot more desktop at that time and say “OK you know and it was no Google”. It was really comparing with Inktomi and Akamai. Inktomi was doing the search engine for Yahoo and was powering a number of the portals. Baidu had the same model. Hans Tung: The B2B model back then. Jixun Foo: Yes, B2B model is information service provider and I remember that was the thesis I wrote in the manual I gave to my partners. And so that was a thesis. But I think underlying it there was this view that as information grows and as there are more websites and there’s more content, the way portals are organized, information through a directory is not enough. So search has to be eventually a gateway. I wouldn’t have predicted the business model at that time. I just predicted the need and predicted the guy. Hans Tung: And then, obviously, Baidu–2002 was it? Pivoted to a B2C model. Jixun Foo: Yeah it was really 2001. Hans Tung: How difficult was it to get to that decision? Jixun Foo: It was not a straightforward decision. At that time, had Sina 新浪, Sohu 搜狐, NetEase 网易–we had all the major portals as our customers. Hans Tung: Paying customers. Jixun Foo: Yes, paying customers. But we are not really making a lot of money, it’s like a few hundred thousand US, for the year. And so it’s a fundamental question of where are we going to capture the value. Now obviously going to see, setting up your own portal, you’re competing with your customers. And so that really puts the board on to a lot of conversations, like, are we sure we’re going to do this. I think one, Robin was very determined, because he felt like it’s either this or you die. There’s no outcome. There’s no market. There’s no value. Yes, you can get some business. But there’s not a big business. So I think that determination he had at that time was really, really important. And so the reference that we had was really not Google. I mean Google wasn’t there yet, in 2001. So it was really Goto.com. Goto.com was a company that DFJ actually invested in, that had the model for pay for performance. They acquired the first five placements on all the search results in all the major portals and then they basically–but they do arbitrage business. They don’t really own the search. Both Robin and in some ways, Google as well, figured out, hey, that’s the model that they could monetize over time. Goto.com had actually proved that the business model worked. Zara Zhang: So you grew up in Singapore, went to school there and worked there in the beginning of your career. When did you come across the idea that you should leave Singapore? And why specifically China? Jixun Foo: So I grew up in Singapore. My dad and my mom both were Chinese speaking. They were both teachers, and I grew up in a very Chinese speaking family. My dad had a masters in Chinese history so I had the affiliation or affinity to China, even when I was young. I think a lot of it is the fact that I grew up in a family that you know gave me the confidence and some level of understanding you know and affinity to China. And so when the opportunity comes along it’s like okay. I should go spend some time. My first trip to China was back in second year of university. So at that time you know I did an exchange program in Hong Kong University and then I did a trip to China. It was quite an experience. One, China was still very–that was 1990. The country was still a very closed country, it was still limited by resources. Hans Tung: This was before Deng Xiaoping opened up in 1992 with his tours of the South. So yes it was very early. Jixun Foo: And I took a train through Hong Kong from Shenzhen all the way up to Baotou 包头 which is north of Beijing. And I remember when I tried to cross that border, there were people who say hey you know can you… So it was still a planned economy. So there’s this coupon that if you can bring it across and get a stamp, they would actually be able to get the product across, which was a television, without the import tax. And so I tried to do that. I was thinking I could get away with it. I was a student, I could make some money, and I was caught. At immigration, I was brought into the immigration room, and I was questioned. Initially I was trying to defend. Hans Tung: This is not a side of Jixun we know well. Jixun Foo: And then, I gave out on the guy. It was quite an experience. And in the process of traveling to China you see the different faces of China. And the important thing is that over the years you see–I think what’s important for people to know about China is it’s not about what you see at an instant. It’s about the change that you see in the process, because that change is the one that is power. It’s not just simple change in infrastructure, but it’s also the change in the people, the mindset. I think that was the thing that actually caught me and said, this is a country that can come up, that could be really, really powerful. Zara Zhang: Really agree. When I’m in school here–I go back around once a year, and every time I go back I don’t recognize the country. And I think right now, if I don’t go back for more than three months, it’s completely different. Jixun Foo: Yeah. Well, you know, just the kids that we talked to yesterday, right, in our spot of outside conversation. These kids are amazing–the power, the confidence, they know what they want. I mean if you compare this same group of kids to their parents, the generation before them, they are very different. The change that they are going through and the intellect it’s unleashing in this country is the one that’s really amazing for me. Hans Tung: This generation Z is growing up with a lot more confidence, a lot more information than anyone else before them. And it’s empowering to see them right in front of our eyes. Zara Zhang: So how did you first come across GGV, and what made you want to join the firm? Jixun Foo: GGV was actually founded by four founders, Thomas Ng, Joel Kellman, and we had Hany Nada and Scott Bonham as well. I’ve known Thomas and Joel–Thomas was my colleague at NSTB. So he ran a fund at that time under NSTB called TDF, and TDF later became TDF China, and TDF China became KPCB. So anyway that’s a little bit of a history there. So Thomas and I go way back. I’ve known him since ’96. After I joined DFJ, I had the idea to leave DFJ. We started to have conversations about what’s next. He wanted me to come and spend time at GGV and help set up GGV in China. At that time, there was also Jenny. It was 2005. I remember Thomas got his team, we spent time together. We went to this Alibaba big event in the West Lake in 2005. That’s where I spent a lot of time with Haney, with Jenny, and so the idea was kind of coming together. I had the option of say, going to start a fund with somebody else, or join a platform. A partnership is not that easy. You want to join a group with which you have some affinity. You may not be alike, but at least you have some cultural connection. You have some common understanding. You have some common friends and common grounds and so you can go a long way. So that was a big part of my consideration when I joined GGV, was the fact that I’d known Thomas for a long time. Hans Tung: Well. What was different about GGV versus the other U.S. firms? Because I remember, back in 2002, 2003, 2004, Baidu had a tough time raising money from Sand Hill Road. Everybody on Sand Hill Road could have seen Baidu and met Baidu, and could have invested. Everyone passed. So what was it about GGV that made you feel comfortable that it was not just another Sand Hill VC who missed China? Jixun Foo: I think for GGV, actually Thomas, Hany, Scott and Joel, the group started out with a fundamental view of the cross border. We believed that there was a lot of intellectual leverage we could get across U.S. and China by being on both sides. I saw how the team spent time together. In fact I met them more than once. I met the whole team in Singapore, I met the whole team in Beijing, I met the whole team in the Valley. So you can see how they were spending time together to interconnect a lot of the views, sharing of all the views and ideas. And up to today, I think that’s the approach that we continue to take GGV. Across this partnership, we spend time across both regions, having our sites whether in the U.S. or in China. And being on the ground, seeing what’s happening, is important. So I think for many of the Silicon Valley folks, you know, where I was at DFJ. To be fair, I think Tim Draper is someone really that spent time traveling around. But most people would not. Maybe they would do it once in a long time, in one year, or two years, three years. But not frequently like ten times a year. So that’s the engagement. I think only when you touch and feel and not just reading materials in articles, you can make a better connection and therefore you can make a better-informed judgment on what you are investing. Hans Tung: You have that many of the largest M&A’s in the history of Chinese Internet sector starting with Youku Tudou, which was the first ever multibillion dollar deal that got done in Internet in China. When I read about it, I was extremely impressed and inspired by what you did and what else is possible. I thought it was going to be a different era, starting with that deal, with more to come. How did you think about that deal? How did you think about structuring that deal, and how did that get you to do more things like that over the last five years? Jixun Foo: So you know, as I spent time on Tudou, I spent time with Gary, and I looked at how this company had evolved. It is interesting. They were the first mover in the market of online video. It started more of a bit of a video podcast and then it evolved. And it became more mainstream content. And so as it became more mainstream content you know there’s a lot more content acquisition and costs escalated. It’s not just use acquisition cost, it’s content acquisition cost. So as you look at this vertical, the competition starts to get intense in 2011 with the cost of content escalating as much as five to ten times. And you know it was like 100,000 to 200,000 RMB per episode, to 1 million to 2 million RMB per episode. It shot up very quickly. So that was the first thing, looking at the market. And looking at GGV, we had quite a bit of money in there. We also brought other investors into the deal, Temasek and so on. You know I feel really responsible. It’s a lot of money in there, like $20 million, at least for our fund, we had 10% of our fund. The question was really what’s next. And you know, Tudou, with all the ups and down, it did go IPO. We IPO’d fairly well, but the market also reacted to the point that the valuation came down, you know, $400 million. And we had $200 million in cash. But guess what? That $200 million cash will last about 12 months. That’s really scary, right? Well where else can you raise capital? So in my mind. Consolidation has to happen. This market has to get consolidated. So I went around talking to people. I spoke with Gary, I spoke with Victor at Youku . I spoke with Gong Yu龚宇 from iQiyi 爱奇艺 at Baidu. So I started talking to them, saying hey, obviously I’m coming from a position where I’m looking at Tudou. And I told Gary, “if consolidation is going to happen, you want to be the first because you capture the most value by being the king maker”. So that was a thing that I really tried to get him to think about. Hans Tung: He’s number three, but he can make whoever a stronger number one. Jixun Foo: Well, I mean in terms of traffic it was kind of number two. One, two, three, but in that ballpark. They’re not that far apart, but you can really be the king maker in that instance. And there’s also other players, the P2P players. PPLive PP视频, PPStream PPS影音, and so on. Hans Tung: But iQiyi had Baidu, which got a lot more traffic, the possibility that no one else. So yeah. Jixun Foo: So we knew something had to happen, so therefore, by playing that hand I was able to get the attention from–I think, when I talked to the CEO’s, I think everybody knew that. The biggest issue is trust. Like, how can we do this? because when you have M&A, everybody has to open up the kimono. Everybody has to say, this is what I have. Hans Tung: Right. Give us something, open up something. Jixun Foo: So you have to open up. You have to have trust. And that’s one. Two is, you have to figure out the management. You know that there can’t be two leaders. Somebody has to step aside, and what do we do with the management? It’s not just one person, it’s one team. That’s always the tricky part with M&A. So I think I was able to figure that out. That was in 2012. I remember it was Chinese New Year, and I had a call with Eric Li 李世默from Chengwei Venture 成为资本. And then soon after we had multiple calls after that and we brought everybody to a neutral ground. We had to bring everybody to a neutral ground which was Hong Kong. And we had a closed door session between Youku and Tudou. It was almost a full day, through the night, and we shook hands. And we took just about three weeks from that point on to iron out a merger agreement that could be announced. Obviously they are both listed companies. The whole completion of the transaction will take time. It would take about six months. Hans Tung: I’m going to be a little naughty and ask. Obviously you’re very close to Baidu, you know, both Robin and also Gong Yu from iQiyi. How come Baidu wasn’t the one that merged with Tudou? Jixun Foo: Well you have to ask them. I knew that at that time, when they saw the news, it was a little bit of a shock for them as well. Hans Tung: But they were in the discussion. It’s not like they weren’t in the discussion. Jixun Foo: They were part of the discussion. So to be fair, we’re friends, and I will lay the opportunity down for you, but if I want to get the deal done, I think speed and certainty is important. So that drive and conviction and determination to do this is important. Hans Tung: Obviously Victor did. Jixun Foo: Victor did. Zara Zhang: In terms of exits, do you think entrepreneurs should start thinking about that from day one, and have a clear idea of how their companies will exit? Or do you think they can wait until later? Jixun Foo: No, I think you have to start with idea that if you want to go and build something, you don’t build something and say I built to sell. Now the outcome is really hard to sell. I’ve been in this business for the last 18 years in China, and I think the first 10 years, most people would say IPO is the way to go. First, there weren’t many super unicorns that could make large acquisitions. But from 2010 to now, over the last eight year, we have these ginormous companies like Ali 阿里and Tencent 腾讯and Baidu and JD京东. So they have they now have the market cap, if you will, to make large acquisitions that make interesting outcomes. So I think the market has changed, so M&A, just as in the U.S., will become, or can be a very interesting exit, in some ways it can be a better exit. If you are completely looking at liquidity point of view for both entrepreneurs and investors. I think a lot of people don’t realize that up until the Youku Tudou merger, IPO was primarily the only way for people to get exits. In the U.S. whereas it was 80% M&A, in China was all IPO until then. So after the Youku Tudou deal, you engineered a few more prominent big name M&A’s. The next one was Baidu’s investments into Qunar with a controlling stake. Hans Tung: That was another unusual move. One had a controlling stake but also the company was able to go public. I remember the only two deals that was done at that time when it was Sohu 搜狐and their game company and then that was what you did with Baidu and Qunar. So how did that work. And once again, how do you generate trust on both sides to have both sides agree that yes, one will have a controlling stake, but two, management has control operationally, and to be able to take the company public? Jixun Foo: Yeah well I think the story was that Qunar, back in 2011, was started off as a metasearch play. You were competing with you know Kuxun 酷讯 initially. But over time, if you wanted to take Qunar to another level, so it was more like a Kayak in the U.S. So if you want to take Qunar to a bigger company, that business model is not enough. It has to evolve beyond a media company and become an OTA. That’s a tall order. How do you become an OTA? I mean really, that whole supply chain is being controlled by both Ctrip and Yilong 艺龙网.. So there are two outcomes. One is we sell the company. At that time we had the option of selling the company, say $600-700 million to Ctrip or the like, or we continue to grow the company but we needed some ammunition. So the idea I had at that time was if we could have Baidu invest, we could make Qunar become the de facto gateway for travel search, it would be very powerful. Then at least I control the demand end, and then I can work on the supply chain. So that was the idea. And so I brought the Baidu team I brought CC 庄辰超and Fritz from Qunar together and have a conversation. And I was able to work out a deal with them. Obviously, it was complex because Baidu definitely wanted control. So we negotiated a control stake to 60 percent. And we wanted to maintain independence, so we had seven board seats of which Baidu had four. But there was a fourth seat that they appointed me to as the dividing vote. So that was how we structured the deal. And it went pretty well. And so the company continued to grow their business. In 2013 we IPO’d the company, but competition becomes intense with Ctrip. Hans Tung: And the Alibaba came into the sector, as well. Jixun Foo: And so by 2015 we figured that, you know, James Liang 梁建章 came back to Ctrip and started a conversation of more consolidation, and so we did. We did that M&A with Qunar back in 2015, and it was a great outcome for us. It really priced Qunar at $7 to 8 billion. So it was a 10x step up. Hans Tung: With Baidu’s investment. Jixun Foo: It was more than a 10x step up from Baidu investment, because Baidu investment was really at a discount. But if we had sold the company that 2015 outcome would have been 10x more. Zara Zhang: How do you negotiate a deal that’s acceptable to everyone at the table? Especially a lot of the times people may have different interests and one player might be more dominant than the others. How do you make sure everyone agrees to a set of terms and accepts the final agreement? Jixun Foo: First of all you have to understand what everybody wants. So Baidu has this strategy at that time. If you looked at iQiyi, and iQiyi was run relatively independently. They had a strategy for certain verticals that they wanted a majority or as much of a stake as possible. But they were willing to have that management and empowerment given to the team that ran the business. So that was what Baidu wanted–okay, I’m going to own that vertical, but I’m going to let you run it. Hans Tung: Tencent has that similar style as well. Jixun Foo: Tencent has similar style, but Tencent doesn’t require that large ownership. Baidu is more a majority type arrangement. So, you have to figure out what they want. And the management, what do they want? I think for the management team as well, CC who would want to step up as the CEO, because you know he will elaborate on that to be able to take this company from just a media company to an OTA company, because that’s what he really wants to do. So he’s willing to give up that ownership at that time to do that. So I think it’s a question of just making those needs met. And you know, and building an arrangement, creating arrangement which allows both sides to get what they want. Zara Zhang: With the recent merger of Yunmanman 运满满 and Huochebang 货车帮, which are the largest trucking companies in China, the angel investor, Wang Gang 王刚, actually became the CEO. Jixun Foo: Yeah. So I think that on that deal, I must say that there’s a lot of investors, we’re a relatively minority shareholder of Yunmanman 运满满. I would give a lot of the credit to Wang Gang 王刚. Last year, in August, I was traveling in Europe and Wang Gang 王刚 called me and said “hey, this is the deal, I’m going to do this”. He was positioning himself as the investor but he was the one who was really negotiating the deal. He told me he was going to get it done in two weeks. I said that’s not going to work. The few things I told him was like “that’s not going to work”, because they were very comparable in size. And I think there was no one management that could say fuzhong 服众 (be convincing) right? So one side is saying that “I give up, you are better than me”. At that time, the leadership of the management team was not that clear. So, I posted to Wang Gang 王刚and said, if you want to do this, the best thing, the right thing for you to do is become the CEO of the company. And he’s ex-Alibaba. He has operator experience. He has the credentials of seed investor in Didi. So he has that clout to do this. Anyway, the whole deal took months to actually figure that out. And I think Wang Gang 王刚 did a tremendous job of talking to the various investors on both sides, including the government that supported both sides. You know the respective governments. There’s a lot of–this is very local business. So I think he managed to weld all these things together and cut a deal. I must take my hat off to him, and he’s done a fantastic job. Hans Tung: He’d written quite the deal for Didi and Uber. Just after the Youku Tudou merger, everyone had become more used to doing M&A’s. He also put in Meituan美团and Dianping 大众点评and then etc., etc. What do you think are external factors that made it easier and more possible to have M&A after 2011. What were the factors evolving with Alibaba and Tencent that made it easier and possible to have these kind of deals happen? Jixun Foo: Well I think that there’s a lot more M&A, but the external factor is really market. I think China’s pace of change and innovation has accelerated. Market adoption, consumer education, everything is at an accelerated pace. You look at how evolved. You look at how payment evolved in China. a lot of that has to do with capital. There’s a lot of capital being pumped into subsidies, into the programs and subsidies and so forth, to drive adoption. So on one hand you have rapid adoption in a market which is driven a lot by capital. On the other hand, it drives competition at different levels, which also requires a lot of capital. So you know, there’s a limit to how much capital you can raise, whether you are Didi or Kuaidi 快的. There’s a limit to how much valuation people are willing to pay. And so I think capital is a factor that actually drives those M&A’s, because you can no longer raise more capital, enough for you to burn. So you have to figure out what’s next. That forces a lot of the consolidation. I think it started really with online video and now it evolves into the other verticals like Didi and Kuaidi, Uber China, so the ride sharing space and bike sharing. We have Meituan and Dianping, which is more the takeout business and the coupon business. So you’ll continue to see this happen, because the capital market can no longer take those financial subsidies and finance. It has to foster consolidation. I think that’s a big factor. I think the other thing is just, with the Youku Tudou case, it’s a mindset shift. People understand what that means. The guys who sold their business through the M&A if they exited, they actually made good, they got their first pot of gold. But I think when you see that it’s also important. Right. So all the entrepreneurship effort, their hardship, it’s paid for. They don’t just walk away without anything. So I think that outcome also helps. So I think there’s a few factors. Zara Zhang: You know you’ve led a lot of GGV’s investments in mobility and transportation companies, including ride sharing companies like Didi and Grab, bike sharing company Hellobike 哈罗单车, trucking company Yunmanman, and also connected car company Xpeng Motors or Xiaopeng Qiche 小鹏汽车. I wonder what makes you excited about mobility and in your mind in 10 years, how will people be moving around. Jixun Foo: Yeah so I think that’s a thesis that our firm–I work with Hans, I work with Jenny, and we talk quite a bit about it. When we first started, this whole thing was a concept about shared economy, ride sharing. And so we first invested in Grab and later on we caught up with Didi, and then the whole trucking service as well. I think one is if you look at the old business model, whether it’s on the consumer end or the business end, it’s not easy to connect demand and supply. That’s a fundamental issue which mobility you know where whether it’s on the consumer end all that business and it’s not easy to connect demand and supply. So that’s a fundamental issue which mobility actually creates because it’s location based. So that technology mobility solution actually makes that connection worth. And then along with that I think that’s the first step. And then we went on from connecting people, the guy providing the service with drivers to a person to connecting with an object which is a car or a bike, to start with. So I think that the mobility solution will evolve as the supply end which is the vehicle, goes from the bike which is more self-drive self- ride, to a car which can be more autonomous over time. The connection will change. It will go from people to objects. So there will be a lot more technology that needs to go in there, to make the car more intelligent and autonomous over time. If you see the evolution of this sector, these things are going to converge. –the car company and the ride sharing platforms are going to converge. Yunmanman 运满满, the Full Truck Alliance has to think about how to build trucks that are autonomous, and that’s part of Wang Gang’s vision as well. So that connection will shift over time, and so I think for GGV is we have to invest in that vision. We invest ahead. So these pieces of jigsaw somehow will come together. Now they may be working independently as different companies and still collaborate with each other, or they may merge with each other at some point. We don’t know. But I think it is a direction that the market is heading, that car, the supply end will become more intelligent, will become more amendable, if you will. On this side, it will just become more intelligent as to telling you what kind of service you need. So you can ride a bike if you are just going for a 1 to 3 kilometer or 1 to 3 miles. Or you can get a car. So in that same app you should have all the transportation services that you need, versus having like multiple apps. So I think that will be more consolidation that could happen in this category. Zara Zhang: So one investment that was not as obvious from day one was the bike sharing company, Hellobike. So when when you met them the sector was already very heated with a lot of investors by going into Mobike 摩拜 and Ofo, and the major markets in China were pretty saturated already. Hans Tung: The company was doing a parking app. Zara Zhang: And they failed at their first attempt, and the founder is very young, so what made you believe that it was a good idea to invest in them? Obviously, it was a very prescient decision because they are the number one independent bike sharing player in China right now. Hans Tung: A lot people don’t know that, that they’re number one now. Zara Zhang: And it’s backed by Alibaba, who has raised millions of dollars. Jixun Foo: Yeah well. So when I first looked at this bike sharing space I was trying to figure out like how do you make money. Hans Tung: Less than 1 RMB per ride. Jixun Foo: Less than 1 RMB, and it has competition, you can predict that you don’t even need to pay to get a ride. How do you make money from a ride sharing service? That was my first question. So we met ofo at that time, and there were different questions that we had in mind about both companies. This ofo had a very simple bike, really just a bike with a lock, a mechanical lock. and when I looked at the model, it was 200 RMB a bike. But the cost of operating that 200 RMB bike was quite high. At that time, Dai Wei 戴维 (David Wei) the CEO of ofo, had his model. And as I was looking at the model, I said it’s hard for me to predict a model because I think the cost of operations will go up. The number of rides per day could shift as you go from summer to winter. Things like that. So so when I looked at the model it wasn’t quite making sense to me. And Mobike, similar. So when Hellobike came to me, it was already a portfolio. they had a service for parking at that time and was not going very far. This was his second venture. And then he tried to tell me that I was going to do this, which is his third initiated, right? So why should I believe you? But through his first two ventures, he has accumulated a lot of operating know-how. He understood a lot of the issues behind bike operation, product issues and how to make his service operationally efficient. So I thought that the team of engineers was a good team of engineers. And so the one interesting thing is, initially I wasn’t completely convinced. I said well why don’t you go and do some trials in some selected cities. And he did. He went to two cities and he did some trials. He came back with the numbers and then he started to open my mind a bit about what this can be. Number one, I think the number rides, actually this is a big market. so just from a frequency of engagement, it was far higher than the Didi and Grab. I kind of did a back of the envelope estimation at least for China, that these rides per day could get to 100 million rides per day. That’s a big number, in terms of user engagement. So that’s one thing that caught me. The second thing is, you know he was telling me that hey you know I’m not just doing bikes. I’m going to do electric power bikes over time but there’s a lot more product and technology issues that you need to deal with, like charging the bikes, and do have wireless charging and do you have charging stations, etc. So those are issues that he hasn’t quite figured out yet but he said hey, directionally, this is what I’m going to do. I’m going to increase the frequency of engagement but also the distance for travel. So that got me interested. So I brought you in, Hans, and Jenny. Hans Tung: How did you get over the concern that the subsidy would still be there and our pool would be kept artificially low for a while? Or did you feel that, given your past experience with all the consolidations, that won’t last forever, then we’re already a year, two years into it, so the amount of investment you had to take on was less. Jixun Foo: So honestly, do I’d bet on this guy becoming number one right from that instant? Not really. I was like, what’s my downside? So the other thing about bike sharing is that China has close to 400 cities with more than a million people. Even at that time, Mobike and ofo were largely in tier 1 cities. There was room for them to grow. So that’s one thought. The second thought is, because even after this, given all the experience I have with them, the worst case scenario is they get consolidated at some point. So that’s value for what they’re doing. So that’s how I thought about the initial investments, that hey, if they do this and they do this right, in a worst case they get consolidated. So that’s why I got you and Jenny, we spent some time and we put in the first $5 million and the second $3 million. And we continued to finance it until Chengwei Venture成为资本 came along later, and today they are by far the largest player. They are more than 25 million right today. You know they are the aggregate of ofo and Mobike. Hans Tung: With ofo I can understand, because of the way his team had a bike that was not as intelligent. But what do you think is the reason that Hellobike could overtake even Mobike, which was number one for a long time? Jixun Foo: My read on Mobike was not so much on their product. My understanding was just what was happening with the management. Not as unified. So that was an issue that I could see from afar, or I heard from afar. So that was the thing that I think eventually kind of took on itself. Li Bin 李斌, the real founder behind Mobike, the Chairman. But he’s really doing NIO 蔚来汽车, which is really his pet project, where he has hundreds of millions of dollars of his own money where he goes all in, as an EV company. So what is the company and so where does he sit, right? where does he stand? So it’s different. I think that if the entrepreneur has high conviction and you know, goes all in on one thing, the chance of success is just higher. Hans Tung: Right. GGV was not a major investor in the automotive sector between 2000 and 2010. There were other investors who rushed into that space, because you know automotive is a huge sector that drives economy in China. However in the last six to eight years, or last four to six years, GGV has become a major investor in this space, led by you with investments in Didi and the Hellobike and Xiaopeng Auto and Full Truck Alliance. So within a very few years we’ve become a major investor in this space. So, a lot of people say is the first mover advantage that important, or do you wait for the right signals in order to decide when to double down on a category? Jixun Foo: I think when you invest you learn. And so I think the initial investments in Grab gives you a vantage point as to what’s happening in the ride sharing space. And then Didi and Hellobike, and now you see how people are thinking about what’s next. I think a lot of it is evolution versus me trying to say this is what I’m going to invest five years down the road. You know it’s really a process of talking to these entrepreneurs and saying okay, this is how I see my business evolving, and you get vibes along the way. And I think Didi and Grab and Full Truck Alliance, they have a common theme. It’s more connectivity, and simplifying the connection and making the supply and demand more efficient. That’s the fundamental. Then beyond that when I invest in EV’s, it’s really a different mind. It’s really that when it goes to Hellobike, the object, the car, the vehicle, has to become more intelligent. So Hellobike gives me that sense that the object, with AI, with all sorts of sensory technology, will become more intelligent. And I believe that in the next three to five years, or five to ten years, cars will become more intelligent and hence why I started looking at that space, and talking to Xiaopeng 何小鹏and saying hey, if you want to do this, you should go all in and go full-time. Hans Tung: He was co-founder of UC Web, and was at Alibaba for a while. Jixun Foo: And I look at this category, just as Tesla was founded by Elon Musk, and there’s not many people that can do this. Not many entrepreneurs because you almost need people who have done it before. You need a serial entrepreneur. Why this is so hard, it’s such a big supply chain. You have to assemble talent that believes in you, and unless you have done it before, it’s like, who are you? And you have to have the financial muscle to say this is what I want to do. And investors will want to follow you. So you know, Li Bin from NIO actually puts in hundreds of millions of his own dollars, and Elon does the same thing. They’re putting money where their mouth is. So there are not many players who can do this right. And hence, it is a big category. China sells 26 million new cars every year. It’s a huge market. So if he can capture it, it will be a huge outcome. Hans Tung: Both of us have been in this business for a long time, and when we see young VCs trying to break into this industry, fight over every deal and get worried the deal is rejected from IC and didn’t get approval, and sometimes they worry about price, or don’t want to pay the price to get into a deal. What advice can you give them how to be patient and move methodically or thematically, one category at a time? So you look at what GGV has done in e-commerce versus retail with initial investments, and Alibaba now has close to 20 investments in e-commerce space on your retail space and both U.S. and China. Look at auto or transportation space and include travel in there, with Qunar, and also we did Airbnb in the U.S. with auto investments and sharing investments that you made. And then look at frontier tech with Jenny. A sector overtime gets quite well covered with key strategic investments. What kind of advice can you give to young VC to think before they act, and not just always crave on the next interesting thing, like blockchain, cryptocurrency. You’re old, you don’t get it, you’re going to be useless. Jixun Foo: Well there’s always new stuff. Well, that’s really the opportunity for young people, new ideas, innovation, providing new drivers for growth or drivers for disruption. So that’s great. Now the thing here is that with ideas, if you look back, Amazon, 2000 raised a ton of money, and at some point people thought that Amazon was crazy. and today, Amazon is a ginormous company. First you have to appreciate and take time to appreciate the fundamentals of what you believe in and get the opportunity. And I’m sure that GGV and many other firms will give you the opportunity to invest and deep dive and spend time. But you have to understand the fundamentals over time. Because a lot of the stuff that we talk about, in my view, when people talk about things it tends to be at a very high level, very superficial, momentums, what it can be, but there are a lot of things that can go wrong. And when things go wrong, is it really going wrong or is it just momentarily? So if you can understand, you could then make the best of it and capitalize on the opportunity. So I think you know, from my early investments in Baidu, I want to say that for the first three years, I just don’t know where the light is. You don’t know if this company can be great, because whatever they do, whatever they make, it’s still tiny. It’s still small and people don’t talk about it. You don’t know. So after the Alibaba buzz, things seemed to fall into a black hole. so you have to believe that search will become big at some point. It’s just how does it get there? We don’t know. It takes time. So likewise I think whether it’s with ride sharing, with cryptocurrency, with AR, with VR, with AI, with all the later stuff that you can imagine, it will come. That question is where is the application that will give it that power to explode, that explosive growth. Zara Zhang: We’re going to move on to the last part of this show which is a round a quickfire questions. First is, who is the entrepreneur you admire the most, and why? Jixun Foo: There’s always a tough question. I admire a lot of the entrepreneurs I work with, and they all have different traits. Whether it’s Robin Li from Baidu, or CC Zhuang from Qunar, or Xiaopeng becoming a serial, I respect entrepreneurs for their drive and passion. And for some of them, the passion goes beyond I want to make money. The passion goes to making things possible, making a change possible. But you know for Xiaopeng, to be fair, he could retire on a boat or a plane or whatever. He sold UCWeb for a couple billion dollars. So one thing to have that and now drive to go start something. Now he’s having eight meetings a day, ten meetings a day, and working through weekends. It goes beyond money. It is that passion. So I respect that passion. And so many entrepreneurs that I respect. So it’s not one person. Zara Zhang: What do you do for fun? Jixun Foo: What do I do for fun? Actually I love sports. I broke my left Achilles tendon recently. I broke my right Achilles tendon six or seven years ago. Hans Tung: Both from badminton. Jixun Foo: Both from badminton. I love to play sports. I love to challenge myself. I love team sports as well, because it’s a good way to socialize. My wife is now telling me maybe you shouldn’t ski anymore; you shouldn’t play badminton any more. I don’t know if I can stop. I started skiing only–I’m not a great skier. But I love the challenge, despite all the falls. But I started skiing on the good grace year. I love the challenge of you know going through that process and you know eventually being able to ski better and better, better. So I love to challenge myself. And I love to do sports. Zara Zhang: Well thank you for your time. Hans Tung: Thank you. Thanks for listening to this episode of 996. By the way we also produce a weekly e-mail newsletter in English also called 996 which has a roundup of the week’s most important happenings in tech in China. Subscribers have told us it is informative and fun to read. The newsletter also features original content and analysis from Zara and me. Subscribe at 996.GGVC.com. GGVC is a multistage venture capital firm based in Silicon Valley, Shanghai and Beijing. We have been partnering with leading technology entrepreneurs for the past 18 years, from seed to pre-IPO, with $3.8 billion in capital under management across eight funds. GGV invests in globally minded entrepreneurs in consumer new retail, social Internet, enterprise cloud, and frontier tech. CGV has invested in over 290 companies, with more than 45 companies valued at over a billion dollars. Portfolio companies include Airbnb, Alibaba, Ctrip, Didi, Domo, HashiCorp, Hellobike, Houzz, Keep, Slack, Square, Toutiao, Wish, Xiaohongshu, YY and others. Find out more at GGVC.com. We also highly recommend joining our listeners WeChat group and Slack channel, where we regularly share insights, events and job opportunities related to tech in China. Join these groups at 996.GGVC.com/community. Hans Tung: If you have any feedback on this podcast or would like to recommend a guest, please email us at 996@GGVC.com. Episode 19: Grant Horsfield of naked Group: Creating a Lifestyle Brand in China GGV Fellows Click to Join the 996 Community And connect with thousands of like-minded people interested in tech in China Unit 1208, Tower West, Genesis Beijing No.8 Xinyuan South Road, Chaoyang District Beijing, 100027 China Shanghai Office Unit 3501, Two IFC 8 Century Avenue, Pudong District Shanghai 200120 China Silicon Valley Office 70 South Park Street GGV Capital Home GGV纪源资本官网	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2282
__label__wiki	0.834083	0.834083	Bamrung Kayotha The flame of the lighter illuminated his face as we settled onto the mats. Overlooking a pond surrounded by plants, smoke rising from the tip of his cigarette, P’Bamrung humbly began to tell the story of his life. “I am not an NGO. I am a farmer,” he told us. But to his community he is undeniably a leader, and an inspiration to other villages that strive to preserve local culture and guarantee basic human rights. P’Bamrung was born in Kut Ta Klai Village. The son of an elementary school teacher and a farmer he went through the traditional Thai primary and secondary education system and later graduated from a technical college in Kohn Kaen. After graduation he moved to Bangkok to work in a factory that manufactured parts of machines used to produce concrete. It was during the eight years that he worked in the factory that he first became involved in movements for social change. At that time, the early 1970s, Thais began demanding democracy. In 1974, following the expulsion of three dictators, a new constitution was drafted and the first democratically elected government was instated after a long period of military dictatorship. During this time P’Bamrung joined the communist party to push for better working conditions for factory workers, but, more importantly, basic human rights. He saw that workers were oppressed by large companies, such as the Siam Cement Group, and that inequality and corruption was increasing as the system was set up to fatten the pockets of those at the top of the corporate and government ladders. Inspired to act against these injustices, P’Bamrung worked with POP, People Organizing for Power, an organization that strived to put the power in the hands of the people. At the same time, however, opposition towards the democratic administration was growing as rightists instigated an anti-communist panic. The situation turned violent in 1976 when Thai military and police units killed 46 peaceful protestors at Thammasat University. Following the Massacre students, labor groups and other activists fled to areas in the jungle inhabited by the Communist Party of Thailand. P’Bamrung thought about fleeing to the jungle, but he had a responsibility to take care of his younger siblings that came to work in the factory with him. He continued working in the factory for another year, taking a three month leave at one point to become ordained as a monk, when a professor at Thamnasat University encouraged him to help with a research project commissioned by the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. The UNRISD was interested in studying the obstacles associated with mobilizing villagers to come together to discuss community problems. To conduct the research P’Bamrung returned to Kut Ta Klai, where he started a farm and settle back into village life. In collaboration with six universities and multiple subdistricts he produced a report for the UN. After the project P’Bamrung decided to remain in the village as a farmer. Despite the fact that he was far removed from city life, the existence of corruption and the pressure to live a life dictated by national and multinational corporations persisted. P’Bamrung recognized the threat that greed and globalization posed to Thai culture. In an attempt to preserve Thais’ traditional way of life and defend the basic human rights of the Thai people he joined Via Campesina, an “international movement of peasants, producers, landless, rural women, indigenous people, rural youth and agricultural workers that defends the basic interests and values of its members.”1 The organization worked to decentralize power and engage villagers in the development of their communities; however, P’Bamrung noticed that, despite their efforts, the power and money was staying within the local government, rather than being distributed to the people. This realization moved him to run for the head of the Tambon Administrative Organization of Songkorn (TAO), a subdistrict government organization. With the campaign slogan, “Stop Corruption,” P’Bamrung was elected to a four-year term. In his four year term he was highly successful at eliminating corruption and building a self-sufficient community that was praised by the national government as being a model community. When asked about the reason for his success, P’Bamrung answered, “I made myself an example and encouraged the people to participate and check the work of TAO.” When previous TAO administrators pocketed 10 cents per box of milk provided to schools, P’Bamrung put that money back into the community. When he was budgeted 1.4 million baht to buy a tractor for the community, he found one for 800,000 baht and invested the rest into a community fund. Additionally, he started the first community council to increase transparency and encourage checks and balances between local government and the villagers. His success speaks for itself as he was recently reelected for a second term as head of TAO, but after mentioning this he cautioned: “It is not about getting people to vote, but getting people involved.” P’Bamrung believes in the power of rural politics, and for the past 30 years has been fighting for it, but his goal has yet to be achieved. He never thought he would be the head of the TAO, but he says it was something he had to do. His mission is to create a governing structure that empowers local people, and that is not a slave to the Western ideals of free trade and consumerism. Free trade, the heart of the World Trade Organization, he explains, only benefits the bigger producer. It is driven by price and disregards quality and local production customs in the name of “efficiency” and “comparative advantage.” The only relationship between producers and consumers is, therefore, price, which sets the stage for exploitation. He envisions a trading system where both producers and consumers care about each other, and choose to partake in market transactions that benefit both parties. “It may be cheaper to buy beef from Argentina, but why should we buy it from other countries when we can produce the same products? We need to create a system of fair trade, not free trade, and take care of the needs and wants of our people,” P’Bamrung explains. “Asking Thais to participate in free trade is like having a Thai boxer fight Mike Tyson.” It is inevitable that the bigger economic power will win. P’Bamrung does not think that fair trade will be accomplished any time soon, but he has witnessed youth standing up to national and multinational companies, which makes him hopeful for the future. For now, he will continue to lead by example, as change, he explains, “starts with the people, and has to start small.” Ban Kut Ta Klai in a bottle: The Whiskey of Resistance	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2284
__label__wiki	0.96683	0.96683	Yusuf Bey IV pleads no contest Bey entered his plea to charges of vandalism, false imprisonment, civil rights violations and hate crimes in the courtroom of Alameda County Superior Court Judge Larry Goodman Wednesday morning, just before a trial against him and one remaining co-defendant in the case was to begin. That co-defendant, 21-year-old Dyamen Williams, pleaded no contest Wednesday to one count of vandalism and will face up to one year in Alameda County jail when he's sentenced by Goodman on Oct. 17. Prosecutor Matt Wendt said a plea agreement calls for Bey, 22, the son of bakery founder /Yusuf Bey/, to receive a three-year state prison term when he is sentenced on Jan. 5. But Bey's lawyer, Ted Johnson, said he will ask that Bey's sentencing in the vandalism case be postponed until after the conclusion of another case against him. In that case, Bey and three /bakery/ associates are accused of kidnapping and torturing two women in Oakland on May 17, 2007. The preliminary hearing in that case is expected to conclude on Aug. 8. Initially, a total of eight adult defendants, plus one juvenile, were charged with multiple counts of felony vandalism, false imprisonment and hate crimes in connection with the vandalism incidents at the New York Market at 3446 Market St. and the San Pablo Liquor Store at 2363 San Pablo Ave. The hate crime allegations against the defendants stem from allegations that they asked the clerks at the liquor stores why a Muslim-owned business would sell liquor when it's against the teachings of Islam to do so. Two defendants, Tamon Halfin and another bakery associate, James Watts, pleaded no contest to felony vandalism in 2006 and were sentenced to five years' probation. Charges were dropped against two other defendants because of a lack of evidence. Halfin is accused of participating with Bey in the 2007 kidnapping incident after he was placed on probation. On Monday, Kahlil Raheem, 27, and Donald Cunningham, 73, pleaded no contest to one count of vandalism each. Cunningham, who also pleaded no contest to a hate crime enhancement, could get probation when he's sentenced on Sept. 26. But Raheem may not be sentenced for several years, as his plea agreement with the district attorney's office calls for him to testify truthfully at a preliminary hearing for Bey and three other defendants in the kidnapping and torturing case. Raheem isn't accused in connection with the kidnapping case but prosecutors want him to testify, alleging that he drove the defendants after the incident. A judge found Raheem in contempt of court for refusing to testify at a hearing on April 4 but declined to throw him in jail, hoping that Raheem will testify at a later date. Raheem's plea agreement in the vandalism case calls for him to get five years' probation if he testifies truthfully in the kidnapping case. After Bey entered his plea today, Johnson said, "The disposition of the case was fair but I wish that it was better." Johnson said, "It was a vandalism case, but I don't believe it was a hate crime." He said, "The district attorney took a strong position and we were hard-pressed. I thought it was in our best interest not to go to trial." Johnson said he thought the case was "over-charged" and Bey could have faced a much stiffer sentence if he'd been convicted after a trial.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2286
__label__wiki	0.514476	0.514476	New high-tech way to register voters "Used to be done on paper" is the key phrase there. A Silicon Valley company, Verafirma, has won approval by election officials in Santa Clara County to use secure touchpad technology for voter registration. Five voters have already done so. "As touch screens become more prevalent, and by one estimate one out of every two people in the country will have one by 2014, we think everybody will benefit from this and use this," Verafirma co-founder Jude Barry said. Barry is convinced using the iPhone, the iPad, Android smartphones and other devices will appeal to young people and will save money for county registrars. On saving money, Barry cites a study by the Pew Center on the States that says Oregon spent $9.7 million on paper-based voter registration in 2008. He hasn't determined yet what the touchscreen alternative will save, but he anticipates it could be as low as $1 to $2 per voter registered, versus the estimated $4 to $9 cost reported in the Pew Center study. Here's how it works. The prospective voter logs onto a site to fill in personal information, including name, address, birth date, and Social Security number. Then there is a place for the registrant to sign his or her name. The completed form is then e-mailed to the voter, who can then e-mail it to the local registrar of voters. Barry says the information is secure and is based on the same technology as what many banks are using to allow customers to do financial transactions on their mobile devices. The public information officer for the Santa Clara County Registrar of Voters, Elma Rosas, says the agency welcomes this new way to reach out to prospective voters and to voters seeking to update their address information. It is the first county in the state to use the Verafirma system. Verafirma is planning a major campaign to get other counties to accept electronic voter registration between now and the November general election. "Anything that makes it easier for our voters to get the kinds of services that they like and deserve, then we're certainly in favor of it," Rosas said. Rosas says the use of electronic or digital signatures for voter registration complies with Section 16.5 of the Government Code. Students at San Jose State's student union told ABC7 News they are prime candidates to use touchscreen technology. One student noted that voter registration is about the only task she has done on paper, while class registration and many other form-related chores are now computer based. However, two students raised concerns about security issues. The Verafirma system was used earlier this year to gather signatures for a statewide ballot initiative, but that use was struck down by a San Mateo County Superior Court judge as not compliant with the state election code.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2287
__label__wiki	0.808784	0.808784	building a better bay area Santa Cruz County launches new Focused Intervention Team to combat criminal activity By Amanda del Castillo SANTA CRUZ, Calif. (KGO) -- In Santa Cruz County, it isn't only beautiful views and the bustling boardwalk. Law enforcement officials acknowledge disruptive and criminal behavior is a big problem. The county recently launched a new team of enforcement and mental health officials, who are dedicated to improving safety and to improving one's sense of self. The new Focused Intervention Team, or FIT team for short, was launched in late January. RELATED: CHP cracking down on carpool, express lane cheats in Bay Area Third District County Supervisor and Board Chair, Ryan Coonerty explained, "The FIT team is really innovative in that it's sheriff's deputies who will patrol county-wide, but we've paired them up with mental health workers." The team of six, three deputies and three mental health experts, will focus on restoring public safety across the county and connecting people with much needed resources. A welcome sight for long-time Santa Cruz neighbor, Lisa Teramo, and her dog Bailey. "This is as late as I'm out with her," Teramo told ABC7 News cameras, at 6:30 p.m. Thursday night. The 30 year resident said she noticed a shift in safety about five years ago. "People are jacking cars, people are breaking into homes in broad daylight," she said. "Now you really have to be proactive." RELATED: Australian couple says it took email from ABC7 News for SFPD to respond to car break-in Teramo said it's common to either hear or witness theft, drug use and destruction. She added, "Nothing good happens after dark." "Now it's a really revolving door here in town with the criminal activity," she said. "People get picked up, go to jail overnight perhaps, and they're let back out." The need to end that cycle was identified by the County Board of Supervisors. "We found the resources, the voters passed a new sales tax. We wanted to use that sales tax to improve public safety and this is how we're trying it," Supervisor Coonerty said. The FIT team has already identified 30 people known to local law enforcement. Coonerty said there is some room to expand that number. "They're generating a lot of calls for service," he said about the group of 30 individuals. "They've been offered services, they've declined those services, and they're having a huge impact on our community and we need to address them." A release by the County of Santa Cruz reads, "Through high-frequency contacts (including in a custody setting) and evidence-based practices such as motivational interviewing, trauma-informed counseling and cognitive behavioral therapy, the County and partners hope to reduce public impacts and improve outcomes for FIT participants. FIT participants will also be connected to wraparound services including medical and food benefits, housing navigation services and more." Others add the root of the problem is a lack of area resources. RELATED: Woman accused of stealing East Bay couple's engagement ring arrested "Lack of funding for food, behavioral health, mental health and wellness. Then they get pushed into having to steal, fighting and crime," Boulder Creek resident, Lorato Anderson said. The FIT team will first focus on the City of Santa Cruz, then to other parts of the county. Check out more stories about Building a Better Bay Area. santa cruztheftbuilding a better bay areadrugsanta cruz countydrugs VIDEOS: ABC7 celebrates 70 years of local news in Bay Area San Mateo plans to get rid of red light cameras	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2289
__label__cc	0.556475	0.443525	Columbus Monument Barcelona: 1.5-Hour Las Golondrinas Boat Tour Experience more than 125 years of history on a 1.5-hour pleasure boat tour from Barcelona Harbour. Climb aboard the Las Golondrinas de Barcelona and get panoramic views of the beach and Barcelona skyline, from the Drassanes wharf to the Olympic Marina. Printed voucher required Spanish, Catalan, English English Spanish Catalan Cruise along the sea front of Barcelona and enjoy spectacular views of the city's skyline Follow a 125-year-old tradition , dating back to the construction of La Rambla See the contemporary constructions of the Port Olímpic and Vila Olímpica Sail an 18-mile route to the sports harbor of Port Fòrum and back Climb aboard the historic Las Golondrinas pleasure boat for a 90-minute cruise around the harbor and seafront of Barcelona, following a 125-year-old tradition. Las Golondrinas began its adventure in 1888, at the same time as the Barcelona Universal Exhibition, the completion of La Rambla, and the construction of the Columbus Monument. The boat departs into the open sea before sailing along the coast to the former fishing village of Barceloneta, now one of the city’s most beloved neighborhoods. Continue to the contemporary constructions of the Port Olímpic and Vila Olímpica, built for the 1992 Olympic Games. Admire the beaches of Nova Icària and Bogatell, and Mar Bella and Nova Mar Bella en route to the Port Fòrum, recognizable by its huge solar plants. Get spectacular views of the Sagrada Familia in the distance, the sea-hugging Hotel Arts, and Mapfre Tower. It is a perfect activity for children and the young at heart, providing a unique opportunity to enjoy the nature and see different views of the city. 1.5-hour boat tour (Colom-Fòrum-Colom) showcasing Barcelona’s seafront, including the harbor, beaches, Olympic Marina and Forum site The ticket office is at the water front next to the Columbus Monument. • Please note that service can be altered or cancelled without notice due to weather conditions January: 12:30 (daily), 15:30 (only weekends) February - March: 12:30, 13:30, 15:30 April - June: 12:30, 13:30, 15:30, 16:30, 17:30 and 18:30 July - September: 12:30, 13:30, 15:30, 16:30, 17:30, 18:30 and 19:30 October - November: 12:30, 13:30 and 15:30 December: 12:30 (daily), 15:30 (only weekends) Barcelona Port Traditional Boat Tour Barcelona: 360º Boat Trip Barcelona: Catamaran Trip Along Port Vell Barcelona Skyline and Beaches Boat Tour Turisme de Barcelona Dubrovnik Sailing Trips & Boat Tours Madrid Segway Tours Bucharest Day Trips London Day Trips Accademia Gallery 9/11 Museum Alcázar of Seville	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2290
__label__cc	0.656644	0.343356	Be an Equality Champion What is All Out This website, https://allout.org, (the "Site") is operated by the All Out Action Fund, which supports the All Out movement ("We" or "Us"). All Out Action Fund is a 501(c)(4) not-for-profit corporation dedicated to raising public awareness, promoting activism and influencing public and individual behavior to combat prejudice and discrimination against members of the gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender community. All Out Action Fund is committed to protecting your privacy online and offline. This Privacy Policy describes our practices in connection with information that we collect through the Site from which you are accessing this Privacy Policy, as well as through HTML-formatted email messages that we send to you, unsolicited emails received from you, and offline events (collectively, the "Services"). 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If you have any questions about this Privacy Policy, please contact us using this form. Please do not include credit card or other sensitive information in your messages to us. 115 Fifth Ave., 6th Floor ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE EEA You may lodge a complaint with a data protection authority competent for your country or region or where an alleged infringement of applicable data protection law occurs. Please click here for contact information for such authorities. Will you join us in the fight for LGBT+ rights around the world?	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2292
__label__wiki	0.923039	0.923039	All Saints Parish, Logansport, Indiana, was formed in June, 1985, by consolidating the former St. Vincent de Paul, St. Joseph, and St. Bridget parishes into an administrative unit. It became one combined parish with the former St. Joseph Church as the worship site. The official title became All Saints Catholic Church. Father Charles Kline became the first pastor. The former St. Vincent de Paul Parish was organized in 1838 by Father John Claude Francois to serve a growing Catholic colony, consisting mostly of Irish laborers and their families who were here to construct a canal. The first church, which was a log structure on the northwest section of town, was used until 1840, when a new stone church was built close to the center of town. This stone church was used until 1863, when the present St. Vincent de Paul Church was built on Spencer Street. In 1862 a house was purchased on the corner of Second and Market Streets by Father George A. Hamilton, who succeeded Father Francois. This building served as the school and convent for St. Vincent De Paul. In 1868, by the urging of a German speaking missionary who came to St. Vincent de Paul to give a Mission, the fifty German speaking families petitioned Bishop Luers for a church of their own. The building at Second and Markets then became the site for the new parish. This new parish was dedicated in honor os St. Joseph on February 2, 1870. The cornerstone of the present church was laid on July 12, 1885. In 1873, steps were taken to organize another parish in Logansport. Land was purchased between Linden, Heath, Wheatland and Wilkinson Streets and a church was erected on this site in 1875. This new parish, St. Bridget, consisted of 45 families. Father Bernard Kroeger was appointed pastor. Presently All Saints Parish has approximately 800 families, most of whom live in Logansport and Cass County. Average Mass attendance for typical weekend liturgies is 1246. Catholic education began in Logansport prior to 1850. The children were taught in a building at Fourth and Railroad Streets. The teacher was Professor Bradley. In 1863, Father Hamilton had the Sisters of the Holy Cross come to Logansport to teach the children. This congregation of Sisters stayed at St. Vincent de Paul until 1973. At this time, the school became staffed by lay teachers. During the time the Sisters were here, they also operated Holy Angels Academy, which was a select school for young ladies. After the Holy Cross Sisters left, St. Vincent de Paul continued to have a school until the school consolidation took place in 1980. St. Bridget School was organized in 1875. Father Kroeger asked the Holy Cross Sisters to teach at St. Bridget School and they did so until 1894. From August of 1894 to May of 1906, the Sisters of St. Joseph staffed St. Bridget School. The Sisters of St. Francis then came to the school the following year and stayed until 1967. The school building at the St. Bridget site was built in 1961 and was closed in 1972. St. Joseph School was founded in 1877 and was staffed by the School Sisters of Notre Dame. The school building at the St. Joseph site was completed in 1957. In 1980, the consolidation of the three schools materialized. Miss Ann Laing became the first administrator of the Tri-Parish Schools. Pre-School and Kindergarten classes were held at the St. Vincent de Paul site, Grades 1 through 5 were housed at the St. Joseph building and grades 6 through 8 were at the St. Bridget School site. The 1981-82 school year had an enrollment of 243 students in Kindergarten through Grade 8. The 1997-98 school year had an enrollment of 271 students in Pre-School through Grade 8. This current year the school enrollment is 108 students Pre-School through Grade 6. All Saints School is staffed by lay teachers. Click here for more information on our parish school. Approximately 300 children from Pre-School through Grade 12 are in the Parish Religious Education program. All Saints Church underwent redecoration from October 1996 to April 1997. The woodwork of the Choir balcony and the wainscot was stripped back to the oak wood and revarnished. The church was rewired and new lights were installed by Krysevig Electric.. New oak frames were added to the wood carvings on each side of the sanctuary and the carvings were fleshtoned for greater emphasis. The symbols of St. Bridget, St. Joseph, and St. Vincent were added to the upper sanctuary wall. Scroll work with an Alpha and an Omega were also added to the sanctuary walls. The whole church was carpeted by the Gray Mill. A new presidential chair was donated by the Daughters of Isabella. The tabernacle and Stations of the Cross came from the former St. Vincent de Paul Church. The pillars were marbleized. The redecoration was done by Dieham Decorating Company, Kentland, Indiana. Logansport experienced another wave of immigration beginning in the mid 1990’s of persons of various Latino backgrounds. A weekly Mass in Spanish began in 2001, and now All Saints has one of the largest Mass attendance of Hispanics in the diocese. A history of All Saints Catholic Church from 1836 through 1999 has been compiled by parishioner Richard Copeland. This softcover book is 8 1/2 x 11″, 110 pages, with black and white photographs. Available at the parish office. Cost is $6.00. Also available by mail (in USA only). Cost is $10.50, which includes postage & handling. Mail a check to: All Saints, 112 E. Market Street, Logansport IN 46947-3428 It is fascinating reading!!	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2293
__label__wiki	0.513122	0.513122	Tag Archives: American Artists in 19th Century France Little Women in Dinan, France Posted on April 30, 2013 by americangirlsartclubinparis Little Women Abroad, edited by Daniel Shealy (University of Georgia Press, 2008), is a wonderful account of the Alcott sisters’ trip to Europe together in 1870. Most readers will be interested in the travels and insights of the most famous sister, Louisa May Alcott, but for an artist, the real thrill is to see France through her little sister Abigail May’s eyes. Most of us know Amy, the precocious little sister in Little Women who dreamed of becoming an artist. Few of us know much about Louisa’s real little sister Abigail May Alcott Nieriker (“May”), who did indeed grow up to be an accomplished artist. Unfortunately, May’s story ends tragically. She married at the age of 38, only to die one year later after giving birth to her first child. May Alcott began to study art in 1856 when she was just sixteen years old. She studied with Stephen Salisbury Tuckerman, William Rimmer and finally William Morris Hunt, all of whom offered single-sex studio classes for Boston women. Hunt had studied at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris and no doubt extolled the virtues of study abroad. May’s fellow students such as Elizabeth Boott, Sarah Wyman Whitman and Elizabeth Bartol were all making plans to study in France by the late 1860s and early 1870s. After Louisa May Alcott achieved financial success with Little Women in 1868, the two sisters planned a trip to Europe with their friend Alice Bartlett. The women traveled by the French steamship Lafayette and arrived at the western port of Brest in Brittany in April, 1870. It was May’s first trip to Europe and she was completely enchanted with France. Their first extended stay was in Dinan, a lovely medieval town in the middle of Brittany. May sent home sketches of a variety of scenes throughout Dinan, many of which are nicely reproduced in Little Women Abroad. It appears that all of May’s sketches were in pencil or pen and ink. In one of her letters, she said she wished she had been trained how to paint en plein air so she could capture the beautiful colors. Nevertheless, her sketches are sufficient to be able to identify the buildings and ruins which still stand today. Here is a Google Map of the Alcott Sisters Sites in Dinan, in case you’re lucky enough to venture there yourself someday. Dinan is a beautiful little city which makes for a lovely day trip from a larger home base in Brittany such as St. Malo. Dinan has 13th century castles, gothic churches, bell towers, narrow winding streets and beautiful timbered architecture. Until you can get there yourself, here is a photo tour of the Dinan sites in Little Women Abroad, starting with the building that once housed the pension in which the Alcotts stayed. It was just outside the fortified walls of the town, next to the Porte Saint Louis and just down the street from the Dinan Castle. 14 Place Saint Louis, Dinan, France, the location of Madame Coste’s pension where the Alcott sisters stayed from April to June, 1870. As Louisa May Alcott described it in a letter dated April 24, 1870: “We are living, en pension, with a nice old lady just on the walls of the town with Anne of Brittany’s round tower on the one hand, the Porte of St. Louis on the other, and a lovely promenade made in the old moat just before the door.” The plaque in the wall at Place Saint Louis, Dinan, France The Porte Saint-Louis, located next to the Pension de Madame Costes The Dinan Castle (which Louisa May called Anne of Brittany’s Round Tower), located just down the road from Place Saint Louis. Built in the 1300s. The view of Dinan from atop the Dinan Castle. As May said in an April, 1870 letter to her mother: “From the top of her [Queen Anne’s] tower is the most superb view all over the country, and I am expecting great things in going to see it.” May Alcott spent her time sketching throughout the medieval village, so full of “enchanting old ruins, picturesque towers and churches, and crumbling fortifications, that it almost seems like a dream.” There were so many good scenes for sketching that she didn’t think she could do them justice. As May said in a letter home: I long to make pictures on every hand, but get extremely discouraged when I try, as it needs all the surroundings to make the scene complete. May recommended Dinan to her fellow artists in a guidebook she would later write: Here an artist can rest with delight for many months, as everything from the adjacent country, which is thought to be the most beautiful in Brittany, to the ancient gateways and clocktower in a street so narrow that the gabled roofs meet overhead, is sufficiently attractive to keep the brush constantly busy. May visited or sketched nearly everything in town, from the Basilica of St. Saveur: “Yesterday we went to some lovely gardens surrounding the most beautiful gothic church.” – May Alcott, letter dated April 20, 1870 . This is a photograph of the small park and gardens that stand behind the Basilica St-Saveur today. Originally built in the 11th and 12th centuries, a Gothic chapel was added in the 15th century. to the Viaduct of Dinan over the River Rance: In a letter to Anna Alcott dated May 30, 1870, May Alcott said: “The grand viaduct which, according to Murray [an 1870 guidebook] is about the finest in the world, fairly took away my breath.” The grand viaduct across the River Rance in Dinan is still breathtaking. The day I was there the local rowing club was preparing for practice on the other side of the river. May sketched the Porte of Jerzual and the steep little rue de Jerzual, which winds down from the upper village to the river, and is lined with timbered old shops that lean in over the cobblestoned street: Porte du Jerzual, Dinan, France A scene from rue de Jerzual in Dinan. As May said in a letter home dated April 29, 1870: “Yesterday we went down the oldest street in town, (where, in spite of the steepness, Queen Ann’s carriage is said to have trundled over it), to the river which runs at the foot. The houses overhang the street in funny little gabled stories almost shutting out all light from above, and it being very narrow & extremely steep, you can see it was a sensation to have explored it.” In their letters home, the Alcott sisters both mention their visit to the neighboring village of Léhon, which is just a mile or so down in the valley from Dinan along Route D12. Louisa May wrote home after going to a fair in the village and said (in a letter dated April 20, 1870): May is going to sketch the castle so I won’t waste paper describing the pretty place with the ruined church full of rooks, the old mill with the water wheel housed in vines, or the winding river, and meadows full of blue hyacinths and rosy daisies. The remains of the Léhon castle in the background. The Abbey Church in Lehon, France, once sketched by May Alcott The River Rance through Léhon, France. The Alcotts also visited the Chateau de la Garaye, a lovely site located just a couple of miles from the village of Dinan. May wrote home to tell her mother about the beautiful ruins there: I have tried to sketch from memory a lovely old ruin, where we spent the day yesterday, but can give you a very indefinite notion of the gray old tower with ivy clinging to it in all directions, the rear walls having all crumbled away. The blue sky shone through the little ornamental windows in a way that was quite enchanting. It is only about two miles from Dinan and a pretty walk though the wood to the moat and great embattled walls, which surround the chateau. Alice and I walked, while Lu went down in a donkey carriage. . . . We found a large party of English people already at the castle sketching it with pencil in colors. . . . The ruins of the Chateau de la Garaye still stand today. “The blue sky shone though the little ornamental windows in a way that was quite enchanting.” — May Alcott, April 1870. It makes me so glad to know some things just don’t change in over 140 years. My own colored pencil sketch of the ruins of Chateau de la Garaye May Alcott’s Life Beyond Dinan: After the Alcott sisters left Dinan in the summer of 1870, they continued their European travels and proceeded to the Loire Valley, Switzerland and Italy. They found themselves the middle of the Franco-Prussian war which broke out that July but managed to find safety in Switzerland, along with many other refugees from Paris and Strasbourg. Louisa May returned to Boston the next summer, but May went on to study art in London on her own and didn’t return until November, 1871, when she was called home to help the rest of the family. May Alcott returned to London and Paris in 1873 and then again in 1876. She would study at the Academie Julian in the Passage des Panoramas in 1876-77, and would attend the Paris Salon of 1877 where her own still life painting would be exhibited. She would be invited to Mary Cassatt’s home for tea, and would travel to the rather bohemian art colony in Grez in the summer of 1877. She was living a ground-breaking life as an American expatriate female artist. In late 1877, while May was living on her own in London, she would learn that her mother had died. In her grief she developed a quick romance with Ernest Nieriker, a young Swiss businessman fifteen years her junior, to whom she would become engaged in March of 1878. The newlyweds would move to a lovely little home in the suburbs of Paris, where she dreamed of combining a career in art with marriage and a possible family. She would have yet another painting accepted in the Paris Salon, and would publish a guidebook for women artists called Studying Art Abroad and How to Do it Cheaply. At the end of 1878, May’s personal life and her art career were making gratifying moves forward. But then, in December of 1879, May Alcott Nieriker died six weeks after giving birth to her daughter Lulu. She was only 39 years old. Baby Lulu was first sent to live with her aunt Louisa May in the United States, but when Louisa May died just nine years later, young Lulu was returned to her father in Switzerland. We are lucky to have been left with such a prolific record of May Alcott’s remarkable travels and experiences, even if they were short-lived. Thanks to the details and sketches provided in Little Women Abroad, we can follow along. It’s worth the trip. Posted in Art History, Art History France, Art History Site, Book Review, Literary History, Literary Site \| Tagged Abigail May Alcott Nieriker, American Artists in 19th Century France, Art History Travel, Daniel Shealy, Dinan France, Little Women, Little Women Abroad, Louisa May Alcott, May Alcott Nieriker, Studying ARt Abroad and How To Do It Cheaply \| 8 Replies	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2297
__label__wiki	0.874315	0.874315	As Refugees Stream Out of Middle East, One Exiled Church May Be Headed Back SAFIN HAMED / AFP The newly-elected Catholicos-patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East, Mar Gewargis Sliwa speaks after he was elected by the Holy Synod of the Assyrian Church of the East during a ceremony at Saint Youkhana church in Arbil, the capital of the autonomous Kurdish region of northern Iraq on September 18, 2015. Mar Gewargis Sliwa was elected by a council of Prelates and will succeed to the late Mar Dinkha IV under the ecclesiastical name Mar Gewargis III. AFP PHOTO / SAFIN HAMED John Burger \| Sep 22, 2015 Assyrian Church of the East elects a new leader, and they are already building his home in war-weary Iraq As hundreds of thousands of people stream from war-torn areas of the Near East and Africa into Europe—and Christian leaders are desperately trying to keep their flocks in their ancestral homelands—the home base of an ancient Middle Eastern Church may be retuning to the troubled region. Since 1940, the seat of the Assyrian Church of the East, a Church with deep roots in Christianity, has been outside of Chicago due to political trouble in the early 20th century. But with the election of a new patriarch on Sept. 18, there is a good chance the patriarchal seat will be moving to Erbil, in the north of Iraq. Erbil is the capital of Iraqi Kurdistan, where tens of thousands of Christians have been living as internally displaced persons since the Islamic State invaded Mosul and other towns in the summer of 2014. It was also the location for the Synod of the Assyrian Church of the East for two days last week, which gathered to elect a successor to Mar Dinkha IV, who died in March in Minnesota. Mar Dinkha had led the Church of the East for 39 years. The synod elected Mar Gewargis Sliwa III, who has overseen the Church in Iraq, Jordan and Russia. He was the only Assyrian metropolitan still residing in Iraq. Mar Gewargis (Mar is the term for bishop) will be consecrated at St. John’s Cathedral in Erbil on Sunday, Sept. 27. Born in 1941 in Habbaniya, Iraq, Mar Gewargis studied in Baghdad and in the US and was ordained a priest in June 1980. In 1981, in Chicago, Mar Dinkha consecrated him Metropolitan of Iraq, Jordan and Russia. Since then he has been headquartered in Baghdad, where he has witnessed political upheaval, displacement and persecution of Assyrians. The Church is also present in Iran, Syria, Lebanon, Australia and India. Pope Francis sent a message of “good wishes and prayerful solidarity” to the new patriarch. The Pope added that it is his prayer that he may be an inspirational pastor and “an untiring builder of peace and harmony, serving the common good and the good of the entire Middle East,” according to Vatican Information Service. “I join your Holiness in prayer and solidarity with all who suffer because of the tragic situation in the Middle East, especially our Christian brothers and sisters and other religious minorities in Iraq and Syria,” the Pontiff wrote. “With you, I ask the Lord to grant them strength so that they may persevere in their Christian witness. In expressing gratitude to Almighty God for the bonds of fraternity between the Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East, I hope and pray that our continuing friendship and dialogue may be further developed and deepened.” One Assyrian American, David Arkis, told Aleteia that members of the Church have mix reactions to the news that the patriarchate may be moved back to the Middle East. “That is understandable due to a safety concern and the instability conditions in Iraq,” Arkis said. “I would advocate moving the patriarchate to northern Iraq (Erbil)—it will lift up the morale of the Assyrians, and Christians in general, and of what is remaining of them in our homeland, Iraq.” The Church of the East fell out of communion with Rome in the 5th century over a Christological dispute. It survived over the centuries in spite of the rise of Islam in the 7th century and several schisms, including the formation of a Catholic counterpart, the Chaldean Church. Catholic Near East Welfare Association describes more recent history: During World War I, the Assyrians suffered massive deportations and massacres at the hands of the Turks who suspected them of supporting the British enemy. About one third of the Assyrian population perished. Most of the survivors fled south into Iraq, hoping to be protected by the British. But in 1933, after the end of the British mandate in Iraq, a clash between Assyrians and Iraqi troops ended in another massacre and a further scattering of the community. The Iraqi authorities then stripped Assyrian Patriarch Mar Simon XXIII of his citizenship and expelled him. He went into exile in San Francisco, California, USA. The patriarchate moved to Chicago in 1940. Since 2006, the Church has been building a new patriarchal residence in Erbil. Mar Dinkha, who died March 26, was born in 1935 in a village near Erbil. He later became bishop of Tehran, Iran, and was elected patriarch in 1976. In 1994, he and Pope St. John Paul II signed a Common Christological Declaration at the Vatican. The statement affirms that Catholics and Assyrians are “united today in the confession of the same faith in the Son of God,” Catholic Near East Welfare Association explained. The Pope and Patriarch also established a mixed committee for theological dialogue and charged it with overcoming obstacles that still prevent full communion. It began meeting annually in 1995. In 1996, Mar Dinkha also signed an agreement with the then-leader of the Chaldean Church, Patriarch Raphael I Bidawid, in the hopes of working toward reintegration. John Burger is news editor for Aleteia’s English edition. Christians in the Middle EastIraq	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2299
__label__wiki	0.523556	0.523556	Pope Francis Celebrates Corpus Christi with Eucharistic Procession in Rome © Antoine Mekary / ALETEIA Pope Francis celebrates the Corpus Domini after a procession from St. John at the Lateran Basilica to St. Mary Major Basilica to mark the feast of the Body and Blood of Christ, on May 26, 2016 in Rome Diane Montagna \| May 27, 2016 Says strength is found “in the Eucharist: in the power of the Risen Lord’s love...” VATICAN CITY — Pope Francis on Thursday evening celebrated the Feast of Corpus Christi with Holy Mass and a traditional candlelit Eucharistic procession in Rome. The Eucharistic procession began after the celebration of Holy Mass at the Rome’s Cathedral Basilica of St. John Lateran — the See of the Bishop of Rome — and proceeded along the Via Merulana to the Basilica of St. Mary Major. Although numerous bishops’ conferences throughout the world have transferred the celebration of Corpus Christi to this Sunday to accommodate the faithful, the Vatican liturgical calendar stays true to tradition, marking the Solemnity of Corpus Christi on the Thursday after Holy Trinity Sunday. Waves of clergy, religious, and laity walked in procession singing Eucharistic hymns, listening to scriptural passages on the Eucharist, and praying litanies to the Blessed Sacrament, as onlookers along the streets and from the windows above watched as Jesus Christ truly present in the Blessed Sacrament passed by, accompanied by two deacons. Pope Francis travelled by car to St. Mary Major, where he awaited the arrival of the Most Blessed Sacrament and concluded the celebration with the solemn rite of Benediction. The famous image of the Blessed Virgin, the Salus Populi Romani, which is housed in St. Mary Major, was present at Benediction. It is before this icon that Pope Francis prays before and after his major apostolic journeys. It was Pope St. John Paul II who, in 1982, restored the Roman custom of the Corpus Christi procession, which had not taken place for more than a hundred years. Known for spending hours before the Blessed Sacrament in silent prayer, and making long thanksgivings after Mass, John Paul II deeply loved the custom and continued it throughout his pontificate. The Corpus Christi procession was also treasured by Pope Benedict XVI. In fact, in his homily for Corpus Christi 2012, Pope Benedict explained that a misunderstanding of Vatican II had led some Catholics, even priests, to think that Eucharistic Adoration and Corpus Christi processions are pietistic practices that pale in importance, or are somehow in competition with, the celebration of the Mass. Yet, he said: “If I am truly to communicate with another person I must know him, I must be able to be in silence close to him, to listen to him and look at him lovingly. True love and true friendship are always nourished by the reciprocity of looks, of intense, eloquent silences full of respect and veneration.” If this dimension is lacking, he added, “sacramental communion itself may become a superficial gesture on our part.” “To be all together in prolonged silence before the Lord present in his Sacrament is one of the most genuine experiences of our being the Church,” he said. Pope Francis’ homily In his homily, Pope Francis offered a twofold meaning of the Lord’s command with which he instituted the Holy Eucharist at the Last Supper, telling the apostles: “Do this in remembrance of Me” (1 Corinthians 11:24-25). The pope focused on what the Lord did for us, and what he asks of us in response to his divine love. The pope first underscored Christ’s will to establish a visible priesthood to perpetuate the sacrifice of the Cross throughout the ages, and his desire to satisfy man’s deepest hunger — his hunger for God — through the gift of his most holy Body and Blood. “It is the ‘doing’ of the Eucharist which always has Jesus as its subject, but which is made real through our poor hands anointed by the Holy Spirit,” Pope Francis said. The miracle of the multiplication of the loaves and feeding of five thousand, he added, “signals what Christ wants to accomplish for the salvation of all mankind, giving his own flesh and blood (cf. Jn 6:48-58).” “Breaking ourselves” The pope also recalled that, as members of Christ’s mystical body, all Catholics are all called to make the Eucharist the center and pattern of their lives, i.e., to “break ourselves” in self-giving for others, in union with Jesus who was broken for us. Recalling the many saints who “broke themselves” for others, the pope highlighted the often hidden holiness especially of mothers and fathers who sacrifice themselves for their children in union with the Lord, as well as the many Christians who, “as responsible citizens, have broken their own lives to defend the dignity of all, especially the poorest, the marginalized and those discriminated!” “Where do they find the strength to do this?” the Pope asked. “It is in the Eucharist: in the power of the Risen Lord’s love, who today too breaks bread for us and repeats: ‘Do this in remembrance of me.’” Restoring Eucharistic Processions Pope Francis concluded his homily by reminding Catholics of the unique service they offer to their communities and society by restoring the Corpus Christi Eucharistic Procession. When Catholics take their faith, indeed the very object of their faith — in the True Presence of Jesus Christ in the Holy Eucharist — into the public square, he said, they respond to the Lord’s command by giving the food of the Lord’s presence “to the crowds of today.” Processing together in prayer with the Blessed Sacrament, he told those gathered in Rome, is “an act to break open our faith and our lives as a sign of Christ’s love for this city and for the whole world.” Read the official English translation of Pope Francis’ homily here.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2300
__label__wiki	0.646646	0.646646	Welcome to the Amfil Technologies forum on AGORACOM Diversified rapidly growing global company Amfil Technologies Management Roger Mortimer CEO & President of Amfil Technologies Inc. Mr. Roger Mortimer has been the President and Director of Amfil Technologies, Inc. since August 1, 2013 and serves as its Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Mortimer developed a network of relationships /contacts and strategic alliances in his related industry with some of the largest suppliers, distributors and competitors in the industry. Mr. Mortimer established Interloc-Kings Inc. in April 2009. Mr. Mortimer has a B.A. from Wilfred Laurier University. Ben Castanie Founder and CEO of Snakes & Lattes Mr. Castanie opened Snakes & Lattes in the summer of 2010 on Bloor St in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Having anticipated the rise of the board game scene, providing a space to play games and enjoy drinks seemed to be a logical endeavour to embark on. Ben once pulled shots of espresso himself and was himself the face of the store when customers came in to get a table. Throughout Snakes & Lattes’ growth, Ben has become a key figure in the board game industry, acting as a valuable contact between publishers and the growing consumer market. He has a Bachelor's degree in Logistics and Transportation, and Master's degree in Logistics, Materials, and Supply Chain Management, and a second Master's degree in Management, Logstics and Strategy. Article on how Ben started Snakes & Lattes: http://o.canada.com/life/unique-idea-strategy-fuel-game-cafes-success Aaron Zack COO of Snakes & Lattes Aaron Zack’s insatiable coffee and beer industry knowledge quickly earned him trust with the company, and he found himself providing operations support from Snakes & Lattes’ very early days. He continues to oversee the coffee program and bar operations in their entirety as well as providing community outreach with the neighbourhoods we share. Snakes & Lattes is now a café and bar reputable beyond being solely a board game destination, much to the efforts of Aaron Zack’s engagement with developing the bar and coffee programs. Therese De Grace CEC of Snakes & Lattes As of 2018, Therese De Grace promotes culinary leadership as Snakes & Lattes’ Corporate Executive Chef. Originally from Toronto, Therese's culinary career spans over two decades. Therese has been the recipient of awards and accolades including Loreal’s Mille Femme Magnifique, and was featured in City Bites Top Ten Chefs to watch. Her culinary experience includes Ste. Anne’s Spa, The Kildare Hotel, Toronto’s beloved Lola’s Commissary and most recently as the Executive Chef / Food & Beverage Manager at The Good Earth Food & Wine Company. In recent years Therese has consulted for restaurants both in Toronto & The Niagara Region. Ansis Kalnins Joining Snakes & Lattes on the ground floor, Ansis took on leadership roles during the early growth of the company. From his early days of general service at Snakes & Lattes Annex, through opening Snakes & Lagers, Ansis brought his front line experience and design-oriented thinking to the management team in early 2015. Participating as the design lead on the Snakes & Lattes College buildout, Ansis continues to shape the company from design and branding, through content and operations development. Lindsay Calado As of 2017, Lindsay Calado joined the management team to support the company’s growth by providing focus towards systems development to facilitate market expansion. Lindsay started with Snakes & Lattes in 2015 as a member of general staff, working her way into a supervisory role, which quickly evolved into a management position. After moving to Toronto she began working in executive assistant and administration roles, first for a non- for-profit followed by years inside the film and television industry. These roles focused on developing and building systems to increase efficiency and communication across departments, helping to facilitate management and general staff toward working together as a team. Steve Mahood Steve Mahood joined the Snakes & Lattes management team in 2017, having worked with company since 2014 in a wide variety of roles. An industry veteran of 14 years, Steve has worked for, and alongside, some of Toronto’s top talent, including: Carl Heinrich of Richmond Station, Niall McCotter of Chabrol/Atlas, and Mike Fortier of El Rey Mezcal Bar, to name a few. His time among these industry leaders, helped develop his high standard for excellence. Steve brings dedication and vision to developing a top-notch hospitality experience, through training and hands-on work. He is inspired by a passion for making every guest who comes to Snakes & Lattes feel like an old friend, and a belief in the value of fostering community amongst staff and guests alike. Last changed at 14-Apr-2019 05:33PM Open AMFE Stock	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2302
__label__wiki	0.689941	0.689941	Business » Finance Advance Pay Service May Reduce Use of Payday Loans by Ken Sweet . Thursday Nov 8, 2018 Americans take out roughly $50 billion in payday loans a year, each racking up hundreds of dollars in fees and interest. But a small and growing service that allows its users to take an advance on their paycheck might be giving the payday loan industry a run for its money. San Francisco-based financial technology company Even made headlines late last year when Walmart, the nation's largest private employer, announced it would start offering Even's service as part of its employee benefits package. Along with providing tools that allow employees to track their spending and save money, Even features Instapay, which allows users to advance some of their next paycheck up to 13 days before payday. Because the Even user is tapping into his or her already accumulated hours, Even doesn't charge the employee interest on the advance. Even is one of a handful of technology companies have popped up in recent years looking to get wages to employees faster and on demand. Companies like FlexWage Solutions and Instant Financial offer on-demand pay, but those services are often tied to a debit card issued by the company instead of an employee's primary bank account. Even founder Jon Schlossberg has said publicly that part of the company's mission is to put the payday loan industry out of business, claiming it exploits the financially vulnerable. He shared internal usage data exclusively with The Associated Press that shows, at least preliminarily, that Even users are less likely to tap the payday loan market once they sign up for the company's services. "You have this entire industry of financial institutions taking advantage of Americans struggling to live paycheck to paycheck, and payday lenders are really the most predatory," Schlossberg said. Payday lenders say they provide a necessary service, with many Americans unable to come up with cash to cover an unexpected financial emergency. They also say they lend to the country's most desperate, who are often the highest risk for not paying back the loan. But critics say the rates and fees are exorbitant and can trap the borrower in a cycle of debt that can last months. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, under the Obama administration, was trying to regulate the payday lending industry nationwide, but under the Trump administration the bureau has begun the process of reversing those regulations. Even's data show that roughly 28 percent of its users took out a payday loan in the months before signing up for the service. Four months after signing up for Even, that figure drops to less than 20 percent. Even calculated the figure by studying usage behavior of its members from December 2017 until September 2018. Even is able to tell which users are still using payday loans because Even users link their bank accounts to the app. The company is then able to tell what types of transactions a user is making, and whether they bear the characteristics of a payday loan transaction or name a payday lender as the other party. Schlossberg admits that Even could be missing some payday loan transactions, particularly ones where a check is used instead of a direct debit from a borrower's account. The data is also limited by the fact that Walmart, by far its biggest customer, only started using the product on December 15, 2017. Schlossberg said the company is working with academic researchers on the efficacy of Even's Instapay product versus payday loan usage, with the goal of publishing sometime in 2019. Walmart is the only company that publicly says it uses Even, but an Even spokesman says it has "more than" 10 companies signed up currently, with 400,000 active subscribers. Even does charge Walmart employees a $6 monthly fee to use its premium features, which includes Instapay. Consumer advocates, who have long targeted the payday lending industry, said they were glad to see alternatives to payday loans available but urged caution about their usage. "The decrease is interesting and potentially promising but too soon to draw any conclusions," said Scott Astrada, director of federal advocacy at the left-leaning Center for Responsible Lending. Popular Stories in Business ROCKETMAN: INSIDE THE WORLD OF THE MOVIE from WELDON OWEN Publishing!	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2307
__label__wiki	0.676319	0.676319	There’s an app for that: How NSA, allies exploit mobile app stores "Five Eyes" intelligence agencies built tools to spot Google, Samsung app protocols. Sean Gallagher - May 21, 2015 6:28 pm UTC 58 with 43 posters participating, including story author In 2011 and 2012, the NSA and the communications intelligence agencies of its "Five Eyes" allies developed and tested a set of add-ons to their shared Internet surveillance capability that could identify and target communications between mobile devices and popular mobile app stores—including those of Google and Samsung. According to an NSA document published by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, the targeting capability could have been used to launch "man-in-the-middle" attacks on mobile app downloads, allowing the NSA and other agencies to install code on targeted devices and gather intelligence on their users. Building a panopticon: The evolution of the NSA’s XKeyscore The document—a 2012 National Security Agency presentation obtained from former NSA contractor Edward Snowden—details efforts by the NSA, Canada's Communications Security Establishment (CSE), and the other "Five Eyes" allies to identify the "fingerprints" of communications between mobile devices and app stores. The capabilities were developed during two collaborative workshops: one in November 2011 hosted by the Australian Signals Directorate, and the other hosted by Canada's CSE in February 2012. The February workshop was attended by analysts from all of the Five Eyes communications intelligence agencies, the NSA slides joked, as "everyone wanted to experience a Canadian winter!" These fingerprints were turned into "mini-plugins" for XKeyscore, the NSA's worldwide distributed Internet surveillance system. XKeyscore can apply these plugin rules to search through streams of Internet traffic for matching data. It has been used as a targeting system for various types of network exploitation attacks—including the "Quantum" man-in-the-middle attacks that allow the agencies to hijack or modify traffic between a computer or device of interest and various Web services to decrypt it, insert malware into the stream, or present altered versions of the content. Blowing someone else's horn While the document published by CBC does not indicate that the capability had been used in operations, it recounts a test operation called "Op Irritant Horn" (apparently named for the vuvuzela that gained worldwide infamy during the 2010 World Cup in South Africa) that confirmed such attacks were possible. The goal of the exercise was to "identify aggregation points for the mobile networks in the countries of interest" using the methods developed during the two workshops. According to the NSA presentation by the agency's Network Tradecraft Advancement Team, those techniques included 17 XKeyscore filters that were developed for identifying app store traffic in non-"Five Eyes" countries. There were fingerprints based on the Google and Samsung app store protocols (Google's app store server in France was identified as an "aggregation point" for some of the targeted countries), as well as other application servers frequently connected to by mobile devices in those countries—including Congo, Senegal, and Sudan. Those included app stores hosted by providers in Cuba, Russia, Switzerland, Morocco, the Netherlands, the Bahamas, and Senegal. The operation found a number of servers that were ripe for man-in-the-middle attacks, launching "effects" attacks on mobile devices and collecting device, user identification, and other data from information both moving between the stores and the mobile device and on the client device itself. For example, data collected by the CSE during Op Irritant Horn included the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) and phone model data for customers of telecom provider Warid Congo—identifying the ZTE S213 feature phone as the most popular handset in Congo. In an unexpected development, GCHQ analysts discovered a backdoor in the Chinese UCWeb mobile browser that was actively being used by another entity (whose identity has been redacted from the document) to conduct espionage. The backdoor "leaks" data, including the mobile device's IMSI and International Mobile station Equipment Identity (IMEI), unique GSM subscription identifier (MSISDN), and information about the device—including the user's e-mail address—all being sent back to a remote server. Some of the data exposed by this backdoor was associated with accounts on the Indian pay-as-you-go provider MobiMasti. Enlarge / Data from the UCWeb browser exploit implanted by another country's intelligence agency, captured by XKeyscore. NSA secretly hijacked existing malware to spy on N. Korea, others Spotting this exploit already in use created an opportunity for the NSA and the other agencies to build an XKeyscore filter to watch for the data being leaked by the backdoor so that they could passively capture it for their own purposes. It's yet another example of how the NSA uses passive surveillance to ride the coattails of other states' active network exploits for intelligence collection. So you're exploiting a mobile app server... In addition to building the 17 XKeyscore filters, another major task of the two workshops was to create a guide to reproduce the work for other mobile application services. The "tradecraft" used to identify and target app store servers was documented by the workshop group for analysts across all five communications intelligence agencies on event Wiki pages shared by the hosting agencies and on "Crafty Shack," a best-practices site shared across the five countries' intelligence communities. The ten-step analytic procedure, "Identify servers communicating with a mobile network," is a recipe for targeting any Internet service used by mobile devices from a given mobile network, and it could be applied to any traffic dump. Much of the analysis done to profile mobile application servers by the NSA's Network Tradecraft Advancement Team was performed in Splunk, the commercial data analysis tool, as illustrated in the team's slide deck. A simple flow diagram showing how the NSA's traffic analysis process identifies mobile app servers tied to a specific mobile provider of interest. A slide showing profiling of mobile app servers from network capture data from the NSA's Network Tradecraft Advancement Team, with a Splunk screenshot. These services might not include servers in "Five Eyes" countries, but they could certainly target the overseas servers of US companies—as demonstrated by the filtering of traffic headed for Google's French app store from African countries. When used in conjunction with the Quantum attack chain, the capability could be used to target not just app downloads but communication with any mobile service that doesn't rely on "pinned" certificates to communicate. The intelligence agencies could inject their own spoofed certificate to the client device and route all communications with a service through a fake server by way of BGP routing exploits. Perhaps the biggest takeaway from the leaked document is that the NSA and other intelligence agencies discovered that third-party app stores—many of them poorly secured and some of them for jailbroken devices—are the primary source of apps for many countries. If you get malware on your device after downloading an app from one of those stores, it might not be the app developer's fault. Sean Gallagher Sean is Ars Technica's IT and National Security Editor. A former Navy officer, systems administrator, and network systems integrator with 20 years of IT journalism experience, he lives and works in Baltimore, Maryland. Email sean.gallagher@arstechnica.com // Twitter @thepacketrat	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2308
__label__wiki	0.680577	0.680577	Britania Redington Emerging Professional Music: Solo Recital Britania Redington was perhaps 6 years old when she came to a realization. Playing in her bedroom, singing with gusto songs from “Annie,” she came to notice that her voice sounded pleasant. “I remember being excited and going to a friend’s house, and I said, ‘Look what I can do!'” she says. “And I would sing. I don’t think my friend was as impressed. I think some part of me knew that maybe not everybody could do that. But that’s not really a good reason to pursue anything. I just remember feeling kind of special and really enjoying singing my lungs out.” Her interest wasn’t spontaneous – Redington’s youth was bathed in music. Her passion for opera began when she heard her grandfather, in his basement, singing along with records of the Italian tenor Enrico Caruso. Her father played classical music albums and enlivened the experience by telling stories to fit with the music. Once Redington heard “Die Zauberflote” at age 14, she became certain that she wanted to be a professional singer. Lessons soon followed, and she’s been studying ever since. Through high school, she sang with every choir she could find. She already could read music, thanks to lessons on flute and piano. Her family often moved, and upon graduation, Redington, then in North Dakota, had little guidance beyond her family. Georges Bizet – Je dis que rien ne m’épouvante “Micaela’s Air” from Carmen Full length: 4 minutes 52 seconds Work sample: 4 minute 52 seconds Giacomo Puccini – Signore, ascolta! from Turandot Full length: 2 minutes Work sample: 2 minutes “Nobody there could tell me, ‘Oh, you need to go here,’ or, ‘You need to do this and that,'” she says. “It was a lot of guesswork, and I took a few years off here and there.” Redington, a soprano, has lived in Delaware since completing her master’s degree. Now an adjunct professor at Wesley College, Redington teaches voice, opera scenes and has led a range of classes on subjects such as the history of rock, world music, and music and spirituality. She also maintains a small studio of private voice students. Lately, she has been working on two projects: the first is a standard voice recital (7 p.m., May 23, Dover Presbyterian Church) featuring art songs in French, German, English and Spanish, along with some of her favorite arias; the second, whose performance date and venue has yet to be determined, will be a cabaret including some of her favorite songs from the Great American Songbook, as well as select classical pieces. (She’s been working on the latter with a New York director.) The Division’s grant, Redington says, will help offset the many expenses of pursuing a singing career, including travel, auditions, application fees, lessons and accompanists. Kimberly Reighley Robert M. Bickey Gail Braune Comorat Kevin J. Cope Christopher Nichols Russell Reece Jeffrey Rubin Billie Travalini Lance Winn Judy Catterton Barbara Gray Tom Newby James Ulry Lindsey Warren Karoline Wileczek	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2309
__label__wiki	0.87097	0.87097	Leonardo DiCaprio-produced Live-Action Adaptation of “Akira” is Still Happening, Apparently Honestly, no one can blame us if we thought that the live-action film of Akira will forever languish in the development stage—after all, the project was first announced to be greenlit by Warner in 2011, but then just a year later it was announced that production has officially been halted. The yet-to-happen film has already undergone several changes in possible directors, delays in production, and other events that almost ensured that the film will never see the light of day. Recent developments, however, appear to ensure that the film is indeed happening, and it might happen soon: according to entertainment website Variety, Leonardo diCaprio’s Appian Way company has been granted an $18.5 million tax credit by the California Film Commission to produce Akira and to shoot the film in the said state. To receive the tax credit, production on the film must begin within 180 days—which somehow ensures that the film will be finally pulled out of limbo. According to entertainment website Deadline, Thor: Ragnarok director Taika Waititi will most likely direct Akira, as he was the last director who was attached to the project. This really seems quite possible, as Waititi has expressed interest in the project in the past and even promised that the film will not be whitewashed if ever he does end up in the director’s chair: “Asian teenagers would be the way to do it for me and probably no, not, like no name, I mean sort of unfound, untapped talent. Yeah, I’d probably want to take it a bit back more towards the books.” The 1988 animated film Akira was based on Katsuhiro Otomo’s post-apocalyptic cyberpunk manga series of the same name. Otomo directed and co-wrote the film’s script as well, and his work has gone on to become an influential cult classic and is widely regarded as one of the best animated films of all time. Source: Variety, Deadline	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2313
__label__cc	0.612107	0.387893	The Animatrix by Munky A collection of nine short films, each with their own story line, writer, director, and animation style. From CG to black and white, this anime offers plenty of fluctuations to suit your animation desires. The shorts are: "The Final Flight of the Osiris," "The Second Renaissance: Parts 1 and 2," "Program," "Detective Story," "Kid's Story," "Beyond," "Matriculated," and "World Record". The story begins with the Ogino family moving. They take a wrong turn while trying to find their new house and end up in front of what seems to be and old run-down train station. They walk through it to find this seemingly abandoned village. Even though they see no people, they spot a large buffet of fresh food. While the Oginos gorge themselves in the food, their daughter, Chihiro, wanders off investigating the area. A horrible transformation occurs with her parents, and Chihiro struggles to find help. This is where the story begins. The village begins to change completely, and all these strange creatures start appearing around this spa/hotel. Chihiro is taken in, and begins her search to find her parents. Will she ever see her parents again and escape from this strange new world? Grave of the Fireflies by Munky Near the end of World War II, American air-raids on Japan threatened many lives. After losing their mother, 14 year old Seita and his baby sister Setsuko are forced to live on their own. The harsh war times make it difficult to find food, or get help from neighbours and family. Finding it hard to get nutrition, toiletries, and other needed services, death and starvation seems to be the only way out. Hellsing by Munky Based in London, England, the Hellsing Organization protects the country from the undead. Sir Integral Wingates Hellsing took over the Hellsing Organization after her father died, and she also became the master of the undefeatable vampire, Alucard. He's one crazy vampire, and he won't hesitate to blow you to dust with his awesome gun, the Jackal. Midnight Club II This sequel to Midnight Club: Street Racing is a huge improvement from the disappointing first installment. This game's all about winning the races, the cars, and being the head racer of each town. Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers Lord of the Rings fans unite! This game will bring the joy of the movies into the palm of your hands. Playing along as either Aragorn, Legolas, or Gimli, battle your way through the story of The Two Towers. Guilty Gear X2 This 2D fighter is one of the greats that keeps this genre alive. Amazing graphics and Japanese seiyuu pull you into plenty of different gameplay styles. You're Tommy Vercetti, and you're back in the 80's. You can cruise, kill, or pick up women. Now this is what I call freedom. Chaos Legion Play as Sieg Warheit, a warrior who summons Legions to help him in his battles. Your mission is to stop a man named Victor Delacroix from collecting three artifacts that would merge the spiritual planes with the real world. A lot of monsters are thrown at you all at one time. Can you handle it? Auto Modellista Join in and play the game that has a fantastic cel shaded look! The game is designed for both the diehard car fans and gamers alike. There are loads of cars to choose from and race on various tracks. Try your hand at the game with arcade style driving and a simulation style set-up!	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2314
__label__cc	0.748167	0.251833	People with warning signs should see a doctor right away. People without warning signs in whom tinnitus recently developed should call their doctor, as should people with pulsatile tinnitus. Most people with tinnitus and no warning signs have had tinnitus for a long time. They can discuss the matter with their doctor and be seen at a mutually convenient time. Exposure to Loud Noise: Exposure to loud or excessive noise can damage or destroy hair cells (cilia) in the inner ear. Because the hair cells cannot be renewed or replaced, this can lead to permanent hearing loss and/or tinnitus. Continued exposure can worsen these conditions, so people who work in loud environments should always wear ear protection. This includes musicians, air traffic controllers, construction workers, military personnel, and first responders. In addition, consider lowering the volume on your iPod and wearing earplugs at loud concerts. We encourage you to avoid anything that can make your tinnitus worse. For instance, you may want to avoid smoking, drinking alcohol, or listening to loud noises. Another precaution is protection. If you’re a construction worker, airport worker, hunter, or regularly exposed to loud noise, you should wear custom earplugs or special earmuffs. Ear protection goes a long way towards preventing your tinnitus from getting worse. The results were calculated using a measure called “effect size”, which is a way of quantifying the size of the difference between the two groups. For the difference in quality of life scores between groups, the effect size was calculated to be 0.24. This can be interpreted as a “small” effect. In other words, treatment including CBT gave a small improvement in quality of life compared with usual care. Most experts refer to tinnitus as the condition that causes ringing in the ears, however other abnormal sounds and sensations can also be attributed to tinnitus. The definition of tinnitus is “the perception of noise or ringing in the ears.” Some also describe this condition as “hearing sounds in the ears when no external sound is present.” Although tinnitus is only a significant problem for about 1 percent to 5 percent of the population, up to 10 percent to 15 percent of all children and adults are believed to experience ringing in the ears at least from time to time. Antidepressants. Antidepressants, such as nortriptyline and amitriptyline, have been used as mood enhancers to help someone with tinnitus cope with the life changing implications and complications it brings. However, they are often only prescribed in the most severe of tinnitus cases as they carry some serious side effects that might not make them worth taking for everyone. These include blurred vision, heart problems, dry mouth and constipation. Identifying And Treating Any Vascular Issues. There is a very small chance that your tinnitus is being caused by an underlying blood vessel condition known as pulsatile tinnitus. Sometimes this condition is caused by pregnancy or strenuous exercise and other times it’s the result of a single blood vessel or a group of blood vessels experiencing increased blood flow that the rest of the body is not experiencing. On rare occurrences, the cause is a benign tumor known as an acoustic neuroma (AKA vestibular schwannoma). These tumors, although very rare, can cause the development of abnormal blood vessels which can result in pulsatile tinnitus. Treatment options include medication and surgery. Most people who seek medical help for tinnitus experience it as subjective, constant sound like constant ringing in the ears or a buzzing sound in the ear, and most have some degree of hearing loss. Things that cause hearing loss (and tinnitus) include loud noise, medications that damage the nerves in the ear (ototoxic drugs), impacted earwax, middle ear problems (such as infections and vascular tumors), and aging. Tinnitus can also be a symptom of Meniere's disease, a disorder of the balance mechanism in the inner ear. Tinnitus is believed to be caused by inner ear cell damage. Cilia in your inner ear move in relation to the pressure of sound waves. This triggers these cells to release an electrical signal through a nerve from your ear (auditory nerve) to your brain. Your brain interprets these signals as sound. If the hairs inside your inner ear are bent or broken, they can "leak" random electrical impulses to your brain, causing tinnitus. Tinnitus remains a symptom that affects the lives of millions of people. Research is directed not only at its treatment, but also at understanding why it occurs. Research by doctors at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Dalhousie University (Canada), and Southeast China University have published research using electrophysiology and functional MRI to better understand what parts of the brain are involved in hearing and the production of tinnitus. Their research has found that much larger areas of the brain are involved with the process of hearing than previously believed, which may help direct future diagnostic and therapeutic options. Wearable sound generators are small electronic devices that fit in the ear and use a soft, pleasant sound to help mask the tinnitus. Some people want the masking sound to totally cover up their tinnitus, but most prefer a masking level that is just a bit louder than their tinnitus. The masking sound can be a soft “shhhhhhhhhhh,” random tones, or music. On the internet, on TV and radio commercials and in papers and magazines you can easily find many who offers a method that can cure, or at least reduce, tinnitus. This could for example be in the form of “medication” (pills and injections), herbal treatments, different types of therapy and hypnosis. But other “cures” also exist. The list of “cures” is long, and is getting longer. Like Shore and Kilgard’s work, most of the promising research on tinnitus has to do with stimulating or altering the brain’s hyperactivity in ways that reduce tinnitus. Some studies have shown electromagnetic brain stimulation — using either invasive or noninvasive techniques, including procedures that involve surgically implanted electrodes or scalp electrodes — may help reverse a patient’s tinnitus. (6) While none of these treatment options are currently available, all have shown some success in treating the condition. Most tinnitus is "sensorineural," meaning that it's due to hearing loss at the cochlea or cochlear nerve level. But tinnitus may originate in other places. Our bodies normally produce sounds (called somatic sounds) that we usually don't notice because we are listening to external sounds. Anything that blocks normal hearing can bring somatic sounds to our attention. For example, you may get head noise when earwax blocks the outer ear. Some patients choose to get involved in “tinnitus retraining,” which involves wearing a device in the ears that provides soothing music or noise, along with undergoing counseling. The goal is to help your body and brain learn to get accustomed to tinnitus noise, which reduces your negative reactions to unwanted sounds. Support and counseling during the process can be helpful for reducing anxiety. Researchers are now learning more about the benefits of coherent cognitive behavioral therapy interventions to help treat distress associated with tinnitus. (3) One group of 247 patients received standard (usual) care for tinnitus. This included audiological checks, counselling, prescription of a hearing aid if indicated, prescription of a “masker” if requested by the patient (a device that generates neutral sounds to distract from the noise of the tinnitus), and counselling from social workers when required. Oticon Tinnitus SoundSupport works by adding sound to the buzzing, hissing, or roaring you already hear. This may seem peculiar, but in fact, the relief sounds (which are dynamic and soothing) can mix with and distract you from those bothersome noises, giving you control over your condition. The flexible program includes a variety of relief sounds that can ease the effects of tinnitus. Your audiologist can personalize the sounds to your needs and preferences, and they can be used alongside Tinnitus Retraining Therapy for instruction and support. For some people, the jarring motion of brisk walking can produce what is called a seismic effect which causes movement in the small bones or contractions in the muscles of the middle ear space. You can experiment to find out if this is the cause by walking slowly and smoothly to see if the clicking is present. Then, try walking quickly and with a lot of motion to see if you hear the clicking. You can also test for the seismic effect by moving your head up and down quickly.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2322
__label__cc	0.660188	0.339812	Tag: San Diego The Park at the Park Each time I visit San Diego, I find something else to fall in love with. Last year, I wrote about the Martin Luther King walk. This trip, it’s Petco Park. Petco was my first love in San Diego. I still get emotional when I try to describe the way I felt on my first visit two years ago. Retired players’ numbers aren’t painted on the side walls, as they are at most ballparks. Here they’re three-dimensional objects – lit from within – and at night they glow amid the lights of the downtown skyscrapers so the city itself becomes part of the ballpark and the ballpark part of the city. What can I say? I’m a sucker for inclusivity. Well, I’m back in San Diego and walking past Petco a couple of nights ago I saw a strange signboard: “The Park at the Park is Open.” In New York, “the Park at the Park” would be some sort of overpriced garage, right? Well, in San Diego it’s an actual amenity nestled behind left field. If you miss your Padres while they’re on the road, head to the Park at the Park to watch the out-of-town game on a big screen TV with fellow fans while lolling on a grassy hill. Or play a couple of innings on the Little League-size field, presided over by a bronze statue of “Mr. Padre,” the great Tony Gwynn. In plenty of other markets, you’d be paying a hefty admission fee for a space like that. And there’d be concessionaires trying to sell you $10 hotdogs. In San Diego, it’s free. It feels like the team’s gift to the city. And there’s nobody selling anything. It’s just a lovely space. I’m a big fan of any kind of art – whether it’s architecture or writing – that draws you in, invites you to participate in an experience. Petco Park does that better than any other ballpark I’ve seen. The Padres are back in town tomorrow. Who cares that they’re terrible this year? I can’t wait to catch a game. A lovely walking path follows the curves of the harbor across the street from San Diego’s convention center. The path offers something for just about everyone: art (an arresting silver sculpture), nature (a small dog park with the prettiest dog-level drinking fountain I’ve ever seen), a reflecting pool (surrounding yet more art). But the most interesting feature to me were the square granite plaques spaced every few feet along the path, with quotations engraved on them. Now, San Diego is not the only city to do this: The public spaces in Manhattan’s Battery Park City feature passages by Walt Whitman and Frank O’Hara, celebrating what one web site calls “the exhilarating spirit of New York City.” But those passages are actually about New York City. The quotations in San Diego’s park were not created for or about San Diego; the man who wrote the words never lived there. From the written word to the art inspired by it, the entire park – its official name is the Martin Luther King, Jr. Promenade – celebrates the spirit and the vision of this great leader. And the fact that San Diego has placed this tribute in such a prominent location, across the street from its Convention Center, where tens of thousands of tourists encounter it every day, gives even casual visitors a real sense of the culture and priorities of this beautiful city. I can’t wait to go back.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2324
__label__cc	0.72441	0.27559	Vulture "Restaurants" Before the onset BSE (Bovine spongiform encephalopathy) many Spanish villages used traditional “muladares” to dump dead animals. This, along with wide spread hunting, helped to sustain Spain’s large vulture population. The arrival of BSE saw the introduction of new rules banning this practice and obliging farmers (and hunters) to clear up any dead animals as quickly as possible. Inevitably, this meant a sharp reduction in the availability of carrion and a threat to the continued existence of vultures. Accordingly, "vulture restaurants" - fenced areas where carefully monitored carcasses (often horses or mules which are not vulnerable to BSE) - were created to provide these magnificent scavengers with a regular food supply. These feeding stations have since become the main food source for all avian scavengers. This has doubtless helped them to maintain, even increase, their numbers. It’s not all good news though. Evidently, their use has meant an increase in competition in the more solitary Lammergeier and a consequent decline in breeding success. Similarly, the increase in crows opportunistically using the ‘restaurants’ has cause a sharp decrease in the breeding success of passerines near these sites. Furthermore, it’s altered the habits of vultures who, rather than cruise the skies in search of food, are now more likely to loaf around near the more certain sources of food. There’s also been a worryingly large increase in the levels of veterinary drugs in Spain’s vultures. Presumably, this reflects the change in the origins of available carcasses and it’s not yet clear what the long term impact of this might be (although, fortunately, the banned drug, diclofenac, which has decimated Asia’s vulture population, is not amongst the drugs found). The days of these ‘restaurants’ may yet be numbered since a recent report suggests that the current tight regulations regarding the disposal of carcasses should be relaxed or even abandoned. Vulture "restaurants" in the Alcornocales Whatever the pros and cons, these “restaurants” have provided easier and more predictable places to see vultures on the ground. Unfortunately, with few exceptions, the existence and exact location of these sites has not been widely publicised. There may be valid reasons for this coyness, but I can’t help feeling a golden opportunity for both education and eco-tourism has gone begging. The excellent “Birding map of the Alcornocales” – freely available at Natural Park Information offices – does shows two feeding stations; one at Montera del Torero (just south of exit 73 on the A 381) and another below El Picacho on the A 2304 (NW of Alcala de los Gazules). Although I’ve looked in the area I’ve never been able to find the first, but have visited the site near El Picacho. This lies about 700m north-west of the A 2304 road near the “Aula de la Natrualeza El Picacho” study centre. However, not only is it completely hidden from view but also not open to the public. However, the staff at the study centre (where you can also stay) may be able to organise a visit (contact: auladelanaturaleza@elpicacho.es – see also www.elpicacho.es). Given that birds often hang around here, it may be worth finding a convenient watchpoint here from which to scan for birds (try the sendero up to El Picacho a few kilometres further into the mountains). Signposts showing route to site So is that it? Not quite. A new feeding station has been set up in the Alcornocales – this time signposted and open to the public. It was set up in February 2011 and good photos and text (in Spanish) describing this site can be found at http://redvoluntariosserraniaderonda...arroneras.html. It’s well signposted (look for the “Observatorio de Aves” sign) off the A373 between Ubrique and Cortes de la Frontera on the road down to Estacion del Colemenar (i.e. c4.5 km west of Cortes or 11.5km east of the turn off for Ubrique at the Mirador Mojon de Vibora). Lotion of the "restaurant" (feeding station) I managed to visit this site in August 2011 and, although I saw no vultures, it was interesting to see the place for myself. En route there is usually plenty to see with the Mirador Mojon de Vibora offering stunning views across to Ubrique and the limestone bulk of Grazalema Natural Park beyond. This is also often a good site for Thekla Lark. Another good stop further along the A373 towards Cortes de la Frontera is where the GR7 sendero (here a drivable track) heads into the woods. Crested Tit, Nuthatch, Short-toed Treecreeper, Great-spotted and Iberian Green Woodpecker, Woodlark, etc can all be found here. I’ve also had Large Tortoiseshell butterfly in these woodlands. The large limestone crag here is often home to a small group of for Spanish Ibex. Continue along the A373 towards Cortes de la Frontera until you reach a turning on the left down to the Estacion del Colmenar (about 11 km). Although only a ‘pista forestal’, this small tarmac’d road is in generally good condition albeit quite narrow. This road twists and turns its serpentine way down into the valley and through attractive open woodland until it reaches El Colmenar. Indeed, it’s one of my favourite drives in the Alcornocales. All of the birds mentioned earlier occur, but in autumn the valley can also funnel good numbers of migrant raptors – in August 2010 I had 700 Honey Buzzards in little more than 40 minutes here. Path to observatorio The “restaurant” itself is about 3 km from the A 373 and is signalled by a chained track with a small ‘No Entry Sign’ on your right. (This track is used to take in the carcasses down to the “restaurant”). A few tens of metres beyond this track, the road turns sharp right and you can pull over onto a wide sandy area to the left. (If arriving from the direction of El Colmenar it’s abut 14 km - look for the parking place about a kilometre after an even tighter bend where the road crosses the [often dry] river). An obvious footpath (with hand rails) here leads up the slope to an observation area. Surprisingly, the feeding area is squeezed between a long bend in the road, but, despite this, it is well screened from passing traffic. The watch point here is complete with signs and information (in English and Spanish) and looks across to the fenced area (to keep out Foxes, etc) where the carrion is left. You have a clear view, but it is distant (c100m) so a scope will be handy. Even if feeding birds are more distant than ideal (for you if not the vultures!) then you should get good views of low flying birds. When in use expect to see Griffon Vultures and, although in serious decline, look out too for Egyptian Vultures (esp. during migration periods). A handful of Black Vultures have recently taken to summering in this area and in August-October in particular check for Rűppell’s Vulture which has also been recorded in this area in the past. Unfortunately, the notice boards give no indication of when or how often food is distributed (although there is a email address – fauna.ronda@telefonica.net – but this is for reporting any tagged or ringed birds). Accordingly, whether you get to see vultures feeding is somewhat hit and miss. However, full marks for the authorities for setting up this resource. I gather that there’s another “restaurant” not too far from the ruins of Acinipo (NW of Ronda), but I have no details. There must surely be more vulture “restaurants” in the south-west. It’s hard to imagine, for example, that Grazalema hasn’t got one (or more) sites. So if you know of any, particularly ones which can safely be viewed by the birding public, I’d love to hear from you! Vulture "restaurant" - Cortes de la Frontera Langunas de Lantejuela Lagunas de Lantejuela The Lagunas de Lantejuela is one of those area that is just too far for an easy day trip from my base in Alcala de los Gazules – particularly since to get there you have to pass prime bustard habitat which will inevitably tempt you to break the journey. This, combined with a disappointing visit in 2002 (or thereabouts), meant it wasn’t somewhere I’d explored. However, in spring 2011 I had to pick up visitors arriving at Seville airport one evening so an early start meant I had much of the day in the Marchena – Osuna area. Then, in August I drove up to Cordoba which gave me another chance to look around – surprisingly the lagunas were still quite wet. The main reason for my previous disappointment here was simple – the lagunas simply didn’t exist as significant bodies of water at the start of the decade. So much so that I struggled to find them at all and when I did, I was welcomed by birdless baked earth and cracked clay. Like so many shallow lagunas in southern Spain they seemed to be victims of intensive agricultural development. Although excessive abstraction is doubtless a problem, I later discovered that the long drought at this time had rendered them dry for pretty much most of the early 2000s. In truth, the alternative name for many of theses lagunas, ‘hoya’ (= depression) shows that these lakes have always suffered from summer drought. What made the difference at the time I first visited was that the usual winter rains hadn’t materialised. Although declared a reserve in 1989, the lagunas don’t seem to have received too much attention until relatively recently. For example even an official leaflet on the area has a table showing whether the lagunas were inundated or not which has no details for 2001, leaves the winters of 2002 and 2003, spring of 2002 and summer 2003 as blank since they were ‘unvisited’. However, since c2009 things seem to have undergone a real change. Laguna del Gobierno now apprears to have a education/visitor centre, some lagunas have sprouted information boards, birding blogs have materialised on the web, ‘ornithological routes’ are being promoted and, in April 2011, the place even had a small ‘bird fair’! (see http://www.tierradelagunas.com/, http://lantejuelaturismorural.blogspot.com/ http://otistardalantejuela.blogspot.com/). There’s even a small booklet (in Spanish) on the birds of the area. So, where are these lakes and what might you see there? The village of La Lantejuela is 18km north north of Osuna which is c90km east of Seville on the fast A 92 autovia. The handsome baroque town of Osuna, after which the lagunas are sometimes named, would make an excellent base to explore this area. Collared Pratincole - Laguna de la Turquillas However, this short itinerary starts in Lantejuela and follows the SE 8201. Like many small Spanish towns, signposts never seem to be where you want them and I admit I’ve got lost a couple of times in La Lantejuela. However, to get onto the SE 8201 follow signs for El Rubio (although you may have to circle the odd roundabout before you see the sign!). First, though, as you drive through La Lantejuela, keep a look out for a roundabout graced by an old well. Ignore the sign for El Rubio and, instead head back into the village on the Avenida de las Fuentes de Andalucia, but turn right almost at once into the Avenida de la Vereda de la Huerta. After about 800 metres you’ll find Laguna del Gobierno (a) on your left. Unfortunately, I only found out about this site via the internet on my return home so I’ve not yet visited it. The entrance is flanked by an avian themed decorated gateway and it appears to serve some educational/touristic function. The laguna itself is small and is flanked by some sort of water treatment works. Despite its size this would seem to be one of the few areas that always has some water and so in dry seasons could be a magnet for water birds. It also seems to have White-headed Duck. The road past the laguna continues, as a track, into the ‘campo’ and may prove worth exploring in the hope of finding bustards (both Great and Little Bustards occur in the area). Return to the roundabout and, this time, take the road (SE 8201) for El Rubio. About 2.5 km from the roundabout there’s a good track running across the farmlands on your right. To be honest I’m not 100% about access here, but I’ve driven down it without any problems. After c700m you come to Laguna/Hoya de la Verde Sal (b) which, I suspect is more ‘hoya’ than ‘laguna’ since even in what seems a wet year it was dry. I had Stone Curlew here and the habitat did look ‘sandgrouse friendly’ (although Black-bellied Sandgrouse is somewhat rare in this general area). In April I continued along this track until I reached the back of Laguna Ballestera (c). In fact, it was so wet that the track was impassable; it should continue past the lake and back onto the SE 8021(see note on this track later). I’ve read that this lake is private so act accordingly. On both visits it held several hundred Flamingos. These should be checked carefully as Lesser Flamingo has been seen here several times. Also present were numerous Coots (Crested Coot is a rarity here, but it wouldn’t harm to check!), various ducks (inc. Red-crested Pochard and White-headed), Whiskered Tern and a few waders. As always, in Spain, the skies should be scanned for raptors – in summer Montagu’s Harrier seems common as does Lesser Kestrel. I’ve also had the expected Booted and Short-toed Eagles, Common Buzzard, Marsh Harrier and the like. Those unaware to the species rapid expansion over the last few decades might be surprised to see Black-winged Kite, but they’re now frequent here. Another discovery via the internet once I returned to the UK was that a track/path runs south from Ballestera (c) to Hoya de Pedro Lopez (d). The name seems to suggests that it’s rarely wet (winter only?), but it could be worth exploring. A track, just south of the village on the A 407, may reach this hoya and possibly continues on to the track noted above. Again, I’m not sure about access, but a sendero (footpath) down to this site is marked on Google Earth. One for the explorer, perhaps! Back on the SE 8201, continue eastwards towards El Rubio to get another view of Laguna Ballestera this time from the north. Don’t be fooled by a shallow depression just before this that can sometimes get flooded and hold a few Black-winged Stilt, Lapwings or even the odd Flamingo. Continue cautiously and carefully pull off the road (by a young olive grove) to view the area again. Further along the SE 8201 (c5km from La Lantejuela), you reach a T-juntion; here the SE 8501 heads north and past the next site – Laguna Consuegra (e). In spring the junction here overlooked flooded fields which held good numbers of Lapwing, Black-winged Stilt and Gull-billed Terns. The laguna itself holds many of the species noted under Ballestera (inc. vagrant Lesser Flamingo), but, although odd tracks head off towards the water, I’m not sure about access here (once again I’ve been told it’s private). A kilometre after the T-junction, a track runs off at an acute angle to your right. This seems to lead back of Laguna Ballestera and is supposedly the start of a sendero (see map). It should be drivable, but an old (and almost indecipherable) sign suggests it’s a restricted military road – as elsewhere in Spain (e.g. Bolonia) these restrictions may no longer apply. Military land in the area has certainly reverted to civilian ownership, but I don’t know what the current situation is regarding access here. Back on the now familiar SE 8201 continue towards El Rubio. In spring 2011 there was a large distant flooded area (f) to the north which was stiff with Flamingos, waders (inc. Greenshank, Green Sandpiper, Dunlins, etc). There’s a military college nearby and signs throughout this area remind you that it is/was a military zone so trespassing to get a better look might not be a good idea! Roughly 10 km after leaving the la Lantejuela you reach the A 351 (Ecija-Osuna road) and with it the Hoya/Laguna de la Turquillas (g). When I came this way in 2002, this site was completely dry and looked as if it had always been so. The contrast this spring couldn’t have been greater. Below the still deep blue sky, a great mirror of water, generously punctuated by bright green reeds, was alive with birds. Dozens of Whiskered, and a few Black Terns, dipped and hovered above the water. A Squacco Heron fed in the shallows, A Purple Gallinule hunkered down in the reeds and amongst the many waterfowl a handful of White-headed Ducks could be found. Had I realised that Marbled Duck sometimes appear here, I’d have looked a bit harder! Dancing across the skies, and some nervously pacing the warm tarmac road, were numerous Collared Pratincole. Although I failed to see them, scanning this wetland paradise, it was no surprise to hear that Purple Heron, Little Bittern also breed and that Marbled Teal might be found in the Lagunas de Lantejuela. Google Earth suggests that a footpath runs from here, along the road and veers inland to what seems another ting laguna/hoya before reaching the tiny Laguna de Calderon Chica (h). However, when I visited it was under water and Google Earth images don’t seem to show it. Unfortunately, pulling off the SE 8102 here is a bit problematical as the road curves round a little and is flanked by crash barriers. Take care. Turning south on the A 351 towards Osuna after c1.5 km you will find the Laguna de Calderon Chica (h)on the right. This laguna is less than a third of the size of the previous one and is set back further from the road. As the road was quite busy when I visited, gain pulling over on the hard shoulder was tricky and there seemed to be no good place to pull off the road. Clearly this laguna holds all the birds to be expected at Hoya/Laguna de la Turquillas and, although smaller, it seems less prone to dry out (it even had a little water on my first visit). Immediately to the south of Laguna de Calderon Chica is its larger neighbour Laguna de Calderon Grande (i). However, whilst it has a greater surface area than its near name sake, it’s much shallower and more often deserves to be called a ‘hoya’. Once more pulling off the road is tricky, but alt least there’s a track you could pull onto at its southern end. As with the previous lake, I’ve never really explored here. On my visits it had little vegetation, some Flamingos, the odd Whiskered Tern, but little else. Anywhere along the A 351 has the potential to turn up Great Bustards, but finding somewhere safe to pull over is always problematical (although I’m probably more cautious than some). The best areas look to be to the west left 5-6 km north of the junction of the SE 8201. To the east, set amongst distant hills tantalisingly shimmering in the heat lies the Laguna Ruiz Sanchez (j). This the largest lake (356 hectares) in the complex and the second largest in Andalucia – only Fuente de Piedra is larger. Although usually dry in the summer, it was completely drained in 1967. However, after the Ministry of the Environment bought it in 2006 (for 6M€) restoration began in 2009. Unfortunately, none of the tracks off the A 351 head towards it and, although it has been visited by the Spanish environmental group ‘Ecologistas en Acción’, there doesn’t appear to be public access to what may well be the best site of all! Two lagunas remain, Laguna de Cantera Romana and Laguna de los Ojuelos. Unfortunately, I can’t find exactly where the first is located although there are several apparent ‘hoyas’ visible on Google Earth that may fit the bill. The other laguna is well to the west of La Lantejuela and on private land. It was here that I saw Black-bellied Sandgrouse from a passing train and some of the direr more saline hollows in the area seem to have very similar habitats (see my previous blog on Great Bustard in the area). So things seem to be looking up for this terrific site. In 2010 it got a grant of 600,000€ a grant to develop a visitors’ centre and encourage ‘eco-tourism.’ However, all is not as rosy as it seems as many feel the roads associated with this development, the construction of a visitors’ centre and the increase in visitors (some of whom will be encouraged to go horse riding here) will cause too much disturbance to this fragile habitat. Worse, in a classic left hand not knowing what the right is doing, in 2010 the city of Osuna was accused of drilling an illegal (!) well close to Laguna de la Turquillas and trying to promote irrigated farmland in this sensitive area. Although I have much sympathy with those who object to an ‘eco-touristic’ development here, I can’t help feeling that exactly the same objections could have been raised about the development of Minsmere, Titchwell and many other sites in the UK. They didn’t turn out too badly did they? Done sensitively, some eco-tourist infrastructure could do much to safeguard this wonderful area. Frankly, with the threat of irrigation hanging over the site, it may be a risk we just have to take.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2331
__label__wiki	0.608909	0.608909	Vis menyen About Bellona Bellona.org > Latest News > Climate change > International climate conferences > They’ll pave paradise and put up…a high-speed road International climate conferences They’ll pave paradise and put up…a high-speed road ST. PETERSBURG – The grandest urban development project yet in this city threatens the environment and human health, environmentalists here insist, adding they will go to court to defend the city despite mounting pressure from authorities and even the murder of one of the protesters. Published on January 23, 2008 by Vera Ponomareva, translated by Maria Kaminskaya Photo: sos-yuntolovo.spb.ru The Western High-Speed Diameter (WHSD) – a new major highway planned to cut across St. Petersburg by 2011 and hoped to alleviate the heavy traffic in the inner city – will affect the health of local residents and destroy the unique nature reserve of Yuntolovo, warns a public environmental impact study undertaken with the support of Bellona and the local environmental movement Save Yuntolovo. The WHSD will be an eight-lane toll road serving as part of the IX Pan-European Transport Corridor connecting Moscow and Finland’s Helsinki. City authorities project it to cross St. Petersburg from south to north. The RUR 83 billion ($3.35 billion) speedway is pushed as a “strategic project” for the city and it is touted as the first example of a public-private partnership in Russia. Half of the construction costs will in fact be shouldered by the state, while the remaining funds will come from an investor yet to be chosen in the course of an ongoing concession tender. The tender’s winner will be granted the right to build and operate the road for a period of 30 years. The project has already attracted the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the European Investment Bank, and the International Finance Corporation, all of which said they were interested in financing the construction. Yet, despite all the pomp and grandeur with which the project has been presented to the city and potential investors, the prospects brought with it do not impress the wary locals. The WHSD is a source of worry for 40,000 St. Petersburgers who voiced their protest against the project, saying the construction will violate their right to a favourable living environment. WHSD opponents say it will harm the health of the city’s residents and have a negative impact on the urban environment and the fragile ecosystems of the neighbouring Gulf of Finland: The northern section of the highway is set to stretch right along the border of the Yuntolovo wildlife reserve, a unique wetland northwest of St. Petersburg. The environmental movement Save Yuntolovo and the Environmental Rights Centre Bellona in St. Petersburg have conducted a public-funded environmental impact study commissioned to a local environmental expert research centre, ECOM. The experts’ opinion was that the project will exacerbate the environmental condition of the shoreline of the Gulf of Finland and will prove most perilous for the future of the Yuntolovo reserve, as the highway is slated to cut right across a forest at the reserve’s border, which serves as its buffer zone. The researchers concluded that the construction will also destroy the territory’s delicate hydrological balance, which will cause the wetlands to dry out. That, in turn, will impact the local fauna as well as the flora, including plants protected by the endangered species lists: Migratory birds use the reserve as a stop-over area on their passage to Scandinavia. Ultimately, the construction may result in cross-border environmental devastation, the report’s authors say. ECOM’s recommendation was that the reserve’s buffer zone be included in its protected territory in order to save the unique natural habitat from destruction. “This natural site is our natural historical and cultural legacy, which, from my point of view, is just as valuable as the Hermitage [Museum], the Alexander Column on Palace Square, or St. Isaac’s Cathedral. Destroying it would be no less a crime than wiping out, say, the Winter Palace,” one of the authors, well-known ornithologist Dr. Georgy Noskov, said during the presentation of the study, drawing comparisons between Yuntolovo and the beautiful architectural landmarks for which St. Petersburg is world-renowned. However, the experts’ concerns are apparently not shared by the WHSD developers: The project documentation does not take into account the potential impact the highway may have on Yuntolovo and makes no mention of whether the construction will ruin the wetland’s hydrological balance or threaten the local birds and plants. No prognostications are made as to whether the noise from the high-speed traffic might have a harmful effect on bird nesting or whether further damage to the environment may come in case a serious accident happens on the road. But whether or not they receive due attention among authorities, the gloomy prospects of the WHSD project do worry the local population, including residents who may end up living only 75 to 100 metres from the busy speedway. The project does not provide for the option of offering the relocation alternative to the locals and only suggests installing reinforced window panes in their houses and special screens along the road to keep out the traffic noise. The ECOM researchers deemed these measures insufficient and, in view of the many unclosed gaps in the WHSD documentation, recommended that the project developers work further to meet the requirements of the current legislation, bringing the project up again for an environmental impact assessment when all the environmental loose ends are tied up. WHSD developers still have that opportunity to meet the public half-way. Despite the blow that the Russian environmental legislation was dealt in January 2007, when the State Duma abolished the state environmental impact assessment procedure, which was previously obligatory for all industrial projects, the regulation was left unchanged in a number of federal laws. According to the law “On wild animals,” Article 20, Part 1, an environmental impact study is still a prerequisite for all projects envisioning industrial construction that may harm the site’s fauna and its habitat. Opponents forced to hit the road – all the way to court Yet, such opportunities seem to be brushed off by the joint stock company WHSD – the eponymous firm established to handle part of the task of financing the project’s development – in the same way it is shutting down any attempts by the public to break through the impenetrable barriers surrounding any information about the project. “Even though the [speedway] is bound to affect thousands of people, project developers are completely ignoring our requests for information. The company didn’t deign one answer to our questions and was stalling for several months with giving us the documentation for our environmental risk assessment,” said one Save Yuntolovo activist, Tatiana Skrodenis. It is not just private citizens that WHSD is set to shun. “We are not talking to reporters about any questions,” Bellona Web was told by WHSD’s deputy general director Semyon Suponitsky’s secretary. When surrounded by specialists from the EBRD and the International Finance Corporation, however, Suponitsky has been noticed to advertise his company’s complete openness to dialogue and to lament that ecologists are not bringing their grievances directly to the company. Yet, the better part of the environmental impact study report consists of a list of documents that the experts requested but never saw. “It’s actually no mystery why those documents never came: They would have allowed us to make conclusions about the real impact that could be expected from the construction on the environment,” ECOM’s director Alexander Karpov was quoted as saying to the news agency Rosbalt. According to Save Yuntolovo’s Skrodenis, environmentalists also tried to procure the necessary documentation through a request to the EBRD, but that attempt likewise yielded no results. Save Yuntolovo activists say that with Bellona’s support, they are ready to move to challenge the project in court. The conclusions of the environmental impact study will be one of the main arguments in their case against the WHSD project. “The results of the public environmental assessment study are insurmountable proof that the construction of the road will deal irrevocable damage to the nature reserve,” Bellona’s legal counsel in St. Petersburg, Olga Krivonos, said. The report on the project’s sizable ecological risks will also be presented to WHSD’s potential investors. “We will apply our best efforts to convincing the banks of the inadvisability of the project,” said Skrodenis. The murder Late last year, the WHSD speedway’s opponents found the project was not only harmful to the environment, but was giving them reason to fear for their lives. On December 18th, one of the activists, Dmitry Troyan, who chaired the St. Petersburg branch of the Russian Car-Owners Association, died following a brutal attack. Troyan’s murder is linked by his colleagues to his ardent attempts in the two years leading to his death to defend the rights of car-owners whose parking garages happened to be in the area claimed by the project developers for the WHSD construction. “We doubt that this killing is a complete coincidence. Intimidating activists and hindering their work has lately become routine practice [in Russia],” said Skrodenis. According to her, ecologists were hard-pressed to even find an audience hall they could hire to host the presentation of the environmental risks study report: Local authorities had made sure lessors knew what was coming if they offered their premises up for rent. To counteract the pressure, Save Yuntolovo initiated a broad campaign, collecting signatures to support a petition to the EBRD with a request that the bank refrain from considering financing the project until the investigation into Troyan’s murder was completed. “We are calling on the bank to demand that Russian authorities investigate Dmitry Troyan’s murder with especial diligence, by sending an official request on the matter to prosecutors and the St. Petersburg governor’s office. If no investigation takes place, or it is done in a clearly perfunctory manner, the attack on Troyan will have to be deemed as a gross act of repression against civic engagement and intimidation against WHSD opponents,” the petition to EBRD reads. “It is the EBRD’s hope that [Russian] authorities will move quickly to shed light on this extremely alarming incident,” the head of the bank’s St. Petersburg branch, Bruno Balvanera, told Bellona Web. However, he has refrained from further comments on the murder for the time being. City government officials chose to avoid making any direct observations: “It will be the prosecutor’s office task to decide whether the murder of Dmitry Troyan is connected to his activities. We cannot comment on this matter,” said the administration’s Committee for Investment and Strategic Planning’s press secretary, Vera Heifets. Vera Ponomareva vera@ecoperestroika.ru Maria Kaminskaya EBRD environmental policy and practice differ, say Russian ecologists Future energy system Russian human rights issues Subscribe to Bellona Europa’s Newsletter Bellona’s CCS Web 4 Easy Steps to Identify Greenwashing Bellona joins the Climate Action Call Bellona recognised early on that neither the environmental organisations nor the government alone could drive forward solutions to the environmental challenges we’re facing. We are dependent on the industry increasingly understanding the consequences of their presence, and Bellona is working hard for companies to be prepared to tackle the environmental challenges. Read more about our partnership programmes Bellona is an important organization, independent, daring and serious. The engagement in environmental issues is built on insight and a broad perspective. Kristian Pladsen, Communications Director, Statnett Address: Vulkan 11, 0178 Oslo Phone +4723234600 info@bellona.no	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2332
__label__wiki	0.574181	0.574181	Tag Archives: United States Album of the Week: “…one rifle per family” by Bambu …one rifle per family Beatrock Music, 2012 Tagged ...one rifle per family, Bambu, California, culture, Hip hop, los angeles, Music, Philippines, rap, revolutionary, United States, Watts Alluring Figures in Hip-Hop: Delving Inside the Mind of Jay Electronica By: Daniel Hodgman On Tuesday, September 10th, it was announced that Jay Electronica’s much-anticipated debut record, Act II: Patents Of Nobility, was “pretty much done.” Just Blaze, the producer behind the record, went on to say that “the situation is Jay moves at his own pace…He always moved at his own pace.” Ah yes, that explains us waiting nearly six years for even a sniff of a record. And yet, none of this comes as a surprise. Unless you’ve been living under a rock, it’s a known fact that Jay Electronica works at his own pace in a unique “do-it-yourself” approach. By providing his own artwork and releasing his own music in weird clumps, Jay has not only claimed the title of hip-hop’s recluse, he’s also secured himself as one of hip-hop’s truly unique characters of all time. Tagged Act II: Patents Of Nobility, culture, Detroit, Dimethyltryptamine, Erykah Badu, exhibit c, Hip hop, j dilla, jay electronica, Jay-Z, jazzmatazz, just blaze, mr. porter, Music, New Orleans, rap, Roc Nation, terrorism, Timothy Elpadaro Thedford, United States Yasiin Bey Submits to Guantanamo Force-Feedings: What This Means On Sunday, via The Guardian, hip-hop artist Yasiin Bey released a video of protest in which he voluntarily underwent standard operating procedures for force-feeding in Guantánamo Bay. This past February, the detainees in Guantánamo Bay went on a hunger strike, refusing the food placed in front of them. This was in response to when a search of cells by guards turned up hidden contraband among the prisoners but also led to accusations of heavy-handedness. The number of people participating in the strike has grown significantly since February and has now reached a total of 106 people and is continuing to grow. Of those involved in the strike, forty-one are now being force-fed so that they will be kept alive. Force-feeding is a brutally invasive procedure where the prisoner has an IV inserted, is strapped to a chair and a tube is thrust into their nose. This allows the nutrients to flow into the body. More important to note however, is that this is a process that causes immense pain for the detainee and could easily be considered torture. In a New York Times editorial released through his lawyer, Samir Naji al Hasan Moqbel, a detainee since 2002, explains that he has yet to receive a trial, proclaims his innocence and describes the process of being force fed: “Last month, on March 15, I was sick in the prison hospital and refused to be fed. A team from the E.R.F. (Extreme Reaction Force), a squad of eight military police officers in riot gear, burst in. They tied my hands and feet to the bed. They forcibly inserted an IV into my hand. I spent 26 hours in this state, tied to the bed. During this time I was not permitted to go to the toilet. They inserted a catheter, which was painful, degrading and unnecessary. I was not even permitted to pray. I will never forget the first time they passed the feeding tube up my nose. I can’t describe how painful it is to be force-fed this way. As it was thrust in, it made me feel like throwing up. I wanted to vomit, but I couldn’t. There was agony in my chest, throat and stomach. I had never experienced such pain before. I would not wish this cruel punishment upon anyone.” The situation continues to intensify as the Obama Administration has made it clear that they would continue the force-feeding—even with the arrival of the holy month of Ramadan. On top of that, as stated by the Huffington Post: “A U.S. federal judge ruled Monday that she lacks the authority to halt the force-feeding of prisoners on hunger strike at Guantánamo Bay, while pointedly noting that the practice appears to violate international law and that President Barack Obama can resolve the issue.” Regardless of your opinion on Guantánamo Bay, it is undeniable that these prisoners are being subjugated to outright cruelty. With that in mind, this circumstance must be critically examined and stopped immediately. In the video, Yasiin Bey is seen in an orange jump suit, apprehensively eyeing the situation as he is strapped to a chair. As the procedure begins it is impossible to not to feel his nervousness as he begins to squirm and scream out in total suffering as the tube is shoved up his nose. Bey is unable to endure a second round of feeding, hysterically refusing between uncontrollable breaths and tears, a luxury clearly not provided to the people of the high security prison. This was a socio-political demonstration from an artist that cannot be overlooked. It is here where Yasiin Bey is using his status as a respected MC to lead the charge against the injustices that people are facing all around the world, and in this case the prisoners of Guatánamo Bay. These are people that deserve a voice. As conditions at the prison and around the world worsen, Howard Zinn’s words come to mind, “Very often rebellion starts in the culture. It starts with the poets and the writers. I’ve always been heartened by the fact that that the artists in society have almost always been on the side of peace and justice.” (Zinn, 2012, p. 158) This was true in the 20th century as musicians, artists, actors and writers such as W.E.B. Dubois, Langston Hughes, Bob Dylan and Joni Mitchell played a huge role in providing the necessary expression of discontent that fueled social change. With their work, they were able to bring people together and move as one. As the world begins to take notice, it is apparent that we need this again. It is of the utmost importance that we, as global participants come together and demand more from our institutions of government. Where are we getting our news from and why is this story surrounding the hunger strike, force-feeding and the Obama Administration’s promises to close Guatánamo Bay not getting significant play in the United States? We cannot wait for the media to provide us with information; we have to seek it out ourselves. On top of that, we as a society must demand more as our fellow human beings are being submitted to unspeakable atrocities that degrade and diminish their humanity. Don’t these incarcerated individuals deserve to at least have their voices heard and in some cases, receive a trial? We have to ask these highly critical questions of our society and hold people accountable in order to strive for a transformation of our culture. We can’t wait for our “leaders” to do it for us. As citizens of the world, we have to come together. Yasiin Bey’s video is shedding light on a situation in need of attention and serves as a poignant example that the platform provided to artists are essential for social change. You can view the video here. Tagged culture, education, force feeding, guantanamo, Hip hop, mos def, Music, obama, politics, prison system, United States, united states administration, yasiin bey One Step Forward, One Step Back: DOMA and The Voting Rights Act This past week the Supreme Court voted by a 5-4 margin on two cases that will have a lasting influence on future generations. On Wednesday, June 26th, the Supreme Court struck down the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)—which was signed by President Bill Clinton in 1996—as unconstitutional. This was a monumental victory for the LGBT community as DOMA prevented same-sex couples, whose marriages were recognized by their home state, from receiving the same benefits available to other married couples under federal law. Wednesday’s decision did not legalize same-sex marriage across the country, but it is an important step in the direction of marriage equity. The Supreme Court was praised for having the fortitude to make this decision (to see the absolute joy on people’s faces from images taken that day shows the magnitude of this decision for people all over the United States). As someone who has close friends that are a part of the LGBT community, the decision by the Supreme Court was long overdue. Hopefully, we will soon reach a point in our society where love is not a political issue. However, on Tuesday, just one day before, the Supreme Court declared parts of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 as unconstitutional. It was voted that sections 4 and 5 be taken out, removing much of the staying power behind the bill. These sections were originally WRITTEN into the bill specifically to combat the legalized apartheid found in the south directed primarily at the African-American community following Civil War Reconstruction; otherwise known as the Jim Crow Era. Before this legislation was passed, voter discrimination was rampant across the United States. The Voting Rights Act, and specifically sections 4 and 5, were put in place as a way for the Federal Government to determine which states must receive clearance from the Justice Department or a federal court in Washington before they made minor changes to voting procedures, like moving a polling place or redrawing electoral districts. These sections were extremely important, then and now, as discrimination can still be found around the polls today. It appears that the main reason sections 4 and 5 were removed is because it is thought that they no longer apply in today’s society. Basically the court is saying what they teach in schools; racism ended with Dr. King’s “I Have A Dream” speech. It takes minimal effort to see that this is not the case and that racial prejudice continues to this day. According to a report done by The Brennan Center For Justice, If Section 5 Falls: New Voting Restrictions, there were eight states that passed restrictive voting laws in 2012 and nine states that introduced restrictive voting laws in 2013. Some of these states include Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, New York, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Texas and Virginia. In the report there are multiple examples of recent attempts by state and local governments to implement discriminatory voting changes. For example: In 2001, the white mayor and the all-white Board of Aldermen for the small town of Kilmichael, Mississippi attempted to cancel an election shortly after black citizens became a majority of the registered voters. DOJ objected, finding the cancelation was designed to weaken African Americans’ voting strength. The town refused to reschedule the election until DOJ required it to hold one in 2003, when the town’s first African-American mayor and three African-American aldermen were elected (Perez & Agraharkar, 2013). The city council of Fredericksburg, Virginia was preparing to adopt a redistricting plan in 2002 that would have dismantled its only majority black district. The council abandoned the idea when the city attorney warned that doing so would violate Section 5 (Perez & Agraharkar, 2013). In 2006, DOJ objected to a decision by a Houston-area community college district to no longer conduct joint elections with several coextensive school districts. As a result, voters would have had to travel to two separate polling places in order to cast their ballots. The change also reduced the number of polling places from 84 to 12, which covered an area greater than 1,000 square miles and served more than 540,000 voters. In its letter objecting to the shift, DOJ noted the assignment of voters was “remarkably uneven,” as one polling site for the school board election with the smallest proportion of minority voters would serve 6,500 voters, while the most heavily minority site would serve more than 67,000 voters, 80 percent of whom were black or Latino (Perez & Agraharkar, 2013). In 2012, the city council of Roxboro, North Carolina was considering a proposal to change its body from having two-year non-staggered terms to having four-year staggered terms. This would have made it more difficult for minorities to elect candidates of their choice by reducing the number of people on the ballot at each election. But after local advocates suggested the proposal would not survive Section 5, the city abandoned it, instead adopting longer, but non-staggered terms (Perez & Agraharkar, 2013). Even this past week, on the same day as sections 4 and 5 were struck down as unconstitutional, Texas announced their decision that a voter identification law, that had been blocked, would go into effect immediately, and that redistricting maps would no longer need federal approval. There are those who believe that with this decision, The Supreme Court has given Democrats a present in that it will encourage members of the African-American and Latina/o populations to frequent the polls like they did in 2008. New York Times writer Ross Douthat concludes his editorial by saying, Liberal demagogy notwithstanding, voter ID laws aren’t a way for Republicans to turn the clock back and make sure that it’s always 1965. But they are a good way for Republicans to ensure that African-Americans keep voting like it’s always 2008 (Douthat, 2013). Eventually, this could turn out to be the case, and if so, that would be outstanding. However, this viewpoint ultimately misses the mark. Issues of race are still clearly prominent in this country; racism did not go away the minute after the mass movements of the so-called Civil Rights Era. If racist policies had vanished, there wouldn’t have been the War on Drugs, countless “Urban Renewal” projects that disproportionately affected African-American and Latina/o communities and the state of Arizona would not have banned the Mexican-American Studies Department in the Tucson Unified School District. If racist policies didn’t exist any longer, there would be no school to prison pipeline, and Michelle Alexander would not have written The New Jim Crow, condemning the prison system in the United States. Issues of race continue to play out in education, the work place, in voting and social situations everyday. Despite what some may say, the election of a biracial president did not end matters of race in the United States. With the DOMA and voting rights decisions, the Supreme Court has given and taken away. On Wednesday there was immense rejoicing, as there should have been, all over the country. It is time to celebrate this monumental step towards marriage equity. However, before we celebrate, we must also consider the decision made just the day before. Are we actually making advancements in the realm of social progress, or are we taking a step forward and a step backward? Why are we praising the Supreme Court when both verdicts were reached by a 5-4 margin? Why was the removal of sections 4 and 5 not as publicized? Is it merely a coincidence that the Supreme Court announced the DOMA decision the day after, attempting to suppress the negative press that was surely to come? In what ways do racist/prejudicial ideologies persist in the United States and how might we combat them? Finally, as residents of the United States, how much longer are we going to sit around and accept the slow churn of politics before we do something about it? All over the world, in places such as Brasil, Egypt and Turkey, people are taking to the streets to express their frustration over their country’s social, economic and political concerns. In Brasil, a country synonymous with soccer, the situation is so dire that protesters were willing to give up their chance to see Brasil win the Confederations Cup in order to make their voices heard. In the United States there are things such as healthcare, eight-hour workdays and weekends because of a huge labor movement that spanned for decades. In the case of the Voting Rights Act, the only reason it was ratified is because a generation of activists came together against all odds, demanding social, political, economic and racial equality. The government of the United States has never given anything to its citizens voluntarily. The freedoms that we enjoy are a direct result of ordinary people doing more than just listening to one news station and voting. It is a result of past generations educating themselves and seizing what was rightfully theirs. In a matter of minutes, five justices took that away. I hope Ross Douthat is correct and that the decision regarding the Voting Rights Act will somehow turn out to be a good thing, motivating people to make their voice heard at the polls. However, I am hoping for more than that. I hope that people across the country, regardless of race, religion, social class, gender and sexual orientation can take to the streets celebrating the defeat of DOMA, while also denouncing the verdict regarding the Voting Rights Act. We won’t get anywhere taking one step forward and one step back. Tagged civil rights era, culture, defense of marriage act, DOMA, federal government, freedom, Hip hop, i have a dream, jim crow era, justice, LGBT, mass movements, president, supreme court, United States, vote, voting rights act of 1965 All Eyez on Me: The George Zimmerman Trial and Hip-Hop’s Defense of Trayvon Martin All Eyez on Me In the 17 days since the beginning of the George Zimmerman trial, I have tried to keep in touch with everything that has been going on. Like millions of Americans, I’m invested in this case. From the very start of the Trayvon Martin story we’ve delved deep down into the rabbit hole of topics that range from race to national gun laws to Florida’s Stand Your Ground law. Out of all these topics—which are all important in their own right—I still can’t get over one simple thing: George Zimmerman, after being told not to follow someone he deemed “suspicious looking,” decided it was in his best interest to continue pursuing his target, which ultimately lead to a 17-year-old black male with Skittles and Arizona Tea dead on the grass with a bullet in his chest. And yet, the more I think about this story, the more it isn’t surprising. I’m sorry for such a pessimistic view on the nature, but if we look at some things—more specifically the slayings and unjust nature against young black youth and minorities in America—how are we at this point surprised by these events when our country is yet to progress? Need I mention Oscar Grant? Or what about Nicholas K. Pert’s riveting story about N.Y.P.D. behavior against black males in New York City? In a day and age where we are almost 50 years removed from Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech (August 28, 1963), it seems that our progression as a whole doesn’t even come close to what civil rights activists in the 60s had hoped for in a 50 year span. So with that, this is why the George Zimmerman case and Trayvon Martin story are important. And although it’s far from being the only one worthy of discussion—it’s amazing how mainstream media will invest everything into a certain story without focusing on others as well—it’s the closest America as a whole will get to understanding the core issues of civil rights in the 24 hour news cycle. Stakes is High Maybe it’s because we’re in an age of technological advancement and online everything, or maybe it’s because news outlets realize the magnitude of this case, but everything in the George Zimmerman trial is being taped and broadcast. This itself is a beauty, because we as a nation don’t have to take a reporter’s word or script to pass judgment; we can literally sit at our television and watch this unfold. And maybe, just maybe, this will ease the aftermath. See, the Casey Anthony case was stunning, and the Kermit Gosnell trial was frightening and just, but the George Zimmerman case is extremely important in that the verdict will extend far beyond the reaches of the courtroom. Whatever verdict is decided at the end of this trial, it is a guarantee that this won’t signify the end of the story. If taping the entire trial for people to follow and judge for themselves as it unfolds helps ease some, then this is needed. More importantly, getting this first-hand look at the trial gives us a sense of actually knowing the story from witnesses and accounts. The trial itself, at least through the first 17 days, has been patchy on both sides. From the jury selection, to the opening statements, and to the witnesses, both the prosecutors and defense team have gone through each and every ring a case could possibly throw. At the end of the jury selection, it was decided that six women would consist of the jury with four alternates (the jury only has six members because second-degree murder cases in Florida only call for six jurors). Five of those women are white, and one is Latina. Now what does it matter if the six jurors are women and that five are white and one is Latina? Why should there be questions asked? Well, for one let’s look at this case: first, the Trayvon Martin shooting has and will always focus mainly on race, because the details behind the altercation make it so (George Zimmerman was a Latino and Trayvon Martin was a black teenager; Trayvon looked like a “punk” and was “suspicious”). Beyond this, the jury selection was chosen for the benefit of both the prosecutors and defense: the prosecutors agreed upon this jury because to them, women have that instinct that Trayvon was just a kid, and that this would stir feelings of “that could have been my son.” On the other hand, the defense team agreed upon this jury because they wanted to emphasize the fact that Trayvon was a black male wearing a hoodie, and that he looked “suspicious,” trying to evoke feelings in the jury that this kid could have been trouble if they were in the vicinity. From the very get-go this trial continued to play on stereotypes, no matter how big or small they were. As the actual trial started to commence, it looked like the prosecutors were gaining the upper hand. The defense team began their opening statements with a distasteful “knock-knock” joke, and the opening statements made by assistant state attorney John Guy directly used George Zimmerman’s line he said on the phone that went like this: “Fucking punks. Those assholes, they always get away.” Guy later went on to say: “Those were the words in that grown man’s mouth as he followed in the dark a 17-year-old boy who he didn’t know … Those were the words in that man’s chest when he got out of his car armed with a loaded semi-automatic pistol and two flashlights to follow on foot Trayvon Benjamin Martin, who was walking home from a 7-Eleven … Those were the words in that defendant’s head moments before he pressed that pistol into Trayvon Martin’s chest and pulled that trigger.” After day one, it looked like justice would be swift and vigilant. It looked, at least during that very moment, that George Zimmerman was doomed for what he rightfully deserved: second-degree murder. And yet, as the trial wore on, things started to get shaky. The prosecuting team’s witnesses thus far have failed to fully bring the information they were hoping for that would pin George Zimmerman. This is especially true with Rachel Jeantel, the 19-year-old friend of Trayvon Martin who was talking to him that night. Not only was it hard to understand her on the stand, she was also caught with providing misleading information and wrapping herself up in contradictions. Comparatively, other witnesses have only bolstered Zimmerman’s case for self-defense, claiming that Martin was throwing punches and Zimmerman was pinned. So as we stand, 17 days later and still in the midst of this trial, here’s what’s important: No matter what the verdict of this case is, remember: George Zimmerman was the one who decided to follow Trayvon Martin, even after being told not to by authorities. We still don’t know who started the initial fight, but this fact is important to retain. Despite the prosecuting team’s disappointing run of witnesses thus far, remember Zimmerman’s quote from opening statements: “fucking punks. Those assholes, they always get away.” At this point, it looks like a lot of the evidence is pointing towards a worthy case of self-defense by Zimmerman. Even more disheartening is that the chances of him being convicted of second-degree murder are slim. If anything, he will get charged for manslaughter and will likely get a reduced sentence. His chances of walking are still high. Most important, no matter what happens, we as a community stand behind Trayvon Martin, his family and all of the similar injustices that plague not only our country, but our world as well. Which leads me to this. If you can remember way back towards the very beginning, you’ll remember that Zimmerman wasn’t even taken in for a crime. In fact, it was Florida’s Stand Your Ground Law that actually shielded him from such an event. It took protests, petitions, “million hoodie marches,” demonstrations ,vocal output and action to actually bring authorities around to arresting Zimmerman and charging him for second-degree murder. One of the biggest groups behind Trayvon Martin and the calling for social justice was the hip-hop community. Not only were there demonstrations and peace talks, but also artists and MCs (both high on the spectrum and underground) were making dedication songs to a story that is all too familiar in the hip-hop realm. In an article with MTV, Public Enemy co-founder Chuck D pointed out: “I’m pretty much not the one to be told that a trial is going to make everybody feel straight and clear … The obvious point is that this young man lost his life from an unjust situation, and it needs to be hammered home. That’s bottom line.” In the same article, rapper Game goes on to talk about the historical relevance of the Trayvon Martin story: “For some reason, people don’t think that they need any excuse to kill us, beat us, hit us, run us over, disrespect us or anything like that. This is just another reminder that stupidity still exists.” And even going past race, hip-hop recognizes that this story touches so close to the community because Trayvon was only a kid. Chuck D’s wife, Professor Gaye Theresa Johnson points out: “We’re talking about a grown armed man who shot an unarmed child, regardless of race.” From the outpour and concerns, the hip-hop community has also unleashed a plethora of tribute songs. And although some are better than others, a situation like this shouldn’t be judged on musicality, but sincerity. On Jasiri X’s song “Trayvon,” he raps over the fitting beat of “No Church in the Wild” to explain the event that took place. It’s a haunting tale, especially over the churning production of “No Church…,” but its Jasiri’s vocal cadence and lyrical detail that reinforces both strength and sadness regarding this story. “He had just came up from Miami to see his daddy / Who knew such a great weekend would end badly? / In a place where you move because it’s safe for your family / When some people gotta have grown hate for your family.” Alternatively, on “Date of My Death (Trayvon Martin),” Tahir Jahi tells about continual injustices and the fight “for whatever is left.” “Sick of innocent getting wronged by the ignorant / Who will benefit from this medicine / Coming from my lungs to warn veterans please let them in / Fuck Democrats and Republicans I don’t care bout your publishing.” “Made You Die,” a song by Dead Prez, RBG member mikeflo and Yasiin Bey, takes a more revolutionary approach and expresses that the Trayvon Martin shooting is the straw that broke the back. “Cause we do the same thing expecting different results / I’m checking the vital signs but I ain’t getting no pulse.” These are just a few examples, but from the hundreds of Trayvon Martin tribute songs, it’s a clear-cut sign that this story isn’t simply a resurgence in hip-hop awareness. Rather, it’s a sign that the problems that plagued the hip-hop community from the very beginning are still very much alive. Moreover, hip-hop has always been something representing that fight, or that something to fight for, and this 16 month story is putting that fight on the national spotlight. The shooting of Trayvon Martin and the George Zimmerman trial are part of a bigger story. On the surface you have an unjust Florida law that allowed a grown-man to murder an unarmed boy. However, at the core you have bigger issues. There are issues on race, oppression, stereotyping and issues of our country’s growth in general. It’s been 50 years since the “I Have a Dream Speech,” and yet we as a whole are yet to fully embrace it. We have continued to see the slayings of innocent and unarmed minorities (especially the black youth), and we have continued to see the perpetrators let off unfairly. Despite the vast improvements we’re making as time goes by, it’s not enough. We need action. When the story of Trayvon Martin first surfaced, it took action to have the Sanford Police Department even consider charging George Zimmerman. This action, which included the protests and marches, directly resulted in an arrest and a second-degree charge. Millions of people around the country, whether they were involved with hip-hop or ordinary citizens, took to the streets and voiced their say. Likewise, in the 60s and 70s, Americans protested the Vietnam War with action. Citizens marched, musicians sang and artists unveiled works all for one common cause. More specifically, these times brought upon thousands of musicians coming together and demonstrating resistance and action through song. One such example is Country Joe McDonald’s “Feel Like I’m Fixing to Die”: “And it’s one, two, three, what are we fighting for? Don’t ask me I don’t give a damn, next stop is Viet Nam. And it’s five, six, seven, open up the pearly gates, ain’t no time to wonder why, whoopee we’re all gonna die.” These examples of action demonstrate one thing that must be recognized: unity. We cannot as people continue along our petty ways of indifference if we expect to see change. Furthermore, we need to march together for the bigger causes worth fighting for. Politicians need to stop fighting for “seats” and actually work together and listen to the constituents. Law enforcement needs to stop playing stats and work on bettering the country as a whole. News outlets need to spread attention to all the important stories and stop broadcasting from one side. Focus on education needs to start playing to the needs of the kids instead of standardized tests and statistics. People need to look past skin color, culture, gender, sexual orientation and religious affiliation when judging one’s character. And we as a whole need to realize hatred and injustice are a waste of time; life’s too short to be full of hatred. We need to come together like so many cultures and people have come together in the past, and fight for these things. We need to come together like hip-hop did for Trayvon Martin. We need to express ourselves, not just vocally, but through art, discussion, workshops, demonstrations, protests and marches. If we don’t take action, we won’t see change. Along with action, we also need hope. Tweeting from court Tuesday, Trayvon’s mother Sybrina Fulton wrote: “Day 17 – Remember God gives His toughest battles to His strongest soldiers. Please know I can’t give up now, I’ve come too far. Continue to keep us lifted in prayer.” Tagged action, america, casey anthony, chuck d, culture, dead prez, florida, george zimmerman, george zimmerman trial, Hip hop, hope, jasiri x, justice, kermit gosnell, life, media, million hoodie march, sanford florida, stand your ground, tahir jahi, trayvon martin, United States, yasiin bey Hip-Hop and Its Influence: An Interview With David Kirkland (Part Two) Photo source: http://www.highsnobiety.com This is the second half of a two-part interview with Dr. David E. Kirkland about hip-hop and its educational impact. Dr. Kirkland is a professor at Michigan State University and one of the coordinators of ULITT and directors of CAITLAH. In this part of the interview, Dr. Kirkland comments on the transformative power of hip-hop education. For additional context, check out the first half part of this interview which can be found here. Excerpts taken from an interview with Dr. David E. Kirkland on February 26 th, 2013… GN: In what ways does hip-hop manifest itself in education and educational circles? DK: Right, so let me just say there are two things in education. You can talk about hip-hop in education. Some of us have talked about hip-hop in education, ways to use hip-hop to teach other things. And so you can do that. We call it scaffolding or bridging. You can use Tupac in order to teach the classics if you will. You can use Tupac in order to teach literary devices and elements like chiasmus, consonants, and other types of rhetorical literary ideas or entities. You can use rap in order to create a mnemonic device to memorize mathematics, its been done. I call that hip-hop in education. But hip-hop education is the type of education or pedagogy that hip-hop is established in. Hip-hop teaches. It works in the tradition of the African Griot. It works in that oral tradition, it works in the oral tradition of the street press where individuals would come together and they would collect stories and they would collect histories. It works in Howard Zinn’s A People’s History in the sense that it has its own pedagogy, its own moment. So the cypher becomes this space where everyone is equal but at the same time in order to be elevated within that cypher, the cypher is trying you. Its like a cauldron, it invites you in, but it doesn’t let you remain the same, you have to put your energy out there; you have to be vulnerable. So, hip-hop education suggests a vulnerability, it has its own language, its language is rap. And rap isn’t just the science of rhyme; it’s the science of truth. So when we hear hip-hop artists talking about rap, the thing that makes rap significant isn’t just a rhyme, it’s that it gets close to truth. It’s saying things that people realize. This is hip-hop education. Hip-hop education is the element of pedagogy, the element of education that exists within the hip-hop idea. And it’s not necessarily the traditional education that we understand or know. GN: So going off of that, can hip-hop education or hip-hop pedagogy exist in mainstream schools? DK: I think hip-hop in education can exist in mainstream schools, but hip-hop education is a school in and of itself. I think schooling should and can be informed by hip-hop. We should do school more like we do hip-hop. We should have cyphers break out that invite people, we should break down the walls of schooling and construct education and the education imagination based on how people understand and live life today. And hip-hop gives us a glimpse into that. So if we think about education and how it’s constructed today we have to go back to history. We have to go back to post-industrial history where you had labor laws that prohibited youth from working. So we needed some repositories to place these kids so we constructed these entities and the architect of these entities were usually the architects of prisons and factories. We also had this really interesting agrarian culture; what to do in the winter? So we set up this thing where you go to school in the winter and in the summer you don’t. So the imagination around how we look at schooling today isn’t necessarily the most effective way to do school for now because it was based on a society and culture that is long past. So there is an argument to re-think education anyhow. But hip-hop gives us this third space, this site of really interesting creation, both pedagogical creation as well as performative creation coming together to inform the ways that people learn; the way that the mind is impressed upon. And I think that’s important. GN: I think it is too and off of that, what do you do at Michigan State to carry these things out? Is it just in class or are there other programs that you’re involved in within MSU? And what is the approach to these programs? DK: Well Michigan State University is a hegemonic space. It’s a fairly traditional space with really good people in it pushing against traditions. But there is one thing about dominant hegemony is that they have gravity to them. We can pull up, but we can only pull so long before the thing gets heavy and it falls back in its place. But I have done some things at Michigan State University within my classes because I think it’s important. This goes back to the question of why teach hip-hop? I don’t want to teach hip-hop because it engages youth, that’s important. I can give the youth candy, that will engage them too and it will hurt their teeth. I teach hip-hop because it’s smart to do so. We teach Shakespeare, we teach Dante, we teach all these other people I called “hip-hopgraphers.” We teach them because it’s smart to do so. If in the days of written technology we used print in order to transmit meaning and in the day of digital technology we use music, sound, and visual multi-modo moving imagery to do it. Why don’t we teach that? Why don’t we understand that as a new way of capturing our humanity? I teach it because it’s smart to teach hip-hop. I’m not going to wait until Tupac is dead a hundred years to say, “wow, lets reflect on this.” We need to reflect on it now. Because by reflecting on it, it gives us a way to understand ourselves in powerful and important ways and to re-shape the world that we live in, so that it can be more inviting and more beneficial to more people. So I say that to say, I teach it in my class because I have to, because its what makes us smart by studying and examining hip-hop today. I also created a set of interventions. One intervention is our Urban Literacies Institute for Transformative Teaching (ULITT). It is a hip-hop pedagogy retreat that I brought to Michigan State University. This year is our second year into that, and we’ve seen transformative results. I got an email today from a teacher that told me that one of her participants told her that the event changed her life. That she found healing as well as strategy through it and for me, that’s important. So I’m trying to open up spaces at Michigan State University. I don’t know how long those spaces will be open before the powers that be close them, but for as long as we can keep them open, we’re going keep them open. GN: Thank you very much, I appreciate you sitting down with me and talking. DK: Thank you. It is important to reflect on the purpose of schooling and education. The public school system as we know it comes from the Technological Revolution of the early 19th century. Schools were modeled after factories that were essential to the United State’s economy. Kids get union breaks too, its just called recess. As students move through school they are indoctrinated into the “American Way” and are prepared to enter the work force by the end of their education. Having the skills to find a job is in no way a bad thing, but it may be time to approach this in a different way. With the continual push towards globalization our world cannot function without things such as computers, the Internet and smart phones. Nowadays there are so many ways in which we can express ourselves and connect with people. Using hip-hop as a worldview, as a way of reading the world and interacting with others allows teachers and students to collaborate and learn together. Hip-hop education gets away from the one-size fits all educational model of testing and standardization. Hip-hop education creates a space where students are encouraged to create and learn using multiple disciplines such as writing, music, film, photography, art and dance all while pushing students to develop the agency to navigate the complex society we live in. When we focus on testing, we are not supporting students to be curious and ask conceptual questions about their communities. If we want to use hip-hop education, we have to be willing to change how we do school and how we teach students. To build off Dr. Kirkland’s statement, he is not talking about using lyrics to teach the 50 states. That is hip-hop in education and super status quo. Instead, he is talking about using the worldview of hip-hop to teach students to be curious, critical, vulnerable and to use their experiential knowledge. As Dr. Kirkland explains, “In the days of written technology we used print in order to transmit meaning and in the day of digital technology we use music, sound, and visual multi-modo moving imagery to do it. Why don’t we teach that? Why don’t we understand that as a new way of capturing our humanity?” This is not a traditional model of education, but it is time that we at least consider what this could do for our students as they grow and learn about the world around them. You can check out Dr. Kirkland’s blog at davidekirkland.wordpress.com or follow him on Twitter: @davidekirkland. Tagged Art, culture, education, Hip hop music, HIPHOP, Michigan State University, Music, rap, Tupac, Tupac Shakur, ULITT, United States, worldview Hip hop and its influence: An Interview with David Kirkland (Part One) Photo credit: Ian Anderson When Dan came to me with the idea of starting a Hip hop blog, I loved the idea. Could there be a better way to combine my passion for music and writing? As we began to formulate ideas for our first edition of Bonus Cut, I felt it was important to reflect on Hip hop and it’s meaning to me. I was drawn to Hip hop because of the heavy emphasis on rhythm and percussion in the music. It was not until college that I began to consider Hip hop as something more than just a musical genre. This past summer, I had the opportunity to attend a conference put on by the Urban Literacies Institute for Transformative Teaching (ULITT). ULITT is an educational initiative through Michigan State University and its College of Arts and Letters. The event was put on through collaboration with CAITLAH, the college’s Center for Applied and Inclusive Teaching and Learning in Arts and Humanities, the MSU Writing Center and New York City’s Urban Word. The conference focused on Hip hop, social justice issues and transformative education. The ULITT event forever changed my perspective on Hip hop. In turn, it transformed my view of education and my schooling experience up to that point. I have wanted to share my experiences and ideas on this topic and Bonus Cut provided an ideal opportunity to do so. With this in mind, I sat down with Dr. David E. Kirkland, one of the coordinators of ULITT and directors of CAITLAH to speak with him about Hip hop and its influence on education in the hopes of moving these thoughts forward. Excerpts taken from an interview with Dr. David E. Kirkland on February 26th, 2013… GN: I just wanted to talk with you about Hip hop mixed with education and the work that you’re doing right now. I wanted to start with: when I use the phrase Hip hop, what does that mean to you? DK: Right, so usually when people think of Hip hop, they think about music. They think about a specific music genre-type of music and I think that’s all fucked up. I think it’s fucked up in the sense that Hip hop includes so much more. You know…the next definition is the textual products that come from Hip hop and the physical products. Like the “graf,” the graffiti that you see, the tags, the tattoos that artists get, and the type of tattoos that people get from the teardrop to the cross. You know people think about B-boyin,’ DJ-ing, and the elements of Hip hop, right? So they latch on to these things, but that’s not even Hip hop to me. To me, Hip hop instantiates a way of thinking, and a way of believing. It’s a worldview. It reflects a theory of reality. When I think about Hip hop, I think about ideology. A counter ideology to the hegemonic dominant ideology that is behind so much other stuff. So if you have a Hip hop imagery that exists outside of the mainstream, its going to drive how you practice and its going to drive the product of creation because one thing that we know is that any type of production, textual and otherwise, is an artifact of belief, its an artifact of ideology. So lets say for instance, Americana, and the ways that we think about Americana and what Americana is. The argument here is there are certain ways that organize American’s thinking, that group us. There are certain ways and dispositions that suggest who we are. So when we think about those certain ways of being, thinking, doing, and experiencing, the reflection of that is in the products that we create. The products we create aren’t necessarily that thing, so I can’t say that Hip hop is the practice. I can’t say that Hip hop is the product, but I can say that Hip hop is counter-oppressive ideology. It’s a way of thinking. It reflects a theory of reality and everything that comes after it. The texts, the culture, the various forms of creativity feed that and I’m also going to say that given this, Hip hop has been around for a long time. When the Holy Bible says that “In the beginning there was the word, and the word was God, and the word was with God,” God was spittin’ from the beginning of the universe, during creation. It insists on this power of the word, like Nommo, the elemental power of the word; that words can change things, that words matter, that words can create things. One thing that we know within the word “cypher” in Hip hop is this idea that through utterance and through improvisation and through performative utterance that we can change things. That we can speak to our conditions of oppression. Not only speak to our conditions of oppression, but also speak change. As a constant, against oppression we can also, through the energy of bodies, collect it together on one thought. We call it, “one mic.” We can insist on space, and so we see this throughout history. When Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales, he didn’t write in the language of oppression, he didn’t write it in the language of the conquerors. Had he wrote it in the language of the conquerors he would have written it in Norman, or what we now would call French. Instead he wrote it in the language of the tribe, the language of the people, he wrote it in that ghetto dialect that they called English. Same thing with Dante, when he wrote the Divine Comedy, he didn’t write it in the high language of the time–the high language of the time was Latin–but he wrote it in the language of the tribe, he wrote it in the language of the street, he wrote it in Italian. Shakespeare, when he started The Globe, he didn’t follow orthodoxy. Instead, he followed the street movement where people were performing with bodies outside of it. The imaginary then is that through an organic movement, that’s rooted in the people. Giving the people voice and space, we can change things. And so that’s Hip hop. Hip hop is the imaginary of change, this idea that the individual, organic, political rooted voice of the masses matters. And it’s that collective voice, its one. GN: Excellent, thank you. So based off that, how do you feel you’ve been able to develop this worldview. In contact with different artists, whether it be a musician or maybe a painter or a writer. What are some the artists that have influenced you as you have developed this worldview? DK: So, the worldview develops me. Foucault said that “we’re not born outside of the waters of knowledge, in fact, we’re born to them, swimming in them. Swimming in it. Messy and saturated in it.” So when you think about where Hip hop come from–I grew up in Detroit, in a brothel, the term “crack house,”–in a situation that reflected the social plight, not the individual plight of the people. This was a plight that was by design, because of forces of injustice, like slavery and racism, because of economic oppression, misogyny, and other things. So I was born in those waters, and those waters were silencing and oppressive waters, and Hip hop gave individuals like me voice. So I was born to Hip hop, (and it) influenced and shaped me from the ground up. We don’t know what comes first, the chicken or the egg but we know that you can’t have a chicken without an egg and you can’t have an egg without a chicken. And so, the conversation about how I participate in Hip hop is creation, Hip hop is creation in some ways. It creates the ways we behave and think. In terms of artists I have to use the term broadly when applied to Hip hop because I can’t think of Hip hop only as music. The music is one manifestation. It’s a powerful manifestation. The first time I heard Eric B. and Rakim’s “Check Out My Melody” was life changing. When I heard Sugar Hill Gang when I was young, it was life changing. Like “hip, hop, hippity hop” in a condition of poverty, it was life changing. Post civil-rights, post industrialism, at the height of chronic economic oppression after the militarism of Vietnam and the various wars that Nixon and Ford waged we get this thing. This thing is not just responding to those forces, this thing is also buffering and protecting the people from these alienating and oppressive forces, giving people a place to create and play. It’s like “wow!” So the various people that came up in Hip hop at that time have influenced me. Tupac and the way that his Hip hop is influenced by what happens on the street as well as the larger struggle of people around the globe has been influential. There are other people who are not necessarily deemed “Hip hop” artists that write within the Hip hop tradition. People like Junot Diaz when he writes Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao or This is How You Lose Her, he’s writing within that Hip hop tradition, he’s breaking the standard rules. But, in a sense he’s paying attention to the rules of nature, that things change and that the most potent weapon that we have is to speak to one another. Steve Biko said that, “the most potent weapon of the oppressors is the mind of the oppressed.” That means that when you latch on to your own mind and you steal it back, when you enter the psychic space of the masses you take away the weapon from the oppressor and you give yourself a weapon that will empower you. So its Hip hop artists like that. Hip hop artists like Alice Walker when she wrote The Color Purple and she decided that she wasn’t going to use correct punctuation or quotation marks meant a lot to me. Hip hop artists like individuals that started making clothes like Karl Kani back in the 90’s. The first big, black-owned clothing industry that looked at urban gear not as a bad thing, but as something that people were interested in, that would revolutionize our identities as American. Now we see the reflection of these clothing choices around the globe. I’m thinking about the Hip hop artist that chant like Fela Kuti and this notion of infusing hybrid sounds in order to give voice to new possibilities. So these are the individuals who have been most influential to me. Toni Morrison when she writes Jazz is very much a Hip hop artist. There is one scene in Beloved where Sethe, Ma Suggs, and Beloved herself are flowin’ and Morrison doesn’t use any type of ellipses but she lets it flow like rap down the page and you feel the rappin’ enrapturing you, and coming up. GN: It’s like Ursula Rucker, she’s a poet and yet she has music behind it. DK: That’s right. GN: Right, so music is just one manifestation of… DK: Musicality is part of everything, like there is music to everything. That’s what Hip hop said. Hip hop said there is music to everything. So if you take the rhythm of the train as it moves past you every five minutes, against the beep of the horns that you hear in the street, against the sounds of people stomping on pavement, against the sounds of mothers yelling at babies. Little girls jumpin’ double-dutch in the street and boys playing paddle ball next to them. You know, all of it created a music. A rhythm. And then the voices that spoke to that was rap. And it’s always been that way; it’s always been there. Hip hop just gave us a way to explain it, a way to listen to it, a way to channel it in order to work towards the franchise of justice. Hip hop is more than simply a musical genre. Hip hop has the power to change lives, and at the same time defy the oppressive forces of racism, sexism, and classism. However, record labels and the mainstream exploits the Hip hop experience. We see this from popular artists such as Flo Rida, 2 Chainz, Lil’ Wayne, and Macklemore. Just like everyone else I can sing the chorus to “Thrift Shop.” However, as we listen to artists that top the charts, it is important to ask questions and be critical. What is the message of their songs? Are they saying anything of substance? Are they advocating for social justice in creative and clever ways, or are they glorifying drugs, sex and money? Does every artist have to be an activist? Hip hop can be a form of expression that gives voice and provides space for those that are disenfranchised from mainstream culture. To take Dr. Kirkland’s term, there are “Hip hop-graphers” that use the genre as a way to challenge the status quo and injustice in their art. These are not just musicians. They are writers, philosophers, artists, filmmakers and even clothing designers. We must seek them out and support them. Finally, and most importantly, Hip hop is a way of being, a way of living one’s life for liberation, change and humanness. The music of Hip hop is a powerful expression of this, but it is essential that we recognize the multiple artistic disciplines that are Hip hop. Catch the second part of this interview with Dr. David Kirkland in the next issue of Bonus Cut as he expands on the transformative and libratory power of hip-hop education. **You can check out Dr. Kirkland’s blog at davidekirkland.wordpress.com or follow him on Twitter: @davidekirkland. Tagged Art, erik b and rakim, HIPHOP, Michigan State University, New York City, The Sugarhill Gang, United States	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2335
__label__wiki	0.980482	0.980482	In May, New York City announced a dramatic reform to its Family Court legal representation system to provide multifaceted assistance to parents. The New York Law Journal credited Martin Guggenheim ’71, Fiorello LaGuardia Professor of Clinical Law, as the “theorist” who developed the interdisciplinary model the city is now employing, which relies on nonprofit groups to provide social-work services in addition to legal representation for parents and guardians. The city signed $9.4 million in contracts with Manhattan’s Center for Family Representation (CFR), the Bronx Defenders and Brooklyn’s Legal Services for New York City to collectively handle an estimated 2,595 cases over 26 months. This move will shift representation of about 40 percent of indigent parents in the three boroughs from $75-an-hour city-certified attorneys who have been their sole source of parent representation until now, to the three nonprofit organizations. “Before this change, the city was shortchanging the parents’ representatives,” says Guggenheim, a long-time proponent of advocating to rehabilitate entire families, instead of focusing exclusively on children’s legal rights during court proceedings (see “Caught by Good Intentions”). “It’s the first time that the city has seen fit to try to level the playing field by providing equal resources to all parties in child-welfare cases.” Students in Guggenheim’s Family Defense Clinic will work on cases with Legal Services for New York City. The clinic partners students from NYU’s School of Social Work with law students to handle cases that usually concern parental abuse and neglect. Both CFR and the Bronx Defenders also employ parent advocates—usually social workers—a multidisciplinary approach developed by Guggenheim to address circumstances in which parents require guidance and assistance, but not necessarily legal advocacy, such as reporting on their progress in drug-rehabilitation or parenting programs. “The city’s decision to create organizations to represent parents is nothing short of revolutionary. The support of interdisciplinary representation is a tribute to its recognition that families need strong legal representation and a wide array of services and support to strengthen them and make reunification possible,” says the Bronx Defenders’ Executive Director Robin Steinberg ’82. Her organization provides holistic, community- based legal and social services for defendants in the criminal-justice system. Focusing on circumstances both inside and out of the courtroom will greatly improve legal service for families, says Guggenheim. “Our law school developed a model of how to represent parents effectively,” he says. “It is gratifying that New York City agrees that providing excellent representation requires working closely with parents outside of court.”	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2338
__label__wiki	0.949541	0.949541	In nearly every measurable area, NYU School of Law has thrived and grown under the leadership of Richard Revesz. By Fred Bernstein ’94 Early last year, Richard Pildes, Sudler Family Professor of Constitutional Law, learned that his friend Robert Bauer, a confidant of President Obama and the White House counsel since 2009, was thinking of leaving that post. Pildes tipped off Dean Richard Revesz, for whom strengthening ties to the legislative and executive branches of government has been a high priority. (The era of focusing the Law School curriculum almost exclusively on the judiciary has ended on Revesz’s watch.) Within days, the dean had not only worked out a plan to persuade Bauer to choose NYU over the other top law schools that wanted him, but also had gone to Washington to close the deal. Bauer, now chief counsel to the Obama-Biden campaign, agreed to come to NYU School of Law as a senior fellow and adjunct professor. He has already shared his inside-the-Beltway perspective with students in seminars on presidential power and campaign finance, and he will continue doing so until at least 2015. “The picture Ricky drew overall of the Law School and its direction was compelling,” says Bauer. “He also made a powerful case for the excellence NYU had achieved—and that it would continue to pursue—in the fields of primary interest to me.” (Among other important Washington figures recently or currently teaching at the Law School, some on a fulltime or half-time basis, are C. Boyden Gray, White House counsel under George H.W. Bush; Paul Clement, solicitor general under George W. Bush; Sally Katzen, administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs in the Clinton White House; and judges Harry Edwards and Douglas Ginsburg of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, who both maintain senior status on the bench.) With moves like these, Revesz has surprised even his most ardent supporters—who 10 years ago had no idea how big the job would become under his aegis. “The faculty was wildly in favor of Ricky becoming dean,” remembers Barry Friedman, Jacob D. Fuchsberg Professor of Law, who was on the search committee that recommended him to succeed John Sexton, now president of NYU. “But we knew there would be strengths and weaknesses. What’s interesting has been to see his strengths increase and his weaknesses kind of evaporate.” One common perception was that Revesz—described by nearly everyone as brainy and hyper-logical—wouldn’t be good at motivating donors. “With that professorial look, he’s not the fund-raiser from central casting,” says Robert Kindler ’80, Morgan Stanley vice chairman and a Law School trustee. But David Tanner ’84, executive vice president at Continental Grain Company and now also a Law School trustee, says he hadn’t been a major donor until Revesz persuaded him to become one. “He has a wonderful way of making you feel like your philanthropy is really going to make a difference,” Tanner says, adding that Revesz “has no qualms about asking for big numbers.” Very big numbers: Revesz has raised an average of about $50 million in each of his 10 years as dean, bringing his total so far to more than half a billion dollars. Despite the economic recession, he more than doubled the size of the annual fund from $3.1 million in 2002 to $6.5 million today and is building up the school’s endowment (still smaller than those of several rival schools). But sometimes, at a school Revesz describes as “entrepreneurial,” the endowment, which is composed of restricted funds, has to wait: Money, especially unrestricted funds raised for the annual fund, is needed to deliver student services, financial aid, and programs that, Revesz says, “help students and recent graduates do things they want to do”—including taking public interest and government jobs. In fact, nearly every aspect of Revesz’s job has grown. Larry Kramer, until August the dean of Stanford Law School, says the responsibilities of law school deans have changed radically in recent decades. A dean was once primarily part of the faculty—a leader of the academic cohort. Then fund-raising and administrative duties multiplied, making the dean a veritable CEO. And NYU Law, which offers nearly a dozen joint-degree versions of its J.D., plus 10 LL.M.s and a J.S.D., is a particularly complicated organization to run, says Kramer, who was a vice dean and professor at NYU Law from 1994 to 2004. Revesz is, by all accounts, a quick decision-maker once he hears the facts. And his door is always open, at least metaphorically; students and colleagues say he answers nearly every e-mail before the next day. Once, Revesz recalls, he got a 1:00 a.m. e-mail from a student who needed advice before a clerkship interview with Second Circuit Judge Guido Calabresi at 7:00 that morning. Revesz, who had studied with Calabresi at Yale, responded, and the student got the clerkship. Telling the story, Revesz says, “I remember thinking, This really is a fullservice operation.” It’s tempting to think it was the chaos of his childhood in Argentina—which came only two decades after the decimation of his father’s family in the Holocaust—that fueled Revesz’s ambition. Each morning, Revesz remembers, he turned on the radio to find out if a coup or a general strike would make it impossible for him to get to school that day. (Because the heat in his apartment building didn’t come on until 8:00 a.m. and political paroxysms were frequent, Revesz says, it was rational to check the radio before deciding to crawl out from under the covers—a precocious application of cost-benefit analysis.) He chose the U.S., particularly Princeton, with its This Side of Paradise campus, as a refuge. After graduating summa cum laude, he went on to MIT for a master’s in engineering; his adviser suggested he round out his studies by learning microeconomics. That fomented his interest in public policy and a transition from engineering to law. From Yale Law School, where he was editor-in-chief of the Yale Law Journal, and a pair of prestigious clerkships for Second Circuit Chief Judge Wilfred Feinberg and Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, he arrived at NYU in 1985. “Ricky is a great American success story,” says Raymond Lohier ’91, a judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. In fact, Lohier likens Revesz to Calabresi, former dean of Yale Law School (and, like Revesz, from a family displaced by European fascism). Like many ambitious deans, Revesz has made a tangible mark on his institution, building Furman Hall (which had been planned by Sexton) and Wilf Hall, acquiring 22 Washington Square North, and upgrading and modernizing the Law School’s cornerstone, Vanderbilt Hall. But he has made even more impressive changes to what happens in those buildings—including increasing the size of the full-time faculty from 83 to 109. Many of his 44 hires have been laterals from Columbia, Harvard, Michigan, and Chicago. The bottom line: Nearly half the current Law School faculty, including some of its biggest stars, has arrived during the Revesz era. “It’s been a singular focus of his,” says Kindler. “To get so many to come from Columbia and Harvard while losing very few to competitors is a very big deal.” Revesz says he doesn’t rely on a checkbook to lure new faculty, explaining that NYU can’t afford to outbid schools with much larger endowments. Instead he appeals to a scholar’s desire to be part of a uniquely collaborative academic community that has an impact on the outside world. One Columbia professor, after meeting with Revesz, told the dean that it seemed the choice was between working alone in his office or joining NYU Law to work collaboratively; his eventual move downtown was another victory in legal academia’s version of the Subway Series. For those Revesz wants to entice from other cities, he has taken advantage of his simple observation that people often change jobs when their children are about to start elementary school, or just after their children finish high school—timing his recruitment efforts accordingly. One of the results of the hiring spree, besides a faculty deeply loyal to the dean: There are now at least a dozen fields of law in which NYU arguably has the best faculty among the leading law schools. (Since Revesz became dean, this magazine has made the case for NYU’s preeminence in 11 of those fields.) But not content to merely hire leading academics, he exhorts them to do their best work after they arrive at NYU—one reason he personally moderates the weekly brown-bag lunches at which professors take turns sharing works in progress. His involvement, he says, helps keep research and writing on the front burner. Revesz encourages professors to collaborate with students; he himself has had student co-authors on nearly all his recent publications, including his 2008 book, Retaking Rationality: How Cost-Benefit Analysis Can Better Protect the Environment and Our Health, co-authored with Michael Livermore ’06, now an adjunct professor at the Law School. The book lives up to its title, making a powerful argument for employing cost-benefit analysis—which, in Revesz’s view, had been co-opted by pro-business, anti-regulatory interests—in the service of environmentalism. One reason Revesz seeks out student co-authors, he jokes, is that knowing a student is depending on him keeps him working when he might otherwise grab an extra hour’s sleep. But the real motivation, he says, is to give students an opportunity to share an experience he had at MIT, where his adviser made him feel, he says, like “a full colleague.” Even 30 years later his gratitude is palpable when he talks about it. That kind of interaction between students and professors is typical of Ph.D. programs but has rarely been available in law schools. In 2003, however, NYU Law launched the Furman Academic Scholarship Program. It is based on the graduate model, offering full-tuition scholarships, summer funding, and close faculty mentoring to a select group of students interested in academic careers. The larger goal is to give all students interested in research the chance to do professional-level work, just as students in litigation clinics get to work on real (and sometimes important) cases. “You should think of your three years here as a time when you can accomplish significant professional things,” Revesz announces each spring at a breakfast for admitted students, who might have mistakenly thought law school was just for taking classes. Matthew Shahabian ’11, now a law clerk to Judge Robert Katzmann of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, recalls speaking to Revesz about a subject of mutual interest: how discount rates, which are used to determine the present value of future benefits, influenced the perceived worth of various environmental regulations. At their first meeting, Revesz proposed co-authoring an article—“not,” Shahabian says pointedly, “that I be his research assistant.” From then on, he became accustomed to receiving comments and revisions from Revesz late at night. Eventually, Shahabian says, it dawned on him that at the same time Revesz was working on their article, “he was also writing another article with a friend of mine, teaching, traveling for conferences, meeting with donors….” But Shahabian didn’t know the half of it. One way that Revesz has increased the complexity of the organization he leads is by adding a dozen academic centers and institutes that vary in the details but share the goal, he says, of getting professors, students, and professionals in the field “to work on topics of great legal or public-policy salience.” In 2008, the dean himself started the Institute for Policy Integrity, making his former student and collaborator Livermore the executive director. And that’s just in New York; the dean’s portfolio includes major global initiatives, including a dual LL.M. degree program with the National University of Singapore Faculty of Law and a recently announced plan to give J.D. students semesters abroad in Shanghai, Paris, and Buenos Aires—the city Revesz left three decades ago. At the same time, he has strengthened student opportunities to learn about the legislative and executive branches of government. Notably, he oversaw the addition of a required course on the Administrative and Regulatory State to the first-year curriculum, setting the stage for 2Ls and 3Ls to delve deeply into how Washington functions. He underscores the importance of this area by co-teaching, with Livermore, the Administrative and Regulatory State Clinic, in which students work with non-governmental organizations to prepare petitions, draft public comments for notice-and-comment rule-makings under the Administrative Procedure Act, and participate in administrative law litigation. Mindful that many NYU Law graduates go on to work in corporate law firms or on Wall Street, Revesz has forged significant ties to the business community, taking advantage of resources that are available only in New York City. In 2007, the Law School launched the Mitchell Jacobson Leadership Program in Law and Business, which offers a J.D./M.B.A., mentoring, and a curriculum that includes a Business Law Transactions Clinic as well as roughly 10 “Law and Business of” courses—in investment banking, micro-finance, and bankruptcy, to name a few—co-taught by faculty from NYU Law and the Stern School of Business to students of both schools, who work collaboratively to analyze significant transactions presented by the principals who negotiated them. Revesz has also made a considerable effort to support socioeconomically disadvantaged students, to diversify not only classrooms but also, eventually, law firm partnership rosters and corporate boardrooms. Last year, Sponsors for Educational Opportunity honored NYU Law for helping students from underserved communities succeed in college and the workforce. The Law School’s programs that support such students include TRIALS (Training and Recruitment Initiative for Admission to Leading Law Schools), a partnership with Harvard Law School and the Advantage Testing Foundation that offers LSAT preparation courses and other support; a five-week summer course in partnership with Legal Outreach to introduce middle-school and high-school students in underserved areas to careers in the law; and the AnBryce Scholarship Program—created by the chairman of the Law School Board of Trustees, Anthony Welters ’77, and his wife, Beatrice Welters, the U.S. ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago—which provides 10 full-tuition scholarships per class to outstanding J.D. students who are among the first in their family to pursue a graduate degree. “I truly believe in this approach to education,” Revesz says. With all these initiatives and responsibilities, Revesz might resent the time spent on fund-raising, especially because there are no shortcuts—if he wants to raise twice as much money, he says, he has to make twice as many calls. But, in a typically Revesz-ian way of finding intellectual stimulation in jobs others might find tedious, he says he enjoys fund-raising because it introduces him to leaders in a variety of fields. Potential donors, he explains, tend to be innovators. Asked by a reporter why American universities are so much more innovative than their European counterparts, he responded that because leaders of U.S. institutions have to fund-raise, they need to interact with successful non-academics. As a dean, “you wouldn’t learn as much,” he says, “if you were just sitting around waiting for a big check from the government.” Sitting around isn’t Revesz’s style. When he took the job, he had big shoes to fill. In 10 years he has not only filled those shoes, but used them to cover a lot of new ground. —Fred Bernstein ’94, a journalist, clerked for two federal judges and now writes about his favorite subjects—including law, architecture, and fatherhood—for many publications.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2339
__label__cc	0.539433	0.460567	Tag Archives \| Adrienne Chan Garry Fehr named Director of new Agriculture Centre of Excellence at UFV By Anne Russell on September 4, 2015 Dr. Garry Fehr has been named Director of the Agriculture Centre of Excellence (ACE) at the University of the Fraser Valley. Fehr is a faculty member of the Geography and the Environment department and will work with internal and external advisory committees while reporting to Dr. Adrienne Chan, Associate Vice President of Research, Engagement, and […] Lenore Newman named to inaugural cohort of Royal Society’s College of New Scholars By Anne Russell on November 12, 2014 Dr. Lenore Newman of the University of the Fraser Valley is in good company these days. She has been chosen to be part of the inaugural cohort of the Royal Society of Canada’s College of New Scholars. A total of 91 members have been selected as part of this first cohort. They will be inducted […] Irwin Cohen new RCMP research chair at UFV; Amy Prevost new Crim school director Dr. Irwin Cohen has taken up the role of RCMP Senior Research Chair in Crime Reduction at the University of the Fraser Valley, effective September 1, 2013. Cohen, who was most recently director of the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at UFV, is filling a gap created when Dr. Darryl Plecas left UFV to […] UFV welcomes Amandeep Sandhu as new BC Regional Innovation Chair By Darren McDonald on July 26, 2013 Dr. Amandeep Sandhu has been named the University of the Fraser Valley’s new BC Regional Innovation Chair in Canada–India Business and Economic Development. He took up his post on July 1. This research chair is housed at the Centre for Indo-Canadian Studies at UFV. Sandhu will also be a faculty member in the UFV School […] Adrienne Chan appointed AVP of Research, Engagement, and Graduate Studies at UFV By Anne Russell on May 27, 2013 Dr. Adrienne Chan has been appointed as the Associate Vice President, Research, Engagement, and Graduate Studies at the University of the Fraser Valley. Chan has been a faculty member at UFV in the School of Social Work and Social Services since 2004, and has been acting in the AVP role since the fall of 2012. […] Dr. Yvon Dandurand returns to research and professorship, passing Associate Vice President Research and Graduate Studies to Dr. Adrienne Chan By Dessa Bayrock on August 7, 2012 Yvon Dandurand has served as Associate Vice-President (AVP), Research and Graduate Studies for the past 10 years, and is now stepping aside to return to teaching and research projects of his own. “I get all kinds of requests to be a guest lecturer as part of other professors’ classes, but that’s really not the same […]	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2340
__label__cc	0.620937	0.379063	Texas student Vladimir Trifonov gives An O(log n log log n) Space Algorithm for Undirected Connectivity. If it came out a few months earlier (assuming the proof is correct) it would have been an amazing result, greatly improving the previously best known O(log4/3 n) bound. Unfortunately for Trifonov, Omer Reingold announced his result giving the stronger O(log n) space algorithm a few weeks earlier. Trifonov's work was done independently from Reingold. Trifonov's proof uses techniques based on PRAM algorithms for connectivity completely different from Reingold's zig-zag methods. Still an admirable breakthrough. Bravo! :) Because eventually log(log(n)) will become an insurmountably huge multiplier. If it came out a few months earlier (assuming the proof is correct) it would have been an amazing result, greatly improving the previously best known O(log4/3 n) bound. It still is an amazing result, it still greatly improves the previously best known bound. Unfortunately for Trifonov, Omer Reingold announced his result giving the stronger O(log n) space algorithm a few weeks earlier. Trifonov's work was done independently from Reingold. I find the first sentence quite judgmental, and the second one awfully condescending. You seem to be pre-supposing that Reingold gains precedence here -- keep in mind that both ECCC TRs came out a few weeks after the STOC/CCC submission deadlines, and there is a fair chance that both papers have been submitted to one of these conferences, and might end up in the same proceedings. In which case, they will have identical publication dates. Not to take anything away from Reingold's brilliant work, but Trifonov's paper points out (a) that the problem was not as hard as made out to be, and (b) derandomizing the random walk algorithm via pseudorandom generators, etc., is not the only way to think about it. Furthermore, a cursory glance at Trifonov's paper says that it solves a specific conjecture of Ramachandran -- i.e., she had specifically laid out a path for obtaining a low-space algorithm for USTCON. I've never been a big fan of the PRAM stuff, but it appears that there's an element of vindication here for that community. Jeff Erickson 10:58 AM, December 03, 2004 "If it came out a few months earlier... it would have been an amazing result..." Huh? It's still an amazing result, especially since it was produced independently, using entirely different methods, and by a graduate student. Certainly Omer Reingold should be given credit for getting there first, but that doesn't diminish the quality of Vladimir's work! Dude, chill out Eric. I doubt that Lance is trying to shoot down Trifonov. In fact Lance seems symathetic to the fact that an otherwise important result is now destined to become a footnote. Complexity Year in Review Copyrights on Conference and Journal Papers Computation and the Socio-Economic Sciences Tragedy in Asia FSTTCS 2004 at Chennai Ooscla Decryption by Clancy Favorite Theorems: Derandomizing Space Can We Fairly Teach and Grade? A Map of Complexity Classes The Other Nigerian Scam The NSF Gets Some Attention When Average Case is the Worst Case Use Google to Search Your LaTeX Files	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2342
__label__cc	0.723592	0.276408	ICANN’s Line in the Sand You are here: Home » Internet Governance & Policy » ICANN’s Line in the Sand ICANN has long upheld the stance that its role, though critical to the everyday functions of the Internet as we know it, is very limited. In fact, on the Frequently Asked Questions page of ICANN’s website, it says the following: “ICANN’s role is very limited, and it is not responsible for many issues associated with the Internet, such as financial transactions, Internet content control, spam (unsolicited commercial email), Internet gambling, or data protection and privacy.” This delineation of what exactly it is that ICANN is responsible for and what it is not was stated again by its interim CEO Akram Atallah in a recent Reuters article about the deluge of public comments ICANN has received over who should operate certain religious gTLDs that were applied for as part of the New gTLD Program, namely .BIBLE, .ISLAM and others. While certain comments implore ICANN to make sure that these names do not fall into the “wrong” hands, Atallah told Reuters, “We don’t look into whether the Vatican has the right to the .CATHOLIC name. Hopefully, the process will get to a conclusion that is satisfying to the majority.” In other words, ICANN isn’t in the business of evaluating whether an applicant is “worthy” of operating a specific gTLD, but rather in evaluating whether or not that applicant sufficiently met all of the evaluation criteria laid out in the New gTLD Applicant Guidebook. Regardless of what that means for the communities who are concerned about the operation of gTLDs with religious significance, this policy has interesting implications for companies that applied for generic-term gTLDs. The new gTLD evaluation process is not meant to determine whether Google has the “right” to operate .SEARCH or if Fidelity “should” operate .RETIREMENT, for example. ICANN does not have the power to subjectively make those decisions. So at the end of the day, who gets to operate .HEALTH will come down to who is most successful at navigating ICANN’s evaluation process and Contention Set procedures. And for those terms for which only one application was filed, like .WORK, for example, the decision over whether to give the applicant control over the gTLD will have to do with its capabilities as expressed in its application, rather than a subjective measure of worthiness. Josh Bourne September 7, 2012 December 16, 2016 Internet Governance & Policy ← ICANN Armageddon or Much Ado about Nothing? – Manwin v. ICM and ICANN The Risks and Rewards of Social Media →	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2343
__label__wiki	0.583449	0.583449	Home / Kinsey Gordon S. Miller June 12, 2005 4 Comments 28 Views Written and Directed by Bill Condon Bill Condon presents a biography about Alfred Kinsey, a professor of entomology at Indiana University who created controversy when he became the first person to create a serious study of human sexuality. Kinsey began teaching at Indiana University in 1920. He studied gall wasps and wrote two books about them. He also wrote a college textbook, An Introduction to Biology. In the ‘30s, he discovered how inadequate the instruction regarding sex was. As a man of science, he was outraged, especially by the myths about sex that were being passed on as fact, so he began teaching a class at the university about human sexuality. Learning how truly lacking the information was, he began to create a study about human sexual behavior. Kinsey and his team of researchers interviewed thousands of people across the country. Kinsey went to Chicago to interview gay men with a male research student, Chad Martin, who was helping Kinsey do research in more ways then one. They began an affair, which was Kinsey’s first homosexual activity. After some time passes, Chad wanted to sleep with Kinsey’s wife, Clara. She was intrigued and open to the idea; Kinsey was able to separate sex and love, so he okayed it and encouraged this type of openess among the research team.. Sexual Behavior in the Human Male came out in 1948 and it became a smash, best seller. The book turned Kinsey into a bit of a celebrity, which gave him a platform to speak in the press about the unfairness of some sex crime laws across the nation. The school and the foundations that funded Kinsey grew nervous about some of the attention, but they were making plenty of money to ease their concerns. To further his studies, Kinsey and his team got involved with photographing and filming sexual activity to help their studies. The F.B.I began to investigate Kinsey when he wouldn’t help them find homosexuals in the State Dept. Sexual Behavior in the Human Female came out in 1953 and the public turned on Kinsey, probably not too accepting of the idea that their mothers and daughters desire sex just as much as the men do. The film steers clear of detailing what the specific findings were, which is what some dissenters still take Kinsey to task for, but I think they should cut the man a little slack. He was the first one to attempt a serious study and that could only have been conducted by interviews, unless his team was expected to watch humans mate in the wild. It should be no surprise that the interviewees were people who were most at ease with talking about sex, so they naturally would be more liberated and active sexually. The findings might skew slightly higher, but the activity was certainly taking place. The acting in this film is first rate by a talented group of actors. Liam Neeson and Laura Linney play off each other well as Alfred and Clara Kinsey, and Neeson captures the Midwestern twang of Kinsey’s voice. John Lithgow as Kinsey’s father and Tim Curry as the prudish, condescending professor Thurman Rice both only have a handful of scenes, yet they each wring out as much from the material as they can. My favorite moment is a powerful scene at the end of the film where Lynn Redgrave plays a lesbian who was able to come out of the closet and express her love for a woman who returned it, because Kinsey’s work let her know that she wasn’t alone. She thanks him for saving her life, an effect he had on more people than he was ever aware of. The commentary track by Condon was very informative and provides a wonderful crash course on making movies. He provides really good details as to what he went through as a screenwriter to create the script. After some months, the screenplay’s structure was based on Kinsey answering the questions from the research study like other interviewees. Condon also discusses directing the film such as dealing with actors and the film’s visual style. He is very good about spreading credit around, not just the obvious people like the actors, but the cinematographer and the production designer also get a mentioned for their ideas and work. He also relates how the film was put in turnaround when new people took over at Fox and the process of trying to find new financing. Other extras include a documentary called Kinsey Report: Sex on Film, which combines cast and crew answering Kinsey survey questions, behind-the-scenes footage, interviews with Condon and Producer Gail Mutrux as well as members of the Kinsey Institute. The documentary is about 80 minutes, but Condon covered a lot of the same information on his commentary track, so there is a lot of redundancy. It should have been cut down. There are 21 deleted scenes with commentary by Condon that offer his reasoning behind their removal from the film, a three-minute gag reel, a six-minute visual tour of an exhibit at the Kinsey Institute, and an Interactive Sex Questionnaire. For the curious, my SES was medium to high, SIS1 was medium to low and my S1S2 was average. Kinsey is not as salacious as it could have been, and it won’t sway those who already have a negative opinion of Kinsey, but I enjoyed it, finding the film very well crafted and I was especially impressed by Condon’s commentary. I wouldn’t call it a “must see” film, but if I was asked about Kinsey by someone interested in seeing it, I would recommend it. Tags Video About Gordon S. Miller Gordon S. Miller is the artist formerly known as El Bicho, the nom de plume he used when he first began reviewing movies online for The Masked Movie Snobs in 2003. Before the year was out, he became that site's publisher. Over the years, he has also contributed to a number of other sites as a writer and editor, such as FilmRadar, Film School Rejects, High Def Digest, and Blogcritics. He is the Publisher of Cinema Sentries. Some of his random thoughts can be found at twitter.com/ElBicho_CS @ElBicho_CS FEEcon 2019: Making a Career Out of Video There are many paths to careers in video. Here are four success stories.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2349
__label__wiki	0.533725	0.533725	A Good Society Tells the Truth About Marriage by Randy Hicks (WNS)–There is always quite a bit of discussion concerning the poor. That’s particularly true in difficult economic times like we’re experiencing now. But in the discussions about how to reduce poverty in Georgia, particularly as it relates to children, one solution almost never gets mentioned. It’s marriage and it’s a major determining factor in whether a child will live in poverty. In Georgia, more than a third of all single parent homes are living in poverty. On the other hand, only seven percent of married two-parent homes live in poverty. Factored out, single parent homes are five times more likely to be living in poverty than married ones. It turns out that out-of-wedlock childbearing is a huge reason for the rise in child poverty here in Georgia, according to research by our friend Robert Rector at The Heritage Foundation. Rector points out that the number of children born to single moms has skyrocketed since the 1960s. Today, the percentage of children born out-of-wedlock in Georgia is 45 percent. As a result, there are scores of single women who don’t benefit from the additional income of the father and who face bigger challenges getting more education to increase their odds of a higher paying job. Not surprisingly, the overwhelming majority (three quarters) of all poor families with children in Georgia are unmarried households. The research also shows that the lower a woman’s level of education the more likely she is to give birth outside of marriage. Nearly 60 percent of all births to women with only a high school diploma are out-of-wedlock. However, the number drops dramatically to 11 percent among women with a college degree. As Rector puts it, “The women most likely to have a child without being married are those who have the least ability to support a child on their own.” A comparison of married and single parent households with the same level of education is especially telling. At every level, whether high school dropouts or college graduates, married couples are much less likely to be living in poverty than their single parent peers. In fact, the poverty rate drops an average 79 percent among married families compared to single-parent families who have the same level of education. These findings are just further confirmation of what social science research has shown us for years – marriage has measurable benefits to individual families and society at large. We’ve known for a while that married people are more likely to be healthy, happy and financially prosperous than their single counterparts. Children in married households are more likely to do better in school, stay out of legal trouble and be emotionally and physically healthier than kids who aren’t. Certainly not every child from a single parent home will face these challenges, nor will a child from an intact family benefit in every way. But it’s clear that marriage makes a measurable difference. I was recently asked by a reporter whether or not urging people to marry was imposing my values on others. I assured her that holding up a standard that is likely to improve their wellbeing is hardly an imposition; it’s what a responsible person does. And it’s what a responsible society does. And it’s certainly not an imposition to encourage marriage when it’s something that 80 percent of adults in America will do. Most people want a good marriage, but timing matters. The order with which you choose to get married and have babies matters. I’m not pushing for shotgun weddings or for people to marry no matter what. But I am saying that when we talk about improving lives and reducing poverty we shouldn’t ignore one of the best solutions. A good society tells the truth about marriage. We should hold it up as a positive standard that has benefits for individuals and society. Randy Hicks is the president of the Georgia Family Council. © World Magazine ← Don’t Waste Your Poison Ivy Q & A: Tim Keller on ‘The Meaning of Marriage’ →	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2352
__label__cc	0.534543	0.465457	- Campus Life - https://campuslife.blogs.ie.edu - IE Tennis Club at IESE Spring Games and MBAT Posted By Lynn Yates On 2 January, 2015 @ 12:26 In Sports \| No Comments T [1]he IESE Spring Games were held during the weekend of April 4th-6th and the IE Tennis Club had a team representing the school. We participated in two different categories: Mixed Doubles and Men´s Singles. In the first category, we were represented by Camilo Bueno (Colombia)/Nathalia Reyes (El Salvador) and Sebastián Chacón (Colombia)/Amelia Wix (UK). They all had a great performance and the first couple defeated all their rivals, and after winning 3 different matches they got the gold medal in their category. In Men´s Singles, we were represented by Hernán Mendivil (Peru), from the IMBA program. He ended up making it into semifinals after defeating all three adversaries in his group. Then, he made it to the final, and sadly lost that final match after 3 very exciting sets. [2]This tournament was a very interesting experience because all IE teams started to prepare and generate a good cohesiveness towards the next challenge that MBAT represented. MBAT When May arrived, everybody was really anxious because it meant that MBAT was about to start. Many of us had heard about this tournament even before the program started, and we were told that this was one of the best experiences we will have during this year. The IE Tennis Club sent 2 teams to compete and both of them did a great job. Tennis matches were like playing a Davis Cup, but with men and women participating at the same time. Each team was supposed to present 2 Men´s Singles, 2 Women´s Singles, 1 Men´s Doubles, 1 Women´s Doubles and 1 Mixed Doubles. The first team was composed by Chris Holman (USA), Kunal Bisariya (USA), Santosh Mahale (India), Ricardo Ocampo (Colombia) and María Angela Cepero (Colombia). They played against LBS, Cambridge and Oxford and this team was one match away from getting to the semifinals. [3]The second team was composed by Hernán Mendivil (Peru), Ryan McVicker (USA), Amelia Wix (UK) and Catalina Esparza (Colombia) and they played against RSM and HEC, defeating both teams and making it into the semifinals. They then played against Oxford and got to play the final against Insead. Finally, they got us the silver medal of the tennis tournament. Although most of the tennis matches were held off campus because of the rain, this was an incredible experience for bonding with every IE team. The IE spirit had a great presence amongst all activities that took place that weekend. Article printed from Campus Life: https://campuslife.blogs.ie.edu URL to article: https://campuslife.blogs.ie.edu/2015/01/02/ie-tennis-club-at-iese-spring-games-and-mbat/ [1] Image: https://campuslife.blogs.ie.edu/files/2015/01/tennispost2.jpg Copyright © 2013 Campus Life. All rights reserved.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2356
__label__wiki	0.820678	0.820678	Home AP News Wickens to drive parade lap at Toronto with hand controls Wickens to drive parade lap at Toronto with hand controls FILE - In this March 8, 2019, file photo Robert Wickens sits in the pit area at the IndyCar Grand Prix of St. Petersburg auto race in St. Petersburg, Fla. Nearly a year after his devastating injury in an IndyCar race, Wickens will indeed get to drive a car again at a race track. He will lead the parade lap Sunday before the Toronto IndyCar race in an Acura NSX equipped with hand controls. (Dirk Shadd/Tampa Bay Times via AP, File) TORONTO (AP) — Robert Wickens has attacked his rehabilitation from a spinal cord injury with aggressive goals. He wants to dance at his upcoming wedding, one day walk again with zero evidence his legs once did not work and, of course, Wickens hopes to return to racing cars. Nearly a year after his devastating injury in an IndyCar race, Wickens will get to drive a car again at a track. He will lead the parade lap Sunday before the Toronto IndyCar race in an Acura NSX equipped with hand controls. The modifications were made by Arrow, sponsor of the Arrow Schmidt Peterson Motorsports team Wickens drove for last season. Arrow in 2014 developed a Semi-Autonomous Motorcar (SAM) Car that allowed team owner Schmidt, who is paralyzed from the neck down, to get back in a car. Wickens turned his first laps around Exhibition Place earlier this week in a test drive for Sunday. “I wouldn’t say it’s a boost of confidence because it never crossed my mind that I would have forgotten how to drive,” Wickens told The Associated Press. “But, it was definitely an emotional day feeling that freedom and sense of independence again. It’s going to be a long road before I’m race ready with hand controls, but being back in the car has given me a lot of motivation to continue improving.” Talks began over the winter between Wickens and Arrow, which has developed technology that assists the driver but does not take control from the driver — an important distinction between independence over convenience. Arrow’s celebrated “SAM” car has given Schmidt the opportunity to drive up Colorado’s Pikes Peak, perform an exhibition at Indianapolis Motor Speedway and reach 190 mph on the runway at Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada, a speed record for a semi-autonomous vehicle. Honda, sponsor for Sunday’s race at Toronto, joined the project in March after meeting with Wickens and Arrow at the IndyCar season opening race. It provided the Acura NSX. “It took me a little while to get to grips with everything,” Wickens told AP. “To be honest, it’s not completely second nature just yet. This is just phase one of many to come with the car’s modifications. What Arrow was able to do in such a short period of time is remarkable, and it still allows me the opportunity to drive again so it’s a win-win.” Wickens grew up in Guelph, Ontario, west of Toronto, and this weekend is considered his home race. He finished third there last season — one of his five podium finishes in a remarkable rookie season cut short six laps into the 14th race of the year. He was racing at Pocono in Pennsylvania when contact with another car launched Wickens into the fence. He was left paralyzed from the waist down and his injuries included a thoracic spinal fracture, neck fracture, tibia and fibula fractures to both legs, four fractured ribs and a pulmonary contusion. Most of his rehabilitation is being done in Denver, near Arrow’s Colorado headquarters, but he has been able to travel more and attend IndyCar races as a consultant to the team. He will be accompanied on his parade lap by fiancée Karli Woods, who will be in the passenger seat in front of their hometown crowd. “Obviously being in front a hometown crowd, with friends and family around, it makes it even more special,” Wickens said. “In the winter when we first started planning this, the goal was always to have everything ready for Toronto.” More AP auto racing: https://apnews.com/apf-AutoRacing and https://twitter.com/AP_Sports Previous articleA trivia quiz on British Open, golf's oldest championship Next articleThe Latest: US aware Turkey taking Russian missile system	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2359
__label__cc	0.595914	0.404086	Who believe that innocent children will also go to Hell? But Jesus called the children to him and said, "Let the little children come to me, and do not hinder them, for the kingdom of God belongs to such as these. (Luke 18:16, NIV) To those Christians who believe in Original Sin, what did Jesus mean by saying that the kingdom of God belongs to children? Do they believe that innocent* children will also go to Hell? (* Innocent in the sense that they have not started the first act of sin.) soteriology original-sin children infants MawiaMawia Most groups who believe in Original Sin say that it is a Sin Nature that we inherit from Adam by virtue of being human, not by "starting an act of sin" ourselves. As such the question is moot for most of us because there are none innocent. Is this what you would like explained in an answer or is this directed at some subset who believe in original sin but not a sin nature (I'm not sure who that would be...)? – Caleb♦ Feb 19 '14 at 14:11 @Caleb I don't know how many types of theology are there regarding Original Sin. – Mawia Feb 19 '14 at 14:16 Jesus' remarks were that those who would receive his teachings would be like little children. Also see the Beatitudes, which provides more detail about the simple childlike faith (my words) of those that would receive him (meek, pure in heart, peacemakers, etc.). The Kingdom of God belongs to those who can accept Christ in the same way a little child simply believes an elder. On the topic of original sin, Protestant teachings (although there are obviously exceptions) from approximately Martin Luther onward are along the lines that Christ's blood atones for children until the age at which they are capable of making a conscious decision to accept or reject His Grace. This is commonly referred to as the Age of Accountability. The doctrine of Age of Accountability is that there comes a point in your life when you must make a choice for which you will be judged (see Romans 14:12); the actual point in a child's life at which one becomes capable of decision making is not specified in scripture, and in my opinion would differ for each individual. Prior to this age, Christ's blood atones for "original sin" having paid the price "once for all" (Hebrews 10:10). Romans 14:12 - So then every one of us shall give account of himself to God. Roman Catholic teachings, on the other hand, states that those who die without first being baptized remain under original sin, and therefore descend to hell (or Limbo, in some interpretations). Council of Lyons II: “…The souls of those who die in mortal sin or with original sin only, however, immediately descend to hell, to be punished with different punishments…-- (Denzinger 464) Council of Florence: “…Moreover, the souls of those who depart in actual mortal sin or in original sin only, descend immediately into hell but to undergo punishments of different kinds.— (Denzinger 693) Pope John XXII: “It (The Roman Church) teaches… that the souls… of those who die in mortal sin, or with only original sin descend immediately into hell; however, to be punished with different penalties and in different places.” (Denzinger 493(a). "It has been decided likewise that if anyone says that for this reason the Lord said: "In my father's house there are many mansions"(JN14:2): that it might be understood that in the kingdom of heaven there will be some middle place or some place anywhere where the blessed infants live who departed from this life without baptism, without which they cannot enter into the kingdom of heaven, which is eternal life, let him be anathema. For when the lord says :"Unless a man be born of water and the Holy Ghost, he shall not enter into the kingdom of God"(Jn3:5), what Catholic will doubt that he will be partner of the devil who has not deserved to be a co-heir of Christ? For he who lacks the right part will without doubt run into the left" (Denzinger 102 fn.2; 30th edition) Note that current Roman Catholic church doctrine makes allowance for the possibility of cleansing from original sin for unbaptized children. Source. In the documents of the magisterium in the Middle Ages, the mention of “different punishments” for those who die in actual mortal sin or with original sin only (“As for the souls of those who die in mortal sin or with original sin only, they go down immediately to hell, to be punished, however, with different punishments")[66] must be interpreted according to the common teaching of the time. Historically, these affirmations have certainly been applied to unbaptised infants, with the conclusion that these infants suffer punishment for original sin. It must be observed however that, in a general way, the focus of these Church pronouncements was not on the lack of salvation for unbaptised infants, but on the immediacy of the particular judgment after death and the assignment of souls to heaven or hell. These magisterial statements do not oblige us to think that these infants necessarily die with original sin, so that there would be no way of salvation for them. Bob BlackBob Black Your block on "Protestants" is definitely not representative of Reformed Protestants, nor indeed of many other not so Reformed groups. I can's speak for the Catholic section, but I don't think this answer as put is useful for de-mystifying the terminology problem the OP is stuck on. – Caleb♦ Feb 19 '14 at 14:29 I added clarification to my answer that there are exceptions to the Protestant belief I outlined. I am attempting to answer the question "Can innocent children go to hell" from both the Protestant and Catholic viewpoints (generally, although there are obviously going to be exceptions). Can you help clarify anything I could have expressed better? – Bob Black Feb 19 '14 at 14:47 In this context, it should also be mentioned that the Catholic Church doesn't hold that unbaptized children necessarily die in the state of original sin. Catholicism allows for the possibility that there may be a way for God to cleanse unbaptized children of original sin before death. "These magisterial statements do not oblige us to think that these infants necessarily die with original sin, so that there would be no way of salvation for them." - vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/cti_documents/… – LoveTheFaith Feb 20 '14 at 2:23 @BobBlack Vatican II people don't believe those Dogmas anymore, you could maybe say traditionalists believe that. – user Feb 20 '14 at 3:59 @LoveTheFaith thanks for the correction, I have edited based on the source you provided. – Bob Black Feb 20 '14 at 21:18 I am reminded of another saying of Jesus - "Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven" (Matthew 5:3). Now, I know a lot of people who are poor in spirit and they're not even Christians. Does that mean they automatically go to heaven without Christ? I do not think so. Put it differently- if merely being poor in spirit is enough to go to heaven, what is the need for Jesus Christ? I therefore think Jesus is suggesting that heaven is surely made for people who are poor in spirit, but merely being poor in spirit may not suffice to get them there - they need the way (John 14:6) - Jesus Christ. In the same way, "Let the little children come to me, and do not hinder them, for the kingdom of God belongs to such as these" (Luke 18:16) means that the kingdom of God is surely made for those like little children, but merely being little children may not suffice to get them there. I believe in Original Sin and I am a Catholic. Catholicism holds that every human is born in a state deprived of grace, called original sin. We see Paul mention that we are "by nature children of wrath" (Eph 2:3). If we are children of wrath by nature, then it also means that little children are children of wrath by nature. It would therefore seem contrary to think that children of wrath automatically make it to heaven if they die in that state. Therefore, cleansing from original sin seems to be a necessity to enter heaven. Another poster mentioned that Catholic teaching says that "infants who die without first being baptized remain under original sin, and therefore descend to hell". However, this is not true. While it's true that the Catholic church does hold that "those who die in mortal sin or with original sin only, they go down immediately to hell, to be punished, however, with different punishments" (Council of Lyons II), it does not hold that unbaptized children necessarily die in the state of original sin. The current Catholic understanding is articulated in the document called THE HOPE OF SALVATION FOR INFANTS WHO DIE WITHOUT BEING BAPTISED The affirmation that “the punishment for original sin is the loss of the beatific vision”, formulated by Innocent III,[65] pertains to the faith: original sin is of itself an impediment to the beatific vision. Grace is necessary in order to be purified of original sin and to be raised to communion with God so as to be able to enter into eternal life and enjoy the vision of God. Historically, the common doctrine applied this affirmation to the fate of unbaptised infants and concluded that these infants lack the beatific vision. But Pope Innocent’s teaching, in its content of faith, does not necessarily imply that infants who die without sacramental Baptism are deprived of grace and condemned to the loss of the beatific vision; it allows us to hope that God who wants all to be saved, provides some merciful remedy for their purification from original sin and their access to the beatific vision. (36. b) The Catechism of the Catholic Church states - As regards children who have died without Baptism, the Church can only entrust them to the mercy of God, as she does in her funeral rites for them. Indeed, the great mercy of God who desires that all men should be saved, and Jesus' tenderness toward children which caused him to say: "Let the children come to me, do not hinder them," allow us to hope that there is a way of salvation for children who have died without Baptism. All the more urgent is the Church's call not to prevent little children coming to Christ through the gift of holy Baptism. - (CCC 1261) LoveTheFaithLoveTheFaith Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged soteriology original-sin children infants or ask your own question. How is original sin transmitted? What does Jesus mean when He says that we should be like children? Did most of the people that Jesus heal believe he was God? If so, why does the Bible not record them asking for salvation? Did Jesus actually ever say “if you don't believe in me you will go to hell”? Is it immoral to allow children to believe in Santa Claus? Moral implications of heaven and hell doctrine Given a Catholic understanding of Hell and individual judgment, do Catholics believe that all Protestants will go to Hell? Which doctrine was formalised first: Infant Baptism or Original Sin? At what moment did humans become sinful? According to Methodism, is it possible to live without sinning? Did St. Joachim prevent the transmission of original sin to Mary by overcoming concupiscence?	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2361
__label__wiki	0.563465	0.563465	Catalogue Search for "collection:"Adult non-fiction"" Book Paperback Results 1 - 10 of 21,539 Birds of Britain & Europe By Gooders, John, 1937- Paperback. English. Published London: Kingfisher, 2001 This is a practical guide to over 480 species of bird in Britain and Europe. Information on each bird includes fact panels with complete checklists of... By Oram, Hugh, 1943- Published Belfast: Appletree, 2001 In this guide, author Hugh Oram reveals 24 trails for the independent traveller. The trails featured take the reader back in time to explore Ireland's... Caravan sites 2004 Published Croydon: IPC Focus Network, 2004 'Caravan Sites 2004' lists over 3400 caravan parks across the United Kingdom. Key symbols to site facilities make this guide easy to use Published Croydon: IPC Media, 2005 This guide lists 3470 caravan parks across the United Kingdom and Ireland. Key symbols to site facilities make this guide easy to use The spirit of science: from experiment to experience Published Edinburgh: Floris, 1998 In this collection, distinguished scientists and thinkers from a wide range of disciplines examine the relationship of scientific knowledge and practice... The origins of the organic movement By Conford, Philip This historical work covers the formation of the organic movement. It gives an informative explanation of the political background, which is now relevant... Water crystals: making the quality of water visible By Schulz, Andreas The quality of our water, especially our drinking water, is becoming an increasingly important world issue. In this book, Andreas Schultz uses a ground... IEE on-site guide: to BS 7671-2001, (2004) 16th edition wiring regulations, including amendments No. 1, 2002 and No. 2, 2004 Published London: Institution of Electrical Engineers, 2004 This guide is intended to enable the competent electrician to deal with small installations (up to 100 A, 3-phase). It provides essential information... The 33-day war: Israel's war on Hezbollah in Lebanon and its aftermath By Achcar, Gilbert Published London: Saqi, c2007 Offering wide-ranging political analysis of the war and its implications for the ME and the West, this book also addresses the regional roles of Syria... Talking with children about things that matter By Kitzinger, Sheila, 1929- Published London: Pandora, c2000 [New ed.] In this book, the mother and daughter authors show the reader ways in which parents deal with and discuss important and challenging issues with their... From 1914 1946 1947 1953 1954 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 To 1914 1946 1947 1953 1954 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Adult Non-Fiction (21,539) Main Catalogue (21,539) Biographies (1,773) Health & Wellbeing (1,084) Local History Collection (828) Children Fiction (800) Travel Guides (1,234) Biography (1,149) Warfare and Defence (394) Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 (41) Wilson, Jacqueline (31) Vandome, Nick (27) Titchmarsh, Alan (21) Miller, Michael, 1958- (19) Ahlberg, Allan (18) Hardback (600) Reproduction (137) Younger Junior Fiction (684) Adult Fiction (409) Junior Non-Fiction (370) Older Junior Fiction (109) Cheltenham (4,520) Gloucester (3,145) Stroud (2,414) Cirencester (1,938) Bishops Cleeve (1,787) Charlton Kings (1,518) Undetermined (24)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2364
__label__cc	0.54962	0.45038	Postdoctoral Research Associate - Alzheimer's disease clinical research Iowa State University, Food Science and Human Nutrition The department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (FSHN) at Iowa State University, through Dr. Auriel A. Willette, is accepting applications for a two-year post-doctoral research associate position in Alzheimer’s disease clinical research. The position is in Ames, IA. The selected candidate will spearhead an NIH-funded grant examining the impact of intermittent calorie restriction versus weight loss dietary counseling on brain, biomarker, and behavioral outcomes. Prospective participants will be aged 70-90 and have Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), generally considered the precursor state to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As a trainee, the successful applicant will be expected to independently conduct all aspects of the randomized clinical trial. Duties will include: 1) coordinating all undergraduates, graduate students, and senior colleagues at ISU and the University of Iowa for running participants; 2) facilitating participant recruitment; 3) helping to collect or oversee data collection during participant visits; and 4) overseeing administrative duties related to the grant. The trainee has the option of also helping to conduct data analysis involving MR and PET brain imaging, biofluid markers related to nutrition and metabolism, and/or cognition in AD and related dementias. The successful candidate will have access to state-of-the-science equipment, facilities, and personnel trained specifically for the clinical trial. A second year of funding is contingent on satisfactory first year performance. Most trial visits will be conducted at the Nutrition and Wellness Research Center (NWRC), located in ISU’s research park district. The NWRC is an interdisciplinary research facility dedicated to studies on health and health-related behaviors. The NWRC includes research and laboratory space, equipment for controlled studies related to diet, exercise and behavior change. Body composition measurements may be assessed via BODPOD, PeaPod, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and bone mineral densitometry via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Anthropometry assessment and phlebotomy rooms are available for collecting blood and other clinical data. Neuroimaging visits will be conducted at the Magnetic Resonance Research Facility, through the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, located in Iowa City, IA. The MRRF was established in August of 2004 and has a 3T GE Discovery 750W MRI scanner and 7T GE 950 whole body scanner that are 100% research dedicated. State-of-the-science computing facilities include Windows and Unix-based image processing tools (LCModel, Matlab, SPM, AFNI, etc.) The laboratory of the PI (Dr. Auriel Willette) is located on the 2nd floor of the Human Nutrition Sciences Building, Iowa State University. The lab has dual capabilities for basic wet lab techniques (cell culture, IHC, etc.) and an array of PC and Macintosh machines dedicated to dry lab data analytics. Access to a High Performance Computing array and petabyte storage is guaranteed. The research in Dr. Willette’s lab is broadly focused on how obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction i mpacts the aging brain, particularly in Alzheimer’s disease. The goal of the intermittent calorie restriction trial is to see if consumption of a 530 kCal shake on 2 consecutive days, followed by 5 days ad libitum, will reduce metabolic dysfunction in the periphery and the brain in overweight to obese MCI participants. This intervention is expected to result in: 1) more fMRI task activation; 2) more resting state neural network strength in key networks (e.g., Default Mode); and 3) either stable cognition or less cognitive decline compared to active controls. Iowa State University is strongly invested in interdisciplinary research and opportunities for collaborative team building are available across various fields, including dietetics, neuroscience, immunobiology, genetics, bioengineering, cell and molecular biology, biostatistics, and bioinformatics. ISU supports campus-wide collaborative funding to enhance interdisciplinary research excellence in areas of animal and human health, with new opportunities for expanding research in the biomedical sciences. ISU supports excellent research facilities, including BSL-3 research laboratories, experimental animal facilities, cellular and molecular analysis capabilities, metabolomics, flow cytometry, advanced microscopy and imaging, statistics, and bioinformatics. ISU also has a state-of-the-science High Performance Computing array and dedicated staff for conducting large-scale parallel computing. FSHN values student-centered learning and supports and develops high quality educators. The University provides an intellectual environment committed to academic excellence and diversity, and offers mentoring programs for new faculty and staff. The College of Human Sciences, https://www.hs.iastate.edu/, is a highly regarded college for work in nutritional sciences, kinesiology, human development and family studies, and neuroscience. There are no departmental metrics in the U.S. for nutrition or nutritional sciences. CHS educates future life sciences leaders, conducts high-impact, mission-oriented research from basic to applied and shares new knowledge for the good of society. Ph.D. or equivalent doctorate (e.g., M.D., Sc.D.) in an appropriate biomedical field. Disciplines include but are not limited to Dietetics, Nutrition, Geriatrics, Neuroscience, Psychology, Neurology, and Psychiatry. A background in Alzheimer’s disease. Two or more years of experience helping to conduct clinical research with late-life participants who are cognitively unimpaired or have MCI or AD. This experience should include neuropsychological testing. Preferred Education and Experience: Experience with conducting clinical research using dietary interventions (e.g., MIND, DASH, etc.) Experience with managing, coordinating, and mentoring junior investigators regarding clinical research. Expertise in either nutritional sciences, biochemistry specific to cellular respiration, or states of metabolic dysfunction such as insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. *Demonstrated excellence in publications, and attempted or awarded grants. Telecommuting is allowed. About Iowa State University, Food Science and Human Nutrition Iowa State University is classified as a Carnegie Foundation Doctoral/Research University-Extensive, a member of the Association of American Universities (AAU), and ranked by U.S. News and World Report as one of the top public universities in the nation. More than 36,000 students are enrolled and are served by over 6,200 faculty and staff. Iowa State University is a global and culturally diverse university committed to providing an inclusive, equitable, and diverse environment for both learning and employment. We know that diversity in experience and perspective is vital to advancing innovation, critical thinking, solving complex problems, and building an inclusive academic community. At Iowa State, we translate these values into action by seeking individuals who have experience working with diverse students, colleagues, and constituents. The university has an expectation that all employees will demonstrate a contribution to diversity and inclusion as embodied in Iowa State University’s Principles of Community. Ames, Iowa is a progressive community of 60,000, located approximately 30 minutes north of Des Moines, and recently voted one of the best college towns in the nation. Iow...a State University is an equal opportunity employer committed to excellence through diversity and strongly encourages applications from all qualified applicants, including women, underrepresented populations, and veterans. ISUis responsive to the needs of dual career couples, is dedicated to work-life balance through an array of policies, and is an NSF ADVANCE institution. All employees are expected to exhibit and convey good citizenship within the program, the department, college, university activities, collegial interactions, and maintain the highest standards of integrity and ethical behavior. Research Scientist Postdoctoral – Translational Research Institute – Orlando Orlando, Florida AdventHealth 2 Weeks Ago	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2365
__label__cc	0.749191	0.250809	← coasting Art and the new economy → What happens when the artist moves on, and the collector is dismayed? In the course of developing my “voice” as a painter, I went through several “periods,” if that can really be applied to an emerging artist. Evidently several of them were pretty good, and they developed their own followings. But I no longer wish to paint those things, nor, in some cases, could I. They were areas and subjects I explored on my way to discovering what I really had to say, and how to say it in the best way I can. Now, I find that I have some somewhat disgruntled collectors. They liked the “Blue Planet Series,” my nod to environmental issues and things like outer space! (Many of those paintings could have been science fiction covers and they run the gamut: one has sold out in print form, yet I still own the original; another was fawned over for several months, hung in my foyer for several years and now resides ignominiously rolled up in a tube.) Then there were the wildlife paintings. I started doing them because my husband and I were doing a lot of deep-sea fishing on our boat and others, and he wanted a “fish painting.” Well, one led to another and then the wading birds showed up, and then I got asked to participate in a very prestigious wildlife art show – for three years. But I found that I really couldn’t approach the critters with the same interest after awhile. I am not, as most wildlife artists are, a photorealistic painter. My critters were always a little offbeat, and in the end, they were created with series of squares like all my other paintings were. Which brings me to where I am now: after the requisite 10,000 hours Malcolm Gladwell postulates, I DID find my voice. It resides in large scale geometric cityscapes and architectural abstracts, all created with thousands of colorful squares and lines. I love these things, and so do a LOT of people who have started collecting them. I can’t run out of subject material, even though I only paint places I’ve actually been to, because I’ve traveled and lived all over the country, and the world (except for Russia, China, Japan and Australia). So I’ve got a lot of material to work with and I love doing it. I’m working on a request list as I speak. So, how, then, to respond to collectors who still come around, hoping to see those magical planets and mystical birds? I can’t dismiss that work, because I liked it too at the time, and they own some of it. But I also can’t go there any more. For anyone who has ever looked at an artist and said, “can’t you just paint another one just like it?” – no, not really; at least it’s a lot harder than you might imagine. So, here I am, happily painting away, wondering how to be a sensitive respondent to those who may not like the new work as well, and wish for other times.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2367
__label__cc	0.689967	0.310033	Home » Publications » Exploring the Impact of Dust on North Atlantic Hurricanes in a High-Resolution Climate Model Exploring the Impact of Dust on North Atlantic Hurricanes in a High-Resolution Climate Model Kevin A. Reed - Stony Brook University Julio T. Bacmeister - National Center for Atmospheric Research Jacob A. Huff - Stony Brook University Xiaoning Wu - Stony Brook University Susan C. Bates - National Center for Atmospheric Research Nan A. Rosenbloom - National Center for Atmospheric Research Title Exploring the Impact of Dust on North Atlantic Hurricanes in a High-Resolution Climate Model Authors Reed, Kevin A., Bacmeister Julio T., Huff Jacob A., Wu Xiaoning, Bates Susan C., and Rosenbloom Nan A. Journal Geophysical Research Letters Abstract / Summary The relationship between African dust and the climatology of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the North Atlantic is explored using the Community Atmosphere Model at a global horizontal resolution of 28 km. A simulation in which the aerosol model is modified to significantly reduce the amount of airborne dust is compared to a standard simulation. The simulation with reduced dust increases TC frequency globally, with the largest increase occurring in the North Atlantic. The increase in TC activity in the North Atlantic is consistent with an environment that is more conducive for the genesis and intensification of storms. TCs are more frequent (27%) and on average significantly longer lived (13%) in the low dust configuration but only slightly stronger (3%). This results in a 57% increase in accumulated cyclone energy per hurricane season on average. This work has implications for projections of future climate and resulting changes in TC activity. URL http://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl080642 DOI 10.1029/2018gl080642 An Integrated Evaluation of the Simulated Hydroclimate System of the Continental US A Framework for Improving Analysis and Modeling of Earth System and Intersectoral Dynamics at Regional Scales (HyperFACETS) Regional & Global Model Analysis, MultiSector Dynamics Journal: Geophysical Research Letters URL: http://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl080642 DOI: 10.1029/2018gl080642 Reed, KA, JT Bacmeister, JA Huff, X Wu, SC Bates, and NA Rosenbloom. 2019. "Exploring the Impact of Dust on North Atlantic Hurricanes in a High-Resolution Climate Model." Geophysical Research Letters 46(2): 1105-1112. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl080642.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2377
__label__wiki	0.91167	0.91167	Trad Group Award Clongowes Traditional Irish Music Group Receive Award from Trócaire. The Clongowes Wood College Traditional Irish music group has received a Special Recognition award from Trócaire in appreciation for their fundraising activities. The group has raised almost €1,500 as part of the ‘Trad for Trócaire’ campaign. Traditional Irish music brings people together in a very positive way and the Clongowes group are firmly established participants in this wonderful event. Started in 2008 by Clongowes music teacher, Catherine Heslin, the Clongowes ‘Trad Group’ is a collaboration of students from all year groups as well as staff members. Trad for Trócaire is a national fundraising campaign promoting Irish music as a way of raising money for Trócaire’s overseas development work. As active participants in the campaign for some years, the Clongowes Trad Group was invited to launch the Trad for Trócaire campaign in both 2014 and 2015. The Clongowes Trad Group is is made up of musicians playing a variety of musical instruments including the fiddle, flute, tin whistle, guitar, banjo, mandolin, cajón and bodhrán. The group meets once a week to rehearse and they are regular performers at school events as well as outside of the college. Katie Bolger Community Fundraising Assistant at Trócaire presented the award to Catherine Heslin on behalf of the group, in a charming ceremony that included several sets of jigs and reels from the musicians followed by refreshments for all. Afterwards Katie said: ‘Every year, Clongowes Wood goes above and beyond to support the Trad for Trócaire campaign and it was only right to support this fantastic group led by such an inspiring teacher. Trócaire is more than grateful for the support of the school over the years.’ Chris Lumb, Headmaster at Clongowes Wood College said: ‘It’s a great honour for the school to receive an award from Trócaire. We are all very proud of the Trad Group at Clongowes and how they have worked hard to raise money for those less fortunate.’ The Clongowes Trad Group’s next outing will be to Connolly’s of Ballagh after the Easter break. Watch this space for the date and come along and enjoy the music. Pictured above are (standing) Mr Stephen O’Hara, Jack Savage, Robbie Savage, Ms Catherine Heslin, Mr Noel Mason (behind), Mr Chris Lumb, (Headmaster) Ms Katie Bolger (Trócaire), Hugh Farrell, John Maher, Mr Shane Heslin with (seated) Rory MacGabhann, Sean Brogan, Fred Sargaison, Sean O’Grady and Roy Jones. MORE PICTURES COURTESY OF MR DAVID NELSON PreviousPrevious post:John Paul II AwardsNextNext post:Choral Success	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2378
__label__wiki	0.97207	0.97207	HATHAWAY BROWN HATHAWAY BROWN, the oldest surviving private girls' school in the Cleveland area, was founded in 1876 as an adjunct to the BROOKS MILITARY SCHOOL, the foremost private school for boys at the time. Its original name was the Brooks School for Ladies. The school was proprietary in nature and had several owners, including Miss Anne Hathaway Brown. Although Brown sold the school after only four years (in 1890), during her tenure the school developed a reputation for providing quality education for young women. The school continued to prosper under the direction of other headmistresses, including Miss Mary Elizabeth Raymond (1912-38) and Miss Ann Cutter Coburn (1938-68). The school's early mission was two-fold: to prepare upper-class women for a career in society and to equip them with well-trained minds. Grades kindergarten through twelve were offered. The most prominent of its early buildings was erected in 1905 on Logan (East 97th) Street through a substantial gift by FLORA STONE MATHER. In 1927, the school moved to its present location at 19600 North Park Boulevard in SHAKER HTS.. The move was made at the behest of the VAN SWERINGEN brothers, who hoped that Hathaway Brown and other private schools would help attract upper class residents to their new community. At present (2007), the school offers a coeducational Early Childhood Program for three, four, and five-year-olds. Hathaway Brown's educational program emphasizes college preparation, offering Advanced Placement and college level coursework in math, science, English, history, and art, still closely following the school's original motto, non scholae sed vitae dicimus ("we learn not for school, but for life"). One hundred percent of its graduates attend four-year colleges or universities after graduation. Since 1985, the school has received the prestigious "Excellence in English" Award several times, and the Exemplary Foreign Language Award. The school established a fully equipped woodworking laboratory in 1993, a new middle school complex in 2001, and the Carol and John Butler Aquatic Center in 2005. The current Head of School is H. William Christ. View image in Digital Cleveland Starts Here® Needham, Ruth Crofut, and Ruth Strong Hudson. The First Hundred Years: Hathaway Brown School (1977). Women and Women's Issues http://www.hb.edu/page.cfm?p=356	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2383
__label__cc	0.742031	0.257969	Press Release: Catoctin Creek Awarded 2018 TripAdvisor Certificate of Excellence Fourth Year Recognized as a Top Performing Attraction as Reviewed by Travelers on the World’s Largest Travel Site Purcellville, Virginia – May 25, 2018 – Catoctin Creek Distillery today announced that, for the fourth year in a row, it has received a TripAdvisor® Certificate of Excellence. Now in its sixth year, the achievement celebrates hospitality businesses that have earned great traveler reviews on TripAdvisor over the past year. Certificate of Excellence recipients include accommodations, eateries and attractions located all over the world that have continually delivered a quality customer experience. “Winning the TripAdvisor Certificate of Excellence is a true source of pride for the entire team at Catoctin Creek, and we’d like to thank all of our guests who took the time to complete a review on TripAdvisor,” said Denise Petty, Tasting Room Manager at Catoctin Creek. “There is no greater seal of approval than being recognized by one’s own customers. With the TripAdvisor Certificate of Excellence based on customer reviews, the accolade is a remarkable vote of confidence to our business and our continued commitment to excellence.” "With the Certificate of Excellence, TripAdvisor honors hospitality businesses that have consistently received strong praise and ratings from travelers,” said Heather Leisman, Vice President of Industry Marketing, TripAdvisor. “This recognition helps travelers identify and book properties that regularly deliver great service. TripAdvisor is proud to play this integral role in helping travelers feel more confident in their booking decisions.” The Certificate of Excellence accounts for the quality, quantity and recency of reviews submitted by travelers on TripAdvisor over a 12-month period. To qualify, a business must maintain an overall TripAdvisor bubble rating of at least four out of five, have a minimum number of reviews and must have been listed on TripAdvisor for at least 12 months. About Catoctin Creek Distilling Company: Catoctin Creek Distilling Company (120 West Main Street, Purcellville, VA 20132; Phone: 540-751-8404; Twitter: @CatoctinCreek) is the first distillery in Loudoun County, Virginia since before prohibition. Certified kosher, and family owned and operated, Catoctin Creek produces premium Virginia spirits: rye whisky and gin from sources, and seasonal brandy from Virginia wines. For media-related inquiries, please contact Scott Harris at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. or for more information on Catoctin Creek Distilling Company please visit www.catoctincreek.com. About TripAdvisor: TripAdvisor® is the world's largest travel site, enabling travelers to plan and book the perfect trip. TripAdvisor offers advice from millions of travelers and a wide variety of travel choices and planning features with seamless links to booking tools that check hundreds of websites to find the best hotel prices. TripAdvisor branded sites make up the largest travel community in the world, reaching 340 million unique monthly visitors, and 350 million reviews and opinions covering 6.5 million accommodations, restaurants and attractions. The sites operate in 48 markets worldwide. Source: comScore Media Metrix for TripAdvisor Sites, worldwide, February 2016 **Source: TripAdvisor log files, Q1 2016	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2385
__label__cc	0.7315	0.2685	home Biography Cobie Smulders Husband, Age, Net Worth, Wiki, Kids, Movies and TV Shows Cobie Smulders Husband, Age, Net Worth, Wiki, Kids, Movies and TV Shows Sam R Published On Wed Jan 23 2019 Modified On Sun Mar 24 2019 Facts of Jacoba Francisca Maria Full Name Jacoba Francisca Maria Birth Name Cobie Smulders Profession Model, Actress Nationality Canadian Ethnicity mixed(Dutch and English). Birth City Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Spouse Taran Killam Sibilings 7 Education University of Victoria. Date of Birth April 3,1982 Body Stat of Jacoba Francisca Maria What is Jacoba Francisca Maria marital status ? Married Who is Jacoba Francisca Maria married with? Taran Killam Cobie Smulders is a Canadian model and actress who is well known for her role as the Scotch-drinking Canadian journalist, Robin Scherbatsky in the sitcom How I Met Your Mother (2005–2014). Also, she has won the EWwy Award(2013) for ‘Best Supporting Actress’ and nominated for People’s Choice Award (2014) for ‘Favorite TV Gal Pals’. She worth $25 million at present. Cobie Smulders’ Biography Cobie Smulders was born on April 3, 1982, in Vancouver, Canada with the birth name Jacoba Francisca Maria. Regarding her family, she has seven siblings three brothers Mark, Adam, and Scott and four sisters Amy, Julie, Melissa, and Fiona. Cobie Smulders in her Childhood Furthermore, Smulder enrolled at Lord Byng Secondary School and graduated from the University of Victoria. What is the age of Cobie Smulders, as of 2019? As of 2019, she has reached the age of 36 and has the sun sign Aries, which defines her personality as energetic and courageous. Cobie Smulders’ Body Statistics and Age Age: As of 2019, she is 36 years old. Body Measurements: Being a Model, Smulder has maintained a slim body built with the perfect measurements of 34-23-33 inches. Height: She stands at a tall height of 5 feet 8 inches or 173 cm. Weight: Similarly, her weight is 64kg or 141 lbs. Eyes Color: Smulder has an attractive blue eyes color which describes her personality to be the very calm type of person. Hair Color: She has short hair with naturally dark brown color. Shoe Size: She wears 8 (US) shoe size. Who is Cobie Smulders married to? Cobie Smulders is happily married to Taran Killam. The couple met for the first time in January 2009. After seven years of dating, they tied a knot on September 8, 2012, in Solvang, California. Date night! Thanks so much to @zacposen for the lovely frock! A post shared by Cobie Smulders (@cobiesmulders) on Jun 6, 2017 at 7:36am PDT The couple is blessed with two children; their first child a daughter Shaelyn born on May 16, 2009, and second child a little boy born in January 2015. She lives in New York City, New York with her husband and children. What is the net worth of Cobie Smulders at present? A Canadian actress, Cobie Smulders has a net worth of $25 million. She has earned thousands of dollars from her career. While working on the series How I Met Your Mother, she earned a salary of $225 thousand per episode. She has worked in several movies and most of her movies have earned a huge amount in the box office. Some of them are listed below. Avengers: Age of Ultron- $1.405 billion Avengers: Infinity War- $2.048 billion Captain America: The Winter Soldier- $714.3 million She and her husband own a house three-bedroom, three-bathroom penthouse, which they bought for $2.07 million in 2011. Similarly, the couple owns a condo, which nearly worth around $4 million. She lives a luxurious life with her family. Cobie Smulders’ Career Cobie Smulders started her acting career after her higher school. Her first appearance series ‘Jeremiah’ in 2002. The following year, she was cast in the lead role of Juliet Droil in the drama ‘Veritas: The Quest’. Also, she did the movie ‘Walking Tall’ in 2004. Smulders did movies like ‘The Long Weekend’ and ‘The Slammin’ Salmon’ (2009). After that, she played Maria Hill in ‘Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.’ between 2013 and 2015. Moreover, Cobie Smulders appeared in the comedy-drama ‘The Intervention’ in 2016. In 2017, she appeared in eight episodes of ‘A Series of Unfortunate Events’ as well as in the movies ‘Killing Gunther’ and ‘Literally, Right Before Aaron’. In the same year, she also performed on stage in the play ‘Present Laughter’. Smulders began playing the role of Lisa Turner in ‘Friends from College’. Her most recent work was in the 2018 superhero movie, Avengers: Infinity War, where she had an uncredited cameo as Maria Hill. Also, she starred in the film, The Avengers in the year 2012. The movie starred Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, and Mark Ruffalo, among others. Click Here To Know Angelica Zachary, Morgan Hultgren, and Dylan Kingwell. Angelica Zachary Dylan Kingwell Morgan Hultgren Amai Zackary Wayans Bio, Age, Wiki, Height, Instagram, Pictures, Family, Wife, Cousins Wed Feb 13 2019 Morgan Hultgren Bio, Age, Height, Body Measurements, Net Worth, Boyfriend. Sun Dec 02 2018 Bella Zahra Murphy Bio, Age, Wiki, Family, Siblings, Career, Net Worth Dylan Kingwell’s Biography With Age, Career, Net Worth, Height, Family & Girlfriend Mon Jan 21 2019 Keven Undergaro Bio, Age, Height, Net Worth, Wedding, Wife Shazad Latif Age, Height, Married, Girlfriend, Weight, Net Worth Thu Feb 28 2019 Emmanuel Hostin Biography, Age, Ethnicity, Nationality, Net Worth, Parents Tue Jan 08 2019 Tamlyn Tomita Bio, Wiki, Age, Height, Net Worth, Career, Movies, Married, Husband, Family Thorsten Kaye Age, Net Worth, Family, Bio, Wiki, Height, Married, Children Wed Mar 27 2019 Meet StartUp Actress Reina Hardesty: Bio, Age, Height, Net Worth, Dating, Boyfriend Who Is Angelica Zachary? Her Biography With Personal Life, Career, Net Worth, And Movies Wed Nov 14 2018 Bill Engvall Age, Wiki, Career, Affairs and Net Worth Wed Jul 18 2018	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2387
__label__cc	0.642396	0.357604	‘Do It For Real’ industry experience lies at the heart of Confetti’s courses – offering ambitious students hundreds of opportunities to gain real industry experience. Expect assignments set by the industry, in-house showcase events, internships and a host of freelance opportunities. With a record label, TV station, film & post-production company all part of the Confetti Media Group family – no one does industry links quite like we do. That level of exposure, experience and talent development places you ahead of the game – ensuring the very best chances of employment when you graduate from Confetti. Confetti’s Industry Week is the only event of its kind in the UK – giving students a real insight into the industries they aspire to join – with tips, tricks and insider knowledge to help them on their way to getting job-ready. Each year we go off timetable for a week of workshops, lectures and masterclasses given by names from across Film, TV, Music and Games. Confetti founder and CEO Craig Chettle reflects on how Industry Week has developed over the years and why it’s such a unique opportunity for our students: “We are heading towards 15 years of Industry Week and it gets more exciting for all involved each year. Our tutors hand-pick the guests for their relevance to our students and they represent the very best of the UK’s creative industries”. Confetti has welcomed guests including: BAFTA-winning animators Aardman Animations, BBC Music producer Andy Rogers, Glastonbury founder Michael Eavis, BAFTA-winner Vicky McClure, Professor Green and legendary documentary filmmaker Nick Broomfield. Find out more about our industry links:	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2390
__label__wiki	0.9446	0.9446	115 (2017-2018) 105 (1997-1998) Subject — Policy Area : Armed Forces and National Security Bills (H.R. or S.) 1. H.R.7138 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Accelerating Veterans Recovery Outdoors Act Sponsor: Rep. Smith, Christopher H. [R-NJ-4] (Introduced 11/15/2018) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 11/15/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Health. (All Actions) Tracker: 2. H.R.6572 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Homeless Veterans Community Care Act of 2018 Sponsor: Rep. Smith, Christopher H. [R-NJ-4] (Introduced 07/26/2018) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs, Financial Services Latest Action: House - 07/26/2018 Referred to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs, and in addition to the Committee on Financial Services, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee... (All Actions) Tracker: 3. H.R.6101 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) VA Personnel Equity Act of 2018 Sponsor: Rep. Fitzpatrick, Brian K. [R-PA-8] (Introduced 06/14/2018) Cosponsors: (3) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs, Oversight and Government Reform Latest Action: House - 06/14/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Economic Opportunity. (All Actions) Tracker: 4. H.R.5588 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) To direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to seek to enter into an agreement with the city of Vallejo, California, for the transfer of Mare Island Naval Cemetery in Vallejo, California, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Rep. Thompson, Mike [D-CA-5] (Introduced 04/23/2018) Cosponsors: (82) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 04/23/2018 Referred to the House Committee on Veterans' Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 5. H.R.4793 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Pay Our Troops Act of 2018 Sponsor: Rep. Norman, Ralph [R-SC-5] (Introduced 01/16/2018) Cosponsors: (4) Committees: House - Appropriations Latest Action: House - 01/16/2018 Referred to the House Committee on Appropriations. (All Actions) Tracker: 6. H.R.4321 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Blast Exposure Protection Act of 2017 Sponsor: Rep. Velazquez, Nydia M. [D-NY-7] (Introduced 11/09/2017) Cosponsors: (33) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 11/09/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 7. H.R.4320 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Hear our Heroes Act of 2017 Sponsor: Rep. Velazquez, Nydia M. [D-NY-7] (Introduced 11/09/2017) Cosponsors: (35) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 11/09/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 8. H.R.3218 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Harry W. Colmery Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2017 Sponsor: Rep. Roe, David P. [R-TN-1] (Introduced 07/13/2017) Cosponsors: (121) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs, Armed Services Committee Reports: H. Rept. 115-247 Latest Action: 08/16/2017 Became Public Law No: 115-48. (TXT \| PDF) (All Actions) Tracker: 9. H.R.2740 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Rabbi Michoel Ber Weissmandl Congressional Gold Medal Act of 2017 (sic) Sponsor: Rep. Velazquez, Nydia M. [D-NY-7] (Introduced 05/25/2017) Cosponsors: (296) Committees: House - Financial Services \| Senate - Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 11/14/2018 Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 10. H.R.2652 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Veteran Overmedication Prevention Act of 2017 Sponsor: Rep. Coffman, Mike [R-CO-6] (Introduced 05/25/2017) Cosponsors: (34) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 05/25/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Health. (All Actions) Tracker: 11. H.R.2358 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Chinese American World War II Veterans Congressional Gold Medal Act Sponsor: Rep. Royce, Edward R. [R-CA-39] (Introduced 05/04/2017) Cosponsors: (306) Committees: House - Financial Services, House Administration Latest Action: House - 05/04/2017 Referred to the Committee on Financial Services, and in addition to the Committee on House Administration, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee... (All Actions) Tracker: 12. H.R.1796 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Lift the Relocation Burden from Military Spouses Act Sponsor: Rep. Stefanik, Elise M. [R-NY-21] (Introduced 03/29/2017) Cosponsors: (39) Committees: House - Armed Services Latest Action: House - 04/12/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Military Personnel. (All Actions) Tracker: 13. H.R.1749 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) VET CARE Act of 2017 Sponsor: Rep. Bilirakis, Gus M. [R-FL-12] (Introduced 03/28/2017) Cosponsors: (6) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 03/28/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Health. (All Actions) Tracker: 14. H.R.1472 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Military and Veteran Caregiver Services Improvement Act of 2017 Sponsor: Rep. Langevin, James R. [D-RI-2] (Introduced 03/09/2017) Cosponsors: (94) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs, Armed Services, Oversight and Government Reform, Energy and Commerce Latest Action: House - 04/05/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Military Personnel. (All Actions) Tracker: 15. H.R.1243 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) BEST Practices Act Sponsor: Rep. Johnson, Henry C. "Hank," Jr. [D-GA-4] (Introduced 02/28/2017) Cosponsors: (150) Committees: House - Armed Services Latest Action: House - 03/23/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities. (All Actions) Tracker: 16. H.R.846 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Military Surviving Spouses Equity Act Sponsor: Rep. Wilson, Joe [R-SC-2] (Introduced 02/03/2017) Cosponsors: (271) Committees: House - Armed Services Latest Action: House - 02/24/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Military Personnel. (All Actions) Tracker: 17. H.R.667 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Merrill's Marauders Congressional Gold Medal Act Sponsor: Rep. King, Peter T. [R-NY-2] (Introduced 01/24/2017) Cosponsors: (26) Committees: House - Financial Services, House Administration Latest Action: House - 01/24/2017 Referred to the Committee on Financial Services, and in addition to the Committee on House Administration, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee... (All Actions) Tracker: 18. H.R.303 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Retired Pay Restoration Act Sponsor: Rep. Bilirakis, Gus M. [R-FL-12] (Introduced 01/05/2017) Cosponsors: (98) Committees: House - Armed Services, Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 02/21/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Military Personnel. (All Actions) Tracker: 19. H.R.299 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans Act of 2017 Sponsor: Rep. Valadao, David G. [R-CA-21] (Introduced 01/05/2017) Cosponsors: (330) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs \| Senate - Veterans' Affairs Committee Reports: H. Rept. 115-680 Latest Action: Senate - 08/01/2018 Committee on Veterans' Affairs. Hearings held. (All Actions) Tracker: 20. H.R.4609 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Veterans Personal Security Act Sponsor: Rep. Frelinghuysen, Rodney P. [R-NJ-11] (Introduced 09/23/1998) Cosponsors: (5) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 09/28/1998 Referred to the Subcommittee on Health. (All Actions) Tracker: 21. H.R.4368 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Justice for Atomic Veterans Act of 1998 Sponsor: Rep. Evans, Lane [D-IL-17] (Introduced 07/31/1998) Cosponsors: (11) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 08/12/1998 Referred to the Subcommittee on Benefits. (All Actions) Tracker: 22. H.R.4367 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) To amend title 38, United States Code, to authorize the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to provide priority health care to veterans who received one or more nasopharyngeal radium irradiation treatments during active military, naval, or air service. Sponsor: Rep. Evans, Lane [D-IL-17] (Introduced 07/31/1998) Cosponsors: (11) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 08/12/1998 Referred to the Subcommittee on Health. (All Actions) Tracker: 23. H.R.4110 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Veterans Programs Enhancement Act of 1998 Sponsor: Rep. Stump, Bob [R-AZ-3] (Introduced 06/23/1998) Cosponsors: (18) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs \| Senate - Veterans' Affairs Committee Reports: H. Rept. 105-627 Latest Action: 11/11/1998 Became Public Law No: 105-368. (TXT \| PDF) (All Actions) Tracker: 24. H.R.3980 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Persian Gulf War Veterans Health Care and Research Act of 1998 Sponsor: Rep. Stearns, Cliff [R-FL-6] (Introduced 06/03/1998) Cosponsors: (43) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs \| Senate - Veterans' Affairs Committee Reports: H. Rept. 105-626 Latest Action: 10/10/1998 See H.R.4110. (All Actions) Tracker: 25. H.R.3948 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) To maintain health care coverage for veterans by the Department of Veterans Affairs for tobacco related illnesses, and to provide for additional authorization of appropriations for the Department. Sponsor: Rep. Klink, Ron [D-PA-4] (Introduced 05/22/1998) Cosponsors: (40) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 05/22/1998 Referred to the House Committee on Veterans' Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 26. H.R.3828 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Veterans Medicare Access Improvement Act of 1998 Sponsor: Rep. Thomas, William M. [R-CA-21] (Introduced 05/12/1998) Cosponsors: (92) Committees: House - Ways and Means, Veterans' Affairs, Commerce Committee Reports: H. Rept. 105-793 Latest Action: House - 10/20/1998 Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 464. (All Actions) Tracker: 27. H.R.3233 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Historic Battleship Preservation Act Sponsor: Rep. Pappas, Michael [R-NJ-12] (Introduced 02/12/1998) Cosponsors: (12) Committees: House - National Security Latest Action: House - 03/13/1998 Referred to the Subcommittee on Military Procurement. (All Actions) Tracker: 28. H.R.3211 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Arlington National Cemetery Burial Eligibility Act Sponsor: Rep. Stump, Bob [R-AZ-3] (Introduced 02/12/1998) Cosponsors: (91) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs \| Senate - Veterans' Affairs Committee Reports: H. Rept. 105-458 Latest Action: Senate - 03/25/1998 Received in the Senate and read twice and referred to the Committee on Veterans Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: Array ( [actionDate] => 1998-03-24 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 412 - 0 (Roll No. 65). [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Passed House ) 29. H.R.3107 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) To amend title 10, United States Code, to provide for termination of a military retiree's required contributions to the military Survivor Benefit Plan after the retiree has made contributions for 30 years and has attained age 70. Sponsor: Rep. Saxton, Jim [R-NJ-3] (Introduced 01/27/1998) Cosponsors: (27) Committees: House - National Security Latest Action: House - 03/19/1998 Referred to the Subcommittee on Military Personnel. (All Actions) Tracker: 30. H.R.3039 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Veterans Transitional Housing Opportunities Act of 1998 Sponsor: Rep. Stump, Bob [R-AZ-3] (Introduced 11/13/1997) Cosponsors: (12) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs \| Senate - Veterans' Affairs Committee Reports: H. Rept. 105-447 Latest Action: 10/10/1998 See H.R.4110. (All Actions) Tracker: 31. H.R.2786 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Theater Missile Defense Improvement Act of 1998 Sponsor: Rep. Weldon, Curt [R-PA-7] (Introduced 10/31/1997) Cosponsors: (111) Committees: House - National Security, International Relations \| Senate - Armed Services Committee Reports: H. Rept. 105-468 Latest Action: Senate - 03/31/1998 Received in the Senate and read twice and referred to the Committee on Armed Services. (All Actions) Tracker: Array ( [actionDate] => 1998-03-26 [displayText] => Reported (Amended) by the Committee on National Security. H. Rept. 105-468, Part I. [externalActionCode] => 5000 [description] => Introduced ) 32. H.R.2459 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Landmine Elimination Act of 1997 Sponsor: Rep. Evans, Lane [D-IL-17] (Introduced 09/11/1997) Cosponsors: (192) Committees: House - National Security, International Relations Latest Action: House - 10/03/1997 Executive Comment Requested from DOD. (All Actions) Tracker: 33. H.R.2220 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Dependency and Indemnity Compensation Restoration Act of 1997 Sponsor: Rep. Smith, Christopher H. [R-NJ-4] (Introduced 07/22/1997) Cosponsors: (3) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: 07/24/1997 Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (CR E1507-1508) (All Actions) Tracker: 34. H.R.2206 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Veterans Health Programs Improvement Act of 1997 Sponsor: Rep. Stearns, Cliff [R-FL-6] (Introduced 07/22/1997) Cosponsors: (9) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs \| Senate - Veterans' Affairs Committee Reports: H. Rept. 105-293 Latest Action: Senate - 10/07/1997 Received in the Senate and read twice and referred to the Committee on Veterans Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 35. H.R.2040 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) To amend title 38, United States Code, to deny burial in a federally funded cemetery to persons convicted of certain capital crimes. Sponsor: Rep. Stump, Bob [R-AZ-3] (Introduced 06/25/1997) Cosponsors: (18) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 07/09/1997 Committee Hearings Held. (All Actions) Tracker: 36. H.R.1766 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) To amend title 10, United States Code, to establish a demonstration project to evaluate the feasibility of using the Federal Employees Health Benefits program to ensure the availability of adequate health care for Medicare-eligible beneficiaries under the military health care system. Sponsor: Rep. Moran, James P. [D-VA-8] (Introduced 06/03/1997) Cosponsors: (292) Committees: House - Government Reform and Oversight, National Security Latest Action: House - 11/10/1997 Unfavorable Executive Comment Received from DOD. (All Actions) Tracker: 37. H.R.1703 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Department of Veterans Affairs Employment Discrimination Resolution and Adjudication Act Sponsor: Rep. Everett, Terry [R-AL-2] (Introduced 05/22/1997) Cosponsors: (15) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs \| Senate - Veterans' Affairs Committee Reports: H. Rept. 105-292 Latest Action: Senate - 10/07/1997 Received in the Senate and read twice and referred to the Committee on Veterans Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 38. H.R.1559 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Military Recruit Training Policy Restoration Act of 1997 Sponsor: Rep. Bartlett, Roscoe G. [R-MD-6] (Introduced 05/08/1997) Cosponsors: (121) Committees: House - National Security Latest Action: House - 06/04/1997 Unfavorable Executive Comment Received from DOD. (All Actions) Tracker: 39. H.R.1426 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Veterans Cold Weather Injury Compensation Act Sponsor: Rep. Smith, Christopher H. [R-NJ-4] (Introduced 04/23/1997) Cosponsors: (10) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 04/29/1997 Referred to the Subcommittee on Benefits. (All Actions) Tracker: 40. H.R.1399 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Veterans Cold Weather Injury Compensation Act Sponsor: Rep. Smith, Christopher H. [R-NJ-4] (Introduced 04/17/1997) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 04/23/1997 Referred to the Subcommittee on Benefits. (All Actions) Tracker: 41. H.R.1362 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Veterans Medicare Reimbursement Demonstration Act of 1997 Sponsor: Rep. Stump, Bob [R-AZ-3] (Introduced 04/17/1997) Cosponsors: (140) Committees: House - Ways and Means, Commerce, Veterans' Affairs Committee Reports: H. Rept. 105-186 Latest Action: 08/01/1997 Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (All Actions) Tracker: 42. H.R.1356 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) To amend title 10, United States Code, to permit beneficiaries of the military health care system to enroll in Federal employees health benefits plans; to improve health care benefits under the CHAMPUS and TRICARE Standard, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Rep. Watts, J. C., Jr. [R-OK-4] (Introduced 04/16/1997) Cosponsors: (90) Committees: House - National Security, Government Reform and Oversight Latest Action: House - 11/10/1997 Unfavorable Executive Comment Received from DOD. (All Actions) Tracker: 43. H.R.1156 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) To provide for greater equity in the allocation by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs of amounts appropriated for medical care programs of the Department of Veterans Affairs for the next two fiscal years and for other purposes related to the needs of veterans medical care. Sponsor: Rep. Frelinghuysen, Rodney P. [R-NJ-11] (Introduced 03/20/1997) Cosponsors: (18) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 04/02/1997 Referred to the Subcommittee on Health. (All Actions) Tracker: 44. H.R.1126 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Merchant Mariners Fairness Act of 1997 Sponsor: Rep. Evans, Lane [D-IL-17] (Introduced 03/19/1997) Cosponsors: (337) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 03/19/1997 Referred to the House Committee on Veterans' Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 45. H.R.1092 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) To amend title 38, United States Code, to extend the authority of the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to enter into enhanced-use leases for Department of Veterans Affairs property, to rename the United States Court of Veterans Appeals and the National Cemetery System, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Rep. Stump, Bob [R-AZ-3] (Introduced 03/18/1997) Cosponsors: (29) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs \| Senate - Veterans' Affairs Committee Reports: H. Rept. 105-47 Latest Action: 10/10/1998 See H.R.4110. (All Actions) Tracker: Array ( [actionDate] => 1997-04-09 [displayText] => Reported by the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. H. Rept. 105-47. [externalActionCode] => 5000 [description] => Introduced ) 46. H.R.1090 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) To amend title 38, United States Code, to allow revision of veterans benefits decisions based on clear and unmistakable error. Sponsor: Rep. Evans, Lane [D-IL-17] (Introduced 03/18/1997) Cosponsors: (46) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs \| Senate - Veterans' Affairs Committee Reports: H. Rept. 105-52 Latest Action: 11/21/1997 Became Public Law No: 105-111. (TXT \| PDF) (All Actions) Tracker: 47. H.R.1008 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) To amend title 38, United States Code, to authorize the provision of funds in order to provide financial assistance by grant or contract to legal assistance entities for representation of financially needy veterans in connection with proceedings before the United States Court of Veterans Appeals. Sponsor: Rep. Fox, Jon D. [R-PA-13] (Introduced 03/11/1997) Cosponsors: (9) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 03/21/1997 Referred to the Subcommittee on Benefits. (All Actions) Tracker: 48. H.R.1007 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) To amend title 38, United States Code, to authorize the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to offer a loan guaranteed by an adjustable rate mortgage under chapter 37 of such title. Sponsor: Rep. Fox, Jon D. [R-PA-13] (Introduced 03/11/1997) Cosponsors: (25) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 03/21/1997 Referred to the Subcommittee on Benefits. (All Actions) Tracker: 49. H.R.925 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Payoffs-for-Layoffs Corporate Welfare Elimination Act of 1997 Sponsor: Rep. Smith, Christopher H. [R-NJ-4] (Introduced 03/05/1997) Cosponsors: (42) Committees: House - National Security Latest Action: House - 04/15/1997 Unfavorable Executive Comment Received from DOD. (All Actions) Tracker: 50. H.R.836 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Filipino Veterans Equity Act of 1995 (sic) Sponsor: Rep. Gilman, Benjamin A. [R-NY-20] (Introduced 02/26/1997) Cosponsors: (209) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: 10/07/1998 Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (All Actions) Tracker: 51. H.R.648 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Boeing-McDonnell Douglas Corporate Welfare Elimination Act of 1997 Sponsor: Rep. Sanders, Bernard [I-VT-At Large] (Introduced 02/06/1997) Cosponsors: (11) Committees: House - National Security Latest Action: House - 07/17/1997 Unfavorable Executive Comment Received from DOD. (All Actions) Tracker: 52. H.R.559 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) To amend title 38, United States Code, to add bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma to the list of diseases presumed to be service-connected for certain radiation-exposed veterans. Sponsor: Rep. Smith, Christopher H. [R-NJ-4] (Introduced 02/04/1997) Cosponsors: (6) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 10/15/1998 Received in the Senate. (All Actions) Tracker: 53. H.R.543 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) To provide for award of the Navy Combat Action Ribbon based upon participation in ground or surface combat as a member of the Navy or Marine Corps during the period between July 4, 1943, and March 1, 1961. Sponsor: Rep. McNulty, Michael R. [D-NY-21] (Introduced 02/04/1997) Cosponsors: (96) Committees: House - National Security Latest Action: House - 02/19/1997 Executive Comment Requested from DOD. (All Actions) Tracker: 54. H.R.414 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Uniformed Services Medicare Subvention Program Act Sponsor: Rep. Hefley, Joel [R-CO-5] (Introduced 01/09/1997) Cosponsors: (198) Committees: House - Ways and Means, Commerce, National Security Latest Action: House - 02/03/1997 Executive Comment Requested from DOD. (All Actions) Tracker: 55. H.R.409 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) To amend title 10, United States Code, to restore the provisions of chapter 76 of that title (relating to missing persons) as in effect before the amendments made by the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997. Sponsor: Rep. Gilman, Benjamin A. [R-NY-20] (Introduced 01/09/1997) Cosponsors: (100) Committees: House - National Security Latest Action: 11/06/1997 See H.R.1119. (All Actions) Tracker: 56. H.R.303 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) To amend title 38, United States Code, to permit retired members of the Armed Forces who have service-connected disabilities to receive compensation from the Department of Veterans Affairs concurrently with retired pay, without deduction from either. Sponsor: Rep. Bilirakis, Michael [R-FL-9] (Introduced 01/07/1997) Cosponsors: (146) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 01/07/1997 Referred to the House Committee on Veterans' Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 57. H.R.192 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Uniformed Services Medicare Subvention Demonstration Project Act Sponsor: Rep. Hefley, Joel [R-CO-5] (Introduced 01/07/1997) Cosponsors: (233) Committees: House - Ways and Means, Commerce, National Security Latest Action: House - 02/03/1997 Referred to the Subcommittee on Military Personnel. (All Actions) Tracker: 58. H.R.165 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Military Survivors Equity Act of 1997 Sponsor: Rep. Filner, Bob [D-CA-50] (Introduced 01/07/1997) Cosponsors: (70) Committees: House - National Security Latest Action: 06/06/1997 Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (All Actions) Tracker: 59. H.R.76 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Health Care Commitment Act Sponsor: Rep. Moran, James P. [D-VA-8] (Introduced 01/07/1997) Cosponsors: (138) Committees: House - National Security, Government Reform and Oversight Latest Action: House - 02/03/1997 Executive Comment Requested from DOD. (All Actions) Tracker: 60. H.R.65 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) Military Retirement Equity Act of 1997 Sponsor: Rep. Bilirakis, Michael [R-FL-9] (Introduced 01/07/1997) Cosponsors: (139) Committees: House - National Security Latest Action: House - 02/03/1997 Executive Comment Requested from DOD. (All Actions) Tracker: 61. H.R.44 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) To amend title 10, United States Code, to provide limited authority for concurrent payment of retired pay and veterans' disability compensation for certain disabled veterans. Sponsor: Rep. Bilirakis, Michael [R-FL-9] (Introduced 01/07/1997) Cosponsors: (69) Committees: House - National Security, Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 04/14/1997 Executive Comment Requested from DOD. (All Actions) Tracker: 62. H.R.38 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) To provide a minimum survivor annuity for the unremarried surviving spouses of retired members of the Armed Forces who died before having an opportunity to participate in the Survivor Benefit Plan. Sponsor: Rep. Bilirakis, Michael [R-FL-9] (Introduced 01/07/1997) Cosponsors: (52) Committees: House - National Security Latest Action: House - 11/18/1997 See H.R.1119. (All Actions) Tracker: Armed Forces and National Security Remove	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2391
__label__wiki	0.924561	0.924561	Home > Members > Representative David P. Roe Representative David P. Roe (1945 - )In Congress 2009 - Present \| Tennessee 1 House: 111th-116th (2009-Present) https://roe.house.gov/ Legislation Sponsored or Cosponsored by David P. Roe House Committee : Rules Subject — Policy Area : Congress 1. H.Res.110 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Amending the Rules of the House of Representatives to require a specific oath be administered to any witness appearing before a committee. Sponsor: Rep. Johnson, Mike [R-LA-4] (Introduced 02/07/2019) Cosponsors: (41) Committees: House - Rules Latest Action: House - 02/07/2019 Referred to the House Committee on Rules. (All Actions) Tracker: 2. H.Res.712 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that the Senate should immediately change its rules and end the "modern" filibuster. Sponsor: Rep. Messer, Luke [R-IN-6] (Introduced 01/22/2018) Cosponsors: (8) Committees: House - Rules Latest Action: House - 01/22/2018 Referred to the House Committee on Rules. (All Actions) Tracker: 3. H.Res.617 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Providing for authority to initiate litigation for actions by the President or other executive branch officials inconsistent with their duties under the Constitution of the United States with respect to the unlawful transfer of individuals detained at United States Naval Station, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Sponsor: Rep. Duncan, Jeff [R-SC-3] (Introduced 02/23/2016) Cosponsors: (50) Committees: House - Rules, House Administration Latest Action: 02/25/2016 Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (All Actions) Tracker: 4. H.Res.590 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Establishing a Select Committee on POW and MIA Affairs. Sponsor: Rep. Walker, Mark [R-NC-6] (Introduced 01/25/2016) Cosponsors: (68) Committees: House - Rules Latest Action: House - 01/25/2016 Referred to the House Committee on Rules. (All Actions) Tracker: 5. H.Res.24 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Amending the Rules of the House of Representatives to require a reading of the names of members of the Armed Forces who died in the previous month as a result of combat. Sponsor: Rep. Cartwright, Matt [D-PA-17] (Introduced 01/09/2015) Cosponsors: (82) Committees: House - Rules Latest Action: House - 01/09/2015 Referred to the House Committee on Rules. (All Actions) Tracker: 6. H.Res.442 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) Directing the House of Representatives to bring a civil action for declaratory or injunctive relief to challenge certain policies and actions taken by the executive branch. Sponsor: Rep. Rice, Tom [R-SC-7] (Introduced 12/12/2013) Cosponsors: (119) Committees: House - Rules, House Administration Latest Action: House - 12/12/2013 Referred to the Committee on Rules, and in addition to the Committee on House Administration, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned. (All Actions) Tracker: 7. H.Res.231 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) Establishing a Select Committee on POW and MIA Affairs. Sponsor: Rep. Bachmann, Michele [R-MN-6] (Introduced 05/22/2013) Cosponsors: (133) Committees: House - Rules Latest Action: House - 05/22/2013 Referred to the House Committee on Rules. (All Actions) Tracker: 8. H.Res.36 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) Establishing a select committee to investigate and report on the attack on the United States consulate in Benghazi, Libya. Sponsor: Rep. Wolf, Frank R. [R-VA-10] (Introduced 01/18/2013) Cosponsors: (191) Committees: House - Rules Latest Action: 01/23/2013 Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (All Actions) Notes: On 7/30/2013, a motion was filed to discharge the Committee on Rules from the consideration of H.Res.306 a resolution providing for consideration of H.Res.36. A discharge petition requires 218 signatures for further action. (Discharge Petition No. 113-4: text with signatures.) Tracker: 9. H.R.187 — 112th Congress (2011-2012) Congressional Pay Reform Act of 2011 Sponsor: Rep. Wilson, Joe [R-SC-2] (Introduced 01/05/2011) Cosponsors: (21) Committees: House - House Administration, Oversight and Government Reform, Rules Latest Action: House - 02/08/2011 Referred to the Subcommittee on Federal Workforce, U.S. Postal Service, and Labor Policy . (All Actions) Tracker: 10. H.R.125 — 112th Congress (2011-2012) Enumerated Powers Act Sponsor: Rep. Gingrey, Phil [R-GA-11] (Introduced 01/05/2011) Cosponsors: (29) Committees: House - Judiciary, Rules Latest Action: House - 01/24/2011 Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution. (All Actions) Tracker: 11. H.Res.143 — 112th Congress (2011-2012) Directing the Speaker, or his designee, to take any and all actions necessary to assert the standing of the House to defend the Defense of Marriage Act and the amendments made by that Act in any litigation in any Federal court of the United States. Sponsor: Rep. Gohmert, Louie [R-TX-1] (Introduced 03/03/2011) Cosponsors: (27) Committees: House - Rules Latest Action: House - 03/03/2011 Referred to the House Committee on Rules. (All Actions) Tracker: 12. H.Res.142 — 112th Congress (2011-2012) Amending the Rules of the House of Representatives to require authorizing committees to hold annual hearings on GAO investigative reports on the identification, consolidation, and elimination of duplicative Government programs. Sponsor: Rep. Gardner, Cory [R-CO-4] (Introduced 03/03/2011) Cosponsors: (26) Committees: House - Rules Latest Action: House - 03/03/2011 Referred to the House Committee on Rules. (All Actions) Tracker: 13. H.Res.111 — 112th Congress (2011-2012) Establishing a Select Committee on POW and MIA Affairs. Sponsor: Rep. King, Peter T. [R-NY-3] (Introduced 02/28/2011) Cosponsors: (230) Committees: House - Rules Latest Action: House - 02/28/2011 Referred to the House Committee on Rules. (All Actions) Tracker: 14. H.Res.15 — 112th Congress (2011-2012) Amending the Rules of the House of Representatives to require that general appropriations for military construction and veterans' affairs be considered as stand-alone measures. Sponsor: Rep. Gingrey, Phil [R-GA-11] (Introduced 01/05/2011) Cosponsors: (46) Committees: House - Rules Latest Action: House - 01/05/2011 Referred to the House Committee on Rules. (All Actions) Tracker: 15. H.R.450 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Enumerated Powers Act Sponsor: Rep. Shadegg, John B. [R-AZ-3] (Introduced 01/09/2009) Cosponsors: (70) Committees: House - Judiciary, Rules Latest Action: House - 02/09/2009 Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties. (All Actions) Tracker: 16. H.Con.Res.201 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) To establish the Joint Select Committee on Earmark Reform, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Rep. Tiahrt, Todd [R-KS-4] (Introduced 10/15/2009) Cosponsors: (48) Committees: House - Rules Latest Action: House - 10/15/2009 Referred to the House Committee on Rules. (All Actions) Tracker: 17. H.Res.1772 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Amending the Rules of the House of Representatives to require House officers and employees to take annual factual training on the Constitution. Sponsor: Rep. Garrett, Scott [R-NJ-5] (Introduced 12/16/2010) Cosponsors: (25) Committees: House - Rules Latest Action: House - 12/16/2010 Referred to the House Committee on Rules. (All Actions) Tracker: 18. H.Res.1754 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Amending the Rules of the House of Representatives to require the citation of the specific powers granted to Congress in the Constitution be included in introduced bills and joint resolutions as a basis for enacting the laws proposed by such bills and joint resolutions, including amendments and conference reports. Sponsor: Rep. Garrett, Scott [R-NJ-5] (Introduced 12/07/2010) Cosponsors: (38) Committees: House - Rules Latest Action: House - 12/07/2010 Referred to the House Committee on Rules. (All Actions) Tracker: 19. H.Res.1289 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Expressing the sense of the House that Democratic Members of the House should join Republican Members of the House in a total ban on earmarks for one year, that total discretionary spending should be reduced by the amount saved by earmark moratoriums, and that a bipartisan, bicameral committee should be created to review and overhaul the budgetary, spending, and earmark processes. Sponsor: Rep. Goodlatte, Bob [R-VA-6] (Introduced 04/22/2010) Cosponsors: (165) Committees: House - Budget, Rules Latest Action: House - 04/22/2010 Referred to House Rules (All Actions) Tracker: 20. H.Res.1188 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Ensuring an up or down vote on certain health care legislation. Sponsor: Rep. Griffith, Parker [R-AL-5] (Introduced 03/17/2010) Cosponsors: (149) Committees: House - Rules Latest Action: House - 03/17/2010 Referred to the House Committee on Rules. (All Actions) Tracker: 21. H.Res.949 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Amending the Rules of the House of Representatives to require a two-thirds vote on a stand-alone bill to increase the statutory limit on the public debt. Sponsor: Rep. Neugebauer, Randy [R-TX-19] (Introduced 12/03/2009) Cosponsors: (56) Committees: House - Rules Latest Action: House - 12/03/2009 Referred to the House Committee on Rules. (All Actions) Tracker: 22. H.Res.847 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that any conference committee or other meetings held to determine the content of national health care legislation be conducted in public under the watchful eye of the people of the United States. Sponsor: Rep. Buchanan, Vern [R-FL-13] (Introduced 10/20/2009) Cosponsors: (172) Committees: House - Rules Latest Action: House - 01/13/2010 Motion to Discharge Committee filed by Mr. Buchanan. Petition No: 111-9. (All Actions) Notes: On 1/13/2010, a motion was filed to discharge the Committee on Rules from the consideration of H.Res.847. A discharge petition requires 218 signatures for further action. (Discharge Petition No. 111-9: text with signatures.) Tracker: 23. H.Res.835 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Amending the rules of the House of Representatives to provide for transparency in the committee amendment process. Sponsor: Rep. Jenkins, Lynn [R-KS-2] (Introduced 10/15/2009) Cosponsors: (110) Committees: House - Rules Latest Action: House - 10/15/2009 Referred to the House Committee on Rules. (All Actions) Tracker: 24. H.Res.554 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Amending the Rules of the House of Representatives to require that legislation and conference reports be available on the Internet for 72 hours before consideration by the House, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Rep. Baird, Brian [D-WA-3] (Introduced 06/17/2009) Cosponsors: (217) Committees: House - Rules Latest Action: House - 09/23/2009 Motion to Discharge Committee filed by Mr. Walden. Petition No: 111-6. (All Actions) Notes: On 9/23/2009, a motion was filed to discharge the Committee on Rules from the consideration of H.Res.554. A discharge petition requires 218 signatures for further action. (Discharge Petition No. 111-6: text with signatures.) Tracker: 25. H.Res.225 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Amending the Rules of the House of Representatives to require that general appropriations for military construction and veterans' affairs be considered as stand-alone measures. Sponsor: Rep. Gingrey, Phil [R-GA-11] (Introduced 03/09/2009) Cosponsors: (62) Committees: House - Rules Latest Action: House - 03/09/2009 Referred to the House Committee on Rules. (All Actions) Tracker: Congress Remove	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2392
__label__wiki	0.901656	0.901656	Home > Members > Representative Howard Coble Representative Howard Coble (1931 - 2015)In Congress 1985 - 2015 North Carolina 6 House: 99th-113th (1985-2015) Legislation Sponsored or Cosponsored by Howard Coble Subject — Policy Area : Sports and Recreation 1. H.R.3836 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) Pat Summitt Congressional Gold Medal Act Sponsor: Rep. Duncan, John J., Jr. [R-TN-2] (Introduced 01/09/2014) Cosponsors: (142) Committees: House - Financial Services Latest Action: House - 01/09/2014 Referred to the House Committee on Financial Services. (All Actions) Tracker: 2. H.R.2203 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) To provide for the award of a gold medal on behalf of Congress to Jack Nicklaus, in recognition of his service to the Nation in promoting excellence, good sportsmanship, and philanthropy. Sponsor: Rep. Tiberi, Patrick J. [R-OH-12] (Introduced 05/23/2013) Cosponsors: (304) Committees: House - Financial Services \| Senate - Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Latest Action: 12/16/2014 Became Public Law No: 113-210. (TXT \| PDF) (All Actions) Tracker: 3. H.Res.169 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) Expressing support for designation of Saint Louis, Missouri, as the "National Chess Capital" to enhance awareness of the educational benefits of chess and to encourage schools and community centers to engage in chess programs to promote problem solving, critical thinking, spatial awareness, and goal setting. Sponsor: Rep. Clay, Wm. Lacy [D-MO-1] (Introduced 04/18/2013) Cosponsors: (34) Committees: House - Education and the Workforce Latest Action: House - 04/18/2013 Referred to the House Committee on Education and the Workforce. (All Actions) Tracker: 4. H.Res.79 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) Supporting the goals and ideals of International Water Safety Day. Sponsor: Rep. Fattah, Chaka [D-PA-2] (Introduced 02/25/2013) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce Latest Action: House - 03/01/2013 Referred to the Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade. (All Actions) Tracker: 5. H.R.4040 — 112th Congress (2011-2012) To provide for the award of a gold medal on behalf of Congress to Jack Nicklaus in recognition of his service to the Nation in promoting excellence and good sportsmanship in golf. Sponsor: Rep. Baca, Joe [D-CA-43] (Introduced 02/15/2012) Cosponsors: (341) Committees: House - Financial Services \| Senate - Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 04/17/2012 Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: Array ( [actionDate] => 2012-04-16 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 373 - 4, 1 Present (Roll no. 153).(text: CR H1820-1821) [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Passed House ) 6. H.R.6534 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) National Baseball Hall of Fame Commemorative Coin Act Sponsor: Rep. Doyle, Michael F. [D-PA-14] (Introduced 12/16/2010) Cosponsors: (191) Committees: House - Financial Services, Budget Latest Action: House - 12/16/2010 Referred to House Budget (All Actions) Tracker: 7. H.R.4322 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) National Foundation on Physical Fitness and Sports Establishment Act Sponsor: Rep. Sarbanes, John P. [D-MD-3] (Introduced 12/15/2009) Cosponsors: (36) Committees: House - Education and Labor Latest Action: House - 02/23/2010 Referred to the Subcommittee on Healthy Families and Communities. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see S.1275, which became Public Law 111-332 on 12/22/2010. Tracker: 8. H.R.1243 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) To provide for the award of a gold medal on behalf of Congress to Arnold Palmer in recognition of his service to the Nation in promoting excellence and good sportsmanship in golf. Sponsor: Rep. Baca, Joe [D-CA-43] (Introduced 03/02/2009) Cosponsors: (302) Committees: House - Financial Services \| Senate - Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Latest Action: 09/30/2009 Became Public Law No: 111-65. (TXT \| PDF) (All Actions) Tracker: 9. H.Res.1527 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Congratulating the United States Men's National Soccer Team for its inspiring performance in the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Sponsor: Rep. Gohmert, Louie [R-TX-1] (Introduced 07/15/2010) Cosponsors: (54) Committees: House - Oversight and Government Reform Latest Action: House - 07/30/2010 Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection. (All Actions) Tracker: 10. H.Res.1242 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Congratulating the Duke University men's basketball team for winning the 2010 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball National Championship. Sponsor: Rep. Price, David E. [D-NC-4] (Introduced 04/13/2010) Cosponsors: (28) Committees: House - Education and Labor Latest Action: House - 04/30/2010 Referred to the Subcommittee on Higher Education, Lifelong Learning, and Competitiveness. (All Actions) Tracker: Array ( [actionDate] => 2010-04-15 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution Agreed to by recorded vote (2/3 required): 390 - 0, 12 Present (Roll no. 210).(text: CR 4/14/2010 H2542) [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Agreed to in House ) 11. H.Res.1189 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Commending Lance Mackey on winning a record 4th straight Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race. Sponsor: Rep. Young, Don [R-AK-At Large] (Introduced 03/17/2010) Cosponsors: (82) Committees: House - Oversight and Government Reform Latest Action: House - 05/25/2010 Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection. (All Actions) Tracker: Array ( [actionDate] => 2010-05-25 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 411 - 0, 3 Present (Roll no. 300).(text: CR H3775) [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Agreed to in House ) 12. H.Res.1128 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Thanking Vancouver for hosting the world during the 2010 Winter Olympics and honoring the athletes from Team USA. Sponsor: Rep. Davis, Susan A. [D-CA-53] (Introduced 03/02/2010) Cosponsors: (61) Committees: House - Foreign Affairs Latest Action: House - 03/16/2010 Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection. (All Actions) Tracker: Array ( [actionDate] => 2010-03-16 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution, as amended Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays (2/3 required): 420 - 0 (Roll No. 119). [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Agreed to in House ) 13. H.Res.957 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Honoring Jimmie Johnson, 2009 NASCAR Sprint Cup Champion. Sponsor: Rep. McHenry, Patrick T. [R-NC-10] (Introduced 12/08/2009) Cosponsors: (62) Committees: House - Oversight and Government Reform Latest Action: House - 02/02/2010 Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection. (All Actions) Tracker: 14. H.Res.418 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Congratulating Jockey Calvin Borel for his victory at the 135th Kentucky Derby. Sponsor: Rep. Boustany, Charles W., Jr. [R-LA-7] (Introduced 05/07/2009) Cosponsors: (58) Committees: House - Oversight and Government Reform Latest Action: House - 05/07/2009 Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. (All Actions) Tracker: 15. H.Res.410 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Recognizing the numerous contributions of the recreational boating community and the boating industry to the continuing prosperity and affluence of the United States. Sponsor: Rep. Klein, Ron [D-FL-22] (Introduced 05/06/2009) Cosponsors: (27) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Reports: H. Rept. 111-142 Latest Action: House - 06/09/2009 Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection. (All Actions) Tracker: 16. H.Res.348 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Congratulating the University of North Carolina men's basketball team for winning the 2009 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball National Championship. Sponsor: Rep. Price, David E. [D-NC-4] (Introduced 04/21/2009) Cosponsors: (29) Committees: House - Education and Labor Latest Action: House - 05/06/2009 Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection. (All Actions) Tracker: Array ( [actionDate] => 2009-05-06 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution Agreed to by recorded vote (2/3 required): 423 - 0 (Roll no. 236).(text: CR 5/5/2009 H5119) [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Agreed to in House ) 17. H.Res.196 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Congratulating the University of Tennessee women's basketball team (the "Lady Vols") and Head Coach Pat Summitt on her 1000th victory. Sponsor: Rep. Duncan, John J., Jr. [R-TN-2] (Introduced 02/26/2009) Cosponsors: (33) Committees: House - Education and Labor Latest Action: House - 06/04/2009 Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection. (All Actions) Tracker: Array ( [actionDate] => 2009-06-04 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and agree to the resolution Agreed to by recorded vote (2/3 required): 417 - 0 (Roll no. 303).(text: CR 6/2/2009 S6031) [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Agreed to in House ) 18. H.R.2209 — 104th Congress (1995-1996) National Foundation on Physical Fitness and Sports Establishment Act Sponsor: Rep. Ehrlich, Robert L., Jr. [R-MD-2] (Introduced 08/04/1995) Cosponsors: (82) Committees: House - Economic and Educational Opportunities Latest Action: House - 08/18/1995 Referred to the Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Youth and Families. (All Actions) Tracker: 19. H.J.Res.341 — 103rd Congress (1993-1994) To designate the week of November 15 through 22 as "National Sportsmen's Instruction Week". Sponsor: Rep. Camp, Dave [R-MI-4] (Introduced 03/17/1994) Cosponsors: (17) Committees: House - Post Office and Civil Service Latest Action: House - 03/17/1994 Referred to the House Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. (All Actions) Tracker: 20. H.J.Res.276 — 103rd Congress (1993-1994) Designating May 1, 1994, through May 7, 1994, as "National Walking Week". Sponsor: Rep. McHale, Paul [D-PA-15] (Introduced 10/12/1993) Cosponsors: (221) Committees: House - Post Office and Civil Service Latest Action: House - 10/12/1993 Referred to the House Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. (All Actions) Tracker: 21. H.J.Res.198 — 103rd Congress (1993-1994) Designating the week of November 15 through 22, 1993, as the "National Sportsmen's Instruction Week". Sponsor: Rep. Camp, Dave [R-MI-4] (Introduced 05/19/1993) Cosponsors: (64) Committees: House - Post Office and Civil Service Latest Action: House - 05/19/1993 Referred to the House Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. (All Actions) Tracker: 22. H.R.74 — 102nd Congress (1991-1992) Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act Sponsor: Rep. Bryant, John W. [D-TX-5] (Introduced 01/03/1991) Cosponsors: (94) Committees: House - Judiciary Latest Action: House - 09/12/1991 Subcommittee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held. (All Actions) Tracker: 23. H.J.Res.547 — 102nd Congress (1991-1992) Designating May 2, 1993, through May 8, 1993, as "National Walking Week". Sponsor: Rep. Ritter, Don [R-PA-15] (Introduced 08/12/1992) Cosponsors: (232) Committees: House - Post Office and Civil Service Latest Action: 10/23/1992 Became Public Law No: 102-474. (All Actions) Tracker: 24. H.J.Res.546 — 102nd Congress (1991-1992) Designating February 4, 1993, and February 3, 1994, as "National Women and Girls in Sports Day". Sponsor: Rep. Molinari, Susan [R-NY-14] (Introduced 08/12/1992) Cosponsors: (222) Committees: House - Post Office and Civil Service \| Senate - Judiciary Latest Action: 10/28/1992 Became Public Law No: 102-557. (All Actions) Tracker: 25. H.J.Res.372 — 102nd Congress (1991-1992) Designating December 21, 1991, as "Basketball Centennial Day". Sponsor: Rep. Neal, Richard E. [D-MA-2] (Introduced 11/07/1991) Cosponsors: (220) Committees: House - Post Office and Civil Service Latest Action: 12/10/1991 Became Public Law No: 102-210. (All Actions) Tracker: 26. H.J.Res.274 — 102nd Congress (1991-1992) To designate the week of September 13 through 19, 1991, as "National Ballroom Dance Week". Sponsor: Rep. Lantos, Tom [D-CA-11] (Introduced 06/18/1991) Cosponsors: (49) Committees: House - Post Office and Civil Service Latest Action: House - 06/21/1991 Referred to the Subcommittee on Census and Population. (All Actions) Tracker: 27. H.J.Res.120 — 102nd Congress (1991-1992) To designate May 1991 as "National Physical Fitness and Sports Month". Sponsor: Rep. Lewis, Jerry [R-CA-35] (Introduced 02/06/1991) Cosponsors: (218) Committees: House - Post Office and Civil Service \| Senate - Judiciary Latest Action: Senate - 05/06/1991 Received in the Senate and read twice and referred to the Committee on Judiciary. (All Actions) Tracker: Sports and Recreation Remove	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2393
__label__wiki	0.895611	0.895611	Home > Members > Representative Raul M. Grijalva Representative Raul M. Grijalva (1948 - )In Congress 2003 - Present \| Arizona 3 House: 113th-116th (2013-Present) Arizona 7 House: 108th-112th (2003-2013) https://grijalva.house.gov/ Legislation Sponsored or Cosponsored by Raul M. Grijalva Introduced Committee Consideration Floor Consideration Failed One Chamber Passed One Chamber Passed Both Chambers Resolving Differences To President Veto Actions House Committee : Transportation and Infrastructure 1. H.R.3437 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Saving Transit Art Resources Act Sponsor: Rep. Adams, Alma S. [D-NC-12] (Introduced 06/24/2019) Cosponsors: (7) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 06/25/2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on Highways and Transit. (All Actions) Tracker: 2. H.R.3204 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Nogales Wastewater Fairness Act Sponsor: Rep. Grijalva, Raul M. [D-AZ-3] (Introduced 06/11/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 06/11/2019 Referred to the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. (All Actions) Tracker: 3. H.R.3001 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Quiet Communities Act of 2019 Sponsor: Rep. Meng, Grace [D-NY-6] (Introduced 05/23/2019) Cosponsors: (34) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 05/24/2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials. (All Actions) Tracker: 4. H.R.2843 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Marijuana Freedom and Opportunity Act Sponsor: Rep. Jeffries, Hakeem S. [D-NY-8] (Introduced 05/20/2019) Cosponsors: (37) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Judiciary, Natural Resources, Agriculture, Transportation and Infrastructure, Small Business Latest Action: House - 06/26/2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security. (All Actions) Tracker: 5. H.R.2776 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Stop Sewage Overflow Act Sponsor: Rep. Trahan, Lori [D-MA-3] (Introduced 05/15/2019) Cosponsors: (24) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 05/16/2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment. (All Actions) Tracker: 6. H.R.2726 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Banning Smoking on Amtrak Act of 2019 Sponsor: Rep. Norton, Eleanor Holmes [D-DC-At Large] (Introduced 05/14/2019) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 05/15/2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials. (All Actions) Tracker: 7. H.R.2420 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) National Museum of the American Latino Act Sponsor: Rep. Serrano, Jose E. [D-NY-15] (Introduced 04/30/2019) Cosponsors: (94) Committees: House - House Administration, Natural Resources, Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 05/08/2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests, and Public Lands. (All Actions) Tracker: 8. H.R.2208 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Cabin Air Safety Act of 2019 Sponsor: Rep. Garamendi, John [D-CA-3] (Introduced 04/10/2019) Cosponsors: (14) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 04/11/2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on Aviation. (All Actions) Tracker: 9. H.R.2164 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Green Bus Act of 2019 Sponsor: Rep. Brownley, Julia [D-CA-26] (Introduced 04/09/2019) Cosponsors: (15) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 04/10/2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on Highways and Transit. (All Actions) Tracker: 10. H.R.2050 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) ACHE Act Sponsor: Rep. Yarmuth, John A. [D-KY-3] (Introduced 04/03/2019) Cosponsors: (19) Committees: House - Natural Resources, Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce Latest Action: House - 04/09/2019 Subcommittee Hearings Held. (All Actions) Tracker: 12. H.R.1882 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Menstrual Equity For All Act of 2019 Sponsor: Rep. Meng, Grace [D-NY-6] (Introduced 03/26/2019) Cosponsors: (62) Committees: House - Education and Labor, Judiciary, Financial Services, Ways and Means, Energy and Commerce, Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 05/03/2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security. (All Actions) Tracker: 13. H.R.1748 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Safe Freight Act of 2019 Sponsor: Rep. Young, Don [R-AK-At Large] (Introduced 03/13/2019) Cosponsors: (85) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 03/14/2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials. (All Actions) Tracker: 14. H.R.1620 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Chesapeake Bay Program Reauthorization Act Sponsor: Rep. Luria, Elaine G. [D-VA-2] (Introduced 03/07/2019) Cosponsors: (19) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 03/08/2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment. (All Actions) Tracker: 15. H.R.1549 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Air Carrier Access Amendments Act of 2019 Sponsor: Rep. Langevin, James R. [D-RI-2] (Introduced 03/06/2019) Cosponsors: (17) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 03/07/2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on Aviation. (All Actions) Tracker: 16. H.R.1417 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Water Affordability, Transparency, Equity, and Reliability Act of 2019 Sponsor: Rep. Lawrence, Brenda L. [D-MI-14] (Introduced 02/28/2019) Cosponsors: (75) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, Agriculture Latest Action: House - 03/27/2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on Conservation and Forestry. (All Actions) Tracker: 17. H.R.1400 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Horse Transportation Safety Act of 2019 Sponsor: Rep. Cohen, Steve [D-TN-9] (Introduced 02/27/2019) Cosponsors: (81) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 02/28/2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on Highways and Transit. (All Actions) Tracker: 19. H.R.1170 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Social Security Expansion Act Sponsor: Rep. DeFazio, Peter A. [D-OR-4] (Introduced 02/13/2019) Cosponsors: (20) Committees: House - Ways and Means, Education and Labor, Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 02/14/2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials. (All Actions) Tracker: 20. H.R.1139 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Transit Worker and Pedestrian Protection Act Sponsor: Rep. Napolitano, Grace F. [D-CA-32] (Introduced 02/11/2019) Cosponsors: (151) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 02/12/2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on Highways and Transit. (All Actions) Tracker: 21. H.R.919 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Bird-Safe Buildings Act of 2019 Sponsor: Rep. Quigley, Mike [D-IL-5] (Introduced 01/30/2019) Cosponsors: (38) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 02/07/2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings, and Emergency Management. (All Actions) Tracker: 22. H.R.658 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) National Infrastructure Development Bank Act of 2019 Sponsor: Rep. DeLauro, Rosa L. [D-CT-3] (Introduced 01/17/2019) Cosponsors: (61) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Transportation and Infrastructure, Financial Services, Ways and Means Latest Action: House - 02/07/2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings, and Emergency Management. (All Actions) Tracker: 23. H.R.535 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) PFAS Action Act of 2019 Sponsor: Rep. Dingell, Debbie [D-MI-12] (Introduced 01/14/2019) Cosponsors: (54) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 02/07/2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment. (All Actions) Tracker: 24. H.R.229 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) National Commission on the Federal Response to Natural Disasters in Puerto Rico Act of 2019 Sponsor: Rep. Velazquez, Nydia M. [D-NY-7] (Introduced 01/03/2019) Cosponsors: (7) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 02/07/2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings, and Emergency Management. (All Actions) Tracker: 26. H.Con.Res.36 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Supporting efforts to enact a bold jobs and infrastructure package that benefits all Americans, not just billionaires. Sponsor: Rep. Lieu, Ted [D-CA-33] (Introduced 04/25/2019) Cosponsors: (105) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 04/26/2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment. (All Actions) Tracker: 27. H.Res.109 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Recognizing the duty of the Federal Government to create a Green New Deal. Sponsor: Rep. Ocasio-Cortez, Alexandria [D-NY-14] (Introduced 02/07/2019) Cosponsors: (94) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Science, Space, and Technology, Education and Labor, Transportation and Infrastructure, Agriculture, Natural Resources, Foreign Affairs, Financial Services, Judiciary, Ways and Means, Oversight and Reform Latest Action: House - 02/12/2019 Referred to the Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources. (All Actions) Tracker: 28. H.R.6768 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Fracking Disclosure and Safety Act Sponsor: Rep. Soto, Darren [D-FL-9] (Introduced 09/10/2018) Cosponsors: (9) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Transportation and Infrastructure, Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 09/19/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources. (All Actions) Tracker: 29. H.R.6644 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) EPA Act of 2018 Sponsor: Rep. Connolly, Gerald E. [D-VA-11] (Introduced 07/31/2018) Cosponsors: (8) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Transportation and Infrastructure, Agriculture, Science, Space, and Technology Latest Action: House - 08/03/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Environment. (All Actions) Tracker: 30. H.R.6510 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Restore Our Parks and Public Lands Act Sponsor: Rep. Bishop, Rob [R-UT-1] (Introduced 07/25/2018) Cosponsors: (233) Committees: House - Natural Resources, Education and the Workforce, Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Reports: H. Rept. 115-1088 Latest Action: House - 12/28/2018 Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 875. (All Actions) Tracker: Array ( [actionDate] => 2018-12-20 [displayText] => Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Natural Resources. H. Rept. 115-1088, Part I. [externalActionCode] => 5000 [description] => Introduced ) 31. H.R.6455 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) National Urban Search and Rescue Response System Reauthorization Act Sponsor: Rep. Meng, Grace [D-NY-6] (Introduced 07/19/2018) Cosponsors: (40) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 07/20/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings and Emergency Management. (All Actions) Tracker: 32. H.R.6131 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) PET AID Act Sponsor: Rep. Titus, Dina [D-NV-1] (Introduced 06/15/2018) Cosponsors: (10) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 06/18/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings and Emergency Management. (All Actions) Tracker: 33. H.R.6103 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) National Commission of the Federal Response to Natural Disasters in Puerto Rico Act of 2018 Sponsor: Rep. Velazquez, Nydia M. [D-NY-7] (Introduced 06/14/2018) Cosponsors: (33) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 06/15/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings and Emergency Management. (All Actions) Tracker: 34. H.R.6048 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) COUNT Victims Act Sponsor: Rep. Velazquez, Nydia M. [D-NY-7] (Introduced 06/07/2018) Cosponsors: (68) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 06/08/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings and Emergency Management. (All Actions) Tracker: 35. H.R.6016 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Bus Operator and Pedestrian Protection Act Sponsor: Rep. Napolitano, Grace F. [D-CA-32] (Introduced 06/06/2018) Cosponsors: (78) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 06/07/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Highways and Transit. (All Actions) Tracker: 36. H.R.6005 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Minorities in Aviation Education Act of 2018 Sponsor: Rep. Johnson, Henry C. "Hank," Jr. [D-GA-4] (Introduced 06/05/2018) Cosponsors: (29) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 06/06/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Aviation. (All Actions) Tracker: 37. H.R.5609 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Water Affordability, Transparency, Equity, and Reliability Act of 2018 Sponsor: Rep. Ellison, Keith [D-MN-5] (Introduced 04/25/2018) Cosponsors: (53) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, Agriculture Latest Action: House - 05/22/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Commodity Exchanges, Energy, and Credit. (All Actions) Tracker: 38. H.R.5474 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Housing Victims of Major Disasters Act of 2018 Sponsor: Rep. Espaillat, Adriano [D-NY-13] (Introduced 04/11/2018) Cosponsors: (26) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure, Financial Services Latest Action: House - 04/12/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings and Emergency Management. (All Actions) Tracker: 39. H.R.5127 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Water Recycling Investment and Improvement Act Sponsor: Rep. Napolitano, Grace F. [D-CA-32] (Introduced 02/27/2018) Cosponsors: (17) Committees: House - Natural Resources, Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 03/06/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Water, Power and Oceans. (All Actions) Tracker: 40. H.R.4489 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Authorizing Critical Conservation and Enabling Sportsmen and Sportswomen Act Sponsor: Rep. Thompson, Mike [D-CA-5] (Introduced 11/30/2017) Cosponsors: (14) Committees: House - Natural Resources, Science, Space, and Technology, Judiciary, Agriculture, Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 05/22/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Environment. (All Actions) Tracker: 41. H.R.4426 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Sustainable Energy Development Reform Act Sponsor: Rep. Grijalva, Raul M. [D-AZ-3] (Introduced 11/16/2017) Cosponsors: (34) Committees: House - Natural Resources, Energy and Commerce, Transportation and Infrastructure, Agriculture, Education and the Workforce, Ways and Means, Science, Space, and Technology Latest Action: House - 05/22/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Energy. (All Actions) Tracker: 42. H.R.4074 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Pathways Out of Poverty Act of 2017 Sponsor: Rep. Lee, Barbara [D-CA-13] (Introduced 10/16/2017) Cosponsors: (25) Committees: House - Ways and Means, House Administration, Oversight and Government Reform, Education and the Workforce, Financial Services, Agriculture, Transportation and Infrastructure, Rules, Budget, Judiciary Latest Action: House - 10/26/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Nutrition. (All Actions) Tracker: 44. H.R.3474 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Border Security and Accountability Act of 2017 Sponsor: Rep. Grijalva, Raul M. [D-AZ-3] (Introduced 07/27/2017) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: House - Homeland Security, Armed Services, Judiciary, Natural Resources, Agriculture, Foreign Affairs, Transportation and Infrastructure, Ways and Means Latest Action: House - 09/05/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere. (All Actions) Tracker: 45. H.R.3314 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) 100 by '50 Act Sponsor: Rep. Polis, Jared [D-CO-2] (Introduced 07/19/2017) Cosponsors: (35) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, Transportation and Infrastructure, Education and the Workforce, Financial Services, Natural Resources, Appropriations, Agriculture, Small Business, Science, Space, and Technology Latest Action: House - 05/22/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Energy. (All Actions) Tracker: 46. H.R.3186 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Every Kid Outdoors Act Sponsor: Rep. Tsongas, Niki [D-MA-3] (Introduced 07/11/2017) Cosponsors: (54) Committees: House - Natural Resources, Agriculture, Transportation and Infrastructure \| Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Committee Reports: H. Rept. 115-880; S. Rept. 115-394 Latest Action: Senate - 11/28/2018 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 680. (All Actions) Tracker: Array ( [actionDate] => 2018-11-28 [displayText] => Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Reported by Senator Murkowski without amendment. With written report No. 115-394. [externalActionCode] => 14000 [description] => Introduced ) 47. H.R.2987 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) 21st Century Conservation Service Corps Act of 2017 Sponsor: Rep. McSally, Martha [R-AZ-2] (Introduced 06/21/2017) Cosponsors: (17) Committees: House - Natural Resources, Education and the Workforce, Agriculture, Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce Committee Reports: H. Rept. 115-1066 Latest Action: House - 12/28/2018 Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 862. (All Actions) Tracker: 48. H.R.2911 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) National Museum of the American Latino Act Sponsor: Rep. Ros-Lehtinen, Ileana [R-FL-27] (Introduced 06/15/2017) Cosponsors: (51) Committees: House - House Administration, Natural Resources, Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 06/23/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Federal Lands. (All Actions) Tracker: 49. H.R.2261 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Marine Oil Spill Prevention Act Sponsor: Rep. Wasserman Schultz, Debbie [D-FL-23] (Introduced 05/01/2017) Cosponsors: (18) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure, Natural Resources, Science, Space, and Technology Latest Action: House - 05/22/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Environment. (All Actions) Tracker: 50. H.R.2200 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Frederick Douglass Trafficking Victims Prevention and Protection Reauthorization Act of 2018 Sponsor: Rep. Smith, Christopher H. [R-NJ-4] (Introduced 04/27/2017) Cosponsors: (29) Committees: House - Foreign Affairs, Judiciary, Oversight and Government Reform, Ways and Means, Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, Armed Services, Education and the Workforce \| Senate - Foreign Relations Latest Action: 01/08/2019 Became Public Law No: 115-425. (All Actions) Tracker: Array ( [actionDate] => 2018-12-21 [displayText] => Resolving differences -- House actions: On motion that the House suspend the rules and agree to the Senate amendment Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 368 - 7 (Roll no. 487).(text as House agree to Senate amendment: CR H10539-10543) [externalActionCode] => 19500 [description] => Resolving Differences ) 51. H.R.2001 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) FRESHER Act of 2017 Sponsor: Rep. Cartwright, Matt [D-PA-17] (Introduced 04/06/2017) Cosponsors: (72) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 04/07/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment. (All Actions) Tracker: 52. H.R.1673 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Water Affordability, Transparency, Equity, and Reliability Act of 2017 Sponsor: Rep. Conyers, John, Jr. [D-MI-13] (Introduced 03/22/2017) Cosponsors: (40) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, Agriculture Latest Action: House - 04/11/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Commodity Exchanges, Energy, and Credit. (All Actions) Tracker: 53. H.R.1531 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Superfund Reinvestment Act Sponsor: Rep. Blumenauer, Earl [D-OR-3] (Introduced 03/15/2017) Cosponsors: (17) Committees: House - Ways and Means, Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, Budget Latest Action: House - 03/17/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Environment. (All Actions) Tracker: 54. H.R.1501 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Small Community Transit Improvement Act of 2017 Sponsor: Rep. Davis, Rodney [R-IL-13] (Introduced 03/10/2017) Cosponsors: (9) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 03/13/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Highways and Transit. (All Actions) Tracker: 55. H.R.1410 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Nogales Wastewater Fairness Act Sponsor: Rep. McSally, Martha [R-AZ-2] (Introduced 03/07/2017) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 03/08/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment. (All Actions) Tracker: 56. H.R.932 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) MOVE Act Sponsor: Rep. Ellison, Keith [D-MN-5] (Introduced 02/07/2017) Cosponsors: (7) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 02/08/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Highways and Transit. (All Actions) Tracker: 57. H.R.911 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Saracini Aviation Safety Act of 2017 Sponsor: Rep. Fitzpatrick, Brian K. [R-PA-8] (Introduced 02/07/2017) Cosponsors: (86) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 02/08/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Aviation. (All Actions) Tracker: 58. H.R.786 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) ACHE Act Sponsor: Rep. Yarmuth, John A. [D-KY-3] (Introduced 02/01/2017) Cosponsors: (29) Committees: House - Natural Resources, Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce Latest Action: House - 02/10/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources. (All Actions) Tracker: 59. H.R.547 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) National Infrastructure Development Bank Act of 2017 Sponsor: Rep. DeLauro, Rosa L. [D-CT-3] (Introduced 01/13/2017) Cosponsors: (87) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Transportation and Infrastructure, Financial Services, Ways and Means Latest Action: House - 01/17/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment. (All Actions) Tracker: 60. H.R.468 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Foreign Spill Protection Act of 2017 Sponsor: Rep. Curbelo, Carlos [R-FL-26] (Introduced 01/12/2017) Cosponsors: (46) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 01/13/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation. (All Actions) Tracker: 61. H.R.233 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Safe Freight Act of 2017 Sponsor: Rep. Young, Don [R-AK-At Large] (Introduced 01/03/2017) Cosponsors: (120) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 01/04/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials. (All Actions) Tracker: 62. H.R.19 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Smithsonian Women's History Museum Act Sponsor: Rep. Maloney, Carolyn B. [D-NY-12] (Introduced 03/30/2017) Cosponsors: (257) Committees: House - House Administration, Natural Resources, Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 04/07/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Federal Lands. (All Actions) Tracker: 63. H.Con.Res.140 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Expressing the sense of Congress regarding the life and work of Senator John S. McCain III in promoting the United States, human rights, and peace. Sponsor: Rep. Kinzinger, Adam [R-IL-16] (Introduced 09/26/2018) Cosponsors: (76) Committees: House - House Administration, Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 09/26/2018 Referred to the Committee on House Administration, and in addition to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of... (All Actions) Tracker: 65. H.Res.834 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Expressing no confidence in the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency and calling for the immediate resignation of the Administrator. Sponsor: Rep. Castor, Kathy [D-FL-14] (Introduced 04/18/2018) Cosponsors: (145) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Transportation and Infrastructure, Agriculture, Science, Space, and Technology Latest Action: House - 05/22/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Environment. (All Actions) Tracker: 66. H.R.5313 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Water Affordability, Transparency, Equity, and Reliability Act of 2016 Sponsor: Rep. Conyers, John, Jr. [D-MI-13] (Introduced 05/24/2016) Cosponsors: (16) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure, Ways and Means, Energy and Commerce Latest Action: House - 05/25/2016 Referred to the Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment. (All Actions) Tracker: 67. H.R.5147 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) BABIES Act Sponsor: Rep. Cicilline, David N. [D-RI-1] (Introduced 04/29/2016) Cosponsors: (28) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Reports: H. Rept. 114-774 Latest Action: 10/07/2016 Became Public Law No: 114-235. (TXT \| PDF) (All Actions) Tracker: Array ( [actionDate] => 2016-09-20 [displayText] => Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. H. Rept. 114-774. [externalActionCode] => 5000 [description] => Introduced ) Array ( [actionDate] => 2016-09-21 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 389 - 34 (Roll no. 541).(text: CR 09/20/2016 H5701) [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Passed House ) 68. H.R.5090 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) To ensure that air transportation between the United States and the European Union complies with the intent of article 17 bis of the United States-European Union-Norway-Iceland Air Transport Agreement of June 21, 2011. Sponsor: Rep. DeFazio, Peter A. [D-OR-4] (Introduced 04/28/2016) Cosponsors: (176) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 05/02/2016 Referred to the Subcommittee on Aviation. (All Actions) Tracker: 69. H.R.4954 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Water Quality Protection and Job Creation Act of 2016 Sponsor: Rep. DeFazio, Peter A. [D-OR-4] (Introduced 04/15/2016) Cosponsors: (43) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 04/18/2016 Referred to the Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment. (All Actions) Tracker: 70. H.R.4578 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Underground Gas Storage Safety Act Sponsor: Rep. Sherman, Brad [D-CA-30] (Introduced 02/12/2016) Cosponsors: (19) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce Latest Action: House - 02/19/2016 Referred to the Subcommittee on Energy and Power. (All Actions) Tracker: 71. H.R.4479 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Families of Flint Act Sponsor: Rep. Kildee, Daniel T. [D-MI-5] (Introduced 02/04/2016) Cosponsors: (173) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Transportation and Infrastructure, Education and the Workforce, Financial Services, Budget Latest Action: 02/09/2016 Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (CR H598) (All Actions) Tracker: 73. H.R.4238 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) To amend the Department of Energy Organization Act and the Local Public Works Capital Development and Investment Act of 1976 to modernize terms relating to minorities. Sponsor: Rep. Meng, Grace [D-NY-6] (Introduced 12/11/2015) Cosponsors: (76) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: 05/20/2016 Became Public Law No: 114-157. (TXT \| PDF) (All Actions) Tracker: Array ( [actionDate] => 2016-05-09 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate without amendment by Unanimous Consent.(consideration: CR S2649; text: CR 02/29/2016 H1005) [externalActionCode] => 17000 [description] => Passed Senate ) 74. H.R.4144 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Seniors And Veterans Emergency (SAVE) Benefits Act Sponsor: Rep. Duckworth, Tammy [D-IL-8] (Introduced 12/01/2015) Cosponsors: (59) Committees: House - Ways and Means, Transportation and Infrastructure, Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 12/03/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 75. H.R.3788 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) MOVE Act Sponsor: Rep. Ellison, Keith [D-MN-5] (Introduced 10/21/2015) Cosponsors: (4) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 10/22/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Highways and Transit. (All Actions) Tracker: 76. H.R.3740 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Integrated Transportation and Economic Development Act Sponsor: Rep. Waters, Maxine [D-CA-43] (Introduced 10/09/2015) Cosponsors: (16) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 10/10/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Highways and Transit. (All Actions) Tracker: 77. H.R.3555 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Jobs! Jobs! Jobs! Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Wilson, Frederica S. [D-FL-24] (Introduced 09/17/2015) Cosponsors: (35) Committees: House - Ways and Means, Small Business, Education and the Workforce, Judiciary, Transportation and Infrastructure, Financial Services, House Administration, Oversight and Government Reform, Budget Latest Action: House - 03/23/2016 Referred to the Subcommittee on Workforce Protections. (All Actions) Tracker: 78. H.R.3384 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Quiet Communities Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Meng, Grace [D-NY-6] (Introduced 07/29/2015) Cosponsors: (25) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 07/31/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Environment and the Economy. (All Actions) Tracker: 79. H.R.3337 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) National Infrastructure Development Bank Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. DeLauro, Rosa L. [D-CT-3] (Introduced 07/29/2015) Cosponsors: (97) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Transportation and Infrastructure, Financial Services, Ways and Means Latest Action: House - 07/31/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Energy and Power. (All Actions) Tracker: 80. H.R.3303 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Coal Royalty Fairness and Communities Investment Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Cartwright, Matt [D-PA-17] (Introduced 07/29/2015) Cosponsors: (6) Committees: House - Natural Resources, Energy and Commerce, Transportation and Infrastructure, Financial Services Latest Action: House - 08/31/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources. (All Actions) Tracker: 81. H.R.2983 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Drought Recovery and Resilience Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Huffman, Jared [D-CA-2] (Introduced 07/08/2015) Cosponsors: (38) Committees: House - Natural Resources, Budget, Science, Space, and Technology, Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, Judiciary, Ways and Means, Armed Services Latest Action: House - 08/18/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Environment. (All Actions) Tracker: 82. H.R.2859 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Sonoran Corridor Interstate Development Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. McSally, Martha [R-AZ-2] (Introduced 06/23/2015) Cosponsors: (8) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 06/24/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Highways and Transit. (All Actions) Tracker: 83. H.R.2768 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Superfund Reinvestment Act Sponsor: Rep. Blumenauer, Earl [D-OR-3] (Introduced 06/15/2015) Cosponsors: (18) Committees: House - Ways and Means, Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, Budget Latest Action: House - 06/19/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Environment and the Economy. (All Actions) Tracker: 84. H.R.2721 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Pathways Out of Poverty Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Lee, Barbara [D-CA-13] (Introduced 06/10/2015) Cosponsors: (47) Committees: House - Ways and Means, House Administration, Education and the Workforce, Financial Services, Agriculture, Transportation and Infrastructure, Rules, Budget, Oversight and Government Reform, Judiciary Latest Action: House - 11/16/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce Training. (All Actions) Tracker: 85. H.R.2689 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) To clarify the scope of eligible water resources projects under the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 and the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Rep. Walters, Mimi [R-CA-45] (Introduced 06/09/2015) Cosponsors: (38) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 06/10/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment. (All Actions) Tracker: 86. H.R.2595 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Save Our National Parks Transportation Act Sponsor: Rep. Norton, Eleanor Holmes [D-DC-At Large] (Introduced 06/01/2015) Cosponsors: (10) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 06/02/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Highways and Transit. (All Actions) Tracker: 87. H.R.2530 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Friendly Airports for Mothers Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Duckworth, Tammy [D-IL-8] (Introduced 05/21/2015) Cosponsors: (63) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 05/22/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Aviation. (All Actions) Tracker: 88. H.R.2280 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Federal Bird-Safe Buildings Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Quigley, Mike [D-IL-5] (Introduced 05/12/2015) Cosponsors: (27) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 05/13/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings and Emergency Management. (All Actions) Tracker: 89. H.R.1763 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Safe Freight Act Sponsor: Rep. Young, Don [R-AK-At Large] (Introduced 04/13/2015) Cosponsors: (69) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 04/14/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials. (All Actions) Tracker: 90. H.R.1612 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Intermountain West Corridor Development Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Gosar, Paul A. [R-AZ-4] (Introduced 03/25/2015) Cosponsors: (10) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 03/26/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Highways and Transit. (All Actions) Tracker: 93. H.R.1278 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Water Infrastructure Resiliency and Sustainability Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Capps, Lois [D-CA-24] (Introduced 03/04/2015) Cosponsors: (18) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 03/23/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Water, Power and Oceans. (All Actions) Tracker: 94. H.R.1084 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) 21st Century SCASDP Act Sponsor: Rep. O'Rourke, Beto [D-TX-16] (Introduced 02/25/2015) Cosponsors: (9) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 02/26/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Aviation. (All Actions) Tracker: 95. H.R.1009 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Wildfire Prevention Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Ruiz, Raul [D-CA-36] (Introduced 02/13/2015) Cosponsors: (18) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 02/17/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings and Emergency Management. (All Actions) Tracker: 96. H.R.963 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Hardrock Mining Reform and Reclamation Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Grijalva, Raul M. [D-AZ-3] (Introduced 02/13/2015) Cosponsors: (30) Committees: House - Natural Resources, Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 03/16/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources. (All Actions) Tracker: 98. H.R.911 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Saracini Aviation Safety Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Fitzpatrick, Michael G. [R-PA-8] (Introduced 02/12/2015) Cosponsors: (81) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 02/13/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Aviation. (All Actions) Tracker: 99. H.R.774 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing Enforcement Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Bordallo, Madeleine Z. [D-GU-At Large] (Introduced 02/05/2015) Cosponsors: (39) Committees: House - Natural Resources, Transportation and Infrastructure, Judiciary \| Senate - Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee Reports: H. Rept. 114-212 Latest Action: 11/05/2015 Became Public Law No: 114-81. (TXT \| PDF) (All Actions) Tracker: Array ( [actionDate] => 2015-07-20 [displayText] => Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Natural Resources. H. Rept. 114-212, Part I. [externalActionCode] => 5000 [description] => Introduced ) 100. H.R.674 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Pets on Trains Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Denham, Jeff [R-CA-10] (Introduced 02/03/2015) Cosponsors: (33) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 02/04/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials. (All Actions) Tracker: 1234Next PageLast Page Public Lands and Natural Resources [12] Transportation and Infrastructure Remove Energy and Commerce [104] Agriculture [40] Science, Space, and Technology [35] Homeland Security [21] Small Business [11]	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2394
__label__cc	0.731239	0.268761	116 (2019-2020) Senate Concurrent Resolutions (H.Con.Res. or S.Con.Res.) Bills (H.R. or S.) 1. S.2121 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend the Animal Welfare Act to restrict the use of exotic and wild animals in traveling performances. Sponsor: Sen. Menendez, Robert [D-NJ] (Introduced 07/15/2019) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: Senate - Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Latest Action: Senate - 07/15/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. (All Actions) Tracker: 2. S.2120 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to prohibit the provision of Federal funds to State and local governments for payment of obligations, to prohibit the Federal Reserve Banks, the Department of the Treasury, and other Federal agencies from financially assisting State and local governments that have defaulted on their obligations, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Young, Todd [R-IN] (Introduced 07/15/2019) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: Senate - Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 07/15/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 3. S.2119 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) No latest title... Sponsor: Sen. Fischer, Deb [R-NE] (Introduced 07/15/2019) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: Senate - Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 07/15/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 4. S.2118 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to prohibit United States persons from dealing in certain information and communications technology or services from foreign adversaries and to require the approval of Congress to terminate certain export controls in effect with respect to Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Cotton, Tom [R-AR] (Introduced 07/15/2019) Cosponsors: (5) Committees: Senate - Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 07/15/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 5. S.2117 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to limit the authority of the Secretary of Commerce to remove Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. from the entity list maintained by the Bureau of Industry and Security. Sponsor: Sen. Romney, Mitt [R-UT] (Introduced 07/15/2019) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: Senate - Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 07/15/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 6. S.2116 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to establish rules for payment for graduate medical education (GME) costs for hospitals that establish a new medical residency training program after hosting resident rotators for short durations. Sponsor: Sen. Menendez, Robert [D-NJ] (Introduced 07/15/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Finance Latest Action: Senate - 07/15/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance. (All Actions) Tracker: 7. S.2115 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend title 5, United States Code, to modify the period after retirement for authority of the Department of Defense to appoint retired members of the armed forces to positions within the Department after retirement. Sponsor: Sen. Lankford, James [R-OK] (Introduced 07/15/2019) Cosponsors: (4) Committees: Senate - Armed Services Latest Action: Senate - 07/15/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Armed Services. (All Actions) Tracker: 8. S.2114 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to provide the legal framework and income tax treatment necessary for the growth of innovative private financing options, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Young, Todd [R-IN] (Introduced 07/15/2019) Cosponsors: (3) Committees: Senate - Finance Latest Action: Senate - 07/15/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance. (All Actions) Tracker: 9. S.2113 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to protect the health and safety of children in immigration detention, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Merkley, Jeff [D-OR] (Introduced 07/15/2019) Cosponsors: (39) Committees: Senate - Judiciary Latest Action: Senate - 07/15/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. (All Actions) Tracker: 10. S.2112 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) No latest title... Sponsor: Sen. Harris, Kamala D. [D-CA] (Introduced 07/15/2019) Cosponsors: (5) Committees: Senate - Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Latest Action: Senate - 07/15/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. (All Actions) Tracker: 11. S.2111 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) No latest title... Sponsor: Sen. Harris, Kamala D. [D-CA] (Introduced 07/15/2019) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: Senate - Judiciary Latest Action: Senate - 07/15/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. (All Actions) Tracker: 12. S.2110 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) No latest title... Sponsor: Sen. Murphy, Christopher [D-CT] (Introduced 07/15/2019) Cosponsors: (4) Committees: Senate - Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Latest Action: Senate - 07/15/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. (All Actions) Tracker: 13. S.2109 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to modify the proof of concept commercialization program of the Department of Defense, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Rounds, Mike [R-SD] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Armed Services Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Armed Services. (All Actions) Tracker: 14. S.2108 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend section 6903 of title 31, United States Code, to provide for additional population tiers, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Daines, Steve [R-MT] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker: 15. S.2107 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to increase the number of CBP Agriculture Specialists and support staff in the Office of Field Operations of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Peters, Gary C. [D-MI] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (3) Committees: Senate - Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 16. S.2106 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend title 38, United States Code, to prohibit smoking on the premises of any facility of the Veterans Health Administration, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Durbin, Richard J. [D-IL] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (12) Committees: Senate - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. (text: CR S4809) (All Actions) Tracker: 17. S.2105 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend the Clean Air Act to clarify when a physical change in, or change in the method of operation of, a stationary source constitutes a modification, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Paul, Rand [R-KY] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: Senate - Environment and Public Works Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works. (All Actions) Tracker: 18. S.2104 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend the Clean Air Act to exclude energy efficiency projects, pollution control projects, and reliability projects from the definition of a modification. Sponsor: Sen. Paul, Rand [R-KY] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: Senate - Environment and Public Works Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works. (All Actions) Tracker: 19. S.2103 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to improve access to affordable insulin. Sponsor: Sen. Durbin, Richard J. [D-IL] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: Senate - Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. (text: CR S4809) (All Actions) Tracker: 20. S.2102 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to provide funding for programs and activities under the SUPPORT for Patients and Communities Act. Sponsor: Sen. Shaheen, Jeanne [D-NH] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: Senate - Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. (All Actions) Tracker: 21. S.2101 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 and the Portal-to-Portal Act of 1947 to prevent wage theft and assist in the recovery of stolen wages, to authorize the Secretary of Labor to administer grants to prevent wage and hour violations, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Murray, Patty [D-WA] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (25) Committees: Senate - Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. (All Actions) Tracker: 22. S.2100 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to establish a small business start-up tax credit for veterans creating businesses in underserved communities. Sponsor: Sen. Rosen, Jacky [D-NV] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (3) Committees: Senate - Finance Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance. (All Actions) Tracker: 23. S.2099 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to redesignate the Sullys Hill National Game Preserve in the State of North Dakota as the White Horse Hill National Game Preserve. Sponsor: Sen. Cramer, Kevin [R-ND] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Environment and Public Works Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works. (All Actions) Tracker: 24. S.2098 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend the Revised Statutes to grant State attorneys general the ability to issue subpoenas to investigate suspected violations of State laws that are applicable to national banks. Sponsor: Sen. Harris, Kamala D. [D-CA] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (6) Committees: Senate - Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 25. S.2097 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend section 287 of the Immigration and Nationality Act to limit immigration enforcement actions at sensitive locations, to clarify the powers of immigration officers at such locations, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Blumenthal, Richard [D-CT] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (18) Committees: Senate - Judiciary Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. (All Actions) Tracker: 26. S.2096 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend title 38, United States Code, to authorize States and tribal organizations that receive grants from the National Cemetery Administration for establishment, expansion, or improvement of veterans' cemeteries to use amounts of such grants for State and tribal organization cemetery personnel to train at the training center of the National Cemetery Administration, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Boozman, John [R-AR] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 27. S.2095 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to provide for certain programs and developments in the Department of Energy concerning the cybersecurity and vulnerabilities of, and physical threat to, the electric grid, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Gardner, Cory [R-CO] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker: 28. S.2094 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend the Energy Policy and Conservation Act to provide Federal financial assistance to States to implement State energy security plans, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Gardner, Cory [R-CO] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker: 29. S.2093 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to provide for the establishment of the Thorium-Bearing Rare Earth Refinery Cooperative, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Rubio, Marco [R-FL] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker: 30. S.2092 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend the Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration Act to modernize the funding of wildlife conservation, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Risch, James E. [R-ID] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (8) Committees: Senate - Environment and Public Works Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works. (All Actions) Tracker: 31. S.2091 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to reduce the backlog of foreign nationals seeking employment-based visas, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Paul, Rand [R-KY] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: Senate - Judiciary Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. (All Actions) Tracker: 32. S.2090 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to direct the Attorney General to submit to Congress investigative materials in the event of certain pardons granted by the President, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Cortez Masto, Catherine [D-NV] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (4) Committees: Senate - Judiciary Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. (All Actions) Tracker: 33. S.2089 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to prohibit the labeling of certain opioid drugs recommending use for long-term chronic pain. Sponsor: Sen. Manchin, Joe, III [D-WV] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. (All Actions) Tracker: 34. S.2088 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 to ensure community accountability for areas repetitively damaged by floods, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Scott, Tim [R-SC] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 35. S.2087 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to improve the removal of lead from drinking water in public housing. Sponsor: Sen. Duckworth, Tammy [D-IL] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (3) Committees: Senate - Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 36. S.2086 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend the Safe Drinking Water Act to improve transparency under the national primary drinking water regulations for lead and copper, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Duckworth, Tammy [D-IL] (Introduced 07/11/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Environment and Public Works Latest Action: Senate - 07/11/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works. (All Actions) Tracker: 37. S.2085 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to authorize the Secretary of Education to award grants to eligible entities to carry out educational programs about the Holocaust, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Rosen, Jacky [D-NV] (Introduced 07/10/2019) Cosponsors: (5) Committees: Senate - Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Latest Action: Senate - 07/10/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. (All Actions) Tracker: 38. S.2084 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend title 23, United States Code, to require transportation planners to consider projects and strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Markey, Edward J. [D-MA] (Introduced 07/10/2019) Cosponsors: (3) Committees: Senate - Environment and Public Works Latest Action: Senate - 07/10/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works. (All Actions) Tracker: 39. S.2083 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend chapter 2205 of title 36, United States Code, to ensure pay equity for amateur athletes, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA] (Introduced 07/10/2019) Cosponsors: (11) Committees: Senate - Commerce, Science, and Transportation Latest Action: Senate - 07/10/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. (Sponsor introductory remarks on measure: CR S4775-4776) (All Actions) Tracker: 40. S.2082 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to strengthen the position of the United States as the world's leading innovator by amending title 35, United States Code, to protect the property rights of the inventors that grow the country's economy. Sponsor: Sen. Coons, Christopher A. [D-DE] (Introduced 07/10/2019) Cosponsors: (5) Committees: Senate - Judiciary Latest Action: Senate - 07/10/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. (All Actions) Tracker: 41. S.2081 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to require drug manufacturers to provide rebates for drugs furnished under Medicare part B for which the growth in average sales price has exceeded inflation, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Peters, Gary C. [D-MI] (Introduced 07/10/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Finance Latest Action: Senate - 07/10/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance. (All Actions) Tracker: 42. S.2080 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend the Public Health Service Act to increase the number of permanent faculty in palliative care at accredited allopathic and osteopathic medical schools, nursing schools, social work schools, and other programs, including physician assistant education programs, to promote education and research in palliative care and hospice, and to support the development of faculty careers in academic palliative medicine. Sponsor: Sen. Baldwin, Tammy [D-WI] (Introduced 07/10/2019) Cosponsors: (11) Committees: Senate - Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Latest Action: Senate - 07/10/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. (All Actions) Tracker: 43. S.2079 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to treat certain tribal benefits as earned income for purposes of the kiddie tax. Sponsor: Sen. Murkowski, Lisa [R-AK] (Introduced 07/10/2019) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: Senate - Finance Latest Action: Senate - 07/10/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance. (All Actions) Tracker: 44. S.2078 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to treat Alaska Permanent Fund dividends as earned income for purposes of the kiddie tax. Sponsor: Sen. Murkowski, Lisa [R-AK] (Introduced 07/10/2019) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: Senate - Finance Latest Action: Senate - 07/10/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance. (All Actions) Tracker: 45. S.2077 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to establish the complete streets program, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Markey, Edward J. [D-MA] (Introduced 07/10/2019) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: Senate - Environment and Public Works Latest Action: Senate - 07/10/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works. (All Actions) Tracker: 46. S.2076 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to reform the screening and eviction policies for Federal housing assistance in order to provide fair access to housing, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Harris, Kamala D. [D-CA] (Introduced 07/10/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 07/10/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 47. S.2075 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to require issuers to disclose certain activities relating to climate change, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Warren, Elizabeth [D-MA] (Introduced 07/10/2019) Cosponsors: (15) Committees: Senate - Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 07/10/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 48. S.2074 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend section 303(g) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 823(g)) to eliminate the separate registration requirement for dispensing narcotic drugs in schedule III, IV, or V, such as buprenorphine, for maintenance or detoxification treatment, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Hassan, Margaret Wood [D-NH] (Introduced 07/10/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Latest Action: Senate - 07/10/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. (All Actions) Tracker: 49. S.2073 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to address fees erroneously collected by Department of Veterans Affairs for housing loans, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Boozman, John [R-AR] (Introduced 07/10/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 07/10/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 50. S.2072 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to provide for an increase, effective December 1, 2019, in the rates of compensation for veterans with service-connected disabilities and the rates of dependency and indemnity compensation for the survivors of certain disabled veterans, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Isakson, Johnny [R-GA] (Introduced 07/10/2019) Cosponsors: (16) Committees: Senate - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 07/10/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 51. S.2071 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to repeal certain obsolete laws relating to Indians. Sponsor: Sen. Rounds, Mike [R-SD] (Introduced 07/10/2019) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: Senate - Indian Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 07/10/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 52. S.2070 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to create a new Federal grant program that provides grants to State libraries to allow schools with summer lunch programs to keep their libraries open for student use during the summer months. Sponsor: Sen. Merkley, Jeff [D-OR] (Introduced 07/10/2019) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: Senate - Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Latest Action: Senate - 07/10/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. (All Actions) Tracker: 53. S.2069 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to assist prisoners of conscience in Burma, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Markey, Edward J. [D-MA] (Introduced 07/10/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Foreign Relations Latest Action: Senate - 07/10/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. (All Actions) Tracker: 54. S.2068 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to prohibit the Bureau of the Census from including citizenship data in the legislative redistricting data prepared by the Bureau. Sponsor: Sen. Booker, Cory A. [D-NJ] (Introduced 07/10/2019) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: Senate - Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 07/10/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 55. S.2067 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend title XIX of the Social Security Act to encourage States to disregard parental income and assets when determining Medicaid eligibility for disabled children. Sponsor: Sen. Casey, Robert P., Jr. [D-PA] (Introduced 07/10/2019) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: Senate - Finance Latest Action: Senate - 07/10/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance. (All Actions) Tracker: 56. S.2066 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to review United States Saudi Arabia Policy, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Risch, James E. [R-ID] (Introduced 07/09/2019) Cosponsors: (4) Committees: Senate - Foreign Relations Latest Action: Senate - 07/09/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. (All Actions) Tracker: 57. S.2065 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to require the Secretary of Homeland Security to publish an annual report on the use of deepfake technology, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Portman, Rob [R-OH] (Introduced 07/09/2019) Cosponsors: (6) Committees: Senate - Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 07/09/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 58. S.2064 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to direct the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts to consolidate the Case Management/Electronic Case Files system, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Portman, Rob [R-OH] (Introduced 07/09/2019) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: Senate - Judiciary Latest Action: Senate - 07/09/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. (All Actions) Tracker: 59. S.2063 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend title XI of the Social Security Act with respect to organ procurement organizations. Sponsor: Sen. Young, Todd [R-IN] (Introduced 07/09/2019) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: Senate - Finance Latest Action: 07/09/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance. (All Actions) Tracker: 60. S.2062 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to prohibit the use of funds for the 2026 World Cup unless the United States Soccer Federation provides equitable pay to the members of the United States Women's National Team and the United States Men's National Team. Sponsor: Sen. Manchin, Joe, III [D-WV] (Introduced 07/09/2019) Cosponsors: (9) Committees: Senate - Commerce, Science, and Transportation Latest Action: Senate - 07/09/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. (All Actions) Tracker: 61. S.2061 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend the United States Housing Act of 1937 and title 38, United States Code, to expand eligibility for the HUD-VASH program, to direct the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to submit annual reports to the Committees on Veterans' Affairs of the Senate and House of Representatives regarding homeless veterans, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Tester, Jon [D-MT] (Introduced 07/09/2019) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: Senate - Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 07/09/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 62. S.2060 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to require policies and programs to prevent and treat gambling disorder among members of the Armed Forces and their dependents, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Warren, Elizabeth [D-MA] (Introduced 07/09/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Armed Services Latest Action: Senate - 07/09/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Armed Services. (All Actions) Tracker: 63. S.2059 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to provide a civil remedy for individuals harmed by sanctuary jurisdiction policies, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Tillis, Thom [R-NC] (Introduced 07/09/2019) Cosponsors: (5) Committees: Senate - Judiciary Latest Action: Senate - 07/09/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. (All Actions) Tracker: 64. S.2058 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend title 10, United States Code, to improve policy and data collection in connection with personnel tempo of the Armed Forces and the United States Special Operations Command, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Rounds, Mike [R-SD] (Introduced 07/09/2019) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: Senate - Armed Services Latest Action: Senate - 07/09/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Armed Services. (All Actions) Tracker: 65. S.2057 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) National Climate Bank Act Sponsor: Sen. Markey, Edward J. [D-MA] (Introduced 07/08/2019) Cosponsors: (3) Committees: Senate - Environment and Public Works Latest Action: Senate - 07/08/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works. (All Actions) Tracker: 66. S.2056 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Build America, Buy America Act Sponsor: Sen. Brown, Sherrod [D-OH] (Introduced 07/08/2019) Cosponsors: (3) Committees: Senate - Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 07/08/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 67. S.2055 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to allow the Coast Guard to issue a certificate of documentation with a coastwise endorsement for the vessel OLIVER HAZARD PERRY, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI] (Introduced 07/08/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Commerce, Science, and Transportation Latest Action: Senate - 07/08/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. (All Actions) Tracker: 68. S.2054 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to posthumously award the Congressional Gold Medal, collectively, to Glen Doherty, Tyrone Woods, J. Christopher Stevens, and Sean Smith, in recognition of their contributions to the Nation. Sponsor: Sen. Markey, Edward J. [D-MA] (Introduced 07/08/2019) Cosponsors: (15) Committees: Senate - Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 07/08/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 69. S.2053 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) SAFE Act Sponsor: Sen. Klobuchar, Amy [D-MN] (Introduced 06/28/2019) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: Senate - Rules and Administration Latest Action: Senate - 06/28/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Rules and Administration. (All Actions) Tracker: 70. S.2052 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to authorize the honorary promotion of Colonel Charles E. McGee to brigadier general in the United States Air Force. Sponsor: Sen. Van Hollen, Chris [D-MD] (Introduced 06/28/2019) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: Senate - Armed Services Latest Action: Senate - 06/28/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Armed Services. (All Actions) Tracker: 71. S.2051 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Strengthening Average Sales Price Reporting Act of 2019 Sponsor: Sen. Menendez, Robert [D-NJ] (Introduced 06/28/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Finance Latest Action: Senate - 06/28/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance. (All Actions) Tracker: 72. S.2050 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) LEED Act Sponsor: Sen. Gardner, Cory [R-CO] (Introduced 06/28/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Foreign Relations Latest Action: Senate - 06/28/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. (All Actions) Tracker: 73. S.2049 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend the Higher Education Act of 1965 to automatically discharge the loans of certain veteran borrowers, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Reed, Jack [D-RI] (Introduced 06/28/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Latest Action: Senate - 06/28/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. (Sponsor introductory remarks on measure: CR S4678) (All Actions) Tracker: 74. S.2048 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Joint Long-Term Storage Act of 2019 Sponsor: Sen. King, Angus S., Jr. [I-ME] (Introduced 06/28/2019) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 07/09/2019 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Energy. Hearings held. (All Actions) Tracker: 75. S.2047 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to provide for a 2-week extension of the Medicaid community mental health services demonstration program, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Schumer, Charles E. [D-NY] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (0) Latest Action: 07/05/2019 Became Public Law No: 116-29. (All Actions) Tracker: Array ( [actionDate] => 2019-06-27 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in Senate: Introduced in the Senate, read twice, considered, read the third time, and passed without amendment by Unanimous Consent.(consideration: CR S4648-4649; text: CR S4635, S4649) [externalActionCode] => 17000 [description] => Passed Senate ) 76. S.2046 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Protect Health Care for Retired Public Safety Officers Act of 2019 Sponsor: Sen. Peters, Gary C. [D-MI] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: Senate - Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 77. S.2045 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) SBIR and STTR Permanency and Improvement Act of 2019 Sponsor: Sen. Shaheen, Jeanne [D-NH] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: Senate - Small Business and Entrepreneurship Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship. (All Actions) Tracker: 78. S.2044 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Water Supply Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Utilization Act Sponsor: Sen. McSally, Martha [R-AZ] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker: 79. S.2043 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Jabara-Heyer NO HATE Act Sponsor: Sen. Blumenthal, Richard [D-CT] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (8) Committees: Senate - Judiciary Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. (All Actions) Tracker: 80. S.2042 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) National Purple Heart Hall of Honor Commemorative Coin Act Sponsor: Sen. Schumer, Charles E. [D-NY] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (3) Committees: Senate - Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 81. S.2041 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Green Spaces, Green Vehicles Act of 2019 Sponsor: Sen. Cortez Masto, Catherine [D-NV] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (6) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker: 82. S.2040 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Electric Transportation Commission and National Strategy Act Sponsor: Sen. Cortez Masto, Catherine [D-NV] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (6) Committees: Senate - Commerce, Science, and Transportation Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. (All Actions) Tracker: 83. S.2039 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Greener Transportation for Communities Act Sponsor: Sen. Cortez Masto, Catherine [D-NV] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: Senate - Finance Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance. (All Actions) Tracker: 84. S.2038 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Clean Fuel Infrastructure Act Sponsor: Sen. Cortez Masto, Catherine [D-NV] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: Senate - Finance Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance. (All Actions) Tracker: 85. S.2037 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Building Indigenous STEM Professionals Act Sponsor: Sen. Murkowski, Lisa [R-AK] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. (All Actions) Tracker: 86. S.2036 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Youth Summer Jobs and Public Service Act of 2019 Sponsor: Sen. Cardin, Benjamin L. [D-MD] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. (All Actions) Tracker: 87. S.2035 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) TSA Credential and Endorsement Harmonization Act of 2019 Sponsor: Sen. Duckworth, Tammy [D-IL] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Commerce, Science, and Transportation Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. (All Actions) Tracker: 88. S.2034 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Small Business Cybersecurity Assistance Act of 2019 Sponsor: Sen. Peters, Gary C. [D-MI] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Small Business and Entrepreneurship Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship. (All Actions) Tracker: 89. S.2033 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Cullum Owings Large Truck Safe Operating Speed Act of 2019 Sponsor: Sen. Isakson, Johnny [R-GA] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Commerce, Science, and Transportation Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. (All Actions) Tracker: 90. S.2032 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Cannabidiol and Marihuana Research Expansion Act Sponsor: Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (9) Committees: Senate - Judiciary Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. (Sponsor introductory remarks on measure: CR S4633-4634) (All Actions) Tracker: 91. S.2031 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Veterans Enhancing Transportation Act Sponsor: Sen. Barrasso, John [R-WY] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: Senate - Environment and Public Works Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works. (All Actions) Tracker: 92. S.2030 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) State Cannabis Commerce Act Sponsor: Sen. Wyden, Ron [D-OR] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: Senate - Judiciary Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. (All Actions) Tracker: 93. S.2029 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to permanently extend the Indian coal production tax credit, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Daines, Steve [R-MT] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: Senate - Finance Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance. (All Actions) Tracker: 94. S.2028 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Rural Jobs Act Sponsor: Sen. Wicker, Roger F. [R-MS] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (3) Committees: Senate - Finance Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance. (All Actions) Tracker: 95. S.2027 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) A bill to amend title 38, United States Code, to expand the scope of the Advisory Committee on Minority Veterans, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Sen. Duckworth, Tammy [D-IL] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (12) Committees: Senate - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 96. S.2026 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Farm to School Act of 2019 Sponsor: Sen. Leahy, Patrick J. [D-VT] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (3) Committees: Senate - Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. (Sponsor introductory remarks on measure: CR S4633) (All Actions) Tracker: 97. S.2025 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Agricultural Trucking Relief Act of 2019 Sponsor: Sen. Perdue, David [R-GA] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (8) Committees: Senate - Commerce, Science, and Transportation Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. (All Actions) Tracker: 98. S.2024 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) USA Civics Act of 2019 Sponsor: Sen. Cornyn, John [R-TX] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. (All Actions) Tracker: 99. S.2023 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) FAST Fix Act of 2019 Sponsor: Sen. Risch, James E. [R-ID] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (6) Committees: Senate - Small Business and Entrepreneurship Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship. (All Actions) Tracker: 100. S.2022 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) Paul Benne Specially Adaptive Housing Improvement Act of 2019 Sponsor: Sen. Moran, Jerry [R-KS] (Introduced 06/27/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: Senate - 06/27/2019 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: 116 (2019-2020) [2,142] 99 (1985-1986) [3,129] Resolutions (H.Res. or S.Res.) [276] Health [254] Taxation [192] Armed Forces and National Security [164] Government Operations and Politics [139] Public Lands and Natural Resources [130] Crime and Law Enforcement [114] Education [107] Finance and Financial Sector [84] Science, Technology, Communications [70] Immigration [66] Labor and Employment [58] Native Americans [35] Economics and Public Finance [30] Housing and Community Development [25] Agriculture and Food [23] Foreign Trade and International Finance [22] Law [22] Animals [13] Families [13] Finance [378] Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions [330] Judiciary [254] Energy and Natural Resources [183] Commerce, Science, and Transportation [173] Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs [160] Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs [137] Environment and Public Works [98] Indian Affairs [39] Rules and Administration [37] Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry [34] Small Business and Entrepreneurship [24] Appropriations [15] Military Personnel [1] Border Security, Facilitation, and Operations [1] Antitrust, Commercial, and Administrative Law [1] Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties [1] Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security [6] Immigration and Citizenship [3] Indigenous Peoples of the United States [8] Water, Oceans, and Wildlife [1] Senate Subcommittee Public Lands, Forests, and Mining [8] Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Regulatory Affairs and Federal Management [7] Klobuchar, Amy [D-MN] [62] Rubio, Marco [R-FL] [62] Merkley, Jeff [D-OR] [53] Casey, Robert P., Jr. [D-PA] [51] Markey, Edward J. [D-MA] [49] Blumenthal, Richard [D-CT] [408] Klobuchar, Amy [D-MN] [344] Gillibrand, Kirsten E. [D-NY] [286] Merkley, Jeff [D-OR] [285] Harris, Kamala D. [D-CA] [273] Democratic [1,220]	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2395
__label__wiki	0.644995	0.644995	BNI is a multi-national networking organization that helps its members develop business by personal recommendations. It has 160,000 members worldwide, organized into chapters, and operates in more than 40 countries using a franchise model. It invested heavily in a suite of management tools build around a web infrastructure with browser-based front end allied to a robust back end. But it found take up was low and development lifecycles lengthy. They wanted something more modern, agile and with the elusive “wow” factor. To them this meant an app. Our experience told us that for their business an app would add complexity and cost. An online, connected experience that was platform-agnostic and built around an existing product was a more efficient, cost effective option. We suggested they would be better served leveraging their initial investment and moving forward their existing product. We conducted in-depth interviews with people from all levels of the business in several key territories – from chapter members to franchise operators. We took part in senior strategy sessions to understand the goals of the business moving forward. We also conducted our own heuristic review into the usability of the existing product. It quickly became clear to us that there were two distinct cohorts that needed to be supported: The people who operated the business side of BNI, and the members who use it for networking. And it was the members who were most unhappy and driving the move for a more flexible tool they could use. We recommended that BNI split their existing front end in two unequal parts, each plugging into the same back-end. Most of the existing tool would be retained as s management system for the operational side of BNI. A standalone product, comprising the five or six functions most used by members to develop their own businesses, would be created to run in parallel. This would be fully responsive, allowing it to be accessed across multiple platforms and form factors. Such a system, based on the concept of “evolution not revolution” would be relatively quick to market and easier to maintain and develop than a purely native-app strategy. And, because we believe in delighting our customers, we did show them how, if they really, really wanted, our solution could be contained within a light-touch app wrapper and made available via the Apple app store and Google Play. We were then asked to produce and user-test a prototype. Initial storyboards of the flow were made Wireframes of the design were created Simple designs brought the wireframes to life Feedback from client helped changed the design How We Made a Difference Connected Digital’s prototype proved popular with users on a global scale – with 87% of survey respondents saying they would want to use it on a daily or weekly basis. It proved an energizing experience for many, convincing them that the business was in touch with them and prepared to listen and react to their requirements. enquiries@connecteddigital.com 78 Bartholomew St RG14 7AB Connected Digital Polska Sp. z o.o. Rejtana 36/10 2010-2019 © Connected Digital Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Our Privacy Policy \| Cookies Policy Registered in England No: 6341091 \| VAT No: 917 3212 43	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2396
__label__wiki	0.925429	0.925429	A MASTER’S PLAN: How George H.W. Bush Orchestrated His Own Perfect Memorial Service How do you take a man — a 94-year-old man, a man who spent his life in service of his country, enlisting in the military at 18 years old to serve in World War II, where his plane was shot down and he barely escaped capture, a man who went on to become a congressman, an ambassador to China, a CIA director, a vice president and the 41st President of the United States — and sum up his life in a 90-minute memorial? George Herbert Walker Bush had a plan, and it was wild enough to work. Before his death Friday, Bush handpicked the speakers who would deliver eulogies at his memorial, which was held Wednesday at the Washington National Cathedral. He would, of course, have his son, George W. Bush, also a former president, speak. But then Bush picked three unusual men to fill out the card: A former, and often cantankerous, senator from Wyoming; a presidential historian who had been, at times, a frank critic; and of course, a former prime minister of Canada (who else?). The foursome made a perfect, if odd, group to remember America’s last president of the Greatest Generation, a man who had literally done it all. Historian Jon Meacham, author of a 2015 biography of Bush, took the podium first in the ornate cathedral, laying out the life of the 41st president, whom he called “America’s last great soldier statesman, a 20th century founding father.” “Politics isn’t a pure undertaking — not if you want to win it’s not,” Meacham said, drawing a grin and a knowing nod from George W. Bush. But Bush the elder rose above all that. “Strong and gracious, comforting and charming, loving and loyal, he was our shield in danger’s hour,” Meacham said. And Meacham told wonderful stories about Bush, saying that once, on a campaign stop in New Hampshire, the young candidate had tried to shake the hand of a mannequin at a department store. Unruffled, “When he realized his mistake, he said, ‘Never know. Gotta ask.’” Meacham recounted how comedian Dana Carvey had once said the key to impersonating Bush, as he did for years on “Saturday Night Live,” was to do Mr. Rogers trying to be John Wayne.” And the historian noted to laughter that Bush, like his son, would sometimes misspeak, once saying, “It’s no exaggeration to say that the undecideds could go one way or the other.” “His tongue may have run amok at moments,” Meacham said, “but his heart was steadfast. His life code, as he said, was: Tell the truth, don’t blame people, be strong, do your best, try hard, forgive, stay the course. And that was — and is — the most American of creeds.” That was 41 in a nutshell. Next to deliver a eulogy was former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, who became lifelong friends with Bush as they both led their nations. He too told stories about Bush’s storybook life, about the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Cold War (which occurred under his presidency), about all his achievements as president — and about his honor. “There is a word for this: It is called ‘leadership.’ And let me tell you that when George Bush was president of the United States of America, every single head of government in the world knew they were dealing with a true gentlemen, a genuine leader, one who was distinguished, resolute and brave,” Mulroney said. Then up came former Sen. Alan Simpson of Wyoming, 87 and still sharp as a tack. Simpson told wonderful stories about quiet days he spent with Bush, about how the then-vice president sought to buck him up when his career was heading south, about attending plays and fishing, and how Bush loved jokes “but he never, ever could remember a punch line. And I mean ‘never.’” And he had delightful lines perfect for Washington — today or any time. “He was man of such great humility,” Simpson said, noting that “those who travel the high road of humility in Washington, D.C., are not bothered by heavy traffic.” Then Simpson summed up his longtime friend. “He never hated anyone. He knew what his mother and my mother always knew: Hatred corrodes the container it’s carried in. The most decent and honorable person I ever met was my friend, George Bush. One of nature’s noblemen. His epitaph? Perhaps just a single letter, the letter ‘L’ for loyalty. It coursed through his blood. Loyalty to his country, loyalty to his family, loyalty to his friends, loyalty to the institutions of government and always, always, always a friend to his friends,” Simpson said. Last to the podium was his eldest son, the 43rd president of the United States. W. spoke quickly, no doubt trying to stave off the tears he knew would come (and they did). He, too, told of his father’s extraordinary ability to keep his sense of humor, his legendary speed golf, and the fact that “he was born with just two settings: full throttle, then sleep.” “To us he was close to perfect, but not totally perfect. His short game was lousy. He wasn’t exactly Fred Astaire on the dance floor. The man couldn’t stomach vegetables, especially broccoli. And by the way, he passed these genetic defects on to us,” Bush the younger said to laughter. Then Bush reached the part of his eulogy he likely knew would bring a flood of tears, when he would speak of his mom, the 73-year marriage of his parents, his sister Robin, who died at age 3 of leukemia, and the last days of his father. “In his old age, Dad enjoyed watching police show reruns — volume on high — all the while holding mom’s hand. After Mom died, Dad was strong, but all he really wanted to do was to hold Mom’s hand again,” he said. W. closed with this: “We’re going to miss you. Your decency, sincerity, and kind soul will stay with us forever. So, through our tears, let us see the blessings of knowing and loving you — a great and noble man, and the best father a son or daughter could have,” Bush said, choking on emotion. “And in our grief,” he said, blinking back tears, “let us smile knowing that Dad is hugging Robin — and holding Mom’s hand again.”	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2397
__label__cc	0.639483	0.360517	RED PLANET CLEANS UP OKINAWA’S BIBI BEACH NAHA – Red Planet Japan recently brought together local communities and hotel partners on Okinawa island to remove rubbish from the picturesque Bibi beach. The third of its kind for Red Planet Hotels, the beach clean-up is a continuation of the company’s efforts across the region, and underlines the brand’s mission for cleaner oceans and coastlines. Offering a unique subtropical climate in Japan, tourists throng to discover the nine UNESCO World Heritage sites and abundant coral reefs in Okinawa. Breaking records for both Japanese and foreign visitors year after year, Okinawa saw growth of 1.5% and 11.5% in domestic and international tourists, respectively, in 2018. The prefecture anticipates welcoming 12 million visitors by 2021, driven primarily by increasing air links between Naha Airport and major East Asian cities. The Bibi beach clean-up attracted 159 volunteers who share environmental concerns and, especially, alarm over increasing plastic pollution. The participants included Red Planet’s local partners, travel agents, suppliers, and Happy Terrace, a local community group supporting children with developmental disabilities. “Responding to environmental threats is an immediate priority for the travel industry – pollution and humankind’s impact on the planet must concern us all. Each player in the travel and hotel sector must play a role in ensuring the sustainability of the ever-increasing tourism industry. Guests, especially millennial-aged travellers, are increasingly mindful of worsening pollution, and a hotel’s social and environmental effort matter to them,” said Red Planet’s Director of Operations for Japan, Mika Umemura, adding “Red Planet has set ambitious green goals, including removal of all single-use plastic from its hotels. At the same time, we seek to regularly contribute to environmental clean-up efforts such as the well-attended Bibi beach initiative.” The Okinawa beach clean-up is part of the sustainability goals established by Red Planet earlier this year, and is the latest in a series of such initiatives organised by the hotel group. Red Planet has undertaken beach clean-ups in Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines. About Red Planet Japan, Inc. Red Planet Japan, Inc. is the JASDAQ-listed Japanese operation of Red Planet Hotels Limited. The company commenced operations in Japan in August 2013 with the opening of Red Planet Okinawa Naha, followed by the opening of Red Planet Tokyo Asakusa in 2015. Red Planet Nagoya Nishiki subsequently opened in October 2017. In June 2018, Red Planet opened Red Planet Sapporo Susukino South, its first property in Sapporo. Red Planet Sapporo Susukino Central and Red Planet Hiroshima are currently under development and are expected to open by 2019 and 2020, respectively. The company’s newly established joint venture intends to acquire another 5 development sites by mid-2019. Red Planet Japan has also acquired its parent company’s Thailand-based operations and development sites in Bangkok, Thailand and Manila, Philippines, with three hotels sequenced to open by 2020. The Company is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol 3350. Red Planet Hotels, founded in 2010, is a privately-owned regional hotel group focused on Asia’s expanding budget hotel sector. The company owns and operates 30 hotels in Indonesia (7), Japan (5), the Philippines (13), and Thailand (5) for a total of 4,779 rooms. 14 additional hotels, comprising 2,669 rooms, will open across Japan, Thailand, and the Philippines in 2019 and 2020. These hotels will open using Red Planet’s robust and scalable technology platform, providing both advanced reservation software, ensuring a fast and efficient booking process, and local attraction guides for customers. Red Planet comprises a stylish budget hotel offering, with all its properties centrally located and equipped with high-speed Wi-Fi. Red Planet’s companies based in Jakarta (Red Planet Indonesia - PSKT:IJ) and Tokyo (Red Planet Japan - 3350:JP) are listed on the Indonesian and Japanese stock exchanges, respectively. For more information, please visit: www.redplanethotels.com	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2399
__label__wiki	0.526855	0.526855	The Wealth Primary I wrote this post in 2006 when I was working for John Bonifaz's campaign for secretary of state of Massachusetts. Today's Supreme Court decision makes it even more relevant now. Please re-post this link. by cos, Thu Jun 29, 2006 at 07:43:34 AM EDT This week's decision by the Supreme Court, striking down the spending and contribution limits in Vermont's public financing law, is a good time to reflect on why so many Americans want clean elections through public financing. Money distorts and corrodes politics in many different ways. Today, with June 30th filing deadlines approaching in federal and many state electons, one in particular is on my mind: the wealth primary. Early in the 20th century, "white primaries" excluded black voters from determining party nominees in many states. They were considered legal under the theory that they were not "state action" - primaries were a private function carried out by party clubs, so equal protection did not apply. In the mid-20th century, the Supreme Court ruled "white primaries" unconstitutional, by reinterpreting "state action" to apply to processes that were clearly such a critical part of the electoral process. Being allowed to vote in the general election, but not to select your party's nominee, was an incomplete right to vote, and equal protection did apply. Whites-only primaries are gone, but we still have another process that excludes whole classes of people from a critical part of the electoral process: Wealth primaries. At first, poll taxes were used to explicitly prevent the poor from voting, and these too were ruled unconstitutional. Over the years, another process has taken their place. Before a single vote is cast, candidates must raise money from private donors. Party leaders, and the press, look at the numbers, and candidates who haven't raised enough are written off. Dismissed as "not credible". Not covered on the front page, or much at all. In some cases, even pressured by party leaders to drop out of races. I'm particularly sensitive to the wealth primary this year because of recent campaigns where I live (near Boston). At the beginning of this year, we had four candidates running for District Attorney, an open seat. One of those candidates was a state senator, and several candidates began running for his seat, which would become open since he was running for DA. One of those candidates was a state representative, as was one of the other candidates for DA, which opened up two seats in the state house for new candidates. And then, one by one, candidates dropped out of these races because they couldn't raise enough money to keep up with their opponents. There is now just one candidate for DA - the one who raised so much money that it pushed the other three out of the race. The state senator decided to run for re-election, so all other candidates for his senate seat dropped out. Both state reps are also running for re-election. Now, I support most of these candidates. Nevertheless, at least four elections were all decided by contributors before any votes were cast! Unlike white primaries, wealth primaries don't keep anyone from voting to choose the party nominee. What they do is reserve the process of selecting who will run primarily for the wealthy. A single donor who can afford to give $500 is worth as much as ten donors who can only afford $50. A single donor who can afford to give $2,000 is worth as much as a hundred donors who can only afford $20. In the Wealth Primary, it's one dollar, one vote. This is also on my mind because I work for the man who developed legal theory behind the "wealth primary" argument, John Bonifaz. He founded the National Voting Rights Institute partly to advance this in the courts, and it was largely on the basis of this work that the MacArthur Foundation awarded him a fellowship, commonly known as a "genius award". He was a co-counsel in the defense of Vermont's public financing law. Ironically, Bonifaz himself is in a wealth primary right now. As a new challenger running against a 12 year incumbent for secretary of state, it's sometimes a struggle to get the press to pay attention. In a healthy democracy, Bonifaz's expertise in election law and long history of effective voting rights advocacy both nationally and athome would be enough to mark him a credible candidate worth serious attention. But given his incumbent's 7-figure campaign warchest, Bonifaz's "credibility" will be determined, in the eyes of the press, by how much money people contribute before tomorrow's filing deadline. Let's work hard to eliminate wealth primaries by instituting public financing of elections. But in the meantime, if you can afford to contribute, your favorite candidates (unfortunately) need your financial support today. [ Slightly edited mostly to correct typos, update links, and clarify some sentences, but this is basically the same post I wrote in 2006 (so "This week" refers to a June 2006 decision). ]	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2400
__label__wiki	0.541649	0.541649	Peru, Bastion of Fast Food LIMA — There are more North American fast-food restaurants in China than any other emerging market, which isn’t much of a shocker. The surprise is the country with the greatest concentration of the eateries: Peru. Considering that it’s a nation so well-known for its cuisine that it exports its own restaurants to other countries, it’s interesting to note that hungry Peruvians in populated areas have to travel, on average, just 1.1km to find a fast-food joint, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. This is all good news for fast-food companies, which are increasingly counting on Latin America for growth after thriving in China. “We’re starting to see the emergence of Brazil and South America being a hotbed for US restaurant franchises to go and open up,” said Darren Tristano, Executive Vice-President at food industry consultant Technomic Inc. “Now that Asia has already started, I think South America is really going to be where the growth is.” The first American chain opened in Peru in 1981 and the result is evident. KFC and Burger King are doing a brisk trade, as is Bembos, Peru’s biggest burger chain. Peru is finally reaping gains from free-market policies adopted in the 1990s. Peruvians now spend more time shopping and eating at a growing number of malls and new shopping districts, increasing demand for fast food. That market grew 15 per cent last year, according to data from the Peruvian Chamber of Franchises. KFC, McDonald’s and Burger King first moved into Peru in the 1980s and 1990s, and have since branched out beyond Lima to the other thriving cities. Today, US chains have 60 per cent of the market. “Foreign brands have much more experience and they have a structure and operating capacity that brands in Peru haven’t been able to develop,” said Diego Herrera, President of the Lima-based chamber. “They’re brands that have studied their marketing, their customers, their processes almost to perfection. They come here and advance very quickly, filling gaps at a sort of pace that Peruvian businesses can’t match.” Local entrepreneurs are also tapping into foreign interest in Peruvian cuisine to develop new fast-food concepts. Peruvian outlets increased sales by 26 per cent last year, compared with 15 per cent for foreign brands, according to the chamber. The restaurant industry as a whole grew 9.4 per cent last year, according to the statistics agency. “The market is going to become more favourable for Peruvian brands, as long as they are sustained by a solid corporate structure,” Herrera said. “This is only the beginning.” BLOOMBERG Leave a Comment » \| Economy, Expansion Strategy, Financial Activity, Franchise Activity, Future Plans/Announcements, Government, Growth, Marketing Initiatives \| Permalink Fast-Food Companies Find a Market for Growth in Peru KFC, McDonald’s and others are looking to Latin America for future expansion. There are more U.S. fast-food restaurants in China than in any other emerging market, which isn’t much of a shocker. The surprise is the country with the greatest concentration of the eateries: Peru. Hungry residents of Peru’s populated areas have to travel, on average, just two-thirds of a mile to find a U.S. fast-food joint, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. This is all good news for fast food companies, which are increasingly counting on Latin America for growth after thriving in China. “We’re starting to see the emergence of Brazil and South America being a hotbed for American restaurant franchises to go and open up,” said Darren Tristano, executive vice president at food industry consultant Technomic Inc. “South America is kind of becoming the next window. Now that Asia has already started, I think South America is really going to be where the growth is.” The first U.S. chain opened in Peru in 1981, and the result is evident. Eight fast food counters line the walls of the Jockey Plaza mall in Lima — half of them Peruvian brands and the other half U.S. Yum! Brands Inc.’s Kentucky Fried Chicken, the largest U.S. fast-food chain in Peru, and Burger King are doing a brisk trade, as is Bembos, Peru’s biggest burger chain. After three decades blighted by dictatorships, terrorism and hyperinflation, Peru is reaping gains from free-market policies adopted in the 1990s that fueled the fastest economic growth in Latin America in the past decade. Economic stability is spurring a consumer boom that has gathered steam during the past decade. Peruvians now spend more time shopping and eating at a growing number of malls and new shopping districts, increasing demand for fast food. That market grew 15 percent last year, according to data from the Peruvian Chamber of Franchises. U.S. chains such as KFC, McDonald’s Corp. and Burger King Worldwide Inc. moved into Peru in the 1980s and 1990s and have since branched out beyond its capital, Lima. U.S. chains have cemented their domination in the past decade and today have 60 percent of the market. McDonald’s and Burger King led the expansion in sales last year, followed by Bembos. In more developed markets such as Brazil and Mexico, local brands account for 92 percent and 70 percent of sales, respectively, according to the chamber. “Foreign brands have much more experience, and they have a structure and operating capacity that brands in Peru haven’t been able to develop,” said Diego Herrera, president of the Lima-based chamber. “They’re brands that have studied their marketing, their customers, their processes almost to perfection. They come here and advance very quickly, filling gaps at a sort of pace that Peruvian businesses can’t match.” Leave a Comment » \| Economy, Expansion Strategy, Financial Activity, Franchise Activity, Future Plans/Announcements, Government, Growth \| Permalink You are currently browsing the darrentristano blog archives for the day Monday, January 21st, 2013.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2401
__label__wiki	0.802764	0.802764	The Oklahoma Mesonet: A Pilot Study of Environmental Sensor Data Citations Authors: Betsy Van der Veer Martens,Bradley G. Illston,Christopher A. Fiebrich This pilot study of 110 scientific papers utilizing environmental sensor data from the Oklahoma Mesonet during its first two decades of operations demonstrates the diversity of potential purposes in scientific research for a robust, rigorously maintained, accessible source of environmental sensor data, as well as the challenges involved in identifying uses of that data within scientific papers. The study authors selected three publication years (1995, 2005, 2015) from an extensive corpus of peer-reviewed journal publications, identified each paper’s specific citation of and uses of the Mesonet’s environmental sensor data, and derived a typology of those usages (assimilation, experimentation, observation, simulation, utilization, validation) found to be most common. The rapid increase in data assimilation research projects today is discussed in terms of the difficulty and importance of correct attribution to individual data sources in these complex research projects. The study examines the possible role played by highly-cited papers that describe the quality assurance procedures in sensor data sources, which may serve as surrogates to signal the quality of the data provided by such sources, and which may also provide a useful contribution towards understanding data citation as a special form of scholarly citation. Keywords: data citation, environmental sensors, mesoscale networks, Oklahoma, weather DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2017-047 Accepted on 20 Sep 2017 Submitted on 01 Mar 2017 Data, both experimental and observational, have always played a central role in science, as Strasser (2012) points out, but recently the creation and curation of data, datasets, and datastreams have become of intense interest to information scientists as well as to a new generation of data scientists (Halevi & Moed 2012). The question of how data from any specific source are found, used, and cited remains understudied, as compared to the numerous studies of citations to individual papers, scientists, and theories, all of which have been greatly facilitated by the increasing standardization of those citation practices over time (Williams 2011), which has yet to become the case for data citation practices (Altman et al. 2015; Mayernik 2012; Mooney & Newton 2012). Acknowledging the use of externally-obtained data was once considered merely a ‘scholar’s courtesy’ (Cronin, 1995); today, such acknowledgment is often elicited by either disciplinary or publication pressures, though it remains far from universal, despite the increase in funding agency and institutional requirements for data attribution and sharing (Kim & Stanton 2016). Even such sophisticated approaches to identifying datasets as the development of personalized, contextualized dataset search engines (Singhal, Kasturi, & Srivastava 2014; Singhal & Srivastava 2013; Singhal & Srivastava 2017) are hampered by this lack of uniformity. According to Parsons & Fox (2013), actual data sources are much more diverse than is often recognized, ranging from an individual scientist’s own development of small datasets, through scientific support systems that manage the data production for entire laboratories, through large-scale installations that produce massive datastreams for different disciplines or in different locations. There is also wide variation among data, ranging from qualitative to quantitative data types, from potentially replicable experimental data to unique, unrepeatable observational data, from small datasets to enormous datastreams, making the interrelated questions of data attribution (Hou & Mayernik 2016; Hou & Mayernik 2017), data citation (Borgman 2015), and data provenance (Tilmes, Yesha & Halem 2010) even more complex. Although such recent data-centric initiatives as the Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (Data Citation Synthesis Working Group 2014), DataCite (Rueda, Fenner & Cruse 2016), and the Data Citation Index (Robinson-García, Jiménez-Contreras & Torres-Salinas 2016) have helped in the creation and communication of these identification standards, their adoption and use continue to be limited within many scientific communities (Goldstein, Mayernik & Ramapriyan 2017). Borgman et al. (2014) observe, however, that even very large ‘knowledge infrastructures’ that produce and utilize data in such well-established areas as astronomy, for instance, vary in their robustness, as telescopic arrays and other astronomical instrumentation, both ground and space-based, must rely on economic, policy, and scientific support to maintain their viability over time. Tracking data uses is becoming an important part of these efforts to gain this support, as well as communicating best practices in data curation and data citation. Accordingly, institutional studies from major knowledge infrastructures, such as that of Apai et al. (2010) on the use of Hubble Telescope data in scientific papers over a ten year period, Parsons et al. (2011) on the management of diverse, interdisciplinary data within the International Polar Year project, Belter (2014) on the value of oceanographic datasets from the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Peng et al. (2015) on the development of a unified data stewardship maturity model at NOAA’s Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites, and Mayernik (2016) on the institutional data curation and dissemination practices at organizations such as the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research are now gaining visibility, with varying suggested solutions to these data-related issues, and should help to promote standardization across disciplines. Adding to the challenges faced by knowledge infrastructures, the rapid increase in the number of environmentally embedded wireless sensors providing real-time, heterogeneous data for a wide variety of applications has contributed significantly to the so-called ‘data deluge’ (Porter, Hanson, & Lin 2012). Connected sensors of all types have been predicted to number a trillion by 2025 (Johnson 2015). Studies focusing on the various factors involved in the creation, curation, and citation of sensor data, particularly sensor datastreams in the sciences, include work by Bates, Lin & Goodale (2016), Borgman (2015), Cragin, Palmer & Chao (2010), Ganguly et al. (2007), and Mayernik, Wallis & Borgman (2013). The present article is a contribution to this literature on the citation of specific sensor datastreams, as it examines the use of environmental sensor data over the past 20 years from a well-established knowledge infrastructure, the extensive mesoscale network (or ‘Mesonet’) for weather-related information throughout the state of Oklahoma. The history of the standardization of weather-related data in the United States has been described by Edwards (2010), Fiebrich (2009), Fleming (2016), and Klemm & McPherson (2017), while the evolution of global weather prediction techniques and tools has been detailed by Bauer, Thorpe & Brunet (2015) and Lynch (2008). A study of scientific papers focusing on the various uses of sensor data from a statewide mesoscale network such as that of Oklahoma, however, has not previously been performed, and should be of value in understanding the opportunities and challenges presented by such studies. 2. The Oklahoma Mesonet This section describes the history and current operations of the Oklahoma Mesonet. Discussions concerning the mesonetwork installation studied here began in the 1980s, as the result of an ongoing collaboration between agricultural researchers at Oklahoma State University and meteorological researchers at the University of Oklahoma to develop a near real-time, extremely reliable source of surface observational data about local weather conditions across the state (Brock 2013; Crawford 2013). This need was felt to be particularly critical for Oklahoma, given the state’s long history of drought and drainage issues. Losses due to crop failure (Ding, Hayes & Widhalm 2011) and urban flooding (Waite 2011) ran into the billions of dollars. The initiative garnered support throughout the state, largely due to the efforts of those involved in this unprecedented partnership among scientists at Oklahoma’s two major research universities. Improvements in both research into and mitigation of weather impacts were the intended outcomes of this extensive project. As a result, the Oklahoma Mesonet, a statewide network of 121 automated environmental monitoring stations, was officially launched in March of 1994. These 10-meter-tall towers, one or more of which is located within each of Oklahoma’s 77 counties, provide regular measurements of air and soil temperature, barometric pressure, rainfall, relative humidity, solar radiation, soil moisture, and wind speed and direction, both direct and calculated, including instrumentation data, all of which are then packaged into ‘observations’ that are regularly transmitted every 5 minutes to the Oklahoma Climatological Survey, where the data quality is immediately verified and then made available to Mesonet users. The Oklahoma Mesonet has been termed the ‘gold standard’ among statewide climate and weather networks because of its well-known attention to quality assurance and quality control (National Research Council 2008: ix). As explained by Campbell et al. (2013: 575), quality assurance involves specific processes to ensure that the sensor networks and associated protocols are developed and adhered to in a way that minimizes inaccuracies in the data produced. This proactive approach attempts to avoid system problems that may produce suspect data, while the subsequent quality control measures are employed to identify and flag any suspect data after they have been generated. It should be noted that the explosive growth in sophisticated mathematical models for numerical weather prediction and environmental problem solving increases rather than lessens the importance of the quality of the data being utilized (Apte 2015). Mesonet data and products are stored and delivered in a number of ways. The official data archive is stored in self-describing Network Common Data Form (Unidata 2017). From the NetCDF archive, approximately 1300 products are routinely produced, many of which are updated every five minutes. Data files are delivered in several text formats (e.g., comma delimited or fixed column length) for users to download via Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), or Local Data Manager (LDM). Although some commercial and media entities are licensed users that receive Mesonet data on a paid basis, the data are also made available online free of charge at www.mesonet.org to other users who wish to access them (Klockow, McPherson & Sutter 2010). Examples of Mesonet data users include emergency and public safety personnel, other state and local government agencies, aviation and other transportation firms, farmers, ranchers, construction firms, water experts, weather forecasters, and a variety of others vitally interested in Oklahoma’s severe storms, dry line movements, soil moisture, drought conditions, heat impact, and other weather-related phenomena (Ziolkowska et al. 2017). This direct distribution of data is in addition to the Oklahoma Mesonet’s participation in various data distribution channels, such as the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration’s National Mesonet Program, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service, and the U. S. Geological Survey’s National Soil Moisture Network, and various other provisions of data made upon request to the Oklahoma Mesonet. The Oklahoma Mesonet’s requested acknowledgment statement in its agreement for researchers using its data (as shown under the heading ‘Oklahoma Mesonet Data Access Policy’ on its website) is that ‘Oklahoma Mesonet data are provided courtesy of the Oklahoma Mesonet, which is jointly operated by Oklahoma State University and the University of Oklahoma. Continued funding for maintenance of the network is provided by the taxpayers of Oklahoma.’ Beginning in June 2014, the ‘For Researchers’ section of the website has listed two technically-oriented articles about the Mesonet (Brock et al. 1995 and McPherson et al. 2007) as useful potential citations by any researchers working with Oklahoma Mesonet data. These articles are also often informally recommended by the Oklahoma Mesonet staff to anyone wishing to learn more about the technical details of the Mesonet. Beginning in March 2016, the ‘About the Mesonet’ section of the website has listed the following DOIs for Oklahoma Mesonet data and datasets: 10.15763/dbs.mesonet (for all Mesonet products) and 10.15763/dbs.mesonet.standard (for standard Mesonet observations). These are the first permanent identifiers of Oklahoma Mesonet data made available on its website. 3. Methodology: Oklahoma Mesonet Sensor Data Publication Analysis The specifics of the study and its methods are described in this section. The overarching goal of the research effort is to identify, collect, and analyze all peer-reviewed scientific articles published in the English language that may have utilized sensor data from the Oklahoma Mesonet during the first decades of its existence, to determine who used the data, how it was used, and which specific data and data site(s) were used. Although the Oklahoma Mesonet has been routinely compiling a bibliography of publications pertinent to its efforts since its inception, the study described here is an initial attempt toward a formal analysis of the peer-reviewed scientific publications, their uses of the Oklahoma Mesonet data, and toward further efforts to understand and facilitate such Mesonet data usage. Mayernik et al. (2017: 1344) assert that ‘Manual processes for collecting publications that cite data sets … are fraught with problems given that they are time-consuming, require multiple tools (e.g., WoS, Google Scholar, and literature databases), and do not scale.’ This project was undertaken with the understanding that efforts to identify and analyze all published journal articles using the Mesonet data will be time-consuming and complex, so a pilot project would be a useful initial step towards a full analysis, which would in turn further inform and potentially impact Mesonet data operations and delivery. The initial pilot project processes are shown in Figure 1. Pilot project processes for Oklahoma Mesonet data. Prior to the start of this project in May 2015, the Oklahoma Mesonet online bibliography listed 509 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 1994 and 2014. The bibliography, although extensive, was known to be incomplete, as its collecting emphasis had been on research in the agricultural and atmospheric sciences and closely related areas. No 2015 journal publications had been identified and listed in the bibliography at that time. An important focus of the project, therefore, has been to identify, obtain, and add all relevant peer-reviewed scientific papers published between 1994 and the present day to the online bibliography. The second step was to plan a pilot project that would inform future analysis of the corpus being constructed from articles obtained for the bibliography. In order to obtain a historical perspective on the development and diffusion of these articles, as well as an understanding of whether and how the Mesonet data and its uses have been described in various disciplines, three different publication years were selected for this initial analysis: the first full year of Mesonet operations (1994–5) hereafter referred to as 1995 for brevity, the end of the first decade of Mesonet operations (2005), and the end of the second decade of Mesonet operations (2015). This study’s methodology combines the standard bibliometric techniques of citation analysis and co-word analysis, with a close reading of the identified articles’ text, graphic content, and references. Beginning with the online bibliography of articles routinely maintained by the Oklahoma Mesonet itself, an initial set of 11 journal articles from the Mesonet’s first operational year was identified, providing the preliminary pilot project corpus. (Four of these articles were found outside the bibliography and added during the pilot project.) The second set of 21 articles from 2005 was also identified. (Three of these articles were found outside the bibliography and added during the pilot project.) Next, additional research using author, full text, keyword, and topic searches for the use of the phrases ‘Oklahoma Mesonet,’ ‘Oklahoma Mesonetwork,’ and ‘Oklahoma Climatological Survey’ were performed in the Web of Science and Google Scholar for the publication year of 2015 to identify any peer-reviewed journal articles in English potentially using Oklahoma Mesonet data. (As the Mesonet DOIs mentioned above were not publicly available prior to March 2016, these were not part of the pilot project search process.) Additionally, any citations to the 1995 articles in 2005 and 2015 publications were examined, as possible sources of additional Oklahoma Mesonet data uses. All articles found in these searches were examined to determine whether they included explicit mention of the use of Oklahoma Mesonet data. Those articles not making explicit use of Mesonet data were removed from the pilot project corpus, though still retained in the bibliography for future study. All initial identification, categorization and coding of data usage were first done by project researchers not affiliated with the Oklahoma Mesonet, then checked for accuracy by researchers affiliated with the Mesonet, then re-checked by the researchers not affiliated with the Mesonet. This was to ensure that both scientific and non-scientific aspects of the data usage were captured correctly. As shown in Table 1, the number of articles analyzed for each year is as follows: 1995 (11 articles), 2005 (21 articles), 2015 (78 articles) for a total of 110 articles using Oklahoma Mesonet data. Of these 110 articles, 85 were new additions to the online bibliography as well. Analyzed articles from Oklahoma Mesonet corpus. The 110 articles in this analysis were published in 62 different journals, in such diverse fields as agriculture (representing 18% of the 62 journals), biological sciences (13%), environmental sciences (27%), hydrology (16%), meteorology (18%), and other interdisciplinary areas (8%). The use of the data is clearly not confined to a single research specialty or discipline. 4. Findings The findings from the pilot study of these 110 scientific publications, their citations of, and uses of the Oklahoma Mesonet sensor data are described in detail in this section. 4.1 Analysis of Oklahoma Mesonet Pilot Project Publications As shown in Table 1, there were 11 peer-reviewed journal articles published during the initial year of Oklahoma Mesonet operations. These earliest publications focused on the economic considerations, technological specifications, and potential uses of the mesoscale network and its data for agriculture and meteorology. The most highly-cited article from this period (Brock et al. 1995), co-authored by eight authors from the University of Oklahoma and Oklahoma State University, all closely involved in the development of the Oklahoma Mesonet, is a technical overview of the network itself, including its physical composition and procedures for quality assurance. The second most-highly-cited article (Rasmussen et al. 1994), co-written by seven authors from the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration’s National Severe Storms Laboratory, also located in Norman, Oklahoma, describes the planned use of Mesonet data in the study of tornadogenesis and associated severe weather phenomena. The next three most-cited articles (Morrissey et al. 1995; Ryzhkov & Zrnic 1995a; Ryzhkov & Zrnic 1995b) deal with techniques for validating precipitation estimates through comparisons with empirical data from Mesonet rain gauges. Thus, unsurprisingly, most early attention to the possibilities provided by data from the Oklahoma Mesonet came from Oklahoma-affiliated scientists interested in evaluating and extending existing measurement instruments and techniques, particularly in hydrology and meteorology. The next decade of publications utilizing data from the Oklahoma Mesonet showed broadening in scientific scope by the 21 papers published in 2005. The Brock et al. (1995) paper continued to be well-cited for its technical information, for instance in Schroeder et al.’s (2005) description of the development of the West Texas Mesonet, which was modeled after the Oklahoma Mesonet. It was also cited continuously in atmospheric research such as Demoz et al.’s (2005) determination of the causes of undular bores in the boundary layer, in agricultural research such as MacKown & Carver’s (2005) study of dual-purpose winter wheat cultivars, and in interdisciplinary investigations like those of Haugland & Crawford (2005) and McPherson & Stensrud (2005) on the impact of the replacement of tallgrass prairie by agricultural cropland on daily atmospheric conditions at the mesoscale. A number of publications focused on uses of Oklahoma Mesonet data in other disciplines, such as biology (e.g., Major et al.’s (2005) study of algal mass microbial communities in the Oklahoma salt flats), ecology (e.g., Verberg et al.’s (2005) experimental study of soil CO2 efflux within a tallgrass prairie ecosystem), and geology (e.g., Harris, Tapp & Sublett’s (2005) research on remediation of oil-field brine impacted soil). Mesonet data was also employed in several data assimilation projects, notably Dunne & Entekhabi (2005)’s extensive use of precipitation data to compare improvements in estimations by various filter ensembles for satellite remote sensing of soil moisture. The geographic distribution of scientists using Mesonet data continued to broaden as well. While a third of the papers published in 2005 were authored by scientists at Oklahoma universities, the other two-thirds showed lead authorship from six other states, as well as from the National Aeronautics & Space Administration’s Goddard Space Center in Maryland and the European Centre for Middle-Range Weather Forecasting in Great Britain. The further expansion in scope for use of Oklahoma Mesonet data is readily apparent in the 78 papers published in 2015. Interestingly, both the Brock et al. (1995) and the McPherson et al. (2007) articles were cited by 25% of these 2015 papers, though it was not possible to ascertain whether this was due more to their prevalence in the literature prior to June 2014 or to their recommendation as potential citations on the Oklahoma Mesonet website beginning in June 2014. Atmospheric research, especially in regard to severe weather phenomena, exemplified by such work as that of Brotzge & Lutrell (2015) on interactions between boundary layers and mesocylonic winds in tornadogenesis, Xu et al. (2015) on vortex wind analysis in tornadic mesocyclones, and French et al. (2015) on bulk “hook echo” precipitation drop size distributions in tornadic and nontornadic supercells, all continued extensive use of the atmospheric pressure, wind, and precipitation data. A growing number of papers used the soil moisture data to explore terrestrial impacts, particularly warning signs for flash droughts (Ford, et al. 2015) and for wildfires (Krueger et al. 2015), as well as for the effects of long-term drought (Bajgain et al. 2015). Relatedly, environmental research using Oklahoma Mesonet data was performed for various species, ranging from the increasingly endangered greater prairie chicken (Hovick et al. 2015), to the more common Western chicken-turtle (MacKnight et al. 2015), to the wide assortment of crustaceans found in seemingly desiccated Oklahoma prairie playa (Bright & Bergey 2015). Agricultural uses of the data continued to be strong, especially for research on improving management of resources such as cattle (Scasta et al. 2015), crops (Lollato & Edwards 2015), and timber (Bendixsen, Hallgren & Frazier 2015). Increased attention to potential energy resources, such as biofuels (Yimam, Ochsner & Kakani 2015), solar (McGovern et al. 2015), and wind (Stadler, Dryden & Green 2015) also drew upon Mesonet sensor data for economic and technical model building. The most striking increase, however, was in the number of data assimilation projects, in which Mesonet surface data was combined with a variety of remote sensing data in order to develop models for various complex systems such as those involving boundary-layer (Endo et al. 2015), convection (Jones et al. 2015), erosion (Garbrecht & Zhang 2015), groundwater (Guzman et al. 2015), precipitation (Liu, Sorooshian & Gao 2015), river basin (Islam & Gan 2015), soil moisture (Kim, Mohanty & Shin 2015), watershed (Goldstein & Tarhule 2015) and wind speed (Genton, Padoan & Sang 2015) research. Validation efforts, such as the comparison by Kuster, Lunday & McPherson (2015) between North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program output and Oklahoma Mesonet observations, emphasized the necessity of attending to the data themselves in all these endeavors. Geographic diversity of lead authorship for these 78 papers using Mesonet data increased substantially in 2015 as well, indicating diffusion of data usage among different institutions during the decade since 2005. While Oklahoma-based researchers were lead authors of approximately 55% of the papers, the remaining 45% showed primary authorship by scientists from thirteen other states and four foreign countries. 4.2 Analysis of Oklahoma Mesonet Data Citation and Data Uses Categorization This section describes how the Oklahoma Mesonet data were referenced, and how the data were used in the 110 papers from the pilot study. In ‘How to Cite Earth Science Datasets,’ Parsons (2012) observes that current data citation practices in earth sciences publications include the following: citing a traditional publication that contains the data; not mentioning the source of data, just using the data in tables or figures; referencing the name or source of data in text; including a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) in text (with variable degrees of specificity); citing a related paper; citing an actual data set, typically using a recommended citation format given by data center; or citing a data set including a persistent identifier, typically a DOI. Since the Oklahoma Mesonet made its dataset DOIs available on its website in 2016, after the 2015 papers were published, no use of these DOIs was observed in this pilot study. Of the other six practices, the study found only three: referencing the name or source of data in text, including a URL in text (with variable degrees of specificity), or citing a related paper. The most commonly-used phrases used to refer to the Mesonet data sources in text were ‘Oklahoma Mesonet’ and ‘Oklahoma Climatological Survey,’ although these were only sometimes cited as sources in the reference lists of the papers. A number of papers (2 in 2005; 33 in 2015) provided the URL of either the Oklahoma Climatological Survey or the Oklahoma Mesonet in the text or the reference list. Finally, the Brock et al. 1995 paper often appeared as a reference accompanying an initial mention of the ‘Oklahoma Mesonet’ and could be considered to be a ‘related paper.’ As noted above, citations to Oklahoma Mesonet data have varied to such an extent over the past 20 years, even within disciplines, that it remains a time-consuming task to identify these, and to determine their respective formats. However, as a general observation, it can be said that most of the researchers utilized only highly select portions of the entire datastream available to them, and most did not comment on why these specific selections were made, presumably because it was thought to be obvious to the reader within the particular scientific context. Because the Mesonet datastreams include multiple observations (e.g, temperature, windspeed, etc.) from specific station locations at specific times, and because the papers in the pilot project seldom included all details of the data actually used, further investigation would be necessary in most cases in order to identify and match the actual Mesonet data from specific site locations and times to recreate or replicate the research performed. This problem of so-called ‘data granularity’ (that is, the level of depth to which data can be referred) is endemic to large datasets and datastreams, however, and, in the case of the Mesonet, may eventually be addressed through new data curation and identification techniques. At present, however, it remains a very labor-intensive process to ‘match’ the stored Mesonet data to particular studies. Uses of the Mesonet data shown in the pilot study were diverse, though the most prevalent uses tended to be event-oriented, focused on phenomena such as severe storms; geographically-oriented, focused on phenomena such as prairie environments; or time-oriented, focused on phenomena such as long-term droughts. Importantly, explicit use of the data also was seldom repeated or replicated by different studies, with the exception of a few specific severe storm events. This may be a result of the ‘data granularity’ issue discussed in the preceding paragraph. Based on the descriptions given of various uses of the specific data within each of the 110 papers citing Oklahoma Mesonet data, we empirically derived a broad typology of data uses across disciplines, noting of course that different scientists may use the same data in different ways. The five major categories are assimilation, experimentation, observation, simulation, and validation. A sixth category, utilization, includes all other uses not otherwise categorized. Assimilation describes the use of Oklahoma Mesonet sensor data in an ensemble with a variety of other data for purposes of system-level prediction or similar large-scale pattern analyses. Experimentation involves the use of Oklahoma Mesonet sensor data as a controlled factor within an experimental or quasi-experimental environment. Observation involves the use of Oklahoma Mesonet sensor data as a non-controlled factor within an experimental, quasi-experimental, or other environment. Simulation involves the use of the Oklahoma Mesonet sensor data with or without other data for purposes of modeling. Utilization indicates a direct utilization of Oklahoma Mesonet data not otherwise categorized here. Validation involves the use of the Oklahoma Mesonet sensor data to validate other data or to ground-truth other instruments. Table 2 provides textual samples showing the variety in data citation formats and the six derived categories (assimilation, experimentation, observation, simulation, utilization, validation) from the data usages. Textual samples of Oklahoma Mesonet data citation categorization. Text of Data Citation Assimilation (Tanamachi, Heinselman & Wicker 2015: 511–512) Twenty-eight Oklahoma Mesonet (Brock et al. 1995) stations were operating in the analysis domain on 24 May 2011 … recording observations of relative humidity RH, aspirated air temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric pressure every 1 min. Of particular interest are the data from the El Reno Mesonet station [http://ticker.mesonet.org/select.php?mo505&da527&yr52011]. As the tornado passed, the atmospheric pressure decreased 17 hPa at 2120 UTC … while the 1-min-average ensemble of pressure traces from the lowest model scalar level (125 m AGL) to the surface using the hydrostatic equation and the surface pressure in the initial sounding (947 hPa). wind speed at 10 m AGL increased from 10 to 51 ms21 … We derived simulated near-surface observations for comparison by interpolating the model variables at 125 m AGL from the grid points closest to the El Reno Mesonet station …. We adjusted the simulated ensemble of pressure traces from the lowest model scalar level (125 m AGL) to the surface using the hydrostatic equation and the surface pressure in the initial sounding (947 hPa). Experimentation (Verburg et al. 2005: 1721–1722) Starting on 10 February, 2002, temperatures inside the EcoCELLs were maintained based on 8-year (1993–2000), 5-min averages from a MESONET station (Brock et al., 1995) less than 1.6 km from the excavation site [in Purcell, Oklahoma] … Using a heating and cooling underneath the monoliths, soil temperatures in the deepest horizons (1.45 m depth) were kept as close as possible to the 1993–2000 mean annual ambient air temperature (16 1C) measured at the excavation site to simulate realistic soil temperature profiles … Precipitation was applied using an overhead rain simulator with a fixed intensity. We based frequency and amounts on measurements from the MESONET site (same 8-year period used for temperature) with precipitation at each watering applied at the mean monthly total divided by the mean frequency for that month. Observation (Tanner et al. 2015: 477–478) Our objectives were to determine if sympatric populations of bobwhite and scaled quail respond behaviorally to artificial surface-water sources in a semiarid region at the species distribution extremes… Over the course of our study (2012–2014), average temperatures in summer ranged from 19.56–22.28, 25.72–27.22, and 26.78–30.06 °C during May, June, and July, respectively … Average temperatures in the winter ranged from –0.83 to 2.17, 1.28–1.33, and –0.33 to 2.39 °C during December, January, and February, respectively … Annual precipitation was 34.44, 50.29, and 39.42 cm in 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively…. Climate data were obtained from the Beaver Mesonet station (Brock et al., 1995; McPherson et al., 2007). Simulation (Stadler, Dryden & Greene 2015: 210–211) Wind measurements at individual wind farm turbines would have been ideal for use in this research, but wind farm owners are notoriously protective of such data, which could be used by competitors to plot the efficiency of performance. Therefore, we used proxy data from the Oklahoma Mesonetwork. The Oklahoma Mesonetwork (Mesonet) is a network of 120 automated meteorological observation stations across all 77 counties in Oklahoma [36]. A full suite of data is reported and quality-controlled for five-minute time increments. Wind was measured at the standard 10-m height by the RM Young wind monitor with an accuracy of ±0.3 m s–1 [37]. Each wind farm in Oklahoma is within 20 kilometers of a Mesonet station. We chose two wind farms in the western Oklahoma within areas of the most dramatic projected wind velocity changes in the NARCCAP output. Each wind farm was paired with the closest Mesonet station to represent that wind farm with a year of five-minute data (Figure 3). The Centennial wind farm in the northern portion of the study domain was paired with the Buffalo Mesonet station, and the Weatherford Wind Energy Center and the Weatherford Mesonet station were paired further south. Utilization (Kenkel & Norris 1995: 365) The two objectives of the study were to estimate average willingness to pay and to determine the characteristics of producers who would pay to access and use mesoscale weather information. To this end, two maximum likelihood models were estimated: one for the raw [Oklahoma] Mesonet data and one for the raw data/value-added information combination …. Variables representing payments for agricultural publications, full- versus part-time farming, gross sales, use of irrigation, and weather-related crop income losses were found to significantly impact the willingness to pay for raw mesoscale weather data. Validation (Bajgain et al. 2015: 153) Daily precipitation and soil moisture data from 2000–2013 at the Oklahoma Mesonet Marena and El Reno stations were downloaded from the Oklahoma Mesonet website (www.mesonet.org/index.php/weather/daily_data_retrieval). The daily data were aggregated into 8-day periods to match with the temporal resolution of the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) derived VIs. Three different soil moisture data products (soil water potential, fractional water index and volumetric water content) are available at the Mesonet website. These soil moisture data products were derived based on the calibrated change in soil temperature over time after a heat pulse is introduced (Illston et al., 2008). In our analysis, we used volumetric soil water content (SWC) collected at three different soil profiles (5, 25, and 60 cm depth.) As shown in Table 3, an increasing variety of applications were made of the data as its availability and utility became more widely known among different research communities. Typology of Oklahoma Mesonet data uses. Use Typology Assimilation 0 7 25 32 Experimentation 3 4 20 27 Observation 0 3 8 11 Simulation 0 1 15 16 Utilization 2 0 0 2 Validation 6 6 10 22 TOTAL 11 21 78 110 This pilot study of 110 papers from various scientific disciplines using Oklahoma Mesonet data over the past 20 years demonstrates the value of understanding the diversity of uses possible for a robust, rigorously maintained, easily available source of current and historical environmental data that can be used for experimentation, explanation, and prediction in a wide variety of disciplines. The pilot study shows that the Mesonet data are utilized in multiple scientific communities around the world, not only by the region’s agricultural and meteorological researchers, as was originally anticipated by the Mesonet’s founders and funders, and can potentially contribute to a much broader range of endeavors, making it even more essential. The development of an initial typology of Mesonet data uses is an important step in that direction, as it shows that these uses seem to be changing over time. Besides the obvious value of Oklahoma Mesonet data for forecasting purposes, as well as in current meteorological and hydrological uses, the increasing historical value of the Mesonet data has become apparent, as shown by the numerous climate-related papers in the corpus. The recent implementation of Oklahoma Mesonet DOIs was done with the intent of making it easier to facilitate research uses in future and to increase stakeholder awareness of their importance. However, the current growth in data simulation and assimilation studies also makes evident that any single infrastructure such as the Mesonet that routinely supplies data for these rapidly evolving, data-intensive computerized models should be cognizant of the other stakeholders involved in such efforts, and attempt to work together on mutually beneficial outcomes, just as the researchers themselves do. Efforts to correctly attribute assimilated data, as discussed by Hou & Mayernik (2013, 2017) in reference to climate data models, and by Tilmes, Yesha & Halem (2010) in reference to data transfer and transformations throughout the earth sciences in general, will likely become even more critical to data providers and other stakeholders. This realization has new implications for the Mesonet in terms of both its administrative and advocacy goals. The results of the pilot study, therefore, have already been of practical value, and an incentive toward further investigation of the past, present and potential uses of the Oklahoma Mesonet sensor data. In an extensive review of research efforts similar to the Oklahoma Mesonet pilot project described here, Mayernik et al. (2017: 1354) have suggested that practical, in-depth studies of specific ‘research infrastructures’ that routinely provide significant research assets, such as datasets and datastreams, also offer unique opportunities to contribute to theoretical knowledge of citation purposes in general, though this is seldom an explicit purpose of such studies. They note that data citations and acknowledgments “do not fall cleanly into either the traditional scholarly ‘citation as reward’ or ‘citation as persuasion’ categories but may represent a mix of both. Citing a data source may thus serve to recognize the contribution of the data provider and also to illustrate ‘how data of sufficiently high visibility or quality underlie a particular scientific result.’ As an example, they offer several analyses of successive ‘release articles’ related to a specific oceanographic and atmospheric data set which showed that roughly 80% of the citations to the release articles were data-usage related, which may indicate that certain published articles can be highly cited as proxies for data sets. Although the Oklahoma Mesonet pilot study was not designed to focus on the Brock et al. 1995 article in this way, the findings do suggest that it may serve not only as a proxy for the data source, but also as an indication of the high quality of the data source. The key role of quality assurance in sensor data research, as shown by the continued references to this article and to other Mesonet articles that provide the technical and instrumental sensor specifications for data collection and communication, may be viewed as implicit signals of the quality of the data source and, accordingly, to that of the datastreams and to the data used in each particular study. A future study focused on this ‘signal’ aspect of sensor data citation is now being planned, with special attention to its possible significance and the various channels by which such ‘signal papers’ may be diffused. Another planned study involving the preliminary typology of data uses derived from the articles in the pilot study is its further use and potential modification during the analysis of all journal articles in the full corpus. A comparison of these uses to those described in peer-reviewed journal publications using sensor data from the growing number of similar mesonetworks in other states, offering an opportunity for more collaboration with other researchers interested in this type of study, is also being planned. In conclusion, as the Oklahoma Mesonet can provide a uniquely valuable source of environmental sensor data to those who study a wide range of weather-related phenomena, it can also provide an invaluable source of information to those researchers interested in how that data, its uses, and its users may be studied. Author Note The online bibliography of Oklahoma Mesonet-related journal articles is available at https://www.mesonet.org/index.php/site/bibliography. The authors wish to thank the reviewers of the initial version of this article for their helpful comments and criticisms. The research assistance of Ms. Katherine Morris of the University of Oklahoma School of Library & Information Studies is also gratefully acknowledged. BVM received one month of summer salary support from the Oklahoma Climatological Survey in 2015 to help fund her work on this project. CAF and BGI are both senior scientists employed by the Oklahoma Climatological Survey, which operates the Oklahoma Mesonet. Betsy Van der Veer Martens is an associate professor at the School of Library & Information Studies at the University of Oklahoma, and has written on bibliometrics in the Annual Review of Information Science & Technology and the Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology. Bradley G. Illston is a senior research scientist at the Oklahoma Mesonet. 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Data Science Journal 12: WDS32–WDS46, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2481/dsj.WDS-042 Parsons, M A, Godøy, Ø, LeDrew, E, De Bruin, T F, Danis, B, Tomlinson, S and Carlson, D (2011). A conceptual framework for managing very diverse data for complex, interdisciplinary science. Journal of Information Science 37(6): 555–569, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551511412705 Peng, G, Privette, J L, Kearns, E J, Ritchey, N A and Ansari, S (2015). A unified framework for measuring stewardship practices applied to digital environmental datasets. Data Science Journal 13: 231–253, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2481/dsj.14-049 Porter, J H, Hanson, P C and Lin, C C (2012). Staying afloat in the sensor data deluge. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 27(2): 121–129, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2011.11.009 Rasmussen, E N, Straka, J M, Davies-Jones, R, Doswell, C A III, Carr, F H, Eilts, M D and MacGorman, D R (1994). Verification of the origins of rotation in tornadoes experiment: VORTEX. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 75(6): 995–1006, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<0995:VOTOOR>2.0.CO;2 Robinson-García, N, Jiménez-Contreras, E and Torres-Salinas, D (2016). Analyzing data citation practices using the Data Citation Index. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 67(12): 2964–2975, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23529 Rueda, L, Fenner, M and Cruse, P (2016). DataCite: Lessons learned on persistent identifiers for research data. International Journal of Digital Curation 11(2): 39–47, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v11i2.421 Ryzhkov, A V and Zrnic, D S (1995a). Comparison of dual-polarization radar estimators of rain. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 12(2): 249–256, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1995)012<0249:CODPRE>2.0.CO;2 Ryzhkov, A V and Zrnic, D S (1995b). Precipitation and attenuation measurements at a 10-cm wavelength. Journal of Applied Meteorology 34(10): 2121–2134, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1995)034<2120:PAAMAA>2.0.CO;2 Scasta, J D, Engle, D M, Talley, J L, Weir, J R, Fuhlendorf, S D and Debinski, D M (2015). Drought influences control of parasitic flies of cattle on pastures managed with patch-burn grazing. Rangeland Ecology & Management 68(3): 290–297, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2015.03.001 Schroeder, J L, Burgett, W S, Haynie, K B, Sonmez, I, Skwira, G D, Doggett, A L and Lipe, J W (2005). The West Texas Mesonet: A technical overview. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 22(2): 211–222, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-1690.1 Singhal, A, Kasturi, R and Srivastava, J (2014). DataGopher: Context-based search for research datasets. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 15th international conference on information reuse and integration. 1: 749–756, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IRI.2014.7051964 Singhal, A and Srivastava, J (2013). Data extract: Mining context from the web for dataset extraction. International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing 3(2): 219–223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.7763/IJMLC.2013.V3.306 Singhal, A and Srivastava, J (2017). Research dataset discovery from research publications using web context. Web Intelligence 15(2): 81–99, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/WEB-170354 Stadler, S, Dryden, J M and Greene, J S (2015). Climate change impacts on Oklahoma wind resources: Potential energy output changes. Resources 4(2): 203–226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/resources4020203 Strasser, B J (2012). Data-driven sciences: From wonder cabinets to electronic databases. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 43(1): 85–87, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2011.10.009 Tanner, E P, Elmore, R D, Fuhlendorf, S D, Davis, C A, Thacker, E T and Dahlgren, D K (2015). Behavioral responses at distribution extremes: How artificial surface water can affect quail movement patterns. Rangeland Ecology & Management 68(6): 476–484, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2015.07.008 Tilmes, C, Yesha, Y and Halem, M (2010). Tracking provenance of earth science data. Earth Science Informatics 3(1–2): 59–65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-010-0046-3 Unidata (2017). Network Common Data Format. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5065/D6H70CW6 Verburg, P S J, Larsen, J, Johnson, D W, Schorran, D E and Arnone, J A (2005). Impacts of an anomalously warm year on soil CO2 efflux in experimentally manipulated tallgrass prairie ecosystems. Global Change Biology 11(10): 1720–1732, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001032.x Waite, J L (2011). Using the urban regime framework to analyze hazard mitigation sustainability at the local scale. Ph.D. Dissertation. College Park: University of Maryland. Available at: http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/12290 [Last accessed 27 July 2017]. Williams, R B (2011). Citation systems in the biosciences: A history, classification and descriptive terminology. Journal of Documentation 67(6): 995–1014, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00220411111183564 Xu, Q, Wei, L, Nai, K, Liu, S, Rabin, R M and Zhao, Q (2015). A radar wind analysis system for nowcast applications. Advances in Meteorology, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/264515 Article ID 264515. Yimam, Y T, Ochsner, T E and Kakani, V G (2015). Evapotranspiration partitioning and water use efficiency of switchgrass and biomass sorghum managed for biofuel. Agricultural Water Management 155: 40–47, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.03.018 Ziolkowska, J R Fiebrich, C A Carlson, J D Melvin, A D Sutherland, A J Kloesel, K A Reyes, R et al. (2017). Benefits and beneficiaries of the Oklahoma Mesonet: A multi-sectoral ripple effect analysis. Weather, Climate & Society 9(3): 499–519, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-16-0139.1	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2404
__label__cc	0.594199	0.405801	Richard Foster Richard is the founder of The Chrysostom Society as well as the Academy of Christian Editors and Renovaré, an effort working for the renewal of the Church in all her multi-faceted expressions. He has written some dozen books, which have been translated into numerous languages, and over sixty magazine articles. In his role as founder of Renovaré, he was responsible for various publications many of which he edited or for which he wrote the lead article. Now retired, Richard and Carolynn live near Denver, Colorado. Celebration of Discipline: The Path to Spiritual Growth (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1978, rev. ed. 1988, 1998) Freedom of Simplicity (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1981, rev. ed. 2005) Study Guide for Celebration of Discipline (San Francisco, Harper & Row, 1982) The Challenge of the Disciplined Life: Christian Reflections on Money, Sex & Power (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1985) Study Guide to The Challenge of the Disciplined Life: Christian Reflections on Money, Sex & Power (San Francisco, Harper & Row, 1985) Prayer: Finding the Heart’s True Home (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1992) Leader’s Guide for Freedom of Simplicity (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1993) Coming Home: An Invitation to Prayer (Bloomington, MN: Garborg’s Heart ‘N Home, 1993) Prayers from the Heart (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1994) Seeking the Kingdom (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1995) Streams of Living Water: Celebrating the Great Traditions of Christian Faith (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1998) Sanctuary or the Soul: Journey Into Meditative Prayer (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2011) with Kathryn Helmers, Celebrating the Disciplines (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1992 with Gayle D. Beebe, Longing for God: Seven Paths of Christian Devotion (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2009 Within This Tree of Bones: New and Selected Poems The Voices of Rivers The Alpine Tales Celebration of Discipline Gina Ochsner David McFadzean Dain Trafton Diane Glancy Jeanine Hathaway	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2408
__label__cc	0.636899	0.363101	Oscar Nominations 2014 On Thursday morning, as I gazed over the Oscar nominations on my laptop screen, I searched the page about three or five times for a certain name, thinking that the Academy had posted a mistake on their website. But soon I realized my worst fears were concerned: Inside Llewyn Davis received only two nominations. Just digest this: Davis is one of the most acclaimed movies of the year and I myself think it’s arguably 2013’s best. Yet Davis received nothing for Joel and Ethan Coen’s impeccable direction or writing or Oscar Isaac’s incredible performance, or even the song “Please Mr. Kennedy.” In fact, the only credit the movie got was for Cinematography and Sound Mixing. Such snubbing is unacceptable for such a dynamic picture. Even American Hustle, a film I really do like, is nowhere near the same league as Inside Llewyn Davis. That’s not to say the other nominees were undeserved. I was pleased to see 12 Years A Slave and The Wolf of Wall Street all receive some well-earned attention. But that doesn’t underscore the problems of the Oscars. Her, which is the other contender for being my favorite movie of the year, was snubbed for Best Director (Spike Jonze), Actor (Joaquin Phoenix), and Supporting Actress (Scarlett Johansson, even though it was a voiceover it was still one of the best performances of 2013) though it obtained nominations for Picture and Screenplay, as well as Before Midnight, which only got a nod for its script. Is it fair that these movies have all been ignored? It’s also easy to highlight other issues. The guidelines for Foreign Film axed out big contenders like Blue is the Warmest Color and The Past, two pictures that are staples among many top 10 lists. And I think Meryl Streep was nominated more or less for being Meryl Streep and less about August: Osage County for being August: Osage County, which has received not exactly positive reviews (the same could be said about co-star Julia Roberts). Still, I have to pay the Oscars a few compliments. Kudos for nominations for Michael Fassbender and Matthew McConaughey, two actors who have proven themselves to be exceptional in recent years as well as love for Steve McQueen, Martin Scorsese, Christian Bale, Leonardo DiCaprio, and the cast of 12 Years A Slave. But it’s hard to discern the pros from the cons of the nominations and the snubs this year are particularly egregious. Update: As it turns out, “Please Mr. Kennedy” was ruled ineligible by the Academy for its similarity to a few other songs. Thanks to Mark Hobin for spotting that error. Posted in Analysis, Awards, Movies, News, Oscars \| Tags: 12 Years A Slave, Academy Awards, American Hustle, Before Midnight, Christian Bale, Ethan Coen, Her, Joaquin Phoenix, Joel Coen, Leonardo DiCaprio, Martin Scorsese, Matthew McConaughey, Michael Fassbender, Oscar Isaac, Oscars, Scarlett Johansson, Spike Jonze, Steve McQueen, The Wolf of Wall Street « The 71st Golden Globes: Spread The Love What Do You Think Of Lars von Trier? » Great points and you and I share many of the same frustrations. The “Llewyn Davis” snub is baffling. I mean they only used nine of their Best Picture slots. I just don’t get it. By: keith7198 on January 17, 2014 Thanks! The snub of Davis is incredibly ridiculous for me and the open slot just adds to my confusion. I agree with all of your commentary on all of the snubs. And yet, save Streep’s nomination, I don’t think anything egregious. There are so many good movies this year that I think the academy was always guaranteed to go wrong. Too many flicks deserve too much recognition. The year is just that strong. Thanks! Good point, this year’s nominees didn’t have as many sticks in the mud as previous years like the nominations for Les Mis and The Help. And there’s a lot to like with appreciation for films like 12 Years A Slave. Interesting points. I don’t feel I can comment really given that I haven’t seen quite a few of the contenders or the performances up for awards, but from what I hear it’s an oversight to leave ILD out. Was fairly surprised Tom Hanks didn’t get a nomination for Captain Phillips though. By: Popcorn Nights on January 17, 2014 Thanks! It’s particularly bewildering that Davis got almost nothing. I was also surprised that Hanks didn’t get anything, I haven’t seen Captain Phillips yet but from what I heard he’s excellent in it. In such a strong year, I think they did a pretty good job at spreading the love to a lot of films. It’s when a film isn’t recognized at all. For me, the biggest surprise was no love for Daniel Brühl who was incredible in Rush. In fact, Rush was completely shut out, even in the technical categories. Fruitvale Station was shut out too but I expected that so not surprised. Short Term 12 was one of the best reviewed movies of the year. No nominations for that either. Really happy with a lot of the choices however: Leonardo DiCaprio, Matthew McConaughey, Amy Adams. By: Mark Hobin on January 17, 2014 Nice points. It was a good year and there’s a lot to like with the nominees (I was also pleased for DiCaprio and McConaughey, the latter I haven’t seen yet in Dallas Buyers Club but has done an excellent job acting as of late). I completely agree with you about Inside Llewyn Davis, also one of my favorites from 2013. It’s ridiculous, especially skipping over Oscar Isaac. I was also mad about Joaquin Phoenix missing out on a best actor nomination. And American Hustle really didn’t need to be nominated for EVERY award, seriously. But really glad Her and The Wolf of Wall Street got in for best picture and Leo for best actor. The academy always gets stuff wrong, so you just gotta be happy when they get something right. By: Hunter on January 17, 2014 The snub for Davis really angers me and though I liked American Hustle, it pales heavily in comparison. But I was also pleased to see love for her and The Wolf of Wall Street. Heh, I knew you weren’t gonna be pleased with the nominations once I saw how badly Davis got snubbed. In fact, it’s one of those movies that’s actually made the more baffling by getting the nominations that it DID get. How does this movie get a cinematography nomination, yet it somehow goes overlooked for all of the other categories it, quite frankly, is far more deserving to be included in? I dunno, but it is a bit odd. Still, though, overall I was actually pleased with the outcome of the nominations as a whole, what with Leo, Jonah, Fassbender, Adams, and McConaughey all getting recognized. By: Chris on January 17, 2014 Nice point. I was happy it got a cinematography nod but no love for any of the major categories? And I thought “Please Mr. Kennedy” was a sure thing for Best Song. Still, I was pleased for the love for Leo and McConaughey as well. A lot of the nominations left me scratching my head, including American Hustle for Best Picture and the glaring lack of nomination for T Bone Burnett and Tom Kasow. Great post! By: mardikennedy on January 17, 2014 I liked AH and didn’t think it’s nomination was undeserved but it certain was not in the same league as Inside Llewyn Davis. The fact that it did not even get a nomination for Best Song bewilders me. I thought it was a bit heavy handed, but it was generally well-received, so I guess a nomination should have been expected. I think, like a lot of films this year and past years, Llewyn Davis was held out of a lot of categories (specifically music) on technicalities. The song Please Mr. Kennedy was never even a possibility for a nomination as Best Original Song. It was ruled ineligible for consideration. The reason? Not original enough: It was deemed too similar to several songs but this 1962 song is the most obvious: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DW6lQKLn5B8 I haven’t seen Inside Llewyn Davis yet, but I’m surprised it didn’t get more recognition. I’m glad Her got a Best Picture nod, but no love for Phoenix? By: Eric @ The Warning Sign on January 19, 2014 I had a feeling Inside Llewyn Davis wouldn’t get much attention but I was stunned it only got two nominations. I would have also liked to have seen Phoenix get a Best Actor nod. Amy Adams is the only one in the Best Actress category who hasn’t won an Oscar before. Completely shocked by the Tom Hanks snub, did not see that one coming. I wasn’t a big fan of his performance, so I’m not that bothered haha. So happy for Jared Leto, I’m rooting for him this season! By: Lights Camera Reaction on January 24, 2014 I’m very happy Leto was nominated as well, though I have yet to see DBC. Leave a Reply to Mark Hobin Cancel reply	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2412
__label__wiki	0.616839	0.616839	Jess Garvan Institute of Medical Research Garvan Institute of Medical Research Jess' page has now expired 413 days ago, Jess created this page in support of Garvan Institute of Medical Research. With the help of Team Garvan - Run for Research 2018, Jess gave everything: Received 4 donations from generous family and friends. Raised $144.07. I've created this page because I want to make a difference. I'm inspired by the work of Garvan Institute of Medical Research and wanted to support them by raising money as part of my participation in The 2018 Sun-Herald City2Surf presented by Westpac. Please help me help them by giving whatever you can using the 'Give Now' button. The more people that know about Garvan Institute of Medical Research, the greater their impact, so please also spread the word by sharing my page with your friends and family. Thank you in advance for your generosity, it means a lot! Team Garvan - Run for Research 2018 We're only' $10k off our target. Visit our page here: https://garvan-city2surf.everydayhero.do/ Team Garvan's "Run for Research" squad is a dedicated group of people who are fundraising to support medical research into major diseases through the Garvan Institute of Medical Research. We are excited to be running again in 2018. Research at Garvan contributes to knowledge that will ultimately lead to earlier diagnosis, better disease management, new therapies and prevention or cure of a range of diseases including cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's, osteoporosis and many more. For every $1 Garvan receives in government funding, they need to raise an additional 70 cents to ensure their scientists can continue their essential work. So many breakthroughs have already been made at Garvan but there is still a long way to go. We are taking on the challenge of the City2Surf to raise funds to support the best and most promising research. Join us today and together let's Run for Research! Top Supporters $55.77 Na Zuo $50 Helen So $22.48 Anonymous $15.82 Jennifer Su Donations Summary 4 Number of donations $36.01 Average donation $144.07 Donated so far Disease. At some point, we all have to face it. Sometimes the fight is quick and easy; sometimes it’s a lifelong struggle. But no matter what fight we face - whether it’s in our bodies, in our loved ones, in our minds or in our hearts, we always hope for a healthier future. And at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research, we believe that future is within reach for everyone. In fact, we can see it. Through our world-class genomic research, we see a future where your DNA can be used to predict, diagnose and treat and ultimately prevent disease. Through collaboration across different fields of research, we see a future where countless devastating diseases are no longer a death sentence. Through our never-ending pursuit of new discoveries, we see a future where medicine is revolutionized by understanding your DNA and treatment is personalized to you. This is how we fight at Garvan.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2413
__label__cc	0.684328	0.315672	Bouyed By The Win Over The Confederates, The US Cavalry Was Flummoxed By The Apaches. A story about Victorio, Hembrillo Basin and the Buffalo Soldiers. by Daniel Russ on July 5, 2013 Chief of the Chiricahua Apaches: Victorio The United States Army in the West feared the Apaches as much as they feared any Indian. Perhaps the Comanches commanded that much respect, but the Apaches were not just fearsome in the movies and on TV. They expunged any feelings of sympathy from settlers with their habit of torturing captives. These noble warriors showed a marked degree of sociopathy once they had a prisoner. They loved to torture people. They burned them slowly. Beat them regularly, cut off ears and fingers and scalps, even the bottoms of feet. Many Apache tribes made the torture and execution of prisoners a family affair, where men and women and children al cheered the suffering. It’s odd how we see Indians as people living close to God. In fact, Columbus called them Gen En Dios, or quite literally ‘people living in God’. The fact is they were not monolithic. Some were peaceable. Some were horrid neighbors. To the Americans, the Indians were a scourge that occluded the easy conquest and settlement of the West. No one made the argument that the land we settled already had owners. To the Europeans looking for Leibenstraum, there was no going back, and a land this massive with so few indigenous people rendered it up for grabs. The Apaches were no strangers to warfare, such as it was, manifesting itself in fast fierce raids. Remember also that the Apaches and Comanches battled the Spanish for 300 years. But once the US heeded calls for its own Manifest Destiny, it would be only 40 years before the Apaches were militarily defeated. This day the leader of the Eastern Chiricahua Apaches was on the warpath because the US Government refused them the terms of the treaty they were forced to sign: the reservation at Ojo Caliente. The US was dragging its feet because we never intended to honor the agreement. In 1880 the US 9th Cavalry went in search of a band of Chiricahua Apaches and Mescaleros at a place called Hembrillo Basin. On April 6th and 7th, the 9th Cavalry cornered the Chiricahua Apaches under Chief Victorio. The US Army was convinced after a bloody war with the Confederacy that they had the soldiers and the tactics and the weaponry to make short work of Victorio. The mixed band of Apaches were making a point of protest by attacking settlers, and burning buildings and stealing. Before White people came to the New World, Indian bands raided each other with regularity, and took slaves. The oft-repeated raids staved off massive large-scale wars that the Europeans were used to. The Indians in North America just didn’t have the manpower to conduct war on a larger scale. In the vast Western desserts and the rolling mountainous foothills, there were plenty of opportunities for revenge. The Apaches also had a method of fighting that imbued them with natural advantages. First all they knew the lands that they fought on. They had a mix of weapons, muskets and repeating rifles and flintlocks. Most of these they purloined in raids, but they knew how to use these weapons. They had bows and arrows that they could fire at twice the rate of the Cavalry rifles. The Apaches also liked to fight with a mountain at their back. This means that they liked to have their enemies in front and below them. Thusly, when Carroll led his troops into the Hembrillo Basin, located near White Sands, New Mexico they were headed uphill, in thickly forested hills. This area was difficult for man and horses alike and provided perfect cloak in a thousand boscages on the trail up. On the 6th of April 1880, this band ambushed two companies of buffalo soldiers under the command of Captain Henry Carroll and Lt. Blackjack Davidson. The 71 Buffalo Soldiers held off the attack that lasted though the night, taking only 7 casualties, 2 fatal. The Buffalo Soldiers were of course Black, and so had to face a crucible against which only they would be judged. The first day of fighting found the Buffalo Soldiers reeling from the fierceness of the attack and exhaustion trying to fight an enemy they could barely see. They were thirsty and the Apaches defended the natural springs available up the mountain, which forced the cavalrymen to dig holes into the stream beds to find water. The Buffalo Soldiers fought until the next morning when it looked like Victorio was going to deliver a coup de grace. Just in time, two more cavalry companies appeared to reinforce them. Historians believe that the ambush might not have happened as Victorio’s warriors were trailing and reconnoitering the Cavalry from the hills. Many think Lt. Blackjack Davidson rushed his troopers of the 10th Cavalry up the hill for the glory of the win. Blackjack’s attack backfired and the troops had to be relieved by reinforcements. Lt. Davidson had been appointed brigadier General by Abraham Lincoln himself with purview over nits in the Army of the Potomac. Davidson distinguished himself in the Seven Days Battles, the Peninsular Campaign and eventually he led a large Union ground contingent on the embattled Confederates at Vicksburg. He then took command of the Southeast Missouri district. Davidson was one of the few Union Generals who won on the battlefields of the Civil War. That year the Army flushed these Apaches out of the hills and killed Victorio in open battle where he was gunned down by Mexican troops. This campaign was one of the first in history to involve all four major racial lines on the continent: White, Mexican, Indian, and African American. The campaign wound down at the Battle of Cieneguilla in 1854 when the Apaches themselves were fatigued with war. Finally, the technicians around White Sands conducted forensic research on the battlefield on bullets and abandoned or lost equipment for 10 years and have discover that 147 different long arms and 39 pistols. It is amazing was over 50 volunteers found real evidence, marked with GPS, Examined in labs, even distinguishing even tiny century old percussion caps, fired and not fired. With this, they have reconstructed the events fairly accurately. Wiki, http://anthrocivitas.net, archeology.org, The Book Of The American West, Jay Monaghan, 1965. Abraham Lincoln Letter To General Hurlbut Outlining His Dream Of A Negro Army The Day Lincoln Was Almost Hit By A Sniper. The Actual Contents Of The Famous Lost Dispatch, Order 191. The Day Ulysses S. Grant Expelled Jews from Paducah, Kentucky. The Fact Mary Surratt Was A Woman Did Not Help Her In The Trials After Lincoln’s Assassination. Tagged as: apaches, Blackjack davidson, buffalo soldiers, carol Clark, Confederate, hembrillo basin battle, Lincoln, Union Cavalry Previous post: Thanks To The French And Indian War, There Is An America. Next post: WARNING: THESE ARE CONSPIRACY THEORIES. WHAT ELSE IS COMING FROM SNOWDEN? AND WHAT DOES THIS ALL MEAN?	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2416
__label__cc	0.729848	0.270152	Incoming Fifth Grade Summer Reading Middle School Fifth Grade Summer Reading Middle School Summer Reading Activities: 1. ... Realistic Fiction: ... Who insisted on making the snowman in the first place ... Incoming Fifth Grade Summer Reading Middle School Summer Reading Activities: 1. Read the mandatory novel that is listed for your grade level. Students will discuss this book in class during the first week of school and will be tested on this novel. 2. Choose and read one book from the optional list that is provided for your grade level. Students will be required to take the Accelerated Reader test on this book during the first week of school. 3. In lieu of a project, students will complete a reading skills packet that will cover basic comprehension skills. This packet will be provided on the SCS website for each grade level. The skills packet will be due Friday, the first week of school and will count as a homework grade. If the student does not complete the skills packet, he/she will lose 10 points from his/her homework grade. The skills packet will be reviewed in class and then the material from the skills packet will be assessed on the same test as the mandatory novel on Friday, the second week of school. The AR test for the optional novel selection is due Wednesday, the second week of school. The mandatory novel section of the teacher-made test will be worth 60 points, and the skills section of the teacher-made test will be worth 30 points. The AR test on the optional book will be worth 10 points. The score from the teacher-made test (on the mandatory novel and skills) will be combined with the score from the AR test (on the optional novel) and will count as a 100 point test grade. *Please remember to check reviews on amazon.com before choosing a novel from the optional list. These reviews will help to guide you in your selection of a novel. Fifth grade Required Course Reading 1st Quarter Selections from Textbook 2nd Quarter Number the Stars Lois Lowry 3rd Quarter Pictures of Hollis Woods Patricia Reilly Giff 4th Quarter Where the Red Fern Grows Wilson Rawls Mandatory Novel: From the Mixed Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler By: E.L. Konigsburg Adventure Fiction: Bored with her life, twelve-year-old Claudia Kincaid is ready for a big change. In fact, she wants to run away from home. But she doesn't like discomfort. She doesn't even like picnics. So an old-fashioned, knapsack kind of running away is out of the question. Instead of running from somewhere, she decides to run to somewhere some place comfortable, and preferably beautiful. Where else, but the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City? Excerpt from Scholastic.com book wizard review Optional Novels: 1: A Wrinkle in Time By: Madeleine L'Engle Science Fiction: This is a classic adventure story of three children Meg, Charles, and Calvin. With the help of the three mysterious ladies named Mrs. Whatsit, Mrs. Who, and Mrs. Which, the children must embark on a strange and perilous journey to find the father of Meg and Charles Wallace. 2: The Magicians Elephant By: Kate DiCamillo Fantasy: When ten-year-old orphan Peter encounters a fortuneteller in the marketplace, she tells him that his sister, who is presumed dead, is in fact alive, so he embarks on a remarkable series of adventures as he desperately tries to find her. 3: A Dogs Life: The Autobiography of a Stray By: Ann M. Martin Adventure: Squirrel and her brother Bone begin their lives in a tool shed behind someone's summer house. Their mother nurtures them and teaches them the many skills they will need to survive as stray dogs. But when their mother is taken from them suddenly and too soon, the puppies are forced to make their own way in the world. 4: Maniac Magee By: Jerry Spinelli Realistic Fiction: He wasn't born with the name Maniac Magee. He came into this world named Jeffrey Lionel Magee, but when his parents died and his life changed, so did his name. And Maniac Magee became a legend. Even today kids talk about how fast he could run and about how he hit an inside-the-park "frog" homer, but the thing Mania Magee is best known for is what he did for the kids from the East Side and those from the West Side. 5: Out of Darkness: The Story of Louis Braille By: Russell Freedman Nonfiction: At the age of three, Louis Braille was blinded in an accident; at the age of 10, he was sent to study at the Royal Institute for Blind Youth in Paris. Learning was a painstaking process, and Braille was determined to find a better way. 6: Titanic: A Nonfiction Companion to Tonight on the Titanic By: Will and Mary Pope Osborn (Magic Tree House Research Guide) Nonfiction: How long did it take to build the Titanic? Why did it sink? What was it like to be a passenger? What happened to the people who survived? Find out the answers to these questions and more by reading Jack and Annie's very own guide to the ship and its story. 7. Bad News for Outlaws: The Remarkable Life of Bass Reeves, U.S. Deputy Marshall By: Vaunda Micheaux Nelson Nonfiction: The story of Bass Reeves is the story of a remarkable African American and a remarkable hero of the Old West. Outlaws feared him. Law-abiding citizens respected him. As a peace officer, he was cunning and fearless. This picture book accurately tells the story of a man born into slavery who grew up to become the most feared and respected lawman in the Indian Territories. St. Catherine of Siena Middle School Summer Reading Packet A. ROOT WORDS Each of the following words is made up of a root word and an ending. You should be able to recognize the root word even though the spelling was changed in some way when the ending was added. On the blank write the root for each word. 1. Happiest ________Happy_________________ 2. Foggy ______________________________ 3. Activities ______________________________ 4. Whistling ______________________________ 5. Prettify ______________________________ 6. Busily ______________________________ 7. Diving ______________________________ 8. Imaginable ______________________________ 9. Grabbed ______________________________ 10. Shelves ______________________________ B. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE/LITERARY DEVICES Read each sentence below. Underline the two things that are being compared. Then write simile or metaphor to tell which figure of speech was used. 1. The road ran along before us like a gray ribbon. _______simile____________ 2. The moon overhead was a big white plate. ______________________________ 3. The cactuses were pincushions. __________________________________ 4. The glass of ice water felt like a mountain stream. ___________________________ 5. Lights up ahead looked like fallen stars. ________________________________ Construct an example sentence(s) for each of the following types of figurative language. 1. Personification: 2. Hyperbole: 3. Alliteration: Match the following figurative languages/literary devices with their definition. _____1. onomatopoeia A. comparing 2 objects/people without using like or as _____2. imagery B. words that set the stage for events yet to unfold _____3. idiom C. using an object or action that means something more than its literal meaning _____4. flashback D. comparing 2 objects/people using like or as _____5. foreshadowing E. reference to a previous event _____6. simile F. words whose very sound is very close to the sound they are meant to depict _____7. metaphor G. the use of descriptive words to create a mental picture _____8. symbol H. words that mean something other than the literal meaning C. FACT AND OPINION After you read each statement below write F for fact in the blank if the statement can be proved true or false, and O for opinion if the statement cannot be proved definitely right or wrong. ______1. Mercury is a planet in the solar system. ______3. The Camry is the best-looking car on the road. ______4. My father makes the best spaghetti. ______5. California is on the Pacific Coast. ______6. Walking on the beach is a lot of fun. ______7. Springfield is the state capital of Illinois. ______8. Blue is the best color for sweaters. D. MAKING INFERENCES Read the following situations and answer the questions. Three boys are walking down the street. Ed and Tommy are patting Peter on the back. They are telling him what a good friend he is and what a good football player he is. They tell him how smart he is. It seems they just cant compliment him enough. 1. Who just got his allowance, Ed, Tommy, or Peter? ___________________________ 2. Why are Ed and Tommy so friendly towards Peter? Andrew and his mom and dad are all outside in the snow building a snowman. After five minutes, Andrew heads for the door. Hes had enough. Mom and Dad look extremely surprised. 1. Who insisted on making the snowman in the first place? You ask your sister how she did o her chemistry test, and she replies by slamming her books down on a table and snapping, I dont want to talk about it! 1. What do you guess has happened? E. SEQUENCING Below is a list of events that might make up a story. They are out of order. Number the events in sequence from first to last. _______Marcy outlines her essay and then writes the first draft. _______Marcy mails her essay to Teen Life. _______Marcy reads about an essay contest that the magazine Teen Life is sponsoring. _______ Each day after school Marcy checks the mail, hoping for a letter from Teen Life. _______ Marcy reads all the contest rules and instructions carefully. _______ Marcy revises her first draft and recopies it onto a new sheet of paper. _______Marcy tears open the letter, and check for one hundred dollars falls out. ______Marcy finally receives a letter from Teen Life. F. CAUSE AND EFFECT Choose the correct cause for each effect. Write the letter in the sentence. 1. ________, they must be studied with a telescope. 2. ________, rivers are formed. 3. ________, people can travel long distances in less time. 4. ________, no person had ever seen one. 5. ________, lightning is seen before thunder is heard. a. Because sound travels slower than light, b. Because small streams move together and join, c. Because dinosaurs lived on Earth millions of years before humans, d. Because stars are far away, e. Because jet airplanes were invented, G. WORD ENDINGS Choose the correct words to complete the following sentences. direct directly directed directing direction 1. A balloon can only move in the ___________________ the wind takes it. 2. A puff of smoke rose _____________________ up the chimney. 3. When they felt the earthquake, he ____________________ them to a safe place. 4. When the bridge collapsed, firefighters had to ____________________ cars to other streets. 5. He was ________________traffic to avoid an accident. H. MAIN IDEA 1. The suns energy is very useful. It will never run out, and it is free. In some ways Australia is lucky because it receives more of the suns rays than almost any other country in the world. Therefore, as the cost of fuels like oil and gas rise, it makes sense to use the suns rays as much as possible. Now Australia uses solar energy to heat homes, provide hot water, and to work pumps and other things. 2. Solar heating works by putting collectors, which are sometimes called solar cells, on the roof or walls of a house. These collectors catch the sun and covert its energy into heat. In the remote parts of Australia, electricity can cost far more than it does in the cities. About six percent of Australian homes have solar water heaters at the moment, but this number is rising. 3. The biggest factory in the world for making solar water heaters is in Western Australia. Recently, a highly efficient silicon solar cell was developed at the University of New South Wales. Also, in 1977, scientist at the Australian National University in Canberra made the worlds first system for storing large amounts of solar energy. 1. Which paragraph tells the reader about the importance of solar power? 2. Which paragraph tells the readers about scientific research in Australia? 3. Draw a line to match the paragraph number with its main idea. Paragraph 1 development of solar power cells Paragraph 2 importance of solar power for Australia Paragraph 3 how solar heating works 4. Which of these would be another good title for this passage? A. Western Australian Factories B. Power for the Future C. University Scientists Middle School Summer Reading List 20162017 Middle School ...Documents Summer Reading: Incoming 8 Grade Language Reading... · Summer Reading: Incoming 8 th Grade Language…Documents Wellesley Middle School Summer Reading List: Entering 8th GradeDocuments Pershing Middle School Grade 6 Summer 2018 Reading ?· Thank you so much for supporting our summer reading…Documents Incoming 12th Grade Summer Reading - ? Web viewNorthwest High School . 2014 . Incoming 12. th. Grade Students. Summer Reading Assignment (Instructions & Reading Response ChartDocuments 2011-2012 Fifth Grade Summer Reading Grade Summer Readi · 2017-2018 Fourth Grade Summer Reading List…Documents Middle School Summer Reading ListEducation Fifth Grade Summer Reading Program Enterprise Elementary ?· Fifth Grade Summer Reading Program Enterprise…Documents Fifth Grade Summer Reading 2017-2018 School Year Grade Summer Reading 2017-2018 School Year. Summer Reading Choices (Pick one): ... Replay . by Sharon Creech Reading Level 6.1 Interest Level 4-7.Documents AIM Middle School Summer ReadingDocuments 2011 SUMMER READING LIST - GRADE SUMMER READING LIST - GRADE 12. · Killarney Secondary School Summer…Documents Westfield High School: Grade 9 Summer Reading ?· Westfield High School: Grade 9 Summer Reading List…Documents James S. Hogg Middle School Seventh Grade Summer ... S. Hogg Middle School Seventh Grade Summer Reading…Documents 2016 Middle School Summer Reading List and 8th Grade... · 2016 Middle School Summer Reading List ...…Documents Peekskill Middle School Summer Reading ?· Peekskill Middle School Summer Reading Assignment Incoming…Documents Summer Reading List First Grade - School of the Madeleine Grade Summer Reading... · Summer Reading…Documents SMCPS Middle School Summer Reading Guidelines (2015 ?· SMCPS Middle School Summer Reading Guidelines…Documents Eagleview Middle School: Incoming 6th Grade Level Summer Reading Project/6th... · Bud, Not Buddy 950…Documents Parras Middle School Summer Reading List ?· Parras Middle School Summer Reading List ... they are encouraged…Documents EIGHTH GRADE - sum · EIGHTH GRADE The Middle School at Lipscomb Academy Summer Reading Philosophy…Documents	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2420
__label__wiki	0.827676	0.827676	ISGP Wikispooks War on Workers and Labor Unions and Students Hacking Team Emails Expose Proposed Death Squad Deal, Secret U.K. Sales Push and Much More Thread: Hacking Team Emails Expose Proposed Death Squad Deal, Secret U.K. Sales Push and Much More Magda Hassan Hacking Team was hacked and all their emails posted on line. Wikileaks has a lovely searchable data base of them here: https://wikileaks.org/hackingteam/emails/ Ryan Gallagher at The Intercept has done a great story on what the charming soulless mercenaries actually do for work. By Ryan Gallagher @rj_gallagher Late Sunday, hackers dumped online a massive trove of emails and other documents obtained from the systems of Italian surveillance firm Hacking Team. The company’s controversial technology is sold to governments around the world, enabling them to infect smartphones and computers with malware to covertly record conversations and steal data. For years, Hacking Team has been the subject of scrutiny from journalists and activists due to its suspected sales to despotic regimes. But the company has successfully managed to hide most of its dealings behind a wall of secrecy – until now. For the last few days, I have been reading through the hacked files, which give remarkable insight into Hacking Team, its blasé attitude toward human rights concerns, and the extent of its spyware sales to government agencies on every continent. Adding to the work of my colleagues to analyze the 400 gigabyte trove of hacked data, here’s a selection of the notable details I have found so far: Demo for Bangladesh “death squad” In May, a Hacking Team representative traveled to Dhaka in Bangladesh to demonstrate the company’s spy technology at the headquarters of a brutal paramilitary security agency that is known for torture and extrajudicial killings. The Rapid Action Battalion (pictured above) – described by Human Rights Watch as a “death squad” that has perpetrated systematic abuses over more than a decade – wanted to see “a practical demonstration” of Hacking Team’s surveillance equipment “in the ground settings of Bangladesh,” according to the company’s emails. Last month, a reseller for Hacking Team in Bangladesh reported that he had submitted the bid papers for the deal and was “pushing RAB to select our offer through our personal relationship.” DEA mass surveillance in Colombia Hacking Team supplies its technology to the DEA, which one email shows is apparently using the spyware to launch surveillance operations from the U.S. embassy in Bogota, Colombia. More notably, the email suggests that, in addition to the Hacking Team technology, the DEA is also using other spying equipment at the embassy in Colombia to perform dragnet Internet surveillance. Last month, a Hacking Team field engineer had a meeting with DEA agents in Cartagena and noted that he was told the agency had “bought another interception tool (something that will receive all the traffic for Colombian’s [sic] ISPs).” Impressing dictator’s spies In October 2014, in Doha, Qatar, Hacking Team demonstrated its technology for two officers from Belarus intelligence agency the Operations and Analysis Center, or OAC. The Belarus government is an authoritarian regime that been accused by Human Rights Watch of suppressing “virtually all forms of dissent,” cracking down on journalists, activists, opposition politicians, and anyone else deemed to have deviated too far from the orthodoxy of despotic president Alexander Lukashenko, known as “Europe’s last dictator.” Nevertheless, these issues don’t seem to have put off Hacking Team’s attempts to make a sale. “The prospect confirms to be impressed by our solution,” noted a Hacking Team employee after the meeting with the two officers. “They will evaluate to proceed with the Sales Department to arrange a dedicated meeting.” It is unclear from the emails whether the sale went ahead or if efforts to finalize it are still ongoing. Sales through Israeli company One of Hacking Team’s key corporate partners is Nice Systems, an Israel-based company with close links to Israeli military and intelligence agencies. (CEO Barak Eilam, for instance, was formerly an officer with an “elite intelligence unit” in the Israeli Defense Forces, according to his biography. Eilam’s LinkedIn profile links him to Unit 8200, Israel’s signals intelligence corps.) The leaked Hacking Team documents show that Nice has been working on closing a large number of deals for the company across the world, winning contracts in Azerbaijan and Thailand and pushing for sales in Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras, Israel, Kuwait, Finland, Georgia, Greece, India, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kirghistan, and elsewhere. Hacking Team had not responded to a request for comment on this story at time of publication. On Tuesday, a spokesman for the company told the International Business Times: “We don’t have anything to hide about what we are doing and we don’t think that there is any evidence in this 400GB of data that we have violated any laws and I would even go so far as to argue that there is no evidence that we have behaved in anything but a completely ethical way.” According to the hacked files, Hacking Team’s top sales in recent years have come from governments and law enforcement agencies in these countries, in descending order of sales: Mexico, Italy, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Chile, Hungary, Malaysia, UAE, the United States, Singapore, Kazakhstan, Sudan, Uzbekistan, Panama, Ethiopia, Egypt, Luxembourg, Czech Republic, South Korea, Mongolia, Vietnam, Spain, Ecuador, Oman, Switzerland, Thailand, Russia, Nigeria, Turkey, Cyprus, Honduras, Azerbaijan, Colombia, Poland, and Bahrain. Attempts to break U.K. market Police agencies in the United Kingdom have trialled Hacking Team’s technology, and have been attempting to purchase it for years, but have been hindered by apparent concerns about the legality of the technology. In May 2011, through a U.K.-based corporate partner, Hacking Team arranged a secretive meeting with several interested British agencies. The company was told by the partner that attendees would possibly include London’s Metropolitan Police, the government’s Home Office, domestic intelligence agency MI5, customs officials, the Serious Organised Crime Agency, and others. After this meeting, in September 2013, the London police force told Hacking Team that it was “now ready to progress” with a trial of the spying tool. In December the same year it then invited Hacking Team to formally submit a bid for a spy technology contract. A confidential document outlined that the force wanted to obtain “‘Software’ that can be covertly introduced to a third parties device and will allow us to ‘Look, Listen and Follow’ the third party. The Authority will receive, record and playback the ‘Product’ retrieved from the third party on a ‘System’ that shall be scalable, using proven technology that has in-built security measures appropriate to this task.” But the deal with the London cops, worth £385,000 ($591,000) to Hacking Team, was abruptly halted in in May 2014 following “internal reviews on how we wished to move this area of technology forward,” according to an email from the police, although the force left the door open for a future deal, adding: “Of course in the months/years to come this could change and if that is the case then we would welcome your organization’s participation.” Since then, Hacking Team has continued to try to crack the U.K. market. It tried – and apparently failed – to set up a deal with Staffordshire Police after an officer contacted the company seeking technology to “access WiFi points to check users” and infect devices to covertly collect data. Hacking Team discussed whether it could sell its technology disguised under a different name, “hiding” its full functionality. And in January this year it began negotiating a contract with the British National Crime Agency. The meeting was a success, with an officer for the agency telling Hacking Team that a demonstration of the covert surveillance technology “was extremely well received and proved to be a real eye opener for what can be achieved.” In April, the same officer told Hacking Team he wanted a quote for basic spyware that would log keystrokes, noting that he could “then grow the system accordingly as we would then have the base platform.” Hacking Team was interested in this proposal and discussed internally whether it could sell its technology disguised under a different name, “hiding” its full functionality. The deal appears to have since stalled, with the British agency telling Hacking Team in late May it was “unable to arrange” a meeting. Plotting denials Hacking Team’s emails reveal its deceitful attempts to positively spin news reports that have exposed the company’s technology being used against journalists and activists in repressive countries. In October 2012, for example, Bloomberg and Citizen Lab revealed the company’s technology had apparently been used to target a pro-democracy activist in the United Arab Emirates, who was tracked down and beaten by suspected agents of the state. But instead of accepting responsibility and taking firm action against its customer, Hacking Team chose to issue a series of denials. A technical analysis of the malware used against the activist showed it contained the acronym “RCS,” a reference to Hacking Team’s flagship spyware called Remote Control System. Hacking Team’s public relations guru Eric Rabe scrambled to find a way to muddy the waters, suggesting to his colleagues that they could identify another software with RCS in its name and pin the blame on that. He proposed the company could announce that “The initials RCS are, of course, the initials of a Hacking Team product, Remote Control System, but are also commonly used in software code for the term (WHAT?) Frankly they could mean anything.” In other emails in the trove, Hacking Team employees appear to confirm that their spy tool did target the UAE activist. While discussing a Slate piece I wrote on the incident in October 2012, Hacking Team developer Marco Valleri says in the UAE case malware was “downloaded” to infect the activist’s device from “our old demo server.” Moreover, as my colleague Lee Fang has reported, the hacked data shows Hacking Team’s technology has been sold to the UAE since at least 2011. The pro-democracy activist was targeted by it in July 2012. A presentation prepared by Hacking Team for a surveillance conference in South Africa later this month shows the company complaining about the “chilling effect” that it claims regulation of surveillance technology is having on the ability to fight crime. The presentation singles out the organizations Hacking Team views as its main adversaries, noting that it is a “target” of groups such as Human Rights Watch and Privacy International and warning that “democracy advocates” are putting pressure on governments. Separately, the company’s emails show CEO David Vincenzetti’s reaction to criticism from activist groups, who he says are “idiots” good at “manipulating things and demonizing companies and people.” In one email sent last month, Vincenzetti seems to have unwittingly foreseen the future, jokingly warning staff about the ramifications of the company’s sensitive information leaking online. “Imagine this: a leak on WikiLeaks showing YOU explaining the evilest technology on earth! :-)” he wrote. “You will be demonized by our dearest friends the activists, and normal people will point their fingers at you.” https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2...uad-uk-spying/ "I think it would be a good idea." Mahatma Gandhi, when asked what he thought of Western civilization. The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways; the point is to change it. Karl Marx. "Well, he would, wouldn't he?" Mandy Rice-Davies, 1963, replied Ms Rice Davies when the prosecuting counsel pointed out that Lord Astor denied an affair or having even met her. David Guyatt Originally Posted by Magda Hassan The caption should've been: Hacking Team Hacked! I believe the term is hoisted on their own petard... The shadow is a moral problem that challenges the whole ego-personality, for no one can become conscious of the shadow without considerable moral effort. To become conscious of it involves recognizing the dark aspects of the personality as present and real. This act is the essential condition for any kind of self-knowledge. Carl Jung - Aion (1951). CW 9, Part II: P.14 Tracy Riddle Technology is always a double-edged sword. It can easily be turned around and used against its creator. Michael Barwell "Attempts to break U.K. market Police agencies in the United Kingdom have trialled Hacking Team’s technology, and have been attempting to purchase it for years, but have been hindered by apparent concerns about the legality of the technology." Yeah - nice bit o' PR, Cyril. "a brutal paramilitary security agency that is known for torture and extrajudicial killings." I was quickly reading thru' ".. Quoting from a study of the torture of American airmen during the Korean War published six years earlier in the Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, the manual states: 'in the simple torture situation the contest is one between the individual and his tormentor (..and he can.. " from Cruel Brtiannia. Carhorn went-off at "torture" and a siren when I copied it. Par for course in sado-narcissistic the spook-world of 'ideas of reference.' [SIZE=1]Martin Luther King - "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere." Albert Camus - "The only way to deal with an unfree world is to become so absolutely free that your very existence is an act of rebellion". Douglas MacArthur — "Whoever said the pen is mightier than the sword obviously never encountered automatic weapons." Albert Camus - "Nothing is more despicable than respect based on fear."[/SIZE] Quick Navigation War on Workers and Labor Unions and Students Top Players, organisations, and events of deep politics Panopticon of Global Surveillance Geopolitical Hotspots Institute for the Study of Globalization and Covert Politics (ISGP) Money, Banking, Finance, and Insurance Profits before People Political, Governmental, and Economic Systems and Strategies Black Operations Energy Resources, Free Energy and Renewable Energy Applied Linguistics, Cognitive Science, and Framing the Discourse Seminal Moments of Justice Organizations and Cults Alchemy and Borderlands Videos and Photographs Wanted Research Materials, Leads, Documents, Books, Films etc. Activities and Strategies Forum Decorum & Rules of Engagement Forum Technical Issues -- DPF Default Style ---- ModTest1 ---- X2 -- Default Mobile Style Deep Politics Forum	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2424
__label__cc	0.664459	0.335541	Streaming is available in most browsers, and in the WWDC app. WWDC 2015 Keynote WWDC 2015 - Session 101 - iOS, macOS, watchOS SD Video [Laughter] [Cheers and applause] TIM COOK: Good morning! Good morning! Good morning. Good morning. Good morning! Thanks for joining us. And welcome to San Francisco. Welcome to WWDC 2015. Although we may not have any -- thank you -- high-flying trapeze acts, we do have a lot of great things to talk about this morning. This developer conference continues to be the epicenter of change for not only Apple, but the industry. This is our 26th WWDC. We have attendees today from over 70 countries, and 80 percent are here for the very first time. This is our most global conference ever. And a special shout-out for our 350 scholarship winners. [Cheers and applause] These guys are unbelievable. I spent some time with them yesterday. Our youngest scholarship winner is a 12-year-old girl from New York. She is going to have a fantastic future ahead. We've got over a hundred sessions planned for you and over 150 labs so that you can get your hands on our latest technologies. And we've got over a thousand Apple engineers to answer just about any question that you might have. Now, we've got a lot more people that would have liked to have been here this morning, but unfortunately, we just can't fit any more in, as you can tell. And so for the first time, we're not only live streaming the Keynote, but we are live streaming 30 sessions of the conference as well. Now, before we get right to the show, I'd like to bring up something that I saw on the news just a few days ago. This is Brandon Moss of the Cleveland Indians, and he hit his 100th career home run last Tuesday. Obviously, it's a huge milestone if you are a baseball player. Not a lot of people do this. And you can imagine how much that ball would mean to him to have it. It turns out the ball was hit into the Indians' bull pen, and his teammates decided to play a bit of a prank on him. They decided to hold it for ransom. And this is the list of things they asked for. [Laughter] Apple Watches, iPads, MacBook Airs, iPhones. It's unbelievable. It's a shopping list for the Apple Store. Now, Brandon would have had to raid an Apple Store to get that ball back. That didn't seem quite right to us, and so what we're going to do is we're going to pay the ransom. And I have the ball right here. We are giving the ball to Brandon, and we are going to give everything his teammates asked for to them so everybody is happy. So congratulations, Brandon, on a hundred home runs, and good luck on the next hundred. Now, we've got a jam-packed morning for you. We are going to get started with OS X. We are bringing a whole bunch of new great capabilities to the Macintosh. And next we've got a great update for iOS, the world's most advanced mobile operating system. And today we're bringing native apps to the Watch with a new version. With a new version of the watchOS, which gives the developers even more time to create even greater apps for the Watch that will change the world. Now, all three of these ecosystems together provide incredible opportunities for developers and unbelievable possibilities for users. So we are very excited about this. There's a lot here, and so I am going to dispense with my normal updates other than to tell you everything's going great. [Laughter] And I'd like to bring out my friend and colleague Craig Federighi to take you through OS X and iOS. Craig. CRAIG FEDERIGHI: Good morning! It's fantastic to be with you here at WWDC. The team has been doing some amazing work this year, and I am thrilled to be able to share it with you today. We are going to start with OS X. Now, our current release, Yosemite, is a big, bold, beautiful release with a gorgeous new UI and breakthrough features like Continuity that let you work across your devices like never before. Now, the adoption rate for Yosemite is just incredible. In fact, over 55 percent of active Mac users are running our latest update, and this is just unprecedented in the history of our industry. [Laughter] In fact, Yosemite has the fastest adoption rate for any PC operating system ever. So thank you. So for our next big release of OS X, we knew we wanted to build on those strengths of Yosemite with some really great refinements and advances. The only real question, of course, was what to call it. So we had to once again turn to our crack Apple Marketing Team. Now, in typical California fashion, they started with a project kickoff meeting. [Laughter] And then headed immediately into a team building off site. [Laughter] Now, of course they are in their traditional Apple Marketing Free-Bottom Fridays attire. They say it's all part of their process. I am not sure I get it. Ultimately, this didn't yield any names, so they called in a consultant. [Laughter] He told them the answer was to be found within. Not within themselves, but within Yosemite. And so the new name for OS X is OS X El Capitan. For El Capitan, we focused in two major areas -- experience and performance. For experience, we've made Spotlight more expressive, more powerful, and more knowledgeable than ever. We've made big enhancements to the apps you use most, and we made some real great advancements in the area of how you manage windows on the system. But rather than just talk about it, I'd like to show it to you, so let's start with a demo right now. Now, your first task, of course, in a demonstration or whenever you wake your Mac, is finding the cursor, and El Capitan makes this easier than ever. I just do that little shake we all normally do, and there it is. It comes right out to greet you. It's really handy. Now, we brought other great gestures to the system. I am just going to go here in Mail. I have a message here from Eddy. Looks like -- well, now -- [Laughter] -- that's a keeper. So I can actually mark it unread to keep it just by swiping two fingers across the trackpad just like that. And this one I'd kind of like to delete, so I am just going to swipe it away just like that. So some real nice little gestures. Let's move on now to Safari. Now, in Safari, I have some sites that I like to keep around because I refer to them on and off throughout the day, and now in Safari, I can pin those sites just like this. So there's -- I am going to pin my Twitter site here. And of course I have been following the Warriors. Go Warriors, we are going to get it done. Just like that. Now, Pinned Sites have a lot of special properties. For one, if I close this window and reopen it, you see that my Pinned Sites are all right there, and they load instantly. Now, Pinned Sites also behave differently when I follow links, so I am just going to click on one here, and you notice it opens in a new tab, but my pinned site remains. Now I am going to open up a couple more links. This one, let's see, this one. I will take a quick look. This one looks like some kind of presentation video. This one is about the Giants. Have you ever had this happen to you? You are like, Where is this audio coming from? Now with just a tap, you can mute it or find out where it came from and shut it down just like that. So I am interested in seeing this Giants game, and now Spotlight can actually help me out there. So I am just going to do a search for the SF Giants, and we see right now I get current game scores, upcoming games. Looks like the game I want to go to is on Friday, so I can just search for weather on Friday. See we get the weather. We can even resize the Spotlight panel and move it around. I mean, there's innovation; huh? [Laughter] But I can also express myself in my own words in Spotlight searches now, so I can do things like slides from Brian, and you see I find those there. But how about slides from Brian about El Capitan? You see, I find exactly what I am looking for in my own words. Now, this works great in other apps as well. Let's try it out in Mail. So I've been really busy, of course, the last couple of days, so I have been getting a little behind on my Mail. I want to see the messages that I've received from Phil but that I haven't responded to yet. So I am just going to say "mail I ignored from Phil." [Laughter] There are a few, but I will be getting back to him right after the show. [Laughter] So next, of course, it's great in the Finder as well, so if I wanted to look at documents that I was working on last year at this time, I might say something like "documents I worked on last June." And I find exactly what I am looking for. So this is really a great way to search. Next I want to turn to window management, so I am just going to run a script here that's going to open up a whole bunch of windows to simulate kind of what my desktop looks like after a day working on OS X because it's a powerful system and we tend to have a lot of things open. OS X provides some great ways to navigate your windows, and one of those is Mission Control. In El Capitan, we made Mission Control smoother, simpler, and faster than ever. I am going to take three fingers and swipe up on the trackpad. We get this gorgeous overview of Mission Control. I'll just bring forward Safari. Let's do that again and bring up Mail. Just like that. Works really great. Of course, OS X provides great tools also to organize your windows, and one of those is Full Screen. I am going to take this window here full screen, and I am going to reply. Looks like there's a message here from Eddy. He says sorry about bailing on the team dinner last night. He was apparently prepping for the Keynote. So that's understandable. But it looks like, actually, I just got a new mail from Jeff here, and now I can just click away, and it hides, and then -- oh, hold on. Busted, Eddy. So I think I'll just drag this, actually, right into my Compose window, it hops up automatically, and I can do it just like that. It's really great. And I can even open up tabs in Compose as well. It's really handy. So this is a great way now to work in full screen in Mail. Thank you. Now, we've done something totally new to El Capitan, and it's the ability to work really easily on two windows side by side. So I am just going to click and hold here on the green button. And you see it's prompting me to pick a side. I will just drop it in. And you notice I get an expose of all my other windows. Let me pick the new News app, just like that. Of course, I can resize this window to style it just the way I want. How about that blur? Again, innovation. [Laughter] So, great way to work. Here I can drag links, for instance, from Safari right in here. You notice in the new Notes app, I get a beautiful graphical link that gives me a nice thumbnail that helps me identify what I dragged in there. I am going to drag in some yurts. I think yurts, first time mentioned on the WWDC Keynote stage. There you go. Got some yurts here. Great way to work split screen. We've also provided a really easy way to move windows into their own desktops. So let me just take this window here, I'm just going to drag it up past the top of the screen, and drop it in just like that. So easy. I can also do this to take a window full screen. So let's take Photos, just drop it in right here, I took it full screen. Check this out. I am going to take Messages, drop it on Photos, and create a split view just like that. Totally awesome. And that is a quick look at some improvements to the experience in El Capitan. So we saw in El Capitan a powerful form of search in Spotlight that lets you compose your searches in your own words. It knows more than ever, can look up weather, stocks, game scores. We saw gestures, for instance, just swiping to delete in Mail. And, of course, pin sites in Safari and the ability to easily mute tabs. A great new Notes app that supports text styling, checklists, and graphical links. And better window management than ever with a beautiful new Mission Control interface, easy access to your spaces bar, and of course, the ability to do split view and adjust it to see exactly what you are looking for, every pixel of your display devoted to your content. Of course, there's much more to experience in El Capitan, but now I want to turn to performance. So we've optimized performance throughout the system. In fact, we are seeing about a 1.4 times acceleration in app launching, a 2x improvement in the snappiness of switching apps. The time to get first Mail messages, twice as fast. Opening a PDF in preview, four times as fast. But we've also made deep architectural improvements, and that brings us to Metal. Thank you. Last year we introduced Metal at WWDC as a way to accelerate graphics in high-performance games. It takes the overhead out of OpenGL, providing a high-performance API that gives the game direct access to the power of the underlying graphics hardware. Well, this year we are bringing Metal to the Mac. And we are doing more than that. Because we are taking the graphic stacks on which apps on OS X are built, Core Animation and Core Graphics, and moving them from OpenGL to run natively on top of Metal, making everything you do faster. We are seeing 50 percent improvements in rendering performance and a 40 percent reduction in the amount of CPU necessary to do graphics. That means improved performance for your applications and better battery life. But the benefits of Metal don't stop there. Metal's also great for high-performance apps. In fact, Metal combines the compute power of OpenCL and the graphics power of OpenGL in a higher performance API that does both. And what we've seen from working with early pro developers is really phenomenal. Adobe came in and, in short order, was able to deliver an eight times improvement in their rendering effects inside of After Effects, and they have been able to take the drawing engine in Illustrator, move it on top of Metal, and take kinds of UI that previously was noninteractive, like zoom of extremely detailed drawings, and make it completely flawless and interactive, thanks to Metal. Adobe is so pleased with this they said they are committed to adopting Metal on their OS X apps, seeing performance increases up to 8x. They are excited about what it can do for their Creative Cloud users. Of course, Metal is also fantastic for games with a 10x improvement. That's ten times improvement in drawing performance. So we brought in Epic to see what they could do in short order, and the results are really phenomenal. I'd like to welcome to the stage Josh Adams and Billy Bramer for a quick demo. Thank you, Craig. Thank you very much for having us here today. So last year Metal revolutionized graphics on iOS, and now Apple's amazed us again by bringing Metal to the Mac. Of course, this is great news for games, but also for the tools that we use to make those games. Here you are seeing Epic's upcoming multiplayer title Fortnite, running entirely on Metal. We are modifying it directly within the Unreal Engine, a development tool that powers many of today's best games. It's quite a bit going on in this scene, though, so let's break it down. First, there are 64 different layers of rendering effects, and that's a lot. All combining together, though, to produce what you see on the scene today. If we go into a simple wireframe mode, you can see the thousands of building blocks that make up this world. We can start to add in layers, flat shading, detailed lighting, runtime shadows, and finally we combine them all together to bring Fortnite's fun and lighthearted aesthetic to life. The interesting thing here, though, is that all of the effects you are seeing are being done completely in real-time. Notice how the shadows and objects interact nicely as Josh moves the car around. Finally, we can change the time of day on the fly, dramatically altering the mood of the entire scene. All of this is thanks to the efficiency of Metal. In fact, we are seeing a 70 percent reduction in CPUs compared to OpenGL, enabling developers like us to create richer 3D worlds. Speaking of those worlds, let's hop into the game, Fortnite. Now, if you've ever built a pillow fort and battled imaginary monsters with your friends, you already know how to play Fortnite. This is the end-of-the-world scenario you have been training for since you were a kid. It's a beautifully stylized universe. You can destroy anything you want. Gather resources and build a fort. So let's go ahead and wreck this car. Gather its metal. And continue our wanton destruction by chopping down this tree to get some wood for later. Did we mention there are purple death storms, like this one, for instance? We should go. Luckily, while we were out exploring, we found a multitude of weapons, and this broom. If we can just get across the field, our friend has been busy building a fort across the -- did we mention the storms are made of monsters? We are going to need something a bit better than this broom. Nice! There's our friend laying down some covering fire. Hey, look out! We call that move the power cord. I've got a bad feeling about this. You are going to need a bigger fort. Place a trap, head inside. Looks like an enemy has broken into our fort. All right. Let's use that wood we gathered earlier to fix this wall, build some stairs, meet up with our friend topside. Glad you could make it. [Monster screaming] Whether you are a gamer or a game developer, Metal opens new possibilities for rich and engaging worlds. You can download the Unreal Engine for Mac right now, and the Fortnite beta for Mac starts this fall. Thank you very much. [Cheers and applause] CRAIG FEDERIGHI: Thank you, guys. That was great. We have been totally impressed with what Epic has been able to accomplish in such a short time. And this is in part because the work they did to adopt Metal in their rendering engines for iOS immediately pays dividends on OS X, and we are seeing this with many other developers as well who are bringing their gaming engines immediately to the Mac. And pro app makers are seeing the benefits of Metal as well, people like The Foundry and Autodesk. I think we are going to see pro users, gamers, and all of us benefiting from the performance advantages of Metal. So that is El Capitan, improvements to experience and performance. Now, El Capitan is available to all of you developers today. We will be doing a public beta once again in July, and we will be rolling out to everyone with a free upgrade this fall. And that's our update on OS X. Next -- you guessed it -- iOS. Now, our current big release of iOS is iOS 8, and iOS 8 was a huge release with tons of new features for users and a phenomenal set of technologies that you developers have been able to use to deliver all-new experiences to the platform. The upgrade rate for iOS has been fantastic. We have 83 percent of active iPhone users currently running the latest OS. And this is really important because it means not only are they getting the most recent features, but they're also up to date on all the security fixes, and you're able to know as a developer that you can target all the users with the latest and greatest APIs. And this is a benefit that actually remains really unique to iOS. So we are now looking forward to iOS 9, and as we conceived of what we wanted to accomplish, first and foremost, we wanted to elevate the foundations of the platform, things like extending your battery life, improving performance, and enhancing security to protect customer data. But there was more we wanted to do. Adding intelligence throughout the user experience in a way that enhances how you use your device but without compromising your privacy. Things like improving the apps that you use most and taking the experience of the iPad to the next level. I want to start today with intelligence and Siri. Now, Siri has quietly become incredibly popular. It serves over a billion requests per week. And this is in part because Siri has gotten so great at understanding what we are saying. In just the last year, we've seen a 40 percent reduction in word error rate, down to 5 percent. That's an industry leading number. And Siri is 40 percent faster than ever at responding to what we say. Now, for iOS 9, Siri has a beautiful new UI and is capable of doing so much more. Things like "show me photos from Utah last August" can instantly show you the right photos from your photo library. And Siri's really great at taking reminders. Now you can ask Siri things like "remind me to grab my coffee off the roof of my car when I get in." Because Siri knows now when you've gotten in the car. And of course, we often want to take reminders about things that we are looking at on our device, some content inside of our app, maybe a Safari. Now you can say things like "remind me about this when I get home," and that reminder refers right back with a link to specifically what you were looking at when you took that reminder. So Siri is a great assistant. But the best assistants are proactive. And so on iOS 9, we are bringing proactivity throughout the system. So say you like to run in the morning, and when you do, you like to listen to music. Well, now your phone can learn that about you, and when you plug in your headphones, can offer up Now Playing automatically right on the Lock screen. And this is all context-sensitive to the time, the place, and even the devices you are connected to, so you do the same thing in the car later on, and it might offer up the audio book that you have been listening to. Now, as a great assistant, your iPhone can now take invitations you receive in your email and without you even touching them automatically put them on your calendar and even give you a time to leave reminder, taking into account current traffic conditions, and of course, with just a swipe, give you access to driving directions. Now, have you ever had this happen to you, you get a call, the number looks kind of familiar, but you are really not sure who it is? As a great assistant, your phone can now look in your email and find out who that person might be and suggest it to you right on the Incoming Call screen. It's super handy. Now, this kind of proactivity is also great when it comes to Search. So now when you swipe to the left of the Home screen to get to Search, you see that Siri offers great suggestions, things like the people that you might want to contact now based on your upcoming meetings and your communication patterns, the apps that you might want to launch based, for instance, on what you just downloaded from the App Store and haven't yet tried out, or apps you tend to use this time of day, and also easy one-tap links to locations that are relevant nearby, and even breaking news. When it comes to Search, we also know more than ever before. So for instance, you can search for sports scores. And we now support video search, of popular video sites like Vivi, Vimeo, YouTube, and the iTunes Store. And we have these great descriptive cards with a Play button so you can play directly from your search result. Most importantly, we now have an API for Search. So now when a user performs a search, we can find content behind the apps they have installed on the device and pull those up in Results, and when they tap, they are deep-linked directly into the application. You see for instance here Airbnb. They can get their result. Of course, we even provide a convenient backlink so they can get right back to their search results. So we think these kinds of intelligence features really make a huge difference in your experience in iOS. And to show you how, I would like to give you a quick demo now. So I want to take you through a day in the life with iOS 9, and we are going to start with a typical day for me today. We are going to start in my bedroom when I woke up in the morning. You will notice because my phone knows that in the morning I like to meditate that it's offered me a meditation app right here in the bottom left of the screen. So I can just swipe up from the bottom left, and I am taken right in to meditate. Ah, this is so serene. Well, it looks like I got a message here from Phil. So Phil says that he is putting together the invite for tonight's big karaoke potluck, and can I still pick up this super awesome karaoke machine? Well, you know, Siri actually, when I take reminders, is able to link me right back to what I am looking for, so if I want to remember to pick this up, I can just say this to Siri: "Remind me about this later today." And so Siri will put together a reminder, and you see the link right back to what I am looking for. Well, I think after all, meditation isn't probably for me, so maybe I'll move on to exercise. So I head into the home gym here, and because my phone knows that when I am in the home gym and I hook up headphones and I like to listen to music, watch what happens when I plug in the cord of my headphones. Jumps right in and offers me some energetic music. So let's all bust a move. I don't know what kind of exercise we are all doing here, but pretty good. Looks like actually I've got that invitation that Phil was going to send me. Now, normally I would have to actually go into Mail, look at the time, put this on my Calendar, but in fact, my phone has automatically done that for me. Let me just swipe down here into Notifications Center, and we will look at my calendar for the day. You notice it automatically has already been added right there. Now, if we look at the rest of my day, ahead I have my vocal warm-ups for the karaoke performance, then WWDC. It looks like I have a little bit of time to prepare my dish for the big potluck. So I am going to head into the kitchen now, and let's just swipe in. When I am looking for recipes, for instance, I like to go into Search. Let's just swipe over into Search. We see Siri has actually already -- before I typed a character -- made suggestions for me for people I could contact, for instance, like Trent Reznor, my vocal coach. [Laughter] So I can just tap. Here I can call Trent up, and he can help me tap into my inner pain and rage that allows me to fuel my vocal performances. I actually haven't been able to find the pain and rage, truth be told. Also, we have all these great apps I can run and locations nearby -- for instance, because it's morning, you see coffee and tea and breakfast places are suggested. As well as news. But in this case, I actually want to do a search. So I have some potatoes I think I could make use of in this recipe. So let's just search for potato. Here you notice I am getting search results right from Yummly. Let me tap into Yummly, and you see I am deep-linked directly in, so I get the great view provided by that application. Now, potato chips aren't exactly what I am looking for, so I am going to hit the Back link here, and I can browse directly in to another result, Canadian Poutine. That looks exactly like what the doctor ordered. Yes. Let's look at the ingredients. Looks like 6 tablespoons of unsalted butter. I am down with that. I am going to make at least a double batch. So I can just use Search to do a conversion of tablespoons, figure out how much that is. So that actually is 3/4 of a cup. I am going to round up to an even quart and make myself some fine poutine. [Laughter] So Search is really handy, but Siri is also great at search. So I want to jump forward to later today. When I think I will be reminiscing about WWDC's past. I can ask Siri to help me with that. Show my photos from last June in San Francisco. Oh, yeah, this is great, all these photos from WWDC. You notice now Photos in iOS 9 has this great scrubber bar at the bottom, so I can easily slide through photos super quickly, just like this. Oh, boy, now we are into the karaoke night. This is some fine stuff. Phil really does an awesome Viking crooner. This is good stuff. But of course, the king of karaoke -- [Laughter] -- Eddy Cue. In fact, when I want to get really pumped up and inspired for karaoke night, I like to turn to my Eddy karaoke album, so let's do that now. Show my karaoke photos of Eddy. Oh, that is the master at work. Hitting -- I love this hat. [Laughter] This is totally dope. Great stuff. Well, I could really look at these just all day, but you know, actually, my assistant has given me a reminder based on traffic conditions that it's time to leave, so I am going to wrap up this demo of intelligence on iOS 9. [Cheers and applause] So you've seen how we've been able to bring intelligence throughout the experience in iOS 9, but we do it in a way that does not compromise your privacy. We don't mine your email, your photos, or your contacts in the cloud to learn things about you. We honestly just don't want to know. All of this is done on device, and it stays on device, under your control. [Cheers and applause] And if we do have to perform a lookup on your behalf, for example, for current traffic conditions, it's anonymous, it's not associated with your Apple ID, it's not linked with other Apple services, and it's not shared with third parties. Why would do you that? It is in your control. That is intelligence in iOS 9. Next, let's turn to Apple Pay. And to take you through it, I'd like to bring to the stage our Vice President of our Apple Pay business, Jennifer Bailey. Jennifer. [Cheers and applause] JENNIFER BAILEY: Thanks, Craig. It's great to be here. We have been hard at work on our goal of replacing the wallet, and we've got some exciting updates for you today. I hope you've all tried Apple Pay with our super easy, secure, and private way to pay. Last year we started with credit and debit cards, and we now have over 2,500 banks supporting Apple Pay. And this fall, Discover will bring Apple Pay to the more than 50 million card members. Popular merchants are also expanding their acceptance for Apple Pay, including great retailers who will be supporting Apple Pay this year, including Trader Joe's, Baskin-Robbins, and JCPenny. These incredible brands join a great list of the biggest and best merchants supporting Apple Pay since our launch in October. And for you are basketball fans, if you are lucky enough to have finals tickets, you will be able to pay for all your team logo wear at both arenas using Apple Pay. Small businesses are also important for us, so we are working with innovative companies like Square to enable millions of small businesses to accept Apple Pay. This fall, Square will launch a gorgeous new reader. Preorders are starting today on square.com, and these will be available in our Apple Retail Stores starting this fall. With fantastic support of merchants, both large and small, we will surpass 1 million locations accepting Apple Pay next month. And thanks to our amazing developers, we have great momentum within apps as well. Apple Pay is so easy to use in-app, our developers are telling us they are seeing more than two times increase in checkout rates. And we are adding new apps with Apple Pay to the App Store every day. Here are some of the latest, representing a great range of categories, from Delta in travel to Etsy, the leading crafts marketplace. These apps join an incredible group that are redefining new and simpler ways to pay. We're also excited to be working with Pinterest. Later this month, Pinterest will launch Buyable Pins, where you will be able to buy items from thousands of stores, including Neiman Marcus and Macy's, right from within the Pinterest app using Apple Pay, and only on iOS. With the great momentum of Apple Pay in the U.S., we are now excited to announce that we are bringing Apple Pay to the UK. [Cheers and applause] And it's coming next month! We will launch with eight of the most popular banks, with more coming this fall. With this great lineup of banks, we will support more than 70 percent of the credit and debit cards in the UK. Great merchants are also lining up to support Apple Pay, like Boots, Costa Coffee, and iconic British brands, like Marks and Spencer and Waitrose. We will have over 250,000 locations supporting Apple Pay in the UK. That's more than we started with in the U.S. at our initial launch. We are also thrilled that our customers will be able to commute and pay for their fares on the London transportation system with Apple Pay. So that's Apple Pay coming to the UK. Now let's talk about some of the new features that we are adding in iOS 9. First, you will be able to add your store, credit, and debit cards. Store cards offer unique membership benefits, and leading retailers like Kohl's, JCPenney, and BJs will be the first to offer their cards on Apple Pay. We will also add loyalty and rewards cards, also with a great lineup of merchants. Kohl's will bring Yes2You programs, Walgreens their Balance Rewards card, and for your coffee and doughnut lovers, Dunkin' Donuts will bring Apple Pay to their DDPerks beginning this fall. and Apple Pay automatically presents the right card, so you will never miss a reward. With the expansion of Apple Pay and the new types of cards, we decided it's time to rename Passbook to Wallet. One place for all your credit and debit cards, loyalty cards, boarding passes, and more. We told you last year that our ultimate goal was to replace the wallet, and we are well on the way to doing just that. We couldn't be happier with the progress towards our vision and with the momentum of Apple Pay. Thank you. CRAIG FEDERIGHI: So that's Apple Pay. Let's turn now to our enhancements to the apps you use most, and we are going to start with Notes. Notes is used regularly by about half of our users on iPhone, and for iOS 9, we have some really great enhancements. It starts with how you work with simple text. So now Notes provides a really handy toolbar with formatting options, so it's easy, for instance, to create titles, heading styles, numbered lists. But of course, we all like to create checklists in our notes, and so Notes makes that really easy. And of course, you can just check off your items with just a tap. Now, because a picture is worth a thousand words, we make it easy to get at your camera and your camera roll and put photos directly in your notes. We are also providing a great new way to capture your ideas by just drawing with your finger. We provide some great drawing tools. You can make sketches with these tools and drop them right inside your note. Now, I don't know if you are like me, but a lot of times the things I want to put on my notes are things I am looking at that I find in other apps -- for instance, a web page in Safari. So now from the Share sheet, you can just with a tap add a link right back into your notes. And we make it really easy to find your notes. So we organize them by time, of course, and now we have these great thumbnails to let you see your embedded images at a glance, but we also provide this cool new Attachments view that shows you all of your photos, your maps links, your website links, and when you tap, you can get right back to the note where they came from. Now, Notes is great on iPhone, on iPad, and of course, on the Mac as well. And all of your content is kept up to date across all of your devices via iCloud. That's a quick update to Notes. Next, let's turn to Maps. We've continued to invest heavily in Maps, and the improvements are really awesome. We are seeing five billion user requests per week. Usage on iOS is 3.5 times higher than for the next leading mapping app. Now, Maps, of course, historically have been focused on drivers. They emphasize things like freeways and roads. But we know for a lot of our iOS users, they are mostly focused on public transit, and so now we've created a great map just for them. Yes, it's Transit. With Transit, we provide a map that emphasizes all of the different transit lines, buses, and trains, subway stations and so forth, and when you tap on a station, you can see all the lines that run through it with their departure times. And we do multimodal routing, whether you are taking a train, a subway, a bus, or a ferry. And we provide step-by-step directions, including time for walking directions. But we've taken special care to get the details right, the ones that matter, with Transit. For instance, if you take a subway station like this one in Columbus Circle in New York, it's not just a point on a map. If you look closer, it's actually an enormous underground structure spanning many city blocks, and so we carefully surveyed all of the entrances and exits so that we could give you walking directions based on the time to travel from where you actually are. Now, this not only saves you a ton of walking, but it also probably is the difference between catching your train on time and being stuck. It's really great. We've taught Siri all about Transit, so it's effortless to ask Siri for directions. And we are going to be rolling Maps out, Transit, starting with these cities across the world, and -- -- with these and 300 more in China. Now, when it comes to searching in Maps, we are now letting you find locations by type nearby with just a tap. And when you find the location you are interested in, the card will tell you right away right there in the bottom whether they support Apple Pay. Support those Apple Pay merchants. Maps is great on iPhone and iPad, and of course, the Mac as well. And that is Maps. The apps that we've chosen to build in to iOS are there because they represent fundamental experiences to living on a mobile device. And there's been one that we've been wanting to do for years, something that so many of us find ourselves wanting to do every day on our device, and so today I'm pleased to announce that we are introducing a new application, and it's called News. News is beautiful content from the world's greatest sources personalized for you. Now, here's an article in News. It's absolutely stunning. Now, publishers can easily create beautiful content using gorgeous imagery, custom layout, and rich typography. But News is also interactive, and so to give you a look at News in action, I'd like to invite to the stage our Vice President of Application, Product Management, Susan Prescott. Susan. [Cheers and applause] SUSAN PRESCOTT: Thanks, Craig. Thank you. I am really excited to be the first person to show you our new News app. It's right here on the Home screen. The first thing News wants to do is get a sense of what I like, so it's going to give me a short list of really great choices to choose from. And you'll see as I tap, additional recommendations come in on the bottom to give you even more choices. So I read Atlantic, Wired, New York Times, and ESPN. I am still with you, Warriors! And Daring Fireball. Topics, too, like science, baking, and travel. I could keep going, but I think that's a great start, so I will tap Done. News creates a personalized feed called For You. It's based on the choices I just made, and it's all my News in one place. You can see it looks great. It's easy to scan, and it updates every time I check News. The articles can come from anywhere, but the best ones are built in our new Apple News format, like this Wired article featuring Rashida Jones, awesome in Parks & Rec and The Office. Look at the rich typography, beautiful images, and my favorite part are the really fun animations. It's fast and fluid. We think this offers the best mobile reading experience ever. To get to the next article, I just swipe. It's not just great for magazines; it's great for newspapers too. This is a New York Times article, and it looks like a New York Times article. Swipe down, there's a photo gallery right in line, fast, fluid to swipe through. Go to the next article, this one's from Quartz, but I am seeing it because I said I am interested in science. It's a pretty cool article about a font based on Albert Einstein's handwriting. The animation makes it come to life, and frankly, who knew he had such neat handwriting? It's kind of interesting. Swipe again, and I get an article from Bon Appetit. Great summer recipes, and a crazy little jiggly thing, which is kind of fun. [Laughter] So I am a little busy right now, so I am going to go ahead and bookmark this to read later. Now, ESPN, I love you, Steph. Now, I read ESPN for the articles, but there's also some beautiful -- [Laughter] -- photos and videos. [Cheers and applause] Some photos and videos built in. Not so much last night. Let's see if Steph can make this one. Swish. All right. He is going to be there for us next game. In addition, data and stats are part of what's fun about sports, so of course, rich info graphics can be part of it. I am going to swipe back to For You. Now, News is smart, so the more I read, the better it gets at showing me stories I am interested in. But what if I want to discover something new? I can tap here in the bottom on Explore, and Explore, based on what I've read, will show me new publisher channels I might be interested in and suggested topics. Well, I love technology. I am going to go ahead and follow that. But News keeps track of more than a million topics. So I can be much more specific about my interests. To do that, I can tap on Search and type. I am going to type Swift. And I get a number of hits, everything from Taylor Swift, to what I was looking for, Apple's new programming language. So it's a beautiful feed, and what's really cool about this is there are powerful machine learning algorithms that analyze the contents of the articles to figure out which stories belong in which article. This looks like just what I was hoping for. I am going to go ahead and add Swift to my Favorites. So let's take a look at Favorites. I will tap down here. Favorites is where I can see everything I am following, including Swift, which I just added. It's a great place to go if I want to dig into a particular topic or if I want to read a newspaper or a magazine. Let's say today I want to read Wired. You can tell I am in the Wired channel. You see the Wired logo at the top and the Wired channel starting with Top Stories. I can swipe through and see a collection of the all the print and web stories built in Apple News format, and it looks terrific. I am going to look at one more story. This is about the first civilian artist in space. Cool concept and really cool. I want to show you this. We've taken photo galleries to the next level with something we call Photo Mosaics. Look how beautiful it looks on the page. Stunning. And, as you'd expect, I just tap to zoom in on the photos. It looks great. We think there's never been a more beautiful magazine reading experience, a mobile reading experience in general, and this is just one of many channels with beautiful stories built in Apple News format. That is a really quick look at News. We can't wait to get it in your hands. Thank you very much. [Cheers and applause] CRAIG FEDERIGHI: So that's News. Stunning content. Personalized for you. Fantastic on iPad and on iPhone as well. And of course, unlike just about any other news aggregation service we are aware of on the planet, News is designed from the ground up with your privacy in mind. We worked with leading publishers, like The New York Times, who will be delivering 33 articles daily to News users, and ESPN, who will be bringing the depth and range of their phenomenal sports reporting. And Conde Nast, who are bringing content from 17 of their magazines, like Vanity Fair, Vogue, GQ, Wired, and Bon Appetite. And they will be joined by many, many others read by millions of users daily. News isn't just for the media titans. Great content comes from all kinds of sources, and we want them all in News, so whether it's a local newspaper, a blog, or a special-interest publication, they will all be here. We will be rolling out News starting in the United States, the UK, and Australia. We think you are really going to like it. Next, let's turn to iPad. Now, iPad is a transformational device. For our users in education, business, and at home, for many of them, their iPad is their primary computer. And iPads are just tremendously powerful, so in iOS 9, we are elevating the iPad experience to a whole new level. Now, it starts with something really simple, which is how you work with text. That brings us to the QuickType keyboard. Now, in iOS 8, we introduced the Suggestion bar that makes it quicker than ever to type and enter what you are trying to get in. But now, in iOS 9, we've added shortcuts to that bar, so with just a tap, you can cut, copy, paste, format your text, access your attachments. It's really handy. But you know, what makes a Multi-Touch keyboard so special is that it can be anything you want. It can transform. So now when you want to move the cursor or make a selection, you can now just put two fingers down on the keyboard, and it becomes a trackpad instantly. You can move the cursor, you can make selections. Of course, you can use the shortcut bar to cut, drag to a new place, and paste, editing more quickly than ever before and without your fingers ever leaving the home row. It's really great. And if you do occasionally want to hook a physical keyboard to your iPad as well, we made that better than ever. We provide a way to discover all of the shortcuts that can accelerate your operations in the applications using the keyboard, and we've provided shortcuts for app switching. This might look familiar to some of you. As well as to searching in Spotlight. So that's QuickType, but now I want to turn to the big one, and that's Multitasking. So iPad has always supported forms of multitasking, like this great graphical task switcher, and these nice four-finger gestures that let you move between applications. But for iOS 9, we are taking it to a whole new place, and I'd like to show that to you now. So let's start here on my iPad. And what I am going to do first is double-tap on the Home button, and you will see our new task switcher. It's really gorgeous. Big, full-screen previews of all the apps. Just move right into Safari like this. But of course, often when I am in an app like Safari, I then just want to quickly check my messages. So now with just a single finger swipe from the side, I can slide it right in with what we call Slide Over. Of course, it's fully interactive. I can take a quick look, maybe type a response, put it right back, I am back in Safari. Do that again. From the top, I can pull down and bring in other applications. So let's bring in Calendar. Of course, fully interactive so I can tap into another day. Let's bring in another app. I am going to bring in the new Notes app. Just like that. Now, sometimes, of course, I want to stay working in Notes and Safari both at the same time, so I can just tap here on the divider, and now I am in split view. They are both completely active. In fact, for the first time ever, multiapp, Multi-Touch, I can move them both at the same time. Now, Notes is actually pinned to the side now, so I want to show you what happens when I switch apps. I am just going to move over here to Photos. You notice now I have Photos with Notes on the side. This is really great if I am taking notes while working across a bunch of experiences. And of course those four-finger gestures continue to work great, so I can swipe my way right back into Safari. I can follow links, of course, from my notes. Let me tap on this link, and you see Safari loads it right here on the side. I can adjust the split. Let me move that over to a nice 50/50 view with Notes and Safari. I can tap on links to other apps, so let's follow a link into Maps. Maps -- I really want location accuracy. Thank you, very helpful. Slides right in and shows me the location. I can follow another link, Maps adjusts, I am able to stay focused right here in these two apps side by side. Let's say I now want to work Notes full screen. I can pull right across like that and I am in full-screen Notes. This gives me a great opportunity to show you what's new with the QuickType keyboard. I have a to-do list I am building here. I am going to add an item here to buy a new ice chest. There we go. On second thought, I should probably borrow one. I am going to take two fingers down on the keyboard, swipe over here. I can reposition the cursor like this. Tap and make a selection. Extend the selection. And type "borrow." It's really easy. I can make bigger moves too. I can go to the top here, maybe select the whole sentence, drag down, maybe do a checklist like this, and check them off. Just like that. Super cool. Next I want to show you multitasking in the context of something I think we all do quite a bit on our iPads, which is not that -- which is watching ESPN. So let's bring up a video. I am going to play right here. Now, often when I am watching a video, I may decide I want to look something up or check something or maybe even get a notification, and I want you to watch what happens when I tap. Watch the video. Now I have Picture in Picture. So I can still listen, I can watch my video, I can, of course, resize the PIP if I want, like this. I can move it around the screen so it's out of the way of what I am working on. I can even move it off the side. Sometimes I just want to listen for a while while I work. Of course, it stays with me wherever I go. I can pull it back, and when I am done, just tap to put it away. And that is Multitasking in iOS 9. So iOS 9 delivers this great app switcher, and of course, that's available on iPhone as well. On iPad, we have Slide Over so you can bring apps in from the side. You can tap and enter split view for simultaneous live two apps up. And of course, Picture in Picture. Now, we provide developer APIs to let your apps work this way, and the good news is that you've already done most of that work because if you've adopted Auto Layout and size classes to work great on the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus, well, that carries over just like this onto iPad. Twitter came in and was able to do it just in minutes. It was really incredible. Now, Slide Over is available for the iPad Air, Air 2, mini 2, and mini 3, as is Picture in Picture, and our most powerful split view is available on our most powerful iPad, the iPad Air 2. That's Multitasking. So we've seen some great end-user features, but of course, we've also focused on the foundations. In performance, as you saw earlier in El Capitan with OS X, we've taken the core frameworks that we use for drawing on the system, Core Animation and Core Graphics, and we put them on top of Metal. We are seeing great acceleration, 1.6 times improvements in animations and scrolling, and a 50 percent reduction in CPU usage for drawing. It's really great. With battery life, we focused on real-world use cases and optimized them. And we are seeing an addition of one hour of typical use on a full charge on iPhone. Now, we know that for a lot of you if you are running low on power, you start searching all over for switches and turning off features in the hope of extending your battery life a little bit further. Well, now in iOS 9, we give you a single switch to enter what we call Low Power mode, and it pulls levers that you didn't even know existed and is able to extend battery life for an additional three hours of typical use on top of that additional hour. It's really great. Now, with security, we want to protect our users' data on device and in the cloud, and so we are bringing two-factor authentication and making it easy for everyone to protect their data in iCloud. And with Software Update, we want everyone to get to iOS 9, and so we've done major enhancements to the architecture for our over-the-air updates, and we have been able to reduce the amount of free space you need to get to iOS 9 from the 4.6 gigs that it took to get to iOS 8 down to just 1.3, so we think everybody is going to be getting to iOS 9. So iOS 9, intelligence throughout the system, Apple Pay, enhancements to really popular apps like Notes and Maps, an all-new News app, and incredible features now for iPad with Multitasking and QuickType, and of course, enhancements to the foundations. Now, iOS 9 is a great release for our users, but once again, it's a fantastic release for all of you developers, bringing a ton of new features. You saw search extensibility. We are adding UI testing to Xcode. [Cheers and applause] Yes! We have a new technology called App Thinning, which optimizes your downloads to exactly the subset of resources needed for that user's device, so you are able to get -- take less space on device. It's really great. Now, when it comes to gaming, we've enhanced SpriteKit, SceneKit, and Metal and introduced three new frameworks, GameplayKit to bring artificial intelligence with path avoid obstacle avoidance and path finding; Model I/O to provide beautiful lighting on your 3D models; and ReplayKit. It lets you enhance your applications to let users record their game play as video and share it. It's really great. Now, HealthKit has been on fire, so we've continued -- well, we added water, actually, to HealthKit. We are not trying to put out the fire. We are adding lots of additional health metrics to be tracked, for instance, hydration, UV exposure, and reproductive health. Now, HomeKit has been taking off with manufacturers introducing HomeKit peripherals to the market now in areas like thermometers, locks, and lights. And now in iOS 9, we are adding support for window shades, sensors of all kinds. For instance, carbon monoxide sensors, motion sensors. And we're adding support for security systems as well. Perhaps most importantly, we are allowing you to access your home remotely and securely via iCloud. So no matter where you are, you can control all of your HomeKit devices. Next, CarPlay. So CarPlay supports audio apps and now, in iOS 9, it also supports apps by the automaker to control things in your own car without leaving the CarPlay experience. And CarPlay is supporting more kinds of screens, wider aspect ratios, high DPI. But most significantly with CarPlay, we are pulling the cord. In future cars, you will be able to get in your car without taking your phone out of your bag or out of your pocket and start experiencing CarPlay effortlessly. It's going to be really great. Finally, let's talk about Swift. [Cheers and applause] You all know that the growth that Swift has been experiencing is just unprecedented, and we've all seen it with the flood of applications coming in to the App Store. Well, now we are stepping on the gas this year with Swift 2. Now, Swift was designed from the beginning to be fast, and we've continued to roll out targeted optimizations all year long, and now with Swift 2, we have an all-new optimization technology that's especially great for complex applications and object-oriented programming that we call Whole Module Optimization, and the results are really fantastic. In addition, we are bringing the language features that you've asked for most, an elegant new error handling model, the ability to see your interfaces as synthesized headers in Xcode, and the feature that Tim has been begging for all year, protocol extensions. You are all going to love it. Now, we think Swift is the next big programming language, the one that we will all be doing application and systems programming on for 20 years to come. And we think Swift should be everywhere and used by everyone, and so we're going to be doing something really big. Today we are announcing that Swift will be open source. [Cheers and applause] We will be rolling out the compiler and the standard libraries for iOS, OS X, and Linux. And it will all be out there by the end of the year. So that's Swift, and that is iOS 9. We are doing a developer beta -- you guessed it -- today, and for the first time for a major iOS release, a public beta, so sign up now at beta.apple.com, and you can get the beta when it comes out in July. And of course, we will be rolling it out as a free upgrade in the fall. And iOS 9 will support all of the devices that were supported by iOS 8. We are not dropping any this year because we want everyone to get iOS 9. That's iOS 9. I really appreciate your time. Have a fantastic conference. Thank you. [Cheers and applause] TIM COOK: Thanks, Craig. iOS just keeps getting better and better for our many hundreds of millions of users, and iOS 9 takes it to an even greater level with incredible new apps and intelligence built right into iOS. And as an avid iPad user, I am also incredibly excited about how far it extends the iPad experience as we continue to lead in the post-PC era. With El Capitan, we've created a new version of OS X that dramatically improves the experience and the user experience and the performance of the Macintosh. And of course, Swift. You've just heard Swift provides a single language for you to create apps for both OS X and iOS. There's really so many possibilities for you to use these platforms and these tools to create unbelievable apps that will impact business and healthcare and education and really everything in our lives. There's seemingly no limit to what you can do. And of course, underpinning this, the App Store is very key. It's hard to believe that the App Store was launched only seven years ago. It's hard to remember a day without it. Now, I'm happy to announce that the App Store recently passed a major milestone. The App Store has passed 100 billion apps downloads. The rate of growth and the momentum is absolutely staggering. The industry has never seen anything like this before. The App Store has forever changed software and software distribution. And it's also been an economic boon. We've now paid over $30 billion to developers. The App Store continues to be the most profitable app marketplace on the planet. Now, we could not be more proud of the work that you are doing. More and more, developers are transforming, empowering, and reimagining the very important things that we do in our daily lives. We've made a video about your incredible impact and just how far you've come in such a short period of time, and I'd love to run it for you now. Eight years ago, when the iPhone was launched, it didn't have an App Store. And there was tremendous desire on the part of developers and customers for Apple to let third-party applications be created. We all had this dream that apps were going to become really important, but it took some time to realize how they would affect everything that we care about, and as that cumulative effect appeared, then we all start to realize, oh, my goodness, this is bigger than any of us imagined. Apps plus handheld devices, I think that's a watershed moment in civilization. I put it up there with the invention of the microscope and the telescope. We live in a time where the most powerful tools ever imagined to investigate and probe our world are in the hand of essentially everyone. If you think the Industrial Revolution was transformational, the App Store is way bigger. I don't think we've seen anything reach a mass adoption at anything close to this pace. It took, for example, electricity over a hundred years to get to its first 50 million users. It took television 13 years, and the App Store got to 50 million users in only 17 months. The thing the App Store did was give each and every developer a voice. It's a testament that two guys in a room working on an idea can launch an app and instantly have hundreds of millions of people very quickly. The iPhone made photography universally accessible. I cannot think of a single industry that doesn't need an app. People want data at their fingertips. They want personalized experiences. They want power over their money. And it's not just for banking; it's for every industry. The App Store has fundamentally shifted how we all need to deliver. It's leveling the playing field. We don't have to own things. We don't have to own our own cars. We don't have to own our own music. We can call it up when we need it. That's a big change, all flowing from the idea of not just convenience but people building up an infrastructure around that. We are now talking not about hundreds of people getting the benefits of an idea, but millions. If you had told me when I was a kid that you would be able to write an idea and then film that idea and then distribute it to the world on a device that you could also put in your pocket, I would never have stopped laughing, and I would have thought you were insane. The App Store gives everyone access to incredibly powerful tools, and there's an incredible generation of filmmakers and storytellers to come. Kids love technology, and they love interacting with the iPad and with apps. That wonder and awe that gets ignited is actually being utilized to help that person learn. Certainly in education there's so much potential to take the classroom with you anywhere. We all know we are in this magic moment. There are so many incredible apps, and they do things for people that change their lives. Music for me, it's like everything. It's really special. This amazing feeling that music gives me, I want everyone to have that, even if the person cannot hear. So the idea of the app is to introduce music for deaf people. I am going to put these on your wrist, so if you play, you can feel the vibrations. I can feel it. Did you feel that, Rob? My dream is to bring music to everyone. It is an amazing time to be a developer. We are still just at the beginning of all this, this moment where the technology of an iPhone and an iPad and the Watch enable so many incredible things. There's so much that can still change and evolve due to the power of applications. [Music] TIM COOK: On behalf of everyone at Apple, we want to thank the developer community for everything that you've done. Thank you. You have changed so many parts of all of our lives and transformed the world in the process. Now, we want to talk about now the next opportunity to transform the world. And that's the opportunity to bring native apps to the Watch with a new version of watchOS. For us, this is a giant moment. This is how we felt when we launched the App Store. Opening a new platform to developers to create new applications that can really change people's lives. We really believe deeply in this space. We believe in technology designed for the wrist. And we believe by opening up the platform that you will create new and powerful uses that today we can only begin to imagine. We began making the Apple Watch available just six weeks ago, and it's pretty amazing that today we're already talking about the next version of the watchOS. This new version will have great new capabilities, and it will bring native apps right to your wrist. To tell you all about it, I'd like to invite up my friend and colleague Kevin Lynch. Kevin. [Cheers and applause] KEVIN LYNCH: Hi. So we're moving really fast on watchOS, and I am super excited to talk with you about the enhancements that are coming in watchOS, as well as the powerful new abilities for app development. Let's start with the enhancements. The enhancements include great new Timepiece functions, improvements in communication as well as in Health & Fitness, and support for the new capabilities in Apple Pay, Maps, and Siri. Let's start with Timepiece. Now, already, Apple Watch is a really great timepiece, the most customizable one in the world, and a lot of that is due to the Watch faces and how you can change them. We are adding some new Watch faces in watchOS 2. That includes a beautiful new Photos face to be able to select any photo you have and create a Watch face out of it. You can create more than one and switch between them as you like. Or you can select a photo album, and every time you raise your wrist, you will see a different photo from your album show up. It's a great way of seeing your photos throughout the day. We went a little further with this, and we shot some photos ourselves. We did some time-lapse photography in some beautiful locations around the world. The way this works is when you raise your wrist, you will see this 24-hour shoot we have done in different locations, and it will be the current time there. If it's in noon, you will see noon in London. If it's night, you'll see Big Ben all lit up. We've done this not only for London, but some other locations too. You can choose from Hong Kong, Mack Lake -- which a beautiful place in the Sierras -- as well as New York, Shanghai, and London. It's a great way to see really beautiful imagery, both your own and these time-lapse images, on your wrist. You can customize your Watch with these images but you can also choose to show the information that you like on your Watch face with something in traditional Watch terms that's called Complications. With watchOS 2, we are really excited to enable app developers to make your own Complications. So be able to do things like show your flight time from United, see the state of your home control system, look at the charge level of your electric car, or see sports scores, for example, from the MLB app. You can choose the information that you most like to see right on your Watch face. It's going to be really, really cool. And this will work not only on the modular face but across the others that support Complications as well. You will be able to choose from a variety of templates, and we'll make those look beautiful in each of the different Watch faces. So it's going to be a really fast way to look at this information. Now, we went further than this. We thought it's really great to be able to see the current information, but what about future information, like the weather later today or your meeting after the current one? And what if you could go forward in time and actually see that information update on your Watch face? Well, we are supporting that in watchOS 2 with something we call Time Travel. And you will be able to rotate your Digital Crown, and you can go both forward and backward through time, and the information will update right on your screen. Let's take a look here. So I've got my meeting in the middle there and weather and the charge level of the car and time in London. When I rotate the Crown, you can see it's changing the time and showing me things that are coming up. Now, we know a really popular one here might be the stocks Complication, but we haven't cracked that one yet. We are working on it. You can keep rotating, keep going forward, get all the way to tonight. You can see I have a date night tonight, weather is going to be good, time in London will be 2:00 a.m. You can see all the information you like to see in the time you want to look at it. Really, really fun way to interact with time on your Watch. That's Time Travel. Now, we also thought, What would be a great experience for the Watch when it's on your nightstand and charging? Well, we've come up with a new user interface for this in watchOS 2 called Nightstand Mode. When you put your Watch on its side and it's charging, you will get this beautiful display now of the time, and of course, you can set an alarm that will wake you up in the morning, and it will go something like this. [Alarm tone] So a beautiful little bedside alarm clock now with Apple Watch, and the buttons on the side and the Crown act as your Snooze and your Off button. A really fun way to have a Nightstand view on your Watch. Those are some of the great new Timepiece functions that are coming in watchOS 2. Let's look at communication. Now, already Apple Watch is great at communicating with your friends. You can just press the side button and see your 12 friends that you have selected. Now, we realize that some of you have more than 12 friends, so now in watchOS 2, you can have different sets of friends you can select, and you can add a friend right from your Watch by pressing the plus sign and add a friend right there. Isn't that cool? Now, when you are communicating with someone, you can make a phone call or send a message or send a drawing with Digital Touch, and now in watchOS 2, you will be able to use multiple colors in your drawings, so you can draw a beautiful flower that has more than just one color. Even my drawings are starting to look better now with this. Also an email. You can already read email on your Watch. With watchOS 2, you will be able to reply to email. And with the phone, you can already take phone calls on your Watch. We are now going to support FaceTime Audio, so you will get really high-fidelity calls right on your wrist. And with Health & Fitness, already Apple Watch is a great partner for Health & Fitness. With watchOS 2, we are enabling your favorite fitness apps to run natively on the Watch so you can use them wherever you are, and your workouts with these apps will contribute directly to your all-day activity, which will be really great, so if you go on a bike ride, it will count. We are also enabling Siri to start workouts, so you can just raise your wrist and say, hey, Siri, start a 30-minute run in the park, and it will start the Workout app and get it going for you. You can also say things like "go for a 300-calorie bike ride" or "go for a 5-mile run, " and it will start the workout for you without having to touch the watch at all. When you achieve something, there are some beautiful new achievements you will see that look like this. They spin right in, they're beautiful, you can play with them in 3D on the Watch, they are engraved on the back now with your name, and you can share these with people over Messages, Facebook, or Twitter. Really cool Health & Fitness. With Apple Pay, you saw some of the great new support we are bringing for store cards and rewards cards. We are supporting that in the Watch, so you can select a store card and use it right in your Watch in a merchant terminal just by waving it at the store stand there. And with Wallet coming to Watch, all of your rewards cards will be right there, and you can also use those right from your Watch as you are doing purchases. With Transit, we are supporting, of course, the mass transit capabilities in Maps now, so you will be able to see the transit lines on your wrist. You can actually see the departure times for different stations you are near. When you are navigating, you will get step-by-step directions about getting through the different mass transit you use. With Siri, we are continuing to add new domains for Siri. In watchOS 2, we are enabling Siri to get you mass transit directions, like bus directions to the Ferry Building, which will look like this and you can just start navigating. Or you can control things in your home with Siri, you can say things like "hey Siri set the dinner scene," and it will talk to any HomeKit-enabled devices in your house and set the lights just how you want them. Isn't that cool? It's going to be great. Another great thing is you can actually ask for any of the Glances you have, so you can say "hey, Siri, show me the Instagram Glance," and it will show up right on your Watch face. This could be a glance you don't have currently selected. It's a great way to show information from third-party apps right there in Siri. So those are just some of the highlights of what's coming in watchOS 2. We think it's going to be a really, really great update to the Watch. Now, that's not all. We also, of course, focused on what we can do for developers, and already, out of the gate on day one, you can build apps for Apple Watch using something called WatchKit, and that has enabled many thousands of apps now to be created for Apple Watch, and these apps today function by relying on your phone. So you might have, for example, an app on your Watch and the user interface runs on your phone and the user interface is on your Watch, but all the logic for your app today runs on your phone. With native apps, you will be able to move that logic to the watch so both the UI and the logic are there, it will all run locally, performance will be great, responsiveness will be great, it's going to be a great new frontier for apps on Apple Watch with native app support. When you are actually wandering away from your phone sometimes, your apps will be able to communicate directly with the network with known Wi-Fi networks, so you can get the information you want wherever you are with your Watch. So we heard from you as we were working on native apps, a lot of feature requests of things you would like to do on the Watch. These are a bunch of the things that we've heard. So we've been listening to that. Let's go through some of the things that will be possible now in watchOS 2. You can see how we did on this. So one of the things we heard was really wanted to access the microphone on the Watch. So yes, in watchOS 2, you can access the microphone right on the Watch and bring that audio right into your app. We also heard you want to play audio out of the speaker. You can do that. WatchOS 2 with native apps, you can play back through the Watch speaker or you can play audio to a Bluetooth headset or speaker connected, both short-form and long-form audio. Video. We know you wanted to play video. You can play back short-form video right on the Watch face. It looks beautiful on the Watch display. Access to HealthKit. We definitely heard that. You now will have access, native HealthKit on the watch, including streaming heart rate data, so if you are doing, for example, a bike ride with Strava, you can see what heart rate zone you are in while you are biking. HomeKit is natively on the Watch so you will be able to talk to your HomeKit devices from your Watch and control them. We think this is going to be a great future for control right from your wrist. You will be able to access the Accelerometer so you can get movement data. So for example, from the iPING golf app here, you can check out your golf swing tempo as you are swinging the golf club with your Watch on. Taptic Engine is one of the things we've really done a lot of focused work on to make it a great experience on the wrist. We are bringing access to the Taptic Engine for you for your app development. You will be able to choose from a range of different feelings as well as audio that will come out the speaker. So for example, if I am unlocking my car here, I will get feedback on my wrist, both audio and felt. Just like that. Another great interaction on the Watch is using the Digital Crown to manipulate the UI, and we are enabling access to Digital Crown as well with watchOS 2. You will be able to control custom UI element like changing the temperature here just by rotating the Crown like this. Super easy way to interact with your Watch. So we've done a great job bringing a lot of access to the Watch now with native apps. I would like to show you a demo now with some examples. So I've got a Watch here, and I am going to put it on. It's connected to the display here through this little cable. All right. Let's start by looking at three examples of new features in watchOS 2, then I will show you three apps. Let's start with making a photo face, so I will press my Digital Crown here, go to the Home screen. There's my Photos. You can see I've got a bunch of photos on here. I can zoom in with the Crown, pan around, and I can pick a photo that might make a nice Watch face like that one. I want to zoom in and crop it a little more. I am going to zoom in a little more, move it over like that to get it just right. I think that's going to make a great Watch face, so I just Force Touch, choose Create Watch Face, and there you go, a beautiful new Watch face. Let's look at Time Travel. I will go over to my modular face, got some more information here. I have flight times here on United. I can see the temperature, my VW car's charge level, and time in London. So I just rotate the Crown here, I can go forward in time. Time is updating. My flight is leaving, you can see, at 1:45. I wonder if my charge level will be enough to get to the airport. So if I keep going forward in time here, we will get to 1:45, and you can see my charge level is just going to be great to get to the airport. In fact, you can keep going and look at boarding time and arrival time for your flight. So you can get a great preview of your day just by rotating the Crown right on the Watch face. It's a lot of fun. Just press the Crown and go back to Home. If you get an email, you can reply to email now in watchOS 2. Here is an email that's just come in from Marc. I can reply to this by pressing the button right below the message, or you can use Siri to reply to a message right from a notification. If I just use Siri here, I can reply like this. Reply: I would love to. So Siri is making the message there. It's created a response. I just press Send, and it now goes off to Marc. So just by pressing the Crown, you can use Siri to send a message right from your wrist. Now, let's look at a few third-party apps. Let's look at the VW app you saw on slides a second ago. I will show you how that works. Here it is. Now, I can lock my car just by pressing this control right here. It responds right away. You can see the app also opened very quickly. And I can control the temperature here that we were looking at before by just rotating the Crown. You can see how responsive it is as I go up and down through temperatures here. Really, really cool. I will get it nice and warm for me so when I get down there, it will be nice and toasty. Okay. Turn it on. All right. I've got confirmation that it actually enabled that on my car now. Access to the mic is going to be really helpful in apps, and some of the apps that will really benefit are communication apps like We Chat. A lot of messages sent via WeChat are audio messages, so let's see how that will work with watchOS 2. I have a message from Becky. I can reply by pressing the Reply button, and you can see I've got a microphone now so I can do an audio response. Let's do that. That sounds great. You can see as I was recording it, it got the audio levels of my voice and now it sent that to Becky. I can also reply with stickers here. There's different categories of them. With the Digital Crown now being able to connect to the UI, I can flip through recent stickers, pick one quickly that I like, and just send that one as well. So very fast to interact now with all these new controls you have available in watchOS 2. Now, let's look at the Vine glance. Vine is a great example of playing back video on the Watch, and its format is really perfect for the Watch face. Here is a recent one on Vine. So that's video playing back right on the Watch face. So those are just some examples of what you can do now with watchOS 2, and I am super excited to see what all you guys do with all this stuff. So some great new enhancements coming, as well as some super powerful app development tools for you. And we've been working really hard on this, and I am really happy to say that this stuff is all available to you today to start building these native apps. Just six weeks from our launch, it's unbelievable. Then it will be available in the fall to everyone, and we will work across all the watches, of course, and it will be free. So this has been a great adventure. We are just getting started here, and I am really looking forward to the journey ahead with all of you on Apple Watch. Thank you very much. Back to Tim. Thank you, Tim. TIM COOK: Thanks, Kevin. We're really excited to have Apple Watch out in the world, and we can't wait to see what you do with watchOS. And we couldn't be more excited about how developers and users will use the powerful ecosystems of both products and platforms, three amazing platforms. The opportunities really are limitless. Now, before we close this morning, we do have ... one more thing. [Cheers and applause] I'd like to tell you about something that we've been working really hard on and something we are super excited about. You know, we love music, and music is such an important part of our lives and our culture. We've had a long relationship with music at Apple, and music has had a very rich history of change, some of which we've played a part in. We've made a great video about the history of music, and I would like to play it for you this morning. [Music] [Cheers and applause] TIM COOK: Today we're announcing Apple Music, the next chapter in music, and I know you are going to love it. It will change the way that you experience music forever. To tell you more about it, I'd like to bring up someone who knows more about music and the music experience than anyone I know. He's worked with amazing artists from Bruce Springsteen to John Lennon and countless others. We are thrilled to have him a part of the Apple team. Please join me in welcoming Jimmy Iovine. Jimmy. [Cheers and applause] JIMMY IOVINE: Thanks, Tim. Well, it's really an honor to be here. I'm here because in 2003, the record industry was a ball of confusion. We had Napster, we had LimeWire, we had BitTorrent. This giant invader from the north, technology. I'm looking at my guys saying, well, what do we do with this? So I go up to Apple, and I see Steve Jobs and Eddy Cue, and they showed me something brilliant and groundbreaking, a simple, elegant way to buy music online, iTunes. I'm like, wow, the ads are real. These guys really do think different. [Laughter] So they could help move culture the same way that art moves culture. Technology and art can work together, at least at Apple. So now 2015, music industry is a fragmented mess. If you want to stream music, you can go over here. If you want to stream some video, you can check some of these places out. If you want to follow some artist, there's more confusion for that. So I reached out to Tim Cook and Eddy Cue, and I said guys, can we build a bigger and better ecosystem with the elegance and simplicity that only Apple can do? One complete thought around music. And from that, I'm standing here today so proud of everyone that's worked so hard, and I am going to introduce you to Apple Music. Music has such power in our lives. The way we listen to and experience music is undergoing a profound change these days. To have access to nearly all the music in the world at our fingertips and in our pockets is remarkable. And yet there needs to be a place where music can be treated less like digital bits and more like the art it is, with a sense of respect and discovery. And if that place could actually accommodate and support the artists who make the music, not just the top-tier artists, but the kids in their bedrooms too, provide them all with a home and a way to engage with their audiences, that would be pretty great. And that's what we set out to do with Apple Music. [Music] On Apple Music, all the ways you love music can now live together. Stream from the millions of songs on iTunes any time and on demand, along with hand-picked playlists, recommendations, and all that's great and breaking in music right now. And broadcasting every day is Apple's first 24/7 worldwide radio station, live in over 100 countries, Beats 1 is anchored by Zane Lowe in LA. Ero Dodden in New York. New York City worldwide, this is Beats 1. And me, Julie out of London. We cannot wait to play you guys music we've got lined up. And at the heart of Apple Music, there's Connect, where artists can share with fans like never before. Songs, remixes, demos, mix tapes, photos, videos, lyrics, soundbites. Really, any way an artist chooses to express themselves. TRENT REZNOR: For fans, we tried to create a complete experience, by combining the catalog of the world's music with the music that's not in that catalog yet, direct from the artist to you in a shared experience with Beats 1. For the artists, we've built an ecosystem we hope can start to provide the tools to grow, nurture, and sustain careers. One place, one complete thought around music. [Music] [Cheers and applause] JIMMY IOVINE: Thank you. That's Apple Music and the great Trent Reznor. It's all the ways you love music all in one place. And that place is almost in a billion hands around the world already. One app, one single app on your iPhone. Apple Music is three things. It's a revolutionary music service. Oh. A revolutionary music service curated by the leading music experts who we helped hand-pick. These people are going to help you with the most difficult question in music. When you are listening to a playlist, what song comes next? The only song that's as important as the one you are listening to at that moment is the one that follows it. Now, picture this. You are in a special moment. You're exercising or some other special moment. [Laughter] Right, Dre? He exercises a lot. And your heart's pumping. And you are about to turn up the reps. And the next song comes on, ehhh! Buzz kill. You may ask why that happened. It happened because it was probably programmed by an algorithm alone. Algorithms alone can't do that emotional task. You need a human touch, and that's why at Apple Music, we want to give you the right song, the right playlist, at the right moment, all on demand. Now, the first-ever live 24-hour worldwide radio station, so Trent Reznor calls me up and says I got it. This is what we're going to do. Let's build the first-ever worldwide live radio station broadcast from three cities that plays music not based on research, not based on genre, not based on drum beats, only music that is great and feels great. A station that has only one master, music itself. So I said why do artists always have the greatest ideas that are practically impossible to execute? So I said, well, wait a second. That's why we are at Apple. We are at Apple to help artists' dreams be realized. So we built the station, and it's a music lover's dream. If you love great music without any restrictions, you are going to love Apple Music's Beats 1. Finally, Connect, a fantastic way for established and new and even unsigned artists to connect directly with music lovers anywhere. This is going to be very powerful for musicians. Can you imagine being an up-and-coming artist and being able to share your music on the biggest music platform on the world that people already have, Apple Music? Remember, this is an ecosystem. It's built to fit together. It feeds off each other. When you upload your music to Apple Music, anything can happen. So now let me leave the real heavy lifting to my great friend, Eddy Cue, and tell you how this all works together. [Cheers and applause] EDDY CUE: Thank you, Jimmy. It's great to be here this morning with you. So Apple Music, it's a revolutionary music service, and it starts with My Music. We've added some great new features from iTunes like the Up Next queue, and also your recently added albums and songs right across the top. And all of the music you've purchased, along with the playlists you've created on your Mac or your iPhone, are right here. Now, of course, you can search your music library, but now you can search and stream the millions and millions of songs that we have on iTunes. Now, in addition to My Music, when you can stream and listen to any song you want, you need a great place to start, and that's why we've created For You. For You recommends playlists and albums that we think you are going to love. They are personalized to your taste based on the music you listen to, the artists you love. And it isn't just algorithms. It's recommendations made by real people who love music, and they are our team of experts. Now, let's take a look at New. Here you will discover new artists and albums every week, along with the top charts, and every one of our playlists, all human-curated, available by genre or by activity. So when you think of Apple Music, it's My Music, For You and New. It makes it fun and easy to experience the catalog of the world's music. And that is the revolutionary music service. Now let's talk about Radio. The truth is Internet radio isn't really radio. It's just a playlist of songs. And so we wanted to do something really big. We wanted to create a worldwide live radio station broadcasting around the globe, and we've done that with Beats 1. It's the world's best radio station now meets the world's best voice, and that's why we've hired Zane Lowe. Zane is a masterful interviewer and an influential music figure in his own right, and to tell you more about it, here is Zane. ZANE LOWE: I am a music fan. I play records. What I love is watching a group of people react to a great record for the first time. When I play that record on the radio, the audience tell me, the time lines light up, my friends tell me, my phone lights up. They love it or they hate it. But it creates a debate. That's what good music on the radio does. When Apple first asked me to be involved in this, they told us to put the great music in front of the average, the unexpected, the undiscovered, the anticipated, the underrated. Their words: Move the needle. And that's what we are doing. We have real music fans running this place. We have great music DJs and incredible artists who are in the studio right now building real radio shows that are going to blow your mind. And the only place that can pull off an imaginative idea as big as this -- Apple. We are called Beats 1. We are always on, playing the music that we love. EDDY CUE: So Beats 1. It is worldwide, it is live, it is broadcasting 24 by 7, and it is coming from New York, LA, and London, and that is Radio. Next, we wanted to find a way to bring fans closer to the artists they love, and we call it Connect. It's a place where artists are free to upload their music, their videos, their photos, all directly to a fan. Let's take Pharrell, a favorite musician and songwriter of mine. He is prolific, and he does a lot. Let me show you how it works with Connect. He takes a lot of photos. He writes a lot of lyrics. He's experimenting and mixing songs all the time. Or he just has something new and interesting to say. All of this lives right in Connect. Artists can post and publish and upload anything, including directly to Facebook, Twitter, and their own website, and fans can like and comment on those posts. And it's not just for one artist, but it's for all of the artists that you love. And to give you a little sense of what it's like to be an artist on Connect, I'd like to invite up a friend, Drake. [Cheers and applause] DRAKE: Thank you. I want to say, honestly, what an honor it is to be in this room with so many individuals that have changed the way in which the world relates to technology, so give yourselves a round of applause, please. For example, I bought this vintage Apple employee's jacket using a tool known in the rap world as the Internet. It's going to be huge this year. It's out of this world. He is excited, he knows about it, that guy right there. [Laughter] Honestly, in all seriousness, I came here today to share my story, about the way technology changed what I do for a living. I am from Toronto, Canada. [Cheers and applause] [Laughter] You know, as a kid growing up, I always wondered if my city or even my country would have somebody break into the global music scene as a true superstar. You know, the dream seemed unattainable at the time. Even myself, I tried to do it the traditional way, the towering New York label buildings, the lobby littered with other people's accomplishments. It's improbable to think that every talented artist is going to get a shot to have their vision validated. And then that's when the game changed. And we had to change it. Myself and my team brought our vision and our music directly to the people. And that was kind of the first time that we really got noticed. The dream of being a new artist like myself five years ago and connecting directly with an audience has never been more close and reachable than right now. See, now we encourage you to spend the time on your body of work, spend the time on your craft, assemble the right body of work, and instead of having to post your stuff on all these different and sometimes confusing places, it all lives in one very simple, very easy place, and that is Connect. It's right from where you are in your city in front of your computer. And this approach is how we broke in 2008, and it has been perfected and simplified, of course, by the great people at Apple. So you know, as I'm working tirelessly on this next album, this comes at the perfect time for me. Given the great success of my last mix tape that went directly to iTunes, this really -- I can't wait to incorporate Apple Music and especially Connect into what I am doing next. I am really excited about what I am working on. And as an artist, I can say for all those kids sitting at home, it's truly amazing to be part of something that I believe in, and this is something that simplifies everything for the modern musician like myself and the modern music consumer like you. So I hope you enjoy Apple Music. I hope you enjoy Connect. My name is Drake, and thank you for your time. Appreciate it. [Cheers and applause] EDDY CUE: Thank you, Drake. And that is Connect. Now, I'd love to give you a demo of Apple Music, but before I start, I do want to wish Phil Schiller a happy birthday. [Cheers and applause] So let's go ahead and launch our new Music app. You will notice right away it's got a brand-new UI, much simpler to use. Your recently added albums and songs right across the top. Let's play this new song from Spoon I added. [Music] One of the things you will notice, we have a new mini player across the bottom that always shows you what's playing. If I tap on it, I get full screen, and I can see the beautiful artwork, all the playback controls. I can just swipe down, and it disappears. Now, I like looking at my music by artist. It's really easy to do that too. I will just tap on Albums, switch to Artists, and let's take a look at Aretha Franklin. The first thing you will notice is we add beautiful artwork to all the artist pages. Notice as I swipe up, it goes away, and you see Aretha at the top. No demo goes complete without playing this song. [Music] Now, you not only get all of your Aretha Franklin songs in your music library, but you can also tap on All, and now you can see all of the songs on Apple Music, including the latest release, what the top song is, what the top album is. Now, it is hard to stop this song, but I want to keep going. Now let's go back to my library, and let's take a look at my playlists. Now, despite the game last night, I am getting ready for tomorrow night, and I have already started creating my playlist. One of the first things you will notice is you can add your own artwork to your playlist. I am going to be doing this tonight, getting the Warriors ready, but let's go back. It is karaoke night, and these are some of the songs that our team has to look forward to tonight. Let's go ahead and play that. [Music] Just imagine. [Music] Now, if I tap on the mini player, I can see the full screen. If I tap on the right-hand side next to the playback controls, I can see the complete playlist, and it's very easy for me to reorganize it. Let's say I want to move Jealous back up, and now that will be the next song that plays. It's that simple. Now, that's great. The first time we go to For You, we want to find out a little bit about your musical tastes, so we are going to ask you what genres you like. I am a big fan of rock, pop, hip-hop, and alternative. And now it will ask me for some artists that I like. Well, I love Bruce Springsteen, so I am going to tap twice. I like Lorde, like Alabama Shakes. Now we are going to take all of this information you've provided, along with all of your playlists and the songs that you've purchased on iTunes, and we are going to make recommendations just for you. So here is one inspired by Bruce Springsteen. Here's one called Bring the Big Rock. Let's play that. [Music] That's a great Foo Fighters song. I can just tap and see the rest of the songs. Definitely going to like this playlist. Now, here's another one from Pharrell. I also get new albums that are available to me, and even some classic albums that I should be listening to. And so here are some brand-new albums from the artists that I really love. Now, here is an interesting one, a Cuban playlist. You might be wondering how did that get in there? Well, I like a lot of Latin music, so Apple Music knows that and is recommending this playlist to me. Let's take a look at it. [Music] Definitely gets my Cuban blood going. [Music] Now, this is a playlist I definitely want to keep, so I am going to tap on the plus sign, and I've added that now to my playlist. Now, let's take a look at what's new. You can see new albums across the top. More here, and even the hot singles that are out. Let's play this one from Florence and the Machine. [Music] I can keep scrolling and see some recent releases. But of course, everyone loves the charts, so let's go ahead and take a look at the charts, see the top songs. The top albums. And even the top music videos. We have tens of thousands of music videos in HD, all ad-free. Let's take a look at this one from Mark Ronson. [Music] I've got to work on some of those moves for next year. [Laughter] Now, sometimes you just want to sit back and let someone else be your DJ, so let's go to Radio. And to give you a little taste of what Beats 1 is going to sound like ... Beats 1. Welcome our special guest, Florence from Florence and the Machine. On paper, it sounds like super, not how you think a rock and roll album would be made. Was that you in your sweatpants? That was me in an anorak cycling to the studio. We are looking for the most exciting music and people that love it in all corners of the globe, broadcasting to 100 countries. That shared experience just got so much bigger. LA. New York City. London. EDDY CUE: That's really awesome. Let's take a look at Connect and see what my favorite artists are up to. Here's Pharrell and some behind-the-scenes footage. Here is Chris Cornell. This is an interesting one. He has posted lyrics of a new song that's coming out before, obviously, he's even recorded it. Here's Bastille. They are working on their next album. Let's see what they have to say. Mark is just through here, and we are working on a song called Blame, which some of you might have heard at festivals or gigs before, but we're really excited to have finally recorded it. It's a song about gangsters. And yeah, this is the riff, which we already have sounding great. [Music] EDDY CUE: It's great to be able to get behind the scenes and see what the process that an artist uses to create a song. As we keep going down, here's a shot from Alabama Shakes a couple nights ago. And here is a studio session, actually, at Capital Studio A. Those of you who know, Capitol Studio is one of the premier studios, historical, and Alabama Shakes was just there a couple nights ago. [Music] EDDY CUE: Again, be able to see things you've never been able to hear or see. Loren Kramar, you probably have never heard of him. He is an unsigned artist, I just started following him. He has posted a new song right up on Connect, and I would love to play it now. First time anyone's heard it. [Music] Just imagine you are a new artist, and look at all the people who have been able to hear this song right now thanks to Connect. [Music] So Loren Kramar. Remember that name. We think he is going to be really, really huge. Now, of course, you can always search for music across all of our millions and millions of songs. I like to do a little bit of stuff with Siri because Siri has been learning a lot more about music. Play Born to Run. [Music] It's one of my favorite songs of all time. Let's get a little more specific. Play the top ten songs in Alternative. [Music] If I tap on the Up Next queue, I can see all of the top ten songs and what's next. Now, I feel like reminiscing a little, and let's go back to my high school days when I graduated. Play the top song from May 1982. [Music] Now, that brings back some memories, but we will leave that for another time. Have you ever gone to a movie and you love the soundtrack or the song that was on there, but you don't know the name or you have forgotten about it later? Well, it's really easy with Siri. Play the song from Selma. [Music] Let's do that again. Play the song from Selma. [Music] And that is Siri, and that is Apple Music. [Cheers and applause] It is a revolutionary music service with recommendations just for you, a worldwide live radio station with the world's best DJs, an exciting way for fans to connect with artists, and of course, this is joined by the iTunes Music Store, the best place to buy music. Apple Music is all of the ways you love music, all in one place. We are launching in over a hundred countries later this month with iOS 8.4 for your iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad, as well as a new version of iTunes for the Mac, a new version of iTunes for Windows, and Android is coming this fall. [Cheers and applause] Apple Music will be just $9.99 a month, the cost of an album. We want everyone to try it, so we are making the first three months free. Now, we want to do something really great for families. Today you have to buy a music subscription for each and every person. Or you share an account even though you are not supposed to. And now all of you can't play at the same time, and your playlists and recommendations get all messed up. Well, with Apple Music, for just $14.99, you can have up to six family members. Everyone gets their own account, their own library, their own recommendations. It's an incredible value. And that is Apple Music. Thank you. Turn it back to Tim. [Cheers and applause] TIM COOK: Thanks, Eddy. Isn't that amazing? We really love Apple Music, and we hope that you do too. And we are so excited about it, and with all the countries we are rolling out to, we made a great ad to tell the world about it. And I'd love to run it for you now. This is Zane Lowe of Beats 1. We've got the whole world locked in for this one. Brand-new Pharrell. [Music] [Cheers and applause] Now, music connects with us all at such a deep, emotional level. We couldn't be happier to launch Apple Music, and we can't wait till you start listening to it at the end of the month. This has been a jam-packed morning. I hope you've enjoyed it as much as we have. We want to thank everybody for joining us, especially the developers, and I'd like to recognize all of the people in Apple, all of our team that have worked so hard on making and creating all of these products you've seen this morning. Thank you, guys. It is an incredible privilege of a lifetime to work with them. Now, I've got one last thing. Before we go, it's only fitting to celebrate the launch of Apple Music with an incredible music performance by one of the hottest new artists in music today, and it's not only a hot new artist, but he's going to do a worldwide premiere of his newest song this morning. Please give it up for The Weeknd. [Cheers and applause] [Music] [Cheers and applause] TIM COOK: Ladies and gentlemen, The Weeknd! [Cheers and applause] Everybody have a great week! It's great to be together! [Cheers and applause] Looking for something specific? Enter a topic above and jump straight to the good stuff. An error occurred when submitting your query. Please check your Internet connection and try again. Feedback & Bug Reporting Certificates, Identifiers & Profiles To view the latest developer news, visit News and Updates. Terms of Use Privacy Policy License Agreements	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2426
__label__wiki	0.518117	0.518117	Research designed to our tell client's story. Our Columns: The Region’s Economy Cincinnati Parent Galleries: The Columbus Dispatch: State benefited from sales tax holiday, professor says 02/18/2016Newspapers The three-day sales tax holiday last August was a net benefit for the state and many counties, an economics professor told a Senate panel Wednesday. Despite clothing, school and instructional items being exempt from the sales tax, Julie Heath, director of the University of Cincinnati Economics Center, said that based on her model, the state saw a net gain of $4.7 million in tax revenue. That would be a big swing from estimates made prior to the holiday by the Ohio Department of Taxation, which projected the state would lose $21 million, and counties would lose $4.7 million.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2428
__label__wiki	0.75914	0.75914	Business News›Industry›Cons. Products›Food›Why milk pips meat as the primary source of animal protein in India Tata Motors (DVR) Why milk pips meat as the primary source of animal protein in India While Indians might have more chicken and fish and other protein sources in the coming years, it is dairy products that are going to dominate the dining table. G Seetharaman Jun 22, 2019, 11.30 PM IST In India, milk pips meat as the primary source of animal protein Hemlata Gujar does not remember having milk during her childhood. Her father was a driver in Kolhapur in western Maharashtra and her family was too poor to afford it. Naturally, she did not care much for milk until she got married and became pregnant with her first daughter at age 22. Her doctor then advised her to start drinking milk to shore up her protein intake. The habit stuck. Gujar, now 42, has a glass or two every day. Today, dairy is an essential part of her family’s diet, as it is for most Indians. She buys a litre of buffalo milk, which is fattier and pricier than cow milk, daily. It costs her around Rs 60 but she also makes curd and ghee from it. Dairy is a marker of a family’s financial status, says Gujar, sitting outside the kirana store she runs with her husband, Ashok, in Patas, a village 70 km east of Pune. Her younger daughter is also behind the counter but is glued to TikTok on her phone. The store is stocked with grocery essentials, including milk pouches, chips, cola and Maggi. “You can tell whether a family is well-to-do or poor by looking at how milky their chai is,” she says. This is true in several parts of the country. In rural Punjab, the size of the lassi glass could be a similar giveaway of one’s economic standing. Indians have exhibited a strong preference for dairy products due to historical and cultural reasons. The country is the world’s largest producer of milk, which is an important part of the diet given its nutritious value. And, as Gujar says, a family’s dairy intake rises along with its income. Studies, too, establish this trend. This love for dairy products is set to grow if numbers are to be believed. India’s per capita income has risen two-thirds in the past 10 years to Rs 92,565 in 2018-19, adjusting for inflation. But unlike in other countries, where a higher disposable income would mean an increased meat consumption, India has seen a growth in dairy intake as disposable income grows. The growth in dairy products is set to far outstrip growth in meat consumption in India, cementing dairy’s status as the primary source of animal protein. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations in 2018 estimated India’s per capita consumption of fresh dairy products — like milk, curd and buttermilk — in 2017 to be 84 kg, among the highest in the world. It is 53% higher than the global average. The 2019 report is yet to be released and the latest Indian government data on food consumption is from 2011-12. India’s per capita fresh dairy intake grew 44% between 2007 and 2017. Our dairy consumption is projected to rise 38% between 2017 and 2027, reaching 116 kg, nearly twice the global average. Consumption of poultry meat, on the other hand, grew at 62% in 2007-2017. But it is projected to grow only 24% in 2017-2027, even though it is the second most preferred meat after fish. While the growth in fish consumption is likely to halve to 6%, pork and mutton intake may remain the same by 2027. Beef and buffalo meat, which fell by half in 2007-2017, will see a 20% jump by 2027. Projections are not available for eggs and cheese. Butter consumption, which was at just 3.22 kg in 2017, will increase by a quarter in the decade, say the OECD and FAO. Dairy products make up 12% of the daily protein consumption of Indians, according to an analysis of the 2011-12 National Sample Survey. The list is topped by cereals like rice, wheat and millets, shows an analysis of the study by research collective Leveraging Agriculture for Nutrition in South Asia. Pulses make up 11% of our protein consumption; eggs, meats and fish contribute just 2%. Around 70% of Indian women and 78% of Indian men eat meat or fish, according to the 2015-16 National Family Health Survey. But only 6% of them have it daily, compared with nearly 45% who have milk or curd every day. We don’t consumer meat so frequently, when compared with the rest of the world. For instance, India’s per capita poultry meat consumption in 2017 was 2.1 kg, seven times lower than the global average. Meat does not figure as prominently in the Indian diet as in other countries, says Devesh Roy, a senior research fellow with the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health. “Take (mutton or chicken) biryani, for instance. More than half of it is rice.” Meat is almost always an accompaniment to our meals and not the centrepiece. Another Patas resident and a neighbour of the Gujars, Rupali Khade, says, “We usually eat chicken or mutton on Sundays, but not if there is a festival on that day. But there is no such restriction on dairy.” She clarifies that her family does not consume meat or eggs on three days of the week or during festivals like Navratri or Ganesh Chaturthi or during three months of the Hindu calendar, like Shravan. Roy adds that another advantage dairy has over meat is availability. While grocery stores in cities stock frozen meats, that is not an option in places in Patas. Even meat eaters usually frown upon buying rice or salt from a shop that sells meat, especially on those days when they do not eat meat, says Ashok Gujar, the kirana store owner. Despite the wide distribution of milk, it is quite “income- and price-elastic,” says RS Sodhi, managing director of the Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation, which owns the Amul brand. That means the demand for milk varies depending on changes in prices and incomes. Among the factors responsible for the rise of dairy consumption, the most important is what people think of milk, even if they are not entirely aware of the nutrients in it. J Samba Murthy, head of the dairy division at Hyderabad-based Heritage Foods, says companies do not have to do much work to convince people about the health benefits of milk. “What we have to highlight is the quality of milk that they buy.” While there are several national dairy brands like Amul and Mother Dairy and regional brands like Aavin, Milma and Nandini, three-fourths of the dairy market are unorganised. Spurred by the success of the Amul dairy cooperative movement in Gujarat, the Union government in 1970 launched Operation Flood, a nationwide dairy development programme to make India self-sufficient in milk. India is now the world’s largest producer of milk, accounting for more than a fifth of the global output in 2018. The high rate of consumption of dairy in India is despite a wide prevalence of an inability to fully digest lactose, the sugar found in milk. A 2009 study of 153 healthy individuals in Bengaluru and Lucknow by the Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences found that 88% of those in Bengaluru had low lactose tolerance, compared with 66% in Lucknow. Interestingly, Hemlata Gujar’s elder daughter Pratiksha, whom Hemlata was pregnant with when she started drinking milk regularly, is lactose-intolerant. Dairy consumption is higher in north Indian states than in southern states. A study published by the UKbased journal, The Lancet, in 2017 pegged the global lactose malabsorption rate at 68%. Most Indians cannot imagine a life without milk, which is essential to their daily diets and also special occasions since so many sweets are made with milk or milk products. While Indians might have more chicken and fish and other protein sources in the coming years, it is dairy products that are going to dominate the dining table. animal protein Cut down on animal protein, avoid coffee: These small steps can help prevent kidney stones in summer 'Agflation' may hit animal protein and dairy industry in 2013 NCLAT urges Hudco to drop opposition to McDonald’s-Vikram Bakshi deal NCLAT directs Vikram Bakshi to file affidavit on amount received from McDonald's for his shares India is considered an exporter of talent: Perfetti Van Melle Govt looking into overpricing of bottled water, packaged food Madhu Jayanti International strengthens its packet tea business Subway got too big. Franchisees paid a price No proposal to fix MSP for milk: Government Cafe Coffee Day founder Siddhartha seeks Rs 8-10k cr valuation from Coca-Cola for his coffee chain FSSAI calls for colour-coded labels on products with high fat, sugar content Coca-Cola sits down for stake talks over coffee with CCD	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2429
__label__wiki	0.812036	0.812036	BBC launches new homepage in beta By Graham Charlton September 21st 2011 11:22 The BBC has been changing its homepage again, and the new beta version “demonstrates a new ‘visual-first’ approach to showcasing the breadth of our content on the web.” The new page looks good, and represents a significant change from the current version, which was introduced in February 2008. Why a new homepage? The aim is to promote the breadth of the BBC’s content to the 9m weekly unique visitors. Currently, the homepage sends the majority of its traffic to the news, sport and weather sections. According to the BBC’s Head of Homepage product James Thornett: Showcasing the breadth of BBC Online content within a single page has been our constant challenge. To date we’ve made tweaks to a relatively static page to better fulfil this purpose; with the move to a new technical platform, we’ve the opportunity to rebuild the page from the first principles to provide a more effective solution. The BBC believes that the current homepage is too narrow in focus, with 43% of traffic in July going from this page to the news sections, and 35% to sport. Its research also found that some users were confused between the main homepage and the news homepage. Also, as 70% of news front page visitors arrive without going via the homepage, there is less of a need to heavily promote news here. The most obvious change is the increase in the number of images on the page, and the carousel showing content from news, sport, and plenty from the iPlayer. The navigation to the various sections of the site is less obvious than before, though there are some more options under ‘explore’ further down the page, as well as TV listings and most popular articles, videos and audio content. The BBC has used sliding ‘drawers’ here to allow people to see more or less content: The new page is customisable, to a certain extent. You can select ‘more from’ news and sport, entertainment, knowledge or lifestyle. So here I’m served up more sport. It isn’t quite as customisable as the previous version of the page though. If I’m not interested in cycling, and would prefer more football news, then there’s nothing I can do about it: The new homepage looks like it was designed for tablets, though having tried it on iPad, it would work better if I could swipe between the three pages. Perhaps future changes will cater for tablet users. Overall, I like the new version of the site, though I’d like to see more options to customise and show local content. As a regular user of iPlayer, I’d also like the homepage recommendations to reflect my viewing habits. Opinion on the new homepage Opinion will always be divided when such a popular site makes changes, but it seems to be more positive than negative in general. George Nimeh was one person who wasn’t impressed though, and left some feedback on the site. I think he makes a good point about the lack of social integration: I was hoping to be surprised by new innovation and/or a fresh take on the news, entertainment, lifestyle and other info that the BBC provides. Instead, it looks like someone likes Flipboard and tried (and failed) to import it into the www. Your new beta lacks curation. The date/weather area is static and way too big. The experience feels impersonal. It is plain. It lacks social integration and fails to offer you (the BBC) the opportunity to capitalize on any benefits that you might receive by integrating social media and sharing into the user experience. This is terribly unimpressive. Opinion on Twitter for #bbchomepage was broadly positive. For example, @jamesseddon is impressed by the new page: Blog BBC redesign Uncategorised	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2430
__label__wiki	0.788974	0.788974	A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush By Eric Newby Genre: Essays & Memoirs From 8 Ratings Mirror [#1] a-short-walk-in-the-hindu-kush.pdf 30,949 KB/Sec Some of the maps in this title are best viewed on a tablet device. A classic of travel writing, ‘A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush’ is Eric Newby’s iconic account of his journey through one of the most remote and beautiful wildernesses on earth. It was 1956, and Eric Newby was earning an improbable living in the chaotic family business of London haute couture. Pining for adventure, Newby sent his friend Hugh Carless the now-famous cable - CAN YOU TRAVEL NURISTAN JUNE? - setting in motion a legendary journey from Mayfair to Afghanistan, and the mountains of the Hindu Kush, north-east of Kabul. Inexperienced and ill prepared (their preparations involved nothing more than some tips from a Welsh waitress), the amateurish rogues embark on a month of adventure and hardship in one of the most beautiful wildernesses on earth - a journey that adventurers with more experience and sense may never have undertaken. With good humour, sharp wit and keen observation, the charming narrative style of ‘A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush’ would soon crystallise Newby's reputation as one of the greatest travel writers of all time. One of the greatest travel classics from one of Britain's best-loved travel writers, this edition includes new photographs, an epilogue from Newby's travelling companion, Hugh Carless, and a prologue from one of Newby's greatest proponents, Evelyn Waugh. 'The master storyteller. He transformed travel writing' Independent 'One of the most enjoyable reads of the last century' Herald Tribune 'The most successful travel writer of his generation. It's impossible to read this book without laughing aloud' Observer 'Endlessly entertaining and self-deprecating' Daily Mail 'Full of serendipity and surprise' The Economist 'A total success' New Yorker 'Notable addition to the literature of unorthodox travel … tough, extrovert, humorous and immensely literate' Times Literary Supplement '”A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush” established him as a traveler who not only journeyed fruitfully but had the ability to bring his readers with him' William Trevor, Guardian 'I still think the last few sentences of “A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush” the funniest ending to any book I have read' Geoffrey Moorhouse, The Times 'The book that made [Newby's] reputation … typically ironic in its understatement' Observer 'Newby is easily the best of the bunch' Sunday Times 'All the lyricism, and spirit of adventure and discovery [in] Newby's work' The Times 'As good as its hype' Wanderlust Eric Newby was born in London in 1919. In 1938, he joined the four-masted Finnish barque Moshulu as an apprentice and sailed in the last Grain Race from Australia to Europe, by way of Cape Horn. During World War II, he served in the Black Watch and the Special Boat Section. In 1942, he was captured and remained a prisoner-of-war until 1945. He subsequently married the girl who helped him to escape, and for the next fifty years, his wife Wanda was at his side on many adventures. After the war, he worked in the fashion business and book publishing but always travelled on a grand scale, sometimes as the Travel Editor for the Observer. He was made CBE in 1994 and was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award of the British Guild of Travel Writers in 2001. Eric Newby died in 2006. More by Eric Newby Eric Newby Slowly Down the Ganges The Last Grain Race On the Shores of the Mediterranean Round Ireland in Low Gear A Traveller’s Life What the Traveller Saw A Merry Dance Around the World With Eric Newby Around the World in 80 Years	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2432
__label__wiki	0.679911	0.679911	Duke Dissertations Convincing the World: Pentecostal Liminality as Participation in the Mission of the Paraclete Raburn, Michael Hauerwas, Stanley Did the early Pentecostals regard themselves as servants to the wider church, bearers of the gifts of the Spirit, sent to bring a renewed focus on love, unity, holiness, and justice to all parts of the church? Or did they see themselves as the only true believers in the midst of apostates, heretics, and reprobates? What can be found among the early Pentecostals, as a people whose primary self-identity was as a people of the Spirit, that carried the Spirit's mission forward in unique or significant ways? Can the loss of such practices help explain the decline of the Pentecostal movement? Narrating the Pentecostal movement through the lens of the Spirit's mission to the world is an attempt to give a normative account of Pentecostal liminality, to describe certain communitas commitments as ones that gave rise to the movement and propelled it forward. This study describes in detail how this understanding itself came to be something else, something quite damaging. Still, the general principle was that the Holy Spirit comes in power and blesses work that aligns with the Spirit's own mission. That is the primary presupposition at work here as well, that through understanding the mission of the Holy Spirit, we may find ways to align ourselves with that mission, to co-labor with the Spirit by privileging the liminal moment. Implicit in this claim is the denial that such alignment is automatic, guaranteed, or even self-sustaining. The argument here is that the incompatibility of the Pentecostal ethos represented by these communal commitments with the uncritical acceptance of evangelical-fundamentalist theological accounts on the part of the second and third generation Pentecostals resulted in a loss of what constituted the Pentecostal movement as such. This dissertation begins with an exegesis of John 16.8-11 in an effort to articulate Pentecostal ethics in terms of participation in the Spirit's mission of convincing the world with regard to sin, righteousness, and power. The conclusions of this exegesis are that the entire world is in view throughout this passage; that the Spirit convicts all with regard to sin, defined as not believing in Jesus, righteousness, defined as following Jesus' example in a life of holiness, and power, defined as the Spirit's judgment on all forms of power that are self-aggrandizing as opposed to the cruciform mode of authority that must characterize the Christian life; and that the Spirit accomplishes this convincing work primarily through the life of the communitas the Spirit forms, embodies, and empowers. These results are then carried to the Pentecostal movement in its earliest instantiation and as it exists as a Christian subculture today, asking what Pentecostal liminality might look like, if the rubric of the Spirit's mission to the world is applied as a moment we are to participate in enduringly. Raburn, Michael (2013). Convincing the World: Pentecostal Liminality as Participation in the Mission of the Paraclete. Dissertation, Duke University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7095. Rights for Collection: Duke Dissertations	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2434
__label__wiki	0.802402	0.802402	Dinamani - Tiruvallur About Dinamani - Tiruvallur Express Network Private Limited forms part of the “The New Indian Express” Group and was incorporated on August 13, 1999 under Indian Companies Act, 1956. This Company was promoted by Express Publications (Madurai) Limited which is the flagship Company of the Group. Express Publications (Madurai) Limited publishes the prestigious English language Newspaper, The New Indian Express from 32 printing centers in Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Orissa. It also publishes The Sunday Standard from New Delhi. Express Publications (Madurai) Limited also publishes Tamil daily Dinamani and Samakalika Malayalam Varika, a weekly, in Malayalam.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2438
__label__cc	0.637177	0.362823	Government extends support to vocational training to all companies Home // Uncategorized // Government extends support to vocational training to all companies The Government wants to extend to all companies the support to vocational training only available to the automotive sector. According to JN, the Executive also intends to increase the number of workers per company that can make training with state support. The Government will extend to all companies in difficulty the State support for the professional support and that hitherto were only available to the automotive sector, reported The News Journal. After the Minister of Labour announced this intention a few days, the ordinance should be even published this week in the Official Gazette will confirm two amendments to the Qualification and Employment program. One allows the state to pay 90 percent of the wages of workers who do vocational training instead of the current 85 percent, while another increases the number of workers per company that can do this training. Currently, automobile companies may only have one fifth of its employees for training, but according to the News Journal the number will increase to 35 percent in this sector and 25 percent in other branches. The Training and Employment program can only continue to access companies that do not have debts to the state and workers and have economic viability. These companies may not make redundancies, except for cause, distribute profits and increase the salaries of managers.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2440
__label__cc	0.722071	0.277929	Counterpoint – nuclear power and the low carbon economy Recently, I was interviewed by Paul Comrie-Thomson for Counterpoint, a current affairs radio programme broadcast on ABC Radio National. The topic was the potential role of nuclear power in Australia. Below is the transcript of the interview, broadcast on 13 July, and a link to the original .MP3 audio of the broadcast. I’d be interested in any feedback you, as BNC readers, have — not only on the content of the interview (remember, this was done off the top of my head, so there may be a few minor misstatements), but also on the effectiveness (or not) of this sort of communication strategy. When it comes to climate change and reducing carbon emissions Barry Brook challenges many in the environmental movement to think again about nuclear power. He says in the future we’ll need more energy, not less, and the only way to meet increased demands for power is an inconvenient solution — nuclear. Download audio (ABC Radio National, Counterpoint, 13 July 2009) Paul Comrie-Thomson: First to nuclear power, the old bete noire of the environmental movement. Is it time for rehabilitation? Could nuclear power in fact be the technological answer to climate change? Three Mile Island and Chernobyl still linger in the minds of many, but Barry Brook, director of the Research Institute for Climate Change and Sustainability at the University of Adelaide, says it’s time to move past old prejudices. So, Barry Brook, just how safe are current nuclear reactors? Barry Brook: Modern reactors are designed on the principle of being inherently safe, and what that means is they have a number of design principles that are based on the laws of physics. So in order for them to melt down or explode there would have to be an extraordinary set of circumstances where you would have multiple systems failing, and in the new reactors that are being proposed, even more than that, you would have to have the laws of physics being violated, which of course is not particularly likely. Paul Comrie-Thomson: It’s not likely. So Three Mile Island and Chernobyl, given the new reactors, are now a thing of the past? Barry Brook: Chernobyl was a special type of reactor built by the Russians to breed plutonium for bombs, so it had a graphite core and it meant that if you had problems in the reactor where the water flow would stop, it would actually run out of control. No American reactor can actually do that. And Chernobyl also lacked a containment building, which was another problem because when it started a graphite fire all of the radioactive material was dispersed into the air, another disaster. That also can’t happen in an American reactor. Three Mile Island was a lesson where there was poor training of staff and a failed system for notifying the staff of actually what was happening. And so they made mistakes such as opening valves when they should have been shutting them and letting water in when they shouldn’t have. But Three Mile Island didn’t hurt anyone. There were no fatalities, there was no radioactivity of any note released into the environment. So even in that worst-case scenario for an American reactor there were essentially no problems. But of course the reactor was destroyed, it cost millions of dollars, and it set back the American nuclear program by decades really because of the effect on public opinion. That’s gradually changed. Paul Comrie-Thomson: And also it happened 12 days after the release of the movie The China Syndrome. Barry Brook: But of course what was speculated in The China Syndrome was that the reactor would melt completely through the floor of the building into the Earth and cause a steam explosion, it would spread radioactivity everywhere. It didn’t eventuate because of course that was a completely unrealistic scenario. Paul Comrie-Thomson: Yes, very convincing but unrealistic…convincing in terms of entertainment. Let’s explore a little more costs and build times. You say that we now have standardised modular passive safety designs which can be factory built and shipped to site. You say they’re game changes for the industry. How does it change the game? Barry Brook: One of the biggest problems with the American reactor program and why it stalled in the ’70s and ’80s, Three Mile Island notwithstanding, was that the costs were escalating. When it cost $300 million to build a reactor in 1972 and it cost $6 billion in the early ’80s, something has gone terribly wrong. Part of that was the legal suits that extended the reactor certification time over to a period of decades. So part of it was the anti-nuclear movement that did that, but also a part of it was each design was different. So everything was built anew, new features were tried out, every design needed a special certificate to actually be built and then another certificate to be run. So the whole system ultimately was set up to fail and things became more and more expensive. If you can have a system where you have a standardised design with components that are built to a particular specification, if you can have components that are built in a factory and shipped to site rather than everything needed to be constructed on site, if you have modules where they’re smaller such as they can be put on a rail car or on a large truck and taken to site and the many of these units put together to constitute a plant, then you can start to see that there’s huge benefits in terms of efficiency, the fact that you don’t need a standardised certificate for each and every new reactor, that there are economic benefits in building multiple units at a given factory. The places where this is happening is China and India right now. So although these have often been blamed as some of the worst carbon polluters, ultimately and ironically they could be the nations that lead us out of the carbon economy and into a low carbon economy based on nuclear power. Paul Comrie-Thomson: The 2006 Switkowski Report on nuclear power in Australia, it hardly mentioned fast reactors. How do you see their potential? Barry Brook: Fast reactors are an old type of reactor design. The first reactor, the Experimental Breeder Reactor 1 built in the US to work out many of the glitches in nuclear power production was a fast reactor, but almost every reactor that’s been built since and all of the currently commercial reactors in the US, in Japan and in France are what’s known as light water reactors. They’re basically two designs; a pressurised water reactor and a boiling water reactor. They use water to slow down neutrons in a nuclear reaction to make the fission of uranium 235 more likely…it’s a bit of a technical topic, I know, but basically it makes it a lot easier to generate power from uranium 235. Fast reactors use a different technology where instead of using water to cool the fuel and transfer heat to a steam turbine they use a liquid metal. Sodium is often used, lead is another possibility. It’s hard to imagine that you could have a molten metal as the coolant in a reactor but that’s exactly what it does. And it has a number of advantages because you can not only burn all of the uranium 235 but you can burn the uranium 238 which people may have heard of as depleted uranium, the uranium that’s left over after you’ve tried to enrich it to increase the concentration of uranium 235. It’s the stuff they use in bullets and tank armour, it’s very common. If you can get the energy out of that, which is what fast reactors can do, then potentially you can unlock 100 to 300 times the energy we’re currently using out of uranium. And even better than that, we can take all of the spent fuel that’s been generated by all the world’s nuclear reactors to date and generate power from that, and change it from a 100,000-year management problem to about a 300-year management problem. Paul Comrie-Thomson: Which is why you say nuclear power is the world’s primary source of sustainable carbon free energy. It’s a big claim. Barry Brook: Well, every source of energy currently requires carbon to construct it, but then there are a range of technologies that don’t actually emit any carbon once they’re generating power, and nuclear power is one of those. The great advantage of nuclear power is rather than relying on a diffuse and variable power source, which is what most renewable energies rely upon, it’s relying on an extremely concentrated power source. A kilogram of uranium contains about as much energy as two million kilograms of coal, and coal is already a concentrated form of energy. So it’s an incredibly concentrated form of energy if you can harness it to its full advantage. I probably didn’t answer your earlier question completely in that you asked why there weren’t any fast reactors right now. The main reason is a simple matter of economics, that fast reactors require a special type of reprocessing of the fuel known as pyroprocessing which doesn’t separate plutonium, so you can’t use it to make a bomb, but it requires a little bit of extra money to close the fuel cycle. And in an era when uranium is very cheap, it’s not worth paying that. Once uranium gets above about $150 a kilogram or so, these become highly economical. So to date it’s been the abundance of uranium and the relative lack of concern about storing nuclear waste over the long-term that has I think stopped the commercial development of these reactors. Paul Comrie-Thomson: Many will say that this is all very well but renewables are the answer. But what role do you see wind and solar playing over the next decade? Barry Brook: I think in Australia they’re going to play the primary role in trying to reduce our dependence on carbon based energy for the simple fact that it’s going to take ten years to get nuclear power here, and that process will involve getting public support, discussions on the merits of nuclear power and the potential problems (I don’t think we’re having that educated debate in Australia right now), right through to setting up an organisation that can certify reactors and getting the first ones built, which might take four or so years. So that’s a ten-year process, in which case we can give our attention to wind and solar and see what they can achieve. My pessimism of wind and solar is not that they won’t have a role in our future energy supply but that they are not able to supply sufficient energy to power an industrial economy or indeed to allow the economy to continue to grow in that way. There are many problems with back-up, with storage of energy, with the sort of grid connections you’re going to require to remote areas to harness energy from these areas, because of course because of the diffuse and variable nature of these technologies they require a continental scale deployment to provide enough power for all of society. We’ve only done them on a very small scale so far. If you look at all of the power generated in Australia, it’s only just over 1% now that’s generated by the sort of renewables that we’re talking about which are wind and solar, what is often termed techno-solar, as opposed to other forms of renewable energy that we do rely on quite a lot which is hydro power and biomass burnings, burning wood and other forms of animal and plant generated produce. Paul Comrie-Thomson: And of course looking at what people call the new economy or moving away from a carbon economy, people talk of desalination and electric vehicles, but you make the point that they’re energy-hungry enterprises, and so if we’re going in that direction we will need more energy, not less. Barry Brook: Yes, that’s exactly right. Right now we have a convenient energy carrier that’s available for us to mine, which is oil and, to a lesser degree, gas. When we are depleted in that energy carrier, which we use for almost all of our vehicular transport and heating needs, we’re going to have to create one, and the way we’re going to create it is through electricity. So ultimately we’re going to become a 100% electrified society, notwithstanding the contribution that may be made from biofuels, things such as the aviation industry. So if we’re going to move from being about a 30% electrical society through to a 100% electrical society, it’s pretty easy to do the maths and find that at the very least power demand is going to triple. I can’t see any way around that if we’re going to decarbonise the economy which in my view is going to be required for multiple reasons. Whether or not you’re concerned with climate change, there are issues of pollution involved with coal such as particulates and mercury and heavy metals and sulphates that cause acid rain. We’d rather get rid of that if we can. There are certainly sharp limitations on the supply of oil and ultimately gas. So at some point we’re going to have to move our society away from fossil fuel dependence to other energy sources. I think that nuclear power is a sufficiently sustainable source of power to provide all of the growth in our energy demands that are going to come in the next million years or so. Paul Comrie-Thomson: This requires a radical rethink and you said it’s time for green groups to become rational, promethean environmentalists. Is this call falling on deaf ears at the moment? Barry Brook: I think it’s not. I’ve talked to many environmentalists who are greatly concerned about climate change and concerned about energy supply in the future and having a low carbon economy. Most of them are locked into the thinking that renewable energy can do it. I’m a supporter of renewable energy, I think we need to be pushing this, but I am not deluding myself into imagining that this is going to provide all or even the predominance of our energy supply. And when I actually talk to most environmentalists about the benefits of nuclear power and the fact that many of the old myths and half-truths that hang around the nuclear power industry have either been…were never true in the first place or have been superseded by technological developments, they’re willing to listen. I would suggest there’s maybe 10% to 20% of people who are so ardently anti-nuclear that they’re immune to any such argument and they’ll never change their mind, but I think the vast majority of people who are concerned about the environment and, let’s face it, everyone is concerned about having a planet that’s fit to live on and fit to pass to our children, anyone who listened sensibly to those arguments is willing to consider the arguments for nuclear power. So I think it would be quite reasonable to get 80% of the population on board with this idea. Paul Comrie-Thomson: And yet in Canberra we hear the cry ‘Do you want a nuclear power plant in your backyard?’ This is sort of thrown up…during the last election campaign it was said ‘Where are the nuclear power plants going to be placed?’ and so on. There’s a bit of work to be done there in terms of public debate, isn’t there? Barry Brook: There is. Of course you could ask the similar question ‘Would you like a 30-metre wind turbine put in your backyard?’ or ‘Would you like a coal-fired power station next to you?’ and I think the answer would be no in those two cases as well. There’s always this NIMBY factor to overcome. With nuclear power plants the best place to put them is along the coastline so they can use cooling water from the ocean rather than using it from drinking supplies, although if you’ve got a large enough body of water even that’s not necessarily a problem. But I think ultimately the first reactors will probably be built in places where there are not a lot of people but where there are transmission lines. One ideal place I can imagine is in places in WA or South Australia where there’s large mining developments, a huge demand for desalinated water which nuclear plants are very good at supplying, and a huge demand for power for mine expansion. If you can expand the mining industry on the basis of low carbon or zero carbon energy and supply those water needs as well, it just seems like a win-win scenario. It will prove to people the benefits of nuclear power in Australia, whereas people in Europe, in France and Belgium, are living cheek by jowl with nuclear power plants and have done so for decades and are extremely happy with them. I just think it takes a bit of time for people to demonstrate to people the advantages of having these reactors, which are very safe. If you live next door to a nuclear reactor, there are a number of radiological studies done on a hypothetical person called Fencepost Man who’s supposed to have his house on the fencepost on the boundary of a nuclear power site. He would get approximately one millirem of radiation more than the general public, and that might sound like a lot but in fact the general public gets over 300 millirems of radiation each year just from natural sources. So essentially there’s no difference between living next door to a nuclear power plant and living in most other places in the world. And indeed, if you live on top of a granite intrusion you’d get about twice that. So people tend to be a bit irrational about radiation and we need to have a bit of an education campaign about that too. Paul Comrie-Thomson: Barry Brook, summing up your position, you’re painting a picture that we have nuclear power plants in coastal regions next to desalination plants in mining regions. It all sounds very agreeable. What main public problems and political problems do you see in this becoming accepted as the way to go? Barry Brook: One of the problems people are concerned about is cost, that there are heavy costs involved in setting up any sort of new industry. In places like America there’s been a lot of speculation about how much their new nuclear plants are going to cost. I think we will know a lot more about costs in the next few years because China in particular are building a lot of reactors. They’re currently constructing 12 of them with plans for another 160 gigawatts of nuclear reactors within the next decade or so after that. We’re talking big numbers here. If the economics are favourable in China as a result of this build-out of nuclear power, then I think the arguments for replacing our current coal-fired power stations as they are retired or indeed retiring them early with nuclear power plants rather than renewable energy may become very relevant, because in this next ten years we’re going to find out the true costs of building a substantial amount of renewable energy to power Australia. We’ve got ten years essentially to build 20% of our power supply, according to the expanded renewable energy target. We’ll know a lot about costs by then and I think that may well reframe the argument substantially and have people talking very seriously about nuclear power. But my warning is that if you haven’t started the process now, if you haven’t started the public discussions, the ideas for how you might get certification of these reactors here, where the suitable sites may be, having the public meetings, getting public support, it will take another ten years after we’ve found out that renewable energy can’t do it, and that’s just too late. Paul Comrie-Thomson: Barry Brook, thanks very much for talking to Counterpoint. Barry Brook: It was a pleasure. Paul Comrie-Thomson: Barry Brook holds the Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change and is the director of the Research Institute for Climate Change and Sustainability at the University of Adelaide. It seems to me that it wasn’t so much Three Mile Island that set back nuclear energy in the USA as a change in American governments’ attitude that had begun several years earlier. In 1968 the US nuclear power industry made electricity that otherwise would have required 3 million tonnes of oil, says BP. In 1973, 19.9 million tonnes; in 2006, 187 million tonnes. Oil was beginning to be a big tax revenue winner in the early 70s, and that, I think not coincidentally, is when nuclear energy began to have political trouble, and many reactors were cancelled. As those troubles continued, any plant-wrecking accident, no matter how harmless, would be seized upon by petrodollar-crazed governments, and so Three Mile Island was. Because of that seizure it is better remembered than a much more serious wind turbine accident in Oregon, even though the latter accident occurred in August of 2007. posted 15 July 2009 at 3:01 AM by G.R.L. Cowan, H2 energy fan 'til ~1996 One cannot vote specifically for the IFR here, but if it is true that when you put an advocate of a particular reactor type on a spit, you cannot persuade any advocate of any other type to turn it, perhaps we could take the opportunity to vote for the liquid-fluoride thorium reactor. And I’ll gladly accept such votes as votes-in-principle for my giant vapour-cascade reactors. These are the big tame fires that I envision providing the energy for many small ones. If they were sensible and allowed ordered first-‘n’-choices voting, where ‘n’ is an integer on the order of two, I would vote for solar thermal as second choice. — G.R.L. Cowan, (‘How fire can be domesticated’) http://www.eagle.ca/~gcowan/ Unfortunately I doubt that Australia will undertake massive increased investment in renewables in the next decade, RET/ETS or not. All the evidence points to making excuses for undiminished coal use and export. I expect most new generation to come from natural gas so that Australia will repeat the mistake of the UK and squander its gas endowment. After a decade of dithering and denial Australia may at last get serious about very low carbon energy. Whether the economy still has sufficient strength to find the necessary capital remains to be seen. I’m not confident. Barry I await your TV appearance perhaps in a panel format with Big Coal on the other side. posted 15 July 2009 at 6:22 AM by John Newlands I do always recommend continuing to check what we think we know. Compare this (1998): http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1241392&blobtype=pdf [Begins by noting that the very long term data on Hiroshima and Nagasaki survivors had begun to show effects, results that took several decades to be detected, and this resulted in downward revision of estimated safety levels for low dose exposure. The article was reporting on the news to date on the TMI studies in the light of those other studies] “… • Continued acquisition of mortality followup for the population past the current end date of 31 December 1998. This continued follow-up would be valuable for cancers of longer latency such as lung, thyroid, and possibly cancers of the CNS. In conclusion, the mortality surveillance of this cohort, with a total of almost 20 years of follow-up, provides no consistent evidence …” To this (2006): http://baywood.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.2190/5GRE-KQ1B-UTM1-KHQ1 International Journal of Health Services Volume 36, Number 1 / 2006, 113 – 135 A SHORT LATENCY BETWEEN RADIATION EXPOSURE FROM NUCLEAR PLANTS AND CANCER IN YOUNG CHILDREN Joseph J. Mangano Previous reports document a short latency of cancer onset in young children exposed to low doses of radioactivity. The standard mortality ratio (SMR) for cancer in children dying before age ten rose in the period 6-10 years after the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl accidents in populations most exposed to fallout. SMRs near most nuclear power plants were elevated 6-10 years after startup, particularly for leukemia. Cancer incidence in children under age ten living near New York and New Jersey nuclear plants increased 4-5 years after increases in average strontium-90 in baby teeth, and declined 4-5 years after Sr-90 averages dropped. The assumption that Sr-90 and childhood cancer are correlated is best supported for a supralinear dose-response, meaning the greatest per-dose risks are at the lowest doses. Findings document that the very young are especially susceptible to adverse effects of radiation exposure, even at relatively low doses. …” Point being — even the Hiroshima/Nagasaki studies are still generating new data over time. It’s not appropriate to declare that there are no problems. This is an opportunity to explain that these are very small trends — that’s what epidemiology does — and thus require very long time series and many data points to emerge. The result though points to, as the latter paper says, a finding that very low level exposures are significant. A side note — one observation I’ve seen before is that it’s possible that normal background radiation is itself something we could benefit by avoiding — the suggestion that the smart use of fossil fuels is to carefully collect the carbon after burning it, then use it as the basis for much less nonradioactive food chain, building proteins without any C-14, to make food and eventually people with very low levels of C-14 in their DNA. posted 15 July 2009 at 6:46 AM by Hank Roberts Compared to avoiding 14-C, a low-energy beta emitter, much greater radiation avoidance could be accomplished by choosing a low-background part of the world to live in; for instance, if you live in Colorado, you might move to Florida, and avoid one or two TMI-at-the-fence doses per year. posted 15 July 2009 at 8:15 AM by G.R.L. Cowan, H2 energy fan 'til ~1996 in reply to Hank Roberts My pessimism of wind and solar is not that they won’t have a role in our future energy supply but that they are not able to supply sufficient energy to power an industrial economy or indeed to allow the economy to continue to grow in that way This study”An assessment of the environmental and economics constrains” released a few weeks ago estimates that Europe has 30,000TWh/year economical wind power potential( about 10-20 times expected demand in 2030). It seems likely that Australia would have similar potential. http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/europes-onshore-and-offshore-wind-energy-potential Arguments on economics of wind and nuclear are going to be the deciding factors in replacing coal, not safety. We will only know the economics after the first reactor is built, a good reason for starting now. posted 15 July 2009 at 9:29 AM by Neil Howes You present well on radio and the points you make are the basis of the debate that Australia has to have. Given Peter Garrett’s bombshell yesterday I would say your timing in impecible. Get out there and put yourself up as a spokesperson, the media will be looking for comment – particularly for someone to counter Ziggy Switkowski’s argument (out today). posted 15 July 2009 at 9:34 AM by Gordon Thanks — have you got a link to Ziggy’s statement? I noted some wit pointed out the similarity of the new Four Mile mine and a certain reactor incident (TMI). But it’s a strong decision to allow leach mining at that new part of Beverley. One can only hope it’s a prelude to a change of policy on our domestic use of this incredibly Uranium resource. posted 15 July 2009 at 1:45 PM by Barry Brook in reply to Gordon Barry Brook – “One ideal place I can imagine is in places in WA or South Australia where there’s large mining developments, a huge demand for desalinated water which nuclear plants are very good at supplying, and a huge demand for power for mine expansion.” Of they could give jobs to South Australians and construct some of these: http://www.enersalt.com.au/ “In Brief: Solar ponds are salt lakes which are managed to act as large, low cost, solar heat collectors. Solar pond technology produces hot water at very low cost. This cheap energy can be used directly to warm farm buildings, aquaculture systems, glasshouses and other rural, industrial or municipal processes (eg heating public swimming pools). The heat energy can be also be used to desalinate water or produce electrical power for remote areas” “Southern and Western Australia has thousands of salt lakes like this. Many are a result of worsening dryland salinity” In my opinion putting a nuclear reactor in places where both land and sun are abundant does not make any sense. posted 15 July 2009 at 1:47 PM by Stephen Gloor Neil, you are right that the correct phraseology should be ‘sufficient reliable energy at a cost competitive basis’ (when accounting for backup, storage and geographically distributed overbuilds required to support large % contributions). posted 15 July 2009 at 1:47 PM by Barry Brook in reply to Neil Howes Hank, you really need to read this Radiation exposure of close-proximity Japanese bomb survivors (within 1-2 km of the epicentre) was 100,000 to 1,000,000 millirems. Radiation exposure of those living around Three Mile Island was an average of 1.2 millirem, with a theoretical maximum of 5 to 10 millirems in a few cases. Background radiation in Pennsylvania, where TMI is located, is about 600 millirem (higher than the US average of about 300, due to local granites). So Japanese bomb victims received between an 80,000 to 800,000 greater radiation dose than TMI ‘victims’. The theoretical maximum (not average) exposure amounted to 1.6% of the annual dose these residents received from natural background and human-induced (e.g. medical x-rays) sources. Even using a linear dose response model, one might expect the TMI incident to result in 0.0001 fatalities from later cancer (that is, 1:10,000th of a single person, ever). If you assume some hormesis, you’d expect none. So forgive me for saying so, but in blunt terms, the above study you cite is absolute nonsense. posted 15 July 2009 at 1:59 PM by Barry Brook in reply to Hank Roberts The “China Syndrome” did happen in Southern California at the Santa Susana Field Site. I copied the following from Wikipedia. Be careful what you claim to be so sure about. There have been many nuclear meltdowns that have not been made public. The Santa Susana Field Laboratory (SSFL) is a once prolific rocket and nuclear reactor test facility located 30 miles (48 km) north of downtown Los Angeles, California. SSFL continues to operate today, serving as a research facility for The Boeing Company. The first commercial nuclear-power producing reactor (the Sodium Reactor Experiment) inside the United States was built at SSFL. The SRE came online in April 1957, and began feeding electricity to the grid on July 12, 1957. The reactor powered over 1,100 homes in the Moorpark area of California for a short period of time. Today, all nuclear research and most rocket testing has been halted. The Sodium Reactor Experiment (SRE) was an experimental nuclear reactor which operated from 1957 to 1964. On July 12, 1957, its electrical generating system produced the first electricity generated from a nuclear power system to supply a commercial power grid by powering homes in the nearby city of Moorpark. In July 1959, internal cooling channels within the reactor became obstructed by a contaminant causing 13 of 43 reactor fuel elements to partially melt.[2] The reactor was repaired and returned to operation in September, 1960 and completed operations in February 1964.[3] The reactor and support systems were removed in 1981 and the building torn down in 1999. The 1959 incident caused the release of radioactive gasses from the fuel elements. Reports and other documentation prepared by the reactor operators (Atomics International) shortly after the incident indicate the gasses were collected, monitored, contained, allowed to decay to acceptable limits then released to the atmosphere over a period of about two months all in compliance with the requirements in effect at the time.[4] In 2004, an analysis of the 1959 incident was prepared to support a lawsuit against the Boeing Company. The analysis concludes the SRE incident may have released up to 260 times more radioactive iodine-131 than the 1979 Three Mile Island accident. Boeing maintains that only a much smaller amount of only xenon-133 and krypton-85 were released. The contradictory analysis of the 1959 incident has been a source of controversy in the neighboring community, however, environmental contamination resulting from the July 1959 incident has not been yet found.[5] In April, 2009, The Department of Energy announced the dedication of $39.9 million dollars to provide for additional environmental sampling of the 260-acre Area IV, including the former SRE site. This example has only hit the public domain in the past few years. There were many more meltdowns at this site that never were made it known to the local communities until long after the initial damage was done. I am all for nuclear as long as their is complete transparency, and unfortunately most governments are not well practiced. posted 15 July 2009 at 2:18 PM by Clay Rosson I propose we build an HVDC cable across the Nullarbor with say 2 GW capacity. Create several feed in nodes for anything that works; wind, wave, solar, geothermal and nuclear. Proposed new mines (zircon, copper-gold, iron) in the area need both water and electricity as well as Olympic Dam. posted 15 July 2009 at 2:31 PM by John Newlands in reply to Stephen Gloor Glad we don’t do stuff like that any more! Nuclear is so much safer now, even advanced nuclear. posted 15 July 2009 at 3:01 PM by David Walters in reply to Clay Rosson You may be interested in this 2008 propsal”A national electricity grid for Australia” http://anz.theoildrum.com/node/4508 posted 15 July 2009 at 7:44 PM by Neil Howes in reply to John Newlands I found out about that accident, although I did not found out about any of the many hidden ones, when I was looking for information on the volatility of uranium triiodide and tetraiodide. It turns out to be quite implausible that metallic uranium fuel, which is what the SRE reactor had, would release any iodine ever. Also, of course, if it did, the sodium around it would take it and hold it even tighter. NaI would dust out at the bottom of the sodium. More here. If we are to build sodium-cooled reactors again, the like might happen again — after all, no-one planned for the junk that jammed the thing to do so, the first time — but if I lived next door, it wouldn’t worry me. (Imagine if there were as few as three sodium reactors, shut down due to secret accidents, per person! Repairing ten percent of them could give us millions of watts per person.) posted 15 July 2009 at 9:39 PM by G.R.L. Cowan, H2 energy fan 'til ~1996 in reply to David Walters Barry, this is exactly the sort of communication thats required. Anything that reaches a broad audience is valuable, especially where the situation allows the opportunity to explain these ideas without “crossfire” (that’ll come soon enough). Have you considered The Science Show? That would obviously play to your strengths and allow you to give a good account. A couple of points of feedback: I think a lot of people will misunderstand “burning” nuclear fuel, as meaning literally chemical combustion. I’ve had people react in horror to this at thought of urania and plutonia etc going up smokestacks – which is obviously what those big concrete hyperboloids must be. Being told that modern reactors are safe because the “Laws of Physics” so decree sounds like argument from authority or arrogance or otherwise dodging the question. It needs at least some attempt at explanation to be credible. I’ve been trying to come up with a good analogy or metaphor for a negative coefficient of thermal reactivity but haven’t really found one. Its a bit like a dead man’s switch on a train, in that you need to be making a continuous conscious choice to keep the train going, or like a fire you have to keep fanning to keep alive – if you walk away, they stop. But there must be better analogies. posted 15 July 2009 at 9:59 PM by John D Morgan Thanks for the ideas John. I’m ahead of you on The Science show — it might be on next week, so watch out! Point taken about burning and ‘laws of physics’. As you say, it’s a matter of walking the line between technical and explicable for the general audience. Analogies can be good, if they are sufficiently reflective of reality. I’ll have a think. posted 15 July 2009 at 11:02 PM by Barry Brook in reply to John D Morgan Barry, did you look at the first link? I’m not giving you all the most current work. I gave you two examples, from different points in time. That first paper cites the _same_ BEIR study as Chapter 5 that you point to, for the opposite conclusion. The chapter is froman advocacy piece. It emphasizes the uncertainty, and argues that means there’s no problem. Why does that sound familiar? This kind of argument doesn’t teach science well. Hormesis is an advocacy position. A little poison won’t hurt you and may make you healthier — beloved position. It hasn’t worked out well as a policy. There may be a small problem showing up in the more recent studies, in a particular age range. Small. It takes a long time for a small signal to emerge from a large data set with many variables. This is the science that needs to be taught. If people don’t understand how we detect small effects in large background noise, they won’t accept that CO2 is causing a problem. The 1998 paper cites exactly the same BEIR study: … [TMI] gamma doses were 0.09 mSv or 9 mrem and 0.25 mSv or 25 mrem, respectively. The range of likely gamma exposure was estimated to be 1–170 mrem. The average annual effective dose from natural background radiation in the United States is estimated to be approxi- mately 3 mSv (300 mrem) [Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIRV) 1990]. These exposures were there- fore considered minimal. However, in the late 1970s and 1980s, several investigators reported an increased cancer risk, primarily leukemia, among per- sons exposed to fallout from nuclear weapons testing (BEIR V 1990). Estimates of the doses were reported to be sufﬁciently low so that “no detectable increase in risks would have been predicted on the basis of cancer risk estimates from high dose studies” … So they recommended extending the study beyond 1998. That was done. Results are still coming in. I pointed to just an example. You should read this and keep current on this literature — same reason climate science looks very hard at the statistics used to detect small effects in large noisy data sets. Because this matters. Blowing it off is the wrong lesson. I don’t know if Australia has any exposure like the Idaho ‘downwinders’ or the people east of Hanford. These are large longterm studies, finding small effects at exposures below the straight line estimate, particularly in rapidly dividing cells. You have to consider these things and show people the reason for going to Gen4 _includes_greater_safety_, not blow them off with outdated cites to the old BEIR. Chapter 5 you cite doesn’t look beyond BEIR. The ‘hormesis’ argument is often an argument for not worrying. People don’t trust it because the people arguing that there can’t be a problem can be sloppy based on that belief. Look at today’s news out of Germany, the old Gen3 plant problems just got really embarrassing there. Precautionary principle. Not a bad idea. Statistics. They show us what we can’t see otherwise. We argue from those bases to teach people why CO2 is important. We need to be consistent in arguing for Gen4 — because it can be done. posted 16 July 2009 at 12:55 AM by Hank Roberts in reply to Barry Brook An analogy for thermal reactors’ positive temperature coefficient of reactivity might the temperature coefficient of muscle strength in the pedaler in a bicycle rickshaw. As you, the passenger, demand he go faster and faster, he heats up and loses strength. posted 16 July 2009 at 1:58 AM by G.R.L. Cowan, H2 energy fan 'til ~1996 in reply to Barry Brook Instead of burning fuel, transformation may be a better theme. The idea of “spent” is causing a lot of confusion regarding the nuclear fuel cycle among folks who cannot differentiate. The group on this website knows the difference, but the general public and politicians do not have the educational background. The whole point of this website is the idea that nuclear waste is actually a valuable fuel that can sustain us into the distant future, and be the solution to our climate problems. The crossroads that we find ourselves is agencies trying to treat fuel as a waste product like what is happening with the depleted uranium stores in the US (Utah). We have to turn the tide on what is now considered a waste product whose only perceived beneficial use is to lob at enemies for military superiority. Depleted Uranium and other transuranic waste products exist and there is no turning back. We can’t stick our heads in the sand and try to ignore it like putting it in Yucca Mountain. We have to be mature in our approach and take it head on and help the public and government evolve in their understanding of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle. I don’t believe this can happen within the DOE, universities, or corporations. It will take grassroots pressure like this website. In my opinion, I would be careful in moving forward with IFR arguments by relying too heavily on the climate change theories for reasons to use nuclear. No matter what anybody tries to say, there are many legitimate scientists on both sides for whether climate change is man-made or caused by the normal cycles of the sun or both. We shouldn’t alienate half the audience that we are trying to reach. Just because climate change has tremendous amounts of funding and money to keep it alive, doesn’t necessarily make it the truth. It would be safer to explain how our continued reliance on oil and gas is unsustainable and take the moral high ground. Just look at the life lost in the middle east alone for reasons to move away from oil-based economies. Another argument that has not been used for IFR or nuclear is that it is not dependent on the sun. There is increasing concern for how the sun is going to react during the galactic alignment of 2012. posted 16 July 2009 at 3:04 AM by Clay Rosson Noted. The article probably planted the idea of an East-West grid link. Today’s TOD suggests there won’t be enough money for new US transmission. posted 16 July 2009 at 7:27 AM by John Newlands in reply to Neil Howes If we are going to have a nuclear power reactor built it looks like the Federal Government is going to have to take on all financial risks of cost overruns. See this article about the Ontario Nuclear bid: http://climateprogress.org/2009/07/15/nuclear-power-plant-cost-bombshell-ontario/#more-9129 These costs(>$8,000/kWh) are higher than the EIA article you posted on BNC a few weeks ago, and much higher than Chinese estimates. I would note that China seems to have very low estimates for wind(<$1000/kWh) and for solar. Perhaps it would be better to go for a smaller(100-200MW) molten salt/thorium reactor even if the costs per kWh are high the overall headline cost would be much smaller. If we have a 5 Billion cost over-run of the first reactor(1000MW) it may be the last. The interview was referred to in Alan Kohler’s article “A Monumental Failing” on Climate Change and basically said Nuclear had been ruled out. Here is a copy of the relevant part of the interview (unfortunately you have to subscribe to get access to the original – but subscribing is free): AK: In 2006 and 07 you conducted an enquiry into uranium mining and processing and nuclear energy, but nothing happened and in fact I can’t even find your report on any government website. It seems to have disappeared. So, how do you reflect on that work you did and the consequences of it? ZS: I have a much more positive commentary than that. Firstly, the report is now on a government website where such reports are archived, so you can find it if you want to. The purpose of the study at the time was to recognise that for probably 20 years the country hadn’t had a national debate about the validity of nuclear power and that any debate would have to be based upon current information and awareness of what was happening around the world and so the study was intended to update the Australian community’s understanding of what was happening with nuclear energy around the world and provide the facts. So, I think the report succeeded in doing that and I know prior to 2006 you couldn’t get an intelligent discussion of nuclear power in the community because the topic had been demonised and people were poorly informed and surveys suggested that the overwhelming majority of Australians at the time did not support nuclear power. Today those surveys suggest that a majority of Australians support nuclear power and wherever I go people are now talking about the subject and are talking with much more relevant and accurate facts than was possible a couple of years ago, so I think we’ve made progress. AK: Do you think it’s on the national agenda? It doesn’t seem to be a part of the climate change discussions? ZS: No, because the government is clearly not supporting nuclear power having the condition of Australia has many other more attractive options, nuclear power is not part of the national agenda and probably won’t be for some time to come. However, whenever any of us or any of our political leaders travel, they usually land in a country that uses nuclear power and increasingly they’re in environments – given that two-thirds of the world’s population gets some form of their electricity from nuclear reactors – we are seeing around the world the deployment of more and more nuclear energy. So, I think it’s inevitable that nuclear power will be part of the national energy and climate change debate, but the present government doesn’t see it as being part of their approach and so we don’t have a national debate. SB: When you released that report you’ve said that there’d be at least 15 years before we saw a plant in Australia. Is it now 13 years or is it still at least 15 years? ZS: Oh look, it’s got to be 15 years from the point at which you get a national policy supporting the nuclear energy and we’re not there yet. This is an industry where you cannot take shortcuts and so once we get agreement that we’ll go nuclear and that agreement has to be a bipartisan agreement, because you’re making a commitment that’ll extend over decades. Once we get that in place then you’ve got to add another 15 years, but in the larger climate change challenge I think the decisions the country has to take are decisions that will make a difference over decades, that are well thought through and relevant. I don’t think making decisions in order to meet election timetables are relevant to the larger climate change challenge. posted 16 July 2009 at 9:09 AM by Gordon in reply to Barry Brook I see that Ontario has balked at CANDU reactors at $11 a watt. They will probably go for gas fired generation instead. Maybe uranium rich Australia and Canada are taking the gas route because they can whereas other countries don’t have that option. That is, save now pay more later. The case for providing Olympic Dam with 690 MWe and 120 ML/day desal via nuclear seems overwhelming to me. As one of the world’s wealthiest corporations BHP Billiton should pay for much of it. posted 16 July 2009 at 2:16 PM by John Newlands ‘Would you like a coal-fired power station next to you?’ I’ve taken to calling these horrors coal reactors. Thats what they are. If people don’t like reactors let them think about that. Same applies to natural gas reactors. Or even the small diesel reactors used for remote power applications. posted 16 July 2009 at 10:47 PM by John D Morgan in reply to Barry Brook Generally China is cheaper for everything. Boeing and Airbus are glad the PRC is not “into aerospace” or they’d be totally screwed. Neil left out what the Chinese price is for new nuclear: $1400/kW…I think it’s “kW” not “kWh” as prices as given in over night costs not per per watt per hour. Unfortunately while the Chinese do have fast reactors on their mind, only French, to my knowledge, are actually putting money into a uranium driven MSR. posted 17 July 2009 at 2:04 AM by David Walters in reply to Neil Howes You are correct I meant kW not kWh, too bad we can’t build things here at Chinese prices and still paying Australian wages. It’s difficult to know if these Chinese prices are even correct with Chinese labor, when so many industries are government owned. posted 17 July 2009 at 7:54 AM by Neil Howes in reply to David Walters I haven’t heard the interview but will download it and listen. I just thought I’d mention some thoughts on the other half of the Counterpoint team, Michael Duffy, by Clive Hamilton, author of “Scorcher – The dirty politics of climate change” and currently Professor of Public Ethics at Charles Sturt University. Please see page 8 of his September ’07 presentation to the Brisbane Writers Festival at the following web address: http://www.clivehamilton.net.au/cms/media/documents/articles/The_Scary_Politics_of_Climate_Change.pdf posted 17 July 2009 at 12:11 PM by Paul Mahony Correction – it’s on page 9. posted 17 July 2009 at 12:27 PM by Paul Mahony in reply to Paul Mahony Stephen Gloor quotes Barry on the potential for siting nuclear plants adjacent to big mining operations and BB made a good case for this in the interview. He also stated the ideal of putting them close to transmission lines and I would have liked him to suggest incorporation within existing power generators as some have advocated on this post. The NIMBY issue is so potent but if you could point to new generation nuclear plants attaching to existing coal fired generators maybe it cold take some of the ‘steam’ from this objection. A great interview nevertheless but lets not get ahead of ourselves on the size of the RN audience. posted 17 July 2009 at 7:08 PM by pablo in reply to John Newlands According to the ABC website Barry’s Science Show interview is on today. Also, in the Sydney Morning Herald this morning Annabel Crabb has a piece defending Peter Garrett, which turns into a strong statement urging a rational national debate on nuclear power. Its quite good. posted 18 July 2009 at 10:16 AM by John D Morgan in reply to Barry Brook I would never want to force Chinese wages on Aussie workers. Shy of fascism, I hope that never happens. We actually used, about a year ago, on some nuclear blog, the actual cost of wages as a % of a new build based, I think it was, on the AP1000 (again :) Westinghouse “10 million man-hours” to build the unit. We figured an average US wage/benefit package of $60/hr (wages, sick time, medical benefits, etc). That came out to $600 million. If we use the “20 million man-hours” it’s double that or $1.2 billion. So…we are trying figure out…where the rest of the 4 to 9 billion goes to? Fun, huh? posted 18 July 2009 at 10:30 AM by David Walters in reply to Neil Howes Thanks Gordon, I agree with what Ziggy is saying here, though believe a 10 year time-frame is still possible if the urgency of the energy situation is recognised at some point in the near future, and bipartisan support is so garnered. I see, so Joe Romm is happy to argue for first-of-a-kind cost overruns and the plausibility of major cost reductions as part of the expansion and learning-by-doing approach for solar thermal (his pet preference), but these considerations are dismissed when it comes to EPRs (European Pressurised Reactors, e.g. Okiluko) or (ACRs) Advanced CANDUs? Doesn’t make sense to me. By the time Australia builds its first reactor, costs of Gen III+ (and, I’d hope, the first fleet of Gen IVs — and indeed the costs of large-scale deployment of wind and solar thermal) will be well-established (assuming a 10 to 15 year time frame for Oz for nuclear, which seems on the cards). posted 19 July 2009 at 10:03 PM by Barry Brook in reply to Neil Howes One of the posters at Larvatus Prodeo has taken up the nuke cause. http://larvatusprodeo.net/2009/07/20/nukes-a-necessary-part-of-our-future/ posted 21 July 2009 at 8:31 AM by Mike Pingback: Science Show – Nuclear power plants – now safer and cheaper « BraveNewClimate.com Barry, you state that “there was no radioactivity of any note released into the environment” The American Nuclear Society, whose stated vision is to “be the recognized credible advocate for advancing and promoting nuclear science and technology”, NOTE on their website the following: “A very small amount of radiation was released from the plant. The releases were not serious and were not health hazards.” http://www.ans.org/pi/resources/sptopics/tmi/whathappened.html posted 25 July 2009 at 10:12 PM by Dan R Pingback: IFR FaD 1 – Context « BraveNewClimate Might be worth rereading this one. posted 17 March 2011 at 3:23 PM by Hank Roberts French experts said this morning that we have 48 hours to get the power plant stabilized. Obviously, the site will never be cleaned up and will become the disposal site.[Unsubstantiated personal opinion deleted. Please cite source and re-submit] I have heard from my studies that nuclear materials can be stored in glass. If glass beads were blown into the reactor/spent fuel pools that are getting hotter, the glass should melt and entomb the hot fuel. The radiation should stop immediately. The US has to seize the site and take over if Japan can’t act. posted 18 March 2011 at 5:21 PM by Clay Rosson I found this technical quote which better describes the process: The key issue is maintaining the geometry of the fuel rods and keeping them cool stops a partial or full meltdown, however it is essential that the geometry is maintained to avoid any criticality and injection of absorber material is essential to protect against loss of Geometry. A solution maybe to use Boron Dust or Small Boron glass beads which are the ultimate protection for Gas Reactors. It may be necessary for the US to seize the site and take over control. The IAEA has never had any teeth really. The learning curve may be too steep for the Japanese to be able to react in time. Climate update – ongoing decline in South-East Australian rainfall We need a real global plan for carbon mitigation	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2441
__label__cc	0.658907	0.341093	Little Known Facts About Bell Peppers March 8, 2015 March 18, 2015 Marvin Wilson Today’s post is focusing on, and celebrating the many benefits of, the amazing sweet bell peppers. There are many little known facts about bell peppers, and we’ll be getting into those in depth, too. Many people are unaware of the long list of health benefits bell peppers have, and I will get into that in depth a little later. But first, here are some fun facts you may not know about them: While most people consider peppers as a vegetable, they are, in fact, fruits. They grow on flowering plants and have seeds, thus making them a part of the fruit family. And get this – bell peppers have sex! Yes, you read that correctly, there are male and female bell peppers. If you turn them upside down, look at how many lobes they have. The peppers with three lobes are male, and the females will have four. Female peppers are full of seeds, much more so than the male, and are the sweeter of the two. They are best eaten raw, as in salads or finger food appetizers, also good in stir fry dishes. The males have far less seeds, and are not as sweet, making them better for use in baked dishes. You can buy red, orange and yellow bell peppers, but in reality all bell peppers are green to begin with. They change color, progressing from green, to yellow, to orange, and finally red the longer they ripen. Yes, horticulture has produced seeds for each of the various colors of bell peppers, and those peppers will turn the desired color faster, but in essence all bell peppers are green in origin. You don’t have to buy “red” bell pepper seeds to grow them. Plant green bell pepper seeds and just let them ripen until they turn red. The longer bell peppers ripen, the sweeter they get. So, red bell peppers are the sweetest tasting. In the USA, green bell peppers are the most popular for use in meal entrees, but the other colors of bell peppers are considered desirable for salads and for adding appealing color to many dishes. “Capsicum Annum” is the scientific name for bell peppers, and in Australia they are called capsicums. Historians generally agree that Christopher Columbus and Spanish Conquistadors gave peppers their name. Columbus was in search of peppercorn plants to produce black pepper and, while in the Americas, he gathered seeds from a wide variety of pepper shrubs indigenous to America. Columbus took the seeds back with him to Europe, where they were successfully cultivated, and soon became immensely popular for use as a spice as well as a food and an ingredient in many dishes. With the Spanish and English colonization of African countries, the bell pepper was brought to that continent, where it also gained favoritism among Africans as a splendid food item. The bell pepper also made its way into the Asian countries, where it again became popular and a prominent inclusion in Asian meals. In the United States, most of the bell peppers sold in stores are grown in Florida, with Texas, California, North Carolina also contributing a fair share. Northern states, like Michigan and Wisconsin, also grow bell peppers, but because pepper plants are only productive in very warm to hot climates, they are a seasonal plant, grown only during late June through September—with the exception, of course, of peppers grown in greenhouses. The Many Health Benefits of Bell Peppers:	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2446
__label__cc	0.532371	0.467629	The Real World Conservation Trust (RWCT) is a registered UK charity (Reg. No. 1177505. ) “Explorers against Extinction” and “Sketch for Survival” are both registered working names of the Trust. Our mission statement is: To promote the conservation of rare and endangered species and the protection of their environments. We also work on projects to advance the education of the public in the conservation issues around rare and endangered species and the threats to their environment and in helping local communities impacted by proximity to rare species benefit from their existence. Collaboration is key and partnerships include Save the Elephants, Save the Rhino International, the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust, African Parks, Rhino Conservation Botswana, Animals saving Animals and Ol Pejeta Conservancy, part of Fauna and Flora International. Through annual exhibitions and events we aim to ignite a passion for responsible travel and conservation and to connect with ‘everyday explorers’ who like us, want to safeguard wildlife and wild spaces for future generations. Whether you enjoy exploring your local beach, or travelling to remote corners, the world has never been more accessible or more in need of positive action. By working together, we can make a difference. In addition, our Young Explorer Programme aims to assist the next generation of explorers by offering mentoring and financial assistance to young people with a passion for exploration and conservation. Since 2016 our fund-raising activities have helped to support a range of important conservation and education initiatives raising over US$ 100,000. We work on specific conservation projects, raising the funds to allow specialist frontline organisations to carry out the work quickly and efficiently. From the critically endangered Tapanuli Orangutan to specialist conservation canines and rangers working to protect iconic species, we highlight the amazing work of our partners to help them generate long-term funding and support. Through our annual campaigns and social media, and by working with schools in the UK and Africa we aim to connect with a wide audience and educate on key conservation topics. The world is facing an unprecedented natural crisis but we are lucky enough to see amazing work being done by amazing people. Its not all doom and gloom, there is plenty to be hopeful about and we will share that with you.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2450
__label__wiki	0.844525	0.844525	HomePosts tagged 'Penang' Significant Number Factoid Friday – Today Number One Hundred 100 November 16, 2012 fasab Factoids, Numbers, Politics, Sport, Uncategorized, Unusual 100, 100 meters sprint, 100th lost sheep, A Hundred Pounds of Clay, Abraham, Admiral Álvaro de Bazán, Aegis combat system, air defence frigates, Air National Guard, aloes, American football field, American savings bonds, American short hundredweight, American treasury bonds, Andrew Jackson, AR-18, Arabs, Armalite, assault rifle, atomic number, Álvaro de Bazán, Bangkok, Basketball, Belgium, benchmark, Benjamin Franklin, Bergmann MP18 submachine gun, blessings, boiling point, Boston, Briareus, Calcium Carbonate, cave, Celsius, centenarians, centennial, Centillion, centipedes, cents, century, Century Plant, Chartered Industries of Singapore, checkers, Chinese dictionary, Cottus, crucifixion, currencies, Cyclopes, Czechoslovakia, dollar, Dryden Flight Research Center, education, Edward Kasner, embalm, England, Epistles, euro, F-100, F-100 Class Frigates, F-100 Super Sabre, fastest man in the world, father, fatherhood, Fermium, Ferrol, finance, First Hundred Days, France, FTSE 100, Gaia & Uranus, galaxy, Gene McDaniels, Genesis, golf course, Googol, grand design, Greece, Gyges, Hecatonchires, hector, Hershey, Hubble Space Telescope, hundred years old, Hundred Years' War, hundred-dollar bill, iceberg, Imperial Army, India, Isaac, Israel, Jamaican, James Sullivan, Japan, Jesus, Jew, Jewish New Year, JF-100, JF-100 Variable Stability Aircraft, Joseph Haydn, Kongo class, light machine gun, Lockheed Martin, Magic Square, Malaysia, mathematics, Mathew, Messier 100, Mexico, Militaria, military, Milton Sirotta, Minneapolis, Misc, Miscellaneous, molecular weight, Monterrey, myrrh, Nambu Arms Manufacturing Company, nasa, NASA Ames Research Center, NASA/ESA, NASDAQ 100, NATO, Navantia, NBA, Nepal, New Testament, New York Knicks, Nicodemus, North Vietnam, Norwegian Fridtjof Nansen class, number, Obadiah, one hundred, one hundred prophets, one hundred years, Par 3, parable, Paul, Penang, pence, Pennsylvania, percentages, Philadelphia Warrior, Polish Draughts, politics, pound sterling, President of the United States, prime numbers, Pythagoreans, radioactive, Random, religion, religious, religious jew, Roman numeral C, Room 100, Rosh Hashana, science, Scrabble, Senators, Shem, Shofar, SI, Singapore Technologies Kinetics, Singaporean army, South Korea's King Sejong the Great class, South Vietnam, Southampton, space, Spanish Navy, spiral galaxy, sport, stock exchange, SU-100, supersonic jet fighter aircraft, Symphony #100 in G Major, T-34-85 tank, tank hunter, Thailand, Thomas Jefferson, Titanic, Type 100 Submachine gun, U S Census, U.S. Navy, Ultimax 100, United Kingdom, United States Air Force, United States Senate, USAF, Usain Bolt, Wilt Chamberlain, world war ii Today the number is 100, very popular, much used by almost everyone. Here are some things about 100 that you may know and some you probably don’t. 100 One Hundred Shem was an hundred years old when he became a father (Genesis 11:10); Abraham was also one hundred years of age when his son Isaac was born (Gen. 21:5); Obadiah saved one hundred prophets by hiding them in a cave and feeding them. (I Kings 18.4); Jesus’ parable of the 100th lost sheep (Matthew 18.12); Nicodemus brought one hundred pounds of myrrh & aloes to embalm Jesus after his crucifixion (John 19.39); Paul’s 14 Epistles in the New Testament total one hundred chapters; There are 100 blasts of the Shofar heard in the service of Rosh Hashana, the Jewish New Year; A religious Jew is expected to utter at least one hundred blessings daily. The United States Senate has 100 Senators, two from each of the 50 States; “The First Hundred Days” is an arbitrary benchmark of a President of the United States’ performance at the beginning of his or her term. A Centillion 10303 has 100 groups of three zeros after 1000; A Googol is the figure 1 followed by 100 zeroes, written 10100. It was invented by Milton Sirotta, the 9-year nephew of mathematician Edward Kasner; A 10×10 Magic Square has 100 squares with numbers 1-100, each row, column & diagonal adding to 505 with the total sum being 5050; There are exactly 100 prime numbers whose digits are in strictly ascending order. (e.g. 239, 2357 etc.); Pythagoreans considered 100 as divinely divine because it is the square (10 x 10) of the divine decad; The standard SI prefix for a hundred is “hecto-“; 100 is the basis of percentages (per cent meaning “per hundred” in Latin), with 100% being a full amount and representing wholeness, purity, or perfection. One hundred is the Atomic Number of Fermium, a radioactive rare earth metal; One hundred is the molecular weight of Calcium Carbonate; The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius. Messier 100 is a perfect example of a grand design spiral galaxy, a type of galaxy with prominent and very well-defined spiral arms. These dusty structures swirl around the galaxy’s nucleus, and are marked by a flurry of star formation activity that dots Messier 100 with bright blue, high-mass stars. This image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope Most of the world’s currencies are divided into 100 sub-units; for example, one dollar or one euro is made up of one hundred cents, and one pound sterling is one hundred pence; The U.S. hundred-dollar bill (the largest US bill in print) has Benjamin Franklin’s portrait; American savings bonds of $100 have Thomas Jefferson’s portrait; American $100 treasury bonds have Andrew Jackson’s portrait; The FTSE 100, NASDAQ 100, etc., are financial tables of the top companies on the various stock exchanges. 100 is the number of yards in an American football field (not including the end zones); 100 is the minimum distance in yards for a Par 3 on a golf course; The 100 meters sprint is the race that brings with it the title of the fastest man in the world. Current holder is Jamaican superstar Usain Bolt; 100 points scored by Wilt Chamberlain is the record number of points scored in one NBA game by a single player in basketball game, achieved when Philadelphia Warrior defeated New York Knicks 169-147 on March 2, 1962 in Hershey, Pennsylvania. The 316 points by both teams surpassed the record of 312 when Boston defeated Minneapolis 173-139 on Feb. 27, 1959 in Boston. The Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) between France & England lasted 116 years. Ultimax 100 The Ultimax 100 is a squad automatic weapon / light machine gun. It was created by the small arms design team at Chartered Industries of Singapore (CIS; now Singapore Technologies Kinetics) Inc, that included American small arms designer James Sullivan, who previously worked for Armalite and participated in design of the AR-18 assault rifle. In 1982 it was adopted by the Singaporean army. The current production version is Ultimax 100 Mark 3. Designed and built by the Nambu Arms Manufacturing Company in Japan, the Type 100 Submachine gun was used during World War II, and the only submachine gun produced by Japan in any quantity. It was modeled on the famous Bergmann MP18 submachine gun. First samples were delivered to the Imperial Army in 1942 and in total some 30,000 were manufactured. The North American F-100 Super Sabre was a supersonic jet fighter aircraft that served with the United States Air Force (USAF) from 1954 to 1971 and with the Air National Guard (ANG) until 1979. The first of the Century Series collection of USAF jet fighters, it was the first USAF fighter capable of supersonic speed in level flight. The F-100 was originally designed by North American Aviation as a higher performance follow-on to the F-86 Sabre air superiority fighter. Adapted as a fighter bomber, the F-100 would be supplanted by the Mach 2 class F-105 Thunderchief for strike missions over North Vietnam. The F-100 flew extensively over South Vietnam as the Air Force’s primary close air support jet until replaced by the more efficient subsonic LTV A-7 Corsair II. The F-100 also served in other NATO air forces and with other U.S. allies. In its later life, it was often referred to as “the Hun,” a shortened version of “one hundred. This aircraft is now on display at the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force JF-100 NASA’s JF-100 Variable Stability Aircraft is a research aircraft about which very little information is readily available. Only scattered references of it remain in bits of documents and reports. The JF-100 was built from an Air Force F-100C by NASA’s Ames Research Center, and transferred to NASA’s Dryden Flight Research Center in 1960. The “J” designation refers to it being modified for special test missions, but not so extensively that it could not be returned to being a standard F-100. The aircraft obviously was acquired from the Air Force and carried the registration number 53-1709, but no information about its earlier career was available. The JF-100 was removed from service as a variable stability aircraft at NASA Dryden in 1964, but its final disposition could not be determined. The information is most likely buried in various reports somewhere, waiting to be rediscovered by a future researcher. F100 class frigates The Álvaro de Bazán class (also known as the F100 class of frigates) are a new class of Aegis combat system-equipped air defence frigates entering service with the Spanish Navy. They are being built in the Spanish factory of Navantia in Ferrol and are named after Admiral Álvaro de Bazán. The ships are fitted with American Aegis weapons technology allowing them to track hundreds of airborne targets simultaneously as part of its air defence network. The F100 Alvaro de Bazan class multi-role frigate is one of the few non-US warships to carry the Aegis Combat System and its associated AN/SPY-1 radar. Japan’s Kongo class, South Korea’s King Sejong the Great class, the F100-derived Norwegian Fridtjof Nansen class of frigates also use the Aegis system. Lockheed Martin, Navantia and the U.S. Navy are conducting final systems integration. Spanish Navy F 100 Class Frigate, Almirante Juan de Borbon Designed on the chasis of the T-34-85 tank, the tank hunter SU-100 was produced until March 1946 with a total number of 3037 units made. It was one of the most effective anti-tank units up to 1948. In 1960, the SU-100 was upgraded with the installation of a new enhanced B2-34M engine, fuel pump NK-10, air cleaners VTI-3, commander observation equipment TPKU-2B and driver’s night sight BVN, as well as radio sets 10RT-26E and TPU-47. The SU-100 was produced in Czechoslovakia and was in the inventory of several African and Middle East countries. The Arabs actively used it in military conflicts with Israel. Cities located at 100 degree longitude: Penang, Malaysia; Bangkok, Thailand; Monterrey, Mexico; Hecatonchires were giants with 100 arms and 50 heads each. They were born of Gaia & Uranus, and were stronger than even the Cyclopes. Their names were Cottus, Briareus, and Gyges; Gene McDaniels’ song A Hundred Pounds of Clay had highest hit #3 in 1961 Pop Charts; Joseph Haydn’s Symphony #100 in G Major is called “Military” (composed 1793-94); Room 100 is a 4-member male melodic rock band formed in 1982; Gathering of the 100 Gods occurs on the 19th day of the first lunar month; The first Chinese dictionary was written in 100 A.D.; The 100th day of the year (non-leap year) is April 10; On April 10, 1912, the Titanic set sail from Southampton, England, and hit the iceberg on 4-15-1912; The Century Plant is a Mexican agave (Agave americana) that blooms only once every “100 years” (folklore). In reality, it takes 10 years to bloom in warm regions and up to 60 years in colder climates; Centipedes are insects with “100 legs”; A Centenarian is someone over 100 years old. The number of Centenarians in the US increased from 37,306 (1990) to 50,454 (2000) according to the U.S. Census; the 180,000 centenarians worldwide (2000) is projected to reach 3.2 million by 2050; Polish Draughts is a 100-square board game played with 40 pieces. It is similar to the 64-square board game of Checkers; Roman numeral for 100 is C; Centennial is a 100th anniversary or its celebration; A Century is a period of 100 years; When a TV series reaches 100 episodes, it is generally considered viable for syndication; There are100 tiles in a standard Scrabble set; In Greece, India, Israel and Nepal, 100 is the police telephone number; In Belgium, 100 is the ambulance and firefighter telephone number; In United Kingdom, 100 is the operator telephone number; There are 100 pounds in an American short hundredweight.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2453
__label__wiki	0.878327	0.878327	HomePosts tagged 'Stephen C Joseph' Stephen C Joseph Significant Number Factoid Friday – Today The Number Is Fifty-Seven 57 March 29, 2013 April 5, 2013 fasab Factoids, Numbers, Uncategorized, Unusual 20th Century Fox Studios, 57, 57 Channels, 57 Chevy, 57th, 57th book, 57th Overlanders, 57th Psalm, 57th Street, 57th word, Agent 57, Alien Porkchops, Amy Sedaris, Andy Warstar, ARO IMS-57, astronauts, atlantic, atomic number, automobilia, Barack Hussein Obama, Barbados, Belgium, Biffy Clyro, Blum integer, books, Brian Duffy, Brian Keith, Brisbane, Bruce Springsteen, Bugatti, C-57D, Canberras, Carnegie Hall, Carolyn Jones, cars, Cartoon Network, Castro, CBS, CG 57, Chevrolet, Colombia, Comedy Central, constellation Lyra, cruiser, crusades, Cuban, Cubans, Dangermouse, David, disk jockeys, Douglas B-26, E Street Band, education, English Electric Canberra, Entertainment, Eraser, EURECA, European Retrievable Carrier, Exit 57, Fabulous 57, Falklands War, fast food dinner, fifty-seven, Five-seveN, Florida, FN Five-seven, FN Herstal, FN P90, Forbidden Planet, frigate, G David Low, GAZ, Genesis, Genesis I:1-4, George Selcamm, God, Gospel of John, Grothendieck prime, guided missile destroyer, H J Heinz, harp, Havana 57, Heinz 57, Henry John Heinz, HMS Andromeda, Human Touch, Incident on 57th Street, India, INS Krishna, Isaiah Chapter 57, Janice E Voss, Jodi Lennon, John Dalton, John Lasseter, Kennedy Space Center, kennedy space center florida, King James Version, Knights Templar, Korea, Lanthanides, Lanthanum, Leander-class, Leyland number, Lightning McQueen, Lord's Prayer, Martin B-57, Marvel Comics, master of disguise, mathematics, Maybach, Meredith Vieira, Messier object M57, Metalocalypse, meterological journal, Militaria, military, Misc, Miscellaneous, Mission Specialists, Mitch Rouse, Morocco, Moselle, movies, Mumbai, music, Nancy J Sherlock, New General Catalogue, new york, NGC 57, novel, Number 57, Old Testament, Passenger 57, Paul Dinello, Pereira, Peter J Wisoff, Pier 57, Pisces, Pixar, planetary nebula, President of the United States of America, prime number, Prop(osition) 57, Random, reed papyrus boat, religion, Revolution, Ring Nebula, Romnian, Ronald J. Grabe, Royal Navy, Russian, Safi, science, science experiments, Scream, Second Cod War, semi-automatic pistol, semiprime, Shure SM57, Shuttle-Spacelab mission, Slick 57, Southeast Asia, space, Space Shuttle Atlantis, Space Shuttle Endeavour, spaceship, spacewalk, Stephen C Joseph, Stephen Colbert, STS-57, Studio 57, Summer of Fifty Seven, Sweet Fairy Rose, t57, television series, The Avengers, the Bible, the Innocent and the E Street Shuffle, The Wild, Thor Heyerdahl, Thoughts, Ticonderoga class, Tiffanny, United States Navy, USAF, USS Lake Champlain, USS Mitscher, Vision, Wesley Snipes, West 57, WMCA 570 Radio, Woolworth Building, wristwatch Today’s significant number is fifty-seven, or treble nineteen if you are a darts enthusiast. As usual there is more to it than meets the eye. The Number Fifty-Seven 57 In the original complete King James Version of the Bible (not the abridged edition some use today), the 57th book is the Gospel of John. The 57th word of the King James Version of the Bible’s Old Testament Genesis = it (light) – Genesis I.1-4 In the 57th Psalm, David praises God with his harp in a cave. In Isaiah Chapter 57, God withholds peace to the wicked. Fifty-seven is the sixteenth discrete semiprime and the sixth in the (3.q) family. Although 57 is not a prime number, it is jokingly known as the “Grothendieck prime” after a story in which Grothendieck supposedly gave it as an example of a particular prime number. As a semiprime, 57 is a Blum integer since its two prime factors are both Gaussian primes. 57 is a 20-gonal number. It is a Leyland number since 25 + 52 = 57. 57 is a repdigit in base 7 (111). 57 is the atomic number of Lanthanum (La), the first of the Lanthanides. Lanthanum is a silvery white, malleable, ductile rare-earth metal. Messier object M57 Messier object M57, is a magnitude 9.5 planetary nebula in the constellation Lyra, also known as the Ring Nebula. NGC 57 The New General Catalogue object NGC 57, an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Pisces. STS-57 was a Shuttle-Spacehab mission of Space Shuttle Endeavour that launched 21 June 1993 from Kennedy Space Center, Florida. On board were Ronald J. Grabe(Commander), Brian Duffy (pilot), and Mission Specialists G. David Low (Payload Commander), Nancy J. Sherlock, Peter J. Wisoff and Janice E. Voss. During the course of the ten-day flight, the astronauts successfully conducted scores of biomedical and materials sciences experiments inside the pressurized SPACEHAB module. Two astronauts participated in a spacewalk and EURECA (European Retrievable Carrier) was retrieved by the crew and stowed inside Endeavour’s payload bay. EURECA was deployed from the Space Shuttle Atlantis in the summer of 1992 and contains several experiments to study the long-term effects of exposure to microgravity. In books, music and movies In the first storyboard draft for Pixar’s film Cars, the main character, a race car named Lightning McQueen was going to have number 57 as his racing number, in reference to director John Lasseter’s birthdate, January 12, 1957. But in the final cut, Lightning’s racing number changed to 95. The climax of the movie Eraser occurs on Pier 57 C-57D is the designation of the spaceship featured in the movie Forbidden Planet, and is referenced in the movie Serenity as well. Passenger 57, is a film starring Wesley Snipes There are supposed to be 57 movie references in the movie Scream Havana 57 is a 2012 movie depicting mainstream Cuban life in 1957 and illustrating the destruction Cubans have endured since the Castro regime took power in the Revolution Summer of Fifty Seven is a 2005 novel by Stephen C. Joseph, M.D. Marvel Comics’ character Vision debuts in issue #57 of The Avengers The Fabulous 57 were disk jockeys on WMCA 570 Radio, New York during the 1960s Agent 57 is the name of the master of disguise in the television series Dangermouse Exit 57, a sketch comedy show that aired on Comedy Central from 1995-96 featured Stephen Colbert, Paul Dinello, Jodi Lennon, Mitch Rouse and Amy Sedaris The 57th Overlanders is a fictional brigade mentioned in the television series Firefly. West 57 was a weekly news-magazine show on CBS, 1985–89, hosted by Meredith Vieira The Cartoon Network program Metalocalypse has a fictional television station WHYK-57 The Robot Chicken sketch “Pluto Nash Day” notes that 57 people at 20th Century Fox Studios died amid rioting and suicide A Robot Chicken parody of the NBC TV series Heroes uses the episode title “Chapter Fifty-seven: Uncle Glen” Studio 57 was a dramatic anthology series in 1954, starring Brian Keith and Carolyn Jones Incident on 57th Street is a song by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band, from their 1973 album, “The Wild, the Innocent and the E Street Shuffle” 57 Channels (and Nothin’ On), a song by Bruce Springsteen, from his 1992 album “Human Touch” “57” is the name of a song by Biffy Clyro on their 2002 debut album, Blackened Sky Model Shure SM57 is considered the workhorse of recording microphones Slick 57 is an Alternative country band Studio 57 Productions, record label of Andy Warstar and the Warstars, which produced Alien Porkchops in Brisbane 57th Street is a novel (1971) by George Selcamm about professional musicians, the forces that drive them to search for perfection and recognition along with the hunger for love. In automobilia 57 is the model name of a Maybach car Bugatti also produced models designated T57 including Chevrolet model 57, better known as the ’57 Chevy The Romnian ARO IMS-57 was produced from 1957 until 1959; around 2000 units were made. It is considered that ARO IMS-57 was inspired from the Russian model GAZ USS Lake Champlain (CG 57) USS Lake Champlain (CG 57), a Ticonderoga class cruiser in the United States Navy and the third ship to be named Lake Champlain HMS Andromeda (F-57) HMS Andromeda was a Leander-class frigate of the Royal Navy. She took part in the Falklands War and The Second Cod War and was sold to India in 1995, where she was renamed INS Krishna. She was finally decommissioned in May 2012 at Mumbai, 44 years to the day after her launch. USS MITSCHER DDG 57 The USS Mitscher is a United States Navy guided missile destroyer. Martin B-57 A replacement for the Douglas B-26, the Martin B-57 was a light tactical bomberand a by-product of the English Electric Canberra, the first British-built jet bomber, initially flown in 1949. Testing of the 2 imported Canberras revealed design faults that could affect the safety, utility, and maintenance of the future B-57. Then, one of the British planes crashed; Martin’s subcontractors could not meet their commitments; and the J65 prototype engines consistently failed to satisfy USAF requirements. In June 1952, further test flights had to be postponed for a year because of continuing engine and cockpit troubles. As a result, the Korea-bound B-57 did not fly before 20 July 1953, just 7 days before the conflict ended. Production of the crucial RB-57 (reconnaissance version) was also delayed and only entered service in mid-1954 Delivered too late for combat in Korea, the RB-57 in May 1963 and the B-57 in February 1965 began to demonstrate under fire in Southeast Asia the basic qualities justifying the Canberra’s original selection. In 1970, other reactivated and newly equipped B-57s, known as Tropic Moon III B-57Gs, were deployed to Southeast Asia, where they made valuable contributions until April 1972. FN Five-seven The FN Five-seven, trademarked as the Five-seveN, is a semi-automatic pistol designed and manufactured by FN Herstal in Belgium. The pistol is named for its 5.7-mm (.224 in) bullet diameter, and the trademark capitalization style is intended to emphasize the manufacturer’s initials—FN. The Five-seven pistol was developed in conjunction with the FN P90 personal defense weapon (the weapon carried by SG-1 in the TV series “Stargate SG-1” and the FN 5.7×28mm cartridge. The P90 was introduced in 1990, and the Five-seven was introduced in 1998 as a pistol using the same 5.7×28mm ammunition. Developed as a companion pistol to the P90, the Five-seven shares many of its design features: it is a lightweight polymer-based weapon with a large magazine capacity, ambidextrous controls, low recoil, and the ability to penetrate body armor when using certain cartridge types. Sales of the Five-seven were originally restricted by FN to military and law enforcement customers, but since 2004, the pistol has also been offered to civilian shooters for personal protection, target shooting, and similar uses. Although offered only with sporting ammunition, the Five-seven’s introduction to civilian shooters was met with vocal opposition from gun control organizations such as the Brady Campaign, and the pistol has been subject to ongoing controversy in the United States. The Five-seven is currently in service with military and police forces in over 40 nations, such as Canada, France, Greece, India, Poland, Spain, and the United States. In the United States, the Five-seven is in use with numerous law enforcement agencies, including the U.S. Secret Service. In the years since the pistol’s introduction to the civilian market in the United States, it has also become increasingly popular with civilian shooters Heinz 57, is a brand of sauce, and the number of varieties of foods claimed to be produced by the H.J. Heinz Company. In 1896, Henry John Heinz noticed an advertisement for “21 styles of shoes.” He decided that his own products were not styles, but varieties. Although there were many more than 57 foods in production at the time, because the numbers “5” and “7” held a special significance for him and his wife, he adopted the slogan “57 Varieties.” Thus, a new advertising campaign was launched for Heinz 57 Varieties— and the rest is history! “Prop(osition) 57”, is one of a number of anti-ketchup packet groups on Facebook designed to bring attention to the shortcomings of take-out condiment packaging; its name is a reference to Heinz Co., which debuted a new design in test markets in early 2010 57 is the name of a fast food dinner in Pereira, Colombia Tiffanny produces a stylish wristwatch model t57 57 is the number of the French department Moselle The Woolworth Building at 233 Broadway, New York City, has 57 floors. Carnegie Hall is a concert hall located at West 57th Street & 7th Avenue in Manhattan, New York City. 57th Street & 6th Avenue is an IND subway station in Manhattan, New York City. 57 is the code for international direct dial phone calls to Colombia British scientist John Dalton (1766-1844) who developed the atomic theory of matter, kept a meterological journal for 57 years from 1787 to 1844. The Sweet Fairy Rose is a cupped flower that opens flat into a rosette shape has 57 petals. It is 16 inches tall with mauve light lavender color, and is exceedingly fragrant. During the Crusades, the Knights Templar (founded 1118) who could not attend choir were required to say the Lord’s Prayer 57 times a day. In 1970, Thor Heyerdahl (1914-2002) crossed the Atlantic (3270 nautical miles) from Safi, Morocco to Barbados in 57 days on a reed papyrus boat. Oh yes, And finally, Barack Hussein Obama, two term President of the United States of America thinks the country he is in charge of has 57 states.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2454
__label__wiki	0.646218	0.646218	HomeThe Royal Navy and the Fighting Instructions The Royal Navy and the Fighting Instructions March 30, 2015 March 30, 2015 W.E. Linde British Historybritish military history, fighting instructions, history, military history, naval history, navy, navy history, royal navy, warfare The Battle of Leghorn, 4 March 1653 (Willem van Diest, mid-17th Century) European fleet commanders learned during the first Anglo-Dutch War (1652–54) that once close combat began between ships, effective control of large numbers of fighting vessels was nearly impossible. The Royal Fighting Instructions were intended to provide guidance to British admiralty and their fighting ships, effectively creating a command and control doctrine. With roots stretching back to the 16th Century, the overall objective of the instructions were to enable the “better ordering and managing the fleet in fighting.”[1] While the earliest forms of the Instructions (such as the Commonwealth Orders, 1648) scarcely provide anything more than broad guidance for a limited number of scenarios, we see some evolution as British Naval authorities attempted to standardize guidance for increasingly complex engagements over subsequent decades. All of the Fighting Instructions provide guidance on actions to take upon encountering an unknown fleet. Initial contact directives evolve somewhat into a more orderly process over the years. In 1653, general guidance is given that “they” are to approach the fleet and determine size and intent. Apparently these early instructions did not specify whether one, some, or all of the fleet would be involved in this action. Subsequent revisions specify “two frigates” will be responsible for this task, and ultimately that “one frigate appointed out of each squadron” were responsible.[2] Once the Admiral ordered an attack, the Instructions dictated how the King’s fleet should respond to various situations or specified commands. As with the initial contact orders example, we see some adjustments between the 1653 instructions and the more complete instructions from the mid to late 1700s. For example, the 1653 Commonwealth Orders state that any enemy vessel captured was to be burned immediately so that “our own ships be not disabled or any work interrupted by the departing of men or boats from the ships.”[3] By 1665, this order was replaced with instructions to leave the vessel if fighting was still ongoing, allowing for action against the disabled vessel afterwards.[4] This demonstrated a maturation of the Fighting Instructions to provide better control over time, as the aforementioned lead-in sentence indicated. Perhaps the original guidance to immediately burn the enemy ship was breaking the commanding admirals’ lines, and so modifications were given to ensure that ships in the line did not unexpectedly depart to sink now nonthreatening vessels while firepower was needed elsewhere. We see a similar evolution in regards to caring for a disabled British frigate. Supplementary Instructions from 1650 ordered that when a friendly ship was “distressed or disabled” or in danger of sinking that the ships next to it should immediately make toward the vessel to assist.[5] However, again perhaps because this order to aid resulted in unexpected and/or unnecessary breaks in the order of battle, this command was made much more specific. The Fighting Instructions of the Duke of York in 1665 clarify that if a royal ship is “not being in probability of sinking nor encompassed by the enemy, the following ships shall not stay under pretence of securing them…”[6] Following the First Anglo-Dutch War, the Fighting Instructions slowly evolve in order to achieve a balance between the admiral’s need to know where his vessels are and how he should expect them to respond, with an individual captain’s need for flexibility in the midst of combat. For example, the Commonwealth Instructions from 1653 state that, once fighting commenced, “ships of every squadron shall endeavour to keep in a line with the chief.”[7] Similarly, the Duke of York’s Additional Instructions of 1665 repeat this: “In all cases of fight with the enemy the commanders of his majesty’s ships are to endeavour to keep the fleet in one line.”[8] The Battle of Virginia Capes, 1962 by V. Zveg (US Navy employee) But despite the value of maintaining the order of battle, by 1740, Admiral Vernon’s Additional Instructions allow for some decentralized flexibility: “And as it is morally impossible to fix any general rule to occurrences that must be regulated from the weather and the enemy’s disposition, this is left to the respective captain’s judgment that shall be ordered out of the line to govern himself by as becomes an officer of prudence, and as he will answer the contrary at his peril.”[9] So while the Instructions may have been somewhat cumbersome, we do witness a maturation in this attempt to codify an admiral’s ability to control his fleet in combat. Within these documents, there appears to be an expectation that naval officers, particularly captains, are familiar with the Instructions. In several instances, severe punishment is promised for any abrogation of these rules. Even the earliest Supplementary Instructions from 1650 state that commanders and masters of “small frigates, ketches and smacks” were to know the disposition of enemy fireships, and to prevent them from engaging the fleet. If unsuccessful, they were to fight them directly, “the neglect thereof strictly and severely called to account.”[10] This warning is repeated throughout the years. Even a death sentence is threatened specifically for commanders who fire cannon over friendly vessels.[11] This expected knowledge in indicative of a growing naval professionalism quite separate from land forces. Sources: Fighting Instructions, 1530-1816: Publications Of The Navy Records Society Vol. XXIX (Archive.org) [1] This opening line is present on several iterations of the Instructions. Royal Navy Fighting Instructions, from Fighting Instructions, 1530-1816, ed. Julian S. Corbett (Naval Records Society, 1905) 1. [2] Ibid, 2, 3-4, 9. [3] Ibid, 5. [7] Royal Navy Fighting Instructions, ibid, 4. [10] Ibid, 3. ← Military Intelligence History: Ciphers in WWII ENIGMA and SIGABA. Richmond Captured, April 3 1865 #OTD →	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2457
__label__wiki	0.625898	0.625898	HomeMilitary Theory and the U.S. Civil War (Part 2): The Union Military Theory and the U.S. Civil War (Part 2): The Union May 4, 2015 May 3, 2015 W.E. Linde US Civil War, US History, US Military Historyamerican history, civil war, history, Lincoln, military history, military theory This steroprint, entitled “Tending wounded Union soldiers at Savage’s Station, Virginia, during the Peninsular Campaign”, includes soldiers who fought at Gaines Mills, during the Seven Days battles. First, let’s look at the evidence as it relates to the Union to determine whether there was any adherence to a guiding military theory, Jominian or otherwise. In With a Sword in One Hand and Jomini in the Other, Carol Reardon casts doubts on whether Jomini’s ideas had any significant influence over the decisions of Lincoln’s military leaders. When rebellion appeared inevitable, she traces a hypothetical search of Jomini’s types of wars by Lincoln’s first general-in-chief. The conflict before General Winfield Scott did not neatly fall into any of Jomini’s definitions. As Reardon observes, Jomini does briefly address “civil wars,” in which he states that a government “may find it necessary to use force against its own subjects in order to crush out factions which would weaken the authority of the throne and the national strength.” But even had Scott, or McClellan, or even Lincoln looked to Jomini, they would have found his advice in such matters to be nearly nonexistent.[1] In addition, the United States military did not possess the kind of general staff that Jomini – and much of Europe – prescribed.[2] Once the Union army was finally set in motion, the public and even her soldiers were often unable to discern any strategy over the subsequent years. Perhaps telling of the general opaqueness of Northern strategy, the 22 June 1864 edition of The Soldier’s Journal printed an explanation of a commonly heard tactic often confusingly used in strategic discussions: “The rank and file have a pretty good appreciation of the strategy of the campaign. They understand that it has been a series of splendid flank movements, and flanking ‘became the current Joke with which to account for everything from a night march to the capture of a sheep or pig. A poor fellow, terribly wounded, yesterday, said he saw the shell coming, ‘but hadn’t time to flank it.'”[3] The greatest indication of whether the Union followed Jominian, or any other, theory should come from an analysis of the actual strategy followed throughout the war. If Davis Donald’s assertion is valid, then something of Jomini’s ideas should be reflected in the Union’s operations. What guided Lincoln and his line of Generals to act as they did between 1861 and 1865? Did their operations conform to an overall strategy that reflected a coherent military theory? Abraham Lincoln on battlefield at Antietam, with General McClellan and staff. Did Union leadership adhere to cogent military theory? From the outset, President Lincoln was sensitive to the fragile neutrality declared by the Border States – Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri. This political situation complicated war planning from the beginning. In Maryland, riots broke out on April 18, 1861, as pro-secessionists protested the movement of troops into Washington D.C.[4] In response, President Lincoln and General Winfield Scott, despite their concerns of a potential uprising in the capital or an invasion from the South, ordered that troops should march around Baltimore instead of traveling through the city.[5] In Kentucky, Lincoln initially hesitated to deploy Federal forces because of the fear such action would stoke sympathies with the South. In July 1861, he drafted a letter to the Inspector General of the Kentucky State Guard, assuring him that he had no intention of sending troops to his home state at that time.[6] It wasn’t until after state elections in August, which demonstrated that Kentucky retained significant Union support, that Lincoln authorized a force be sent to the state, despite the objections from the governor.[7] This sensitive environment had a direct effect on the North’s ability to coordinate any kind of cohesive strategy that emphasized the quick massing of forces to concentrate on the enemy’s “fractions.” Lincoln understood this, and pressed his generals to find a way to be aggressive while minding the political realities the Union faced. With a clear superiority of men and materiel, the Union soon determined to use its navy to gain control of the Mississippi River, which would split the Confederacy, the Atlantic coastline of the Eastern states, and New Orleans on the Gulf of Mexico. Firmly encircled, Lincoln thought to push all around the South’s periphery until the Southern army was exhausted. Eventually dubbed “Scott’s Anaconda Plan” (in spite of the fact that General Scott actually opposed the idea), this strategy required patience, and flew in the face of the popular understanding of Jominian and European warfare.[8] Even as this plan took shape, pressure grew in the North to take action, particularly with an enemy force literally in sight of Washington. Yet due to the sensitive situation in Maryland, it took three months after the fall of Fort Sumter in April 1861 to put together a 35,000-strong army to march south to try and seize the strategic Manassas Junction near Bull Run. Ideally, the Union force would have been much larger, but pressure from a public hungry for action eventually forced Scott’s hand. In addition, President Lincoln’s concern over the Border States and a potential attack on the capital sapped manpower from the army to be led by General Irvin McDowell (West Point Class of 1938).[9] General Irvin McDowell led Union forces against the fledgling Confederate army at First Mananas. General McDowell proposed an approach to Bull Run that circled around the entrenched Confederate forces, which targeted the rail system that connected Manassas with Richmond. His intent was to threaten the Confederates, led by P.G.T. Beauregard, with isolation from Richmond.[10] The plan was complicated, but McDowell’s peers and superiors approved it. In Jominian terms, the decisive points had been determined within the theater of war. McDowell’s base of operations could be said to have stretched from Washington DC, or possibly immediately across the river at Alexandria, which the Union secured upon departing for Manassas. Despite competent planning and a respectable initial execution, McDowell’s operations eventually broke down under the weight of the fog and friction of war. The Union general faced the unexpected combination of Beauregard’s and Joe Johnston’s forces, and so his ability to ascertain decisive points suffered greatly. Instead of flanking the main Confederate force and striking a fraction of the enemy with the mass of his own, his forces wound up engaging a concentrated foe. As the bloody conflict shifted to Henry Hill, the Union forces started to break down. The commander of a Union light artillery battery described how after almost a full day of combat, a mass of several thousand men without distinguishing colors rapidly closed in. At first, the troops were thought to be Union soldiers. Suddenly, the battery found itself under fire. “We had been surprised, and the enemy was close upon us in large numbers.”[11] By the early evening, Union forces were forced to fall back. McDowell’s forces retreated back to Washington in a disorganized mess. Certainly, the Union general had to deal with challenges that Jomini and other famed European theorists famously ignored, such as the quality of troops. In the rush “on to Richmond” McDowell had been outfitted with raw recruits and had little time to train them. What might he had done with a more seasoned force is a matter of conjecture. The Federal action at Bull Run does arguably demonstrate the exercise of Jominian theory at the operational level. In addition, since Winfield Scott anticipated a victory that would open the way for a march on the Confederate capital at Richmond, the operation was planned to serve a strategic purpose that is arguably a reflection of Jominian theory. However, the route at Bull Run stumped the leadership in Washington, and whether by design or accident, the following years saw little in the way of a cohesive strategy. Lincoln now had to contend with an emboldened rebellion, and not just in the South. Concerns arose that secessionists in the Border States might rally to the victorious Confederate cause. “We have just heard of the reverses our arms have sustained in Virginia and we anticipate a large increase of courage if not numbers in the rebels,” wrote an officer of the Missouri volunteer forces just days after Bull Run. ”North Missouri is throroughly [sic] indoctrinated with sublimated political themes at war with all government and now while the popular pride is aroused, may be easily set in flames.”[12] Lincoln had to move, but in a way that brought victory as quickly as possible without eroding the loyalty of the Border States. General George McClellan stepped into the role of general-in-chief after General Scott retired on November 1, 1861. His General George McClellan. first plan of action was to attempt to concentrate forces for an attack on Virginia. In order to successfully execute Lincoln’s objectives, he needed the entire military apparatus to be unified into a single whole, and not operated piecemeal as even Lincoln recognized the case to be at the time.[13] This concept can certainly be traced to Jomini. But McClellan’s plans ran into the political snares Lincoln had been struggling with since the start of the war. The forces McClellan intended to draw to Washington were stationed in and around the Border States. Pro-Union politicians complained that moving these forces exposed their states to threats, and eventually McClellan had to alter his plans. Interestingly, this consisted of pressuring the South from all directions, which sounds quite a bit like “Scott’s Anaconda Plan.”[14] Against his better judgment, it seemed, McClellan was forces to operate outside of a Jominian paradigm. General McClellan’s most notorious action was his conduct of the Peninsula Campaign, wherein he attempted a feint of sorts against Richmond. He planned to attack the Confederate capital by an amphibious operation rather than approach overland. When McClellan finally began his movement in April 2012, his actions displayed little evidence that he incorporated any military theory at all, much less any Jominian influence. McClellan’s penchant for delay and exaggeration were both on display. After arriving at Yorktown on 3 April, Union forces seized positions outside the town. By 5 April they traded artillery fire with the Confederates. But rather than continue his advance, the general opted to fortify his position by building earthworks. This move surprised Confederate Major General J. Bankhead Magruder, who had expected the Northerners to press forward with their superior numbers.[15] The delay allowed for Confederate reinforcements to arrive, which fueled McClellan’s belief that he was outnumbered, although even by 12 April he continued to maintain a 3 to 1 advantage over the rebels. Blaming poor weather and a lack of wagons, his further delay continued to cost him, as by 17 April General Joseph Johnston arrived, bringing the defender’s numbers to 53,000 (compared to the roughly 100,000 strong Union Army). [16] On 3 May, exactly one month after arriving at Yorktown, Confederate forces fell back toward Richmond rather than face bombardment from McClellan’s siege. McClellan ordered a pursuit, but it was slow. Although his approach and the arrival of Union gunboats outside of Richmond caused a partial evacuation of the city, the Federal naval forces were forced to turn away by the prepared Confederate defenses.[17] From 25 June – 1 July, 1862, Union and Confederate forces slugged it out in what became known as the Seven Days. Within days of what was to be the final great battle of the Civil War, McClellan turned his forces back toward the James River and retreated. The failure of the Peninsula Campaign demonstrated that the Union’s one time general-in-chief (he had been removed from that post only four months after stepping into it), who was hailed early on in the conflict as a master of the art of war, was unable to put anything resembling theory into practice. From the beginning, McClellan was at odds with Lincoln on how to prosecute the campaign. Although Richmond may have been the desired target of both the president and McClellan, there was little beyond that on which they agreed. The theater of war had been selected (Jomini’s first point of strategy), but McClellan seemed incapable of identifying the decisive points favorable to his operations (point 2). The general’s selected zone of operations could scarcely have been worse: when his forces approached Norfolk, he learned that the city had emptied and the river forsaken, which offered the ability to close on Richmond via the river instead of crossing over the swamplands of the Chickahominy.[18] Bafflingly, McClellan refused, and this may have contributed to the inability of Union forces to take Richmond since the Navy was not able to coordinate their attack with McCleallan’s ground forces. McClellan’s failures as wartime commander, brilliant in academics and planning but ineffective on the battlefield, did little to advance a competent Northern strategy, Jominian or otherwise. [1] Antoine Jomini, The Art of War, trans. H. Mendell and W. P. Craighill (Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, 1879), 23. [2] Carol Reardon, With a Sword in One Hand and Jomini in the Other : The Problem of Military Thought in the Civil War North, (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2012), 19. [3] “Flanking,” The Soldiers’ Journal (Richmond, VA), 22 June 1864. [4] George W. Brown and Thomas H. Hicks to Abraham Lincoln, Thursday, April 18, 1861, The Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress. [5] Lincoln To Thomas H. Hicks and George W. Brown, April 20. 1861, Collection IV. [6] Abraham Lincoln to Simon B. Buckner, Wednesday, July 10, 1861 (Kentucky Neutrality), The Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress. [7] Abraham Lincoln to Beriah Magoffin, Saturday, August 24, 1861 (Reply to Magoffin’s letter of August 19), The Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress. [8] Carol Reardon, With a Sword, 22. [10] William C.C Davis, Battle at Bull Run: A History of the First Major Campaign of the Civil War (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1977), 73-74. [11] Henry J. Hunt, Report of Light Battery M, Second Artillery, U.S.A., under command of Major Henry J. Hunt : Battle of Bull Run, July 21st, 1861 [Washington, D.C.?], [1861], 2. [12] John M. Palmer to Lyman Trumbull, Wednesday, July 24, 1861 (Situation in Missouri; Endorsed by Abraham Lincoln, July 31, 1861). Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress. [13] Carol Reardon, With a Sword, 27. [14] Ethan S. Rafuse, “McClellan and Halleck at War: The Struggle for Control of the Union War Effort in the West, November 1861-March 1862,” Civil War History, Vol. 49 Issue 1 (March 2003): 34. [15] Major General Magruder’s Report on the Operations on the Peninsula, 1862, 5. [16] James Ford Rhodes, “The First Six Weeks of McClellan’s Peninsular Campaign,” The American Historical Review, Vol. 1, No. 3 (Apr 1896): 466. [17] Ibid, 470-471. ← Clausewitz, Jomini, and the Birth of Modern Strategy “Shall I arrest Colonel Taylor?” Confusion in Alexandria, May 1861 → 3 thoughts on “Military Theory and the U.S. Civil War (Part 2): The Union” groovy historian says: thanks for sharing important history W.E. Linde says: I appreciate that! And thank you, as well. I’ve watched a couple of your videos. Very interesting topics. thank you pal no worries have a great and groovy day	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2458
__label__wiki	0.755302	0.755302	Advanced steam technology Sentinel-Cammell steam railcar Advanced steam technology (sometimes known as modern steam) reflects an approach to the technical development of the steam engine intended for a wider variety of applications than has recently been the case. Particular attention has been given to endemic problems that led to the demise of steam power in small- to medium-scale commercial applications: excessive pollution, maintenance costs, labour-intensive operation, low power/weight ratio, and low overall thermal efficiency; where steam power has generally now been superseded by the internal combustion engine or by electrical power drawn from an electrical grid. The only steam installations that are in widespread use are the highly efficient thermal power plants used for generating electricity on a large scale. In contrast, the proposed steam engines may be for stationary, road, rail or marine use. Improving steam tractionEdit Although most references to "Modern Steam" apply to developments since the 1970s, certain aspects of advanced steam technology can be discerned throughout the 20th century, notably automatic boiler control along with rapid startup. Abner DobleEdit Main article: Doble steam car In 1922 Abner Doble developed an electro-mechanical system that reacted simultaneously to steam temperature and pressure, starting and stopping the feed pumps whilst igniting and cutting out the burner according to boiler pressure.[1] The contraflow monotube boiler had a working pressure of 750 psi (5.17 MPa) to 1,200 psi (8.27 MPa) but contained so little water in circulation as to present no risk of explosion. This type of boiler was continuously developed in the US, Britain and Germany throughout the 1930s and into the 1950s for use in cars, buses, trucks, railcars, shunting locomotives (US; switchers), a speedboat and in 1933, a converted Travel Air 2000 biplane.[2][3] SentinelEdit In the UK, Sentinel Waggon Works developed a vertical water-tube boiler running at 275 psi (1.90 MPa) which was used in road vehicles, shunting locomotives and railcars. Steam could be raised much more quickly than with a conventional locomotive boiler. Holcroft and AndersonEdit Trials of the Anderson condensing system on the Southern Railway (Great Britain) took place between 1930 and 1935. Condensing apparatus has not been widely used on steam locomotives, because of the additional complexity and weight, but it offers four potential advantages: Improved thermal efficiency Reduced water consumption Reduced boiler maintenance for limescale removal Reduced noise The Anderson condensing system uses a process known as mechanical vapor recompression. It was devised by a Glasgow marine engineer, Harry Percival Harvey Anderson.[4] The theory was that, by removing around 600 of the 970 British thermal units present in each pound of steam (1400 of the 2260 kilojoules in each kilogram), it would be possible to return the exhaust steam to the boiler by a pump which would consume only 1-2% of the engine's power output. Between 1925 and 1927 Anderson, and another Glasgow engineer John McCullum (some sources give McCallum), conducted experiments on a stationary steam plant with encouraging results. A company, Steam Heat Conservation (SHC), was formed and a demonstration of Anderson's system was arranged at Surbiton Electricity Generating Station. SHC was interested in applying the system to a railway locomotive and contacted Richard Maunsell of the Southern Railway. Maunsell requested that a controlled test be carried out at Surbiton and this was done about 1929. Maunsell's technical assistant, Harold Holcroft, was present and a fuel saving of 29% was recorded, compared to conventional atmospheric working. The Southern Railway converted SECR N class locomotive number A816 (later 1816 and 31816) to the Anderson system in 1930. The locomotive underwent trials and initial results were encouraging. After an uphill trial from Eastleigh to Litchfield Summit, Holcroft is reported as saying: "In the ordinary way this would have created much noise and clouds of steam, but with the condensing set in action it was all absorbed with the ease with which snow would melt in a furnace! The engine was as silent as an electric locomotive and the only faint noises were due to slight pounding of the rods and a small blow at a piston gland. This had to be experienced to be believed; but for the regulator being wide open and the reverser well over, one would have imagined that the second engine (an LSWR T14 class that had been provided as a back-up) was propelling the first".[5] The trials continued until 1934 but various problems arose and the project went no further. The locomotive was converted back to standard form in 1935.[6] Andre ChapelonEdit The work of French mechanical engineer Andre Chapelon in applying scientific analysis and a strive for thermal efficiency was an early example of advanced steam technology.[7][8] Chapelon's protégé Livio Dante Porta continued Chapelon's work.[7] Livio Dante PortaEdit Postwar in the late 1940s and 1950s some designers worked on modernising steam locomotives. The Argentinian engineer Livio Dante Porta in the development of Stephensonian railway locomotives incorporating advanced steam technology was a precursor of the 'Modern Steam' movement from 1948.[9]:3–6 Where possible, Porta much preferred to design new locomotives, but more often in practice he was forced to radically update old ones to incorporate the new technology. Bulleid and RiddlesEdit In Britain the SR Leader class of c. 1949 by Oliver Bulleid and the British Rail ‘Standard’ class steam locomotives of the 1950s by Robert Riddles, particularly the BR Standard Class 9F, were used to trial new steam locomotive design features, including the Franco-Crosti boiler. On moving to Ireland, Bulleid also designed CIÉ No. CC1 which had many novel features. Achieving the endsEdit The Sir Biscoe Tritton Lecture, given by Roger Waller, of the DLM company [10] to the Institute of Mechanical Engineers in 2003[11] gives an idea of how problems in steam power are being addressed. Waller refers mainly to some rack and pinion mountain railway locomotives that were newly built from 1992-98. They were developed for three companies in Switzerland and Austria, and continued to work on two of these lines as of 2008[update]. The new steam locomotives burn the same grade of light oil as their diesel counterparts, and all demonstrate the same advantages of ready availability and reduced labour cost; at the same time they have been shown to greatly reduce air and ground pollution. Their economic superiority has meant that they have largely replaced the diesel locomotives and railcars previously operating the line; additionally, steam locomotives are a tourist attraction. A parallel line of development was the return to steam power of the old Lake Geneva paddle steamer Montreux that had been refitted with a diesel-electric engine in the 1960s.[12] Economic aims similar to those achieved with the rack locomotives were pursued through automatic control of the light-oil-fired boiler and remote control of the engine from the bridge, enabling the steamship to be operated by a crew of the same size as a motor ship. ChecklistEdit All this can be summed up as follows on the basis of the DLM company prospectus:[13] Modern Steam stands for a new economic and ecologic steam technology, providing the following advantages: One-person operation for steam locomotives Automatic boiler and remote-controlled steam engine for ships Light-oil firing with clean combustion Low cost of ownership providing good return on investment High thermal efficiency of engine and boiler High-level insulation of boiler, steam engine and piping Modular concept and exchangeable parts Up-to-date bearing technology reducing maintenance and protecting the environment - To which may be added: Ready availability for use Can also be used as part of a cogeneration system with a petrol, diesel or gas turbine engine Lends itself well to combined heat and power (CHP) operation Can exploit geothermal sources of steam Carbon neutralityEdit A power unit based on advanced steam technology burning fossil fuel will inevitably emit carbon dioxide, a long-lasting greenhouse gas. However, significant reductions, compared to other combustion technologies, of other pollutants such as CO and NOx are achievable by steam technology, which does not involve explosive combustion,[14] without the need for add-ons such as filters etc. or special preparation of fuel. If renewable fuel such as wood or other biofuel is used then the system could be carbon neutral. The use of biofuel remains controversial; however, liquid biofuels are easier to manufacture for steam plant than for diesels as they do not demand the stringent fuel standards required to protect diesel injectors. It has been proposed [15] that, given sufficient solar energy, silicon compounds — or even regular biomass processed into solid fuel through torrefaction — might be refined for use as a coal replacement for this type of engine. Advantages of advanced steam technologyEdit In principle, combustion and power delivery of steam plant can be considered as separate stages. While high overall thermal efficiency may be difficult to achieve, largely due to the extra stage of generating a working fluid between combustion and power delivery attributable mainly to leakages and heat losses,[9]:54–61 the separation of the processes allows specific problems to be addressed at each stage without revising the whole system every time. For instance, the boiler or steam generator can be adapted to use any heat source, whether obtained from solid, liquid or gaseous fuel, and can use waste heat. Whatever the choice, it will have no direct effect on the design of the engine unit, as that only ever has to deal with steam. Early twenty-first centuryEdit Small-scale stationary plantEdit This project mainly includes combined electrical generation and heating systems for private homes and small villages burning wood or bamboo chips. This is intended to replace 2-stroke donkey engines and small diesel power plants. Drastic reduction in noise level is one immediate benefit of a steam-powered small plant. Ted Pritchard, of Melbourne, Australia, was intensively developing this type of unit from 2002 until his death in 2007. The company Pritchard Power (now Uniflow Power) [16] stated in 2010 that they continue to develop the stationary S5000, and that a prototype had been built and was being tested, and designs were being refined for market ready products.[17] Until 2006 a German company called Enginion was actively developing a Steamcell, a micro CHP unit about the size of a PC tower for domestic use. It seems that by 2008 it had merged with Berlin company AMOVIS.[18][19] Since 2012, a French company, EXOES, is selling to industrial firms a Rankine Cycle, patented, engine, which is designed to work with many fuels such as concentrated solar power, biomass, or fossil. The system, called "SHAPE" for Sustainable Heat And Power Engine, converts the heat into electricity. The SHAPE engine is suitable for embedded, and stationary, applications. A SHAPE engine has been integrated into a biomass boiler, and into a Concentrated solar power system. The company is planning to work with automobile manufactures, long-haul truck manufactures, and railway corporations.[20] A similar unit is marketed by Powertherm,[21] a subsidiary of Spilling (see below). A company in India [22] manufactures steam powered generators in a range of sizes from 4 hp to 50 hp. They also offer a number of different mills that can be powered by their engines. In matter of technology, notice that the Quasiturbine is a uniflow rotary steam engine where steam intakes in hot areas, while exhausting in cold areas. Small ship auxiliaries and large portable generatorsEdit Once again quiet operation is the immediate benefit sought in this field, a potential recognised by Ted Pritchard, but nothing of note has yet appeared. Small fixed stationary plantEdit The Spilling company produces a variety of small fixed stationary plant adapted to biomass combustion or power derived from waste heat or pressure recovery.[23][24] The Finnish company Steammotor Finland has developed a small rotary steam engine that runs with 800 kW steam generator. The engines are planned to produce electricity in wood chip fired power plants. According to the company, the steam engine named Quadrum generates 27% efficiency and runs with 180 °C steam at 8 bar pressure, while a corresponding steam turbine produces just 15% efficiency, requires steam temperature of 240 °C and pressure of 40 bar. The high efficiency comes from a patented crank mechanism, that gives a smooth, pulseless torque. The company believes that by further developing the construction there is potential to reach as high efficiency as 30–35 %.[25] Automotive usesEdit During the first 1970s oil crisis, a number of investigations into steam technology were initiated by large automobile corporations although as the crisis died down, impetus was soon lost. Australian engineer Ted Pritchard's[26] main field of research from the late 1950s until the 1970s was the building of several efficient steam power units working on the uniflow system adapted to a small truck and two cars. One of the cars was achieving the lowest emissions figures of that time. IAV, a Berlin-based R&D company that later developed the Steamcell, during the 1990s was working on the single-cylinder ZEE (Zero Emissions Engine), followed by the compact 3-cylinder EZEE (Equal-to-Zero-Emissions-Engine)[27] designed to fit in the engine compartment of a Škoda Fabia small family saloon. All these engines made heavy use of flameless ceramic heat cells both for the steam generator and at strategic boost points where steam was injected into the cylinder(s). Cyclone Power Technologies of Pompano Beach, Florida patented the Cyclone Mark V Engine, a compact, six cylinder radial steam engine with integrated steam generator and condenser. The engine is predicted to produce 100 hp at 3600 rpm,[28] although as of January 2, 2015, Cyclone Power Technologies has yet to deliver a working engine to a customer or provide a public demonstration of their engine working.[29] The engine has been promoted for use in racing cars to set a land speed record for steam powered vehicles[30][31] and an all-fuel engine for powering forklift trucks.[32] Rail useEdit No. 52 8055,[33] a rebuild of an existing locomotive (East Germany, 1960). The 5AT project,[34] a proposal for an entirely new locomotive (Britain, 2000s). The ACE 3000 project,[35] proposed by locomotive enthusiast Ross Rowland during the 1970s oil crisis. The locomotive would look like a diesel, and was designed to compete with current diesel locomotives by using coal, much cheaper than oil at the time. The ACE 3000 would feature many new technologies, such as automatic firing and water-level control. The locomotive would be able to be connected to a diesel unit and run in unison with it, so that it would not be necessary to hook up two identical locomotives. The ACE 3000 was one of the most publicised attempts at modern steam, but the project ultimately failed due to lack of funds. The CSR Project 130,[36] intends to develop a modern steam locomotive (based on an existing ATSF 3460 class locomotive) capable of higher-speed passenger transport at more than 100 mph, and tested up to 130 mph (hence the name Project 130). It is proposed to be carbon-neutral, as it will run on torrefied biomass as solid fuel (unlike all other contemporary designs, which mandate liquid fuel). The development is a joint effort between University of Minnesota's Institute on the Environment (IonE) and Sustainable Rail International, a non-profit employing railway experts and steam engineers established for the purpose. Novel versus conventional layoutEdit Both 52 8055 and the proposed 5AT are of conventional layout, with the cab at the back, while the ACE 3000 had the cab located at the front. Other approaches are possible, especially with liquid fuel firing. For example: Cab forward type. This is a well-tried design with the potential for a large power output and would provide the driver good visibility. Being single-ended it would have to be turned on a turntable, or a triangular junction. Example: Southern Pacific 4294. Garratt type. Another well-tried design with large power potential. Example: South Australian Railways 400 class. A future design could include shorter water tanks, and a cab at each end, to give the driver a good view in either direction. Sentinel-Cammell locomotive A design mounted on power bogies with compact water-tube boiler similar to Sentinel designs of the 1930s. Example: Sentinel-Cammell locomotive (right). Fireless locomotivesEdit Another proposal for advanced steam technology is to revive the fireless locomotive, which runs on stored steam independently pre-generated. An example is the Solar Steam Train project [37] in Sacramento, California. Combined gas and steam, a combined cycle in which otherwise wasted heat from a gas turbine is used to generate steam to drive a steam turbine List of steam technology patents Steam car Steam locomotives of the 21st century Steam motor Uniflow steam engine ^ Walton J.N. (1965-74) Doble Steam Cars, Buses, Lorries, and Railcars. Light Steam Power Isle of Man, UK. pp. 27; 79; 62; 181;184; 187;120; 149. ^ "World's First Steam Driven Airplane" Popular Science, July 1933, detailed article with drawings ^ George & William Besler (April 29, 2011). The Besler Steam Plane (YouTube). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nw6NFmcnW-8: Bomberguy. ^ "Brief Biographies of Mechanical Engineers". Steamindex.com. Retrieved 2012-02-13. ^ Robertson, Kevin, Leader and Southern Experimental Steam, Alan Sutton Publishing 1990, pp 22-33, ISBN 0-86299-743-7 ^ Douglas Self (2008-04-01). "The Holcroft-Anderson Recompression Locomotive". Retrieved 2012-02-12. ^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-12-25. Retrieved 2012-03-07. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link) ^ http://www.trainweb.org/tusp/back.html ^ a b Porta, L.D. Advanced steam locomotive development, three technical papers. Camden Miniature Steam Services, Somerset UK, 2006. ISBN 978-0-9547131-5-7 ^ "Willkommen bei DLM". Dlm-ag.ch. Retrieved 2012-02-12. ^ "Internet Archive Wayback Machine" (PDF). Web.archive.org. 2007-10-22. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-22. Retrieved 2012-02-12. ^ "DLM AG". Web.archive.org. 2008-04-09. Archived from the original on 2008-04-09. Retrieved 2012-02-12. ^ "Why a steam engine". Pritchardpower.com. Archived from the original on 28 July 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-18. ^ Prof. W. Earl Bardsley, Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand. "The Sustainable Global Energy Economy: Hydrogen or Silicon?". Springer Link. ^ "Uniflow Power Ltd - Renewable Energy and Resource Efficiency". Pritchardpower.com. Retrieved 2012-02-12. ^ "Uniflow Technology: Technology page". Pritchardpower.com. Retrieved 2012-02-12. ^ Amovis: Heat Recovery Systems / SteamCell ^ "Amovis GmbH - Automotive Visions". Amovis.de. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved 2012-04-30. ^ "Exoes". kent695. Retrieved 2012-05-18. [permanent dead link] ^ "PowerTherm". Powertherm.de. Retrieved 2009-08-18. ^ "TinyTech". Archived from the original on 2016-05-25. Retrieved 2016-06-10. ^ "Spilling - Company". Spilling.de. Retrieved 2009-08-18. ^ "Spilling Oil Free Steam Engine". Steamautomobile.com. Retrieved 2009-08-18. ^ Tervola, Janne (2015-02-06). "Savolaiskeksintö tehostaa höyrymoottoria" [A Savonian invention makes steam motor more efficient]. Tekniikka & Talous. Helsinki, Finland: Talentum Media Oy. 4: 10. ISSN 0785-997X. ^ "Our History". Pritchardpower.com. Archived from the original on March 9, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-18. ^ [1] Archived October 11, 2010, at the Wayback Machine ^ Fact sheet "Cyclone Engine Mark V Specifications". Retrieved from "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-07-22. Retrieved 2015-01-14. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link) ^ Page 19 in the Quarterly Report for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2014, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Retrieved from https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1442711/000139843215000004/cypw20140930_10q.htm ^ Press Release "Cyclone Power Technologies to Build Engine For Steam Car Land Speed Record Attempt". Retrieved from "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-11-16. Retrieved 2015-01-14. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link) ^ Team Steam USA car webpage. Retrieved from http://www.uslandsteamrecord.com/ ^ Press release: "Cyclone Power Technologies Signs Letter of Intent with Leading Global Lift Equipment Manufacturer, Combilift". Retrieved from http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110627006035/en/Cyclone-Power-Technologies-Signs-Letter-Intent-Leading#.VLSd03t26zk ^ "DLM's 52-8055". 5at.co.uk. Archived from the original on June 6, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-18. ^ "5AT Advanced Steam Locomotive Project". 5at.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2012-08-15. Retrieved 2009-08-18. ^ "The Ultimate Steam Page". Trainweb.org. Retrieved 2009-08-18. ^ http://www.csrail.org ^ "Solar Steam Train project announcement". Thegenerator.com.au. 2009-07-09. Retrieved 2012-02-12. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advanced_steam_technology&oldid=905331079"	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2465
__label__wiki	0.980262	0.980262	Australia at the Winter Olympics Main article: Australia at the Olympics Australia at the IOC code Australian Olympic Committee www.olympics.com.au Ranked 25th Summer appearances Winter appearances Other related appearances 1906 Intercalated Games Australasia (1908–1912) Short track speed skater Mark McNee, third from left at the 2004 World Cup in Saguenay. His uniform features the green and gold and the Southern Cross Australia first competed in the Winter Olympic Games in 1936 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, and has participated in every games since, with the exception of the 1948 Games in St. Moritz. In the early years, Australia's athletes did poorly; only two athletes placed in the top half of their events before 1976, while the vast majority placed in the bottom quarter, including some who finished last. This lack of success was attributed to the Australian culture, climate and lack of snow, as well as the lack of support for the athletes—sports administrators regarded investment in winter sports as futile. After the appointment of Geoff Henke—who had been unable to compete in 1956 after the administrators neglected to endorse his ice hockey team's application—as team manager in 1976, the results slowly began to improve, and by the 1990s, some Australians were regarded as medal prospects. The upturn in performance was accompanied by increased government funding for winter sports, the creation of the Olympic Winter Institute of Australia and the purchase of an alpine training base in Austria. Australia won its first medal, a bronze, in 1994 in the men's 5,000 metres short track relay speed skating event. Zali Steggall gained Australia's first individual medal in 1998, when she won bronze in the slalom event. In 2002, Steven Bradbury won the 1,000 metres short track speed skating and Alisa Camplin won the aerials event, making Australia the only southern hemisphere country to have won a gold medal at a Winter Olympics. Australia sent 40 competitors to compete in 10 sports at the 2006 Games in Turin. Their goal of winning a medal was achieved when Dale Begg-Smith won the gold in men's freestyle moguls skiing. Camplin claimed her second medal, a bronze in the aerials event. At the 2010 Games in Vancouver Australia had its most successful Winter Olympics taking home two gold and one silver medal. Begg-Smith won a silver in the moguls, while Torah Bright and Lydia Lassila won the women's half-pipe snowboarding and aerial freestyle skiing respectively. At the 2014 Games, Australia sent its largest ever Winter Olympic Team, 60 athletes, to Sochi, competing in 10 sports. The Sochi Team included 31 female athletes making it the first Australian Olympic Team, Summer or Winter, with more female athletes than male. Australia again won three medals with David Morris (aerial skiing) and Torah Bright (snowboard halfpipe) winning silver and Lydia Lassila (aerial skiing) finishing with bronze. Overall Australia has won 15 Winter Olympic medals - 5 gold, 5 silver and 5 bronze. 1.1 Early struggles 1.2 Henke era 1.3 First medals 1.4 Golden breakthrough 2 Infrastructure and training 3 Public participation and support for winter sports in Australia 4.1 Medalists 4.2 Medal tally 5 Overview by sport 5.1 Alpine skiing 5.2 Biathlon 5.3 Figure skating 5.4 Freestyle skiing 5.5 Nordic events 5.6 Sliding events 5.7 Speed skating 5.8 Team ice sports 5.9 Snowboarding 6 Australia at the Winter Paralympics Early struggles[edit] Winter sports have traditionally been second to summer pursuits in Australian sporting culture,[1] but interest and support in the former has grown.[2] The decision-making bodies of the Australian Olympic Federation (AOF) allowed winter sports to be represented, but their representatives were usually overruled by their summer counterparts.[1] The first Winter Olympics took place in 1924.[3] Australia first competed at the Winter Olympics in 1936, when its sole representative, Kenneth Kennedy, participated in speed skating.[4] Kennedy came 33rd in both the 1500 m and 5000 m, near the bottom of the standings.[5] He was entirely on his own; no Australian support staff were in attendance,[5] even though the AOF officially sanctioned Kennedy's entry.[6] The Olympics were then halted due to the outbreak of World War II.[7] Australia did not send a team to the 1948 Winter Olympics, but has competed at every Winter Olympics since,[8] sending nine athletes to the 1952 Olympics.[9] There were five skiers, two cross-country and three downhill—who either failed to finish or whose results were unknown[5]—three figure skaters and one speed skater. Adrian Swan and Nancy Burley, who finished 10th and 14th in figure skating, respectively, were the only two Australia competitors to place in the top 20, although neither placed in the top half of the field.[10] Burley and fellow figure skater Gweneth Molony were the first two women to represent Australia at the Winter Olympics.[5] Supervision and support for the athletes were relatively minimal in the early years. Colin Hickey said that he never received clothing from the AOF, except for a black armband and tie for the 1952 Olympics to mourn the death of King George VI. He also said that Australian officials had "no control over me ... All they'd do was tell me what times I had to do".[11] Hickey was uncoached and had travelled to Europe at the age of 18 to support himself and race.[3] In 1952, a support staffer was present for the first time; Robert "George" Chisholm was the first manager of an Australian Winter Olympic team.[5] The lack of administrative attention was highlighted when Chisholm incorrectly declared that the campaign was Australia's first at the Winter Olympics.[6] At the 1956 Winter Olympics, Hickey, a "rink rat" who was overlooked for ice hockey when he was young because of his small frame,[3] came seventh in the 500 and 1000 metres speed skating[12] at his second Olympics.[5] He later won a bronze medal at the world championships.[11] Australia's nine other competitors were less successful; two male figure skaters—Allan Ganter and Charles Keeble—placed in the top 15 but in the bottom 25% in the individual event,[13] while the pairs combination of Mervyn Bower and Jacqueline Mason failed to take to the ice after Bower was injured.[5] The five downhill skiers were Australia's least successful entrants; the highest finish was 33rd and the median was 60th,[5] and all were near the bottom of their events.[13] Australia sent its first coach and female staffer for the 1956 campaign; C. Mason oversaw the skaters and Lillian Chisholm acted as the chaperone.[5] The ice hockey team offered to pay their own way to compete; the only thing that they needed from the AOF was formal permission. However, the AOF never responded to their request; they were unable to attend, and criticised the AOF for their disinterest. One of the affected athletes was Geoff Henke, later credited for ending the neglect of winter sports when he became an administrator.[14] Australia sent 31 athletes in 1960,[15] its largest team before the 2006 Winter Olympics;[16] their size was boosted by an outclassed 18-man ice hockey team,[17] which conceded 83 goals in losing all six matches.[15] They lost to Czechoslovakia 18–1 and the United States 12–1 in their two group matches, and were then placed into a group with Finland and Japan, the last-placed teams in the two other preliminary groups. The Australians played two matches against each of the other teams to determine the three worst teams in the nine-country contest. They lost all four matches, conceding a total of 53 goals.[18] Australia scored only 10 goals in reply.[17] Hal Nerdal competed in Nordic combined, the only time that Australia has participated in the event at the Olympics,[8] and finished last.[13] Four years after injury prevented them from competing, Bower and Mason recorded Australia's best result, placing 12th in the pairs figure skating, although they were still second to last.[13] Hickey and two male figure skaters—who were close to last[13]—were the only Australians to place in the top 20, while Christine Davy became the first Australian to break into the top 30 in a skiing event,[5] although she too was in the bottom 20% of the competition.[13] The athletes were accompanied by seven staff members, the largest Australian support contingent until 1988.[8] Chisholm mistakenly noted in his official report that it was Australia's second participation, forgetting the delegations sent in 1936, 1952 and 1956.[6] With the ice hockey team in mind, there was debate about the trade-off between selection standards and participation after the 1960 Winter Olympics.[1] At a 1963 meeting, Kenneth Kennedy complained that the ice hockey team was not given overseas trips to compete because they were not world class, but could never become competitive unless they had experience in international matches. Edgar Tanner said "I ask the winter sports whether they really believe they are in world class, or world ranking, in the field of sport and whether they can do Australia credit, or just be there."[1] Bill Young, of cycling, disagreed, saying "I thought the first spirit of the Games was to compete",[1] but was overruled by Tanner.[1] In contrast to the large 1960 team, the teams in subsequent Olympics were scaled back and were the smallest since 1936.[17] The 1964 Winter Olympics were marred by the deaths of Australian skier Ross Milne—who crashed during a practice run—and a British luge competitor.[19] Milne had skidded off the course and crashed into a tree.[20] Members of the IOC asked the AOF whether Milne was negligently sent to compete despite a lack of experience, which the AOF denied.[20] The Australian manager John Wagner blamed the accident on a large group of skiers who had congregated lower down on the course during the practice session, forcing Milne to take evasive action. The Australian delegation felt that the training arrangements had not been enacted strictly, making the course unsafe.[20] Australia was represented by five skiers—excluding Milne. Christine Smith placed in the top 30 in two events, but the remainder placed 40th or lower, although all were in the bottom half of the field.[13] Milne's replacement Peter Wenzel placed 68th in both the downhill and giant slalom.[5] Motivated in part by a desire to prove that Australians could compete at the highest level, and believing that claims that his brother died due to inexperience was a smokescreen intended to cover-up the poor safety standards,[19] Malcolm Milne represented Australia at the next two Winter Olympics, won a World Cup event and came third in a World Championship.[21][22] In 1968, Milne finished 24th in both the downhill and slalom events, Australia's best result in a skiing event up to that point.[23] Ross Martin came 60th in both cross-country events, and Colin Coates came 41st and 49th in his two speed skating events.[17] Australia had more officials present than athletes, with five competitors and three administrators.[17] This trend continued at the 1972 Olympics in Sapporo, which were attended by five staff and four athletes. Milne rose up the rankings to finish 23rd and 24th in the downhill and slalom respectively, as did Coates, who came in the top 30 in three of his four events, including an 18th-place result in the 10,000 m event.[17] Milne was considered a medal contender and the team manager felt that but for a near-fall, he would have placed near the medalists.[21] Henke era[edit] Up to this point, Australia's performances had been poor, and winter athletes were often derided by the summer-dominated administrators. During one meeting, a cross-country representative asked for the selection of six athletes, prompting the selection committee chairman to interject. The chairman said that a seventh place would be needed, and went on to explain that a dog was required to find the athletes after they got lost in the snow. The majority of his colleagues burst into laughter.[24] After the 1968 Winter Olympics, at which the only Australian alpine skier was Milne, skiing delegate Peter Blaxland said that the country should not send a solitary skier for psychological reasons.[1] The Winter Olympics team manager reported that his European counterparts were surprised by Australia's small team. The response from the board—dominated by Summer Olympics delegates—was unsympathetic, with Sir Wilfrid Kent Hughes expressing concern that uncompetitive athletes might be selected.[1] The neglect of the Winter Olympics continued until Henke's appointment as team manager in 1976.[25] Henke held the position for two decades, until Ian Chesterman took over in 1998.[13] He rose to become vice-president of the AOF,[6] and is credited with ending the administrative neglect of winter sport.[6][26] Up until Henke's appointment, Hickey and Milne were the only athletes to have placed in the top half of any event.[13] In 1981, Henke took AOF board members into the Australian Alps for a board meeting, allowing him to exploit the environment to promote winter sport. He said that the next Olympics "was the first time the AOF ever really got behind the winter team".[27] Coates reached his peak at the 1976 games in Innsbruck. He competed in five events, and apart from a 25th-place finish in the 500 m event, did no worse than 11th in the remaining four. He came sixth in the 10,000 m, eighth in the 1,500 m and tenth in the 5,000 m.[28] It was only the second time that an Australian had placed in the top 10,[29] and remained Australia's best result until 1994.[8] His five skiing compatriots were less productive; they registered in 13 races between them and completed only seven due to crashes and disqualifications, with only one top 30 result.[30] In 1980, Australia's competing contingent rose into double figures for the first time since 1960, with 10 representatives.[30] Jacqui Cowderoy became the first Australian to break into the top 20 in a skiing event, placing 17th in the slalom.[31] The brother-and-sister pairing of Peter and Elizabeth Cain, Australia's first representatives in figure skating in 20 years, came 11th.[30] Coates was unable to repeat his performances of four years earlier and his 18th and 19th places were Australia's only other top 20 results.[31] In 1984 in Sarajevo, Steven Lee and Cameron Medhurst placed 19th in the downhill and individual figure skating respectively. No other top 20 finishes were recorded among the 11 athletes, and the two cross-country skiers and the first Australian Olympic biathlete, Andrew Paul, finished no better than 47th in their eight events.[31] Australia sent 15 athletes to the 1988 Olympics in Calgary, where they competed in the bobsleigh for the first time. The two two-man bobsleigh teams came 23rd and 26th respectively, well down the field.[32] Although a competitor on paper in 1988, Coates was supposed to only be a coach and was forbidden to compete. The Australian Skating Union had refused to select him as they wanted to allow younger athletes an opportunity to race. However, the AOF officially listed Coates as a competitor so that he could train with the others on the ice, and because the artificially inflated athlete count would entitle the Australian team to take more support staff. However, Coates was informed that the registration was only for show and that he was not to race. However, when it was time for his event, he put on a uniform, defied team orders and skated his best time ever.[33] Henke publicly excoriated Coates in front of the cameras, but stopped when he found out that Prime Minister Bob Hawke had sent Coates a congratulatory message.[34] However, Coates' new Australian record was only good enough for 26th place and ended his sixth and final Olympic campaign.[32] His speed skating teammates Michael Richmond and Danny Kah managed two top 15 finishes each, and Medhurst was the only other Australian to place in the top 20.[31] The 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France was viewed as the potential start of a new era in Australian winter sports, with hopes that a maiden medal would result.[35] Australia's short track relay team went into the 1992 Olympics as world champions, but crashed in the semi-finals.[36][37] The Australians were in third place when Richard Nizielski lost his footing and knocked over teammate John Kah during a changeover; they finished fourth and failed to reach the final.[37][38] In the individual speed skating events, Australia scored only four top 20 finishes from 12 starts, with none higher than 12th, and only one placing in the top half.[32] Kirstie Marshall was in the process of winning the 1992 World Cup series, and was one of the favourites for the women's aerial skiing,[35] which was a demonstration event, but she crash-landed and finished seventh.[38] Lee managed two top 20 finishes in alpine skiing events, and finished in the top half of the competitors in four events; most of the Australians remained in the bottom half in all of their events.[32] Despite the disappointments of the near-misses, Australia increased their investment in the Winter Olympics, purchasing a training base called Sonnpark in Austria in 1993.[39] The 1992 Games also included Speedskiing as a demonstration sport, with four athletes qualified for the Games: Nick Kirshner, Les Herstik, Geoff Tasker and Daniel Guerin. Tasker and Kirshner's nominations where both rejected after their arrival in the village. First medals[edit] In 1994, the short track relay team won Australia's first Winter Olympic medal, a bronze. They qualified for the four-team final after edging out Japan and New Zealand, finishing second in their semi-final.[40] The quartet adopted a plan of staying on their feet as the first priority, and remaining undisqualified and defeating at least one of the other three finalists.[37][41] During the race, the Canadians fell and lost a significant amount of time, meaning that Australia would win a medal if they raced conservatively and avoided a crash. Late in the race, Nizielski was fighting with his American counterpart for track position to claim the silver medal, but took the safe option and yielded, mindful of the lost opportunity of the crash in Albertville.[37] It was a successful campaign for the largest team that Australia had sent—apart from 1960. The 27 athletes recorded an unprecedented five top 10 finishes. Marshall placed first in the opening round of the aerials, but faded to sixth in the final,[37] while Kerryn Rim placed eighth in the 15 km biathlon and Steven Bradbury and Nizielski of the medal-winning relay team placed eighth and tenth in the 500 m and 1,000 m short track events respectively.[42] In contrast to the previous games, the Australian short track speed skaters placed in the top half of the field in six of their eight individual starts.[43] However, the Australians in the remaining disciplines generally finished in the bottom half of their competition.[43] Further medal success was anticipated at the 1998 Olympics in Nagano, which were attended by 24 Australian athletes.[44] Zali Steggall, who months earlier had become the first Australian woman to win a World Cup event and was ranked sixth in the world,[45] won the country's first individual medal with a bronze in slalom skiing.[46] Her time of 1 m 32.67 s was only 0.27 s behind the gold medallist.[44] Marshall, the world champion in 1997 and 1999,[44][45] and Jacqui Cooper—ranked second in the world—were expected to do well in the aerials, but both crashed and failed to make the final.[44][47] Bradbury, Nizielski and Kieran Hansen, three of the quartet that won Australia's maiden medal in 1994, returned but finished last, in eighth place.[44][48] Golden breakthrough[edit] The improved results of the 1990s prompted higher expectations from the Australian Winter Olympic hierarchy.[49] At the start of the 2002 Olympics, the Australian chef de mission Ian Chesterman addressed the team, saying "historically our winter teams have been the child racked by self-doubt, shy in nature as we saw our big brother, our summer Games team, take on and conquer the world."[49] He added, "but over time we have developed a belief in ourselves".[49] Australia competed in five sports in 2002,[50] the fewest sports entered in since 1984.[13] Australian cross-country skiers were absent for the first time since 1976, and there were no bobsleigh sliders for the first time since Australia's debut in the sport in 1988.[51] This was partly due to the AOC's higher selection standards than those of the IOC. Australian bobsledder Will Alstergren lamented that "We also beat half the teams currently in Salt Lake City, but unfortunately we couldn't meet the very high standard of the AOC".[52] According to the Skiing Australia Cross Country Committee, tougher AOC selection standards contributed to the failure to compete in the discipline in 2002.[53] In 2002, Australia won their first two gold medals, the first time any southern hemisphere country had won an event. Australia's maiden gold came in highly unlikely circumstances. Steven Bradbury, a member of the bronze-winning 1994 relay team, won gold in short track speed skating on 17 February when all of his competitors in the 1,000 m final crashed out on the final turn while jostling for the medal positions. He had qualified for the final after benefiting from similar incidents and disqualifications in the quarter and semifinals. Bradbury came third in his quarterfinal and would have been eliminated, but world champion Marc Gagnon was disqualified for obstruction and the Australian progressed.[54] Bradbury's strategy from the semifinal onwards was to cruise behind his opponents and hope that they crashed, as he realised that he could not match their raw pace.[54] His reasoning was that risk-taking by the favourites could cause a racing incident, and if two (or more) riders collided and fell, the remaining three would all receive medals, and that as he was slower than his opponents, trying to challenge them directly would only increase his chance of being caught in a collision and falling.[54][55] In the semifinal, three skaters, including the defending champion, crashed into each other and Bradbury moved up into second place to qualify for the final.[54] In the final, Bradbury was substantially slower than his opponents and was safely in last place, around 15 m behind with only 50 m to go, when all four rivals collided and fell over, allowing him to avoid the pile-up and take the victory.[54][55][56] The unlikely win turned Bradbury into something of a folk hero across Australia and around the world.[56] Having won three consecutive World Cup titles,[49] Jacqui Cooper was the favourite in the aerials, but injured herself in training and was sent home days before the competition.[57] Alisa Camplin, who had never won a World Cup event,[58] won after exceeding her rivals' points tally on the second and final jump.[59] In 2006, Australia sent 40 athletes to compete in 10 sports. It was a record number of competitors and events,[13][60] and Australian officials publicly declared their expectations of medal success.[60] Aerial skiing medal hopeful Lydia Ierodiaconou injured herself when she landed badly on the second qualification jump, while Jacqui Cooper, who placed first in the qualification round, crashed in both of her finals jumps. Camplin won bronze, her second Olympic medal.[61][62] Dale Begg-Smith, considered the favourite in moguls skiing, won gold in the event.[60][63] Torah Bright was rated as a medal chance in snowboarding half-pipe,[60] and came fifth.[64] Damon Hayler, rated as a medal chance in snowboard cross, came seventh.[65] Michelle Steele, a beach flag sprinter less than two years earlier, was seen as a medal possibility in the skeleton, but inexperience with the intimidating and technical track contributed to her 13th place.[66][67] As only eight teams competed in the men's short track speed skating relay, Australia had a good mathematical chance of winning a medal,[68] but they failed to reach the final.[69] In 2010, Australia had its most successful Winter Olympics, ending with two gold and one silver. There were a further seven finishes in the top ten.[70] Flagbearer Bright returned and won gold.[71][72] After falling in her first run in the final—only the highest of the two runs is counted—she had to perform her second run before all the other competitors as she was ranked last after the first phase, and produced the top-score; the later competitors could not match her and she took victory.[73] In 2010, Lydia Lassila (née Ierodiaconou) took gold, having come into the event as the reigning World Cup champion and favourite after setting a record score at a recent World Cup competition.[74] After being second after the first jump, she scored highly on her final attempt, and the leader Xu Mengtao from China failed to land her second jump cleanly, sealing Lassila's win. Cooper returned for a final campaign and came fifth.[75][76] Begg-Smith was again the favorite after three consecutive World Cup wins,[77] but he was narrowly beaten by local skier Alexandre Bilodeau.[78] Russian-born short-track speed skater Tatiana Borodulina, whose citizenship was expedited to allow her to compete, made the semifinals in two events, placing 7th and 11th.[79][80] In the snowboard cross, Hayler came tenth, while Alex Pullin was fastest in the qualification time trial, but crashed in the first round of racing.[81] Scott Kneller came seventh in the men's ski cross,[75] while Holly Crawford came eighth in half-pipe and Emma Lincoln-Smith tenth in the skeleton.[82][83] In 2014 at the Sochi, Russia Olympic Winter Games Australia won three Olympic medals and a total of 15 top 10 performances were recorded, a significant increase from the nine achieved in Vancouver in 2010. In addition Australia recorded 27 top 16 performances compared to 15 in Vancouver four years earlier.[84] This was a Team of history makers. Torah Bright became Australia's most successful female Winter Olympian by adding a silver medal to her gold from Vancouver in 2010. In Sochi, Bright was the only athlete to attempt three Snowboard events at the one Olympics: Slopestyle, Halfpipe and Snowboard Cross. David Morris, Australia's only male Aerialist at the Sochi Games wrote his own piece of Olympic history by completing a double-full full-full (quad twisting somersault) in the men's Freestyle Skiing – Aerials super-final. Morris scored 110.41 points for his jump and was awarded the silver medal. He was later honoured for his achievement by carrying the Australian flag in the Closing Ceremony. Aerials teammate and defending Olympic Aerial Skiing Champion Lydia Lassila was in Sochi to make history. Lydia chose to execute a jump in the women's super-final that no other woman in the history of the sport had attempted in competition, a quad twisting triple somersault. The high degree of difficulty jump scored her 72.12 points and the bronze medal. This historical effort has taken the sport of women's Aerials to a whole new level. Lassila is also the first mother to win a Winter Olympic medal for Australia. Bobsleigh's Jana Pittman became the first female Olympian to compete in both a Summer and Winter Olympics. Callum and Aimee Watson became the first siblings to compete at the same Games in Cross Country. Alex Almoukov pulled off the best ever performance by a male Australian biathlete when he finished 45th in the 20 km Individual. Other historic bests were John Farrow finishing 17th in the men's Skeleton, Belle Brockhoff, eighth in the women's Snowboard Cross and Kent Callister, ninth in the men's Snowboard Halfpipe.[84] Infrastructure and training[edit] Although Australia has competed in every Winter Olympics since 1936, it was not until the late 1980s that the athletes were supported by institutionalised training, government infrastructure or sports science. Malcolm Milne's success prompted the eventual starting of the Australian Ski Federation by Geoff Henke in the 1980s, and with it, a program to sponsor talented young skiers and send them to Europe to hone their craft. The beneficiaries of this program included Lee,[85] Zali Steggall,[39] and aerial skiers Cooper and Marshall.[86] In 1993, a training centre and base called Sonnpark was set up in Axams, near Innsbruck, Austria, a joint venture between the Australian and Austrian Olympic Committees for summer and winter sports.[87] Colin Hickey said about Sonnpark "Yeah. It's great ... With that sort of back-up, we'd have given them [the Europeans] a run for their money."[87] Australia sold the base in 2002.[88] After the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, the Olympic Winter Institute of Australia (OWIA, initially called the Australian Institute of Winter Sports) was created.[39] It was given a million-dollar annual budget; for the first time, Australia had a federal government–funded full-time winter sports training program to accompany the Australian Institute of Sport.[39] This led to a steady rise in the number of Australians who won medals at World Cup events in the immediate years after the OWIA's creation.[89] After the 2010 Olympics, the OWIA mooted plans to build a half-pipe course at Perisher in the Australian Alps,[90] and a water jump in Brisbane for aerials freestyle training.[91] In 2010, the OWIA's new training base, Icehouse, was opened in Melbourne. The largest facility of its type in the southern hemisphere, it features two large skating rinks and cost AUD58 million.[92] The Australian Olympic Committee (AOC, formerly the Australian Olympic Federation) is the peak body responsible for Australia's participation at the Olympics. Aside from funding the participation at the Olympics, the AOC provides money for the training and preparation of athletes. This occurs through their funding of the OWIA, grants for athletes to travel overseas to compete and the provision of monetary awards to athletes and their coaches if they win medals at World Cup events or World Championships in the lead up to the Olympics. The funding of the OWIA by the AOC varies by year, but hovers between AUD500,000 and 1,000,000, with a higher budget in the years immediately before an Olympics.[93] Through the Australian Sports Commission, the federal government also sponsors OWIA, contributing more than half a million dollars a year.[94] In 2009, the OWIA lobbied the government for an increase in its annual budget from AUD2.1m to AUD29.4m, a fraction of the AUD132m spent by Canada—the host of the 2010 Olympics.[95] In contrast, the current funding for the Summer Olympics team is AUD128m per annum and the AOC asked for an increase of AUD108m annually in 2009.[96] Australia aimed to win two medals in 2010,[93] something that was achieved, and which Chesterman touted as justification for further funding to maintain and increase rankings in the face of growing expenditure by other countries.[70] Public participation and support for winter sports in Australia[edit] Kiandra, NSW, in 1900. Skiing in Australia began at Kiandra around 1861. See also: Winter sport in Australia and Skiing in Australia Although Australia is generally considered to be more suited to summer sport, several ice-based sports take place as well.[97] Snow falls on the Australian Alps and parts of Tasmania.[98][99] The Australian Alps are within six hours' drive for residents of Sydney, but within two hours' drive for residents of Melbourne and Canberra,[98] Tasmanian ski slopes are within a day's drive for residents of the major cities of Hobart and Launceston.[99] However, the season is quite short, as the snow is skiable for only about four months per year.[100] Skiing in Australia was first introduced by Norwegian miners in the goldrush town of Kiandra, New South Wales, around 1859, near today's Selwyn Snowfields ski resort.[101] The sport remains a popular winter activity in the south-eastern states and territories. Major alpine skiing resorts include Thredbo, Perisher and Charlotte Pass in New South Wales; Mount Hotham, Falls Creek and Mount Buller in Victoria and Mount Ben Lomond in Tasmania. Victoria has three dedicated cross-country ski resorts and extensive areas are available for cross-country skiing within national parks including Kosciuszko National Park (NSW), Alpine National Park (VIC); Namadgi National Park (ACT) and in the Tasmanian Wilderness.[102] The Kiandra snow shoe club is easily among the oldest continuing ski clubs in the world and was established by Norwegian gold prospectors in the mid-19th century. The Australian gold rushes first brought a population of skiers to the Australian snowfields in the 1860s. Ski chalets were established closer to Mount Kosciuszko in the early 20th century and the construction of the Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Scheme brought easier access and European workers with an interest in skiing, who helped build the modern ski resorts of New South Wales. In 2004, a mogul course called "Toppa's Dream" was constructed on Blue Cow.[103] The Mount Buller World Aerials is an annual event on the World Cup calendar.[104] Aerial skiers practice extensively on water before trying jumps on snow; Camplin jumped in a pond outside Melbourne.[59] The Kangaroo Hoppet, a member of the Worldloppet Ski Federation series of cross-country skiing races, is an annual citizen race that attracts competitors from several countries.[105] Ski jumping is currently non-existent in Australia.[106] Many major Australian cities have indoor ice rinks, enabling participation in some winter sports regardless of the climate. These began to appear at the end of the 19th century, and ice hockey was played as early as 1904.[25] Sydney hosted the 1991 short-track speed skating World Championships,[107] and the 2001 Goodwill Games—hosted in Brisbane—included figure skating.[108] Australia has no tracks usable for bobsleigh, luge and skeleton, but there is a bobsleigh push track in the Docklands area of Melbourne.[52] In keeping with an existing tradition for Australian gold medallists at the Summer Olympics, Bradbury, Camplin and Begg-Smith's victories were recognised by Australia Post, which released stamps depicting their triumphs,[109] and gave the athletes royalties for the use of their image.[110][111] Due to the relative lack of interest in winter sport in Australia, both Camplin and Bradbury had been without sponsorship before their Olympic triumphs, and were effectively broke.[109] Torah Bright, the winner of the women's halfpipe snowboarding in 2010. 1936 1 1 29th Kenneth Kennedy 500 m speed skating 1940 and 1944 Olympics cancelled, and Australia did not compete in 1948 1952 9 4 10th Adrian Swan Figure skating 1956 10 3 7th Colin Hickey 500 m speed skating 1960 31 6 12th Mason and Bower Figure skating (pairs) 1964 6 1 27th Christine Smith Downhill 1968 3 3 24th Malcolm Milne Downhill and slalom 1972 4 2 18th Colin Coates 10,000 m speed skating 1976 8 3 6th Colin Coates 10,000 m speed skating 1980 10 4 17th Jacqui Cowderoy Slalom 1984 11 5 19th Steven Lee Downhill 1988 18 6 10th Danny Kah 5,000 m speed skating 1992 23 9 7th Relay team 5,000 m short track relay 1994 27 9 3rd Relay team 5,000 m short track relay 1998 24 8 3rd Zali Steggall Slalom 2002 27 5 1st Steven Bradbury 1,000 m short track 1st Alisa Camplin Aerials 2006 40 10 1st Dale Begg-Smith Moguls 2010 40 11 1st Torah Bright Half-pipe snowboarding 1st Lydia Lassila Aerials 2014 60 11 2nd Torah Bright Half-pipe snowboarding 2nd David Morris Aerials 2018 51 10 2nd Matt Graham Moguls 2nd Jarryd Hughes Snowboard Cross Medalists[edit] Bronze Steven Bradbury Kieran Hansen Andrew Murtha Richard Nizielski 1994 Lillehammer Short track speed skating Men's 5,000 metre relay Bronze Zali Steggall 1998 Nagano Alpine skiing Women's slalom Gold Steven Bradbury 2002 Salt Lake City Short track speed skating Men's 1,000 metres Gold Alisa Camplin 2002 Salt Lake City Freestyle skiing Women's aerials Gold Dale Begg-Smith 2006 Turin Freestyle skiing Men's moguls Bronze Alisa Camplin 2006 Turin Freestyle skiing Women's aerials Gold Torah Bright 2010 Vancouver Snowboarding Women's halfpipe Gold Lydia Lassila 2010 Vancouver Freestyle skiing Women's aerials Silver Dale Begg-Smith 2010 Vancouver Freestyle skiing Men's moguls Silver Torah Bright 2014 Sochi Snowboarding Women's halfpipe Bronze Lydia Lassila 2014 Sochi Freestyle skiing Women's aerials Silver David Morris 2014 Sochi Freestyle skiing Men's aerials Silver Matt Graham 2018 Pyeongchang Freestyle skiing Men's moguls Silver Jarryd Hughes 2018 Pyeongchang Snowboarding Men's snowboard cross Bronze Scotty James 2018 Pyeongchang Snowboarding Men's halfpipe Medal tally[edit] Overview by sport[edit] The Olympic Winter Institute of Australia has programs in alpine skiing, freestyle skiing (aerial and mogul), snowboarding, short track speed skating, figure skating and (along with the Australian Institute of Sport) skeleton.[112] Australia also competed in biathlon, cross-country skiing, bobsleigh and luge at the 2006 Winter Olympics.[60] Alpine skiing[edit] Australia has competed in alpine skiing at every Olympics since 1952. Australia's first female skier, Christine Davy, competed in 1956.[8] Malcolm Milne was considered a possible medalist at the 1972 Olympics, having finished on the podium at the world championships, but a knee injury and a near fall snuffed out his chances.[21] Steven Lee represented Australia at three Winter Olympics; he won a World Cup event in Furano, Japan in the Super G event in 1985, and was the second Australian to do so.[85][113] He achieved three top-25 finishes in his career.[13] Zali Steggall won Australia's second Olympic bronze in the slalom event in 1998.[46] Twelve skiers represented Australia at the 2002 Olympics with Jenny Owens achieving the best result in the Downhill Combined event with a 9th place. Four skiers represented Australia in 2006 and only half the number participated in 2010. Biathlon[edit] Australia has participated in biathlon at every Olympics since 1984[8] except for 2002;[13] Kerryn Rim's eighth place in 1994 in the 15 km individual event was their best result.[8] Cameron Morton represented Australia in 2006 and finished in the bottom 10% in each of his two races.[60][114] In 2010, Australia's sole representative Alexei Almoukov came second last in his event—one competitor did not finish.[115] Rim's result remains the only top-20 finish by an Australian in the discipline, and more than 80% of Australian entrants have finished in the bottom half of the field, including many in the bottom fifth.[13][114][116] Figure skating[edit] Australia first competed in figure skating in 1952, and has competed in 1956, 1960 and every Olympics since 1980. In earlier years, Australia earned some last places or near-misses.[8][13] Until 1988, no Australian had placed above the 20th percentile, but results have slowly improved; Anthony Liu finished 10th out of 28 competitors in the men's event in 2002.[117] Joanne Carter represented Australia in 1998 & 2006.[60] She had placed 12th in 2002 and apart from Liu is the only Australian to have placed in the top half of the field.[13][118][119] In 2010, Australia's lone participant Cheltzie Lee came 20th.[120] Australia has competed in ice dancing only twice—in 1988 and 2014—when their solitary representative in both the men and women's individual event came last.[13] Freestyle skiing[edit] Australia has contested moguls freestyle skiing in every Olympics since it became an official sport in 1992, as well as 1988, when it was a demonstration sport.[8][13][113] Australia has participated in every aerial freestyle event since it became official in 1994, as well as 1992, when it was a demonstration event.[13] Unlike in other winter disciplines, Australia started in the upper half of the field in the moguls; Nicholas Cleaver and Adrian Costa placed 11th and 14th out of 47 competitors in 1992. Since then, the results deteriorated into the lower half of the rankings,[13] until 2006, when Canadian-born Dale Begg-Smith won gold and four Australians qualified for the 35-man competition.[63][121] Manuela Berchtold, the only female Australian representative in 2006, came 14th out of 30 competitors.[122] In 2010, Begg-Smith won silver, while two other moguls racers, one male and one female, were outside the top half and did not pass the first round.[75] Australia has been strong in women's aerial skiing, having recruited gymnasts into the sport, and Kirstie Marshall and Jacqui Cooper have both been regarded as major medal chances in the last 15 years.[113] However, both were plagued by injuries and crashes and failed to medal at the Olympic level despite enjoying success in World Cup or world-championship events. Alisa Camplin won Australia's second gold in 2002.[58] Australia fielded 4 of the 23 qualifiers in the women's aerials in 2006.[60][121] Lydia Ierodiaconou injured herself when she landed badly in the second qualification jump and failed to reach the final.[123] Camplin and Cooper contested the aerials finals, after the latter qualified first with a world record score of 213.36.[61][124] Cooper managed only 152.69 in the final and finished eighth,[124] and Camplin went on to win bronze.[58][62] In 2010, Lassila (née Ierodiaconou) took gold. After being second after the first jump, she scored highly on her final attempt, and the leader Xu Mengtao from China failed to land her second jump cleanly, sealing Lassila's win. Cooper returned for a final campaign and came fifth, while Elizabeth Gardner came 12th in the final.[75][76] In contrast, Australia has not had a strong male tradition. Until 2010, no male had competed in aerials—one athlete was selected but did not end up taking to the snow due to injury.[13][121] In 2010, David Morris ended the trend and came 13th out of 25 entrants.[75][125] David Morris, Australia's first male aerial freestyle skier at Olympic level. Ski cross was introduced in 2010. Scott Kneller reached the semifinals and placed seventh in the male competition, while Jenny Owens and Katya Cremer came 13th and 15th, all in the top half of the field.[75] Nordic events[edit] Australia has competed in cross-country skiing in 1952, 1960, 1968, 1980 to 1998, and since 2006.[8][13] The two Australian representatives in 1952 occupied the last two places,[126] and before 1984, no Australian finished above the bottom 15% of racers. Results have slowly improved, but most Australian entrants in the last two decades have placed in the bottom 25%.[13] In 1992, Anthony Evans became the first Australian to place in the top half,[13] finishing in the top 40 in two events.[127] Australia fielded three competitors in cross-country skiing in 2006, its largest contingent in the event. Paul Murray and Esther Bottomley competed in the sprint; Clare-Louise Brumley was selected for the pursuit and 30 km freestyle, but competed only in the former due to illness.[60][128] Nobody broke into the top half in their respective races.[129][130][131] At the 2010 Games, Australia had three representatives. Ben Sim came in the top half in one event, but he, Bottomley and Murray finished in the bottom 20% in their remaining four events.[129][130][132] Australia has never competed in ski jumping, and their sole entry in Nordic combined was by Hal Nerdal in 1960,[8] who came last.[133] Sliding events[edit] The first Australian to compete in bobsleigh represented Great Britain. Frederick McEvoy drove the British two-man and four-man bobsleighs in 1936, earning fourth place and a bronze respectively, and carried the British flag at the opening ceremony.[134] Australia first competed in bobsleigh in 1988,[8] and has competed in the event in every Olympics since, except for 2002.[135] Paul Narracott became the first Australian to compete at both the Summer and Winter Olympics: he competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics in athletics, and participated in bobsleigh in 1992 as the brakeman.[37] Australia competed in luge in 1992 and 1994.[8] They did not compete in skeleton in 2002.[50] Australia competed in all three sports in 2006.[60] In bobsleigh, Australia competed in the two-man and two-woman events,[136][137] and was the highest-placed country to miss qualifications for an Olympic berth in the four-man event at the 2006 Challenge Cup. The Australian Olympic Committee unsuccessfully tried to have the Brazilian bobsleigh team thrown out due to the use of drugs by Armando dos Santos, so that Australia would take its place.[138] Hannah Campbell-Pegg came 23rd in luge,[139] and Michelle Steele, a beach flag sprinter chosen from a systematic program to identify a potential skeleton medal-winner from female non-winter athletes, came 13th due to inexperience with the intimidating and technical track.[66][67][140] Shaun Boyle represented Australia in the men's skeleton and placed 22nd.[60][141] In 2010, Australia were represented in every bobsled event, but all finished last, failed to finish due to crashes or had to withdraw due to injuries sustained in earlier races.[142][143] Australia's sole luger and two male skeleton racers came in the bottom 20%, while Emma Lincoln-Smith and Melissa Hoar came 10th and 12th respectively.[82][83] Until 2010, Australia had placed in the bottom half of the field in every sliding event it has entered, and came last in the luge in 1994.[13][136][137][139][140][141] Lincoln-Smith's effort in the skeleton in 2010 changed this record.[82] Speed skating[edit] Australia has competed in either the long track or short track forms of speed skating at every Olympics that it has attended, except 1964.[8] Australia's Winter Olympic inaugural participant was long track speed skater Kenneth Kennedy, who competed in 1936 and placed in the bottom 25% in all of his four events.[126] Colin Hickey finished seventh in 1956 in the 500 and 1,000 m long track speed skating, and placed 13th and 14th four years later.[144] Until 1968, Hickey's four aforementioned results were the only times that an Australian finished in the top half of their event.[145] Colin Coates participated in six Winter Olympics, from 1968 to 1988, and came sixth in the 10,000 m event in 1976, Australia's best result before Lillehammer.[8] His four top-11 finishes in 1976 made him only the third Australian to place in the top half of a Winter Olympic event.[145] Before the 1988 Olympics, three other athletes had represented Australia in long track racing, and all had placed near the bottom.[145] In 1988, Danny Kah and Michael Richmond both broke into the top 15 and the top half in two events each,[146] and in 1994, the former recorded Australia's best long track result, finishing fifth in the 5,000 m event.[147] However, Australia did not compete in long track again until 2010, when sole representative Sophie Muir became the first woman to compete for the country in the discipline; she came in the bottom fifth of entrants in both her races.[13][60][148] Short track speed skating has provided the country with many firsts. Australia won its first World Championships in a winter sport when their relay team won the 5,000 m race in 1991, which was hosted in Sydney. However, they crashed at the 1992 Olympics when the discipline was introduced and failed to win a medal,[107] and all of the individual competitors finished in the bottom half of the field.[149] They recovered to post a series of strong performances in Lillehammer in 1994. The short track relay yielded Australia's first Winter Olympic medal, a bronze.[37] The Australians also did well individually; all four representatives finished in the top 13 in at least one of their races, and in the top half in six of their eight events, including top-ten finishes for Steven Bradbury and Richard Nizielski.[150] Former Australian short-track speed skater Tatiana Borodulina. Bradbury won Australia's first winter gold medal in Salt Lake City in 2002, when he was the "last man standing" in the 1,000 m event.[55] Five men and Emily Rosemond competed in short track in 2006.[60] Rosemond placed 12th in the 1,000 m, but none of the others managed to pass the first round.[151][152] From 1994 to 2006, Bradbury (three times in 2002) and Rosemond have been the only two Australians to finish in the top half of the field, and the men's relay team has missed the final on every occasion.[50] In 2010, the sole male racer Lachlan Hay was eliminated in the first round, while the sole female, Tatiana Borodulina made the semifinals in two events, placing 7th and 11th.[153] Team ice sports[edit] Australia has competed once in ice hockey, in 1960. The team lost every game, placing last out of nine countries.[8] Australia has not competed in curling as an official sport at the Olympics, but has competed in it as a demonstration sport, placing seventh in 1992.[32] These are the only times that Australia has competed in team sports involving ball-like objects.[13][60] Snowboarding[edit] Zeke Steggall—brother of Zali—represented Australia in snowboarding's first two appearances at the Olympics in 1998 and 2002, finishing in the bottom 20% in each of his slalom races.[154] The number of events in the discipline was increased and the 2006 team consisted of nine athletes, who competed in all three events for both men and women.[60][155] The team representing Australia at the 2006 Winter Olympics was Mitchell Allan (halfpipe),[156] Torah Bright (halfpipe),[64] Andrew Burton (halfpipe),[157] Holly Crawford (halfpipe),[158] Damon Hayler (snowboard cross),[159] Ben Mates (halfpipe),[160] Emanuel Oppliger (parallel giant slalom),[161] Johanna Shaw (parallel giant slalom)[162] and Emily Thomas (snowboard cross).[60][155][163] Bright came fifth, and Hayler came seventh,[64][159] and the pair were the only Australians—apart from Oppliger (15th)—to finish in the top half of their respective events.[156][157][158][160][161][162][163] In 2010, Bright returned and won gold.[155] After falling in her first run in the final—only the highest of the two runs is counted—she had to perform her second run before all the other competitors as she was ranked last after the first phase, and produced the top-score, which the others could not match.[73] Crawford came eighth in the final. Australia's two male competitors Mates and Scott James finished in the middle of the field and missed the finals.[81] In the snowboard cross, Hayler came tenth, while Alex Pullin was fastest in the qualification time trial, but crashed in the first round of racing, while the sole female racer Stephanie Hickey finished near bottom. Shaw was again Australia's sole slalom racer, and ended in the bottom half.[81] Australia at the Winter Paralympics[edit] Main article: Australia at the Winter Paralympics Australia has competed in every Winter Paralympics since the inaugural games in 1976. Their sole participant in 1976 was Ron Finneran, although he was not an official entrant.[164] In 1980, alpine and cross-country skier Kyrra Grunnsund and cross-country skier Peter Rickards became the first official competitors for Australia.[165][166] The number of Australian athletes increased to three, five, five and six at the next four games, respectively, and all of the athletes were alpine skiers. The participation decreased to four in 1998 and climbed back up to six in 2002.[167][168][169][170][171][172] Australia won its first Winter Paralympic medals in 1992, and has medalled at every games since then.[165][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174] All of the medals have been won in alpine skiing.[172][173][174][175] Australia won four medals in 1992—one gold, one silver and two bronze. Michael Milton, an amputee alpine skier, won gold in the slalom and silver in the super-G. In paraplegic sit-skiing, David Munk won bronze in the super-G, and Michael Norton won bronze in the downhill.[169] In 1994, Australia won three gold, two silver and four bronze medals.[170] Milton won gold in the giant slalom, silver in the slalom and bronze in the downhill and super-G, and Norton won gold in the slalom and super-G. James Patterson, a skier with cerebral palsy,[175] won silver in the downhill and bronze in the giant slalom. Munk won another bronze, this time in the giant slalom. In 1998, Australia won two medals, both through Paterson: gold in the downhill and bronze in the slalom.[175] In 2002, Australia's medal count consisted of six golds and one silver.[172] Milton swept his disability class, winning gold in the downhill, super-G, giant slalom and slalom.[172] Bart Bunting, a vision-impaired skier guided by Nathan Chivers,[176] won gold in the downhill and super-G, and silver in the giant slalom.[172] In 2006, Emily Jansen, a leg amputee alpine skier, became Australia's first female Winter Paralympian.[165][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][177] James Millar, born without his right forearm,[178] competed in the cross-country and the biathlon,[178] becoming the first Australian to compete in an event outside alpine skiing.[165][167][168][169][170][171][172][173] Milton attended his last Paralympics,[173][174] but did not win a medal. A target of two medals was set, which took into account the merging of several disability classes.[179] Australia met this target, as Milton won silver in the downhill and Toby Kane won bronze in the super-G.[173] In 2010, Australia won a silver and three bronze medals, all in alpine skiing.[174] Jessica Gallagher became the first Australian woman to win a medal, taking bronze in the slalom for the visually impaired. Cameron Rahles Rabula won bronze in both the slalom and super combined.[174] Australia at the Summer Olympics Australia at the Winter Paralympics Australia at the Commonwealth Games Olympic Winter Institute of Australia Skiing in Australia ^ a b c d e f g h Gordon (1994), p. 411. ^ Gordon (1994), pp. 411–417. ^ a b c Gordon (1994), p. 415. ^ Andrews, p. 228. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Gordon (1994), p. 522. ^ a b c d e Gordon (1994), p. 413. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Gordon (1994), pp. 522–526. ^ The Compendium, p. 215. ^ a b Gordon (1994), p. 416. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa The Compendium, pp. 215–227. ^ a b Andrews, p. 403. ^ a b c d e f Gordon (1994), p. 523. ^ Gordon (2003), p. 269. ^ Andrews, pp. 93–94. ^ a b c Gordon (1994), pp. 523–524. ^ a b c d Gordon (1994), p. 524. ^ a b McAvaney, p. 132. ^ Andrews, p. 3. ^ a b c d e f g Gordon (1994), p. 426. ^ a b McAvaney p. 135. ^ Andrew, p. 251. ^ Andrews, pp. 252–253. ^ a b c d e Andrews, p. 314. ^ a b c The Compendium, pp. 224–227. ^ The Compendium, pp. 213–227. ^ a b "The Sports Factor - Amateurism in Sport". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 22 February 2002. Retrieved 4 February 2015. ^ "XC Files: No Australian Cross Country Skiers..." Skiing Australia Cross Country Committee. 7 February 2002. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ a b c d e Gordon (2003), pp. 287–299. ^ a b c "Australia win first ever gold". British Broadcasting Corporation. 17 February 2002. Retrieved 21 July 2009. ^ a b "Australia salutes Bradbury". British Broadcasting Corporation. 18 February 2002. Retrieved 21 July 2009. ^ "Cooper ready to make up for lost time". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 22 February 2006. Retrieved 3 November 2005. ^ a b c "Alisa Camplin Freestyle Skiing". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ a b Gordon (2003), pp. 294–298. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Record team picked for Winter Games". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 25 January 2006. Retrieved 1 April 2008. ^ a b "Cooper shines in aerial qualifying". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 22 February 2006. Retrieved 1 April 2008. ^ a b "Camplin wins bronze, Cooper crashes out". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 23 February 2006. Retrieved 1 April 2008. ^ a b "Dale Begg-Smith Freestyle Skiing". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ a b c "Torah Bright Snowboard". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 31 January 2009. ^ "Athlete: Damon Hayler". Olympic Winter Institute of Australia. Archived from the original on 23 January 2009. Retrieved 14 March 2009. ^ a b "Nerves of Steele as track sparks fear". The Age. 15 February 2006. Retrieved 21 July 2009. ^ a b "Athlete: Michelle Steele". Olympic Winter Institute of Australia. Archived from the original on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 14 March 2009. ^ "Aussies land on their feet for Olympics". The Sydney Morning Herald. 3 February 2006. Retrieved 21 July 2009. ^ "Lachlan Hay Skating - Short Track". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ a b "Aussies buoyed by Vancouver performances". 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Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 1 March 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2005. ^ Brodie, Will (1 March 2010). "New Icehouse a big hit". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 3 November 2005. ^ a b "AOC Funding - Winter Sports". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 24 July 2009. ^ "Principal Partner". Olympic Winter Institute of Australia. Archived from the original on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2009. ^ Cullen, Glenn (11 March 2009). "Australian winter Olympic athletes receive funding boost". Newslimited. Retrieved 10 December 2011. ^ "Olympic boss John Coates pleads for $108m boost to sports funding". The Australian. 27 October 2009. Retrieved 10 December 2011. ^ Gordon (1994), pp. 511, 513. ^ a b "Getting to Thredbo by car". Thredbo. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ a b "Do you get a lot of snow in Tasmania and where can I go skiing?". Government of Tasmania. Archived from the original on 29 June 2009. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ "Winter 2008". Thredbo. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ Selwyn Snowfields - Your Winter Playground - History ^ "Australian Alps - Tourism Australia". Archived from the original on 21 February 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2011. ^ Dortmans, Bethany (28 July 2004). "'Toppa's Dream' run opens". Merimbula News Weekly. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ Turnbull, Jeff (30 June 2009). "Knee injury could keep Marshall out of Mt Buller round". Australian Associated Press. Retrieved 23 July 2009. [dead link] ^ "What is Worldloppet?". Worldloppet Ski Federation. 30 June 2009. Archived from the original on 31 May 2009. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ "2005 International Masters Ski Jumping Championships". Ski Jump East. Archived from the original on 9 November 2005. Retrieved 2 February 2006. ^ "Brisbane 2001 Goodwill Games". Australian International Sporting Events Secretariat. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 10 December 2011. ^ "Gold medallists get framed stamps" Australian Olympic Committee 25 February 2002. ^ "Australia Post to release Dale Begg-Smith gold medallist stamp". Australia Post. Archived from the original on 4 September 2007. Retrieved 27 March 2006. ^ Sharwood, Anthony (February 2006). "Five cold rings". Alpha (19). ^ a b c "2002 Australian Winter Olympic Team Guide" PDF file. Retrieved December 2005. ^ a b "Cameron Morton Biathlon". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ "Biathlon results and schedule Men's 10km sprint". British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 17 February 2010. Retrieved 21 September 2009. ^ "Australian Olympian Search". Australian Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 23 February 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ "Joanne Carter Skating - Figure". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ "Flawless Kim wins Olympic women's title". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 26 February 2010. Archived from the original on 3 April 2010. Retrieved 1 April 2010. ^ "Manuela Berchtold Freestyle Skiing". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ "Lydia Lassila Freestyle Skiing". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ a b "Jacqui Cooper Freestyle Skiing". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ a b The Compendium, p. 209. ^ "Neumannova finally wins gold". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 25 February 2006. Retrieved 1 April 2008. ^ a b "Esther Bottomley Cross Country Skiing". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ a b "Paul Murray Cross Country Skiing". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ "Clare-Louise Brumley Cross Country Skiing". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ a b "Kylie Reed Bobsleigh". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ a b "Jeremy Rolleston Bobsleigh". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ "Aussies lose appeal against Brazilian bobsledders". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 20 February 2006. Retrieved 1 April 2008. ^ a b "Hannah Campbell-Pegg Luge". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ a b "Michelle Steele Skeleton". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ a b "Shaun Boyle Skeleton". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ "Coates won't add roadblocks for Olympians". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 25 February 2010. Retrieved 1 April 2010. ^ "Australian Olympian Search". Australian Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 23 February 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2009. ^ "Emily Rosemund". Sports Reference. Retrieved 23 July 2009. ^ The Compendium, pp. 224, 227. ^ a b "Mitchell Allan Snowboard". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 31 January 2009. ^ a b "Andrew Burton Snowboard". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 31 January 2009. ^ a b "Holly Crawford Snowboard". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 31 January 2009. ^ a b "Damon Hayler Snowboard". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 31 January 2009. ^ a b "Ben Mates Snowboard". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 31 January 2009. ^ a b "Emanuel Oppliger Snowboard". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 31 January 2009. ^ a b "Johanna Shaw Snowboard". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 31 January 2009. ^ a b "Emily Thomas Snowboard". Australian Olympic Committee. Retrieved 31 January 2009. ^ "Paralympic Games History - Winter" Archived 5 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine , Australian Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 22 June 2012. ^ a b c d "Athlete Search Results". International Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2012. ^ "2010 Vancouver Games Media Guide" (PDF). Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2012. ^ a b c d "Athlete Search Results". International Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2009. ^ a b c d e "Athlete Search Results". International Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2009. ^ a b c d e f g h "Athlete Search Results". International Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2009. ^ a b c d e f "Athlete Search Results". International Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2009. ^ a b c Andrews, p. 469. ^ "Bart Bunting". Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2010. ^ "Emily Jansen – Australia's first winter woman". Melbourne Water. 9 March 2006. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2009. ^ a b "James Millar". Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 21 September 2010. ^ "Aussie Paralympians expect fewer medals". The Sydney Morning Herald. 8 March 2006. Retrieved 21 July 2009. Andrews, Malcolm (2000). Australia at the Olympic Games. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. ISBN 0-7333-0884-8. Gordon, Harry (1994). Australia and the Olympic Games. University of Queensland. ISBN 0-7022-2627-0. Gordon, Harry (2003). The time of our lives: inside the Sydney Olympics : Australia and the Olympic Games 1994–2002. University of Queensland. ISBN 0-7022-3412-5. McAvaney, Bruce (1992). The Sportsworld Year 2. Text Publishing. ISBN 1-86372-010-3. The Compendium: Official Australian Olympic Statistics 1896–2002. Australian Olympic Committee. ISBN 0-7022-3425-7. Australia NOC Nations that have competed at the Olympic Games Nations at the Summer Olympics Nations at the Winter Olympics tropical nations Korea (unified) Independent Olympians Refugee Olympic Team British West Indies United Team of Germany North Yemen South Yemen Unified Team National sports teams of Australia A1 GP M 3x3 WU-19 W 3x3 Aus A PM's XI Indoor Hockey Motorcycle Speedway PM's XIII Schoolboys Sport in Australia Disabled sports By state/territory Gaelic Games (Gaelic football, hurling) Vigoro Campdrafting Horse racing (Thoroughbred, harness, and steeplechase) Sport wrestling Trugo Wood cutting Olympics (Winter) Paralympics (Winter) Baseball World Cup Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australia_at_the_Winter_Olympics&oldid=903044896" Winter sports in Australia Articles with dead external links from February 2019 Use dmy dates from September 2012	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2467
__label__wiki	0.909032	0.909032	Believe (2013 film) This article is about the 2013 British film. For the 2013 concert film, see Justin Bieber's Believe. David Scheinmann Manuela Noble Justin Peyton Ben Timlett[1] Carmelo Pennisi, Massimiliano Durante and David Scheinmann Carmelo Pennisi and Massimiliano Durante Natascha McElhone Anne Reid Philip Jackson Christian Henson 28 September 2013 (2013-09-28) (Zurich Film Festival) 25 July 2014 (2014-07-25) (United Kingdom)[2] 92 minutes[3] United Kingdom[3] $6 million/£4.7 million[4] Believe is a 2013 British sports drama film directed by David Scheinmann. Set in Manchester in 1984, it stars Brian Cox as legendary manager, Sir Matt Busby, who comes out of retirement to coach a team of young working class boys captained by the talented but unruly Georgie Gallagher (played by Jack Smith).[1] The film also stars Natascha McElhone as Erica Gallagher, Anne Reid as Jean Busby and Toby Stephens as Georgie's prospective headmaster.[5] Believe was released theatrically in the United Kingdom on 25 July 2014.[2] 3 Filming In 1984 [6] Salford, Georgie Gallagher lives with his widowed mother Erica (Natascha McElhone). His passion for football is challenged by Erica’s desire to have Georgie attend the prestigious, rugby-playing Lancashire Grammar School For Boys, run by the strict and scholarly Dr Farquar (Toby Stephens). Georgie is up for scholarship at the prestigious school pending on his passing of the entrance exam. Whilst attending an open day at the school, Georgie sees a leaflet for a regional Manchester Junior Football Cup tournament. Determined to enter and beat the team of school bullies, Georgie snatches a wallet from a stranger in the hopes of getting the £20 entrance fee. The stranger happens to be an elderly Sir Matt Busby (Brian Cox), and after tracking him down along with the help of his friend Bob (Philip Jackson), the pair learn that Georgie is an unusually talented footballer. Matt and Georgie reach an agreement whereby Matt will coach Georgie’s football team in exchange for silence over his theft. Still needing the money to enter the football tournament, Georgie attempts to break into Dr Farquar’s house in order to steal back the tuition fee that Erica had been paying in order to ensure Georgie’s passes his entrance exam to the grammar school. He is caught and arrested, and banned from playing football as punishment. The team finds an article in the paper about Sir Matt Busby and realize that their coach is the famous manager of the legendary Manchester United team. Feeling betrayed by his team and Sir Matt Busby for not revealing his true identity before, Georgie quits the team and refuses to play in the final. Georgie is deeply hurt, feeling that all adults undoubtedly end up lying to him. On the day of Sir Matt Busby’s 75th birthday, the team gears up to play the final, while Georgie takes his exam with hopes of passing and receiving his scholarship. Georgie urges Erica to attend the final to cheer on the team. Without their leader, the team is down by 2 goals. In a moment of grace, Dr. Farquar interrupts the game with his beloved brass band, while Erica rushes to get Georgie to play the second half of the match. Georgie confides in his mother and says he wants to win the cup in honour of his late father. In the final moments of the game Georgie scores with a direct free kick to win the cup. Jack Smith as Georgie Gallagher Brian Cox as Sir Matt Busby Natascha McElhone as Erica Gallagher Anne Reid as Jean Busby Philip Jackson as Bob Kate Ashfield as Helen James Callis as Man in Mac Toby Stephens as Dr. Farquer Filming[edit] Filming began in September 2011 and took place at various locations around Greater Manchester; many key scenes were shot at the Stockport Cricket Club. ^ a b Robert Mitchell (5 February 2013). "Tyke soccer drama 'Believe' to get U.K. release". Variety. Retrieved 3 June 2014. ^ a b "UK Film release schedule – past, present and future". Launchingfilms.com. 28 April 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014. ^ a b "Zurich Film Festival". Zff.com. Retrieved 3 June 2014. ^ https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2009606/?ref_=adv_li_tt ^ Nesselson, Lisa (8 October 2013). "Believe \| Reviews \| Screen". Screendaily.com. Retrieved 3 June 2014. ^ "The Film Catalogue – Believe! – Intandem Films". www.thefilmcatalogue.com. Retrieved 3 June 2014. Believe on IMDb Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Believe_(2013_film)&oldid=872897289" British drama films British films British sports films Association football films Films set in the 1980s Films set in Manchester Use British English from June 2016	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2468
__label__wiki	0.864965	0.864965	(Redirected from Larry Summers) Find sources: "Lawrence Summers" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 8th Director of the National Economic Council January 20, 2009 – December 31, 2010 Diana Farrell Keith Hennessey Gene Sperling 27th President of Harvard University July 1, 2001 – June 30, 2006 Neil Rudenstine 71st United States Secretary of the Treasury July 2, 1999 – January 20, 2001 Robert Rubin Paul H. O'Neill United States Deputy Secretary of the Treasury August 11, 1995 – July 2, 1999 Frank N. Newman Stuart E. Eizenstat Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs April 5, 1993 – August 11, 1995 David Mulford Michael Bruno Chief Economist of the World Bank January 14, 1991 – January 1993 Barber Conable Lewis Thompson Preston Stanley Fischer Lawrence Henry Summers New Haven, Connecticut, U.S. Victoria Perry (m. 1984–2003) Elisa New (m. 2005) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (BS) Harvard University (MA, PhD) School or New Keynesian economics Alan Krueger, James R. Hines Jr. Information at IDEAS / RePEc An asset price approach to the analysis of capital income taxation (1982) Lawrence Henry Summers (born November 30, 1954) is an American economist, former Vice President of Development Economics and Chief Economist of the World Bank (1991–93),[1][2][3] senior U.S. Treasury Department official throughout President Clinton's administration (ultimately Treasury Secretary, 1999–2001),[2][3][4] and former director of the National Economic Council for President Obama (2009–2010).[2][3] He is a former president of Harvard University (2001–2006),[3][5] where he is currently (as of March, 2017) a professor and director of the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government.[3][6][7] Born in New Haven, Connecticut, Summers became a professor of economics at Harvard University in 1983. He left Harvard in 1991, working as the Chief Economist at the World Bank from 1991 to 1993. In 1993, Summers was appointed Undersecretary for International Affairs of the United States Department of the Treasury under the Clinton Administration. In 1995, he was promoted to Deputy Secretary of the Treasury under his long-time political mentor Robert Rubin. In 1999, he succeeded Rubin as Secretary of the Treasury. While working for the Clinton administration Summers played a leading role in the American response to the 1994 economic crisis in Mexico, the 1997 Asian financial crisis, and the Russian financial crisis. He was also influential in the Harvard Institute for International Development and American-advised privatization of the economies of the post-Soviet states, and in the deregulation of the U.S financial system, including the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act. Following the end of Clinton's term, Summers served as the 27th President of Harvard University from 2001 to 2006. Summers resigned as Harvard's president in the wake of a no-confidence vote by Harvard faculty, which resulted in large part from Summers's conflict with Cornel West, financial conflict of interest questions regarding his relationship with Andrei Shleifer, and a 2005 speech in which he suggested that the under-representation of women in science and engineering could be due to a "different availability of aptitude at the high end", and less to patterns of discrimination and socialization. Remarking upon political correctness in institutions of higher education, Summers said in 2016: There is a great deal of absurd political correctness. Now, I'm somebody who believes very strongly in diversity, who resists racism in all of its many incarnations, who thinks that there is a great deal that's unjust in American society that needs to be combated, but it seems to be that there is a kind of creeping totalitarianism in terms of what kind of ideas are acceptable and are debatable on college campuses.[8] After his departure from Harvard, Summers worked as a managing partner at the hedge fund D. E. Shaw & Co., and as a freelance speaker at other financial institutions, including Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup, Merrill Lynch and Lehman Brothers. Summers rejoined public service during the Obama administration, serving as the Director of the White House United States National Economic Council for President Barack Obama from January 2009 until November 2010, where he emerged as a key economic decision-maker in the Obama administration's response to the Great Recession. After his departure from the NEC in December 2010, Summers has worked in the private sector and as a columnist in major newspapers. In mid-2013, his name was widely floated as the potential successor to Ben Bernanke as the Chairman of the Federal Reserve, though Obama eventually nominated Federal Reserve Vice-Chairwoman Janet Yellen for the position. As of 2017, Summers retains his Harvard University status as former president emeritus and Charles W. Eliot University Professor. 1 Family and education 2.1 Academic economist 2.2 Public official 2.3 Chief Economist at the World Bank 2.3.1 "Dirty industries" controversy 2.4 Service in the Clinton Administration 2.4.1 Views on banking regulation 2.5 President of Harvard 2.5.1 Cornel West affair 2.5.2 Differences between the sexes 2.5.3 Summers's opposition and support at Harvard 2.5.4 Support of economist Andrei Shleifer 2.5.5 Donations to Harvard from Jeffrey Epstein 2.5.6 Resignation as Harvard President 2.6 Post-Harvard presidency career 2.7 Business interests 2.8 National Economic Council 2.9 Post-NEC career 3 Candidacy for chairmanship of the Federal Reserve 4 In popular culture Family and education[edit] Summers was born in New Haven, Connecticut, on November 30, 1954, into a Jewish family, the son of two economists, Robert Summers (who changed the family surname from Samuelson) and Anita Summers (of Romanian-Jewish ancestry), who are both professors at the University of Pennsylvania. He is also the nephew of two Nobel laureates in economics: Paul Samuelson (brother of Robert Summers) and Kenneth Arrow (brother of Anita Summers). He spent most of his childhood in Penn Valley, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia, where he attended Harriton High School. At age 16,[9] he entered Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he originally intended to study physics but soon switched to economics (S.B., 1975). He was also an active member of the MIT debating team and qualified for participation in the annual National Debate Tournament three times. He attended Harvard University as a graduate student (Ph.D., 1982).[10] In 1983, at age 28, Summers became one of the youngest tenured professors in Harvard's history. It was also during this time that Summers was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma. He underwent treatment and has since remained cancer free. He was a visiting academic at the London School of Economics[11] in 1987. Summers has three children (older twin daughters Ruth and Pamela and son Harry) with his first wife, Victoria Joanne (Perry).[12][13] In December 2005, Summers married English professor Elisa New, who has three daughters (Yael, Orli and Maya) from a previous marriage. He lives in Brookline, Massachusetts. Academic economist[edit] Summers in 1990 As a researcher, Summers has made important contributions in many areas of economics, primarily public finance, labor economics, financial economics, and macroeconomics. Summers has also worked in international economics, economic demography, economic history and development economics.[14] He received the John Bates Clark Medal in 1993 from the American Economic Association.[15] In 1987, he was the first social scientist to win the Alan T. Waterman Award from the National Science Foundation. Summers is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Public official[edit] Summers was on the staff of the Council of Economic Advisers under President Reagan in 1982–1983. He also served as an economic adviser to the Dukakis Presidential campaign in 1988. Chief Economist at the World Bank[edit] Summers left Harvard in 1991 and served as Vice President of Development Economics and Chief Economist for the World Bank until 1993.[1][2][3] According to the World Bank's Data & Research office (March, 2017), Summers returned to Washington, D.C. in 1991 as the World Bank's Vice President of Development Economics and Chief Economist. As such, Summers played a "key role" in designing strategies to aid developing countries, worked on the bank's loan committee, guided the bank's research and statistics operations, and guided external training programs.[1] The World Bank's official site also reports that Summer's research included an "influential" report that demonstrated a very high return from investments in educating girls in developing nations.[1] According to The Economist, Summers was "often at the centre of heated debates" about economic policy, to an extent exceptional for the history of the World Bank in recent decades.[16] "Dirty industries" controversy[edit] Further information: Summers memo In December 1991, while at the World Bank, Summers signed a memo that was leaked to the press. Lant Pritchett has claimed authorship of the private memo, which both he and Summers say was intended as sarcasm.[17] The memo stated that "the economic logic behind dumping a load of toxic waste in the lowest wage country is impeccable and we should face up to that.[17] ... I've always thought that under-populated countries in Africa are vastly underpolluted."[18] According to Pritchett, the memo, as leaked, was doctored to remove context and intended irony, and was "a deliberate fraud and forgery to discredit Larry and the World Bank."[19][17] Service in the Clinton Administration[edit] In 1993, Summers was appointed Undersecretary for International Affairs and later in the United States Department of the Treasury under the Clinton Administration. In 1995, he was promoted to Deputy Secretary of the Treasury under his long-time political mentor Robert Rubin. In 1999, he succeeded Rubin as Secretary of the Treasury. Much of Summers's tenure at the Treasury Department was focused on international economic issues. He was deeply involved in the Clinton administration's effort to bail out Mexico and Russia when those nations had currency crises.[20] Summers set up a project through which the Harvard Institute for International Development provided advice to the Russian government between 1992 and 1997. Later there was a scandal when it emerged that some of the Harvard project members had invested in Russia, and were therefore not impartial advisors.[21] Summers encouraged then-Russian leader Boris Yeltsin to use the same "three-'ations'" of policy he advocated in the Clinton Administration – "privatization, stabilization, and liberalization."[22] Summers pressured the Korean government to raise its interest rates and balance its budget in the midst of a recession, policies criticized by Paul Krugman and Joseph Stiglitz.[23] According to the book The Chastening, by Paul Blustein, during this crisis, Summers, along with Paul Wolfowitz, pushed for regime change in Indonesia.[24] Summers was a leading voice within the Clinton Administration arguing against American leadership in greenhouse gas reductions and against US participation in the Kyoto Protocol, according to internal documents made public in 2009.[25] As Treasury Secretary, Summers led the Clinton Administration's opposition to tax cuts proposed by the Republican Congress in 1999.[26] During the California energy crisis of 2000, then-Treasury Secretary Summers teamed with Alan Greenspan and Enron executive Kenneth Lay to lecture California Governor Gray Davis on the causes of the crisis, explaining that the problem was excessive government regulation.[27] Under the advice of Kenneth Lay, Summers urged Davis to relax California's environmental standards in order to reassure the markets.[28] Summers hailed the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act in 1999, which lifted more than six decades of restrictions against banks offering commercial banking, insurance, and investment services (by repealing key provisions in the 1933 Glass–Steagall Act): "Today Congress voted to update the rules that have governed financial services since the Great Depression and replace them with a system for the 21st century," Summers said.[29] "This historic legislation will better enable American companies to compete in the new economy."[29] Many critics, including President Barack Obama, have suggested the 2007 subprime mortgage financial crisis was caused by the partial repeal of the 1933 Glass–Steagall Act.[30] Indeed, as a member of President Clinton's Working Group on Financial Markets, Summers, along with U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Chairman Arthur Levitt, Fed Chairman Greenspan, and Secretary Rubin, torpedoed an effort to regulate the derivatives that many blame for bringing the financial market down in Fall 2008.[31] Views on banking regulation[edit] On May 7, 1998, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) issued a Concept Release soliciting input from regulators, academics, and practitioners to determine "how best to maintain adequate regulatory safeguards without impairing the ability of the OTC (over-the-counter) derivatives market to grow and the ability of U.S. entities to remain competitive in the global financial marketplace."[32] On July 30, 1998, then-Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Summers testified before the U.S. Congress that "the parties to these kinds of contract are largely sophisticated financial institutions that would appear to be eminently capable of protecting themselves from fraud and counterparty insolvencies." At the time Summers stated that "to date there has been no clear evidence of a need for additional regulation of the institutional OTC derivatives market, and we would submit that proponents of such regulation must bear the burden of demonstrating that need."[33] In 1999 Summers endorsed the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act which removed the separation between investment and commercial banks, saying "With this bill, the American financial system takes a major step forward towards the 21st Century."[34] When George Stephanopoulos asked Summers about the financial crisis in an ABC interview on March 15, 2009, Summers replied that "there are a lot of terrible things that have happened in the last eighteen months, but what's happened at A.I.G. ... the way it was not regulated, the way no one was watching ... is outrageous." In February 2009, Summers quoted John Maynard Keynes, saying "When circumstances change, I change my opinion", reflecting both on the failures of Wall Street deregulation and his new leadership role in the government bailout.[35] On April 18, 2010, in an interview on ABC's "This Week" program, Clinton said Summers was wrong in the advice he gave him not to regulate derivatives. President of Harvard[edit] In 2001, when George W. Bush became President, Summers left the Treasury Department and returned to Harvard as its 27th president, serving from July 2001 until June 2006.[15] He is considered Harvard's first Jewish president, though his predecessor Neil Rudenstine had Jewish ancestry, and received praise from Harvard's Jewish community for his support.[36] A number of Summers's decisions at Harvard have attracted public controversy, either at the time or since his resignation. Cornel West affair[edit] In an October 2001 meeting, Summers criticized African American Studies department head Cornel West for allegedly missing three weeks of classes to work on the Bill Bradley presidential campaign, and complained that West was contributing to grade inflation. Summers also claimed that West's "rap" album was an "embarrassment" to the university. West pushed back strongly against the accusations.[37] "The hip-hop scared him. It's a stereotypical reaction", he said later. West, who later called Summers both "uninformed" and "an unprincipled power player" in describing this encounter in his book Democracy Matters (2004), subsequently returned to Princeton University, where he had taught prior to Harvard University. Differences between the sexes[edit] See also: Women in science In January 2005, at a Conference on Diversifying the Science & Engineering Workforce sponsored by the National Bureau of Economic Research, Summers sparked controversy with his discussion of why women may have been underrepresented "in tenured positions in science and engineering at top universities and research institutions". Summers had prefaced his talk, saying he was adopting an "entirely positive, rather than normative approach" and that his remarks were intended to be an "attempt at provocation."[38] Summers then began by identifying three hypotheses for the higher proportion of men in high-end science and engineering positions: The high-powered job hypothesis Different availability of aptitude at the high end Different socialization and patterns of discrimination in a search[38] The second hypothesis, the generally greater variability among men (compared to women) in tests of cognitive abilities,[39][40][41] leading to proportionally more males than females at both the lower and upper tails of the test score distributions, caused the most controversy. In his discussion of this hypothesis, Summers said that "even small differences in the standard deviation [between genders] will translate into very large differences in the available pool substantially out [from the mean]".[38] Summers referenced research that implied differences between the standard deviations of males and females in the top 5% of twelfth graders under various tests. He then went on to argue that, if this research were to be accepted, then "whatever the set of attributes ... that are precisely defined to correlate with being an aeronautical engineer at MIT or being a chemist at Berkeley ... are probably different in their standard deviations as well".[38] Summers then concluded his discussion of the three hypotheses by saying: So my best guess, to provoke you, of what's behind all of this is that the largest phenomenon, by far, is the general clash between people's legitimate family desires and employers' current desire for high power and high intensity, that in the special case of science and engineering, there are issues of intrinsic aptitude, and particularly of the variability of aptitude, and that those considerations are reinforced by what are in fact lesser factors involving socialization and continuing discrimination. I would like nothing better than to be proved wrong, because I would like nothing better than for these problems to be addressable simply by everybody understanding what they are, and working very hard to address them.[38] Summers then went on to discuss approaches to remedying the shortage of women in high-end science and engineering positions. This lunch-time talk drew accusations of sexism and careless scholarship, and an intense negative response followed, both nationally and at Harvard.[42] Summers apologized repeatedly.[43] Nevertheless, the controversy is speculated to have contributed to his resigning his position as president of Harvard University the following year, as well as costing Summers the job of Treasury Secretary in Obama's administration.[44] Summers's protégée Sheryl Sandberg has defended him saying that "Larry has been a true advocate for women throughout his career" at the World Bank and Treasury. Sandberg described of the lunch talk "What few seem to note is that it is remarkable that he was giving the speech in the first place – that he cared enough about women's careers and their trajectory in the fields of math and science to proactively analyze the issues and talk about what was going wrong".[45] Summers's opposition and support at Harvard[edit] On March 15, 2005, members of the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences, which instructs graduate students in Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and undergraduates in Harvard College, passed 218–185 a motion of "lack of confidence" in the leadership of Summers, with 18 abstentions. A second motion that offered a milder censure of the president passed 253 to 137, also with 18 abstentions. The members of the Harvard Corporation, the University's highest governing body, are in charge of the selection of the president and issued statements strongly supporting Summers. FAS faculty were not unanimous in their comments on Summers. Influential psychologist Steven Pinker defended the legitimacy of Summers's January lecture. When asked if Summers's talk was "within the pale of legitimate academic discourse," Pinker responded "Good grief, shouldn't everything be within the pale of legitimate academic discourse, as long as it is presented with some degree of rigor? That's the difference between a university and a madrassa. There is certainly enough evidence for the hypothesis to be taken seriously."[46] Summers had stronger support among Harvard College students than among the college faculty. One poll by the Harvard Crimson indicated that students opposed his resignation by a three-to-one margin, with 57% of responding students opposing his resignation and 19% supporting it.[47] In July 2005, a board member of Harvard Corporation, Conrad K. Harper, resigned saying he was angered both by the university president's comments about women and by Summers being given a salary increase. The resignation letter to the president said, "I could not and cannot support a raise in your salary, ... I believe that Harvard's best interests require your resignation."[48][49] Support of economist Andrei Shleifer[edit] Harvard and Andrei Shleifer, a close friend and protégé of Summers, controversially paid $28.5 million to settle a lawsuit by the U.S. government over the conflict of interest Shleifer had while advising Russia's privatisation program. The US government had sued Shleifer under the False Claims Act, as he bought Russian stocks while designing the country's privatisation. In 2004, a federal judge ruled that while Harvard had violated the contract, Shleifer and his associate alone were liable for treble damages. In June 2005, Harvard and Shleifer announced that they had reached a tentative settlement with the US government. In August, Harvard, Shleifer and the Department of Justice reached an agreement under which the university paid $26.5 million to settle the five-year-old lawsuit. Shleifer was also responsible for paying $2 million worth of damages. Because Harvard paid almost all of the damages and allowed Shleifer to retain his faculty position, the settlement provoked allegations of favoritism on Summers. His continued support for Shleifer strengthened Summers's unpopularity with other professors, as reported in the Harvard Crimson: I've been a member of this Faculty for over 45 years, and I am no longer easily shocked," is how Frederick H. Abernathy, the McKay professor of mechanical engineering, began his biting comments about the Shleifer case at Tuesday's fiery Faculty meeting. But, Abernathy continued, "I was deeply shocked and disappointed by the actions of this University" in the Shleifer affair.[50] In an 18,000-word article "How Harvard lost Russia" in Institutional Investor by David McClintick (January 2006), the magazine detailed Shleifer's alleged efforts to use his inside knowledge of and sway over the Russian economy in order to make lucrative personal investments, all while leading a Harvard group, advising the Russian government, that was under contract with the U.S. The article suggests that Summers shielded his fellow economist from disciplinary action by the University, although it noted that Summers had forewarned Shleifer and his wife Nancy Zimmerman about the conflict-of-interest regulations back in 1996.[50] Summers's friendship with Shleifer was well known by the Corporation when it selected him to succeed Rudenstine and Summers recused himself from all proceedings with Shleifer, whose case was actually handled by an independent committee led by former Harvard President Derek Bok. Donations to Harvard from Jeffrey Epstein[edit] An article in the Harvard Crimson in 2003, during Summers's tenure as president, detailed a reportedly "special connection" between Summers and sex offender Jeffrey Epstein.[51] Epstein pledged to donate at least $25 million to Harvard during Summers's tenure to endow Harvard's Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, and Epstein was given an office at Harvard for his personal use.[52][53] Epstein otherwise had no formal connection to Harvard.[51] Summers's ties to Epstein reportedly began "a number of years...before Summers became Harvard’s president and even before he was the Secretary of the Treasury."[51] A charity funded by Epstein also donated to the production of a PBS show hosted by Summers's wife and Harvard professor Elisa New.[54] Resignation as Harvard President[edit] On February 21, 2006, Summers announced his intention to step down at the end of the school year effective June 30, 2006. Harvard agreed to provide Summers on his resignation with a one-year paid sabbatical leave, subsidized a $1 million outstanding loan from the university for his personal residence, and provided other payments.[55] Former University President Derek Bok acted as Interim President while the University conducted a search for a replacement which ended with the naming of Drew Gilpin Faust on February 11, 2007. Post-Harvard presidency career[edit] President Barack Obama, on left, discusses with a group in the White House, including Larry Summers on far right (back to camera) After a one-year sabbatical, Summers subsequently accepted Harvard University's invitation to serve as the Charles W. Eliot University Professor, one of twenty select University-wide professorships, with offices in the Kennedy School of Government and the Harvard Business School.[56] In 2006 he was also a member of the Panel of Eminent Persons which reviewed the work of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. He is a member in the Group of Thirty. He also currently serves on the Berggruen Institute's 21st Century Council, and was part of a 2015 Berggruen-organized meeting with Chinese president Xi Jinping.[57][58] Business interests[edit] On October 19, 2006, Summers was hired as a part-time managing director of the New York-based hedge fund D. E. Shaw & Co. for which he received $5 million in salary and other compensation over a 16-month period.[59] At the same time Summers earned $2.8 million in speaking fees from major financial institutions,[60][61] including Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup, Merrill Lynch and Lehman Brothers.[62] Upon being nominated Treasury Secretary by President Clinton in 1999, Summers listed assets of about $900,000 and debts, including a mortgage, of $500,000.[61] By the time he returned in 2009 to serve in the Obama administration, he reported a net worth between $17 million and $39 million.[61] He is a former member of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group.[63] In 2013, Summers became an early angel investor in India's first car rental company, Zoomcar, which was started by his former Harvard Teaching Fellow.[64] National Economic Council[edit] Upon the inauguration of Barack Obama as president in January 2009, Summers was appointed to the post of director of the National Economic Council.[65] In this position Summers emerged as a key economic decision-maker in the Obama administration, where he attracted both praise and criticism. There had been friction between Summers and former Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker, as Volcker accused Summers of delaying the effort to organize a panel of outside economic advisers, and Summers had cut Volcker out of White House meetings and had not shown interest in collaborating on policy solutions to the economic crisis.[66] On the other hand, Obama himself was reportedly thrilled with the work Summers did in his first few weeks on the job. And Peter Orszag, another top economic advisor, called Summers "one of the world's most brilliant economists."[67] According to Henry Kissinger Larry Summers should "be given a White House post in which he was charged with shooting down or fixing bad ideas." [68] In January 2009, as the Obama Administration tried to pass an economic stimulus spending bill, Representative Peter DeFazio (D-OR.) criticized Summers, saying that he thought that President Barack Obama is "ill-advised by Larry Summers. Larry Summers hates infrastructure."[69] DeFazio, along with liberal economists including Paul Krugman and Joseph Stiglitz, had argued that more of the stimulus should be spent on infrastructure,[70] while Summers had supported tax cuts.[71] In late 2008, Summers and economic advisors for then-President-elect Obama presented a memo with options for an economic stimulus package ranging from $550 billion to $900 billion.[72] According to The New Republic, economic advisor Christina Romer initially recommended a $1.8-trillion package, which proposal Summers quickly rejected, believing any stimulus approaching $1 trillion would not pass through Congress. Romer revised her recommendation to $1.2 trillion, which Summers agreed to include in the memo, but Summers struck the figure at the last minute.[73] According to the Wall Street Journal, Summers called Senator Chris Dodd (D-CT) asking him to remove caps on executive pay at firms that have received stimulus money, including Citigroup.[74] On April 3, 2009 Summers came under renewed criticism after it was disclosed that he was paid millions of dollars the previous year by companies which he now had influence over as a public servant. He earned $5 million from the hedge fund D. E. Shaw, and collected $2.7 million in speaking fees from Wall Street companies that received government bailout money.[75] Post-NEC career[edit] Summers with Volodymyr Groysman in Ukraine. Since leaving the NEC in December 2010, Summers has worked as an advisor to hedge fund D. E. Shaw & Co, Citigroup and the NASDAQ OMX Group while resuming his role as a tenured Harvard professor.[61] In June 2011 Summers joined the board of directors of Square, a company developing an electronic payment service,[76] and became a special adviser at venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz.[77] He joined the board of person-to-person lending company Lending Club in December 2012.[78] In July 2015 Summers joined the Board of Directors of Premise Data, a San Francisco-based data and analytics technology company that sources data from a global network of on-the-ground contributors.[79][80] In April 2016, he was one of eight former Treasury secretaries who called on the United Kingdom to remain a member of the European Union ahead of the June 2016 Referendum.[81] Summers referred to the United Kingdom's "Brexit" vote on June 23, 2016 - which concluded in favor of leaving the European Union - as the "worst self-inflicted policy wound that a country has done since the Second World War". However, Summers cautioned that the result was a "wake up call for elites everywhere" and called for "responsible nationalism" in response to simmering public sentiment.[82] Candidacy for chairmanship of the Federal Reserve[edit] In 2013, Summers emerged as one of two leading candidates, along with Janet Yellen, to succeed Ben Bernanke as head of the Federal Reserve System in 2014. The possibility of his nomination created a great deal of controversy with some Senators of both parties declaring opposition. On September 15, Summers withdrew his name from consideration for the position, writing "I have reluctantly concluded that any possible confirmation process for me would be acrimonious and would not serve the interest of the Federal Reserve, the Administration or, ultimately, the interests of the nation's ongoing economic recovery.".[83][84] In popular culture[edit] The 2010 film The Social Network, which deals with the founding of the social networking site Facebook, shows Summers (played by Douglas Urbanski), in his then-capacity as President of Harvard, meeting with Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss to discuss their accusations against Mark Zuckerberg. In the 2010 documentary Inside Job, Summers is presented as one of the key figures behind the late-2000s financial crisis. Charles Ferguson points out the economist's role in what he characterizes as the deregulation of many domains of the financial sector.[85] In The Simpsons episode "E My Sports" (S30 E17), the character Principal Seymour Skinner looks at a $100 bill and remarks "$100 bill, autographed by Lawrence Summers. Such a carefree signature, before the great recession." Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration ^ a b c d "Former Chief Economists", Data & Research office, The World Bank, retrieved March 31, 2017 ^ a b c d "Lawrence H. Summers", World Bank Live, The World Bank, retrieved March 31, 2017 ^ a b c d e f "Lawrence H. Summers," Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, retrieved March 31, 2017 ^ "Lawrence Summers (1999 - 2001)," U.S. Treasury Department, Last Updated: 11/20/2010, retrieved March 31, 2017 ^ "Historical Facts", Harvard University, retrieved March 31, 2017 ^ Listing Detail: "Lawrence H. Summers," Public Harvard Directory, retrieved March 31, 2017 ^ Summers, Lawrence H. and John A. Haigh "From the Directors," About section, Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government, Harvard Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, retrieved March 31, 2017 ^ "Larry Summers II on Conversations with Bill Kristol". ConversationsWithBillKristol.org. Retrieved November 8, 2017. ^ Plotz, David."Larry Summers: How the Great Brain learned to grin and bear it.", Slate, June 29, 2001. ^ Summers, Lawrence Henry (1982). An asset price approach to the analysis of capital income taxation (Ph.D.). Harvard University. OCLC 9526217 – via ProQuest. ^ "Obama's LSE alumni". London School of Economics. Retrieved January 4, 2014. ^ "Victoria J. Perry, A Lawyer, Is Wed To an Economist". New York Times. September 30, 1984. Retrieved September 16, 2013. Victoria Joanne Perry, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Perry of Ormond Beach, Fla., and Cape Rosier, Me., was married yesterday to Lawrence Henry Summers, a son of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Summers of Merion Station, Pa. The ceremony was performed at the Harvard Club in Boston ... ^ "Victoria Perry to Wed L. H. Summers". The New York Times. June 10, 1984. Retrieved January 4, 2014. ^ Poterba, James M. (Winter 1995). "In Honor of Lawrence H. Summers, Winner of the John Bates Clark Medal". Journal of Economic Perspectives. 9 (1): 165–182. doi:10.1257/jep.9.1.165. ISSN 0895-3309. ^ a b "The 30 Most Famous Harvard Students Of All Time". Business Insider. Retrieved August 7, 2017. ^ "New ideas: The World Bank hires a famous contrarian," July 18, 2016, The Economist, retrieved March 31, 2017 ^ a b c "Furor on Memo At World Bank," February 7, 1992, The New York Times, retrieved March 30, 2017 ^ Office Memorandum from Lawrence M. Summers, Subject: GEP, the World Bank/IMFMIGA, 12 Dec 1991. This was an internal memo at the World Bank, not intended for the public -- reportedly sarcastic, rather than sincere, according to its authors -- that highlighted the economic logic of dumping waste in less-developed countries. ^ "Toxic Memo". Harvard Magazine. May – June 2001. , also posted at: "Toxic memo". HarvardMagazine.com. Archived from the original on December 3, 2008. Retrieved November 8, 2017. ^ A New Economic Team: The Nominee; The Administration's Fiscal Closer. The New York Times. May 13, 1999. ^ Bruno S. Sergi (2009). Misinterpreting Modern Russia. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-8264-2772-4. ^ Naomi Klein, "The Shock Doctrine", p. 231 ^ Blustein, Paul (2001). "'The Chastening'". Public Affairs, New York. Archived from the original on December 8, 2010. ^ Blustein, Paul (2001). "'The Chastening'". Public Affairs, New York. p. 232. Archived from the original on December 8, 2010. ^ Wampler, Robert (December 18, 2009). "Kyoto Redux? Obama's Challenges at Copenhagen Echo Clinton's at Kyoto". National Security Archive at George Washington University. Retrieved April 10, 2010. ^ Aides Say Clinton Would Veto Tax Compromise. The Washington Post. July 26, 1999. ^ Krugman, Paul (November 20, 2008). "California Energy Memories". The New York Times. Retrieved April 4, 2010. ^ Gibney, Alex. "Larry Summers' Enron Problem". The Daily Beast. ^ a b Labaton, Stephen (November 5, 1999). "Congress Passes Wide Ranging Law Repealing Bank laws". New York Times. Retrieved March 25, 2009. ^ Paletta, Damian (March 10, 2009). "Ten Questions for Those Fixing the Financial Mess". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 26, 2009. ^ "the warning". Frontline/PBS. October 23, 2009. Retrieved October 26, 2009. ^ "CFTC Issues Concept Release Concerning Over-The-Counter Derivatives Market". U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission. May 7, 1998. Retrieved September 16, 2013. ^ Summers, Lawrence (July 30, 1998). "Lawrence H. Summers Testimony". Archived from the original on October 25, 2009. ^ Orrell, David (2010). Economyths : ten ways economics gets it wrong. Mississauga, Ontario: John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. pp. 142–143. ISBN 9780470677933. LCCN 2011286013. ^ Michael Hirsh (February 20, 2009). "The Reeducation of Larry Summers". NewsWeek. Retrieved January 4, 2014. ^ Harvard's First Jewish President. The Harvard Crimson. March 8, 2006 ^ Bombardieri, Marcella (June 6, 2006). "Some seek a scholar's return". The Boston Globe. ^ a b c d e "Archive of: Remarks at NBER Conference on Diversifying the Science & Engineering Workforce". Archived from the original on January 30, 2008. Retrieved January 30, 2008. . January 14, 2005. ^ Hedges, L. V., & Nowell, A. (1995). Sex differences in mental scores, variability, and numbers of high scoring individuals. Science, 269, 41–45. ^ Lehrke, R. (1997). Sex linkage of intelligence: The X-Factor. NY: Praeger. ^ Lubinski, D., & Benbow, C. M. (2006). Study of mathematically precocious youth after 35 years. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1, 316–345. ^ Summers' Remarks on Women Draw Fire. The Boston Globe. January 17, 2005 ^ Saletan, William (January 21, 2005). "Don't Worry Your Pretty Little Head". Slate. ^ Summers's 'sexism' costs him top Treasury job. The Independent. November 24, 2008 ^ Sheryl Sandberg (November 7, 2008). "Larry Summers' True Record on Women". Huffington Post. Retrieved January 4, 2014. ^ Psychoanalysis Q-and-A: Steven Pinker. The Harvard Crimson. January 19, 2005 ^ Poll: Students Say Summers Should Stay. The Harvard Crimson. February 20, 2006 ^ Finder, Alan (July 29, 2005). "A Harvard Governor, Dissatisfied, Resigns". The New York Times. Retrieved December 5, 2013. ^ Board Member's Letter of Resignation. The New York Times. August 2, 2005 ^ a b Nicholas Ciarelli; Anton Troianovski (February 10, 2006). "'Tawdry Shleifer Affair' Stokes Faculty Anger Toward Summers". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved May 30, 2013. ^ a b c "Mogul Donor Gives Harvard More Than Money \| News \| The Harvard Crimson". www.thecrimson.com. Retrieved July 12, 2019. ^ Ward, Vicky (March 2003). "The Talented Mr. Epstein". Vanity Fair. Retrieved July 12, 2019. Epstein has pledged at least $25 million to Harvard to create the Epstein Program for Mathematical Biology and Evolutionary Dynamics, and Epstein will have an office at the university...He says he was reluctant to have his name attached to the program, but Summers persuaded him. ^ "Program for Evolutionary Dynamics". ped.fas.harvard.edu. Retrieved July 12, 2019. ^ Briquelet, Kate (July 10, 2019). "REVEALED: We Found Billionaire Pedophile Jeffrey Epstein's Secret Charity". Daily Beast. Retrieved July 12, 2019. In 2016, Gratitude America Ltd. shelled out $110,000 to Verse Video Education. The Cambridge, Massachusetts-based nonprofit produces the PBS show Poetry in America, whose creator and host is Harvard professor Elisa New. Verse’s 2016 tax return named New as the group’s president but doesn’t include specific donors for its $1.38 million in total contributions. New is married to Summers, Harvard University’s former president, who hobnobbed with Epstein in elite international relations groups and, like Bill Clinton, flew on Epstein’s private jet. ^ President and Fellows of Harvard College, IRS Form 990, 2006 & 2007. ^ Schuker, Daniel J. T. (July 7, 2006). "Summers Named Eliot Univ. Prof". The Harvard Crimson. ^ "Berggruen Institute". ^ "Why Nicolas Berggruen is Creating an Institute for Geniuses", Town and Country, May 11, 2016. "Another wing of the Berggruen Institute has technologists like Elon Musk and Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey, as well as former treasury secretary Larry Summers." ^ Levy, Ari (June 30, 2011). "Summers Joins Andreessen Horowitz as a Part-Time Adviser to Entrepreneurs". Bloomberg. ^ Malkin, Michelle (April 21, 2010). "All the President's Goldman men". New York Post. Retrieved August 8, 2013. ^ a b c d Benson, Clea (August 2, 2013). "Summers After Government Saw Wealth Surge to $17 Million". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved August 10, 2013. ^ Greenwald, Glenn (April 4, 2009). "Larry Summers, Tim Geithner and Wall Street's ownership of government". Salon. Retrieved August 10, 2013. ^ "Former Steering Committee Members". bilderbergmeetings.org. Bilderberg Group. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved February 8, 2014. ^ Staff, W. S. J. (August 8, 2013). "Indian Drivers Attract Larry Summers". WSJ.com. Retrieved November 8, 2017. ^ Montgomery, Lori (September 22, 2010). "Lawrence Summers to leave economic council, return to Harvard". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved August 7, 2017. ^ Schmidt, Robert; Julianna Goldman (February 5, 2009). "Volcker Chafes at Obama Panel Delay, Strains With Summers Rise". Bloomberg. ^ Calmes, Jackie (June 8, 2009). "Obama's Economic Circle Keeps Tensions High". The New York Times. Retrieved April 4, 2010. ^ Leonhardt, David (November 25, 2008). "The Return of Larry Summers". The New York Times. ^ DeFazio, Peter; Video Interview (January 2008). "DeFazio Slams Summers". ^ Krugman, Paul (January 6, 2009). "Stimulus Arithmetic (wonkish but important)". The New York Times. ^ "Sean Grady: Shootout at Jackson Hole: The World's Central Bankers Take Aim at Deflation." The Independent. August 14, 2010. ^ Lizza, Ryan (January 30, 2012). "The Obama memos". The New Yorker. ^ Scheiber, Noam (February 22, 2012). "The Memo that Larry Summers Didn't Want Obama to See". The New Republic. ^ Soloman, Deborah; Mark Maremont (February 14–15, 2009). "Bankers Face Strict Pay Cap". Wall Street Journal. pp. 1, above the fold. ^ Zeleny, Jeff (April 3, 2009). "Financial Industry Paid Millions to Obama Aide". The New York Times. Retrieved April 4, 2009. ^ TechCrunch (2011). Square Adds Former U.S. Secretary Of The Treasury Larry Summers To Board. Retrieved 24 June 2011. ^ Dealbook (2011). Larry Summers Joins Andreessen Horowitz. Retrieved June 30, 2011. ^ TechCrunch (2012). With An IPO On Its Radar, Lending Club Adds Former Treasury Secretary Larry Summers To Its Heavyweight Board. Retrieved 12 December 2012. ^ Data, Premise (July 16, 2015). "Welcoming Larry Summers to Premise's Board of Directors". Medium. Retrieved February 22, 2018. ^ Summers, Lawrence H. (April 4, 2016). "Larry Summers: Data collection is the ultimate public good". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved February 22, 2018. ^ "Staying in EU 'best hope' for UK's future say ex-US Treasury secretaries". BBC News. April 20, 2016. ^ "Lawrence Summers on Brexit: A wakeup call for elites". Retrieved July 15, 2016. ^ Kurtz, Annalyn; Yousuf, Hibah (September 15, 2013). "Larry Summers withdraws name for Fed chair job". CNNMoney. Retrieved September 15, 2013. After months of contentious public debate, Larry Summers has withdrawn his name from consideration to become the next chairman of the Federal Reserve. President Obama said he spoke with Summers earlier Sunday and accepted his decision. ^ Lowrey, Annie; Appelbaum, Binyamin (September 15, 2013). "Summers Pulls Name From Consideration for Fed Chief". New York Times. Retrieved September 16, 2013. Facing growing opposition in Congress, Lawrence H. Summers, the former Treasury secretary and a top contender for Federal Reserve chairman, told President Obama that he didn't want to be considered for the job. ^ Ferguson, Charles (October 3, 2010). "Larry Summers and the Subversion of Economics". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved January 4, 2014. Wikiquote has quotations related to: Lawrence Summers Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lawrence Summers. Faculty page at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University Profile at the U.S. Treasury Department Lawrence Summers at Big Think Lawrence Summers at the Library of Economics and Liberty Appearances on C-SPAN Lawrence Summers on Charlie Rose "Lawrence Summers collected news and commentary". The New York Times. Works by or about Lawrence Summers in libraries (WorldCat catalog) Voices on Antisemitism Interview with Lawrence Summers from the US Holocaust Museum, February 15, 2007 Robert Scheer on Resignation of Lawrence Summers – video report by Democracy Now!, September 22, 2010 Summers' policy proposals to ameliorate the "devastating consequences" of the capacity of capital employing robots, 3-D printing, artificial intelligence, and similar technologies "to replace white-collar as well as blue-collar work," Democracy: A Journal of Ideas, Issue #32, Spring 2014 Membership at the Council on Foreign Relations Stanley Fischer Chief Economist of the World Bank David Mulford Undersecretary of the Treasury for International Affairs Frank Newman United States Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Stu Eizenstat Bob Rubin United States Secretary of the Treasury Paul O'Neill Keith Hennessey Director of the National Economic Council Neil Rudenstine President of Harvard University Presidents of Harvard University Eaton† (1637–1639) Dunster (1640–1654) Chauncy (1654–1672) Hoar (1672–1675) Oakes (1675–1681) Rogers (1682–1684) Mather # (1685–1701) S. 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__label__wiki	0.945533	0.945533	This article is about the Japanese band. For other uses, see SMAP (disambiguation). SMAP on tour in 2008 1988 (1988)–2016 Johnny's net Masahiro Nakai Goro Inagaki Tsuyoshi Kusanagi Shingo Katori Katsuyuki Mori SMAP was a Japanese boy band, composed of Masahiro Nakai, Takuya Kimura, Goro Inagaki, Tsuyoshi Kusanagi, and Shingo Katori. The group was created in 1988 by music producer Johnny Kitagawa, founder of Johnny & Associates, originally as a six-piece with Katsuyuki Mori, until his departure from the band in 1996.[1][2] After making their debut in 1991, the group took the Japanese entertainment industry by storm, becoming the most successful boy band in Japanese history and the bestselling band in Asia, often referred to as a "national treasure" and a "fortune and property of the country" in Japan. SMAP was regarded as an iconic figure in Japan, after achieving an unprecedented level of success in numerous genres in the entertainment industry, including music, television, film, radio, and theater, as a group and individually. Being the first boy band to have a career for more than twenty years and to have extended its activities into various fields outside of music, SMAP was credited for changing the Japanese entertainment and music industry, in terms of prolonging longevity of boy bands and broadening careers by creating new opportunities for bands that followed. After starting out as a typical boy band, with a fan base predominantly female teens, they gradually transformed into a band with a wider audience, expanding their fan base to preteens, male adults, and even the elderly, after their success as actors and television personalities. SMAP released 55 singles, all of which reached the top 10 in the charts, 22 consecutive number one singles, and 33 number one singles in total. The band has had 24 top 10 albums and 14 number one albums. "The One and Only Flower in the World", released in 2003, is the best selling single in the 21st century and the third best selling single in Japanese history[3] and has become the most recognized song in Japan, as it appears in text books used in school and children are taught to learn the song at a young age. Other best selling singles by the group include, "Beyond the Night Sky", "Lion Heart", "Shake", "Aoi Inazuma", which also have become the most popular songs in Japan. Throughout their career, the band has sold over 35 million records in Japan alone.[4][5] In April 1996, the group launched their weekly variety show, SMAP×SMAP, which quickly gained high ratings and became one of the most famous television shows in Japan. The distinct and unique format and originality of the program has received widespread critical praise. The show ranked #1 in the annual household share ratings in 1996, 1997, 1999 - 2002, 2006, and 2016 making it the most watched television show in Japan. The episode aired in January 2002 is currently ranked #7 for the most watched Japanese variety show in history, with 34.2 million viewers. It is the eighth longest-running prime-time television program in Japan, as of 2016. SMAP officially disbanded on 31 December 2016.[6] 1.1 1986–1991: Formation 1.2 1991–1993: Debut and early years 1.3 1994–1995: Breakthrough, "Gambarimashou", and SMAP 007 Gold Singer 1.4 1996–1997: SMAP×SMAP, Lonvaca phenomenon, Mori's departure, and "Shake" 1.5 1998–2000: "Beyond the Night Sky", "Lion Heart", and Shingo Mama phenomenon 1.6 2001–2003: Smap Vest, pamS, Drink Smap, "The One and Only Flower in the World", and MIJ 1.7 2004–2005: Individual activities and Sample Bang 1.8 2006–2010: Pop Up Smap, super.modern.artistic.performance, and We are SMAP 1.9 2011–2015: Smap Aid, Gift of Smap, and Mr.S 1.10 2016-present: Break-up and post break-up 3 Other ventures 3.1 Philanthropy 3.2 Endorsements and partnerships 5.1 Television (as personality and performer) 5.2 Television (as actors) 5.4 Theatre 5.6 Commercials 6 Concert tours 7.1 Golden Arrow Award 7.2 Japan Gold Disc Award 7.3 Japan Music Award 7.4 Japan Record Award 1986–1991: Formation[edit] In 1986, Masahiro Nakai (age 14), auditioned to enter Johnny & Associates, a Japanese talent agency that recruits and trains young boys, preteens to teens, to become singers and members of boy bands. Later, in 1987, Takuya Kimura (age 15), Goro Inagaki (age 14), Katsuyuki Mori (age 13), Tsuyoshi Kusanagi (age 13), and Shingo Katori (age 10) auditioned individually and joined the agency. In Autumn 1987, twenty boys, from ages ten to seventeen, were put together into a group called The Skate Boys, which was initially created as backup dancers for a famous boy band, Hikaru Genji.[1] In April 1988, producer Johnny Kitagawa chose six out of the twenty boys to create a new boy band and named them "SMAP".[7] While the group continued to work as backup dancers for Hikaru Genji, they spent their early years as actors and television personalities. In 1988, they starred in a weekly variety program, Watto Atsumare, with Masataka Itsumi and Cha Kato and appeared regularly until the program ended several months later.[8] In 1989, they started to host their own music show, Uta no Big Fight and Pop City X, as well as appearing regularly on a variety program, Idol Kyowakoku, from 1989 to 1991.[9] In 1988, SMAP made their acting debut in a drama television series, Abunai Shonen III, playing themselves as the main role.[10] Their first self-titled variety program, SMAP no Gakuen Kids, aired from 1990 to 1991.[11] 1991–1993: Debut and early years[edit] On January 1, 1991, the band held their first concert in Nippon Budokan and their first tour from March through April, before releasing any music.[12] On September 9, 1991, they released their first single, "Can't Stop -Loving-" from Victor Entertainment, which peaked at #2 on the charts.[13] Subsequent singles, "Seigi no Mikata wa Ate ni Naranai", "Kokoro no Kagami", "Makeru na Baby" peaked in the top 10.[14] The band asked the fans to write the lyrics for "Kokoro no Kagami", and the one submitted by a fourteen-year-old girl was chosen. The song was later used in a Panasonic television commercial. They were invited to perform the song at Kohaku Uta Gassen, an annual music show, on December 31, 1991.[12] At the same time of their debut, the Japanese music industry experienced what is frequently referred to as an "Idol Ice Age", where many of the popular music shows that aired weekly since the 1980s ended, and singers and bands lost a place to perform, resulting in scarce opportunities for TV exposure. Therefore, the agency decided to market the band through variety programs, where members participated in sketch comedies and game shows along with other television personalities. This non-mainstream marketing approach turned out to be a success, as the members' humorous and playful spirits on these shows propelled them to gain new fans, despite not having many musical performances on television since their debut.[15] In 1991, the band's first self-titled television show, SMAP no Gakuen Kids, got renewed and changed to, I Love SMAP, which aired until 1996. From October 7, 1991, Inagaki launched his radio program, Stop The SMAP, still airing as of 2016.[16] From April 1992 to September 1995, the group appeared regularly on a weekly variety program, Yume ga Mori Mori. Due to the fact that this was the first time in Japanese history, that a band participated in a sketch comedy, this rare act attracted wide attention.[17] On January 1, 1992, they released their first album, SMAP 001, which peaked at #14 and released another album, SMAP 002, in the same year and peaked at #6. Their singles, "Egao no Genki", "Yuki ga Futtekita", "Zutto Wasurenai", "Hajimete no Natsu", "Kimi wa Kimi dayo", "$10", and "Kimi iro Omoi", released from 1992 through 1994, all peaked at the top 10. They headlined three tours in 1992, from January to August. In 1993, they released their third and fourth album, SMAP 003 and SMAP 004, which peaked at #11 and #3 respectively. In 1992, Inagaki starred in a drama television series, Hatachi no Yakusoku, as the main role.[18] In 1993, Kimura starred in a drama television series, Asunaro Hakusho, which became a massive hit, with an average household share rating of 27% and 31.9% for the season finale. Kimura's popularity soared and from then on, members of the band started their acting careers individually. 1994–1995: Breakthrough, "Gambarimashou", and SMAP 007 Gold Singer[edit] In 1994, they released two albums, SMAP 005 and SMAP 006 Sexy Six, which both peaked at #2. On March 12, 1994, they released their 12th single, "Hey Hey Ookini Maidoari", which gave the band their first number one hit.[19] Subsequent singles, "Original Smile", peaked at #2 and "Gambarimashou", and "Tabun Alright", reached number one. The two number-one singles became the band's ninth and tenth best selling single. "Gambarimashou" saw a jump in sales from the previous singles, becoming one of the most popular songs in Japan and helped the band gain a broader fan base. From 2002, "Original Smile" appeared on text books used in music classes in high school.[20] From April 1994, Nakai and Katori started starring on the most famous Japanese daytime live television program, Waratte Iitomo. In October 1995, Kusanagi joined in and the three members appeared regularly for 20 years, Katori on Mondays, Nakai on Tuesdays, and Kusanagi on Fridays, until the program ended in 2014.[21] From July to August, the band held their first large-scale tour, Sexy Six Show, hitting the three major cities in Japan. The tour was released on VHS on November 11, 1994 and later on DVD on December 24, 2003.[22] On March 12, 1994, SMAP starred in their first film, Shoot!. The film aired on television for the first time on January 4, 2010, sixteen years after its release. On January 1, 1995, the band released their first compilation album, Cool, which reached number one. The band gave an opportunity for fans to create the track list and the top fourteen of their favorite songs made it into the album. Singles released in 1995, "Kansha shite", "Shiyouyo", "Donna Iikoto", and "Oretachini Asu wa Aru", all reached number one on the charts, giving the band six consecutive number-one singles since "Gambarimasho" released in the previous year. "Oretachini Asu wa Aru" became the band's sixth best selling single. From January 1995, Kimura launched his weekly radio program, What's Up SMAP, still airing as of 2016.[23] In January 1995, Nakai landed his first drama television series, Ajiichi Monme, which became an instant hit. Two seasons and four special episodes were made through 1995 to 2013.[24] While he started to pursue his acting career, he also started to work individually as a television personality and as a news presenter, carrying many of his own television programs, which lead to expanding the capacity of a boy band. From April 1995, the group launched a variety show, SMAP no Gambarimashou, derived from the single released the previous year, which aired on weeknights. The content of the show changed daily. On Mondays they performed a theatrical act, Tuesdays were talk show-based with a musical segment, on Wednesdays they aired a short TV movie that they starred in, Thursdays were talk show-based with a guest celebrity, and on Fridays they performed sketch comedy. It is said that this program became a basic framework for SMAP×SMAP which started a year after the program began. From April 1995, Kusanagi and Katori launched their radio program, SMAP Power Splash. From July 1, 1995, Nakai launched his weekly radio program, Some Girl SMAP still airing as of 2016. On July 7, 1995, they released their seventh album, SMAP 007 Gold Singer, which became their first number-one studio album and was certified double platinum. They launched a tour, Summer Minna Atumare Party. After this tour, the band started to be called one of the hardest bands to get concert tickets for. In August 1995, they hosted the annual telethon, 24 Hour Television, and raised 1.2 billion yen.[25] The band started performing at an annual music show, FNS Kayosai, and has become one of the main performers of the show since. From 2005, Kusanagi became the host of the show until he passed on the position to a comedian in 2014. In December 1995, they hosted a TV special, Sanma&SMAP, with comedian Sanma Akashiya and the program has become an annual event since for NTV, with 21 episodes aired.[26] 1996–1997: SMAP×SMAP, Lonvaca phenomenon, Mori's departure, and "Shake"[edit] Main article: SMAP×SMAP On March 3, 1996, they released their eighth album, SMAP 008 Tacomax, which peaked at #2, with over 500,000 copies sold. Singles "Munasawagi wo Tanomuyo" and "Hadaka no Osama" both peaked at #2 on the charts and was certified double Platinum. "Hadaka no Osama" became Mori's last single before his departure from the group. The band released another album, SMAP 009, on August 12, which reached number one. From March to April, they held their last tour as a six-piece. Logo of SMAP×SMAP On April 15, 1996, SMAP launched their self-titled variety show, SMAP×SMAP, commonly known as "SmaSma" (suma-suma), which was their first program on a prime-time slot.[27] Along with the band's ability to entertain and their humorous personalities, the distinct format of the program received widespread critical praise[citation needed]. The show quickly gained high ratings, as it topped the rankings of annual household share ratings, dominating other existing popular programs. Consisting with an interview/cooking-based segment "Bistro SMAP", sketch comedy series, games, and musical performances by the group and with other musical guests, the program has had countless guests from around the world and is known for being the show with the widest range of guests in Japanese television history.[28] The show ranked #1 in the annual household share ratings in 1996, 1997, 1999 - 2002, 2006, and 2016 making it the most watched television show in Japan. The episode aired in January 2002 is currently ranked #7 for the most watched Japanese variety show in history, with 34.2 million viewers. It is the eighth longest-running prime-time television program in Japan and Fuji Television's second longest-running prime-time television program, as of 2016.[29] From April to June 1996, Nakai, Kimura, and Katori each landed a role on a drama television series. Nakai played the main role in Shori no Megami, Kimura in Long Vacation, and Katori in Tomei Ningen. All three series were successful and gained high ratings. Among the three, Kimura's Long Vacation, which aired Monday nights, became a major success and a social phenomenon. Magazines and other media stated that, "women disappear from the city on Mondays", pointing out the large viewership and how intoxicating the show was for women in Japan. After Kimura playing a young pianist, there was a rapid increase of young men who started taking piano lessons. The cultural impact and influences of the show is commonly referred to as the "Lonvaca (ron-bake) phenomenon".[30] This was also a breakthrough for Kimura as an actor and helped him gain recognition and a more broad fan base. In May 1996, Mori's departure from the band was announced.[1] Mori had always wanted to pursue Auto Racing, a Japanese version of motorcycle speedway, since he was a child. Due to the fact that there was an age limit of twenty-three for students who wanted to attend school for Auto Race, Mori left the band at age of twenty-two. On May 27, a special episode on SMAP×SMAP, dedicated to Mori, was created and aired SMAP's last performance as a six-piece. Nakai said that he had an emotional breakdown after Mori's leave, not wanting to continue as a five-piece, fearing that their popularity will plummet and that he wished for a breakup.[31][32] On July 13 and 14, 1996, they hosted the annual twenty-seven hour long television special, FNS 27 Hour Television. On July 15, 1996, the band released their single, "Aoi Inazuma", the first material released after Mori's departure, which reached number one on the charts. Their subsequent single, "Shake" was released in November, also reaching number one. These two songs were both certified triple platinum and became the band's fifth and fourth best selling single, respectively. "Shake" has surpassed one million copies in terms of shipments. From July to August, they held their second stadium tour, Chomugendaisho, which was the first tour after Mori's departure. On January 3, 1997, SMAP starred in a TV movie, Boku ga Boku de Aru Tame ni. In February 1997, they released their single, "Dynamite", which peaked at #3 in the charts and became the band's eighth best selling single. In May 1997, they released their twenty-fifth single, "Celery", which was a cover of a song first released by singer-songwriter Masayoshi Yamazaki in 1996. Although Yamazaki's original version did not turn out to be a success, the cover version by SMAP peaked at #2 and was certified double Platinum. The band became a catalyst for the recognition of the song, turning it into one of the most popular songs in Japan.[33] On March 26, 1997, the band released its second compilation album, Wool, which peaked at #2. From April to June, 1997, Kusanagi landed a role in a drama television series, Ii Hito. The band's single "Celery" became the theme song for the show. Nakai and Kimura made a cameo appearance on the show. Nakai, Kimura, Inagaki, and Katori had played a main role in a television series and with Kusanagi starring in Ii Hito, all five members had become leading man-class actors. From July to September, 1997, the band headlined their third stadium tour, SMAP 1997 Su, which was released through VHS and DVD on December 17, 1997. On August 6, 1997, the band released their tenth album, SMAP 011 Su, which peaked at #3 in the charts and was certified Platinum. From this point on, SMAP changed the pace of their releases from two albums per year to one, due to their busy schedules after experiencing individual success, as actors and television personalities. In September 1997, they released a new single, "Peace", which peaked at #2. On December 31, 1997, they performed at the annual music show, Kohaku Uta Gassen, for the seventh consecutive year. While they appeared as the performer for the previous six years, Nakai became the host of the show, which is the most prestigious job for television personalities. Nakai also hosted the program in 1998 and established himself as a highly regarded host on television. 1998–2000: "Beyond the Night Sky", "Lion Heart", and Shingo Mama phenomenon[edit] On January 14, 1998, the band's twenty-seventh single, "Beyond the Night Sky", was released. It reached number one on the charts and became the best selling single of that month and the second best selling single of that year.[34] The song became the band's second best selling single, with over 1,620,000 physical copies sold. From April 2002, it has appeared in text books used in music classes in middle school and has become one of the most recognized songs in Japan. Many artists have released a cover since its release. Its subsequent single, "Taisetsu", which was used as the theme song for Nakai's drama television series, Brothers, peaked at #4 and was certified platinum. On June 18, 1998, the band released their eleventh album, SMAP 012 Viva Amigos, which reached number one in the charts and became their tenth best selling album. The band headlined their fourth stadium tour, Viva Amigos. The tour was released through VHS on December 24, 1998 and later through DVD on December 6, 2000. From October 1998, Nakai and Katori launched their own variety program, SataSma, which was created and aimed towards younger viewers and families. Katori starred in a segment titled, "Shingo Mama's Secret Breakfast", where Katori would cross-dress into a character called, "Shingo Mama", and visit houses to cook breakfast for children instead of their mother, allowing her to sleep in and rest in the morning. Katori started to used the phrase, "Ohha", a pun for "Ohayo", meaning "good morning" during the segment as his trademark phrase, which soon became a popular word used among children. Shingo Mama, the lovable character Katori played, and the phrase "Ohha", became a social phenomenon. As a result, SMAP incidentally brought in kindergartners and preteens to their fan base. In January 1999, the band released "Asahi wo Mini Ikouyo", which peaked at #3 and its subsequent single, "Fly", peaked at #2 in the charts. On January 3, 1999, SMAP starred in a special episode on the popular Japanese detective-drama television series, Furuhata Ninzaburo, as themselves. The episode became the most watched program among all television series broadcast in 1999, with 32.3 million viewers, and the second most watched television program after an episode of SMAP×SMAP. On July 14, 1999, they released their twelfth album, Birdman SMAP 013, which peaked at #2. From July to September, they headlined their fifth stadium tour, SMAP 1999 Tour Birdman. The tour was released through VHS on December 22, 1999 and through DVD on January 1, 2000. In August 2000, the band released their thirty-second single, "Lion Heart", which became a massive success with over 1,560,000 copies sold, reaching number one on the charts for two consecutive weeks.[34] The song was used as the theme song for Kusanagi's drama television series, Food Fight, and became the band's third best selling single. It quickly became one of the most recognized songs in Japan. In August 2000, Katori also released a single, "Shingo Mama's Oha Rock", as Shingo Mama, which reached number one on the charts with over 1,300,000 physical copies sold and became a social phenomenon. James Brown guest starred in the music video, along with other Japanese celebrities who made a cameo appearance. In December 2000, the term "Ohha", used by Katori, won the Ryukougo Taisho, an annual traditional event of announcing words that describes that year. On October 14, 2000, the band released their thirteenth album, S map SMAP 014. From this point on, SMAP changed the pace of their releases from one album per year to one album every two years, due to their busy individual schedules, as actors and television personalities. They headlined their sixth stadium tour, S map Tour, from October to November. The tour was released through DVD on March 14, 2001. The number of shows performed changed to one per day from this tour on. Kimura announced his marriage to singer Shizuka Kudo and her pregnancy during the tour. He had a press conference after the show at Saitama Super Arena. 2001–2003: Smap Vest, pamS, Drink Smap, "The One and Only Flower in the World", and MIJ[edit] On March 23, 2001, the band released their third compilation album, Smap Vest, which reached number one in the charts. It sold one million copies during the first week of release and 1,800,000 copies in total, becoming the band's best selling album.[35] Singles, "Smac" and "freebird", peaked at #3 and #1 on the charts respectively. "Smac" was released as the 10th anniversary single and lyrics from the band's past singles were put together and made into a new song. On August 8, 2001, another compilation album, pamS (read as "Ura-suma"), was released just four months after Smap Vest. It was a compilation of fan-favorites and songs that the members personally like, that aren't usually sang on tour or on television, such as B-sides and songs from past albums. From July to September, the band launched their seventh stadium tour, pamS Tour, which was also their first five-dome tour and the first five-dome tour ever headlined in history. SMAP invented the concept of a "five-dome tour", a tour that hits the five dome-shaped stadiums located in Japan (Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Fukuoka, and Sapporo). Since the invention of this new touring style, the five-dome tour is now used by many artists in Japan, as a symbol of being a first-rank artist in the music industry. The pamS Tour was released through DVD on December 21, 2001. Throughout the year 2001, all five members starred in their own drama television series individually. Nakai starred in Shiroi Kage, Kimura in a detective series, Hero, Inagaki in Onmyoji, and Kusanagi in Star no Koi. Katori starred in a special episode of a comedy-drama television series, Ohha wa Sekai wo Sukuu. All programs were that year's high-rated programs. Among all shows, Hero became a massive success, becoming the most highest rated television series in Japanese history, becoming the only television series to have all episodes marking above the 30% sharehold rate. On July 24, 2002, they released their fourteenth album, SMAP 015/Drink! Smap!, which peaked at #2 in the charts and became the band's fourth best selling album. The title was derived from a superseded soft drink, called SMAP, which was sold in Japan in the 1980s. From July 23, 2002, a canned soft drink, Drink SMAP, was launched from Kirin Beverage Corporation. Six million drinks were shipped on the day of its release. From July to November, they launched their eighth stadium tour, SMAP 02 Drink Smap Tour, which became the largest tour in terms of attendance in Japanese history, with a total attendance of 1.2 million. They decided mainly to use soccer stadiums for their venues, as it was the year the 2002 FIFA World Cup was held. The tour was released through DVD on March 5, 2003. On September 21, 2002, they released their first video album, Clip! Smap!, a collection of ten music videos released since 1996. On March 5, 2003, the band's thirty-fifth single, "The One and Only Flower in the World", was released. It reached number one in the charts for three consecutive weeks twice and for seven non-consecutive weeks. It became the best selling single in the 21st century and the fifth best selling single in Japanese history.[36] The song appears in text books used in school as children are taught to learn the song at a young age and has become one of the most recognized songs in Japan. It is the band's best selling single, with over 2,700,000 physical copies sold and their first record to sell over two million copies. In 2012, JASRAC, announced the winner of the JASRAC Award, in celebration of the award created in 1982. "The One and Only Flower in the World" received the award, as the copyrighted work in music with the highest paid royalties within the past thirty years.[37] After thirteen years from its release, the single has continued to chart in the Top 200, for a total of two-hundred non-consecutive weeks and is currently ranked second with the highest total weeks in the charts, after "Nada Soso" (232 non-consecutive weeks). The song has been covered and re-arranged by heavy metal guitarist Marty Friedman on his 2006 album Loudspeaker. On June 25, 2003, they released their fifteenth album, SMAP 016/MIJ, which peaked at number one and became the band's eighth best selling album. From July to September, 2003, the band launched their ninth stadium tour, MIJ Tour. SMAP became the third artist in history to hold a concert at the International Stadium Yokohama, after B'z and Eikichi Yazawa. Due to scheduling conflicts with Katori's NHK Taiga drama, Shinsengumi, the number of shows were reduced compared to previous years, though the number of attendees surpassed one million two years in a row. The tour was released through DVD on December 24, 2003. On December 31, 2003, SMAP appeared on the annual music show on NHK, Kohaku Uta Gassen, and performed "The One and Only Flower in the World". Out of the fifty-eight artists on the program, SMAP performed last for the first time, serving as the ootori, the most honorable and prestigious title in the Japanese music industry. SMAP became the first pop artist and the first group in history to perform as the ootori since the program started in 1951, as Kohaku is a historical and traditional music program and enka artists dominated the position of the ootori. As artists are ranked according to the ratings during their performance, SMAP ranked number one out of fifty-eight artists and was the most watched act of that year's Kohaku, with a household share rating of 57.1%. 2004–2005: Individual activities and Sample Bang[edit] Although all five members were able to work actively as a group while pursuing solo careers since their debut, in 2004, their solo projects were on a tight schedule compared to the previous years, as they all carried their own television programs and worked as actors, on both television and film. They were not able to rearrange their schedules to fit in a time to work as a group, besides the taping of their weekly television program, SMAP×SMAP. It was announced that the band did not have a single day that all five members could meet together, other than the taping of SMAP×SMAP, which happened four times a month, commenting on the impossibility of shooting a music video, promoting a record, or going on tour. This led to a musical hiatus in a way, although they continued to perform their songs every week in a musical segment on SMAP×SMAP. This was the first time in thirteen years that the band did not release any new material or go on tour. A song titled "Wonderful Life" was initially scheduled to become the band's new single in 2004. After finding out that the release was unlikely, they first decided to wait until the coming year but later had Inagaki release the song as a solo artist instead. He created a temporary stage name, &G, and made his solo debut in March and the single reached number one in the charts. From August 2004, Nakai launched his career as a sportscaster and became the host of the Olympic games on TBS. "Susume Gold", a remix of their song form their fifteenth album, SMAP 016/MIJ, was scheduled to be released on September 8, 2004, as the band's thirty-sixth single but was later canceled. The song served as the official song of the 2004 Summer Olympics and used during its television coverage on TBS. In December 2004, SMAP aired a television special as an apology for their musical hiatus and to show the fans their appreciation for their support on the group's solo projects. By the end of 2004, their single, "The One and Only Flower in the World", released in 2003, had become the best selling single in the 21st century and the most recognized song in Japan. Although many assumed that the band would be performing the song again at Kohaku Uta Gassen as the ootori, as they did the previous year, the band declined their invitation from the show due to not releasing any new music in 2004. Kohaku experienced a fall in ratings that year and became the lowest-rated Kohaku in history and the absence of SMAP is thought to be the cause of this. In January 2005, the band released their new single, "Tomodachi e Say What You Will", a cover of Eric Clapton's "Say What You Will", which reached number one in the charts.[38] Its subsequent singles, "Bang Bang Bakansu" and "Triangle", and their sixteenth album, Sample Bang!, released on July 27, 2005, all reached number one in the charts as well.[39] "Triangle" served as the official song of all sports broadcasts on TV Asahi, such as the 2006 Winter Olympics, the 2006 World Baseball Classic, and the ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating. It was featured during the television coverage on TV Asahi from November 2005 through March 2006. Later in 2008, it was announced that "Triangle" would be appearing on text books used in music classes in school. From July to September 2005, they launched their tenth stadium tour, SMAP to Iku SMAP Sample Tour. SMAP became the first artist in history to perform at the National Olympic Stadium.[40] The tour was released through DVD on December 14, 2005.[41] In August 2005, Soichi Noguchi, a Japanese astronaut, played SMAP's hit single, "The One and Only Flower in the World", while flying in the Space Shuttle Discovery and it became the second Japanese song played in space. Noguchi also took with him, food that Inagaki, Kusanagi, and Katori cooked in Bistro SMAP, a cooking segment aired on SMAP×SMAP, when he made a guest appearance on the show. On August 27 and 28, Kusanagi and Katori hosted NTV's annual telethon, 24 Hour Television, and raised one billion yen. It also became the highest-rated 24 Hour Television since its launch in 1978. On December 31, SMAP performed "Triangle" at Kohaku Uta Gassen. As artists are ranked according to the ratings during their performance, SMAP ranked number one out of fifty-four artists, and was the most watched act of that year's Kohaku, with a household share rating of 48.6%. 2006–2010: Pop Up Smap, super.modern.artistic.performance, and We are SMAP[edit] In April 2006, the band released their single, "Dear Woman",[42] and its subsequent single, "Arigato" in October, both which reached number one in the charts.[43] "Dear Woman" became one of the most recognized songs in Japan after being used in a shampoo commercial in Japan.[44] Katori designed the cover art for "Arigato". "Arigato" served as the official song of the 2016 Summer Olympics, ten years after its release, and was featured during its television coverage on TBS. On July 26, 2006, the band released their seventeenth album, Pop Up! SMAP, which reached number one and became their ninth best selling album.[45] From July to October, they launched their eleventh stadium tour, Pop Up! SMAP Tobimasu Tobidasu Tobisma Tour, and recorded an attendance of over one million, three years in a row.[46] The tour was released through DVD on December 6, 2006. On December 31, SMAP performed "Arigato" at Kohaku Uta Gassen as the ootori for the second time. As artists are ranked according to the ratings during their performance, SMAP ranked number one out of fifty-eight artists, and was the most watched act of that year's Kohaku, with a household share rating of 48.8%. On January 18, 2007, "The One and Only Flower in the World" was chosen as one of Nihon no Uta Hyakusen, a collection of one-hundred songs, widely beloved in Japan and encouraged to be sung in future generations. On September 8, 2007, Kimura starred in Hero, a sequeal to the 2001-2005 detective television series of the same name. The film was a commercial success and became the highest-grossing film that year, as well as becoming the second highest-grossing film among all films starred by a SMAP member, after another one of Kimura's film, Howl's Moving Castle (2004). In December 2007, they released a new single, "Dangan Fighter", which reached number one in the charts.[47] It served as the official song of all sports broadcasts on TV Asahi and was featured during its television coverage. On December 31, SMAP performed "Dear Woman"and "Dangan Fighter" at Kohaku Uta Gassen. As artists are ranked according to the ratings during their performance, SMAP ranked number one out of fifty-four artists, and was the most watched act of that year's Kohaku, with a household share rating of 43.9%. Their hit single from 2003, "The One and Only Flower in the World" was performed by all fifty-four artists together as the finale and marked 46.1%. In March 2008, they released a double-A-side single, "Sonomama / White Message", which reached number one, giving them forty-two consecutive top ten singles.[48] Its subsequent single, "Sono toki, Kitto Yume janai", also topped the chart at number one, giving the band ten consecutive number ones.[49] It also served as the official song of the 2008 Summer Olympics and was featured during the television coverage on TBS. On September 24, 2008, they released their eighteenth album, super.modern.artistic.performance, which reached number one in the charts. Will.i.am from The Black Eyed Peas produced the opening track, "Theme of 019", and also wrote and produced Katori's solo on the album, "Here Is Your Hit". SMAP became the second artist in history to have a total album sales of ten million, after Chage and Aska.[50] The band launched their twelfth stadium tour, super.modern.artistic.performance tour, from September to December. The tour was released through DVD on December 17, 2008 and later through Blu-ray on March 26, 2014. On December 31, SMAP performed "Sono toki, Kitto Yume janai" at Kohaku Uta Gassen. On January 31, 2009, SMAP hosted a three-hour television special, SMAP Gambarimasu, and became an annual television program until 2013, with five episodes aired in total. In August 2009, they released a double-A-side single, "Sotto Kyutto / Super Star", which reached number one.[51] "Sotto Kyutto" served as the theme song for Kusanagi's high-rated drama television series, Ninkyo Helper, aired in 2009. "Super Star" served as the official song of all sports broadcasts on TV Asahi and was featured during its television coverage. The song was first aired through a live broadcast of the 2009 World Aquatics Championships. On December 31, SMAP performed "Sotto Kyutto" and "The One and Only Flower in the World" at Kohaku Uta Gassen. On April 26, 2010, it was announced that SMAP would be hosting an event for their fans in China on June 13, 2010, as a part of Expo 2010 Shanghai China, though it was later canceled to avoid complications at the venue. Private companies in Shanghai released proposals stating that SMAP will be holding a concert at Shanghai as a pre-event of the expo, although they were later denied by Johnny & Associates and Victor Entertainment, informing the fans that they were ticket frauds.[52][53] The band was scheduled to have their concert on October 9 and 10, at the Shanghai Stadium but was canceled due to the deteriorating Sino-Japanese relations.[54] After many discussions and negotiations, the concert was indefinitely put on hold for safety reasons.[55] On July 21, 2010, they released their nineteenth album, We are SMAP!, which reached number one, giving the band five consecutive number one albums.[56] The band launched their thirteenth stadium tour, We are SMAP, from July to September. It was announced that the total number of concert attendees throughout their career surpassed ten million.[57] During a show on September 16, SMAP announced that former band member, Mori, was in the audience. The tour was released through DVD on December 8, 2010 and later through Blu-ray on March 26, 2014 and reached number one on the charts.[58] From July 6, 2010, a bottled sports drink, called We Are SMAP was sold in Japan.[59] In August 2010, they released their new single, "This is love", which reached number one.[60][61][62] On December 19, 2010, they hosted their annual television special, Sanma&SMAP, with comedian Sanma Akashiya, which became the highest-rated program aired that year, with a household share of 23.4%. On December 31, SMAP performed "This is love" and "Triangle" at Kohaku Uta Gassen as the ootori for the third time and for the first time in four years.[63] As artists are ranked according to the ratings during their performance, SMAP ranked number one out of forty-four artists, and was the most watched act of that year's Kohaku, with a household share rating of 48.9% 2011–2015: Smap Aid, Gift of Smap, and Mr.S[edit] From March 2011, SMAP has shown active philanthropic support to the victims and regions affected by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami. On May 4, their first and only digital single, "Not Alone" was released. It was initially scheduled to serve as the band's 46th single but was canceled and released digitally in light of the earthquake and the situation in Japan, considering circumstances in power shortages and distribution. One hundred yen per single downloaded was donated to the victims.[64] On July 23 and 24, 2011, Nakai hosted the annual twenty-seven hour long television special, FNS 27 Hour Television, for the fifth time. A special episode of "Bistro SMAP" was aired during the show, titled "Bistro SMAP On The Go". Four members flew to regions that were affected by the tsunami, Kimura and Inagaki to Iwate prefecture and Kusanagi and Katori to Fukushima. The four members cooked a total of one-thousand meals to the victims evacuated in these areas. Nakai started to host his own music show, Ongaku no Hi, meaning "music day", to show their support to all those affected by the earthquake and tsunami. The program is aired every summer since 2011. On August 17, 2011, the band released their fifth compilation album, SMAP Aid, to support the people affect by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami.[65] It was released for a limited- time period, until the end of December 2011. Two-hundred yen per album sold were donated to the victims. Fans were given the opportunity to create the track list by voting their favorite songs through the internet. The top fifteen songs made it into the album and the complete track list was announced on SMAP×SMAP on August 8, 2011.[66] The album reached number one and was certified platinum.[67] Although they released an album, concerts were not held in consequence of the earthquake and tsunami but the band decided to host fan meetings in various venues, including the Seibuen Theme Park in Saitama, where they had their first fan meeting on the day of the debut in 1991.[68] On September 16, 2011, their postponed concert in China was held in Peking.[69] The concert was released through DVD on December 7, 2011 and reached number one on the charts.[70][71] After several fan meetings at small venues, on November 12 and 13, they hosted another event, titled FanxFun Party, at Tokyo Dome, for those who couldn't make it to the previous ones held that year.[72] In December 2011, they released their new single, "Boku no Hanbun", which reached number one.[73] Throughout the year, a Chinese version of their hit singles, "The One and Only Flower in the World" and "Beyond the Night Sky" was released in China. On December 31, they performed "Not Alone" and "Original Smile" at Kohaku Uta Gassen, as the ootori, for the fourth time.[74] In April 2012, they released their new single, "Sakasama no Sora", which reached number one in the charts.[75] The song was used as the theme song for NHK's television drama series, Umechan Sensei, and SMAP became the first artist under Johnny & Associates to contribute a song to an asadora.[76] On August 1, 2012, they released their new single, "Moment", and their twentieth album, Gift of SMAP, on August 8, both which reached number one in the charts.[77][78] "Moment" served as the official song of the 2012 Summer Olympics and was featured during the television coverage on TBS.[79] They launched their fourteenth stadium tour, Gift of SMAP Concert Tour, from August to December.[80] The number of attendees for one tour surpassed one million, for the first time six years. The tour was released through DVD on December 5, 2012 and later through Blu-ray on March 26, 2014 and reached number one in the charts.[81][82] On December 31, 2012, they performed "Moment" and "Sakasama no Sora" on Kohaku Uta Gassen, as the ootori, for the fifth time. They became the first artist in history to serve as the ootori three years in a row.[83] As artists are ranked according to the ratings during their performance, SMAP ranked number one out of forty-four artists, and was the most watched act of that year's Kohaku, with a household share rating of 49.4%.[84] In February 2013, they released a double-A-side single, "Mistake! / Battery", which reached number one.[85] Subsequent singles, "Joy", which was used as the theme song for Katori's drama television series, Kasukana Kanojyo, and "Shareotsu / Hello", also reached number one.[86][87] From March 2013, SMAP launched a collaborative project with Universal Studios Japan titled, "Universal Studios Japan x SMAP: World Entertainment Project" and their song, "Battery" was used as background music for the attractions at the theme park.[88] On March 15, the day the attraction was launched, it created the longest queue and waiting time in USJ's history.[89] On April 8, 2013, they aired a two-hour long special episode of SMAP×SMAP, titled "SMAP's First Trip", celebrating their 25th anniversary. The program became the third most watched television program that year, with a 20% household share rating and became the twelfth most watched episode of SMAP×SMAP.[90] On September 9, a live episode of SMAP×SMAP titled "SMAP Nonstop Special" was aired. The band performed all the past fifty singles in order of their releases in a medley, live for forty-minutes, without any commercials. On September 30, SMAP hosted a TV special, SMAP Go! Go!, and aired a short sequel to Furuhata vs SMAP, a special episode of the famous detective-drama television series, Furuhata Ninzaburo, aired in 1999. The drama was shot in one take during the broadcast of the TV special and aired live as they shot it.[91] On December 31, they performed "Mistake" and "Joy" at Kohaku Utagassen as the ootori, for the sixth time, four years in a row.[92] Cover art of Mr.S, their last album released in 2014. On March 26, 2014, SMAP was invited to the NPB Tigers-Giants Union vs MLB All Star, held in celebration of the eightieth anniversary of the Japan Professional Baseball and sang the national anthem.[93] In April 2014, they released a double-A-side single, "Yes we are / Kokokara", which reached number one.[94] Their subsequent double-A-side single, "Top Of The World / Amazing Discovery", which served as the official song for Universal Studios Japan,[95] also reached number one.[96] On April 18, SMAP became the first ambassador of Universal Studios Japan and attended the ceremony with Prime Minister Abe and Caroline Kennedy.[97] It was announced that "Yes we are" will be used as the theme song for N Suta on TBS, a news program aired on weekdays,[98] and that "Kokokara" will be used as the theme song for the Nihonbashi's revitalizing project.[99] On July 26 and 27, 2014, SMAP hosted the annual twenty-seven hour long television program, FNS 27 Hour Television. Though Nakai had hosted the show several times on his own, it became the band's first time to host as a group.[100] A letter from former band member Katsuyuki Mori, who departed the group in 1996, was read during the show.[101] On September 3, 2014, they released their twenty-first album, Mr.S, which reached number one,[102] and the band launched their fifteenth stadium tour, Mr.S Saikou de Saikou no Concert Tour, from September to January 2015.[103] The tour was released through DVD and Blu-ray on December 10, 2014 and reached number one in the charts.[104][105] On December 31, they performed "Shake", "The One and Only Flower in the World", and "Top of the World" at Kohaku Uta Gassen.[106] On January 25, 2015, Inagaki and Kusanagi hosted a TV special, Ichii jya nakutte Iijanai, together for the first time.[107] In February, SMAP released a double A-side single, "Kareinaru Gyakushu / Humor Shichauyo", which reached number one, bringing the total number of records sold to 35 million.[108] From April 29 to June 2, Kusanagi and Katori starred in a two-act play, Burst!, written by playwright Kōki Mitani, at the Parco Theatre.[109] Their fifty-fifth single, "Otherside / Ai ga Tomarumadewa", was released on September 9, which was the same day the band's debut single was released in 1991.[110] The single gave them their twenty-second consecutive number one singles.[111] On December 31, they performed "Triangle" and "Otherside" on Kohaku Uta Gassen. Throughout the year, SMAP became the representative for promoting and supporting NHK Nodojiman, in celebration of the program's seventieth anniversary.[112][113] On November 10, it was announced that SMAP will be the representative and supporter for the Paralympic games until the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics, in partnership with the Nippon Foundation.[114] Katori painted the forty-square feet mural in the building of the Nippon Foundation, which took about ten days to complete.[115] 2016-present: Break-up and post break-up[edit] On January 13, 2016, media reported that Nakai, Inagaki, Kusanagi, and Katori were in talks to leave Johnny & Associates agency, inevitably leading to a disbandment of SMAP.[116] On January 18, such a breakup was denied later by the group through a live broadcast of their weekly variety program, SMAP×SMAP, issuing an apology for worrying the fans and creating chaos in the Japanese entertainment industry.[117] On August 14, at 12:50am, Johnny & Associates announced through a press release that SMAP will disband on December 31, 2016.[118] From August to December, radio stations that carry programs hosted by the members of SMAP announced at their press conferences that the three programs, Some Girl SMAP hosted by Nakai, Stop the SMAP hosted by Inagaki, and SMAP Power Splash hosted by Kusanagi and Katori, will continue to air after the disbandment, though the name "SMAP" will be removed from the titles.[119][120][121] In December, Kimura announced that his radio program, What's Up SMAP, will continue as well, though he decided not to change the title, unlike the rest of the members.[122] On December 30, the band's weekday radio program, Ohayo SMAP, which debuted in 1994 ended its twenty-two-year-long broadcast.[123] On September 21, 2016, Victor Entertainment announced that a compilation album and a video album will be released, commemorating the band's twenty-fifth anniversary.[124][125] Fans were given the opportunity to choose the track list for the compilation album, by voting their favorites through the internet out of the 400 songs SMAP had released during their quarter-century-long career. On November 3, the full track list was revealed on Victor Entertainment's website and announced on national news in Japan.[126] On December 21, SMAP released their sixth compilation album, SMAP 25 YEARS. The album sold 668,000 physical copies during the first week of release and debuted at number one, giving the band its fifteenth number one album and becoming the fastest selling album of 2016.[127][128] It was certified triple Platinum on December 27 in its first week and was certified Diamond on January 10 during its third week, denoting physical sales of one million copies.[129] The album stayed at number one for two consecutive weeks.[130] On December 26, 2016, the final episode of their weekly variety program, SMAPxSMAP, was aired. The five-hour-long episode was aired in a clip show format, primarily consisting of excerpts from past episodes that aired during the past twenty years since its debut in 15 April 1996.[131] SMAP's last singing performance as a group, which was taped in 1 December 2016, was aired at the end of the program. They sang their mega-hit song, "The One and Only Flower in the World" (世界に一つだけの花). At the ending credits, a heartwarming video of SMAP taking photos with the program's staff was shown.[132] On December 28, 2016, SMAP released their second video album, Clip! Smap! Complete Singles, through DVD and Blu-ray, featuring all sixty-three music videos the band made during their twenty-five-year-long career.[125] The DVD sold 192,000 copies and the Blu-ray sold 189,000 copies during its first week of release and debuted at number one simultaneously, giving the band their ninth number one DVD.[133] Both stayed at number one for two consecutive weeks, becoming the first DVD and Blu-ray to reach number one for two weeks, since the official Blu-ray charts started in Japan in 2008.[134] It was certified Platinum during its second week.[135] Members[edit] Masahiro Nakai was born on August 18, 1972 (age 46), and raised in Fujisawa, Kanagawa. After auditioning to Johnny & Associates in 1986, he became the leader of SMAP at age fifteen. From the mid 1990s, while working as the member of the band, utilizing his upbeat and talkative personality, he worked extensively as a television presenter, hosting many of his own talk shows, variety shows, music shows, and news programs. His ability to bring out a different side of celebrity guests has been highly acclaimed. His conversational method and technique has been critically praised by comedians and other talk show hosts, establishing himself as one of the most well-respected, iconic hosts in the Japanese entertainment industry. Wearing a hat has become his signature look, as he often wears one on television while he hosts his programs and also during the band's performances. He currently hosts six weekly television programs and one radio program. In 2004, he launched his career as a sportscaster and has become the host of the Olympic games on TBS. Since his first major role in the drama television series, Aji Ichimonme (1995), he has also had a successful acting career, both in television and film. He has starred in many high-rated television series such as, Densetsu no Kyoushi (2000), Shiroi Kage (2001), Suna no Utsuwa (2004), and Ataru (2012), and a blockbuster film, Watashi wa Kai ni Naritai (2008). Takuya Kimura was born on November 13, 1972 (age 46), and raised in Chiba. After auditioning to Johnny & Associates in 1987, he became a member of SMAP at age fifteen. Commonly referred to as Kimutaku, his charismatic appeal has established himself as an iconic figure in Japan, influencing Japanese culture and language, and making him one of the most successful celebrities in Japanese history. In the 1990s, Kimura's hairstyle was copied by men in Japan and clothes and fashion items used by him on television and film have become instant hits, as men often copy his wardrobe and style. He created his own slang, "bucchake" (lit. "to be honest"), which is now commonly used in daily conversations in the Japanese language. He rose to prominence after starring in a drama television series, Long Vacation (1996), and took the entertainment industry by storm. He was given the title, "The King of Ratings", as his subsequent television series became the most highest-rated programs in history and each show becoming a social phenomenon as they aired. Five of his most successful television series, Hero (2001), Beautiful Life (2000), Love Generation (1997), Good Luck (2003), and Long Vacation (1996) are ranked in the top ten highest-rated television series in Japanese history. He also starred in several blockbuster films, such as, Howl's Moving Castle (2004), Bushi no Ichibun (2006), and Hero (2007). He married singer Shizuka Kudo in December 2000. They have two children, Cocomi, born on May 1, 2001, and Mitsuki, born on February 5, 2003. Goro Inagaki was born on December 8, 1973 (age 45), and raised in Itabashi, Tokyo. After auditioning to Johnny & Associates in 1987, he became a member of SMAP at age fourteen. His mysterious character, gentlemanlike manner, and calm and courteous nature, has given the band a distinct uniqueness that separates them from other boy bands. After his first major role in the drama television series, Hatachi no Yakusoku (1992), he has starred in many television series, such as, Sommelier (1998), Kindaichi Kosuke series (2004-2009), Tragedy of M (2005), and Busu no Hitomi ni Koi shiteru (2006). Since 1996, he has also pursued his acting career by working in theatre. From 2010, in order to broaden his acting career, he gradually started to appear in television series and films through supporting roles rather than limiting his work as a leading actor. As a television personality, he currently hosts two television programs and two radio programs. Tsuyoshi Kusanagi was born on July 9, 1974 (age 44), and raised in Kasukabe, Saitama. After auditioning to Johnny & Associates in 1987, he became a member of SMAP at age thirteen. The laid-back, free-spirited member, has worked in various fields in the entertainment industry, contributing his versatility to the band. He currently hosts two television programs and two radio programs. Contrary to his good-natured personality, he has astounded and entertained the audience by his striking performance in acting, frequently playing strong, manly characters, as well as his stage performance. With his excellent reflexes and physical ability developed during his childhood through gymnastics class, he often performers acrobatics, such as backhand springs and backflips, during concerts. Since his first major role in a television series, Ii Hito (1997), his acting has received critical acclaim and quickly established himself as a notable first-rate actor working simultaneously in television, film, and theatre. He has starred in many high-rated television series, such as Team (1999-2003), Boku no Ikiru Michi (2003), Boku to Kanojyo to Kanojyo no Ikiru Michi (2004), Ninkyo Helper (2009), Specialist (2013-2016) and blockbuster films, Yomigaeri (2003), and Nihon Chinbotsu (2006). Shingo Katori was born on January 31, 1977 (age 41), and raised in Yokohama, Kanagawa. After auditioning to Johnny & Associates in 1987, he became a member of SMAP at age eleven. The lovable "little brother" of the group and the life of the party, has used his sense of humor and playful spirit to become a successful television personality, as he currently hosts three variety shows and two radio programs. He was the catalyst for incidentally bringing young children, from kindergartners to preteens, into the band's fan base after portraying an iconic character, Shingo Mama, in his variety program marketed to children and family, which created a social phenomenon in the year 2000. Often called the "nation's little brother", he has also gained support from elders, both male and female, as the public have watched him grow up for over a quarter of a century. With his creative and artistic talent, he has taken the role as the director in concert production, responsible for the staging and structuring of all the band's concert tours, and sometimes designing the cover art for the band's records. He has also been in charge of the mural at the Nippon Foundation, to support the Paralympics. Since his first major role in a drama television series, Tomei Ningen (1996), he has also had a successful acting career, starring in many high-rated television series, such as Hito ni Yasashiku (2002), Saiyuki (2006), and Bara no nai Hanaya (2008). Other ventures[edit] Philanthropy[edit] SMAP was heavily involved in philanthropic activities.[136] They have actively offered philanthropic support especially to the victims and regions affected by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami and the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes. On August 26 and 27, 1995, SMAP hosted NTV's annual telethon, 24 Hour Television, and raised 1.1 billion yen. On August 27 and 28, 2005, Kusanagi and Katori hosted the 24 Hour Television, again, and raised one billion yen. In 2011, after the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami, they bought a 30-second television commercial block in their weekly television program, SMAP×SMAP, to air a commercial on the information about the Japanese Red Cross Society and a message from the band members encouraging people to donate. Rather than reusing the ones aired in the past, they have been reshooting the commercial every time they have a taping and have them aired every week at the end of the program. Since March 2011, they have actively worked as the members of Marching J, a charity organization established by their agency, Johnny & Associates. Each band member have also made individual donations. On May 4, 2011, their first and only digital single, "Not Alone" was released. Initially scheduled to serve as the band's 46th single, it was later canceled and released digitally in light of the earthquake and the situation in Japan, considering circumstances in power shortages and distribution. One hundred yen per single downloaded was donated to the victims. On July 23 and 24, 2011, Nakai hosted the annual twenty-seven hour long television special, FNS 27 Hour Television, for the fifth time. A special episode of "Bistro SMAP", a cooking segment on SMAP×SMAP, was aired during the show, titled "Bistro SMAP On The Go". Four members flew to regions that were affected by the earthquake and tsunami, Kimura and Inagaki to Iwate prefecture and Kusanagi and Katori to Fukushima. The four members cooked a total of one-thousand meals to the victims evacuated in these areas. Nakai started to host his own music show, Ongaku no Hi, meaning "music day", to show their support to all those affected by the earthquake and tsunami. The program is aired every summer since 2011.[137] On August 17, 2011, the band released their fifth compilation album, SMAP Aid, to support the people affect by the earthquake and tsunami. Two-hundred yen per album sold were donated to the victims. Being that it was the band's twentieth anniversary, many predicted a tour after the release of the album but the band canceled it due to power shortage in Japan that year. After the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes, the content of their 30-second long commercial changed, adding a new message by the band members toward the victims in Kumamoto. On April 24, ten days after the earthquake, Nakai made an unannounced surprise visit to an elementary school in Kumamoto, used as a shelter for the evacuees.[138] He, later went back to Kumamoto on 2 more occasions: May 7 [139] and again on May 15 with Katori.[140] On June 12, Kimura made a visit to Kumamoto as well.[141] Endorsements and partnerships[edit] SMAP is one of the highest paid celebrities for endorsements and commercial appearances in Japan, with an estimated contract of one hundred million yen per commercial. Since 1991, they have had over fifty contracts with Japan's largest firms, both as a group and individually. Among the firms and products they have endorsed in the past, the most recognized are NTT, SoftBank, Dole, Meiji, Ajinomoto, and Suntory Boss Coffee. From 1991 to 1992, they contributed "Seigi no Mikata wa Ate ni Naranai" and "Kokoro no Kagami" to Panasonic's television commercial. From 1992 to 1993, their songs "Egao no Genki", "Hajimete no Natsu", and "Kimi wa Kimi dayo" were used as the theme song for anime series, Hime-chan's Ribbon. From 1994 to 1995, "Original Smile" and "Shiyouyo were used in Kimura's television commercial for Oronamin C Drink. In 1996, "Munasawagi wo Tanomuyo" was used in Kimura's commercial for Kanebo Cosmetics. In 1999, "Fly" was used in the television commercials for NTT. From 2005 to 2006, "Triangle" served as the official song for all sports broadcasts on TV Asahi. Since 2004, they have contributed their material to serve as the official song for the Olympics. Their song "Susume" was used for the 2004 Summer Olympics, "Kono Toki, Kitto Yume Jyanai" for the 2008 Summer Olympics, "Moment" for the 2012 Summer Olympics, and "Arigato" for the 2016 Summer Olympics, and were featured during the television coverage on TBS.[142] In 2006, "Triangle" served as the official song for the 2006 Winter Olympics. In 2006, the band contributed their song "Dear Woman" to Shiseido's shampoo commercial and led it to become number one in the Top 10 Best Commercials of 2006.[44] In 2007, their debut single, "Can't Stop Loving" was used in Otsuka Pharmaceutical's television commercial for Pocari Sweat, after sixteen years since its release. In 2008, "Dangan Fighter" served as the official song for all sports broadcasts on TV Asahi. From 2009, they signed a deal with SoftBank. On August 1, the first commercial aired on 124 commercial broadcast television networks and five digital billboards located in Japan at the same time at 6:59pm. On December 29, 2011, a 330-second long commercial aired, setting a record for the longest television commercial aired in Japan.[143] In 2009, "Super Star" served as the official song for all sports broadcasts on TV Asahi. In 2012, they contributed "Sakasama no Sora" to NHK's television series, Umechan Sensei.[76] From 2012, SMAP signed a partnership deal with 7-Eleven. While appearing in 7-Eleven's television commercials, the product development department collaborated with Bistro SMAP, a cooking segment in the band's weekly television program, SMAP×SMAP, where the band members cook food for celebrity guests. After airing Bistro SMAP for over fifteen years, the project was launched in response to requests from viewers and fans who wanted to try the food cooked by SMAP. Each member created their own food, such as sandwiches, snacks, noodle soups, and bentos, to sell at the 7-Eleven stores in Japan. The bentos were collectively called "Bistro Bentos". The first set of menus were sold in 2012 and a new set was sold every year until 2015. In 2013, they signed a deal with Suntory's Boss Coffee, starring in television commercials with Tommy Lee Jones.[144] In 2013, they collaborated with Sanrio and contributed their song "Hello" in celebration of Hello Kitty's 40th anniversary.[145] In 2014, they became the ambassador for Universal Studios Japan and contributed their song "Battery" to play as the back-ground music for the attractions at the theme park. "Amazing Discovery" served as the official song for Universal Studios Japan.[95] The same year, their song "Kokokara" was used as the theme song for Nihonbashi's Revitalization Project. In December 2014, they contributed "Humor Shichauyo" to be the official song for Shidax's Heart&Smile Project launched to help children in Africa and fifty yen per single sold was donated.[146] From 2015, "Ai ga Tomarumade wa" was used in Katori's television commercial for JA Group.[147] In November 2015, SMAP became the representative and the supporter for the Paralympic games until the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics, in partnership with the Nippon Foundation.[115] However, since their disbandment in December 2016, it is unclear who will officially take over the support for this cause. As of October 2017, Katori has participated in an art exhibition organised by the Nippon Foundation.[148] Main article: SMAP discography 1992: SMAP 001 1994: SMAP 006: Sexy Six 1995: SMAP 007: Gold Singer 1996: SMAP 008: Tacomax 1997: SMAP 011: Su 1998: SMAP 012: Viva Amigos! 1999: Birdman SMAP 013 2000: S map SMAP 014 2002: SMAP 015/Drink! Smap! 2003: SMAP 016/MIJ 2005: Sample Bang! 2006: Pop Up! SMAP 2008: Super Modern Artistic Performance 2010: We are SMAP! 2012: Gift of SMAP 2014: Mr.S Compilation albums 1995: Cool 1997: Wool 2001: Smap Vest 2001: pamS 2011: SMAP AID 2016: SMAP 25 Years Television (as personality and performer)[edit] 1988 Wa tto Atsumare Themselves 1989 Uta no Big Fight Themselves (host) 1989–1991 Idol Kyowakoku Themselves (host) 1990–1991 SMAP no Gakuen Kids Themselves (host) 1990–1999 Shinshun Kakushigei Taikai Themselves (host, guest) 1991–1996 I Love SMAP Themselves (host) 1991–2015 Music Station Themselves (guest performer) Guest appearance; 124 episodes FNS Kayousai Themselves (guest performer) Guest appearance; 27 episodes Kohaku Uta Gassen Themselves (guest performer) Guest appearance; 23 episodes 1992–1995 Yume ga Mori Mori Themselves 1993–1996 Kiss shita SMAP Themselves (host) 1993–1997 Idol On Stage Themselves (host, performer) 1993–2015 Music Station Super Live Themselves (guest performer) Guest appearance; 20 episodes 1994–1996 Magical Zunou Power Themselves 1994–2014 Waratte Iitomo Themselves 1995 SMAP no Gambarimashou Themselves (host) 24 Hour Television Themselves (host) Telethon Tokyo Friend Park 2 Themselves (contestant) Guest appearance 1995–1997 SMAP Toshikoshi Themselves (host, performer) TV special; 3 episodes 1995–2015 Sanma&SMAP Themselves (host) TV special; 21 episodes 1996 Super TV: SMAP 120 Days Themselves Documentary FAN SMAP Special Themselves (performer) TV special; 1 episode Bang! Bang! Bang! Themselves 1996–2014 27 Hour Television Themselves (host) TV special; 10 episodes 1996–2010 Utaban Themselves (host, performer) 1996–2016 SMAP×SMAP Themselves (host, chef, performer) 1998–2002 SataSma Themselves (host) 2000 SMAP Secret X'mas Party Themselves (host) TV special; 1 episode 2002 DeliSma Themselves (host) 2003 Smao Themselves (host) 2003–2006 Best Artist Themselves (guest performer) TV special; 3 episodes 2005 24 Hour Television Themselves (host) Telethon 2007–2016 Baby Smap Themselves (host) 2009 Fuji TV 50th Anniversary Themselves (host) TV special; 1 episode 2009–2013 SMAP Gambarimasu Themselves (host) TV special; 5 episodes 2010–2015 CDTV Special Themselves (host, performer) TV special: 6 episodes 2011 Professional Themselves Documentary 2011–2015 Ongaku no Hi Themselves (host, performer) TV special; 5 episodes 2012–2015 FNS Uta no Natsumatsuri Themselves (host, performer) TV special; 4 episodes Utage Themselves (host, performer) Ashita e Concert Themselves (host, performer) TV special; 5 episodes 2013 SMAP Go! Go! Themselves (host) TV special; 1 episode 2014 TV Tokyo 50th Anniversary Themselves (host) TV special; 1 episode 2014–2015 SmaShip Themselves (host) TV special; 2 episodes 2015 Ichii Jyanakutte Iijyanai Themselves (host) TV special; 2 episodes Bokura no Ongaku Our Music Themselves (host, performer) TV special; 1 episode 2015-2016 NHK Nodojiman Themselves (host) Television (as actors)[edit] 1988–1989 Abunai Shonen III Themselves Main role 1992 Motto, Tokimeki wo Themselves Guest appearance; TV special 1997 Boku ga Boku de Arutame ni Nakai-Hayato Narise Kimura-Riki Kurosawa Inagaki-Masami Kishita Kusanagi-Etsuro Mizoguchi Katori-Satoshi Ozu Main role; TV special 1999 Furuhata Ninzaburo vs SMAP Themselves Main role; special episode of Furuhata Ninzaburo 2001 Yonimo Kimyo na Monogatari Nakai-Yoji Sagara Kimura-Naoki Yunomoto Inagaki-Katsuya Tashiro Kusanagi-Kenichiro Honda Katori-Ichiro Tadano 2004 X'smap Nakai-Jyunsa Kimura-Ajii Inagaki-Junior Kusanagi-Master Katori-Otto 2010 Dokutomato Satsujin Jiken Themselves Main role; TV special 2013 Furuhata vs SMAP The Aftermath Themselves Main role; TV special; sequel to Furuhata Ninzaburo vs SMAP 2014 Oretachi ni Asu wa aru Themselves Main role; TV special Sazae-san Themselves (voice) Episode 7148: "Recipe for a Smile" 1994 Shoot! Nakai-Toshihiko Tanaka Kimura-Yoshiharu Kubo Inagaki-Keigo Umahori Mori-Kenji Shiraishi Kusanagi-Atsushi Kamitani Katori-Kazuhiro Hiramatsu Theatre[edit] 1991 Saint Seiya Nakai-Pegasus Seiya Kimura-Kaio Poseidon / Julian Solo Inagaki-Phoenix Kazuki Mori-Kignas Hyoga Kusanagi-Dragon Shiryu Katori-Andoromeda Shun 1992 Dragon Quest Main role 1993 Another Main role Radio[edit] Member (s) 1991–2016 Stop the SMAP Inagaki Himself Airing after disbandment, though the title has changed to Henshucho Inagaki Goro from January 2017. 1995–2016 Some Girl SMAP Himself Airing after disbandment, though the title has changed to Nakai Masahiro's On & On Air from January 2017. 1995–2018 What's Up SMAP 1995–2016 SMAP Power Splash Kusanagi, Katori Themselves Airing after disbandment, though the title has changed to ShinTsuyo Power Splash from January 2017. 1996–2016 Ohayo SMAP Commercials[edit] Featured song(s) 1989 Tombow School uniform 1989 Morinaga Milk Industry Soft drink beverage 1991-1992 Panasonic Fax machine "Seigi no Mikata wa Ate ni Naranai", "Kokoro no Kagami" 1992 Word processor "Kiss of Fire"; "100-man no Kotoba" 1993 Phone 1992 Lotte Ice cream 1992 Cereal Chocolate 1992 Vacation Chocolate 1993–1994 Snack 1994–1995 Gum "Kimi to Boku no Rokkagetsu" 1995 Calbee Potato chips "Donna Iikoto" Contributed a song but the band does not appear in the commercial 1995–1996 Ajinomoto Knorr soup 1995–1999 NTT "Kansha Shite", "Shake", "Sorejya Mata" 1999–2009 NTT East Corporation "Fly" 2006–2008 NTT Flet's "Sonomama", "Tabidachi no Hi ni" 1995 Acecook Ex noodle 1996 Super cup noodle 1996 Yakisoba 1996–1997 NTV baseball "Mienai Mono" 2000 Enix / Square Enix Dragon Quest VII 2001–2003 ANA 2004 Enix / Square Enix Dragon Quest VIII 2005 Tokio Marine Nichido Car insurance A 90-second commercial that aired once during a live broadcast of a soccer game 2005–2006 Mitsui Fudosan Shibaura Island Aired in the Kanto region only 2006-2007 Shiseido Shampoo "Dear Woman" Contributed a song but the band does not appear in the commercial 2006–2007 Recruit Hot Pepper Magazine 2007–2008 Otsuka Pharmaceutical Pocari Sweat "Can't Stop -Loving-" 2009–2015 SoftBank "Love & Peace Inside" 2009 Enix / Square Enix Dragon Quest IX 2009–2013 SoftBank Cell phone 2010 iPhone 3G 2010 Lotte Gum "Glamorous" 2011 AC Japan 2011 Dole Food Company Bananas 2012 Enix / Square Enix Dragon Quest X 2012–2013 Seven & I Holdings Sogo & Seibu retail 2012–2013 Summer and winter gifts "Gift" 2012–2016 Seven Premium 2013 SoftBank UULA Music streaming service "Tenohira no Sekai" 2013–2014 Suntory Boss canned coffee Sanrio Hello Kitty "Hello" Contributed a song but the band does not appear in the commercial 2014 Mitsui Fudosan Nihonbashi "Kokokara" Contributed a song but the band does not appear in the commercial 2014–2016 Universal Studios Japan Wizarding World of Harry Potter "Amazing Discovery" 2016 SoftBank "Original Smile" A one-minute commercial that aired once during the last episode of SMAPxSMAP, created by Softbank out of respect and to thank SMAP for being in the commercial for six years. Concert tours[edit] Spring SMAP 91 (March–April 1991) SMAP 92 Yattekimashita Oshogatsu (January 1992) SMAP 92 Summer Concert (August 1992) SMAP Live (November 1992) New Year Concert (January 1993) Spring Concert (April–May 1994) Sexy Six Show (July–August 1994) Cool January (January 1995) Cool Spring (March–April 1995) Summer Minna Atumare Party (July–September 1995) Winter Concert (December 1995–January 1996) Spring Concert (March–April 1996) Chomugendaisho (July–August 1996) SMAP Subarashii Sutekina Sugoizo (July–September 1997) Concert Tour 1998 Viva Amigos (July–September 1998) SMAP 1999 Tour Birdman (July–September 1999) SMAP 00 S map Tour (October–November 2000) SMAP 01 pamS Tour (July–September 2001) SMAP 02 Drink Smap Tour (July–November 2002) SMAP 03 MIJ Tour (July–September 2003) SMAP Sample Tour (July–September 2005) Pop Up SMAP Tour (July–October 2006) super.modern.artistic.performance tour (September–December 2008) We are SMAP Tour (July–September 2010) Gift of SMAP Tour (August–December 2012) Mr.S Saiko de Saikou no Concert Tour (September 2014 – January 2015) Golden Arrow Award[edit] The Golden Arrow Award is presented by the Japan Magazine Publishers Association (JMPA) to recognize excellence in domestic media. SMAP has won two awards.[149] Nominee / work 1991 SMAP Best Newcomer Won Newcomer Award (Music) Won Japan Gold Disc Award[edit] The Japan Gold Disc Awards are the Recording Industry Association of Japan's annual music awards. SMAP has won fifteen awards.[150][151][152][153] 1992 SMAP Best 5 New Artist Award Won 1995 Cool Album Award Won Sexy Six Show Music Video Award Won 1996 SMAP 007: Gold Singer Album Award Won 1997 SMAP 008: Taxomax Album Award Won 1999 "Yozora no Mukō" Song of the Year (Special Award) Won 2001 "Lion Heart" Song of the Year Won 2002 SMAP Vest Pop Album of the Year Won 2004 "Sekai ni Hitotsu Dake no Hana" Song of the Year Won Smap! Tour! 2002! Music Video of the Year Won Live MIJ Won 2006 SMAP to Icchatta! SMAP Sample Tour2005 Won 2007 Pop Up! SMAP Live Best Music Videos Won 2009 SMAP 2008 Super Modern Artistic Performance Tour Won 2017 SMAP 25 Years Album of the Year Won Japan Music Award[edit] The Japan Music Awards are presented by the Broadcast Music Producers Federation for outstanding achievements in the record industry. SMAP has won one award.[154] 1991 "Can't Stop!! Loving" Rookie of the Year Won Japan Record Award[edit] The Japan Record Awards are presented by the Japan Composer's Association for outstanding achievements in the record industry. SMAP declined their nominations.[155] 2003 "Sekai ni Hitotsu Dake no Hana" Japan Record Award Declined Gold Award Declined Publications[edit] SMAP Super Photo Book The First (October 1992) ISBN 978-4056011500 SMAP Photo Book Shonenki (June 1993) ISBN 978-4081021123 SMAP Year Book 1993-1994 reminiscence (May 1994) ISBN 978-4847024283 SMAP Year Book 1994-1995 revival & evolution (June 1996) ISBN 978-4847024290 Snap (December 2001) ISBN 978-4893891716 The SMAP Magazine Super fashion & Music Assemble Photo magazine (October 2010) ISBN 978-4-8387-8614-5 SMAP×SMAP Complete Book Gekkan SmaSma Shinbun Vol.1 Pink (June 19, 2012) ISBN 978-4863362369 SMAP×SMAP Complete Book Gekkan SmaSma Shinbun Vol.2 Red (June 19, 2012) ISBN 978-4863362369 SMAP×SMAP Complete Book Gekkan SmaSma Shinbun Vol.3 Blue (July 24, 2012) ISBN 978-4863362376 SMAP×SMAP Complete Book Gekkan SmaSma Shinbun Vol.4 Yellow (August 28, 2012) ISBN 978-4863362383 SMAP×SMAP Complete Book Gekkan SmaSma Shinbun Vol.5 Green (September 18, 2012) ISBN 978-4863362390 List of best-selling music artists in Japan Kōhaku Uta Gassen ^ a b c "SMAP". Japan-Zone. Retrieved 2009-12-13. ^ Schilling, Mark (Ed.) (1997). The encyclopedia of Japanese pop culture, p.234. First Edition, Weatherhill, Inc. ^ "SMAP「世界に一つだけの花」300万枚突破ファンの「購買運動」目標達成". Oricon News. Oricon. December 9, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2018. ^ http://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2049025/full/ ^ http://www.tokyohive.com/article/2015/02/smap-top-oricon-weekly-single-ranking-for-32nd-time ^ Yoshida, Reiji (August 14, 2016). "SMAP disbanded on New Year's Eve of 2016". The Japan Times. Retrieved August 14, 2016. ^ "SMAPの前身「スケートボーイズ」に所属していた豪華メンバーたち". Excite News. Nikkan Taishu. Archived from the original on 2017-01-27. Retrieved Aug 26, 2015. ^ "武器はテレビ。SMAP怒涛の27時間に挑む". 27時間テレビ. Fuji Television. Retrieved July 26, 2014. ^ "出演者が豪華すぎる!アイドル共和国を支えたレギュラー陣!". ミドルエッジ. Retrieved January 28, 2016. ^ "あぶない少年III". テレビドラマデータベース. Retrieved September 14, 2015. ^ "SMAP、18年ぶりにテレ東出演デビュー当初の映像大放出". Oricon Style. Retrieved March 1, 2014. ^ a b "ＳＭＡＰ　いきなり日本武道館ライブ、紅白には通算２３回出場". Sponichi Annex. 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Retrieved 2010-01-03. ^ "Japan Gold Disc Awards 2007". Japan Gold Disc Award (in Japanese). Retrieved 2010-01-03. ^ "RIAJ Yearbook 2017" (PDF). Recording Industry Association of Japan. p. 20. Retrieved November 8, 2018. ^ "22nd Japan Music Awards" (in Japanese). sound.jp. Retrieved November 8, 2018. ^ 何があったレコ大…ＳＭＡＰ＆直太朗が受賞辞退 (in Japanese). Sankei Sports. December 2, 2003. Archived from the original on December 6, 2003. Retrieved November 8, 2018. Wikimedia Commons has media related to SMAP. Official Johnny's website SMAP at AllMusic Super Modern Artistic Performance Smap Vest SMAP 25 Years "Sekai ni Hitotsu Dake no Hana" "Moment" "Shareotsu/Hello" JVC Kenwood Victor Entertainment Johnny & Associates SMAP×SMAP Shonentai Coming Century Tegomass Kanjani Eight Hey! Say! 7 Hey! Say! BEST Busaiku Johnny's WEST King & Prince Mr. KING Masahiko Kondo Tomohisa Yamashita Yuma Nakayama Mizuki Sano Toma Ikuta Hiroki Uchi Shunsuke Kazama Johnny's Jr. HiHi Jets J-Friends Ya-ya-yah Toraji Haiji Shūji to Akira Kitty GYM Yuma Nakayama w/B.I.Shadow Four Leaves Shibugakitai The Good-Bye Otokogumi Hikaru Genji Hiromi Go Mayo Kawasaki Jin Akanishi Tackey & Tsubasa MusicBrainz: 6ab7953b-8480-41fe-a9fe-5e220d8e9429 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SMAP&oldid=905559388" Japanese boy bands Japanese pop music groups Vocal quintets Japanese idol groups Victor Entertainment artists	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2470
__label__wiki	0.884634	0.884634	Sexton (artillery) 25pdr SP, tracked, Sexton A Sexton on display at the Dutch Cavalry Museum in 2013 Self-propelled artillery Montreal Locomotive Works No. built Mark I, Mark II 25 tons (25.86 tonnes)[1] 20 ft 1 in (6.12 m)[1] 8 ft 11 in( 2.71 m)[1] 8 ft (2.44 m)[1] 6 [1] (Commander, Driver, Gunner, Gun-Layer, Loader, Wireless Operator) +40° to -9° 25° left 15° right 15-32 mm[1] Ordnance QF 25 pounder (87.6 mm) Mk II 105 rounds (mostly HE) carried on board Two 0.303 (7.7 mm) Bren light machine guns 50 30-round magazines Continental R-975 9 cylinder Radial gasoline [1] 400 hp (298 kW)[1] Vertical volute spring 125 miles+ (200 km)[1] 25 mph (40 km/h)[1] The 25pdr SP, tracked, Sexton[2] was a self-propelled artillery vehicle of the Second World War. It was based on Canadian-built derivatives of the American M3 Lee and M4 Sherman tank chassis, which entered production in Canada as the Ram and Grizzly. When Sherman production in the US expanded and supply was no longer a problem, in 1943 it was decided to switch the Canadian production lines to produce the Sexton to give the British Army a mobile artillery gun using their Ordnance QF 25 pounder gun-howitzer, which could fire an 87.6 mm (3.45 in) 11.5 kg (25 lb) HE shell or an armour-piercing shell. It found use in the Canadian and British Army, as well as numerous other British Empire and associated forces. Just after the war, a number of Grizzly and Sextons were sold to Portugal, who used them into the 1980s. 3 British self-propelled gun naming In order to better provide artillery support in the highly mobile desert warfare of the North African Campaign, the British Army had quickly adapted a number of obsolete Valentine tanks with the 25-pounder gun. These were introduced in 1942 as the Bishop, but proved to have many problems in service. In particular, the turret left little room for elevation, and gunners took to driving their tanks onto hills or dirt ramps in order to get the full range out of the gun. The Bishop was quickly replaced by the US-built M7 Priest, consisting of the US 105 mm gun mounted on the M3 Lee tank chassis. A Sexton self-propelled gun of the 147th (Essex Yeomanry) Field Regiment in 1944 However, the Priest used the American 105 mm howitzer rather than the British QF 25 pounder gun-howitzer. Having to supply different ammunition for just a few units complicated supply for the British Army. The US attempted to fit a 25 pounder to the M7 Priest, producing the T51 in mid-1942, but the program suffered delays including the destruction of the gun mount on the prototype during the first live-firing exercises.[1] US resources were not available for a vehicle solely for British use, so Britain turned to Canada. The Canadian Army Engineering Design Branch through the Canadian government's Department of Munitions and Supply were asked to build a vehicle similar to the M7 on the Ram tank chassis. The Ram tank was a Canadian tank design that used the chassis of the American Medium Tank M3 as did the Priest. The Ram had been sidelined by a decision to standardize on the Sherman tank for British and Canadian units. A prototype was completed on 23 June 1942. Following trials in Canada, the Canadian government ordered 124 vehicles in three batches. The prototype was shipped to the United Kingdom in early 1943,[3] where it underwent further trials; the vehicle was found to be highly satisfactory and was given the designation "Sexton" (after the religious custodian) in May 1943. The British government ordered 300 Sextons in the summer of 1943; however, these Sextons were to be built on Grizzly tank hulls (Canadian-built M4A1 Sherman tanks) instead of Ram tank hulls. The Ram-based Sexton was designated as the Sexton Mark I and the Grizzly-based Sexton was designated the Sexton Mark II. British orders for the Sexton II eventually totalled 2,026 vehicles. Unlike the Ram, which was inferior operationally to the Sherman and never saw combat as a gun tank, the Sexton was successful.[4] Between 1943 and 1945, the Montreal Locomotive Works manufactured a total of 2,150 Sextons for the use of both Canadian and British forces. The vehicle entered service in September 1943. The vehicles were first used in combat in Italy by the British Eighth Army.[1] Later, Sextons took part in the invasion of France and subsequent Battle of Normandy and the campaign in north-western Europe. During the D-day landings, a number of Sextons were ordered to fire from their landing craft as they approached the beaches although the fire did not prove to be very accurate.[1] In spite of its confused origins, the Sexton was a combination of proven parts and proved to be a successful design that remained in British service until 1956. Britain and Canada used the Sexton for indirect supporting fire, keeping the Sextons back from the front line and used forward observers to direct overwhelming fire onto a target. Indian 1st and 2nd Field Artillery Regiments used Sextons after World War II.[5] Variants[edit] Sexton I The first 125 vehicles manufactured. Based on the Ram tank hull. Sexton II Boxes added to the rear deck to carry batteries and an auxiliary generator to charge them. Based on the Grizzly (M4A1 Sherman) hull. Sexton GPO (Gun Position Officer) The 25 pounder was removed and an extra No. 19 Wireless was added along with map tables; this vehicle was used to control battery fire.[6] British self-propelled gun naming[edit] A British self-propelled gun armed with the Ordnance QF 25-pounder in design from 1941 was given the service name "Bishop" as its appearance was said to resemble a bishop's mitre. A replacement, the US 105 Millimeter Howitzer Motor Carriage M7 was called "Priest" by the British, as part of its superstructure was said to resemble a priest's pulpit. Following this line of names, a 1942 self-propelled QF 6 pounder on truck chassis was named "Deacon", and a 1943 tracked QF 25-pounder was called "Sexton". A post-war self-propelled gun was called Abbot. 25pdr Sexton self-propelled artillery vehicle moving during demonstration at Fort Nelson, Hampshire 25pdr Sexton self-propelled artillery vehicle firing during demonstration at Fort Nelson, Hampshire Yeramba - an Australian armoured vehicle of the 1950s mounting of 25 pounder on an M3 hull. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Livesey, Jack (2007). Armoured Fighting Vehicles of World Wars I and II. Southwater. pp. 106–107. ISBN 978-1-84476-370-2. ^ also "Mounting, SP, 25-pdr, C, Mk I" ^ AFV Profile "Ram and Sexton" ^ Stacey, C. P. (1970). Arms, Men and Government: The War Policies of Canada, 1939 - 1945 (PDF). The Queen's Printer by authority of the Minister of National Defence. pp. 513–514. ^ Henry, Chris (2002). The 25-pounder Field Gun 1939–72. New Vanguard 48. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p. 39. ISBN 9781841763507. ^ AFV Profile Chris Ellis, Peter Chamberlain - AFV No. 13 - Ram and Sexton, Profile Publications, England Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sexton. WWII Vehicles Juno Beach Centre British Commonwealth armoured fighting vehicles of the Second World War Light Tank Mk I, Mk II, Mk III, Mk IV and Mk V Light Tank Mk VI Light Tank Mk VII Tetrarch Vickers 6-ton M3/M5 Stuart * M22 Locust * M24 Chaffee * Cruiser tanks Cruiser Mk I Cruiser Mk II Cruiser Mk III Cruiser Mk IV Covenanter Centaur and Cromwell Ram ‡ Sentinel † Infantry tanks Matilda I Matilda II Medium tanks Grant/Lee * Grizzly I ‡ Sherman * Sherman Firefly Vickers Medium Mark II Self-propelled Priest* Sexton ‡ anti-tank 17pdr SP Achilles M10 tank destroyer * Armoured personnel Kangaroo ‡ Loyd Carrier M2 half-track * Universal Carrier Scout cars and Scout cars Daimler Dingo Dingo Scout Car † Humber Scout Car Lynx Scout Car ‡ S1 Scout Car † AEC Armoured Car Boarhound Armoured Car * Coventry Armoured Car Daimler Armoured Car Fox Armoured Car ‡ Greyhound Armoured Car * Guy Armoured Car Humber Armoured Car Indian Pattern Carrier § Lanchester Armoured Car Marmon-Herrington Armoured Cars SA Morris CS9 Rhino Heavy Armoured Car † Rolls-Royce Armoured Car Rover Light Armoured Car † Staghound Armoured Car * Standard Beaverette Reconnaisance cars Humber Light Reconnaissance Car Morris Light Reconnaissance Car Otter Light Reconnaissance Car ‡ Armoured command AEC Armoured Command Vehicle Guy Lizard Armoured trucks Bedford OXA C15TA Armoured Truck ‡ Leyland Beaver-Eel White Scout Car * Experimental vehicles AC4 † AC3 'Thunderbolt' Basilisk Flamethrower Armoured Car Bedford Cockatrice and Heavy Cockatrice Bob Semple tank ¶ Light Tank Mk VIII 'Harry Hopkins' Hillman Gnat Schofield ¶ TOG 1 Key: * American lend-lease, † Australian, ‡ Canadian, § Indian, SA South African, ¶ New Zealand Background: British armoured fighting vehicle production during World War II, Tanks in the British Army Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sexton_(artillery)&oldid=868842845" World War II self-propelled artillery World War II armoured fighting vehicles of Canada World War II armoured fighting vehicles of the United Kingdom Self-propelled artillery of the United Kingdom Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1942 M4 Sherman tanks	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2471
__label__wiki	0.980673	0.980673	Sir George Nugent, 1st Baronet For other people named George Nugent, see George Nugent (disambiguation). Sir George Nugent, Bt (1757-06-10)10 June 1757 11 March 1849(1849-03-11) (aged 91) Westhorpe House, Buckinghamshire Service/branch Commands held 97th Regiment of Foot 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards Buckinghamshire Volunteers Kent District Commander-in-Chief, India Battles/wars French Revolutionary Wars Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath George Nugent, Pembroke Cavalry, 1798 Field Marshal Sir George Nugent, 1st Baronet, GCB (10 June 1757 – 11 March 1849) was a British Army officer. After serving as a junior officer in the American Revolutionary War, he fought with the Coldstream Guards under the Duke of York during the Flanders Campaign. He then commanded the Buckinghamshire Volunteers in the actions of St. Andria and Thuyl on the river Waal and participated in the disastrous retreat from the Rhine. He went on to be commander of the northern district of Ireland, in which post he played an important part in placating the people of Belfast during the Irish Rebellion, and then became Adjutant-General in Ireland. He went on to be Governor of Jamaica, commander of the Western District in England, commander of the Kent District in England and finally Commander-in-Chief, India. 1 Military career 1.1 Early career 1.2 Flanders and Ireland 1.3 Later career Military career[edit] Born the illegitimate son of Lieutenant Colonel the Hon. Edmund Nugent (who was the only son of Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent) and a Ms Fennings, Nugent was educated at Charterhouse School and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich.[1] He was commissioned as an ensign in the 39th Regiment of Foot on 5 July 1773[2] and was posted to Gibraltar.[3] He transferred the 7th Regiment of Foot at New York with promotion to lieutenant in September 1777 and saw action at the Battle of Forts Clinton and Montgomery in October 1777 and then took part in the Philadelphia campaign during the American Revolutionary War.[3] He continued to serve in North America and became a captain in the 57th Regiment of Foot on 28 April 1778[4] and a major in the same regiment on 3 May 1782.[5] Flanders and Ireland[edit] Promoted to lieutenant colonel in September 1783, Nugent was appointed commanding officer of the 97th Regiment of Foot and returned to England, but in the post-war cost reductions the regiment was disbanded and he instead became commanding officer of the 13th Regiment of Foot in 1787.[6] He became an aide-de-camp to his brother-in-law, the Marquess of Buckingham, who was serving as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, in November 1787.[6] On Buckingham's departure from Ireland, Nugent became commanding officer of the 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards in 1789.[6] Nugent became Member of Parliament for Buckingham in 1790.[7] He exchanged into the Coldstream Guards as a company commander in October 1790[8] and served at the Siege of Valenciennes in May 1793, the Battle of Lincelles in August 1793 and the Siege of Dunkirk also in August 1793 under the Duke of York during the Flanders Campaign.[6] Westhorpe House where Nugent lived for over 40 years The War Office recalled Nugent to supervise the raising of the Buckinghamshire Volunteers in March 1794.[9] He commanded the regiment under Sir Ralph Abercromby in the actions of St. Andria and Thuyl on the river Waal and participated in the disastrous retreat from the Rhine.[10] Promoted to major general on 1 May 1796, he became Captain of St Mawes Castle on 5 November 1796.[11] He went on to be commander of the northern district of Ireland in 1798, in which post he played an important part in placating the people of Belfast during the Irish Rebellion that year, and became Adjutant-General in Ireland in August 1799.[12] He also represented Charleville in the last Irish House of Commons before the Acts of Union 1800.[6] Later career[edit] Nugent became Governor of Jamaica in April 1801[13] with promotion to local lieutenant general on 29 May 1802.[14] While serving there, he strengthened the fort that the Spanish slave agent in Jamaica, James Castillo, had built in 1709 in Harbour View. Named Fort Nugent, the fort guarded the eastern entrance of the city of Kingston Harbour, although all that remains there now is a Martello tower that was added after Nugent's departure.[15] Promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant general on 25 September 1803,[16] Nugent returned to England in February 1806 and became commander of the Western District in England in August 1806.[1] He was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Aylesbury on 3 November 1806[17] and created a baronet of Waddesdon in the county of Buckinghamshire on 11 November 1806.[18] He bought Westhorpe House in Buckinghamshire in October 1808 and became commander of the Kent District in England in July 1809.[1] Nugent stood down from his seat in Parliament to become Commander-in-Chief, India in January 1811 and, having been appointed a Knight of the Order of the Bath on 1 February 1813[19] and promoted to full general on 4 June 1813, he was replaced as Commander-in-Chief by Lord Moira in October 1813.[6] Nugent was relegated to the role of Commander of the Bengal Army but instead chose to return to England in October 1814.[1] On return he unleashed a "skin-full of venom" against Lord Moira who in turn complained to the Prince Regent about Nugent's hostile behaviour.[20] He was advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 2 January 1815[21] and, having been elected Member of Parliament for Buckingham again in July 1818,[22] he was awarded an honorary DCL by the University of Oxford in 1819.[1] He finally retired from Parliament in 1832.[1] Nugent also served as honorary colonel of the 85th (Bucks Volunteers) Regiment of Foot, then as honorary colonel of the 62nd Regiment of Foot[23] and later as honorary colonel of the 6th Regiment of Foot.[24] Promoted to field marshal on 9 November 1846,[25] he died at Westhorpe House on 11 March 1849 and was buried at St John the Baptist Church in Little Marlow.[6] Family[edit] Nugent married Maria Skinner, a daughter of Cortlandt Skinner, the Attorney-General of New Jersey and a descendant of the Schuyler family and Van Cortlandt family of British North America,[26] in Belfast on 16 November 1797; they had three sons and two daughters.[6] Lady Nugent wrote a journal of her experiences in Jamaica first published in 1907.[27] ^ a b c d e f "Sir George Nugent, 1st Baronet". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 2 March 2014. ^ "No. 11377". The London Gazette. 7 August 1773. p. 1. ^ a b Heathcote, p.232 ^ "No. 11888". The London Gazette. 30 June 1778. p. 1. ^ "No. 12313". The London Gazette. 13 July 1782. p. 3. ^ a b c d e f g h Heathcote, p.233 ^ "No. 13226". The London Gazette. 7 August 1790. p. 503. ^ "No. 13245". The London Gazette. 12 October 1790. p. 622. ^ "No. 13628". The London Gazette. 1 March 1794. p. 191. ^ Smith, p.4. ^ "No. 13948". The London Gazette. 5 November 1796. p. 1062. ^ "No. 15185". The London Gazette. 21 September 1799. p. 966. ^ "No. 15365". The London Gazette. 12 May 1801. p. 533. ^ Clements, p. 125 ^ "No. 15624". The London Gazette. 27 September 1803. p. 1317. ^ "No. 16035". The London Gazette. 6 June 1807. p. 763. ^ "No. 16699". The London Gazette. 30 January 1813. p. 228. ^ "Sir George Nugent, 1st Baronet". History of Parliament. Retrieved 2 March 2014. ^ "No. 16972". The London Gazette. 4 January 1815. p. 18. ^ "No. 17376". The London Gazette. 7 July 1818. p. 1218. ^ "No. 15877". The London Gazette. 31 December 1805. p. 4. ^ "No. 20660". The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 November 1846. p. 3987. ^ Burke, Bernard. A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland, Volume 2. London: Harrison 1871, page 1270 ^ "Lady Maria Nugent [Skinner]". Dukes of Buckingham. Archived from the original on 2 March 2014. Retrieved 2 March 2014. Clements, William (1999). Towers of strength: the story of the Martello towers. Leo Copper. ISBN 978-0850526790. Heathcote, Tony (1999). The British Field Marshals, 1736–1997: A Biographical Dictionary. Barnsley: Leo Cooper. ISBN 0-85052-696-5. Smith, Henry Stooks (1851). An alphabetical list of the officers of the Eighty-Fifth, Bucks Volunteers, the Kings Light Infantry Regiment from 1800 to 1850. London: Simpkin, Marshall. ISBN 978-1110157846. Wright, Philip (2002). Lady Nugent's Journal of Her Residence in Jamaica from 1801 to 1805. University of the West Indies Press. ISBN 1-84415-143-3. Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Sir George Nugent James Grenville Charles Edmund Nugent Member of Parliament for Buckingham With: James Grenville 1790 The Lord Bridport 1790–1796 Thomas Grenville 1796–1801 Succeeded by Parliament of Ireland Rogerson Cotter Charles Boyle Member of Parliament for Charleville With: Rogerson Cotter Succeeded by Parliament of Great Britain Member of Parliament for Buckingham With: Thomas Grenville Succeeded by Thomas Grenville Lord William Allen Proby James Du Pre William Cavendish Member of Parliament for Aylesbury With: George Cavendish 1806–1809 Thomas Hussey 1809–1812 Succeeded by Thomas Hussey The Lord Nugent William Fremantle James Hamilton Stanhope Member of Parliament for Buckingham With: William Fremantle 1818–1827 Sir Thomas Fremantle, 1st Bt 1827–1832 Succeeded by Sir Thomas Fremantle, 1st Bt Sir Harry Verney The Earl of Balcarres Governor of Jamaica Sir Eyre Coote Military offices Forbes Champagné Commander-in-Chief, India The Earl of Moira Edward Mathew Colonel of the 62nd (Wiltshire) Regiment of Foot Eyre Coote Baronetage of the United Kingdom New creation Baronet (of Waddesdon) George Edmund Nugent Adlercron Caillaud Coote Clavering Stibbert Cornwallis Abercromby Hewett Paget Bentinck Nicolls Gomm Nairne Creagh Monro Rawlinson Chetwode Cassels Auchinleck Wavell Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sir_George_Nugent,_1st_Baronet&oldid=901351671" People educated at Charterhouse School Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War British Commanders-in-Chief of India British field marshals Governors of Jamaica Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath People of the Irish Rebellion of 1798 Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Cork constituencies Irish MPs 1798–1800 Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies British MPs 1790–1796 Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies UK MPs 1806–1807 39th Regiment of Foot officers Royal Fusiliers officers Somerset Light Infantry officers 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards officers Coldstream Guards officers King's Shropshire Light Infantry officers Nugent family Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y Use dmy dates from March 2012 Use British English from March 2012	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2472
__label__cc	0.728806	0.271194	Violent Persecution of Christians Rising in India – Attack Recorded Every 40 Hours Apr 30, 2017 \| 0 \| A new report says that violent attacks on the Christian minority in India are increasing at an alarming rate, as the emboldened members of groups close to the governing Hindu nationalist party seek to create a “Hindu nation.” There’s an anti-Christian attack every 40 hours, the report highlights.The report by the All India Christian Council says attacks against Christians increased by about 20 percent in 2016, and physical violence against Christians was up by as much as 40 percent. A fresh attack is being reported every 40 hours, it added. “The attacks have become severe and more frequent. Incidents used to be confined to a few states. Now the violence has spread to 23 states,” the report notes, pointing out that the sharpest rise has been recorded in the northern Uttar Pradesh state and the southern state of Telangana. The attacks involve physical beating, vandalism and torching of churches, burning of Bibles, death threats, forcing Christians to renounce their faith and convert to Hinduism, and disruption of and attacks on church services and prayer meetings. READ MORE Ricky Scaparo	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2473
__label__cc	0.603739	0.396261	Home > Donate by Condition to Research, Patient Care and Education > Donate to Sarcoidosis Research & Care Donate to Sarcoidosis Research, Patient Care and Education Sarcoidosis is a disease that causes inflammation of the organs. This disease most commonly affects the lungs and lymph nodes, but also can spread throughout the body to other organs, including the heart and brain. Medical professionals believe that sarcoidosis results from an immune reaction caused by exposure to an irritating agent such as bacteria, viruses or chemicals. In more severe cases, sarcoidosis can lead to organ failure. Fortunately, two-thirds of people with sarcoidosis go into remission within 3-10 years after a diagnosis is made. By making a donation to Northwestern Memorial Foundation in support of sarcoidosis research and care at Nortwhestern Medicine, you will help scientists and physicians to continue to study the complexities of sarcoidosis and to make strides toward developing new and more effective therapies. Though the exact cause of sarcoidosis is still unknown, there are several factors that increase a person’s risk of developing this disease, including: Gender: Sarcoidosis is more prevalent in women. Age: Onset of sarcoidosis usually occurs between the ages of 20-40. Race: African-Americans are at higher risk and experience more severe symptoms. Family history: Chances are greater of getting the sarcoidosis if another family member has been diagnosed. Although there is no cure for sarcoidosis, scientists and physicians at Northwestern Medicine are optimistic that continued clinical research will lead to significant breakthroughs. This essential work will be further advanced by donations to Northwestern Memorial Foundation from generous supporters like you. Members of Northwestern Medicine’s Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine provide comprehensive diagnostic and treatment services, and deliver individualized, compassionate care to every patient. Until a cure is found, people with sarcoidosis have several different treatment options to ease symptoms and avoid future complications. Current treatments available to people affected by sarcoidosis include: Watchful waiting: Many times the symptoms of sarcoidosis go away on their own. Regular check-ups with eye exams, skin exams, x rays and imaging of organs are recommended to ensure that symptoms are not returning. Medication: Medications, such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, hydroxychloroquine and TNF-alpha inhibitors, are prescribed in more severe cases. Supplemental oxygen Lung transplant: Severe scarring and damage to the lungs may require a transplant. Sarcoidosis Research, Patient Care and Education Donation Your donation to Northwestern Memorial Foundation will provide crucial support to physicians and scientists at Northwestern Medicine as they strive to better understand and treat sarcoidosis. With the help of your generous contribution, these dedicated investigators and care providers will make strides toward finding a cure for sarcoidosis. Learn more about our patient-centered mission.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2476
__label__cc	0.544602	0.455398	Looking deeper at the best classic movies GREAT FILMS FILM LISTS FILM LINKS Review: Shadow of a Doubt (1943) Posted on July 6, 2016 by 4StarFilmFan It is well documented that Shadow of a Doubt was Hitchcock’s personal favorite of his own films. That’s quite a telling statement when you do a quick scroll through some of the titles up for contention. Vertigo, Psycho, Rear Window, North by Northwest, Notorious, even The Birds. And yet the famed “Master of Suspense” chose the often glossed over Shadow of a Doubt. If we take a slightly closer look it makes a great deal of sense as the film follows through with one of Hitch’s most prominent credos, “There is no terror in the bang, only in the anticipation of it.” That’s, in fact, a great deal of what Shadow of a Doubt is. It’s the cringe-inducing anticipation for what is bound to happen. The inevitable that is plain as day, except not everyone sees it so clearly. But that’s enough ambiguity. The story opens in a depressed urban city with Charles Oakley (Joseph Cotten) laid out pensively on his bed. Dollar bills are scattered haphazardly across his floor. Soon he learns two men want to talk with him, and he’s not about to get acquainted so he gives them the slip and heads to the one decent place he can think of. Santa Rosa, California, the peaceful abode of his older sister Emma and her family. What we learn over time is that Charlie is known at large as the “Merry Widow Murderer,” because he has strangled three such women and taken their valuables. Hitchcock playfully alludes to the fact by opening his film with the “Merry Widow Waltz” and it will pop up throughout the entire story if you’re paying attention. His train comes barreling towards town with smoke spewing ominously. For now, his oblivious family is just happy to see his face, especially his oldest niece and namesake Charlie (Teresa Wright) who is ecstatic to have something to shake the family out of their funk of normalcy. At this point, there is little to be uneasy about, because Uncle Charlie is not about to do anything rash, but there are a few moments where he gets uneasy. Covering up a paper headline and doing his best to avoid two men taking photos for a national survey. Charlie doesn’t think much of it at first, and it feels just like old times with uncle giving gifts and receiving the royal treatment. Except the ring he presents to Charlie is plundered jewelry with a mysterious pair of initials engraved on it. Of course, the men interviewing the Newton household are actually trailing Uncle Charlie, and Detective Graham fills Charlie in while also becoming fond of her. But it’s not the kind of news she’s willing to accept. How can she? It’s a late night visit to the local library that finally confirms all her deepest fears. Soon, the telltale signs become more apparent to the audacious girl, and Charlie simultaneously notices the changes in her as well. This is where the film becomes fidget-inducing because it’s out in the open. Uncle Charlie knows that she knows, and still he remains in their home, in quiet little Santa Rosa, as if nothing has changed. For most of the family, nothing has, but Charlie’s demeanor is completely different. She just wants her uncle gone, away from her family, and then there’s the impending threat that her own life might be in danger. In truth, Uncle Charlie doesn’t want her around, even though it looks like he might get off scotch free. His mind is already so twisted — so far gone — that he coolly attempts to get rid of Charlie, right under the very noses of their family. It turns into a psychological mind game between uncle and niece, Charlie vs. Charlie. There’s no detective to save her now because he’s already left town and there’s no other direction to turn. She finally does succeed in getting dear uncle to leave town, and it looks like the living suburban nightmare is coming to a close. Then, in a final instant on the outbound train, Hitchcock’s lets off a BANG! The film’s culmination arrives and is just as quickly passed over. It’s done just like that, but it’s not really what was important. All that nerve-wracking build-up — the meat and potatoes of the drama was what was paramount. Thus, Hitchcock delivers us a shocking nightmare of a film. It’s not anything like Psycho, existing in a far more mundane world. But Shadow of the Doubt brazenly suggests that murder can reach us even in our homes, even in the places that feel the safest. Hitch exhibits his wicked sense of humor with two characters who love to talk murder in Mr. Newton (Henry Travers) and the next door neighbor Herb (Hume Cronyn). They obsess over crime fiction and discussing ways to get away with murder. Little do they know that the man in their midst is trying to do just that. Teresa Wright is certainly one of my favorite actresses and her role as Charlie is one of her bests highlighting her cordial charm, while also revealing her adeptness in the role of a tortured heroine. We want her to succeed more than anything, and as an audience, we worry for her well-being the entire film. Meanwhile, Joseph Cotten generally plays laconic types, but still, they usually have more goodness than baseness in their souls. Uncle Charlie is a fine role for him because he’s so sweetly cunning and at the same time sadistically twisted. Unfortunately, the role of Detective Saunders feels rather shallow, but that’s hardly something to get stuck on. If that were the case, we could easily point to Charlie’s parents who seem way too old. But they are perfectly average, ordinary folks, as played by Henry Travers and Patricia Collinge. The script work of the preeminent Thorton Wilder (Our Town) and the on-location shooting in the Everytown of Santa Rosa lend a universality to this thriller’s impending dread. Dimitri Tiomkin heightens the film with his usually stirring, pulse-pounding approach to scoring. Hitchcock’s camera, while in black and white, is nevertheless noticeably dynamic. He always emphasizes the necessary focal points, and extreme close-ups and high angles only accentuate the drama. His use of the stairwells in the house is absolutely marvelous, implying both distance and foreboding in numerous shots. For every shot that Cotten looks menacing, there is an equal number highlighting the pure innocence of Wright. It’s the perfect juxtaposition of character, in a film that is really only your typical see-sawing struggle of good versus evil. Except it takes place in our own backyards. This entry was posted in 1940s, Drama, Thriller and tagged Alfred Hitchcock, Great Film, Henry Travers, Hume Cronyn, Joseph Cotten, Psychological, Review, Teresa Wright by 4StarFilmFan. Bookmark the permalink. 1 thought on “Review: Shadow of a Doubt (1943)” Vienna on July 6, 2016 at 11:46 pm said: Great review. An incredible film. One still wonders why Teresa Wright did not have a bigger Hollywood career. 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__label__wiki	0.801232	0.801232	Air weekdate: Wednesday Genre: Drama, Crime Channel: NBC Status: Running 8.4/10(62 votes) Jason Beghe as Sgt. Hank Voight Jon Seda as Det. Antonio Dawson Sophia Bush as Det. Erin Lindsay Jesse Lee Soffer as Det. Jay Halstead Patrick John Flueger as Det. Kyle Ruzek Amy Morton as Sgt. Trudy Platt Amy Morton as Desk Sgt. Trudy Platt Archie Kao as Sheldon Jin Brian Geraghty as Officer Sean Roman Elias Koteas as Det. Alvin Olinsky District 21 of the Chicago Police Department is made up of two distinctly different groups. There are the uniformed cops who patrol the beat and go head to head with the city's street crimes. And there's the Intelligence Unit, the team that combats the city's major offenses - organized crime, drug trafficking, high profile murders and beyond. These are their stories. Chicago PD season 1 District 21 of the Chicago Police Department is made up of two distinctly different groups: The uniformed cops who patrol the beat and deal with street crimes, and the intelligence unit, the team that combats the cityâ€™s major offenses, such as organized crime, drug trafficking and high-profile murders. Leading the intelligence team is Sgt. Hank Voight, a man not against skirting the law in the pursuit of justice. Demanding and tough, only those who can take the heat survive under Voightâ€™s command. Take Det. Antonio Dawson, for example. Despite a troubled history with his boss, Dawson has ambitions of running the unit. If that means facing off against Voight every day, heâ€™ll persevere. From the street cops with dreams of moving up to the elite crew who are already in, â€œlife on the jobâ€ is a daily challenge. In the opening of the second season of Chicago PD Voight is interrogated about Jin's homicide. The intelligence unit cannot investigate the murder but nevertheless tries to do it. As it turns out a little bit later Jin worked for Internal Affairs and this prompts the unit a possible lead. Meanwhile Burgess receives new partner Sean Roman, who is just enlisted. Here we witness serial killings the solving of which becomes a personal matter for Voight. The thing is that one of the deceased was an intimate friend of Hank. Voight and other men from the Intelligence unit search for a killer, trying to target Halstead, who is positioned under protective custody. Also, Lindsay's mother is going to get married but is worried to lose her daughter after that. Furthermore we follow a shocking kidnapping for ransom of a politician's daughter and her friend. Moreover it becomes apparent that Dawson's marriage is in a perilous predicament with an impact on his family after visitation of his daughter. If you look for an intriguingly twisted storyline keep track of the Chicago PD series. Chicago police in the new season is also continuing her work on the investigation. The head of the police unit still remains a bold and charismatic Sergeant Hank Voight. After recent bad news he was very upset. His colleague Erin Lindsay is concerned that the Nadi Dekotis no more. Erin has police badge that gives her the right to engage on the investigation. But she still could not find the strength to come to work. She constantly with mother. Thus, trying to protect herself with grief and guilt for the death of Nadia Dekotis. So Hank experiencing and worries for Erin more than other employees of the police unit. However, one of the employees believes that soon everything will fall into place. And Erin is calm down and takes herself in hand. She will understand that life goes on and that she needs to start working. Season 4 continues to bottom on the exciting story about heroes left on the path of struggle with death and the risk of their own lives in order to protect the lives of others. TV series heroes employees of one of the most dangerous and honorable profession. Only the most courageous, reliable and heroically minded people which are able to take full dedication to a number of Chicago police. Since last season you may remember that one of the main characters was a terrible tragedy. Darden was captured fire and he was very hard to cope with the haunted danger. Despite this he managed to save the child's life at the risk of his own lives. After his death his son stupid boy those with no goals and no principles to rethink his life and decided to continue his father's work. He sets himself a goal to prove first of all to himself that he is able to change for the better and become a worthy continuation of his father's Darden. With regard to the lives of other characters to a greater extent Matthew is the passion close to the limit line. Difficulties in the relationship with his partner make him think about the break as the only correct way out from this situation. However for such a decision he paid dearly. Matthew is very hard going through a break in the relationship and he can not hide his tension, aggression, lack of balance, which sadly affects the relationship with his colleague Kelly. Continuation of the series will tell whether the characters overcome their internal conflicts provoke the senses and enter the correct path of peace and understanding. Chicago P.D. season 5 continues to highlight the activities of the P.D. in Chicago. Although there will be some changes, because of what the unit may seem a bit unfamiliar to us. The next season will continue to reveal the secrets of Hank Voight, and also to tell the viewer about the relationship of employees. So, for example, Erin Lindsay will still agree to work in the counterterrorism unit of the FBI in New York in episode 1 of season 5. Her storyline in this TV show will end on this. On the contrary, detective Antonio Dawson, who transferred as a detective to the district prosecutor’s office in the middle of season 4, returns to his native Penates in the new season 5. The main character Hank Voight, although a “werewolf in epaulettes”, continues to protect the city from bandit wars and restrain calm in the new episodes of season 5 Chicago P.D. Hank Voight, together with his squad, is again taking on the most unprecedented and intricate cases in the upcoming Chicago P.D. season 6. Often these guys risk their own lives to save others, but their families are also not invulnerable. Sometimes criminals try to get to their relatives. Each new case is a real challenge, which can be overcome only in one way - well-coordinated teamwork. "Chicago P.D." was renewed for the season 6 after a year of change in season 5: Tracy Spiridakos (detective Hailey Upton) was promoted to a regular role, following the leaving of the actress of the original cast Sophia Bush (Detective Erin Lindsay). (20 views)	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2480
__label__wiki	0.86487	0.86487	China Deluges U.S. with Trademark Filings March 14, 2019 Adam Garson Trademark It is widely known that China has been the source of cyber attacks against public and private entities in the United States. The nature and effectiveness of these attacks are of considerable concern. According to one estimate, cyber theft by the Chinese has cost the U.S. economy more than $300 billion annually taking into account intellectual property theft. So, if you are not concerned, perhaps, you should be. But cyber attacks are not the only Chinese conduct that is affecting the United States economy. It has been recently reported that the Chinese have initiated a campaign of U.S. trademark filings with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”). In 2013, for example, Chinese companies filed 4,112 trademark applications. In 2017, Chinese companies filed more than 12 times that number, 51,423 applications! . The Director of the USPTO has stated Forecasts indicate that annual increases are expected to average 10% during the next eight years – to more than double the current level. A big driver in the increase has been the significant rise in filings from China which now represent nearly 10% of total new applications. At the end of FY 2017, filings from China had increased by nearly 1,000% from FY 2013. If these trends continue, filings from China by 2023 are expected to represent at least 32% of total U.S. trademark filings. What explains this surge? There may be both legitimate and illegitimate reasons. First, the Chinese economy has been growing and expanding since 2013 so the increase in filings may just be representative of Chinese entrepreneurs entering the U.S. market. Second, Chinese government subsidies (PAYWALL) may be to blame. One source reports that in “a national effort to increase IP ownership China is paying companies and individuals, some of them prisoners, as much as the equivalent of $800 to register a trademark in the U.S.”. Indeed, the Wall Street Journal (PAYWALL) states that: The Patent and Trademark Office has found numerous instances of Chinese applicants asserting that a proposed trademark is used in commerce, while submitting multiple nearly-identical images of the same consumer product with a different word on the brand tag. FORLISEA, CINYIFAAN, ENJOYSWEETY and GOOKET are some of the two dozen Chinese brands shown on an identically designed pair of zebra-print pants, for example. We know from our own experience that Chinese companies filing so-called “intent to use” applications, choose a mark and literally list every product under the sun in the application. Often these applicants are represented by foreign “attorneys”, which in itself is not permitted under USPTO rules. But why are they doing this? It’s hard to say, but by flooding the PTO with bogus trademark applications, they are making it more difficult for legitimate entrepreneurs to register their trademarks. It’s not uncommon to have a trademark application rejected because a Chinese company has registered the same or similar trademark for the same or a related product. This slows down the process and puts the brakes on the entrepreneurial process. The USPTO claims that a majority of the applications are legitimate but acknowledges the problem. We are waiting for action. –Adam G. Garson, Esq. China, PTO, trademark application, trademarks, USPTO	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2482
__label__wiki	0.995156	0.995156	‘Alita: Battle Angel’ movie finally arrives, to lukewarm reviews London, February 4, 2019 – Some 15 years in the making and after multiple delays, sci-fi epic “Alita: Battle Angel” finally arrived on Thursday, but the Japanese manga-inspired action film earned only lukewarm reviews. The tale of a cyborg heroine in a post-apocalyptic world, “Alita: Battle Angel” was a passion project for acclaimed “Avatar” director James Cameron for years before he turned it over to director Robert Rodriguez. Speaking at the world premiere in London on Thursday, Rodriguez said Cameron, who first wrote a script in 2004, had crafted “a story that could really play around the world, even to people who don’t know manga.” “It’s a more universal story than I think people are expecting,” the director told Reuters. Rodriguez has said the movie’s budget was around $150 million. The release date was pushed back twice by Hollywood studio Twenty-First Century Fox. Early reviews were largely disappointing. While praising the film’s slick action sequences and the expressive, huge-eyed Alita – who is played by actress Rosa Salazar with CGI effects – many movie critics found the characters thinly developed. Britain’s Independent newspaper said “Alita” lacked the emotional pull of Cameron’s other blockbusters, “Avatar” and “Titanic.” Hollywood website The Wrap called the movie “a glossy muddle” while Britain’s Guardian newspaper said it was “a vanilla dystopian romance.” Los Angeles-based IndieWire was more enthusiastic, saying the film “lives up to its potential while leaving you wanting more.” Manga movies have proved a hard sell to Western filmgoers in the past, but Cameron, who retains a writing and producing credit, said on Thursday that “Alita” was different. “We know the film is a crowd pleaser. We know that for sure. Now, we know the audience will go with her (Alita) on her journey and believe in her and feel her spirit,” he said. The movie has also faced criticism for not casting Asian actors in the lead parts. Yukito Kishiro, who wrote the original graphic novels, said on Thursday he did not share the misgivings. “I think it’s a perfect cast. Had they had, say, a Japanese actress who can act the great action scenes, sure. But I suppose the casting people decided to go with what we have because there is a reason for that. I’m happy with that,” Kishiro told Reuters on the London red carpet. “Alita: Battle Angel” opens in the UK on Feb. 6 and in the United States on Feb. 14. – Reuters Previous articleGrace Tan of John Portman & Associates passed away Next articlePatriots beat Rams to win sixth Super Bowl title	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2483
__label__wiki	0.717445	0.717445	Playtesters Post-Apocalyptic Vehicular Mayhem Designing Around The Problem 2 Posted on October 9, 2017 September 21, 2018 By Mike Tagged Campaign System, Game Design Designing Gaslands is a voyage of discovery for me as a games designer. This blog is a way for me to consider the process and try to communicate what I’m learning from it. During this process, I’ve hit on a games design strategy that I wanted to explore here. For now, I’m calling the approach “designing around the problem”. I have already written about “minimum viable game“, and this is like “minimum viable fragment”. Exploration of a fragment of the larger game system by designing a game that ONLY features that one system. Back in October 2015, I released a major update to the beta rules. This mostly tightened up the movement rules, and provided a broader array of vehicles, weapons and upgrades. I knew that the next update had to contain the campaign system. In my imagining of the game, the campaign system was not just a way of linking games together, it was the central differentiator for Gaslands over other similar games. I sat down several times to write the campaign system as notes in my notebook. Ideas came slowly, and I realised that I didn’t real know enough about how the “arc” of the campaign should feel to write any compelling rules. My co-conspirator John and I agreed that a campaign should describe a race season, but exactly how to do this was unclear. Given my personal commitment to write a game a month, even whilst Gaslands was in full development, I attempted to design around the problem of the campaign system and explore it in a smaller game fragment. I wrote a casual little push-your-luck dice game that used the skid dice in which each player is a team and you race to win the season. Each round is a race, and the game ends when one player wins a five races. Other than a fun use of the skid dice I wanted to produce, what did writing this Gaslands dice game illuminate with regards to the campaign system for the main game? The main thing I discovered, and what you’ll see in the very simple campaign system that made it in the final book, was very interesting. In the dice game, each player starts each race with five dice. Regardless of the outcome of the previous race, all players always start again with five dice. At race starts on an even keel. Most of the classic wargame campaign systems that I have played, particularly those from GW, have a big emphasis on rewarding the victors and punishing the losers. From the start of the second game in a campaign in Necromunda, or Bloodbowl, or Frostgrave or Mordheim, the stakes are “unfair”. In my experience, weaker or less experienced players are punished and better players are rewarded. “As it should be”, some will say, “I should be rewarded for playing better, or what’s the point of mastering the game?” Whilst I agree that the more skilful or clever player should be rewarded within the confines of a SINGLE GAME, my experience is that rewarding this at the campaign level has a significantly negative effect on the meta-game. Players that get hammered in the first game don’t just have a bad time in the first game, they are now very likely to had a bad time in EVERY SUBSEQUENT GAME. We have all been part of campaigns were the players doing worst have dropped out. We shrug and assume that’s just the way of things. I think this is actually a symtom of bad design. A game should be fun all the way through, for all players, right up until a winner is chosen, or what’s the point in playing it? Considering the campaign as a meta-game, through writing a dice game and a card game, led me to the (possibly surprising) decision to dump the old school style progression system all together and go with a simple escalation format. Each player is simply gifted a number of additional cans before each game in the campaign. Each player beginning each game on a roughly equal footing. Better players are still more likely to win over weaker players, but weaker players aren’t playing at an additional mechanical disadvantage. Players who made smarter choices in team construction at the start of the season at likely still in a stronger position, but other players have a chance to learn and adjust their team. Players are rewarded for taking part, and hopefully want to see the campaign through, even if that aren’t going to win, because they get new toys and good games throughout the campaign. I’m interested to see how the community reacts to this design decision. I suspect that there will be a number of players who feel that the campaign system is light-weight and should have had a vehicle damage system or a reward and progression system linked to in-game performance, but I hope this article goes some way to showing why I think that’s the system I choose is the stronger and the more fun option. If you want to find out for yourself, head over to our store and pick the game up now! Gaslands: The Dice Game Preview: Skid Dice © 2015-2019 Mike Hutchinson. All rights reserved. Read our Privacy Policy. For more of Mike's games, check out Planet Smasher Games. Join the Gaslands Facebook Group \| Follow Gaslands on Twitter	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2484
__label__cc	0.638791	0.361209	A discussion about my boyfriends A couple of weeks ago, I spent a pleasant evening in a pub with Close Encounters. We hadn't seen each other since we had supper together back in May, so it was good to catch up with him :-). "So what can I get you?" asks Close Encounters, reaching the bar before me. "Let's see," I reply looking at the hand pumps behind the bar, "actually they've got a couple of decent beers here :-), although it's a pity the Fuller's is off :-(." "Actually I don't normally drink that kind of beer," says Close Encounters, "I'll be having a pint of Stella!" I spot an empty table in the middle of the pub so I go and grab it before anyone else has the same idea. Close Encounters arrives shortly afterwards carrying the beers, and we're soon chatting about my recent trip to New York. "It was a good trip," I tell him, "but I really don't know where things are headed between me and boyfriend P now that I seem to be 'boyfriend number 2'!" "Well, if I remember correctly," replies Close Encounters, "you used to encourage him to try and find a permanent boyfriend, didn't you?" "Ummm, yes that's true, actually I'd forgotten that! But that was when I wasn't available as a full-time boyfriend, and I am now." "Hmmm, not quite available yet I think," says Close Encounters correcting me, "because boyfriend S hasn't quite moved into his new house yet, has he? Anyway, why are you so sure that you're not the 'boyfriend number 1'?" "It's lots of little things added together," I say forlornly. "The whole way he reacts to the other guy gives me a strong impression that I'm the 2nd choice. For example, in an unguarded moment he let slip that when the other guy was away travelling recently, he'd sent him a txt msg to say how much he missed him. But he's never sends me emails or txt msgs to say that he misses me :-(." "But you email him every day don't you?" "Most days I guess, and I try to phone him at least once a week." "Well if you're always in touch with him I guess he doesn't get a chance to miss you does he? Anyway, perhaps you seem a bit too needy which is always a turn off!" "Well how about this, on our last night in New York together, he left me to my own devices because the other guy was in New York too and he wanted to have supper with him instead of me." "Hmmm, on your last night that's not a good sign," admits Close Encounters, "although I guess he'd seen a lot of you in the previous couple of weeks." "He's also put pics on his facebook profile which make the two of them look like a couple, and the other guy's even met some of his family now. I've met a few of his friends but not as many as the other guy, and none of his family :-(." "Well that's not surprising because you don't live in the same city as boyfriend P do you, and presumably the other guy does?" "On that subject," I reply, "if we ever do live in the same city, he suggested recently that we should 'date' for a while rather than living together." "Really? What does he think that the two of you have been doing over the past few years if not dating??" "I told him I didn't have any interest in dating. After all the time we've spent in each other's company, if he doesn't know now that I'd make a good boyfriend then I don't think he'll ever know :-(. I think he ended up accepting that 'dating' wouldn't be necessary." "His affections sometimes seem very fickle too," I continue, "because after a couple of weeks in my company we'll be making plans about our future, but as soon as I'm not there it all swings off in another direction. I don't mind if he has other boyfriends of course, but he keeps saying that he only wants one boyfriend. If this other guy turns out to be 'Mr Big', that means I get dumped and that would hurt a lot. I get the impression that the only reason that hasn't happened yet is because the other guy doesn't want a relationship just yet. I really do love him mate, but sometimes it feels like we've been all the way through a deep relationship from start to finish without even ever having lived in the same country! I also don't want to end up being boyfriend P's boyfriend and feel that he's settled for 2nd best for the rest of my life! Perhaps I just need the courage to move on?" "What about boyfriend R, do you ever see him these days?" "No, and I've got no inclination to either. Although he's a lovely sweet guy, he's just too screwed up! "Well GB, I did used to enjoy the posts about your encounters! If you do broaden your horizons again, I hope that we'll all be able to read about it :-)." Labels: Boyfriends Flirting in the office I regularly get emails from various readers of this blog. Recently, a long time reader called E who works for a big international accountancy firm sent me an email complaining that his ability to flirt with the other guys in the office is severely hampered by the fact that everyone knows that he's got a boyfriend. If the email correspondence had turned into a face to face conversation, it would have continued something like: "I'm not sure that flirting with colleagues is a good idea anyway," I reply with a cautionary tone in my voice, "I've said before that I think it's a bad idea to have sex with your colleagues, and flirting is definitely taking a small step down that path!" "But I don't want anything to actually happen GB, because I honestly am very happy living with my boyfriend," says E, trying to convince himself of the truth of his last statement, "but some of my colleagues are hot and it would be nice to flirt a bit with some of them occasionally :-)". "What about colleagues who work in other offices, they won't know that you've already got a boyfriend will they? Not unless you're universally known as THE company gay guy!" "Yes but when I get chatting to colleagues who don't know about my boyfriend they always end up asking me if I'm married. When I say I've got a partner they invariably lose interest in the conversation!" "Indeed GB," continues E, "there was a colleague from another office that I got chatting to recently, and you could literally see and feel the difference the moment that I mentioned that I've got a partner." "So presumably he was gay too?" I ask. "I feel sure he is, but even if I'm correct, it would've been misleading for me to say anything more than the norm as I don't want to go in that direction. That said, honestly, it can be really difficult to be so disciplined! The guy is cute!" It's clear to me that there's a huge internal conflict raging inside this reader, between the monogamous commitment that he's presumably made to his boyfriend, and his natural desire for a bit of extra fun. Now that I've thought about this a bit, I think the key to being honest and simultaneously keeping the possibilities open is to handle the moment that one mentions one's partner in the appropriate way. So just for E, if he wants to ignore my advice and flirt in the office, I think it should go something like this: The cute graduate trainee was visiting London office from the firm's Madrid branch. Towards the end of a long afternoon, he bumped into E at the water cooler and the two of them got chatting: "This is my first visit to London," said the trainee smiling at E, "is there anything in particular you think it's worth me trying to see?" "Do you really think you'll have the energy to go site seeing after working in here all day?" jokes E grinning back at him, "Actually a young guy like you will probably find the energy somewhere I guess :-). Where are you staying anyway?" The two of them continue chatting for another minute or two, and they keep catching each other's eye in a knowing kind of way. "So are you married or anything?" asks the trainee eventually. It's clear what answer he's hoping for. "Not necessarily ..." replies E, catching the trainee's eye again with a particularly mischievous smile, "shall we grab a beer or something after work together?" Do any other readers have any alternative suggestions? Labels: Gay Life Email from a gay American navy veteran Last week, the following email arrived in my inbox: I'm sending you this email to ask for some advice. My name is Robaire Watson and I've been living in the San Francisco Bay Area for 19 years. I spent 6 years in the Navy as an openly gay military man from 1989 to 1995. Now, I've spent the last year sending out over a 1000 emails and mailing at least 200 letters, asking gay & straight organizations, magazines and media about allowing me to tell my story. When it comes to "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" I want to be the first black man to have his story told by the media. (Boy! Do I have a story to tell.) I'm starting to feel like, since I don't look like Jake Gyllenhaal and I'm not under 30 years old or have the body of Colton Ford, they're not interested! We in the gay community have our own racial and discrimination issues. We need to be honest with ourselves and admit this is true. I'm like Rosa Parks and I refuse to sit at the back or to be thrown under the bus. Can you advise me on how a black gay military veteran can have his story told? You can read a bit of my story by following this link? The interesting thing about Robaire is that he seems to have been an out gay guy in the navy both before and after the infamous "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy was introduced, so I replied to him with a couple of ideas. One thought was to contact a media organisation that I know that focuses on gay politics, and the other idea was for him to simply start a blog and gradually post his story from one day to the next. Do any readers have any other ideas for him? I recall that in the UK, it was during the 1990's that the ban on gay people serving in the armed forces was lifted. With so many other countries allowing it these days, the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy does make the USA look very old fashioned. I think one of the reasons by a ban on gay people serving in the armed forces is bad is because armed forces recruit lots of guys as soon as they leave school, so it's quite likely that some guys won't have worked out that they're gay when they sign up. I imagine that the trauma of gradually realising that one is gay while in a hostile environment could be quite devastating. If it wasn't for that, I'd think that it's madness for anyone to want the right join the armed forces and hence the right to die for one's country, because that's what being in the armed forces can ultimately mean. If all the gay guys in the American military were to 'tell' and get themselves discharged, I wonder how long it would be before the policy was changed? Just like a parent dealing with a naughty child, sometimes the best way to get what you want can be to seem to seek the opposite! The new gym sauna In spite of the extreme heat in the sauna in the men's changing room at my new gym, I have now observed some activities :-). But I'm convinced that the gym management are deliberately keeping the sauna temperature high as a deterrent :-(. As sort of proof of this, I recently discovered that there's another sauna next to the swimming pool which is used by both men and women, and that the temperature in that sauna is much more comfortable! Anyway, I spotted a guy that I recognised from my previous gym, seated outside the sauna last week and looking a bit hot. Although this guy never featured in any of my previous gym posts, I recognised him as a guy who had sometimes participated in sauna fun. No doubt he was feeling a bit horny, but was feeling too hot having been waiting for a willing participant inside the sauna. I catch the guy's eye and it's clear that he probably remembers me too. I decide to go into the sauna and see whether he follows me in. Of course he does! And as he's pulling the door closed behind him, another guy grabs the door from the outside and follows him in too. The two other guys quickly arrange themselves so that their towels are barely covering their essentials, while I sit down on my towel, naked as usual in these circumstances. Having settled down, I find myself watching the other two guys, and I note that they're both watching me as well as each other. In spite of the heat, I gradually find myself becoming a bit excited, and can't help noticing that the other guys are having a similar reaction. Before too long, the guy seated closest to me who I'd recognised from my previous gym bends forward and lifts his towel to wipe his forehead, revealing a huge erection underneath. Catching his eye, I smile a big smile at him, and we both look over at the third guy who moves his towel to reveal his own contribution before smiling back. After about another minute, we all move a bit closer to each other, with the guy that I'd recognised in the middle. Then suddenly, before he can refuse, the third guy leans over and takes the middle guy's cock in his mouth! No time to waste I guess, in case someone comes in and interrupts us. The middle guy leans back smiling, and stretches out his arms on either side resting them on our backs, before moving his hand up the third guy's back so that he can push the guy's head down onto himself a bit more. Not that the extra encouragement is required! "Are you gonna cum for me mate?" asks the third guy quietly, taking a breather before eagerly resuming his activities. The middle guy just nods his head but suddenly he's pushing us both away. Surprised at first, all too soon I realise that there's another guy entering the sauna, so I hastily cover myself up and try to look as though butter wouldn't melt in my mouth which it obviously would given how hot the sauna is. The new guy doesn't take any notice and sits down on the opposite side from the three of us. After what feels like ages with nothing happening, which in reality is probably less than a minute, the third guy gets up and leaves. There's an unwritten rule that one doesn't talk in cruising situations like this, because somehow talking destroys the atmosphere and prevents activities from starting. However, with the new guy clearly not interested in activities, I figure that there's not much to lose. "I think I recognise you from another gym mate, have you been a member here very long?" The guy that I'm talking to is looking the other way and it takes him several seconds to realise that I'm trying to talk to him. "Errrr, what, um, yes I think I recognise you too :-)," he replies looking extremely surprised that I'm talking to him, "but I think this gym's much better, don't you?" We have a short amicable conversation about the relative merits of the two gyms. Before too long though, with the new guy looking extremely unlikely to leave, we both make our way to the showers. A very very long time ago, in the dim mists of time when I'd only been blogging for a couple of weeks, I did a posting titled How gay men cruise gym saunas and steam rooms. It still attracts readers who no doubt somehow find it via search engines, and recently a guy left a comment there asking me a question: I have a strange request... Would you be able to write a guide on post-sauna activity etiquette? That's the one thing I'm struggling with... The people I've met in the sauna haven't usually been regulars at the gym, but what if they are? What if you see them working out, or in the changing room? Do you say hello? Are you friendly? Do you ignore them? Any advice appreciated GB! It is indeed very rare to talk to another guy who one only knows as a result of sauna activities, which is why the guy didn't think that I'd be talking to him last week. In most situations, such as when one sees another sauna participant working out or in the men's changing room, one doesn’t talk to them. However when I've seen guys that I recognise from sauna activities I find myself smiling knowingly at them, and they usually smile back knowingly too :-). I think it would be extremely rude to completely ignore them. In any case, the advantage of discretely acknowledging them is that it does make it easier to start activities with them the next time you're both in the sauna together! Posted by GB at 13:09 12 comments Labels: Gym Email from a guy who used to be in a difficult relationship Last week, I got an email from the guy who emailed me last year about his difficult relationship. The email was as follows: Not sure whether you remember me but we corresponded a while ago. It must be about a year ago. I was the one with the boyfriend trouble with the nice apartment where he stayed over and people was thinking that he was using me. :) Anyway he has moved out and we have a good understanding and I told him that we should be good friends etc.... He's moved out and all is well. We still see each other most weekend. I think it is nice to have some companionship in London. :) Ok just to cut to the chase. I just had the guts to register on gaydar and have included pictures of my fit body. :) Have got a lot of response but as soon as they know my origin (Chinese) most of them just don't be bother anymore which sucks. A lot of guys have mention that I am sexy and look more mix than Chinese. Most of the guys that are interested are all older and I am not interested. :( Anyway I just pick up this guy from gaydar today and we had sex. He was huge and I did not think I could accommodate. :) He was nice and gentle and so the experience was pleasant. The only think is that I am feeling weird about the whole situation. Maybe it is because this is my first experience on gaydar and trying out for a quick shag but I feel slightly sick about myself. Don't get me wrong, I wanted to experience but this may not be my type of thing. I think gaydar is all about a quick shag. Do you know of any other website where gay guys in Finance/banking who earn a decent salary meet? Would you recommend match.com? Am actually looking more for a relationship and meeting nice guys. It was good to hear that he'd solved his previous problem, and that he's now got the confidence to negotiate encounters with guys from gaydar :-). But judging from his email, he's the type of guy who prefers relationships to quick shags, and I think he's right that most of the guys who use gaydar are just after quick shags! Now that he's branching out to meet other guys, he's discovering that a lot of younger British gay guys are much more inclined towards other British guys when it comes to choosing sexual partners, and often avoid guys who're ethnically Asian. Long time readers may recall that a student in Scotland emailed me about this problem last year. It's an unfortunate fact of gay culture in Britain and there's no easy solution. For what it's worth, my own view is that guys are being narrow-minded if they just focus on their own ethnic group when looking for boyfriends and sexual partners. Part of the problem is that there's a lot to handle when one comes out as gay, so looking for guys from a similar background is easier because it's more comfortable. However, once a guy is comfortable with being gay, I think dating guys from other backgrounds and cultures is a good idea. I think gay relationships work best when there's some kind of complementarity between the two guys, and there's bound to be a lot of complementarity between them if they're from different ethnic backgrounds. So if the guy who sent me the email last week earns a decent salary in finance/banking, it might be better if he could find a struggling artist to be his boyfriend for example, rather than another guy with a decent salary in finance/banking! None of my friends or readers of this blog have ever said anything to me about match.com, so on that basis I doubt that it's much good for gay dating. However, I've heard good things about outeverywhere.com, both from friends and blog readers. As a result, I recommended it last year when I got an email from a guy who's new to London. In terms of finding a boyfriend, it's probably a much better place to start than gaydar! Do any other readers have any other thoughts for this guy? Circuit parties in Provincetown "Hey GB," says boyfriend P a few days before our recent holiday, "shall I get us tickets for the circuit parties that'll be taking place while we're going to be in Provincetown?" "I've never been to a circuit party," I reply, sounding vaguely interested in the proposal, "so I guess it would be fun to see what they're like :-)." "Take a look at davidflower.com," answers boyfriend P, "looks like there are three parties. I'll get us tickets for all three because we get a discount for booking them all in advance." I'd always thought that circuit parties were huge events lasting all night, but the parties that boyfriend P was calling circuit parties were only due to last between 4 and 6 hours. On offer were a sunset cruise from 5pm to 9pm on Wednesday 2nd July, a night cruise from 9pm to 3am on Thursday 3rd July, and a party on one of the piers in Provincetown from 3pm to 9pm on Friday 4th July. "Yeah why not," I agree, after reviewing the web site, "we may as well go for the full monty! Have you been to events like this before?" "Actually no, but I imagine the usual dance club crowd will all be there, dancing topless as usual :-)" The day of the first party arrives and four of us make our way down to the pier to board the boat for the sunset cruise. Apart from myself and boyfriend P, we bought a ticket for our distraught female friend N to try and take her mind off her marriage problems. Another gay male friend is with us too. "Do you think I could find a gay guy to make out with?" asks N looking around mildly lecherously at all the buff muscular gay guys, "It wouldn't count if I make out with a gay guy, would it?! I miss my husband so much :-(" "Maybe," I say laughing, "and there'll probably be a few guys here who've got bisexual tendencies deep down so who knows what could happen!" We all troop down to the bar on the lower deck and get ourselves a drink to help us into the party mood. "Actually," says boyfriend P looking around, "it's an older crowd than I was expecting. The average age here is probably around 40." Looking around, I find myself agreeing. But whatever their age, almost all the guys are well built, so most of them would have too many muscles for Janet! Back on the top deck which is the main dancing area, almost all the guys are dancing topless so I decide to join in. Taking my t-shirt off, I tuck it into the rear of my shorts in the usual way. Although I'm a long way from having the best body in the crowd, I'm a long way from the worst too so it feels quite comfortable. Looking around I spot N dancing with a few of the guys nearby, who seem to be enjoying the novelty of having a pretty girl to dance with. "N seems to be getting a lot of attention," I say to boyfriend P while he's looking in N's direction. "Well she's a very beautiful woman," he replies, "so it's not surprising, even here!" A little later, N comes running up to us, "That guy there who I've been dancing with says that 'I confuse him'", she laughs almost uncontrollably, before heading back to dance a bit more with her new friends. The party continues while the boat sails slowly around Cape Cod bay and the sun gradually heads towards sunset. It's a very pretty setting. With an occasional drink from the bar, the time goes quite quickly, and a few hours later we're back on dry land. "So did you make out with that guy, or anyone else for that matter?" I ask N as we walk back to our house. "No GB," she says sounding slightly depressed, "I don't know if he would have wanted to but in any case it wouldn't have felt right, after all he's not my husband :-(." The following night, we end up skipping the Night Boat party. The idea of another party on presumably the same boat, which means that one's got nowhere else to go if one gets bored, doesn't seem like a good idea. We do attend the Pier Party, although it's a bit of a disappointment. It's nothing like the huge well-attended event that I'd been hoping for. Furthermore, the drinks choice at the bar is extremely limited, there are huge queues for the toilets in spite of the fact that there are probably only a few hundred guys there, so paying $60 in advance per ticket seems like bad value for money even to me. However the sunset cruise was certainly good fun, and if I'm ever back in Provincetown during the 4th July party week I'd be quite happy to do that one again. Provincetown itself was a great place to spend a few days too. So if there are any gay guys who're reading this and haven't visited Provincetown, I'd say it's definitely worth a visit at some point :-). Provincetown, Massachusetts Last year, after a short business trip to New York, myself, boyfriend P and some of his friends had a long weekend together in a house on Fire Island. We all got on well with each other on that occasion so this year we decided to get together again, although staying in a different location. So at the end of last month, after a long week filled with business meetings in New York, I hired a car and we all drove out to Provincetown in Cape Cod where we'd rented a house for the week. Like Fire Island, Provincetown is another magnet for gay men, especially during the week which includes the 4th July American independence day celebrations. There's a huge number of gay venues, including places like the Boatslip which has a tea dance every day from 4pm-7pm during the summer season. The only problem with Provincetown is getting there. It's at the furthest point along Cape Cod, so it's around a six hour drive from New York! So this is just a short post to say that GB's been on holiday :-). But I'm back now, so I'll try and write a bit more about Provincetown later in the week. Labels: Boyfriends, Holidays Our distraught Mexican friend One of the nice things about my recent business trip to New York was that boyfriend P introduced me to some of his friends who live there, and whom I hadn't met before. In particular, he introduced me to a young Mexican friend of his called N, who had recently discovered that her husband wants a divorce. We met up with her early one evening in a quiet bar in downtown Manhattan, and immediately she starts talking about her problems. "We're both in our mid 20's GB," N explains to me. "We fell in love quickly so it was only a year after we first met that we got married. That was two years ago now. When he told me recently that he wanted a divorce it was like such a COMPLETE shock because everything had been perfect. I really LOVE him so much GB and I've got no idea what to do about it. I want him back so BADLY, I miss his touch, his smell, his body ..." Looking at this beautiful eloquent young woman, I find it hard to believe that any sane straight guy would ever contemplate leaving her. "I've totally been the perfect wife to him GB, I really have, and he used to say so too, like he used tell me that he'd never NEVER leave me. What on earth went wrong GB? Yesterday I was looking at all the nice things that he'd written to me in the past, and now he's saying the exact opposite. I just don't understand." As I listen to the poor woman, I slowly realise that I've never met anyone who's been jilted so badly. Her extreme anguish is clearly completely genuine. "So did he just suddenly ask for a divorce out of the blue?" I ask, feeling slightly confused. "Everything had been completely perfect, it really had, but we started arguing a bit about 6 weeks ago." "Yes," confirms boyfriend P, "we all thought that they were the perfect couple, so this has been a big shock for all of us." "He suddenly started saying how he needed his own space. But originally he always wanted us to totally do everything together. When we first started arguing I suggested counselling but he rejected the idea, although now that he's decided that he wants a divorce he has agreed to go to counselling sessions with me." "Have you got any advice for N?" asks boyfriend P, no doubt thinking that I've got a small amount of experience with relationship issues through my Dear GB postings. "I'm not sure," I answer slowly, shaking my head, "but I'll give it some thought. I'm trying to imagine what's going through his mind that would make him act this way. Do you think there's another woman?" "I did ask, and he says no," replies N assertively, "and in fact I do believe him. I'm sure he'd have said if there was, and anyway I'd just know." A couple of days later we meet up with N again and we naturally continue talking about her relationship crisis. Having thought about her situation now, I've got a couple of questions for her. "The two of you did get married quite young," I say, "so I've been wondering whether he's got any young free and single male friends that he might be jealous of? Perhaps he feels that he's missing out on his youth?" "He doesn't have any friends like that," replies N, "but there are some 'friends' of his who are haters :-(. I know that they've been reinforcing any negative thoughts that he's been having about his marriage, because like one of the first things that he told me was that he'd been discussing everything with them. None of them are married, and they don't have any meaningful lives themselves so they've been jealous of us. This is their chance to wreck our marriage. Oh GB, it's so TOTALLY UNFAIR!" None of her agony seems to have dissipated since we last saw her. "Well, N," I say thoughtfully, "I think the only thing you can do is to listen to what he's been saying and give him his own space for a while. How often do you talk to him at the moment?" "I still phone him, and although I try to talk to him in a matter-of fact way, I usually end up telling him how much I LOVE him, and that I TOTALLY miss him, I just can't help it." "Hmmm, I don't think that's good at all. Given that he's told you that he needs his own space at the moment, every time you say those things I think you're driving him further and further away from you. He's feeling suffocated by your love for him. Do you think you could avoid having any contact at all with him for a few weeks?" N thinks about this and nods her head. "Unless he changes his mind," she says slowly, "I guess I've got to get used to not having him in my life anyway :-(. I do see what you mean GB." "Good. It may well turn out that even with some space he'll still end up wanting a divorce, but from what I've heard I reckon that your marriage is certainly doomed if you don't leave him alone for a while. You need to give him time to realise what he'll be throwing away, without any pressure from your side." I don't know if she'll actually be able to manage to avoid contact with him though. They've had a couple of counselling sessions together, so I've told her that she should postpone the remaining ones, but I'm not sure whether she's going to do that. In her distraught state, although she's able to reason logically that she shouldn't tell him how much she loves him at the moment, and that it's a good idea to avoid all contact, in practice she always seems to fall back on her emotions when faced with any real situation which involves her husband. Do any readers have any other ideas on her situation? And if the worst comes to the worst and she ends up getting divorced, does anyone have any thoughts on the best way for her to put her life back together again? Email from a guy who used to be in a difficult rel...	cc/2019-30/en_head_0032.json.gz/line2486

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