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__label__cc	0.633796	0.366204	Home / Music / Artists / Stephen Collins / Stephen Collins & The 7th Band The Hits of Rick Nelson Stephen Collins & The 7th Band The Hits of Rick Nelson https://www.goldlabelartists.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/21632-Stephen-Collins-The-Hits-of-Rick-Nelson.mp3A follow-up album from the star of WB's hit show 7th Heaven presents a LIVE tribute album to Rick Nelson, inspired by a special episode of the TV show. Released Aug. 13, 2005 Stephen Collins & The 7th Band The Hits of Rick Nelson quantity SKU: 21632 Categories: Pop/Rock, Rock 'n Roll, Stephen Collins Tags: 2005, CD It’s Late I’ve Got A Woman You Tear Me Up Lonesome Town Believe What You Say Boppin’ the Blues Young Emotions It’s Up to You Hello, Mary Lou Produced by: Michael Jochum Be the first to review “Stephen Collins & The 7th Band The Hits of Rick Nelson” Cancel reply ’50s Teen Idol NEWJackSwing He’ll Never Walk Alone (Original Songs for Law Enforcement) NeoTekWerk (CD)	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9209
__label__wiki	0.514279	0.514279	Musicians of the year ... 2009 Thursday, December 31, 2009 Musicians Of The Year 2009 6 comments Good music is a strange thing. It sticks to your bones at first listening, makes your blood rush faster through your veins, give you goosebumps and like an addict, you want to listen to it, time and time again. And it is all very subjective. What I like, will not necessarily be your thing, and vice versa. And that is good. Luckily. Next to my list of best albums of the year, I also decided to dedicate some time to a new feature : "The Musicians Of The Year", another topic we can question and argue about. With two five-star albums (and one which I liked less), he is in the top of my rankings. Some call him a Miles Davis epigone. He is not. He is influenced by Miles, like possibly most modern trumpeters, and he even released a series of tribute albums to Miles, but he is a great musician in his own right, with a stellar technique, a musical vision that goes far beyond what Miles ever conceived, and with a spiritual dimension that was altogether lacking in Miles Davis' music. Furthermore, he is uncompromising. He plays what he likes and he plays what he thinks he should be playing. He is a muscian true to himself. Listen to his duet with Jack DeJohnette, it is one of the best albums of the year, but so is his Spiritual Dimensions double CD, a release that also shows the different faces of the artist. Great. After some decades of playing her sax, Danish saxophoinst Lotte Anker releases two albums with Craig Taborn and Gerald Cleaver that are absolutely stunning: "Live At The Loft" and "Floating Islands". True, she plays with two master musicians, but it is primarily her voice on the sax, her phrasing that determine the music. What she does is utterly creative, appealing to both heart and mind at the same time, without alienating listeners. With her trio, she redefines jazz, if you can still call it that. Next to that, she also participates in this other genre-bending band, "Mokuto", that released a great album this year too, without forgetting last year's "Alien Huddle". Mats Gustafsson It's hard to keep count of the numbers of bands and albums the Swedish saxophonist plays with/on, but he's getting better and better still, and creating great music in many directions. A restless soul, never satisfied with his achievements, he keeps looking for new things, .... and he finds them. This year, he releases two albums with get a five-star rating, one solo album, one duet with Barry Guy. On both albums, the saxophonist demonstrates that his instrument has become part of his body. Any emotion you have (he has) gets amplified, reinforced through his instrument: directly, immediately and raw, whether it's agony, distress, sadness, and everything in between. Next to an uncompromising Lithuanian quartet release, he also presented his new band "Fire!" he brings jazz into rock music, and again with great success. And on Qbico, he releases "Mats G. Plays Albert A.", a 20-minute reverent vinyl tribute to Ayler pressed in 100 copies only (thanks Tony!), from which the above picture is taken. His implicit message to young musicians is clear : it may take a long time of searching, but finding new musical vistas is possible, and artistically so rewarding. Joelle Léandre The great lady of the bass released many albums this year (six if I'm not mistaken). As I wrote earlier, she is a musical nomad, playing with like-minded adventurous spirits, whether it's with the experienced William Parker, or young Quentin Sirjacq, opening her ears and mind for the interaction, and going deep into musical and emotional layers, going to the essence, which makes every performance unique in approach yet musically also universal at the same time. Other noteworthy stuff about musicians: David S Ware received a new kidney and is doing well. Andrew D'Angelo is also healthy again Larry Ochs got raided by the jazz police. Wynton Marsalis may be a great trumpeter, but you can question whether he knows anything about music. Free Jazz Top 10 - 2009 Wednesday, December 30, 2009 Free Jazz Top 10 2009, Top 10 Lists 8 comments Not that I'm such a fan of lists or rankings, but it's always a good occasion to look back and see what the year has brought us. I reviewed a little less than 300 albums this year, and listened to a lot more, although sometimes just barely, I must admit. First the worrying news : the divide that is growing between the CD output by European labels as compared to US labels, not only the number of labels, but also the number of albums by label. With the exception of a few (AUM Fidelity, Porter, Delmark, ESP, ... ) the most relevant US labels are the initiative of the musicians themselves (Tzadik, Atavistic, Skirl, Screwgun, Firehouse 12, ...). (or are my worries ungrounded and is this all an illusion, created by lack of proximity?) Since quite a lot of the music comes from American musicians, they have to resort more and more to European labels to get their voice heard. In Europe, and this despite the economic crisis, the output is quite good. Think of labels like Clean Feed, Leo Records, Not Two, NoBusiness, HatHut, Futura Marge, RogueArt, Jazzwerkstatt, Intakt, Creative Sources, Amirani, Kadima, MultiKulti, Fennomedia, FMR, Matchless, ECM, ILK, Ayler, ... and I'm of course missing some, so apologies for that. I have no explanation for this transatlantic difference, but the good news is that good music is still being released, regardless of the geographic location of the labels. I hope they all get the revenue they deserve. Without the financial risks of these labels and without the passion of the people who run the labels, much of the great music that we enjoyed this year would have remained unheard. And that's the good news. What a lot of new things we got this year, and what quality. First, there is a tendency away from volume, moving into free minimalism or free lyricism, with musicians like the WHO trio, Lotte Anker, Samuel Blaser, Christian Lillinger, Torben Snekkestad, Katherine Young, ... who demonstrate that musical intensity and power can as equally be generated by subtlety and nuance. Second, there are the acoustic sound sculpturers, who completely do away with melody and rhythm, and create the most unheard kind of aural vistas, sometimes hard to get into, sometimes with stunning results. Examples are Dans Les Arbres, Mokuto, Paura, Bill Dixon, Graveyards, Carl Ludwig Hübsch, Buffalo Collision, Cardinal, Ear&Now, Carl Maguire, ... Third, there is the real free jazz, solidly rooted in jazz and blues, yet so perplexingly alive. This is where the icons shine : David S. Ware, Trio X, Joe McPhee, The Nu Band, Dennis González, Fred Anderson, Fonda/Stevens Group, ... Fourth, there is the younger generation, bringing this free jazz a step further, closer to free improv, such as Nuts, Trespass Trio, Abdelhai Bennani, Rodrigo Amado, Demian Richardson, Transit, Aida Severo, setting a totally new context based with often stunning results. Jazz is alive and kickin'. Fifth, rock music also remains an influence, with bands such as Fire!, The Godforgottens, Tyft, Luis Lopes, Quartet Offensive, AlasNoAxis. Eeach with their own style and approach, yet creating new musical possibilities. So, lots of good music, in a blurring of genres, and one wonders what the label of "jazz" still means, but we're not going to open that debate here. Here are my favorites of the year, in random order : Lotte Anker, Craig Taborn, Gerald Cleaver - Floating Islands Wadada Leo Smith & Jack DeJohnette - America David S. Ware Quartet - Live In Vilnius WHO Trio - Less Is More Barry Guy & Mats Gustafsson - Sinners, Rather Than Saints Joëlle Léandre & Jean-Luc Cappozzo - Live Aux Instants Chavires Tresspass Trio - Was There To Illuminate The Night Sky Paura - The Construction Of Fear Transit - Quadrologues Collective 4tet - Transition This makes a quite balanced list of wonderful music. This will for sure not be to everyone's taste but I hope to have given a list that is a little beyond the beaten track, yet full of musical quality. With music from all kinds of places, in all sorts of line-ups, in different subgenres and styles. I want to thank all the musicians and labels for the great music they released this year. Great moments of joy, sadness, anger and aesthetic beauty, and also - luckily - many moments of surprises, of new sounds, new sound combinations, full of creativity, expressivity and vision. And then there is this blog. On January 11 of 2009, we celebrated the 200,000th visitor. Today, we have exceeded the 420,000 visitors. Thank you all for your ongoing interest. Happy New Year to you all, music lovers! Bradford, Gjerstad, Håker Flaten, Nilssen-Love - Reknes (Circulasione Totale, 2009) ** Wednesday, December 30, 2009 No comments Bobby Bradford on cornet, Frode Gjerstad on sax, Ingebrigt Håker Flaten on bass, Paal Nilssen-Love on drums, These four men have played together in various formats and constellations: Gjerstad and Bradford have three quartet albums, and they play together in the Circulasione Totale Orchestra. Here they are captured live at the Molde Festival in Norway for four improvisations of between ten to seventeen minutes, offering the musicians enough time to do their thing. It starts quite rhythmic, with Bradford leading the tune in his own melodious way, then Gjerstad comes in on clarinet, all high and screeching, forcing Bradford into more adventurous regions, yet he sticks to more free-boppish themes, and when Gjerstad picks up his sax for a slower moment, the complementarity between the two musicians becomes even clearer, yet it adds to the overall texture : the raw, maverick tones of Gjerstad versus the bluesy velvety sound of Bradford. One tune? Sure enough! Both horn-players can imbue their solos with the same emotional content. But the nice thing is that all four musicians give each other lots of space, listening well, and playing in function of the music, and well, also in function of Bobby Bradford, who clearly occupies the spotlight on all four tracks, with Gjerstad taking a step back more often than not. The third track has Bradford taking the most bluesy solo cornet intro I've heard in years, for what remains the most down-tempo piece of the album. And Gjerstad takes the lead in the last piece, opening together with Håker Flaten, again full of emotional tension and sensitivity. Four great musicians. Not earth-shattering or ground-breaking, but free jazz in the best tradition. And the audience is enthusiastic too. Donat Fisch & Christian Wolfarth - Circle & Line 2 (Leo Records, 2009) ½ Monday, December 28, 2009 Sax-drums duo 2 comments Some ten years after their first "Circle & Line", Swiss saxophonist Donat Fisch and drummer Christian Wolfarth bring this wonderful "Circle & Line 2", an album, which in short, is an ode to music, and to life. In the best tradition of Dewey Redman and Ed Blackwell, and in nature maybe even closer to Don Cherry with Ed Blackwell, with great polyrhythmic African drumming supporting a freely singing and swinging sax. The reduced line-up brings the music back to its essence : rhythm and melody. The two musicians are modern enough to add all the necessary creative angles to keep the attention going, including some timbral explorations and extended techniques, as on "Merlodie", but not many. The focus is on the tune and the interaction. And that's a joy from beginning to end. Wolfarth's drumming is nothing short of spectacular in its condensed power, and Fisch's lyricism on both alto and tenor is excellent. It's not all polyrhythmics though, some pieces, like "Staika" have a more subdued sense, and "Elva" the long last piece, is a truly beautiful and slow spiritual song. The session is very accessible, it does not require real open ears to appreciate it, and that's for once part of the fun. This is, as said, non-stop musical joy. The music and the musicians are a lot better than their first release. Don't miss it. Lorenzo Sanguedolce & Michael Bisio - Live At The Yippie (NoBusiness, 2009) * Saturday, December 26, 2009 Sax-bass Duo 2 comments Live At The Yippie is part of a performance by tenor saxophonist Lorenzo Sanguedolce and bassist Michael Bisio, with two tracks clocking right under 20 minutes each, the regular time constraint of a vinyl LP. Sanguedolce is possibly best known, if at all, from his Sweetblood Quintet, a name which is the English translation of his Italian family name. The first piece, "'Stract (part 1), brings a lyrical, free boppish improvisation with bluesy inclinations, quite accessible overall, all within the same idiom and style without too many digressions. The second part, "'Stract (part 2)", is more varied, a little more daring, with more space for Bisio to solo. Technically this is all very good, also the interplay between sax and bass. Musically, Sanguedolce is still looking for his unique position, that piece of creative fingerprint that will set him apart from many other saxophonists, and that will give us, listeners, new experiences. As of now, we can only congratulate NoBusiness for giving a chance to produce an album to this promising new voice. It is also available as a digital download from CDBaby. Carla Bley - Carla's Christmas Carols (WATT, 2009) Thursday, December 24, 2009 Mainstream No comments All right, a little sentimentality and seasonal atmosphere are allowed. Carla Blay, the great lady of modern jazz, has just released this album with Steve Swallow on 5-string electric bass, and the Partyka Brass Quintet, that consists of Ed Partyka on bass trombone and tabla, Tobias Weidlinger on trumpet, flugelhorn, and glockenspiel, Axel Schlösser on trumpet, flugelhorn, and chimes, Christine Chapman on horn, and Adrian Mears on trombone. This is as far removed from The Escalator Over The Hill, as you can imagine, but it is fun. The arrangements are excellent, the redefinition of these songs to a jazz environment work well (or blues, just listen to "It Came Upon A Midnight Clear"), with the necessary dose of fun thrown in the mix ("Jinge Bells" is just fabulous), but without ever becoming irreverent. It is an exercise in style, but a great one. The Partyka Quintet is an excellent ensemble, and hearing Steve Swallow's fabulous bass-playing is always a treat. It is a little bit of a tear-jerker, but as said, why not? This is so much more listenable than all the other Christmas music that is being released. And if it is a little commercial, well, then I hope it sells. Listen and download from iTunes. Wednesday, December 23, 2009 Piano Trio 3 comments Maybe because of christmas coming, we are getting a little weak in the heart, sentimental and soft, and so are some of the new releases to be presented, going back to their roots rather than moving forward, but luckily not all. Chad Taylor - Circle Down (482 Music, 2009) * I am a great fan of drummer Chad Taylor, whether he plays with Fred Anderson, with Digital Primitives or the Chicago Underground Trio. I loved what Angelica Sanchez did with the Sanchez/Malaby/Rainey band, or on her own albums, especially her latest. Chris Lightcap figures on so many albums I like that I can't list them here. And hence I bought this album, full of expectations, too high maybe, because the end result is a little disappointing, to me at least. It a nice piano trio album. Not much adventure. Exercises in various rhythms. Great piano playing. Excellent rhythm section. Some post-bop, some Latin even. Nice. Sweet. Vijay Iyer Trio - Historicity (ACT, 2009) ½ Wizz kid Vijay Iyer has released many excellent albums in the past, creating his own thundering rhythmically complex percussive style, either with his own bands or with saxophonist Rudresh Mahanthappa. Here he is accompanied by Stephan Crump on bass and Marcus Gilmore on drums. Like with Chad Taylor's album, is a shift into more mainstream territory, more accessible, yet also less interesting and less intense than some of his previous work, although I'm sure it will get wider acclaim in the jazz press. The title refers to his indebtedness and admiration for other music, as he illustrates here, ranging from Leonard Bernstein over Andrew Hill and Stevie Wonder to hip hop. This gives reverent pieces, more modern rhythms, romantic and dramatic pieces, all played with stunning technical skills by the three musicians. He even cover Hempill's "Dogon A.D.", one of the best compositions ever that has rarely been covered, but Iyer brings the second noteworthy version of this year, with Marty Ehrlich's releasing the other one. Crump and Gilmore are absolutely excellent on the piece, with the arco doing a great job of emulating the cello. Despite Iyer's percussive style and versatility, he doesn't manage to capture the heart-rending aspect of the tune. Sure, it is technically all excellent, but it's a different style. Great, but again my expectations were higher. And of course, it's Iyer's rightful choice to seek a wider audience for his music. Post-bop fans will surely like this. Watch Historicity's promo video Plaistow - Jack Bambi (Self Published, 2009) * Some good news is coming from Switzerland though. Plaistow is a young band, with Johann Bourquenez on piano, Raphaël Ortis on bass and Cyril Bondi on drums. Like E.S.T. they integrate elements from rock music in their jazz, which gives the music a very young and modern flavor, and they add a dose of madness and chaos that the late Esbjörn Svensson did not have. These guys go for it. They do what they like. True, some of the shifts are quite sudden, and it does not always sound very coordinated, but these are just minor ailments compared to their drive and innovative power. The record has a DVD with it, on which Michel Wintsch of the WHO Trio joins on piano, together with Cyril Moulas on bass and Nicolas Field on drums. The DVD is a little chaotic, but the CD is absolutely great, and wild, and sensitive. Traditionalists, please abstain.This is post-jazz! You can download the whole thing, lock stock & barrel, for free from their website. Tony Malaby - Voladores (Clean Feed, 2009) * Wednesday, December 23, 2009 *, Modern jazz 1 comment Regular readers of this blog know my appreciation for Tony Malaby, both as a saxophonist and as a composer. His tone is warm, lyrical and sensitive, his compositions and improvisations always welcoming and surprising at the same time, adventurous in his approach of jazz tradition, creating the new angle from within the musical edifice that we know. This quartet further consists of the double drums of Tom Rainey and John Hollenbeck, without a doubt two of the creative rhythmic wizards of these days, and Drew Gress on bass, another one of the finest. Hollenbeck uses everything but the kitchen sink as percussive objects, including marimba, vibraphone, xylophone, glockenspiel, melodica and small kitchen appliances (whatever that may be but surely not the kitchen sink). What a band, and again, what music. It is complex, with rhythm changes, overlapping time signatures, tempo changes, with shifting moods and intensities, often in the same piece, fierce at times, melodious always, deeply felt too. From the wild outbursts on tenor on "Old Smokey", to the finely squeezed out tones on "Dreamy Drunk", Malaby's skills are a real pleasure for the ear. But he doesn't shy away from the more experimental stuff: a piece like "Can't Sleep" gives a strong stressful evocation of its title, "Are You Sure?", brings a hesitating kind of wonder, "YeSssss", brings a wonderful quiet exploration of minimal sound interaction, "What's Up, Smell The Sumatra", is an exercise in distress and tension. Yet the real value comes from the longest pieces, on which all the complexities and the wealth of the music come to full fruition. "Sour Diesel" starts with a great rhythmic bass vamp, over which the soprano and the melodica interlace for a strange melody in counterpoint, but the again, structures changes and the tune evolves in a more expressive improvisation. It is in my opinion not as expressive as the more "free" "Tamarindo", but the wealth of concepts, the skills of all four musicians, the creativity and the expressivity make this an absolutely wonderful album. Don't miss it. Katherine Young - Further Secret Origins (Porter Records, 2009) Monday, December 21, 2009 Avant-Garde, Bassoon No comments A while ago I heard bassoonist Katherine Young's "Things Suspended Converge And Fall", a composition for 19 musicians that she released last year, of which, I must admit, much went straight over my head, and that is available for free download. Now she just released her first solo bassoon album on Porter, and it is one that goes straight to my heart. On the first track, the aptly called "Terra Incognita" (unknown territory), the spacious sound of a fog horn invites you into a sonic world that you haven't heard before, with several overdubs but also with a kind of irregular heartbeat to accompany the playing. On the second track, called "Patricia Highsmith", ambient sounds such as screeching car tyres and police sirens illustrate the suspense of the author's novels. And over these, the howling, wailing, rhythmic pulse of the bassoon weaves great sounds, often exploring timbral possibilities, resulting in the kind of drone effect that saxophonists get with the circular breathing technique. On "Elevation", the subtle multiphonics create a very sensitive, vulnerable, almost yearning tone, over the continuing heartbeat produced by releasing the tongue from the reeds, an interesting technique which she uses almost throughout, including on "For Astronauts, For Travelers", the longest piece which is also the highlight of the album, a slow, calm, restraint but very intense piece, with an incredible sense of pace. She does not feel the need to fill space, it almost comes organically, determined by the sounds and the instrument itself. After the long drones around fixed tonal centers, "Some People Say That She Doesn't Exist" adds some melody to it, overdubbing several recordings, acting as a small ensemble, almost classical in sound. The album closes with the raw deep sounds it started with, on a track called "Orbis Tertius", possibly a reference the "unknown country" or "a to-be-created world" in the story by Jose Luis Borges.The circle is closed. Despite its unfamiliar approach, and relative inaccessibility, it is equally appealing and welcoming, and very hypnotic. Strong solo performance! Marilyn Crispell - Collaborations 2004 and 2007 (Leo, 2009) Sunday, December 20, 2009 No comments An interesting album. Not only because we do not often hear Crispell with horns (sure, with Braxton, or recently with The Stone Quartet), but also because of the breadth of musical styles and backgrounds of the Scandinavian musicians she teams up with. All five pieces were recorded at the Nya Perspektiv Festivals, Sweden, in 2004 and 2007. The first two tracks are a quartet performance, with Crispell on piano, Fredrik Ljungkvist on clarinet and saxophone, Palle Danielsson on bass and Paal Nilssen-Love on drums. The first piece is full of the pianist's know free lyricism, with Ljungkvist on clarinet, going really wild and deep, yet full of contrast between darkness and light. The second piece is more uptempo and angular, with Ljunkvist on tenor, wailing and screeching over the pounding chords of Crispell, not bad but a little less risky, with a long slow solo bass piece for Danielsson in the middle, moving the piece into more romantic post-boppish territory. The quintet session has Lars Goran Ulander on alto saxophone, Magnus Broo on trumpet, Per Zanussi on bass, and again Paal Nilssen-Love on drums. Maybe because of the context or because of the line-up, but the musical approach is quite different, more free, more creative. Crispell's chords are eery, with Broo and Ulander interacting beautifully, full of restraint and deep-felt emotions, and with the trumpetist adding some real fun at the end of the first piece. The next one is all ethereal sound layers, slow, evocative, expansive, with gradually increasing tension. The last piece is all subdued and quiet, impressionistic, sensitive, sad. If there had been more unity in the album, it would have been great. The two sets are too far apart to have a real coherent album. That being said, all the different parts are excellent, yet not really breaking new ground, with lots of references to the seventies. The Light - Afekty (MultiKulti, 2009) ½ Saturday, December 19, 2009 Clarinet Trio 3 comments Almost exactly a year ago, a wrote this enthusiastic review of "The Light", the debut album of the Polish trio consisting ofWacław Zimpel on clarinet, bass clarinet, and tarogato, Wojciech Traczyk on bass, and Robert Rasz on drums. Now, with their sophomore album, they confirm their quality, musical skills and vision. It is even more focused than the first album, and they perform only their own material. The approach is still as gentle, sensitive and free as the previous one, with great explorations of timbre and sound, finding a wonderful balance between rhythmic drive as on the last track "Shangri La", and lyrical and emotional delivery, as on "Rozpacz", on which a plaintive tarogato dialogues with a mourning arco, or intense creativity, as on "Hridaja", or percussive improv as on "Sattwa" on which the bass clarinet is propulsed forward by Rasz's drumming, short, compact and powerful. Despite all the adventure and freedom of spirit, the trio is still fully entrenched in the jazz tradition, a great vantage point from which to explore. And the best thing is that the three musicians share the same vision and hence interact to perfection on this highly varied album. Highly recommended. Empty Cage Quartet - Gravity (Clean Feed, 2009) Thursday, December 17, 2009 Modern jazz No comments The Empty Cage Quartet keeps releasing quality albums year after year. The band consists of Jason Mears on alto and clarinet, Kris Tiner on trumpet, Ivan Johnson on bass and Paul Kikuchi on drums, and has been performing for many years in the same line-up. This is without a doubt their most mature statement to date, with a self-assured delivery that goes beyond the common expectations about jazz. The band's compositions are based on numeric concepts : "Calendric number sequences generate cyclical Tzolkien forms that combine and recombine, seeking an intuitive, organic union of numerological complexity and visceral groove". That's how Kris Tiner describes it in the liner notes, adding "We are not conceptualists". And he is right. What counts is how the music sounds. All the rest are just methods to create new approaches, to open doors as yet unopened, to create new insights, to challenge existing patterns and notions. And that's what this band does, creating layers of music around the core structures, improvising and expanding, delving into the new possibilities that are offered. The overall result is strong. Needs to be heard. Hence here a sound bite from "Gravity 1" : Gravity No. 1: Section 4 by kristiner The downside of it is that it lacks the emotional drive and expressivity of the previous albums, as if the one goes at the expense of the other. Even if the approach is interesting, the intellectualisation of the music creates a little more distance with the listener. In that sense, their previous album "Stratostrophic" was stronger. But again, if you like the band, this is for sure one of their best so far. And don't get me wrong : there is plenty of emtional delivery, yet it's a little less of a strength. Infusing their new concepts with the sustained emotional power of some of their previous albums would work miracles. Trombone, trombone, trombone .... Tuesday, December 15, 2009 Trombone, Trombone trio, Trombone-Percussion duo 1 comment The trombone is a tough instrument to put in a leading role, and the small ensembles that feature a trombone are hence limited, but thanks to the relentless creativity of modern music, anything is possible, in any combination, with any kind of intent. Here is a list of interesting new albums in random order. Daniel Blacksberg Trio - Bit Heads (NoBusiness, 2009) This adventurous new Lithuanian label presents us with what I think is the debut album of trombonist Daniel Blacksberg as a leader, accompanied by Jon Barrios on bass and Mike Szekely on drums. His approach is cautious, free and precise, in the sense that he does go beyond the beaten path, offering new possibilities for the instrument but without going into the wilder areas that George Lewis is known for. The end result is highly listenable avant jazz, with slow and bluesy inflections, using the instrument's inherent capabilities for sadness. Promising! David Taylor - Red Sea (Tzadik, 2009) Bass trombonist David Taylor has this incredible resumé which includes amongst others the New York Philharmonic, playing with Ellington, the Rolling Stones, Blood, Sweat & Tears and even appearing on the Muppett Show with Gil Evans, but also releasing albums under his own name in more modern settings. With that background, you may expect anything, and whether it's a good thing that Tzadik offered him the chance to release this album will remain a question of debate. Taylor himself plays tenor trombone, and a wide variety of regular or custom-made trombones. Franz Hackl plas trumpets, Adam Holzman surdo, bass drum, piano; Scott Robinson a wild variety of reeds, such as contrabass clarinet, tenor rothopone and many more, and Warren Smith has this gigantic list of rhythm instruments to have fun with : giant Chinese barrel drum, bass marimba, and many more. From the list and the label, you already get the gist that this music is to be played in the lower registers, full of klezmer scales in the best Radical Jewish Series tradition, and indeed, you are right. The album is inspired by "the music of the legendary Cantor Pierre Pinchik, ... evoking the ecstasy of cantorial fervor". If the music did not open such interesting new musical visions at moments, I would not even mention it. Taylor creates great, reverent and intense soundscapes at times, with the solemnity and Weltschmerz you may expect, although often too pompous and heavy-footed. He throws in every style he has ever played in, from the New York Philharmonic over Blood, Sweat & Tears to the Muppetts, and luckily some creative modern music moments. Great instrumental skills do not necessarily make great composers. Superimpose - Talk Talk (Leo Records, 2009) This is German trombonist Matthias Müller's seventh release, and his second with Christian Marien on drums. Together they bring you deep into free improv territory, full of short and very intense interactions, exploring sounds, timbres, shades and colors, perspectives and musical depth, bouncing of notes and rhythms, extracted from context, abstracted from meaning. No doubt the least accessible album on this list, but not necessarily the less rewarding. Müller squeezes more sounds out of his trombone than most trombonists even conceive is possible, but to his credit he uses this skill not as an objective but as a means to create music. New music, taking risks, and in Marien he clearly found a great sparring partner. Noah Rosen, Yves Robert, Didier Levallet - Silhouette (Sans Bruit, 2009) French trombonist Yves Robert is without a doubt one of the masters of the instrument, confident, rich, and incredibly versatile. His album "On Touch" on ECM is easy to recommend. Here he teams up with Noah Rosen on piano and Didier Levallet on bass, for a very intense musical dialogue and confrontation, recorded at the wonderful Château Vilain XIIII (sic!) in Belgium. The three musicians explore, respond, push forward, change courses, open new vistas, and often all within one piece, changing from powerful intensity to slow and prudent testing of new common grounds. Rosen's piano sets the tone, the rhythm and the music's overall fluidity, adding complexities to abstractions, and it is without a doubt the most lyrical album of the list, yet also one of the richest, most mature and most playful. A real trio achievement. Joe McPhee, Peter Brötzmann, Ken Kessler, Michael Zerang - The Damage Is Done (Not Two, 2009) Monday, December 14, 2009 4 comments The reason why Joe McPhee and Peter Brötzmann form a great horn section is because their styles are linked and still quite different. McPhee can be violent and fierce, but he has that touch of sentimentality - in the good sense of the word - and spirituality that is entirely lacking with Brötzmann. The latter is a force of nature, all power and energy, but he has his poetic side too. Besides the violence, they share technical skills, musical vision and first and foremost instruments that are a direct conduit to their feelings, unaltered, without embellishment, without unnecessary ornaments or fake feelings. They deliver directly : raw, authentic, true to themselves. Ken Kessler on bass and Michael Zerang on drums feed the hurricane that is blowing in front of them, relentlessly. But the hurricane can become a light breeze too. And that is to a certain extent largely to be ascribed to both McPhee and Kessler, who add more nuance and subtlety, melodic elaboration and lyricism, but don't get mistaken about Brötzmann either: the slow and very beautiful melody that he develops in the quiet middle part of the thirty-minute title song is entirely his, almost sounding like McPhee. It is a real pleasure how the German manages to find the common ground, but don't worry either, it doesn't take long before he blows his lungs out again, so much so, that it almost becomes an entertainment by itself. The second track, "Alchemia Souls", is more free improv, a sound dialogue between the four musicians, and the title refers to the Alchemia Club, in Krakow, Poland were the performance took place on March 16, 2008. The second disc is even better, with titles referring to the descent into the Greek underworld. Soft and poetic flowing passages alternate with gut-wrenching sound blasts and the most excruciating emotional explorations - after all: you are in hell, yet it all fits, it has coherence and purpose, indeed like Acheron, the river of pain, that flows through Hades. Anger, human misery, dissatisfaction with the world, yes. But also musical beauty and great artistic delivery, very balanced in a very varied performance.The only downside of the performance is that Brötzmann's sax comes across much louder than McPhee's, but whether that's a question of sound mixing or because of sheer decibels produced, remains unsolved. Scoolptures - Materiale Umano (Leo Records, 2009) ½ Saturday, December 12, 2009 Avant-garde jazz No comments A new band, announced by the label as "Can't be ignored", which is quite a negative way of putting it, but true enough, this is highly clever, highly creative and highly emotional music, a rare combination, but what is more: their take on music is something else: powerful and visionary. The band consists of Nicola Negrini on bass, metallophone and live electronics, Achille Succi on bass clarinet, altosax and shakuhachi, Philippe Garcia on drums, voice and live electronics, and Antonio Della Marina on sinewaves, live electronics. Despite my dislike of electronics, it works to perfection on this album, because they are used in a very functional way, often barely noticeable yet omnipresent. The thirteen short pieces clock between two and seven minutes, and all refer to slices of the human body: "Brainslice", "Bellyslice", "Liverslice", etc. The music itself is described as "instantaneous composition, improvisation and live electronics, and the use of purposely programmed computer melt together in scenic writing". The computer records "not accidental but unforeseeable", in the sense that the repetitive elements conjured up by the system do not always follow the same rhythmic cycle. Sometimes it does, sometimes it doesn't. OK, whatever the technology behind it, the result is quite strong. All pieces have their own story, often compact, centered around a few core ideas, yet very focused and intense. Despite all the electronics, you need visionary artists and great instrumental skills to bring this to a good end, and with success. Bizarrely enough, because of the repetitions of the electronics, it all sounds carefully composed. Some pieces are fully colored by the electronics, other start from a solid jazz base, as on "Lungslice", others mix in Asian elements, as on "Nerveslice", with shakuhachi and arco bass. The highlight is without a doubt the haunting "Lostslice", wich includes high-toned worldless singing in combination with bass clarinet. I thought those were female voices, but it's the musicians themselves: weird and brilliant. Not everything works though, or would fall within my broad level of appreciation, but that's because they take risks, and without risks, no new musical vistas, which you get here in spades. The Jazz Police .... Saturday, December 12, 2009 General 4 comments I thought the concept of the Jazz Police was a great invention by Leonard Cohen, and here is one stanza of his lyrics. "Jazz police are looking through my folders Jazz police are talking to my niece Jazz police have got their final orders Jazzer, drop your axe, it's Jazz police!" But they're real. They exist! And none other than Larry Ochs, widely acclaimed artist, and highly recommended by your humble servant, was the victim of the jazz police. While performing in Sigüenza, near Madrid, on Monday this week, a concert-goer called the police to judge whether or not the music Larry plays is jazz, claiming his money back. "According to a report in El País newspaper yesterday, the khaki-clad police officers listened to the saxophone-playing and drumming coming from the festival stage before agreeing that the purist might, indeed, have a case", writes The Guardian.They referred the case to a judge. Read the full article in The Guardian or El País for some hilarious moments. True, you can argue about what is jazz and what is not jazz. But taking risks is not only the task of the artist. It's also part of the listener's role. In any case, I truly hope that it will give Larry some wider exposure. Getting such a long article in El País and in The Guardian does certainly not happen frequently to"jazz" musicians. "Can you tell me why the bells are ringing? Nothing's happened in a million years I've been sitting here since Wednesday morning Wednesday morning can't believe my ears" You can also judge for yourself : here is a piece of the performance, with Satoko Fujii on piano, Natsuki Tamura on trumpet, Scott Amendola and Donald Robinson on drums. List of recommended albums by and with Larry Ochs : John Lindberg - A Tree Frog Tonality * Darren Johnston - Reasons For Moving Larry Ochs - Up From Under * John Lindberg - The Catbird Sings Larry Ochs, Jeanrenaud, Masaoka - Fly, Fly, Fly * Larry Ochs - The Mirror World Larry Ochs, Peggy Lee, Miya Masaoka - Spiller Alley * Larry Ochs - Stone Shift I know that I am quite generous/enthusiastic with my ratings, but four out of eight albums with a five-star rating is even by my standards exceptionally high. Check them out! Thanks to Foka for sharing this story. Tongs - Jazz With The Megaphone? (Long Song Records, 2009) ½ Friday, December 11, 2009 Sax trio 4 comments This album has been lying around here, not knowing what to do with it. Does it fit the profile of this blog or doesn't it? Is is sufficiently jazz? Is it sufficiently adventurous? Well, in a way it is. The music is hard to pigeonhole. If you like The Happy Apple or Lucien Dubuis Trio, you must give this one a try too. Carlo Garof plays drums, percussion, objects, sinori, megaphone, live electronics; Antonio Bertoni plays double bass, electric bass, effects and sampler, Luca Serrapiglio plays baritone and tenor, bass clarinet and lo-fi electronics. The music has a definite rock attack and approach, with the studio being the fourth musician of the band. There is lots of fun on this album, lots of unexpected and interesting new subtleties added to the genre (and not only the megaphone). It rocks, it funks, it pumps, it swings, but on top you get colorful delivery of new sounds, ground-shaking drumming, gut-wrenching arco, hair-blowing horns, hair-raising electronics, feet-raising rhythms. Lively stuff! A little more unity would have made this a better album. Sometimes a little too sweet (like in the first track), sometimes hesitating between just plain fun and real artistic ambitions, but it sounds very promising. Listen and buy from Long Song Records. The Godforgottens - Never Forgotten, Always Remembered (Clean Feed, 2009) ** Thursday, December 10, 2009 * 1 comment The Sten Sandell Trio + Magnus Broo is something else entirely than what you would expect. The band is called the Godforgottens, with Magnus Broo on trumpet, Sten Sandell on Hammond B3 organ and piano, Johan Berthling on double bass, and Paal Nilssen-Love on drums. The first piece starts like a tune from a nightmare, with hypnotic bowed bass, an endless menacing organ sound circling around a single tonal center, chaotic background percussion and the trumpet that hovers over it all, screeching full-voiced. Gradually rhythm emerges, the tempo increases, bass strings are plucked, piano chords add drama. The trumpet is still lamenting. Full voice.Then stops. The piano chords run wild. The drums roll, full of patternless madness. Then the storm dies down. The second piece starts with tribal drumming, deep-voice throat-singing by Sandell, hesitating trumpet tones. The sound of the unexpected. Totally unexpected. Then you get the organ again. Quite harmonious yet weird. Full of gravitas and fire. The trumpet follows suit in short staccato blasts. Even if the rhythm section does everything not to create a sense of flow - at best rocks thundering down mountains, the organ and the trumpet do have a sense of direction: they flow.Then stop. Then it's Paal Nilssen-Love demonstrating what modern drumming should sound like: all spikes and splinters and unreleased built-up tension. Piano and trumpet dance around each other. Remaining pounding. Staccato. Slowing down. Bass plucked. Sensitivity reigns. Subtlety dominates. Bass bowed. One note on piano. Two notes on piano. A bell-like trumpet sound. A cymbal. Like after the storm: raindrops falling from leaves. The third piece starts with the known and appreciated Broo & Nilssen-Love duet. Broo can sound like Don Cherry, and like Louis Armstrong and like Lester Bowie, with a deep sense of blues and lyricism. Even in his wildest excursions, like here. The drums go through the roof. The piano joins the free bop. Out of the ensuing chaos, the bass emerges as the solid foundation. Sandell takes the lead. Then Broo does Cherry: all sympathy with the universe, joyful and sad, dancing and serene. The whole band joins. Light-footed and deep. So beautiful. Then the organ is back. Dark and menacing. Supported by the bass. Scattering the joy. No rescue possible. All hope gone.The trumpet screaming in wild laments. High and piercing. The drums rattling. Increasing the tempo. The intensity. Broo counters with a powerful melodic phrase. All heart and warmth. Subduing the violence. Redemption? Resignation? Revenge? It all ends with a single endless organ tone, over which Sandell practices his tuvan overtone singing, shamanistic and tribal ... mesmerizing. You can't put this music in a genre box. It's fantastic. Chris Kelsey - Not Cool (as in ... the opposite of Paul Desmond) (Self Published, 2009) Jazz critic and saxophonist Chris Kelsey now releases his new album under his own name after having published several on CIMP in the past, with "The Crookedest Straight Line, Vol. 2" being his latest. The band plays very much in the same vein as on the previous releases, finding a great balance between composed themes and furious and intense improvisations. Except for Chris Dimeglio, who replaces John Carlson on trumpet, the band is the same, with François Grillot on bass and Jay Rosen on drums.The line-up is not by coincidence the same as the original Ornette Coleman Quartet, and stylistically there are also ressemblances, albeit in a more modern version. In a very unusual attitude, Kelsey positions his music against the stylistic straightjacket of mainstream jazz, illustrated by Paul Desmond. His liner notes offer a quite long explanation for this, summarised in "I couldn’t embrace the music I loved without repudiating what I found appalling", a kind of rebellious attitude vis-à-vis the context of his own youth in the sixties. You can read all this in the liner yourself, as they're part of the free download package. The music itself his excellent without breaking boundaries. Kelsey's compositions are angular in the Coleman tradition, with highly rhythmic melodic themes, as lead-ins for free improvisations. In contrast to much of today's free jazz, the rhythmic backbone remains the anchorpoint during the improv. Even in the slower pieces, as in "Raw Sun", the music is intense and quite dense, with the various instruments being active most of the time, interweaving sounds and giving perspective to each other's improvisation. The only voice to get real solo moments - as in the only instrument playing - is Grillot's bass, which offers some breathing space to the horn players and to the listener on several tracks. The slow "The Past Is A Frightening Prospect" is the best piece of the album, together with the last track, a long rendition of Albert Ayler's "Ghosts". Like Ayler, this music is expressive, intense, iconoclastic, and paradoxically also reverent, and with quite some emotional power. You can temporarily download for free on Chris Kelsey's blog (128 kbps). Minamo - Kuroi Kawa/Black River (Tzadik, 2009) Monday, December 07, 2009 Avant-garde jazz, Piano Violin duo 1 comment Two years ago I was quite enthusiastic by the release of the "Minamo", a live album by Satoko Fujii and Carla Kihlstedt, who now get the possibility to continue their collaboration on the better known Tzadik label, and I hope it will give them more exposure. Fujii has been one of my favorite musicians of the last years, and I've been a fan of Kihlstedt ever since I first heard the Tin Hat Trio many years ago. They both are music lovers and genre devourers, capturing everything from classical, traditional music, folk, avant-garde, country, jazz, soundtrack, to new music. Both are very prolific in terms of musical output, working on a large variety of projects at the same time : Kihlstedt plays in ten different outfits, from folk to classical over rock and avant-garde, Fujii has her big band, quartets, trios, solo performances, world music with Gato Libre, or avant-garde jazz with Larry Ochs's Stone Shift. The album consists of two CDs, one with eighteen short pieces recorded in the studio, the other one with six longer live improvisations. And that concept is a very lucky one, because it shows the artists' breadth of range in the short pieces, the quantity of things they have to tell and offer, like a rich menu with lots of different choices, whereas the live setting gives them time to explore the ideas, to structure the improvisation and expand on them. On one track of the first CD Fujii plays accordion and Kihlstedt trumpet violin, which offers additional variation. Out of this huge musical baggage and technical skills, their only ambition here is to create something entirely new, never heard before, tearing to pieces what they've heard before, but lovingly, and reconstructing it into something entirely different, full of red-hot passion and intensity, sometimes dissonant or atonal, yet sometimes very melancholy and accessible, or joyful and fun, or fresh and light, or full of drama and gravity, and especially on the second CD, you get a mix of it all. Their message seems clear : "music is music : it's what it says that is important, not what box it fits in". The greatest strength of the album is the perfect symbiosis between the two musicians, who find each other seamlessly and manage to deconstruct and to create something as out of one mind and heart. Fire! - You Liked Me Five Minutes Ago (Rune Grammofon, 2009) ½ Monday, December 07, 2009 Fringes of Jazz No comments "Fire!" is Mats Gustafsson on saxophones and Fender Rhodes, Johan Berthling on bass, electric guitar and Hammond organ, and Andreas Werliin on drums. The first piece is built around a repetitive bass vamp, a solid anchor point for the drums to go haywire and Gustafsson to have a no-holds-barred sax solo, screaming and wailing as if his life depended on it, yet ending all smooth and gently. The second piece, "But Sometimes I am", starts with a slow acoustic bass figure around which Werliin adds percussive depth on his cymbals. After some four minutes the sax joins with some gut-wrenching multiphonic sound, full of distress and sadness, a sound which is so unmistakably identifiable as Gustafsson, so human and authentic that it's really frightening, and - suprise - his sound merges into some high-toned singing by Mariam Wallentin, on a true psychedelic backdrop reminiscent of Pink Floyd's "Careful With That Axe, Eugene", but then the electronics set in as the speed increases, moving to an inevitable paroxysm we know from the early Floyd. Absolutely mesmerizing. "Can I Hold You For A Minute", starts with a rock-ish mid-tempo beat, with bass and drums laying a repetitive pattern for the electric guitar and keyboards to build a hypnotic wall of sound, through which Gustafsson's piercing sax comes tearing through, as if his soul was condemned, for ever. The last track starts light-footed, with some handclapping accompanying a repetitive sax over an odd 2/4 rhythm, of which the tempo increases, a little too joyful and too much of a contrast with the carefully built up atmosphere of the previous tracks. This is not fusion. It is not even progressive jazz rock à la Soft Machine. It's the endless psychedelic and epic - as yet unpolished - sound mastership of the early Pink Floyd in a more modern form with the magnificent voice of Gustafsson to add emotional power. Sax trios Saturday, December 05, 2009 Sax trio 3 comments Ever since Sonny Rollins'"Way Out West", the sax trio is possibly the most popular small ensemble after the piano trio. The horn's expressivity, volume and range explain its attractiveness for players and listeners alike, because it can carry the weight of a trio setting. That being said, it still requires creativity and a good sense of how to build tension to keep things captivating for a whole album. Peter Brötzmann, Marino Pliakas, Michael Wertmüller - Full Blast/Black Hole (Atavistic, 2009) Recorded in March 2008 at Radio Studio Züric, the titel of the album defines the music quite well, although on the second track, "Suzy", Brötzmann plays quite softly, melodically and sensitively over the wild powerful bass of Marino Pliakas and the unrelenting drumming of Michael Wertmüller. But don't worry, Brötzmann fans will find plenty to enjoy here, but it must be said, the quieter parts, as on "String", or on "Protoneparcel" on which he plays tarogato suit him quite well, showing a more sensitive and subtle face. All track titles are related to the extreme experiments of particle physics that took place at CERN in Switzerland last year, in search of the Higgs Boson particle, an experiment which, some claimed, could have devastating results including the creation of a black hole in which everything (EVERYTHING!) would disappear, an inspiring concept to Brötzmann, Pliakas and Wertmüller, who are the ideal band to accompany this event, in analogy to the string ensemble that kept playing while the Titanic went down. Strong double CD! Peter Brötzmann, Peeter Uuskyla, Peter Friis Nielsen - Noise Of Wings (Jazzwerkstatt, 2009) In comparison, this re-issue on Jazzwerkstatt of a no longer available Slask release of 1999, is a little more ferocious and muscular. Peter Brötzmann is accompanied by Peeter Uuskyla on drums, and Peter Friis Nielsen on electric bass, as on a series of other albums (Medicina, Flying Feathers, Live At Nefertiti). Like on Mokuto, Friis Nielsen's little percolating bass sounds often determine the overall tone of the piece. Brötzmann is wild as you would expect, but not violent for violence's sake, yet full of expressivity, passion and fire. Excellent re-issue. Eddy Prévost - Invenio Ergo/Sum (Matchless, 2009) Master drummer and improvisor Eddie Prévost is joined by Ross Lambert on guitar and Seymour Wright on alto, for two long pieces, together more than eighty minutes long. The title is a reference to French philosopher Descartes' famous sentence "Cogito Ergo Sum", or "I think, therefore I am", yet changed here into "I invent, therefore I am". Even if not quite that accessible during a first listen, its open textured approach, and the musicians' listening skills and subtle interaction make this a strong performance. Massimo Magee, Amos Manne, Lee Noyes - Sax, Bass, Drums (Array, 2009) Weird and totally improvised music, with one long track of thirty-seven minutes, with Massimo Magee on "amplified, feedback and acoustic prepared and unprepared tenor saxophone", Amos Manne on bass, guitar, whistles, and pipes, and Lee Noyes just plays drums.The improvisation, aptly called "Three's Company", is very much in the free improv tradition, without clear rhythmic or any other patterns, creating sonic intensity and interaction very much in the moment itself. Not bad at all. The music can be downloaded free of charge from their website. Zé Eduardo Unit - Live In Capuchos (Clean Feed, 2009) Light-footed modern and free jazz by this excellent Portuguese trio, led by bassist Ze Eduardo, with Jesus Santandreu on tenor saxophone and Bruno Pedroso on drums. The compositions are very varied, full of creative twists and turns, but then they get unraveled to their essential core, improvised upon in the best free sense, and falling back to its more structured form. Sensitive playing and quite accessible. JD Allen - Shine (Sunnyside, 2009) This trio is possibly closest to mainstream of the whole list here, often hesitating to move into fiercer, more free environments, yet always falling back on the structures and patterns. That being said, the playing and the compositions are quite strong. J.D. Allen on tenor saxophone, Gregg August on bass and Rudy Royston on drums. Allen's playing is as warm as a southern breeze, his improvisations very melodic. Charles Gayle Trio - Our Souls (NoBusiness, 2009) ½ Friday, December 04, 2009 Sax trio No comments Recorded live in June of this year at PIANO.LT in Vilnius, Lithuania, this new limited edition LP on the NoBusiness label will surely please the fans of Charles Gayle, who has now completely switched to alto. Dominic Duval plays bass and Arkadijus Gotesmanas drums, the latter one having taken the initiative for this session that is dedicated to the late Rashied Ali with whom Gayle performed a lot. "Hearts Cry", the long first piece has Gayle on alto, playing quite intensely around a limited tonal center, without much highs or lows, all within a close range, taking some distance for a few moments to let Duval solo time, yet coming in again relentlessly. On "The Flood" he switches to piano, using extended techniques and dark, menacing thundering chords, alternated with quick runs with the right hand, sounding like flowing water, then slowing down to individual drops. "Love Changes" is more down-tempo, with the saxophonist moving into more spiritual blowing, measured almost, "Compassion" is boppish, with Duval's walking bass the solid backbone for the tune that slows down into what I think is the best part of the album, with more sensitive, heart-rending wailing, softer, with more tension and that moves seamlessly into the title track, with Duval's arco forming the bridge to Gayle's quick avant-garde piano intermezzo before all hell breaks loose again with the leader on sax and piano and shouts. Kudos to Gotesmanas here too, because his previous functional support, to a large extent co-determines the overall sound of the last piece. The crowd reacts enthusiastically. A nice addition to Gayle's catalogue without being essential. And yes ... LPs are short, too short ... Samuel Blaser Quartet - Pieces Of Old Sky (Clean Feed, 2009) *½ Wednesday, December 02, 2009 Modern jazz No comments Seldom have I heard music that is so open-textured while being harmonically coherent at the same time. Credits go to Samuel Blaser on trombone, Thomas Morgan on bass, Todd Neufeld on guitar, and Tyshawn Sorey on drums. The magnificent title piece slowly evolves out of the basic and almost pristine sounds of the four instruments. They take their time to clearly articulate each note, leaving the listener to enjoy its superb quality, slowly and deeply, minimalist in a way, creating an atmosphere that is both sad and dark. Blaser's trombone-playing is what it should be in my view, slow, measured, giving his instrument its full-toned expressivity. Then listen to Neufeld, whose guitar tones are crisp and clear, with punctuated and extremely functional interventions, and when you hear it, you think, brilliant, this is how it should sound and no other alternative is possible, just to illustrate the wonderful balance. Morgan's bass is in the same vein: a note here, a pluck there, just co-creating a fragile sound-structure, woven from the most ephemereal threads. Sorey's drumming is equally functional: he doesn't lay any real foundation for the other musicians, he adds the sizzle, the beat, the brush-stroke at the right moments, adding to the texture. The slowness of the opening piece is only matched by "Mandala", which is even more open-textured, more sparse, yet followed by the aptly named "Speed Game", but even then the tempo declines and freedom emerges. The other uptempo composition "Red Hook" is also a winner, with long unison lines and a wilder improvisations. In all, a great album, with a very powerful musical vision of aural delicacies, a gourmet of sounds to savor, each individually and combined. Take your time and enjoy, a real treat. Watch a promo video Lucien Dubuis Trio & Marc Ribot - Ultime Cosmos (Enja Records, 2009) Tuesday, December 01, 2009 Fusion, Modern jazz No comments I praised the Lucien Dubuis Trio before and here also. The Swiss band, with Lucien Dubuis on alto sax and contrabass clarinet, Roman Nowka on bass and guitar, and Lionel Friedli on drums, is a real band for the boys, one that assembles everything which is fun, rhythmically, melodically, in terms of soloing and in terms of sound. It has the attitude and the quality of the better police movies or westerns - the kind of thing that only boys enjoy : roughness, shooting, car chases, jumping off buildings, smashing things once in while, action and action, some machism, some totally incorrect attitude, with the necessary jokes and witticisms in between, but especially, action without time for psychology or philosophy or sociology or any other speed bumps. And just that little level of romance to get the hormones flowing. Well, this is kind of the musical equivalent to these movies. Teaming up with Marc Ribot on guitar only doubles the fun. The trio is highly entertaining by themselves, but Ribot adds just that little thing that makes it all even more attractive, from the scorching wah-wah solo on the first piece (think Ritchie Blackmore), or the sweetest Latin melodies (à la Cubanos Postizos), combined with the very low contrabass clarinet sounds a really great combination, or weird fretless sounds (or is it slide guitar?), jazzy sounds, or rapid fire unison lines in the most modern mutant funk or pumping rock. You get the gist. No slow moments. Only great musical fun, with all the necessary ingredients that make up the cliché, only too good to be called that way : rough and screaming soloing, pumping rhythms, disciplined duels, magnificent skills, instrumental acrobatics, compositional variation, and even the Zappa-esque lyrics on "Shit Love". Dubuis' compositions are excellent : he always finds the right angle to tell his story, compact, full of drive and intelligence, with "La Danse Des Machines" without a doubt the best track. And the playing is fabulous too : one of the most rhythmic bands on the scene today. And on top of it all, you get a DVD with it, with creatively edited rehearsal material. Purchase directly from the artists. Bradford, Gjerstad, Håker Flaten, Nilssen-Love - R... Donat Fisch & Christian Wolfarth - Circle & Line 2... Lorenzo Sanguedolce & Michael Bisio - Live At The ... Carla Bley - Carla's Christmas Carols (WATT, 2009)... Katherine Young - Further Secret Origins (Porter R... Marilyn Crispell - Collaborations 2004 and 2007 (L... Empty Cage Quartet - Gravity (Clean Feed, 2009) ... Joe McPhee, Peter Brötzmann, Ken Kessler, Michael ... Scoolptures - Materiale Umano (Leo Records, 2009) ... Tongs - Jazz With The Megaphone? (Long Song Record... The Godforgottens - Never Forgotten, Always Rememb... Chris Kelsey - Not Cool (as in ... the opposite of... Minamo - Kuroi Kawa/Black River (Tzadik, 2009) ***... Fire! - You Liked Me Five Minutes Ago (Rune Grammo... Charles Gayle Trio - Our Souls (NoBusiness, 2009) ... Samuel Blaser Quartet - Pieces Of Old Sky (Clean F... Lucien Dubuis Trio & Marc Ribot - Ultime Cosmos (E...	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9210
__label__wiki	0.640526	0.640526	Home > Middle East News > Palestinians The Shooting of a Legless Man As a double amputee in a wheelchair, Ibrahim Abu Thuraya stood out among the crowd of demonstrators on the Gaza border. Was it his fearlessness that unnerved a soldier on the Israeli side? Send me email alerts for new articles by Amira Hass Ibrahim Abu Thuraya demonstrating along the border fence between Gaza and Israel, May 2017. He was shot and killed on December 15.Mohammed Abed/AFP The car headlights picked out two soldiers in the darkness, carrying guns and other equipment at the entrance to the overcrowded and dense West Bank town of A-Ram. Our eyes met for a fleeting moment, as they say. Their faces expressed that familiar mixture of arrogance, ignorance and fear. How young they look, I thought. I also considered what everyone who drives past soldiers thinks these days: One slight deviation of the car and they’ll assume this lady is hell-bent on running them over. A subsequent Military Police investigation will determine they felt their lives were endangered and so they acted properly. Focus on steering, I told myself, thinking again about how young they were. The Israeli military first took his legs, then his life Thousands attend Gaza funeral of double amputee shot by Israeli forces Three Palestinians killed, dozens hurt in clashes with Israeli forces in Gaza, West Bank It’s doubtful you’d have seen any fear in the eyes of the Israeli soldiers who shot to death Ibrahim Abu Thuraya, 29, on Friday. They were on the other side of the border fence, east of the Shujaiyeh neighborhood in Gaza. Perhaps they were in an observation tower. Maybe on a hill or in an armored jeep, which fired in bursts at the Palestinian demonstrators. What danger did Abu Thuraya pose? He stood out among the crowd of demonstrators, for sure: A double amputee, he was advancing in his wheelchair, getting off it and moving quickly with the aid of his arms, going eastward across a sandy mound. Did his courage and fearlessness unsettle a soldier on the Israeli side of the fence? Abu Thuraya had been seriously wounded during the 2008-09 Israeli offensive in Gaza, when he lost both legs. A story on the Palestinian Al Watan news website in 2015 reported that he and his friends were the targets of Israeli shelling on the Bureij refugee camp. He later recovered from his serious injuries and made a living by cleaning car windows on Gaza’s streets, maneuvering among the cars in his wheelchair. Undated video footage shows him climbing up an electricity pole near the Gaza border and flying a flag. In another video, probably recorded on Friday, he is seen in his wheelchair on an exposed spot across from the perimeter fence, again waving a Palestinian flag. At midday on Friday, he was saying to a TV camera that the demonstration was a message to the Zionist occupation army that “This is our land and we won’t surrender.” Edited footage shows him in his wheelchair later, surrounded by dozens of upset youngsters. His head is drooping, and they lift him to an ambulance and accompany him to a hospital. He was pronounced dead that evening, killed by a bullet to the head. Ibrahim Abu Thuraya during the demonstrations by Palestinians along the border fence between Gaza and Israel, December 15, 2017.Mohammed Salem/Reuters Did the edited video omit some incriminating footage? For example, did Abu Thuraya aim a rocket at the soldiers? If that was the reason a soldier shot a legless man in a wheelchair, this was a failure of the army and Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories spokesmen. Why didn’t they issue a statement to the media about the thwarting of a rocket attack by demonstrators, thus preventing any harm befalling our soldiers? Back in the West Bank, a tingling in the nose alerted me to the presence of soldiers on the road leading to the Jalazun refugee camp – meaning there were stone throwers there, too. But there was no turning back. The wafting tear gas increased in intensity and the road ahead curved. On one side, behind some houses, crouched some youths – and they were very young. They were holding stones but not throwing them at the time. On the other side, near a wall that protects the settlement of Beit El, stood a formidable-looking armored personnel carrier with a few soldiers alongside it. Perhaps they were Border Policemen (my sense of panic made me forget some of the details). Under their helmets and from a distance, it was hard to determine how young they were. But their arrogance and ignorance was evident in their stance. My attempt to travel from Ramallah to Bethlehem on Friday (for a concert and children’s choir performance) was unsuccessful. At an intersection on the way to the Beit El checkpoint, a few young men – how young they were – pulled some tires out of a car with the intention of torching them. I understood what was happening and turned back toward Qalandiyah. The traffic was slow. A Palestinian demonstrator kicking a burning tire during clashes with Israeli forces near an Israeli checkpoint in the West Bank city of Ramallah, December 16, 2017.Abbas Momani/AFP At one spot worshippers were emerging from a mosque, and at another people walked in the middle of the road carrying baskets from the market. Elsewhere, there were double-parked cars or men coming out of a festivities hall carrying disposable coffee cups and pieces of cake. An ambulance, sirens blaring, was coming from the direction of the checkpoint, signaling what lay ahead. A few dozen meters up the road, a cloud of tear gas was clearly visible. Any desire I had to explore the situation at any of the other exits from the five-star prison that is Ramallah had passed. It was later announced that one person died at the Beit El checkpoint and another was seriously wounded in Qalandiyah. On a morning excursion with friends on Friday, he said: “On the one hand, I know I should be there with those courageous young people at the checkpoint. On the other, I know that only through hundreds of thousands going there, hands in pockets, will anything change.” She added, “Once, we used to hear about one person being wounded in Gaza and the whole of the West Bank was inflamed. Now, we hear of someone dying in Ramallah or a young person losing an eye because of a tear-gas canister and all we do is shake our heads in sympathy and get on with our lives.” A person living on a street next to the Beit El checkpoint opened his door to those fleeing the clouds of tear gas. The alcohol-soaked handkerchief passed around by a paramedic helped, but it was only inside the house that the tears and burning sensation subsided. “Our leadership is cut off,” the host declared. “It doesn’t care about the people, only about the money and the jobs. I can’t tell the young people not to go to the checkpoints, but I know their courage is in vain.”	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9243
__label__cc	0.657956	0.342044	MishaK I am hearing Murray Perahia play some Beethoven and Chopin on Oct.21 and on Nov.4 Dohnanyi is conducting Bruckner's 4th with the CSO, Arabella Steinbacher will play the Sibelius VC in the first half. Eagerly looking forward to this coming Monday night, at Carnegie Hall: James Levine, Music Director and Conductor Jean-Yves Thibaudet, Piano John Oliver, Conductor Ravel: Alborada del gracioso Ravel: Pavane pour une infante défunte Ravel: Daphnis et Chloé (complete) Location: Bucharest, Romania Quote from: bhodges on October 05, 2007, 09:17:41 AM Nice. Indeed very nice. “Melody is the essence of music.” --- Mozart Ooh, that does sound fun. I still never had the chance of hearing the Ravel concerto live. Haitink is doing the complete Daphnis along with Poulenc's Gloria with the CSO + Chorus in November. Lilas Pastia At the Montreal Symphony on the 23rd: Herbert Blomstedt and the Bruckner 2nd Peter Serkin in Bach's first piano concerto. Quote from: Lilas Pastia on October 06, 2007, 09:22:07 AM Great-sounding program! I don't think I've ever heard that Bruckner live, and it has one of my favorite Bruckner slow movements, really haunting. suomesta Martin Fröst plays Aho's Clarinet Concerto tomorrow with the Lahti Symphony, can't wait! LS also shows their concerts as webcasts at www.classiclive.com. I'm the one waiving at you in the front row... Well, the Cleveland O is playing Mahler 2 this weekend. I think I might try and catch the friday morning show. In less than 2 hours I'll be attending this: Claude Debussy - Violin Sonata Maurice Ravel - Violin Sonata Cesar Franck - Violin Sonata Cristina Anghelescu - violin, Viniciu Moroianu - piano. (I guess these names ring no bell for you. ) « Last Edit: October 11, 2007, 05:27:42 AM by Florestan » Remember I mentioned going to listen to Martin Fröst the other day? Well the performance was simply outstanding. I am sorry, I know this is not a review place, but I still wanted to share this experience with you. He played 2 impros as an encore, here is a link to one of them http://www.classiclive.com/Concerts/2007/October/370 Quote from: Florestan on October 11, 2007, 05:26:05 AM Cristina Anghelescu Her name does ring a bell, in fact. She did well in the Sibelius Competition some fifteen years ago. Quote from: matti on October 12, 2007, 12:15:54 AM Well, it's been a marvelous evening. The highlight was the Blues from Ravel's Sonata which the 2 performers made sound rather like a Tango: intensely passionate and sensual.. The only awful thing was that right after the 1st part of Debussy's Sonata a mobile phone started to ring somewhere in the hall and the f&*%$#g bastard did not turn it off, probably from fear of not being reprehended publicly and loudly --- which some of us did anyway. Liszt - PC 1 Tchaikovsky - String Serenade Tchaikovsky - Capriccio Italien Romanian National Radio Orchestra, conductor Ilarion Ionescu-Galati Ioana Maria Lupascu - piano Great program, Andrei! Looking forward to this next Thursday. Mischa Santora Conductor Michael Houstoun Piano Britten Sinfonia da Requiem Prokofiev Piano Concerto No.1 Holst The Planets To finish the APN News & Media Premier Series for the year, a long awaited event – the APO presents Holst’s Planets suite in its entirety for the first time in 15 years. Under the baton of Mischa Santora, whose appearances with the orchestra in 2005 were roundly applauded, Holst’s masterpiece, admired especially for the astounding “Mars Bringer of War” and for the moving “Jupiter” theme, will receive a rendition worth the wait. The first half of the programme has two more treats in store: Michael Houstoun in Prokofiev’s cheeky and virtuosic first piano concerto, and Benjamin Britten’s devastatingly raw Sinfonia da Requiem, written upon the death of his parents. « Last Edit: October 17, 2007, 03:39:33 PM by Solitary Wanderer » This week, three concerts by the Cleveland Orchestra, with Franz Welser-Möst. I love them, so I'm excited... Mozart: Symphony No. 28 in C Major, K. 200 John Adams: Guide to Strange Places Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 6, "Pathétique" Debussy: Ibéria, from Images, No. 2 Matthias Pintscher: Five Orchestral Pieces (NY Premiere) Beethoven: Symphony No. 7 Malin Hartelius, Soprano Bernarda Fink, Mezzo-Soprano Westminster Symphonic Choir Joe Miller, Conductor Mahler: Symphony No. 2, "Resurrection" Who said something about Bruckner - we have a black lab named after him! He likes his 8th Symphony especially... Enescu - Concert Overture on Romanian Folk Themes Grieg - Piano Concerto in A minor (interval) Sibelius - Valse triste Respighi - Pini di Roma Romanian National Radio Orchestra, conducted by Horia Andreescu Geir Botnen, piano quintett op.57 Tonight : Dvorak : Cello Concerto Eschenbach/Orchestre de Paris/Yo-Yo Ma Hindemith : Symphony in E-flat Quote from: Solitary Wanderer on October 12, 2007, 11:17:11 AM Mischa Santeria Conductor Michael Houston Piano Britten sniffing DA Requiem To finish the APN News & Media Premier Series for the year, a long awaited event – the APO presents Holst's Planets suite in its entirety for the first time in 15 years. Under the baton of Mischa Santeria, whose appearances with the orchestra in 2005 were roundly applauded, Holst's masterpiece, admired especially for the astounding Mars Bringer of War and for the moving Jupiter theme, will receive a rendition worth the wait. The first half of the programme has two more treats in store: Michael Houston in Prokofiev's cheeky and virtuosic first piano concerto, and Benjamin Britten's devastatingly raw Sniffing DA Requiem, written upon the death of his parents. Great concert! The Britten piece was the first work I've heard live by him and it was a treat. Loved the growling sax parts in the second movement and the finale reminded me of Stravinsky's Firebird conclusion. The only negative was the ragged horn section at one point. Prokofiev's Piano Concerto No.1 was great with Michael Houston performing the tricky work with alot of fire and passion. In an evening of 20th century composers this was the most modern sounding of the three. Holst's The Planets was the highlight. I'm very familiar with this work as it was a gateway piece for me as a teenager so to hear/see it performed live was wonderful. They took the tempo noticeably faster than the Elder/Halle Orchestra Hyperion SACD version that I've been listening to recently. The power of Mars, especially when the main theme returns at the half way point only STRONGER, was goosebump territory. The only negative was for the Neptune finale they replaced the unseen choir with a very visible synth Apparently this was a musical decision not a financial one, but the ending was very thin and digital sounding after the grandeur of the preceding hour. Some guy did a LOUD sneeze right as the final notes were fading around the hall A great finish to the APO's premium season Quote from: Solitary Wanderer on October 19, 2007, 04:15:22 PM Hey, good to see you made it to the concert and moreover, that it was worth your while . The Bartok PC1 is one of my favourites.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9247
__label__wiki	0.607122	0.607122	Home All News Animals Hope on Horizon for Escaped ‘Russian Spy Whale‘ After Video of Its... Hope on Horizon for Escaped ‘Russian Spy Whale‘ After Video of Its Rugby Skills Goes Viral Over the course of just one week, this video of a “wild” beluga whale playing fetch with a group of sailors has been watched more than 20 million times—and while many viewers have been blissfully unaware of the whale’s plight, the viral footage could help to save it. Hvaldimir the beluga was first spotted by fishermen off the coast of Norway back in April. The sailors were already suspicious of the whale’s origins based on how comfortably it interacted with the humans. Furthermore, they discovered that it was wearing a GoPro camera harness with the English words “Equipment St. Petersburg” printed on the label. Marine mammal training facilities were common during the Soviet Union reign, and since its release, Hvaldimir has become world renowned as the defected “Russian Spy Whale”. This is not the first time that Hvaldimir the beluga has been recorded interacting with humans. Shortly after locals became aware of the whale’s presence, Hvaldimir was filmed returning a woman’s phone after she had dropped it into the chilly sea waters from a boat. LOOK: This Woman and Her Pet Otters Have Spent the Last 40 Years Protecting the Species From Extinction in England Many conservationists have shunned the more recent viral video as a whimsical depiction of a grim situation—but its online fame has helped to create hope for Hvaldimir on the horizon. For the last three months, Advocates for Hvaldimir has been keeping track of the cetacean’s activity in order to make sure that he is faring well on his own. Regina Crosby, who is a co-founding member of the group, says they are now working with two other environmental groups to try to relocate Hvaldimir to a different oceanic region so he can potentially reintegrate with a pod of belugas for a better chance at survival. WATCH: Bison Get 22,000 Acres of Additional Prairie Land to Roam Free – Watch The Spectacular Moment They Were Reintroduced After 150 Years Crosby, who has spent the summer filming a documentary about Hvaldimir, says: “As advocates for Hvaldi, we realized this whale would never have the chance at survival, let alone a normal life, unless he is given the chance to be with a pod. “There are folks that claim no pod will accept him, but those same folks would claim a captive beluga can never learn to eat on their own. As Hvaldi has proven—that is not true!” she added. “There are many many cases of orphaned or displaced dolphins and whales who join pods—even pods other species—to become a family. He deserves a chance.” CHECK OUT: Watch ‘Superhero’ Woman Rescue Trapped Deer From Not One, But Two Different Fences in a Matter of Minutes Crosby and Advocates for Hvaldimir have since begun collecting donations from the beluga’s internet fans in order to finance his relocation. Since the Norwegian government recently granted permission to the wildlife advocates to relocate the famous cetacean, they are now hoping to continue working with legislators to transport Hvaldimir this winter. “The ‘good news’ for now is that we have created a GoFundMe page with specific details about his situation,” Crosby told Good News Network in an emailed statement. “It is really important to note that we are NOT working with ANY organizations who are involved in keeping whales or dolphins in captivity, or using them for entertainment; and we are not receiving funding from those companies. “We do have a lot of things worked out, but it is in the whale’s best interest if specific details do not become too publicized,” she added. (WATCH the viral rugby video below) Be Sure And Share This Whale Of A Tale With Your Friends On Social Media…	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9248
__label__wiki	0.523711	0.523711	Military Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI Army) Military Brain Head Injuries Gorvins’ military personal injury department has the knowledge, experience and contacts (with barristers, medical and other experts, rehabilitation and support providers, etc.) to ensure a nuanced and holistic service to our military brain injury or head injury clients. This service includes maximising compensation for military brain injury and losses, while also securing appropriate rehabilitation and support. Treatment of a serious head or brain injury requires a whole host of specialist professionals to help you on your way to recovery. Not only will you require expert medical attention and care, but also a high-quality legal team to assist you to devise and implement a rehabilitation plan, and to secure the compensation you deserve. If you have suffered your head or brain injury as a result of a colleague’s, the MoD’s or another party’s negligent actions, or as a result of a crime of violence, we can help you make a claim. Any injury to the head or brain can be extremely serious, which is why you deserve a solicitor who will fight your corner and seek the highest possible level of compensation. Gorvins’ Experience in Military Brain Injury Claims Our Head of Military Personal Injury, Gary Boyd’s successes in this specialist field include: Securing judgment at the Court of Appeal for a Royal Marine who sustained life-changing injuries including a severe brain injury, during service in Afghanistan A £3.5 million settlement for a young soldier who sustained a severe brain injury during a drill in the UK Settlement of a very complex claim for a civilian employee of the MoD who sustained a severe brain, and other life-threatening injuries when caught by an avalanche during a skiing exercise How can Gorvins help and next steps Gary Boyd, the partner in charge of Gorvins’ military personal injury department, is an acknowledged expert in the highly specialised field of military brain injury claims. To discuss your case with Gary you can call us on 0161 930 5117 or fill in our online enquiry form and let us call you back to see how we can help. Gary Boyd is praised for great attention to detail ...Legal 500 The service received was outstanding and you never gave up ...Mr Liam Sprigg When working with Gary Boyd, I have been impressed by his dedication ...Lady Justice Yip, High Court Judge You have been a great representative, an amazing solicitor ...Kelly Darlow Meet the Military Claims team Gary Boyd Head of Military & Serious Sports Injury Claims Military Claims Back to Military Personal Injury Claims Meet Military Claims team What Military Claims services do we offer Criminal Injuries Compensation Overseas (‘CICO’) Scheme has been set up, and is administered by the Veterans Agency. Our military claims team are experts in working with members of the armed forces who have been seriously injured Protect the ones you love! Get peace of mind with our award winning Wills, Trusts & Probate team for you and your family Many cases of Q fever are initially asymptomatic, and so the infected soldier is at first unaware of their infection Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder resulting from exposure to traumatic, stressful combat Treatment of a serious head or brain injury requires a whole host of specialist professionals to help you Gorvins are highly specialised in military claims including for (often serious) orthopaedic injuries We understand how difficult life can get after a severe accident and how amputations have lifelong consequences Chronic Pain Syndrome is a very complex problem that can be difficult to diagnose but much more difficult to live with Gorvins Expands into Military Injury Claims Gary Boyd has joined to set up Gorvins' Military Claims team Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Armed Forces This week is Mental Health Awareness week in the UK.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9253
__label__cc	0.528036	0.471964	Search News & Events site for: Julianne Munn: When Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. visited my hometown Goshen College and Ivy Tech Community College sign articulation agreements Charles Fluharty, founder and CEO of the Rural Policy Research Institute, to speak at Goshen College Feb. 11 Fall 2019-20 Dean’s List announced Winter Choral Concert Adult Degree Programs Anabaptist-Mennonite studies B.S. Organizational Leadership B.S. Social Work Bible, Religion and Philosophy Collaborative MBA Conflict Transformation Criminal Justice & Restorative Justice Event Headlines GC Community GC News Intercultural Education Latino Entrepreneurship Initiative M.A. Environmental Education M.A. Intercultural Leadership M.A. Nursing Merry Lea Molecular Biology/Biochemistry Peace, Justice & Conflict Studies R.N. to B.S.N. Nursing Study-Service Term/Int. Ed. Teaching English as a Second Language (TESOL) Theological Studies and Christian Ministries Goshen College places high for study abroad program and students with least debt in 2006 U.S.News rankings In the annually anticipated college ranking release, the 2006 U.S.News & World Report "America's Best Colleges," Goshen College again placed high in the third tier of the category of Best Liberal Arts Colleges for the fifth straight year. Goshen was again recognized for its study abroad program and for being a "least debt" college, among other accolades. North Central Association continues accreditation and affirms mission of Goshen College Goshen College has received a letter of formal notification of continued accreditation by The Higher Learning Commission and a member of the North Central Association (NCA). The next comprehensive evaluation is scheduled for 2015. Giving by churches, alumni and others to Goshen College increases; Annual fund giving up as well The generosity of churches, alumni and friends to Goshen College continued to grow during the 2004-05 fiscal year, which ended June 30. Sales begin July 15 for ninth season of Goshen College’s Performing Arts Series From acclaimed musical theater favorites sung by Colm Wilkinson of "Phantom of the Opera" and "Les Misérables" to the soul-stirring gospel of the Grammy-winning Blind Boys of Alabama to a top-notch conductor-less string orchestra, the 2005-2006 Goshen College Performing Arts Series will again feature performances from diverse musicians and musical styles for Michiana audiences, with ticket sales beginning July 15. The Bulletin – June 2005 Peace & Justice Journalism: HIV/AIDS in Swaziland… Goshen College announces spring 2004-05 Dean’s List Goshen College recently recognized 163 students for excellence in academics, on the 2004-05 spring semester Dean's List. Groundbreaking launches Merry Lea’s “green” collegiate facility; Ceremony for Rieth Village focuses on “ground healing” As Merry Lea Environmental Learning Center celebrated the launching of phase one of its "green" collegiate facility on May 4, friends, board members, local officials and representatives from Goshen College joined in ceremonies not to break ground, but to better care for it. Juried student show: 2005 Juried student show: 2005 Reception: May 1 Selected Goshen College student work. Nickel Friesen encourages GC graduates to live the undivided life during commencement The end of a four-year journey came for 223 Goshen College graduates, members of the 107th graduating class, who accepted diplomas from Interim President John D. Yordy in the Roman Gingerich Recreation-Fitness Center on April 24. Graduation Exhibit: 2005 Graduation Exhibit: 2005 Combined works by senior art students.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9254
__label__wiki	0.515562	0.515562	Here Is Shane Black's Lovingly Deranged Manifesto for The Predator The famously unique filmmaker wrote a very "Shane Black" letter to his cast before shooting. THE PREDATOR, 2018. ph: Kimberly French. /TM & Copyright © 20th Century Fox Film Corp. All rights reserved /Courtesy Everett CollectionEverett Ahead of the release of Shane Black’s The Predator, the genre-bending, Christmas enthusiast filmmaker shared with us his written manifesto for this new sequel that he wrote prior to filming, which was, until now, seen only by the movie’s cast. He’s never been one to mince words, even in the scripts he writes, and his mission statement for updating a beloved yet, let’s be real, kind of goofy action-horror franchise is no different. Black’s the perfect voice to revive the saga of the Predator after 2010’s dour reboot attempt and some best-left-unmentioned crossover movies. Here’s the director’s manifesto in full, including the part where he calls himself an asshole. As we contemplate the 4th installment, and (unbelievably} the 30th year in which this fucking alien rears his head, a brief note. Okay, not that brief. I like to choke people with paper. Memos, thoughts… all by way of getting us on the same page; I'll let you into my process—and, in turn, invite whatever you're willing to share. The goal? Commonality. A mission statement, prior to February 20th. [Ed note: The first day of shooting.] Let's get to it. For starters—in one of those odd unintended coincidences, the movie's plot is about "updating" the current model; using recombinant DNA to evolve a better, latter-day take on the classic Predator. Which, not coincidentally, is exactly the alchemy we're attempting. And no better place to start, I think, than a conversation about hybrids. THE NICE GUYS, director Shane Black, on set, 2016. ph: Daniel McFadden / © Warner Bros. / courtesy Everett CollectionEverett Collection If this were entirely a horror film, we'd have a much easier go of it; that's a traveled path, plenty of signage. Likewise, if it were just an action movie—we'd strut our melancholy, macho selves into the gunfire, and call it a day. We're doing both. The first Predator film (circa 1987) offers as good a template as any. It's unmistakably a hybrid—combining the 1980s Alien/Terminator craze and the Commando/First Blood craze. Turns out it's also a lot of folks' favorite film; this, despite being closer to John Carpenter's The Thing, perhaps, than to Jurassic World. On the one hand, it's a lark. Everyone loves the tough-guy zingers, for instance ("I ain't got time to bleed…") Yet, another look at that film reveals a somber, surprisingly nihilistic side. The characters are sweating and afraid; their tormenter is rarely seen, merely glimpsed. And, of course, they all fucking die—save, of course, for a shell-shocked, possibly insane Schwarzenegger. Humor and despair. Heroism amidst futility. Mounting dread, mixed with just the slightest wink to the audience (it being Schwarzenegger, after all). It's a seldom seen combination which, in its purest form, brought us Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. And, to that point— THE BECKONING The surest way to stay on top, I believe, is to remember to touch bottom—to find what's mythic here. To that end, 30 years of marinating in the zeitgeist only helps us. Previous Predator sequels exist; see them, enjoy them—and know we're aiming higher. A brief word, if you will, about myth: There's the story of a man out for a Sunday drive with his family, who, upon seeing a man dangling helplessly from a nearby cliff, promptly slams on his brakes, leaps from the car— Leaves behind his wife and two children and dashes to the rescue. He climbs down, clutching bits of brush… pulls the helpless man to safety. Nearly kills BOTH of them. Joseph Campbell comments on this situation: why, with his own family to think of, would a man risk near death to protect a random stranger—leaving his own kids fatherless? Possibly, says Campbell, because myth trumps logic and even self-preservation. Our Sunday driver didn't know it, but he was looking at an UNFINISHED MYTH: a perilous situation, old as time… with a missing element—a hole, if you will, in the pattern. The driver's new job, instantly acquired, was to complete the picture by providing RESCUER to the tapestry. His brain saw a missing piece; the need to complete the myth was compelling, unavoidable. It wakes up in us. This desire to fulfill the narrative that we all know, deep inside. To recognize, amidst everyday blah, the undeniable moments when we STEP INTO A STORY; one with rules and obligations. The shadow of who we CAN be beckons. Ha—two pages in, and the bullshit's flowing. NICE. The broken soldiers in our story are unignited flares. Dud grenades, overlooked—but still dangerous. Myths-in-training, looking for a kick-start. THIS IS A WESTERN Myth embodied imperfectly; in cracked, simple vessels. Knights in tarnished armor. This is our landscape, I think. Concerning the Western: Interesting fact (to me): American fiction boasts two specific protagonists indigenous to our great country: namely, the cowboy and the private eye. Until relatively recently, there was no ‘Westerns’ shelf in a Dutch bookstore (although they did beat us to porn) and similarly, the tough detective—popularized by Hammett, honed by Chandler and perfected by Ross Macdonald is likewise an American creation. A consequence of our cowboy past. It's no coincidence that the same authors who penned the first hardboiled P.I.· stories in the '30s alternately pumped out westerns to equally rabid demand. The interesting thing (to me) is how the p.i. genre started with streetwise, world-weary pragmatists—a no-nonsense "kind of red-tape-cutting justice—AND THEN, SOMETHING ELSE BECAME APPARENT: These same no-nonsense heroes became the perfect venue for existential themes and stories. Sometimes the best way, it seemed, to tell an existential story was to assign it not to a philosopher/protagonist but rather to a JOE, a regular guy, who believes in the value of being unimaginative. LOVELY. NO COWBOY BOOKS IN DUTCH. WHAT'S YOUR POINT? I'm getting there. Put a different way: poor writing often consists of stating a simple thought in unnecessarily flowery and convoluted language. Conversely, good writing often occurs when a character of few words, of limited vocabulary, must struggle to express a complex idea; a vaguely-glimpsed bit of existential insight. Our characters fall into this latter category. Gunslingers will once again walk this landscape. They just don't know they're gunslingers. They may not even realize they have a creed. YOU OKAY THAT THE HEROES ARE ALL HEAD CASES? I got no problem with that, so long as it doesn't interfere with their being cool. AND BY "COOL," I ASSUME YOU MEAN THAT MANIC, SLIGHTLY WARPED YET EFFORTLESSLY SLICK BUTTON-DOWN MACHO STYLE, ENDEMIC TO THE ‘70S. Sure. Whatever you say. The MEN in this movie are going to be great. The loose-limbed, rumpled charm of them. I SEE. YOU DO KNOW THERE'S A WOMAN ON THE TEAM, TOO? No, I fucking forgot, of course I know—same knighthood, different sex. This movie is about evolving, about becoming. Last I looked, that's not gender-specific. The men and women exhibit a common trait—they scratch their head at the world they inhabit, they're an imperfect fit. I BELIEVE THE WORD IS "MISFIT." Yes, it is. Are you going to keep being an asshole? YES. I BELIEVE SO. Fine, whatever. To wit: the first misfit I ever conceived on film was the character played by Mel Gibson in Lethal Weapon. I wrote it as a Frankenstein story, if that makes sense. PRECIOUS LITTLE. Fine, I'll spell it out, walk you through my thinking back then. OBOY. HERE WE GO... You got a guy, in Vietnam he's a gunslinger. Now, back home, he’s out of his element, sitting in a Denny's surrounded by complacent, whining families… people who feel shrouded, safe. He's seen and done things no one can feasibly bear -- and he's a monster to his neighbors. A freak. A rusty, violent dinosaur in an age when the gunslingers are fading; Dodge City is gentrified. They think the gunslinger's time is past. They can afford to. They spit on our Frankenstein, they call him babykiller. Except our Frankenstein knows a secret. Violence never sleeps. All the PTA meetings in the world won't convince him the war's over. It just goes in waves. So he watches bad TV, and drinks. It's easy, and it doesn't distract him. He toasts the ten dead guys who deserve his medal more than him. Come to find Dodge City's civilized veneer is just that; thin, illusory. Sure enough, violence notices the soft suburbs… BOOM. Now, the citizens are hit and bleeding, and they all come to Frankenstein's cage, and say, "Hey, we were wrong - we reviled you, called you a monster… but now we NEED you. You see—you know all the things we've forgotten." In a pinch, they always default to the Frankenstein… who knew all along. Our faded gunslinger. A misfit with a skill-set. He can subvert it, throttle it, upend a truckload of Scotch in a frantic attempt to drown it… …and yet it lingers. His armor is old, ugly, and rusted… but armor it is, in the final analysis. Knights have that. The misfit as hero is the difference that I hope we can bring to our new, updated entry in the Predator saga. The biggest divergence, perhaps, from previous Predator movies lies in our choice of soldiers; the "greener, leaner, misdemeanor" version, so to speak, of Arnold's crack anti terror squad from 1987. They've been counted out, to a man, by the established order. Marginalized and mothballed. It's unclear whether some have committed crimes (that said: important that we not portray them as criminals -- this is not a prison bus they're on.) The first Predator script offered little or no clue, going into production, as to any distinction between characters, beyond the weapons they carried (or, in my case, the glasses they wore}. Their initial dialogue was all but interchangeable and usually involved the word, "Foxtrot." It is my goal to cast a noir net over the whole wriggling bunch of you, and, with your help… embrace the notion of elevating this material. The goal? To offer up entirely unlikely heroes. The least qualified bunch, in many ways, to undertake a task even the army and CIA are ill-equipped to handle. I've always found beginning a story (that mocking blank page} to be altogether frightening. What I do, is all I know to do: I continue to type until I am distracted by something which, for that brief second, is momentarily of more interest than my own fear. Sometimes? All that's required is a glance at the taped message above my desk, which reads, simply: "Schmuck—this is important." Fear and purpose can't live in the same room; in that vein, it will be fun to find the instances where our broken soldiers are snapped out of dissonance— The moments in which (albeit briefly} the spit-in-the-wind grin emerges to trump fear; in which implicit knowledge trumps uncertainty. In which they remember they're gunslingers. A WORD ON ACTION CLICHE$... And what we make of them. Me, I'd lobby for standing them on their head whenever the chance presents itself (you can't do it all the time, of course, or it becomes predictable; itself, a cliche.) There's an oft-repeated beat in tough-guy movies, usually during an interrogation scene: the bad guy is slumped in a chair, sullen. He won't talk. So our lead says, "Memory not so good, huh? How about now?" He puts a single bullet in the chamber of a six-shooter, points it and –- click --! The bad guy freaks: “STOP! STOP! What are you, fucking crazy!?? I'll talk!!" All in good fun. Except, it occurred to me: what if instead of click-! the gun went BANG and blew the guy's head off, first try? I used this gag in a film called Kiss Kiss, Bang Bang and it got a good response—because of the expectation in the audience's head. They were going: CLICK. The movie went bang. Truthfully, there's a lot of awkwardness in violence. I hope we can sell not just our heroes' slickness and skill— But the haphazard nature of it. The seat-of-the-pants, "can't believe-THAT-fucking-worked" aspect. That too. At any rate, I'm hoping we can start to assemble on the same page. I urge you, don’t be silent. Speak up. I'm more than willing to take credit for any good idea, especially yours. I'm also more than aware that it's not my 40-foot ass up on screen, it's yours; I will do my best to honor you. My number is: --- --- ----. Don't be a stranger. Related Stories for GQMoviesEntertainmentCelebrities	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9256
__label__wiki	0.844926	0.844926	Hits & Misses: JBS and employees step up to help out less fortunate Opinion \| November 29, 2019 Greeley Tribune Editorial Board A City of Greeley snowplow plows the westbound lanes of 20th Street during a winter storm in Greeley Tuesday, Nov. 26, 2019. The storm is expected to dump at least a foot of snow on Greeley by Tuesday night and caused the closure of school districts, the Greeley and Weld County government offices, and the University of Northern Colorado. (Alex McIntyre/amcintyre@greeleytribune.com) There are many levels of donations to the United Way of Weld County, big and small. JBS USA just took community support a huge step higher, raising $406,555 this year for the organization that provides financial assistance to area nonprofits. That’s some serious cash. The amount was raised in several ways, with an annual golf tournament, a corporate contribution to be a Cornerstone Partner helping cover operating costs so more donations can go to charities, from its company employees supporting Colorado Reading Corps tutors to Greeley-Evans School District 6. Share your reaction Do you agree or disagree with the Greeley Tribune editorial board? Send us a letter to the editor. It’s welcome to see JBS recognize that many of its employees at its meat processing plants here are themselves recipients of aid from various Weld county assistance programs. It’s great that JBS steps up in such a big way to be a strong corporate citizen and supporting the United Way at this level. Storm response lessened its impact To hear the excited forecasts of TV meteorologists, this week’s storm was going to bury Northern Colorado in a blizzard of historical proportions. In the end, we didn’t get the possible 18 inches of snow that was predicted, but got a solid, wind-driven 10 inches of fairly wet stuff. What’s telling is the lack of big headlines as the storm receded. There were no major problems in the Greeley area, no people stuck for hours in drifts, or injured in horrific crashes. The worst sufferers were those trying to get to and from places east of here, after every major highway heading that way was closed for many hours. Thanks to good planning and execution, we weathered the snow dump without missing a beat. Fortunately local K-12 schools were already closed for their Thanksgiving break. Many government and private offices closed, as well, to let their staffs head home safely, and keep people from driving in who shouldn’t. City, county and state road clearing crews hit it hard early and often to keep major arterials safely scraped clear. While we poke some fun at how zealously meteorologists forecast bad weather, their thorough and early reports gave us all plenty of advance warning. And, with a little surprise, we reported that most people who could stay off the roads did, and those who drove allowed for the conditions and traveled safely enough to not risk their lives or those of fellow drivers. Collins excelled beyond the win-loss totals There’s an obvious way to judge if a college football coach is successful or not. The main measure is always out there for everyone to see and cheer or curse: the win-loss record. When it’s good, coaches are heroes. When it’s bad, they’re expendable. University of Northern Colorado football coach Earnest Collins Jr. paid the price for being on the wrong end of the win-loss ratio and was told he would not be leading the team next season. During his UNC tenure, his Bears won just 28 games while losing 72. While there were some brighter moments, such as winning seasons in 2015 and 2016, this year’s season record dwindled to just 2-10. This, of course, isn’t the only measure of a coach, and Collins earned respect for the others — the way he led his players and encouraged them to volunteer in the community and guided them to improving their grades and graduation rates. When Collins spoke of his players as students as well as athletes, it was clear that came from the heart and he meant every word of it. He earned well-deserved respect for that. We all recognize that it’s a tough job trying to recruit quality players to a small program at a lesser-known university. It becomes even harder to recruit when a team wins so few of its games and there doesn’t seem to be the chances of it improving. UNC leadership will go on the hunt for another head football coach, one with the skills to turn the program around. Bears’ fans would love to see the college find a coach with those abilities, combined with the concern for the student-athletes that Collins displayed while here. Big Boy locomotive roars in for a visit Local railroad fans were joined by many others this week as Big Boy 4014 stopped and paid a call in Greeley. Surely you know that Big Boy 4014 was one of 25 massive steam locomotives built for Union Pacific Railroad in the 1940s. There are only seven of these behemoths — weighing in at a bulky 1.2 million pounds over a 132-foot frame — still being maintained by UP and running today. Big Boy 4014 was retired December 1961 after traveling 1,031,205 miles over 20 years. The train returned to service May 2019 after a full restoration to celebrate the 150th Anniversary of the Transcontinental Railroad’s completion. We’re delighted that Greeley and its rail heritage are recognized by UP and Big Boy 4014 pulls in here for a visit alongside the popular Colorado Model Railroad Museum. It helps put Greeley on the map as a place for rail fans to visit. Kelly Geary Agnew, director of content, kagnew@greeleytribune.com Bryce Jacobson, publisher, bjacobson@greeleytribune.com Jerry Martin, content manager, jmartin@greeleytribune.com Bart Smith, former publisher, BartSmith@swiftcom.com Dick Bond, community representative Ruth Sens, community representative Sandra Wilmoth, community representative Greeley Tribune Opinion: Breaking down Gov. Polis’ State of the State, and how it affects Greeley, Weld County When Colorado Gov. Jared Polis gave his State of the State address earlier this month, it covered a wide variety of topics, all of them important to the future of our state. Greeley Tribune Opinion: High hopes for variety when new businesses come to town Hits & Misses: Accomplishments of Greeley K9s are impressive Greeley Tribune Opinion: No excuse not to test for radon Greeley Tribune Opinion: Bittersweet Park project an example of excellent planning What non-chain business would you like to see come to Greeley? Local sit-down restaurant Local retail boutique Locally owned fitness studio None. All chains, all the time.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9262
__label__wiki	0.563931	0.563931	Home / News / emissions VW diesel settlement: progress being made on details, judge says John Voelcker May 26, 2016 Comment Now! The Federal judge overseeing negotiations toward a U.S. settlement of the Volkswagen diesel-emission cheating scandal said Tuesday that good progress was being made toward reaching a final resolution by June 21. The Environmental Protection Agency and Volkswagen are on track to file a final agreement for public comment, said U.S. District Judge Charles Breyer. But a number of issues remain to be worked out, including the amounts of fines to be paid by the automaker for willfully violating U.S. emission laws for eight years. DON'T MISS: VW diesel agreement: what we know (and don't know) in 5 questions The settlement will cover 482,000 Volkswagen and Audi TDI diesel cars fitted with 2.0-liter turbodiesel four-cylinder engines. Cars and SUVs from VW, Audi, and Porsche that were fitted with a larger 3.0-liter V-6 turbodiesel are the subject of completely separate settlement negotiations. In the case of the TDI four-cylinder diesels, the settlement will require VW to buy back the affected cars or modify them so they comply with U.S. emission laws. Consumer Reports tests 2015 Volkswagen Jetta TDI diesel in 'cheat mode,' October 2015 [video frame] VW will also have to pay "substantial" fines, and separately, fund additional measures to mitigate environmental damage by motor vehicles within the U.S. Judge Breyer issued his interim report on Tuesday morning; it was covered that day by Reuters and many other news outlets. In it, he praised the efforts of all the attorneys involved in working toward a settlement, as well as Special Master Robert Mueller. WATCH THIS: CARB Shows Test Equipment That Found VW Diesel Defeat Device (Video) All parties have devoted "extensive daily efforts" to the negotiations, Breyer said. Following the release of the judge's report, Volkswagen Group of America released the following statement: Volkswagen is pleased that we continue to make progress in our discussions with U.S. government agencies, regulators and the Plaintiffs' Steering Committee, and is working to finalize the agreements in principle, as directed by the Court. 2012 Volkswagen Passat TDI Six-Month Road Test These agreements in principle are an important step on the road to making things right, as we work to earn back the trust of our customers, dealers, regulators and the American public. We also continue to work expeditiously on an approved solution for 3.0L V-6 engine TDI vehicles. Our customers in the United States do not need to take any action at this time, and we thank them for their continued patience. Assuming the proposed settlement is released on schedule on June 21, owners, regulators, and other parties will have five weeks to comment on its details. CHECK OUT: These engineers uncovered the VW diesel emission scandal Judge Breyer has set July 26 as the day for all parties to agree to a final settlement. The Volkswagen diesel scandal has led to increased focus on both emissions and fuel-economy testing among automakers globally. Several other manufacturers are now being investigated over allegations that their vehicles emit far more in real-world usage than is permitted under law, even though they may have successfully passed specific tests. Diesel Cars emissions Green Cars News TDI Volkswagen diesel scandal Volkswagen News VW John Voelcker - Contributor	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9264
__label__wiki	0.500169	0.500169	Florence Grovida Gardening Black Berries Berry Boosters Acai, Maqui And Many Other Popular Berries That Will Change Your Life And Health. Berries have been demonstrated to be some of the healthiest foods on the planet. Each month or so it seems fresh research is being brought out and new berries are being exposed and analyzed for their health giving attributes. Sweet and Crunchy Growing Fruits Berries and Nuts Last Updated on Sun, 02 Sep 2018 \| Gardening Guide S omegrown fruit, berries, and nuts take more time and care than some V rn other kinds of gardening. Although soft fruits like strawberries, grapes, and raspberries yield delicious results within few months or less, tree fruits and nuts require more patience and can take several years to be productive. Fruits and nuts also require a different sort of preparation than trees and bushes that don't bear them. But at harvest time, the work is all worth it In almost every region of North America, you can find a type of fruit or nut (or variety of fruit or nut) that's well-adapted and fairly easy to grow. Note Many gardeners collectively group fruits, berries and nuts together as a topic because the cultivating methods are similar for all of them. So for the sake of making the descriptions in this chapters simple, when I mention fruit, please keep in mind that I mean fruit, berries, and nuts unless I say otherwise. Also, all of the fruit-bearing plants in this chapter, except strawberries,... Where to plant Strawberries Last Updated on Sat, 02 Jan 2016 \| Growing Strawberries Strawberries prefer to grow in any soil which is not too alkaline, too dry, or in need of drainage. The best is a light, rich loam with plenty of humus and a pH factor between 5 and 6. If you are planning on planting Strawberries in the spring, prepare their bed the previous fall on a plot which has been cultivated for at least two years. A site which slopes slightly is best because of the perfect drainage it will naturally provide. And a southern exposure greatly assists with the earlier formation of blossoms and fruit. Be careful, though, if late frosts are prevalent in your area, as the southern exposure may fool you and cause you to remove the mulch too early. Currants and Gooseberries Last Updated on Sat, 02 Jan 2016 \| Growing Fruit Unlike most other fruits, currants and gooseberries grow well in partial shade. They prefer cool, moist locations on a north slope or the northern side of a building, for example. Currants and gooseberries prefer rich soil with a high water-holding capacity. To prepare your site, incorporate organic matter well ahead of planting, particularly if you have light, sandy soil. Currants and gooseberries (Ribes species) are hardy and easy to grow. Their sweet-tart fruits make excellent jams, pies, and jellies, and they are popular ornamental plants. Although many people today are unfamiliar with these fruits, New Yorkers grew 2,700 acres of them in the 1920s. Strawberries in Pots Barrels Last Updated on Fri, 22 Sep 2017 \| Growing Strawberries \| 3 comments Strawberries can be grown in barrels, in special strawberry pots, on movable strawberry walls, and in hanging baskets if you should need to move them around to keep them in the sun. Strawberries need good drainage and a soil with plenty of humus. You can grow them from healthy plants bought from nurseries or garden centers, or the plantlets that form on the varieties with long runners can be pegged down to form new plants that are planted out in the summer. Strawberries must be protected from frost when they are flowering and fruiting. They should also not be kept for more than 3 years as virus diseases are likely to occur. It's best to burn the old plants, and then plant out new. Place the barrel in a sunny location and keep it well watered once growth starts, being sure to add manure or fertilizer in mid-spring. The strawberries will grow and run all over the barrel. A Strawberry Wall is made of a framework of wire mesh. Strawberries are planted at the bottom and trained to climb up... Last Updated on Sat, 02 Jan 2016 \| Growing Strawberries \| 1 comment Mmmm Strawberries There's just nothing that can beat their taste early on a summer's morning. Strawberries are hardy, perennial herbs grown throughout the United States, Canada, Alaska and parts of the Yukon. They thrive best in cool, moist areas, but, with special treatment, can even grow in the hot, Gulf states. Keeping current with currants and gooseberries Last Updated on Sun, 28 Jul 2019 \| Gardening Guide A mainstay in European gardens and gaining popularity in North America, currants and gooseberries (Ribes species) make excellent jams, jellies, and dessert berries. The U.S. government at one time banned growing this group of ornamental and delicious fruits, because Ribes species contribute to a deadly white pine disease called white pine blister rust. Several states still restrict the sale and transport of Ribes, although disease-resistant varieties, which eliminate the problem, are now available. Use currents and gooseberries as ornamental landscape shrubs. They bear attractive flowers and fruit, have maple-shaped leaves, and remain 3 to 4 feet high. Gooseberries do have thorns, however, so choose their planting locations carefully. Plant the plants 3 to 4 feet apart in fertile, well-drained, compost-enriched soil with a pH of 6 to 7. Full sun to light shade is best. Most plants in this group are hardy to Zone 3, but spring frost may damage the early flowers. In very cold regions,... Day Neutral Strawberries Unlike the common June-bearing strawberries discussed above, day-neutral strawberries flower and produce fruit anytime temperatures are between 35 and 85 degrees F. Instead of a bumper crop in June and July, harvest is spread out through the summer to as late as October, and plants yield well during the planting year. Because they do not send out runners as profusely as June bearers, you need to manage them differently. Figure 19. You can plant day-neutral strawberries in single rows (a), but staggered double rows (b) are more productive. Early care. Day-neutral strawberries prefer the same soil and sites as their June-bearing cousins. Plant them in the early spring, at the same time as June-bearing strawberries. They also are ideal for growing as annuals in containers. Day-neutral cultivars do not produce runners profusely, so matted-row management is not practical. Instead, plant them closer together about 5 to 9 inches apart in rows about 42 inches apart. Remove runners for the... Tomato and mascarpone ice cream with raspberries Last Updated on Wed, 20 Nov 2019 \| Growing Tomatos 8oz (2 50g) ripe tomatoes, peeled, seeded, and finely diced (mild-tasting varieties such as yellow or vine-ripened cherry tomatoes work best) 1 2 cup fresh raspberries 1 Put the tomatoes and raspberries in a glass bowl. Toss in the sugar and Amaretto. Chill until needed. Last Updated on Sat, 02 Jan 2016 \| Growing Fruits The common elder (.Sambucus nigra) is a deciduous tree native to Europe, western Asia and parts of northern Africa and now grows wild over much of the USA and Canada. The shiny purple-black blue or red berries are widely used in preserves, and both the fruit and flowers are popular for making wine. The plant grows as a large shrub or small tree and is often considered too wild and vigorous for the garden. Its new woody growth gives off an unpleasant smell and was used in the past as a fly-repellent. In the northern USA, the American or sweet elder (5. canadensis) is widely grown and several improved clones are available. They have an extremely high Vitamin C content. Depending on the variety, they grow from zones 3-9, but are not common in zones 5-8. Plant in early spring in soil where no strawberries, brambles, or crops in the tomato family (including potatoes, peppers, and eggplants) have been grown for several years. Strawberries are shallow rooted. Keep plants well watered, especiallyjust after planting. Because they bear early and are relatively easy to grow, strawberries are a great crop for you to start with in your home fruit planting. Strawberries are the most widely grown fruit crop in the world. They can flourish from tropical highlands to subarctic regions. The plants are hardy throughout New York State (if managed and mulched correctly) and can tolerate a wide range of soil types. Strawberries provide more vitamin C than oranges and have fewer calories than most other fruits (see Table i, page 1). Day-neutral cultivars, which bear fruit from June through October in the Northeast, are now available (see the section Day-Neutral Strawberries starting on page 62). The section below discusses traditional June-bearing... TYPES or GOOSEBERRIES TYPES or GOOSEBERRIES Like currants, gooseberries are alternate hosts of white pine blister rust and can be planted only in areas where this disease is not a problem. The local state agricultural extension service or forestry department should be contacted before ordering plants. Last Updated on Sun, 28 Jul 2019 \| Growing Fruit \| 1 comment Mulberry flowers are small and inconspicuous. The fruits are numerous and resemble slender blackberries. They do not ripen all at once, but when they are ready they drop from the tree. They can be gathered by covering the ground with a sheet or canvas and shaking the tree. The fruits are used for jelly, wine, and desserts. The fruits also attract birds in large numbers and can be messy, making the tree unsuitable for public spaces. Plant mulberries to draw birds away from the fruit crops. Last Updated on Sat, 02 Jan 2016 \| Berries and Nuts \| 4 comments Raspberries are the hardiest of the cane berries, and perhaps the most worthwhile home garden crop for several reasons. Prices for the market fruit are high because care and labor are expensive, and market raspberries are subject to a long enough holding and handling period that fruit loses its finest flavor and may be bruised. Home garden fruit can be eaten at its peak. The red raspberry is the most popular, but raspberries come in a variety of colors and plant forms red, purple, yellow, and black fruits, with the red and yellow fruits growing either one or two crops on stiff canes and the purple and black fruits growing one crop on trailing canes. Because they are trailing, purples and blacks require trellising. One-crop (single crop) raspberries produce fruit on canes that grew the previous year. Two-crop (everbearing) raspberries produce some fruit at the top of current-season canes in fall, and then produce a second crop on the rest of the cane the following year. Raspberries are... Last Updated on Sun, 21 May 2017 \| Berries and Nuts \| 2 comments Blueberries demand the right climate and planting soil but take very little care if you provide suitable conditions. They are about as hardy as a peach but need a fair amount of win Blueberries belong to the heath family and count azaleas, rhododendrons, mountain laurel, and huckleberries among their cousins. If any of these grow naturally near your garden, or if you have prepared an artificial site that suits them, then blueberries will also do well. Blueberries like soil rich in organic material such as peat very acid, but extremely well drained. Such soils are found in areas of high rainfall, which is lucky, since the berries need constant moisture, There are major commercial plantings of blueberries in sandy soils in New Jersey, especially Burlington and Atlantic Counties in certain areas of Michigan in Washington and Oregon and to a certain extent in New York, Massachusetts, and Indiana. Southern gardeners have a choice of two kinds of blueberries, depending on climate. The... Last Updated on Mon, 22 Feb 2016 \| Berries and Nuts \| 2 comments Berries are tempting to grow because most offer rich rewards for a small investment of time and space. A little sunlight and a pot, for example, are all you need to grow a crop of luscious strawberries. In considering berries you must work out the space and number of plants needed for a reasonable supply of fruit. If the plants are right for your climate and are given excellent care, the number of plants necessary to supply a family of five would be something like this Strawberries 26 (20-30 quarts) Raspberries 24 (20-30 quarts) Blackberries 12 (10-15 quarts) Blueberries 4 (15-17 quarts) Currants 3 (10-12 quarts) Gooseberries 3 (10-12 quarts) Strawberries are without question the easiest plants to work into any space you may have available. On a south-facing apartment terrace you can produce a crop in containers such as strawberry jars or moss-lined wire strawberry trees. An ideal plant for containers, where you can find it, is the European wild strawberry, or raise de bois. This... Blackberries and raspberries are closely related and have similar growing requirements, but blackberries are larger and more vigorous, and some varieties are less hardy. Blackberries come in two fairly Blackberries like a light, well-drained soil with a high moisture-holding capacity. Do not plant them where tomatoes, potatoes, or eggplants have grown previously, since the site may be infected with verticillium wilt and the berries cannot grow there. The stiff-caned berries need no support, but can be confined between two wires to save space. Trailing blackberries should be cut to the ground after fruiting and the clippings destroyed to reduce the chances of spreading disease. New growth that sprouts during the last part of summer will fruit the following year. If you disturb or cut roots of blackberries they will sucker badly. If you want more plants, chop off pieces of root beside the parent plants and set them in the new planting site like seed. If you don't want more plants, mulch... Highbush Cranberries Highbush cranberries (also known as American cranberry bush) are in the same family as elderberries. The size and color of the fruit are the only characteristics this species has in common with commercial cranberries. Growing Highbush Cranberries Highbush cranberries are very winter hardy and grow well in Zones 2 to 7. They are easy to transplant, grow in both sun and partial shade, and perform well on a wide range of soils. They tend to decline if subjected to too much moisture stress. Most highbush cranberries are sold simply as the species, but some culti-vars are available. Wentworth, Andrews, and Hahs were selected for their high-quality fruit. Sublime strawberries Wed, 13 Jun 2018 \| Gardening Guide Probably the most popular small fruits for the home garden, strawberries are also among the hardest to grow organically. Strawberries have many insect pests and diseases that damage plants and berries alike. Establishing your planting in well-drained, fertile soil and maintaining a weed-free patch are essential for success. You can choose among three kinds of strawberries, depending on when you want fruit. Consult your local extension office or nurseries for the best varieties for your area. Also see the Surfing for small fruits sidebar in this chapter. June-bearing varieties produce one large crop of berries in late spring to early summer. Day-neutral berries, the newest type, can produce fruit continuously throughout the growing season. Diseases and insect pests that prey on strawberries One of the most serious insect pests that affect strawberries is the tarnished plant bug, which can severely damage the developing fruit. These insects spend the winter in plant debris and live on... Buffaloberries Sat, 13 Apr 2019 \| Growing Fruit Early settlers served the berries as a sauce with buffalo meat. They can be dried and stored or used in jellies, sauces, and conserves. Their agreeable flavor lends well to out-of-hand eating, but harvest is difficult due to the 1- to 2-inch thorns. Like legumes, these plants fix nitrogen from the atmosphere. A related species, the russet buffaloberry (Shepherdia canadensis) is thorn-less but has bitter, sour berries. Using established plants Last Updated on Tue, 27 Dec 2016 \| Growing Strawberries If an old strawberry bed is being used for a permanently mulched bed, preparation of the bed begins with the harvesting of this year's strawberries. As the picker harvests, he marks with pegs or plant markers the beast-bearing plants in each row, trying to space markers about 10-12 inches apart. When all berries have been harvested, all the unmarked plants are pulled out and mulch is removed. Well-rotted manure, compost, decomposed sawdust, plus cottonseed meal or enriched leaf mold are then worked into the top layer of soil. If the soil is too alkaline, a generous amount of peat moss is incorporated around each plant. The soil is smoothed out, and a six inch mulch is again placed around plants which are ready to form runners. Control Those Weeds Last Updated on Sun, 23 Oct 2016 \| Growing Blueberries Protect blossom and tender shoots from frost with garden fleece (see classified pages) Ventilate covered strawberries for pollination and disease control De-blossom perpetual strawberries until late May Continue pest and disease control, except during flowering There is, though, another factor to consider. In the case of strawberries and young raspberry plantings, the root disturbance caused by hoeing can be seriously damaging to the plants. Similarly, although digging out perennial weeds is the preferred method of control, it also can be damaging to crop roots. Bird and Rodent Control Last Updated on Sat, 02 Jan 2016 \| Growing Blueberries Birds are a common pest of blueberries. Their impact varies, depending on location and bird density. Oregon reported up to 60 crop loss from birds.(Main et al., circa 2000) In a Florida study (Main et al., circa 2000), blueberries protected with bird netting yielded the same as those unprotected. Various methods of control have been tried including scare-eye balloons, Mylar reflective tape, and sonic devices with varying levels of success. The problem with most repellents or scare tactics is that birds become habituated to the stimulus, rendering it ineffective after a short time. Sometimes, growers overcome this problem by changing the stimulus frequently e.g., switching from balloons to Mylar tape, or moving the balloons from one site to another. Properly applied bird netting has provided consistent and predictable control, but it is expensive to purchase and set up. At the time of this writing (2004), the cost for -inch bird netting 14 feet wide by 100 feet long is 85 plus shipping... Blueberry Fertilization Practices Last Updated on Wed, 09 Mar 2016 \| Growing Blueberries Once a blueberry planting is established, supplemental fertilization can be applied in a number of forms and by several means. Generally, supplemental nitrogen is the greatest concern, followed by potassium. Blueberries have a low phosphorus requirement and typically require little, if any, phosphorus fertilization. In fact, excessive phosphorus has been one of the factors linked to iron chlorosis in blueberries. High calcium levels are also undesirable. Nitrogen fertilizer recommendations vary somewhat from region to region. As a general guideline, 100 to 120 pounds of nitrogen per acre are commonly recommended on mulched berries a reduced rate of 50 to 60 pounds per acre is advised where little or no mulch is used.(Clark, 1987) In conventional production, nitrogen is often applied in three split applications one at bud break, followed by two more at six-week intervals. Adjustments may be necessary for less-soluble organic fertilizers. One rule of thumb suggests that these... The Importance of Soil pH Thu, 02 Mar 2017 \| Growing Blueberries Blueberries are distinct among fruit crops in their soil and fertility requirements. As members of the Rhododendron family, blueberries require an acidic (low pH) soil, preferably in the 4.8 to 5.5 pH range. When soil pH is appreciably higher than 5.5, iron chlorosis often results when soil Blueberries have a relatively low nitrogen requirement and thrive on organic fertilizers. Soil pH also plays a significant role in nitrogen management for blueberries. Research shows that blueberries prefer soil and fertilizer nitrogen in the ammonium form, absorbing and using it much more efficiently than nitrate nitrogen the form preferred by most other commercial crop plants. Neutral and high-pH soils favor nitrification the rapid conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate through the activity of nitrifying microorganisms. In an acidic soil, however, the ammonium form of nitrogen predominates and is readily available to blueberries. For instance, when a slow-release organic fertilizer like... Inrow Weed Management and Mulching Thu, 13 Jul 2017 \| Growing Blueberries In much of the country, blueberries are grown on mulched, raised beds. Rabbiteyes and old highbush plantings are commonly grown without mulch. Raised beds reduce the incidence of soil- and water-borne diseases. Thick organic mulches provide weed and disease suppression, soil temperature regulation, slow-release nutrients, organic matter, and moisture conservation. The latter is especially important because blueberry roots lack root hairs the primary sites for water and mineral absorption on most plants. This characteristic makes water management of paramount concern and goes a long way toward explaining why irrigation and mulching are recommended practices. The importance of maintaining a weed-free zone around blueberries was demonstrated in a Georgia study(NeSmith et al., 1995) using rabbiteye blueberries which have a more vigorous root system than highbush. Researchers determined While the mulch suppresses many weeds, the moist organic medium can also become a haven for annual weeds... Leafhopper Leafhoppers are small, mobile insects that are often found on stems or the undersides of leaves. They feed by piercing the plant surface to suck plant juices.(Elsner and Whalon, 1998) Leafhop-pers transmit a microorganism that causes stunt disease. In areas where stunt disease is a known problem, leafhopper control is suggested. The botanical pesticide sabadilla, as well as insecticidal soap and diatomaceous earth, are reported to be effective against these pests. Surround (for processing blueberries) and Neemix are registered for leafhopper control on blueberries. Kaolin clay in Surround can be used for suppression of leafhoppers on processing blueberries only. Highbush blueberries are typically spaced 4 to 4Vi feet in the row, with 8 to 12 feet between rows. As bushes can get quite large at maturity, many growers find that 10- to 12-foot row spacings approximately 900 to 1090 plants per acre are preferable for tractor operations (mowing, harvesting, and spraying). Rabbiteyes are typically spaced at 5 to 8 feet within a row, with 12 to 14 feet between the rows, or 388 to 726 plants per acre. Dr. J.N. Moore and others at the University of Arkansas have experimented with denser within-row plant spacings for highbush blueberries, effectively doubling the number of plants per acre. Yields during the first five years after planting were found to be substantially higher (a boon to the overall economics of blueberry produc-tion especially where growers have made high investments in drip irrigation and bird netting). These researchers have been careful to point out, however, that beyond the fifth year, inter-plant competition may create problems,... Last Updated on Fri, 04 Mar 2016 \| Growing Blueberries Bags of ericaceous compost are suitable for blueberries but some coarser material such as chipped conifer bark, mixed with it improves texture. Home-made compost tends to be too dense and often includes kitchen waste, which is not good for blueberries. These are equally suitable for an allotment, fruit and vegetable garden, or as an ornamental feature. Use railway sleepers, decking boards, bricks, rocks or even the very ornamental flint blocks. Fill to the brim with a mixture of garden soil (if not alkaline) and organic matter. Plant with a selection of highbush and half-high blueberries, and finish off with cranberries or even alpine strawberries as a carpet below them. Keep blueberries well watered, but not water-logged, with tap water if necessary, but rainwater is best. All blueberries need to have a winter chill in order to flower and fruit properly the following summer. They certainly don't need to be mollycoddled. However, if a big freeze is forecast it may be sensible to put... Last Updated on Thu, 12 May 2016 \| Growing Blueberries Were 20 to 100 higher than for conventional blueberries, depending on supply and demand. (Krewer, 2001) Highbush blueberries typically start producing in the third season, and yields increase annually for the next four years. At full capacity, blueberries yield about 3 tons per acre. As blueberries are expensive to establish and maintain, growers often do not realize a return on their capital investment until the seventh year. Well-maintained blueberry bushes remain productive for at least 15 to 20 years. Blueberries ripen fairly predictably, according to the region in which they are grown. In heavy bearing years, market prices can drop dramatically, with early-bearing regions faring well and late-bearing regions doing poorly. Harvest patterns follow a sequence beginning with rabbiteyes from Georgia and Texas, followed by highbush berries from North Carolina and the Southern Interior Highlands (Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Missouri). These are followed by the Northern Interior... Picking And Storing Blueberry fruit should be picked when it is blue all over, with not a hint of pink-ness near the stalk end, otherwise it may be sour or lacking in flavour. Once ripe blueberries will keep for a week or more, either on the bushes if the weather is not too baking hot, or in the fridge. They also freeze well. There are now three main groups of blueberries available North American highbush, which average 1.5m (5ft) at maturity, Half-high blueberries which grow up to about 1m (3ft 3in), and Southern highbush which vary greatly in height according to variety, but need less winter chilling than the others and are not really suitable for colder climates. Aphids have many natural enemies like ladybugs, lacewings, and parasitic wasps. Encouraging these natural enemies with habitat plantings can keep aphids and other pests on blueberries below economic thresholds. Remove the virus-infected plants, which will have bright red streaks or straplike leaves. Avoid overfertilization of the crop. Organic growers can also use insecticidal soap to control aphids. Cherry fruitworm The cherry fruitworm, Grapholitha packardi, which bores into the fruit and feeds extensively below the surface, can be very damaging to blueberries. It causes injury within a few days of hatching. This pest overwinters as mature larvae in hibernating structures on the blueberry bushes, with larvae pupating in the spring. The adults appear in about a month (this varies by seasonal conditions). Adult moths mate and lay eggs on unripe fruit. Cranberry fruitworm Particularly troublesome in the eastern U.S., the cranberry fruitworm, Acrobasis vaccinii, affects both cranberries and blueberries. It overwinters in the soil as a fully grown larva and completes development in the spring. Adult moths mate and lay eggs from bloom until late green fruit, usually on unripe fruit. The eggs are very small and difficult to see. Young larvae enter the stem end of the fruit and feed on the flesh. They often web berries together with silk. A Michigan study reports that many parasites attack the cranberry fruitworm. The most common larval parasitoid is Campoletis The biocontrol Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) can effectively control cranberry fruitworm. Make sure to use a Bt product approved for organic production. The spinosad insecticide Entrust (Dow AgroScience) is registered for use against the cranberry fruitworm and cherry fruitworm on blueberries. Leafroller Leafrollers are the caterpillars of a few species of small moths. These pests roll leaves (hence their name) to use as shelter during their metamorphosis. Adults emerge, mate, lay eggs, and then repeat the cycle at least twice each year. Larvae feed on green berries, ripe berries, and leaves. Small numbers of leafrollers (fewer than 15 per plant) usually will not cause significant losses, unless they are feeding on blossoms.(Elsner and Whalon, 1998) The pesticide Bt var kurstaki can be applied when insects are feeding. Additional organically accepted strains of Bt can be effective at egg hatch, becoming less effective as larval size increases. Neemix, a product containing azadirachtin, acts as an insecticide and insect growth regulator affecting young (1st and 2nd instar) caterpillar pests. It is registered for leafrollers on organic blueberries with an R (regulated) status. Blueberries are insect-pollinated thus, increasing the number of pollinators can be quite beneficial. Blueberry flowers vary greatly in size and shape, depending on species.(Lyrene, 1994) Therefore, having a variety of pollinators like horn-faced bees, mason bees, carpenter bees, bumblebees, orchard bees, and others is important for good fruit set. Serves As A Starter Last Updated on Fri, 28 Sep 2018 \| Growing Blueberries This rustic-looking pie is a real favourite of mine. And, as we have done a piece on blueberries this month (page 40), I thought I would indulge you and myself. One of the 'superfoods', blueberries add a contrasting sweetness to the tart cooking apples making for a delicious combination. 125g 4.2oz blueberries 70-100g 2J2-3J2oz soft brown sugar 2 tbsp cornflour grated zest and juice .K orange pinch of cinnamon 375g pack ready-rolled shortcrust pastry 450g 1lb Bramley 1 apples, peeled, cored and thickly sliced beaten egg, to glaze custard or cream, to serve 1 Preheat the oven to 220C gas 7 and lightly grease a large baking sheet. Mix together the blueberries, sugar, cornflour, orange zest and juice and cinnamon. 3 Bake the pie for 25-30min until the pastry is golden and the apples and blueberries are tender. Transfer to a serving plate and allow to cool slightly. Northern Highbush The earliest to ripen and can produce big berries, so it has its place but it is a gawky grower and the berries are not the most flavoursome. 'Bluetta'. Early. Much more compact, and some people categorise it as a half-high blueberry. It has moderate crops of medium-size berries, of reasonable flavour and it has brilliant red autumn colour. 'Nui'. Early. A recently introduced variety from New Zealand, with enormous berries of excellent flavour. Bushes are lower growing and more open in habit than most varieties. 'Duke'. Early. It is easy to manage as a tidy sturdy bush with large berries with good flavour unless picked too soon. Good red gold autumn colour. berries with a super flavour. Tidy upright bush. Bright red autumn colour. 'Bluecrop'. Mid-season. Reliable, heavy crops make this the most successful variety, commercially. Big, well flavoured berries on big vigorous bushes. Bright red autumn colour. 'Bluegold'. Mid-season. Termed 'the mortgage lifter' by... Foliar diseases This fungus overwinters in mummified berries that have fallen to the ground. Sod or moss directly under the plant will contribute to spore production. To control this fungus, remove infested fruit ( mummies ) from the plant, rake and burn mummified berries, or cover the fallen berries with at least two inches of mulch. Cultivation during moist spring weather will destroy the spore-forming bodies. Strategies that lead to early pollination of newly open flowers may be useful in managing mummy berry disease in the field, since studies show that newly opened flowers are the most susceptible to infection and that fruit disease incidence is reduced if pollination occurs at least one day before infection.(Ngugi et al., 2002) The fungus survives the winter on dead twigs and in organic matter in the soil. The disease is more severe when excessive nitrogen has been used, where air circulation is poor, or when frost has injured blossoms. Varieties possessing tight fruit clusters are particularly... The Japanese beetle larvae develop in pastures, lawns, and other types of turf, where they live in the soil. Adults emerge in early summer and feed on blueberry foliage and berries, causing injury to the berries, as well as decay from fruit-rotting pathogens. Some botanical insecticides such as rotenone can legally be used even on the day of harvest according to current label restrictions however, none have proven adequate for Japanese beetle control. Kaolin clay, available in the product Surround, can be used for suppression of the Japanese beetle only on blueberries that will be processed. Grey Mold Strawberry infection is most severe in well-protected, shaded areas of the plant where the humidity is higher and air movement is reduced. Berries resting on soil or touching another decayed berry or a dead leaf in dense foliage are most commonly affected. Often, the disease is not detected until berry picking time when due to harvesting, the handling of infected fruit will spread the fungus to healthy ones. Plant your strawberries as early in the spring as the soil can be worked - normally early March to early April. Test for workability by digging a shovel full of soil and tightly squeezing a handful. Does the ball of soil break easily If so, it is ready to till. Then fill the rest of the hole and firm the earth around the plant. An inverted berry box or basket placed over the newly planted strawberries will prevent drying during the first few days. With new plants As soon as the strawberries are set into place, the soil in the rows and in the paths are covered with a 6 inch layer of mulch, such as grass clippings, straw, ground corncobs, pine needles, or chopped leaves. Plants are well-watered, and are left to develop runners through their growing season. If new plants have been set, all fruit buds should be removed, to permit all the strength to go into runner development. Last Updated on Sun, 28 Jul 2019 \| Berries and Nuts \| 3 comments 'Buffalo' This grape ripens in midseason. It has fairly large clusters of reddish black berries and is a good grape for wine or juice. Cane prune this vigorous vine. Performs well in the Pacific Northwest. Origin New York. 'Catawba' Good for wine or juice, this red grape is a popular commercial variety. It requires a long season to ripen and will do well in southerly areas with the longest growing seasons. Thinning will hasten development. Widely available. Origin North Carolina. 'Cayuga White' This variety bears white grapes in tight clusters. They are of good dessert quality. Origin New York. 'Concord' This late grape is so well known and widely planted that it hardly needs description. Often the standard of quality in judging American grapes, the dark blue slipskin berries are rich in the characteristic foxy flavor, which is retained after processing. Widely available. Origin Massachusetts. 'Delaware' The clusters and berries of this major wine grape are small, good for wine and... Strawberry Products Grow Strawberries in a Small Space The Berry Terrace is only 6 feet in diameter, but its ingenious 3-tier design gives you enough growing space for over a bushel of delicious, juicy berries. It assembles easily without tools and includes a sprinkler system what a great value Makes it easy to grow your own strawberries Includes sprinkler system Sturdy aluminum frames are self-locking. Grandmother herself never made cheesecake like this. We use only the sweetest, most flavorful strawberries and swirl them into the New York batter. Your cake is fresh-cooled and rushed from the bakery to your doorstep in a special cool-pack container to ensure freshness. Insect Pests Rabbiteye blueberries seem more tolerant of insect damage than highbush varieties. Although insect damage in blueberry plantings rarely reaches economic thresholds, regular monitoring by scouting and use of insect traps is advised. As discussed in the previous section, the use of beneficial insect habitats along crop field borders increases the presence of beneficial insects. If you are releasing purchased beneficial insects, these field-edge habitats will encourage them to remain and continue their life cycle in that location, helping reduce the pest populations. However, pests may also inhabit the field-edge habitats therefore, these habitats should be monitored along with the crop field. For additional information, request ATTRA's publications Biointensive Integrated Pest Management and Farmscaping to Enhance Biological Control. Depending on the locations of blueberry plantings and the insect pressure on them, sanitation, good cultural practices, vigorous plant growth, and natural... Last Updated on Sun, 12 Jun 2016 \| Growing Blueberries Is favorable for the disease to develop. Changing one of these three factors may prevent the disease from occurring. Pathogens responsible for blueberry diseases include fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and viruses. If these pathogens are present, manipulation of the environment and the host, to make it less susceptible, help to manage diseases on blueberries in a more sustainable manner. Check with your nursery and local Extension office to see whether known diseases are prevalent in your area. Then, plant tolerant or resistant blueberry varieties. Diseases common to blueberries include mummy berry, Botrytis blight (gray mold), stem blight, stem canker, phytophthora root rot, blueberry Interrow Management Blueberries do not have extensive root systems. As a result, clean cultivation of row middles to control weeds and to incorporate cover crops is less damaging to blueberries than it is to bramble fruits. Still, it is wise to till no deeper than 3 inches. Similarly, inter-row living mulches also called sodded middles generally are not competitive with the crop unless the inter-row species are aggressive and invade the rows. Fescue is commonly used in the Mid-South for sodded middles, as are several other grass species. In a Texas study, researchers demonstrated that the inter-row area could be used to produce significant quantities of mulch for rabbiteye blueberries. Successful winter crops of rye, rye-grass, and crimson clover, and a summer crop of pearl millet, were grown, cut, and windrowed onto the blueberry rows. Nitrogen proved the major limiting factor for non-leguminous cover crops low soil pH and browsing deer limited the biomass production of legumes. Pearl millet... Choosing a Variety Blueberries are members of the genus Vaccinium and belong to the Rhododendron family (Ericaceae). The Vaccinium genus contains several species of economic importance. The highbush Blueberries have fewer pest problems than most other fruits, offering an advantage for organic production. In some areas, most insect and disease problems can be controlled through cultural manipulation and proper cultivar selection. Weather fluctuations and geographic seasonal advantage are the major economic considerations for variety selection. The National Organic Standard is unclear on the precise requirements for planting stock when establishing a perennial crop like blueberries. Historically, non-organic transplants could be used to establish perennial crops. However, if conventional planting stock were used, most certifiers required that the plants be grown at least 12 months under organic conditions after transplanting before any harvested product could be marketed as organic. It is likely, but not... Planting out blueberry bushes Last Updated on Sat, 02 Jan 2016 \| Gardening in Tropical Plant your blueberries during the winter months when the bushes are dormant. Space the bushes at 1.5 to 1.75 m intervals the bush will grow into a cone shape. Allow five metres between rows. The bush does develop slowly so you need patience. Dig a hole large enough to receive the root ball and set the plants slightly more deeply than they stood in the nursery containers. Blueberries are not self pollinating so more than one variety should be planted. Each variety will ripen at different times, spreading the harvest time over several weeks. Berries should appear in the second or third year and the bush matures in approximately seven years. During the first few years nip off the ends of the branches to encourage spreading. After approximately five years cut back the older wood to around 30 to 40 cm. This should again provide new wood and new shoots will emerge from ground level. Cut out any old twigs or dead wood which may appear. It is advisable to leave the bushes fairly open to avoid... Site Selection and Soil Preparation For best results, blueberries need a frost-free growing season of at least 140 days. Cultivars differ greatly in their susceptibility to winter injury. The condition of the wood also determines whether cold temperatures will injure the plants. Very vigorous plants that continue to grow late in the season are injured more easily than plants growing normally. Blueberries grow best on a sunny site in sandy peat soil, but they also do well in heavy soils if they are well-drained, aerated, and high in organic matter and receive adequate moisture. The most important requirement for growing blueberries is acidic soil. Few soils are naturally suitable for blueberry cultivation because the pH is above 5. If the pH of your soil is greater than 5 but less than 7, you can increase the acidity with applications of sulfur or acid peat. Soil acidity increases very slowly after applying sulfur, so it is important to test the soil and adjust the acidity and nutrient levels as needed the season before... Choosing Cultivars Last Updated on Sun, 12 Jun 2016 \| Growing Fruit Cultivars differ in the size, color, and flavor of their berries and when they ripen. Cultivars are self-fertile, but planting at least two different cultivars improves pollination and increases berry size. The following cultivars are listed by harvest period, from early- to late-ripening blueberries. (For an updated list of nurseries selling blueberry plants, see www.hort.cornell.edu nursery.) Earliblue hardy in Zones 5 to 7. Berries are large with light blue skin and have a soft flesh and mild flavor. The fruit does not shatter (drop easily) from the bush, and it is resistant to cracking. Plants are vigorous, productive, upright, and well shaped. Blueray hardy in Zones 4b to 7. Berries ripen in early midseason and are crack resistant and very large with medium-light blue skin, firm flesh, and a strong flavor and aroma. The plants are upright, spreading, and consistently productive. It overproduces (produces too much fruit, weakening the plant) unless carefully pruned. Berkeley hardy... Picking from the Berry Patch Last Updated on Sat, 02 Jan 2016 \| Gardening Guide Ew plants give you more bang for your buck than berries. Homegrown raspberries, strawberries, blueberries, and grapes take little space and return months of mouthwatering fruit salads, pies, pancakes, and fresh-eating goodness. Although less commonly grown, elderberries, currants, and some other small fruits make excellent landscape specimens, and turn out fruit fit for delicious jellies and other homemade treats. Because berries are perishable and the soft fruits are difficult to package and ship, supermarket berries are expensive and often past their prime. Also, conventionally grown grapes, raspberries, and strawberries are some of the most heavily sprayed food crops, making growing your own even more attractive. Some of these berries are easy to grow organically others present a real challenge. Choosing disease-resistant varieties, using the pest- and disease-control methods described in Part III, and planting correctly go a long way toward producing healthful, pesticide-free... Ingredients and Supplies Use the chart on the facing page to determine how much sulfur to add to lower the pH to about 5.5, which is low enough for blueberries and many other acid-lovers, Even if your soil isn't naturally acidic, you can grow acid-loving plants like azaleas, rhododendrons, or blueberries, says Dan Hartmann, general manager of Hartmann's Plantation in Grand Junction, Michigan. The secret is to add the right amount of sulfur to the soil to lower the pH. Dan explains how to figure out the right amount. Money and Time Demands Last Updated on Mon, 15 Jul 2019 \| Growing Fruit Home fruit growers may find it more difficult and expensive to grow high-quality tree fruit than small-fruit plants, such as strawberries, grapes, blueberries, and brambles. One reason for this is that many different pests and diseases plague tree fruits. Summer rainfall and high relative humidity favor the growth and spread of disease-causing organisms. Insects also are a challenge. Power-driven spray equipment is not practical for a small home planting, so getting spray into the canopy of a large fruit tree is difficult. Dwarf fruit trees are one solution because pesticides can be applied with hand-operated equipment. Berries and grapes have definite advantages for home gardening. They require a minimum of space for the amount of fruit produced, and they bear at an early age. Their small stature makes disease and insect control easier and less expensive than with most tree fruits. But do not assume that diseases and insects cause less damage to small-fruit plants than to fruit trees. Low SprayNoSpray Pest Management Last Updated on Tue, 12 Feb 2019 \| Growing Fruit Avoid planting fruits that require pesticides. In this regard, the apple cultivars Freedom and Liberty are superior to McIntosh, and blueberries are preferable to day-neutral strawberries. Trellis brambles and prune blueberries, brambles, currants, gooseberries, elderberries, and fruit trees annually to increase light penetration and air circulation. This can help reduce disease problems. Trellising also keeps fruit off the ground, reducing the likelihood of a dirty harvest. Harvest fruit as soon as it is ripe. Overripe fruit spoils, rots, and attracts insects. Grow Shrubs And Trees Last Updated on Sat, 02 Jan 2016 \| Favourite Flowers Whether it's bayberry's (Myrica pensy vanica) small blue berries, juniper's (Juniperus) sheltering foliage or privet's (Ligustrum) insect-rich leaf litter, shrubs give birds something to sing about. They also offer nesting sites, sleeping perches and caches of nest-building twigs. Holly ( ex) and firethorn (Pyracantha coccinea) offer both prickly cover and food. Trees such as oak (Quercus) summon nest-building tanagers, while dogwood (Cornus) offers fall berries for Eastern bluebirds. Food Glorious Food Growing Your Own Veggies Last Updated on Mon, 22 Feb 2016 \| Gardening Guide Or the cost of a packet of seeds, you can have your own, homegrown produce. The requirements are simple good soil, moisture, and full sun. This type of gardening is usually called vegetable gardening, even though it also involves growing items that are technically fruit, such as tomatoes and melons (Chapter 15 can fill you in on growing traditional fruits and berries). Growing your own produce or vegetables, as it were can be fun and fairly easy for the beginner gardener. This chapter gives you the basics. If you want even more information, please check out Vegetable Gardening For Dummies (Wiley Publishing, Inc.). Diseases and Pests Visit www.hort.cornell.edu diagnostic for assistance in diagnosing problems with currants and gooseberries. Currant aphids, leaf spot, and powdery mildew are the most common problems that plague currant and gooseberry plantings. All disfigure or damage the leaves and can cause defoliation. Powdery mildew. This fungal disease is a problem particularly on European gooseberries. In early summer a whitish, powdery growth appears on the surface of leaves, shoots, and branch tips. If left unchecked, the fungus can progress to the berries themselves. Later in the summer, the growth may turn from white to brown. Warm, humid conditions and poor air circulation favor powdery mildew. Prune and dispose of infected branch and shoot tips in early spring. Some home gardeners are experimenting with trellising gooseberries because it makes disease management and harvesting easier (see Figure 25). Certain horticultural oils (check labels) applied at the first sign of powdery mildew can prevent its... An integrated landscape Last Updated on Fri, 04 Mar 2016 \| Gardening Guide As an organic gardener, you're uniquely positioned to create integrated landscapes in which edibles and ornamentals share garden space. Why You don't have to worry about pesticides sprayed on lawns and flowers contaminating your food plants. Why not use blueberry bushes as foundation plants They're attractive and low maintenance, and the foliage turns a beautiful crimson in fall. Best of all, you can step out your door to a harvest of juicy berries. Rainbow Swiss chard, which has striking orange, pink, red, and yellow stems, is a natural in flower beds and offers a nutritious harvest, too. Letting vines feed you too Last Updated on Sat, 02 Jan 2016 \| Landscaping Guide Everyone knows about the grapevine, but many other vines also produce edible fruits, including passion fruit kiwi and cold-hardy arctic kiwi, berries, hops, and chayote. Don't forget annual vines such as peas, beans, squash, and melons. Food-bearing vines can grow in places where fruit trees and vegetable beds would never fit, and they often put the fruit at a nice pickable level to eliminate stooping and climbing. Diseases and Insects Last Updated on Sat, 13 Oct 2018 \| Growing Fruit This fungal disease can cause complete crop loss in warm, humid climates. All green tissues can be infected. Leaves are susceptible for about one week after they unfold. When infected, they develop brown circular lesions, and within a few days black spherical spore-producing bodies form within the lesions. Leaf stem infection causes the leaves to wilt. Shoots display large, black elliptical lesions, weakening them and making them easily broken by wind. Berries are susceptible from bloom until they begin to ripen, and fruit infection can result in substantial loss. An infected berry first appears light brown, and then black spore-producing bodies develop on its surface. Later, the berries shrivel and turn hard and black to become so-called mummies. Downy mildew. This fungus can infect all green, actively growing parts of the vine. Leaves develop yellowish green lesions on their upper surfaces 7 to 12 days after infection. As lesions expand, the affected areas become brown,... Choosing Plants To Provide Dense Shade Last Updated on Sat, 02 Jan 2016 \| Landscaping Comments One of the most beautiful and useful flowering trees, the dogwood offers spring bloom, good summer foliage, dark red autumn color, berries, and, with its horizontal branches and crownlike buds, winter interest. Red and pink varieties are available. Japanese dogwood Cornus kousa) blooms later with pointed bracts. The other dogwoods all are good ornamentals with attractive foliage and berries, but inconspicuous flowers. Last Updated on Sat, 02 Jan 2016 \| Herbs and Spices Animals such as possums, rabbits, kangaroos, wallabies and wombats are deterred by fencing. Growers with severe possum attack find it necessary to protect all plantings with small-mesh wire enclosures or fully enclosed shade structures. Protecting ripe berries with netting prevents parrots from destroying seed production. Anchoring wire mesh firmly across the surface of planted areas prevents lyre bird problems. Planting and Early Care Last Updated on Mon, 15 Feb 2016 \| Growing Fruit No matter which planting system you use, plant strawberries as soon as possible in the spring (fall planting is not recommended in the Northeast). Prepare soil the season before planting to speed soil warming and minimize the need to work the ground before planting. If the soil is still frozen when your plants arrive, refrigerate them until the ground has thawed. Plant strawberries in early spring. Several weeks after planting, the plants will begin to flower from buds formed within the crown the preceding fall. If you are using the matted-row system, remove these flowers to prevent fruiting and encourage runners. Berries on first-year plants rob the plants of energy necessary for growth, runner production, and winter survival. Although some strawberry cultivars produce only one flower cluster per plant, others produce several sets, so you may need to check the planting and remove flowers several times. Dealing with fruit pests Last Updated on Sun, 23 Oct 2016 \| Gardening Guide Birds These flying scavengers adore berries and strike with precise timing, at the peak of ripe perfection. Don't allow this pilfering Cover the plants after flowering is over (so you don't thwart pollination) but before green fruit begins to ripen. Use plastic netting, cheesecloth, or anything that covers the plants but still lets in light, air, and water. For Boundless Energy and Endless Ideas Last Updated on Mon, 15 Jul 2019 \| Gardening Guide This non-native adoptee curves gracefully over the front entrance to the Zimmerman's house. On a fine summer day, it's loaded with scented white flowers. The birds love the red berries in the fall, Carleen says. Last year we had eight robins in there cleaning it up, all at the same time. Tomato peach and strawberry salad Last Updated on Fri, 19 Feb 2016 \| Growing Tomatos 1 Cut the tomatoes in half. (If using cherry tomatoes, cut them into halves or quarters, if large.) Halve and pit the peaches, and cut into wedges. Halve the strawberries, discarding the hulls. 2 Put the tomatoes, peaches, and strawberries in a glass or ceramic serving dish. Add olive oil and balsamic vinegar. Season with salt and plenty of black pepper, and add the shredded mint. Toss gently until the fruit is evenly coated with the dressing. Serve immediately. 4-6 ripe tomatoes, about l2oz-llb (350-450g) 3 ripe peaches l5 strawberries dash of extra virgin olive oil dash of balsamic vinegar handful of fresh mint leaves, Herbaceous perennials are plants that live for more than two years. Each autumn the aboveground parts die back. If a perennial is hardy in your region, the roots remain alive and resprout the following spring. Many flowers and herbs are herbaceous perennials, as are a few familiar vegetables and fruits, such as asparagus, horseradish, and strawberries. Perennial herbs include thyme, oregano, and sage. The thousands of perennial flowers include coneflower, black-eyed Susan, and peony. Perennial plants are sometimes started from seed but are more commonly sold growing in containers or as bare-root plants. Bare-root plants are sold during their dormant season and are packaged without soil around their roots. Instead, the roots are packed in moist newspaper or sawdust. Asparagus and strawberries are commonly sold in bare-root condition. Managing Your Planting Because of their shallow root systems, keeping strawberries well watered is extremely important. There is a tendency to overfertilize strawberries when actually a lack of water is holding back yields. underwater your When overnight frost threatens blooming plants, cover them with row cov-strawberries. ers or use sprinklers to deliver a fine mist over the planting. Ice that forms Remove the mulch in early spring around the end of March to mid-April, after the threat of severely cold weather has passed. Strawberries are evergreen. The plants that have overwintered will have green leaves, and they will begin photosynthesizing when you remove the mulch and expose them to the sun. Place the mulch between the rows to help smother weeds and to keep mud from splashing onto the fruit. In the Northeast strawberries typically flower in May and produce fruit in early June through early July (depending on the cultivar and weather). Watch the flowers for signs of insect damage,... Examining the types of fruits Last Updated on Sat, 16 Jul 2016 \| Gardening Guide Another thing you might want to consider when looking at types of fruit is how long you have to wait before getting a yield. For instance, groundcovering fruits are annuals, at least in a climate that has frost, while strawberries are perennials, but both produce fruit the first year. Most shrub fruits take two or three years to yield substantial amounts of fruit. Fruit trees take a few to several years to bear, depending on variety and type of rootstock they're on. Dwarf fruit trees tend to bear sooner, within 3 years, while trees on standard root-stocks can take 4 or more years. The Apparent Conflict between Resistance and both Yield and Quality Last Updated on Sat, 02 Jan 2016 \| Organic Farming The first refutation is the general principle that correlation is not proof. When the correlation is imperfect, the contention is even less convincing. There are plenty of examples of cultivars with both good yields and quality as well as good resistances. Some wild plants have qualities that exceed those of cultivars. The taste of wild strawberries, for example, is far superior to that of the high-yielding, large-fruited, cultivated varieties. Secondly, some cultivars have both high quality and high resistance. The classic wine grapes, for example, have qualities that cannot be surpassed and they had high levels of resistance to all their old-encounter parasites. It was not until the introduction of new-encounter parasites from America to Europe, in the nineteenth century, that grape parasites became seriously damaging. Indeed, the classic wine grapes were cultivated for centuries without any need for crop protection chemicals. The same can be said for other antique clones, such as... Legalities of Growing In the early 1900s the federal and state governments outlawed the growing of currants and gooseberries to prevent the spread of white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola). This fungal disease attacks both Ribes and white pines, which must live in close proximity for the blister rust fungus to complete its life cycle. Black currants (Ribes nigrum) and white pines (Pinus strobus) are extremely susceptible, and red currants and gooseberries exhibit varying degrees of susceptibility. Although the federal ban was rescinded in 1966, some northern states, including New York, still prohibit the planting or cultivation of black currants. Some black currant types, such as the cultivars Consort, Crusader, and Titania, are hybrids that are resistant to the blister rust fungus. They can be planted in areas where other currants and gooseberries are permitted. Some towns and counties, however, restrict the planting of any Ribes species, so it is best to check with your local Cornell Cooperative... Pruning an established bush Last Updated on Sun, 28 Jul 2019 \| Growing Fruits Each summer, in late June to early July, prune all laterals (that is, the current season's growth) back to five leaves. This opens up the bush and removes any mildew and aphids at the tips of the shoots. Do not prune gooseberries earlier because this might induce secondary growth. Do not prune the leaders unless they are affected by aphids or mildew. Selecting healthy plants It is important to buy only certified stock, wherever possible, to ensure the plants are virus-free and healthy. Healthy plants should last at least ten years before starting to degenerate from virus infection. When this occurs, remove the plants and start a new row in soil that has not grown raspberries or other Rubus species before. Alternatively, re-soil over an area 2 ft wide by 1 ft deep. The cultural requirements (soil preparation, planting, spacing, initial pruning and feeding) are the same as for the summer-bearing kind. Use the parallel wire method of support described on page 25. The fruits are produced when the weather is becoming cooler, so they are best planted in the sunniest position possible, otherwise too few raspberries may ripen before the first frosts arrive. Raspberries 4 Black and purple raspberries ,are generally known under the name of black raspberry, just as red and yellow raspberries are usually known as red raspberries. They are also closely related to the... Getting the lowdown on chill factors You can find many named cultivars (cultivated varieties) within each type of fruit, and you need to choose one suitable to your climate and growing conditions. Some fruit plants are obviously better-adapted to certain climates than others. Avocados don't work as a crop in cold regions some pears and raspberries are better in mild areas, and others are adapted to Northern climes most apples (but not all) like to be cold and North, too. Although you may be able to push your boundaries or cheat a bit in your garden with smaller plants such as perennials, coddling a more substantial resident such as big bush, vine, or tree isn't always practical. (Check out Chapter 3 for info on growing seasons and plant hardiness zones.) Vegetative propagation material Last Updated on Sat, 02 Jan 2016 \| Horticulture Guide Vegetative propagation material is used in all areas of horticulture, such as bulbs (tulips and onions), tubers (dahlias and potatoes), runners (strawberries), cuttings (chrysanthemums and many trees and shrubs) and graft scions in trees. The increase of nematodes, viruses, fungi and bacteria by vegetative propagation is a particular problem, since the organisms are inside the plant tissues, and since the plant tissues are sensitive to any drastic control measures. Gibberellic Acid Sprays Last Updated on Thu, 19 Sep 2019 \| Growing Table Grapes \| 30 comments Seeds cause an increase in the size of grape berries by producing growth-stimulating hormones including gibberellins. Therefore, seedless grape berries are typically small in their natural condition. GA sprays often dramatically increase the size of seedless grape berries, presumably because they partially substitute for the natural production of gibberellins from seeds. A spray of GA at midbloom not only may increase berry size but in some varieties can also reduce the number of berries that set per cluster. However, the optimum time for a single application of GA to increase berry size is often at fruit set, when the berries are 4 to 5 mm in diameter (Fig. 22). Commercial applications of GA to increase berry size often involve two or more applications after fruit set, but most of the berry-sizing benefit is obtained by a single application. Trial applications of GA to seedless varieties without a history of GA use should be timed at fruit set (Fig. 22). A concentration of 50 ppm is... Tarsonemid mite Tarsonemus pallidus Distortion of developing leaves and flowers resulting from small feeding holes and injected toxins are the main symptom of this pest. This may happen to such an extent that leaves and petals are stunted and misshapen, and flowers may not open properly. Plant species affected are Amaranthus, Fuchsia, pelargonium and cyclamen (the pest is sometimes referred to as 'cyclamen mite') A closely related but distinct strain is found on strawberries. Nutrient film technique NFT Last Updated on Sat, 18 Jan 2020 \| Horticulture Guide \| 2 comments Rockwool slabs are a very successful way of growing which lend themselves to a modular system. It is widely used for a range of commercial crops, such as tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, melons, lettuce, carnations, roses, orchids and strawberries, in protected culture. It is not biodegradable so the vast quantity of rockwool now utilized has produced a serious disposal problem. The slabs can be used successfully several times, if sterilized on each occasion, but eventually they lose their structure. Tearing them up and incorporating them in composts or soils can deal with a limited amount, but far more can now be recycled in the production of new slabs. Leatherjacket Tipula paludosa This is an underground pest which is a natural inhabitant of grassland and causes most problems on golf greens. After ploughing up of grassland, leatherjackets may also cause damage to the crops such as potatoes, cabbages, lettuce and strawberries. This pest is particularly damaging in prolonged wet periods when the roots of young or succulent crops may be killed off. Occasionally lower leaves may be eaten. Pangaeus bilineatus Say Hemiptera Cydnidae Last Updated on Tue, 17 May 2016 \| Vegetable Pests \| 1 comment Burrowing bug is known as an occasional pest of pepper, spinach, strawberries, peanut, cotton, sugarcane and wheat. Crops are rarely reported to be damaged, though there are several records of injury to peanut in Texas other cydnids are also implicated, with P. bilineatus the most numerous pest. Plant Pests and Their Control In a wet season slugs may be a real problem. They resemble snails without shells, have soft bodies and are coated with a slimy substance. Slugs hide during daylight hours and move about at night. They have voracious appetites and feed on most garden plants. Good air circulation between plants arid exposure to sunlight reduce slug problems. Slugs are particularly troublesome to plants with large leaves and to plants with dense foliage close to the ground, such as strawberries. During the daytime slugs can be found under boards and large leaves, and in mulch material. Occasionally, boards are used to trap slugs. By turning the boards over, the slugs can be killed by dusting them with lime. Stale beer is also used to attract slugs. A shallow pan of beer is sunk in the ground to its rim. Slugs are attracted by the beer, fall in, and are drowned. Sometimes in a wet year when slugs are numerous, slug baits are used to attract and kill the slugs. Read the label to see if the bait is safe for... Botanical Nomenclature Last Updated on Sat, 02 Jan 2016 \| Poisonous Plants There are no rules for establishing common names of plants. Common names can be highly misleading and may erroneously suggest toxicity or the lack of toxicity. For example, a plant known as a pepper plant could be the sweet pepper commonly eaten as a vegetable (Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum) or one of the extremely hot, virtually inedible peppers (particularly when eaten in quantity and certainly depending on the person's palate) used as a decorative houseplant in that same species but containing significant quantities of capsaicin or the spice plant from which we derive black pepper (Piper nigrum) or the pepper bush (Leucothoe species) containing grayanotoxins or the pepper tree (Schinus molle) with triterpene-containing berries or any number of other species with pepper as part of its common name. Another Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder Orthoptera Gryllotalpidae Last Updated on Thu, 31 Aug 2017 \| Vegetable Pests \| 1 comment Mole crickets are omnivorous, feeding on animal as well as plant material. Several studies have indicated that when provided with grass or collected from grass-dominated habitats, southern mole cricket is less damaging than tawny mole cricket. Southern mole cricket feeds mostly on other insects, whereas tawny mole cricket is principally herbivorous (Matheny, 1981 Matheny et al., 1981 Walker and Ngo, 1982). Both species are associated with tomato and strawberry fields (Schuster and Price, 1992). Among vegetable crops reported to be injured are beet, cabbage, cantaloupe, carrot, cauliflower, collards, eggplant, kale, lettuce, onion, pepper, potato, spinach, sweet potato, tomato, and turnip. Other plants injured include chufa, turf, and pasture grasses, peanut, strawberries, sugar cane, tobacco, and such flowers as coleus, chrysanthemum, and gypsophila. Among the turf grasses, bahiagrass and Bermudagrass are commonly injured by tawny mole cricket, whereas St. Augustine grass... Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann Diptera Tephritidae Last Updated on Sat, 02 Jan 2016 \| Vegetable Pests This insect has been known to develop successfully in the fruit of over 400 plants from numerous plant families, including several wild and ornamental plants that produce small berries. The most common North American host plants, however, are such stone, pome, and citrus fruits as almond, apple, apricot, nectarine, peach, pear, plum, grapefruit, orange, and tangerine. Other fruits at risk are fig, guava, grape, kumquat, loquat, lychee, passion fruit, quince, and persimmon. In general, thin-skinned, ripe fruits are preferred by ovipositing females. If the skin is cracked, other fruits such as avocado, banana, and papaya are attacked. Mediterranean fruit fly is not usually considered as a serious vegetable pest, but occasionally vegetables are attacked, and among those known to be hosts are eggplant, pepper, and tomato. Strawberry also is reported as a host. Crioceris duodecimpunctata Linnaeus Coleoptera Chrysomelidae This species is very selective in its host preference, attacking only asparagus. It is most commonly observed on wild and home-garden plants, rarely attaining high densities in commercial plantings. The larvae feed only within berries. Natural Enemies. Little is known concerning the natural enemies of spotted asparagus beetle. Capinera (1974b) was unable to identify significant natural enemies in Massachusetts, but noted that resource availability (lack of berries for the larvae) might be a key factor in regulating insect densities. Ground beetles (Coleoptera Carabidae) may take a toll on larvae searching the foliage for berries or droping to the ground to pupate, but this has not been measured. The asparagus beetle egg parasitoid, Tetrastichus asparagi Crawford (Hymenoptera Eulophidae) has been reported in the literature as a parasite of spotted asparagus beetle, but this is an error. A related species, Tetrastichus crioceridis Graham, attacks spotted asparagus beetle... How Much Sulfur to Last Updated on Sat, 02 Jan 2016 \| Gardening Guide \| 3 comments The amount of sulfur you need to add to your soil to keep acid-loving plants like blueberries happy depends on the type of soil in your garden, as well as the pH you start with. Sandy soils typically need less sulfur to lower pH levels, while loam and clay soils take more sullur to change their pH. tf you're Blackberries and raspberries Blueberries Gooseberries Strawberries Vine weevil Otiorhyncus sulcatus Last Updated on Sat, 14 May 2016 \| Horticulture Guide \| 1 comment The larva stage is the most damaging, eating away roots of crops such as cyclamen and begonias in greenhouses, primulas, strawberries, young conifers and vines outdoors, causing above-ground symptoms similar to root diseases such as vascular wilt. Close inspection of the plant's root zone will, however, quickly show the unmistakable white grubs (see Figure 14.18). The adults may eat out neat holes or leaf edges of the foliage of hosts such as rhododendron, raspberry and grapes, and many herbaceous perennials (see Figure 14.18). Several related species, e.g. the clay-coloured weevil (Otiorhyncus singularis) cause similar damage to that of the vine weevil. The Terrible Time Of Last Updated on Sun, 28 Jul 2019 \| Permaculture Guide But one thing this may have taught is that you can't run away from systems. Holing up in two acres out in the New England forests isn't going to get you out of the system unless you are into a seed-growing operation and know exactly what you're doing. Most people do not. If you are training yourself to be a good gardener, there are still certain areas you just haven't got into, and seed growing is one of them. In one valley in Tasmania, among a group of hippies living there, you might find 50 Ph.D.s. Most of them are sitting home knitting or weaving or running around getting blackberries, just leaving it to the really ruthless people to get on with what they are doing. We must involve all our skills to organize life forces, not just a few. Choosing Plants To Provide Filtered Shade Last Updated on Fri, 04 Mar 2016 \| Landscaping Comments Hardy and slow growing, ginkgo trees are one of the oldest plants in cultivation. They are ideal as lawn or street trees because they're pest free, widely adaptable, and tolerant of smoke and pollution. Provide extra watering after planting. The male tree is neater berries have a rancid odor when crushed. Fan-shaped leaves turn golden yellow in autumn and all fall at once, making raking a one-time affair. Wireworm Agriotes lineatus This beetle species is commonly found in grassland, but will attack most crops. Turf grass may be eaten away by the larvae (wireworms) resulting in dry areas of grass. The pest also bores through potatoes to produce characteristic narrow tunnels, while in onions, brassicas and strawberries the roots are eaten. In tomatoes, the larvae bore into the hollow stem. Stem and bulb eelworm Ditylenchusdipsaci This species attacks many plants, e.g. narcissus, onions, beans and strawberries. Several strains are known, but their host ranges are not fully defined. The 1 mm long nematodes enter plant material and breed continuously, often with thousands of individuals in one Removal of infected plant material Last Updated on Tue, 12 Feb 2019 \| Horticulture Guide With rapid-increase problems, such as peach-potato aphid and white rust of chrysanthemum fungus in greenhouses, removal of affected leaves is practicable in the early stages of the problem, but becomes progressively unmanageable after the pest or disease has increased and dispersed throughout the plants. Slow-increase problems, such as Fusarium wilt disease on tomatoes or carnations and vine weevil larvae found damaging roots of plants such as primulas and begonias, may be removed throughout the crop cycle, but the infected roots and soil must be carefully placed in a bag to prevent dispersal of the problem. In commercial outdoor production, labour costs usually prevent such removal during the growing season. However, removal is achieved chemically in some situations. The destruction of blight-infected potato foliage with herbicide such as diquat prior to harvest reduces infection of the tubers. Burning of post-harvest leaf material and lifting of root debris after harvest (against... The bullfinch Pyrrhulapyrrhula From April to September the bird progressively feeds on seeds of wild plants, e.g. chickweed, buttercup, dock, fat hen and blackberry. From September to April, the species forms small flocks that, in addition to feeding on buds and seeds of wild species, e.g. docks, willow, oak and hawthorn, turn their attention to buds of soft and top fruit. Gooseberries are attacked from November to January, apples from February to April and blackcurrants from March to April. The birds are shy, preferring to forage on the edges of orchards, but as winter advances they become bolder, moving towards the more central trees and bushes. The birds nip buds out at the rate of about 30 per minute, eating the central meristem tissues. Leaf, flower and fruit development may thus be seriously reduced, and since in some plums and gooseberries there is no regeneration of fruiting points, damage may be seen several years after attack. Chrysanthemum eelworm Aphelenchoidesritzemabosi The first symptom is blotching and purpling of the leaves, which spreads and becomes a dead brown, V-shaped area between the veins. The lower leaves are worst affected. When buds are infested, the resulting leaves may be misshapen. In addition to chrysanthemum, this nematode also attacks Saintpaulia and strawberries. Harvest And Postharvest Last Updated on Sat, 02 Jan 2016 \| Horticulture Commercially grown fruits may be stored in controlled environments with a higher ratio of carbon dioxide than found in the air to inhibit ripening. These must be specialized rooms that are entered wearing protective equipment because the air is not healthy to breathe. Ethylene is a gas used to induce ripening in apples, tomatoes, and bananas. It is also used to harvest commercially grown pineapples, blackberries, blueberries, and cherries. Rotten apples produce high amounts of ethylene and can cause other fruits that are stored A nicnriuncj el a d pi Last Updated on Fri, 19 Feb 2016 \| Growing Food From mid-1980 through mid-1983, most of the food my household ate was vegetables, supplemented by some apples from our old orchard and helped out at breakfast most mornings by blackberries, picked during high summer, stored in a rust-speckled old chest freezer in the woodshed, and blended with frozen bananas, bought as overripe* at super bargain prices Money was so tight that when the germination percentage of the seed com panys bean seeds dropped below what was ethical to sell. Id bring those seed up to the house and wed cook them. The food we purchased during those years was the odd bit of brown rice or millet, sometimes a chunk of ordir.un Cheese, some real Jersey butter or milk from the nun down the toad, ol.u o. and vinegar for salad dressings, and in winter, oranges or grapefruit no --l-en. but only by the hill box and only when ally cheap. 1 bough' enou, gasoline to go to town twice a month, paid the land taxes, purely , the bit of clothing at the Salvation Army, bough, a chunk... Imported currant worm Fri, 10 Jun 2016 \| Growing Currants This is the most serious insect pest of currants and gooseberries, with the latter being the favored host. Foliage is consumed by several small, spotted, caterpillar-like larvae. The adults are sawflies about the size of a house fly. There are two generations per year, with damage occurring in spring and again in late summer. Red and white currants Mon, 19 Dec 2016 \| Growing Fruits The smooth-skinned, glistening red berries are attractive and ideal for jelly, pies, juice and for wine making. The white currant is a mutation or sport of the red currant and for cultural purposes is treated in exactly the same way. The berries, of somewhat milder flavor than the red, are also useful for jelly and for wine making. Soil and situation Ideally, the soil should be neutral to slightly acid (about pH 6.7). Red and white currants are less tolerant of poor drainage than the black currant but, provided the soil is reasonably well drained and not deficient in potash, they are tolerant of a wide range of conditions. not drip on the plants. They grow in zones , 3-8. A sunny position is best if the berries are to acquire their full flavor. The site should be sheltered but not a frost pocket. Soil preparation Prepare the soil in the fall or late winter by clearing away all weeds. Apply a light dressing of well-rotted manure or compost about 11 2 in thick over the whole area. If... Removal of dead flowers Mon, 09 Jan 2017 \| Horticulture Guide Pigments are substances that are capable of absorbing light they also reflect certain wavelengths of light which determine the colour of the pigment. In the actively growing plant, chlorophyll, which reflects mainly green light, is produced in considerable amounts, and therefore the plant, especially the leaves, appears predominantly green. Other pigments are present e.g. the carotenoids (yellow) and xanthophylls (red), but usually the quantities are so small as to be masked by the chlorophyll. In some species, e.g. copper beech (Fagus sylvat-ica) other pigments predominate, masking chlorophyll. These pigments also occur in many species of deciduous plants at the end of the growing season, when chlorophyll synthesis ceases prior to the abscission of the leaves. Many colours are displayed in the leaves at this time in such species as Acer platanoides, turning gold and red, Prunus cerasifera 'Pissardii' with light purple leaves, European larch with yellow leaves, Virginia creeper... Bud pollination Crop Production Requirements photosynthesis 3 Reason You May Need To Remove Bulb With Fleshy Leaves Drawing Methods Watering Vegetable Spilosoma virginica Fabricius Top 5 Advantages Using Beneficial Western Yellowstriped Armyworm Supporting training your fruit Siddha Tamil Parangi chakkai Origin Early Radiation Angiosperms Siddha Tamil Somamum Kodi Kalli Broadleaf Narrowleaf Evergreens North American maples Trees Characteristics Major Vegetable Vegetable Pests Landscaping Guide How To Hydroponics Gardening Skills Indian Medicinal Plants Soilfree Gardening Hydroponics Guide Berries and Nuts Growing Table Grapes Horticulture Guide Potato Breeding Gardening in Tropical Climates	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9266
__label__cc	0.520614	0.479386	Information required according to § 5 German Telemedia Law: Barsch und Schärf GbR D-37444 St. Andreasberg Christian Barsch Telephone: +49 (0)5582 1249 Any income arising from visits to the Samson Mine and its associated institutions is tax-free according to § 4 Nr. 20 German Sales Tax Law. The operators maintain a business liability insurance policy. Upon request, we will be happy to provide the name and headquarters location of the insurance company. Applicable area of the insurance policy: Germany As a service provider, § 7 para. 1 of the German Telemedia Law (TMG) stipulates that we are responsible for our own content on these pages according to general law. However, §§ 8 - 10 of the TMG stipulates that we as service providers are not obligated to monitor transferred or stored information from third parties or to research circumstances suggesting illegal activities. Any obligation to remove or block the use of information according to general law remains unaffected. Therefore, any corresponding liability is incurred only from the moment that knowledge of a specific violation of the law is obtained. Upon notification of any legal violation, we will remove the corresponding content immediately. Our service contains links to the external websites of third parties; we have no influence on the content of such links. Therefore, we cannot assume liability for this third-party content. The respective provider or operator of each site is responsible for the content found on the linked websites. The linked websites were examined for possible legal violations at the time the link was established. No unlawful content was recognized at the time the link was established. However, without any concrete indication of a violation of the law, it is not reasonable for us to carry out permanent monitoring of the linked websites. Upon notification of any legal violation, we will remove the corresponding link immediately. The content and works created by the site operators on these pages are subject to German copyright law. The duplication, dissemination and any type of use beyond the boundaries of the copyright are subject to the written permission of the author or creator in question. Downloads and copies of these pages are permitted exclusively for private, not commercial, use. Insofar as the content on these pages was not created by the operator, third-party copyright is to be respected. In particular, third-party content is to be identified as such. Should you nonetheless become aware of any copyright violation, please notify us of the specific violation. Upon notification of any legal violation, we will remove the corresponding content immediately. Photos & Image Rights All photos and texts are subject to copyright and are proprietary. They may be used only with the approval of the owners. © Christian Barsch © fotolia © Jochen Klähn © Hans-Günter Schärf © Harzwasserwerke © Ralph Hormes	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9268
__label__wiki	0.911943	0.911943	Catholic Imagination and Contemporary Culture: What Is It to Think with the Church? Saturday, February 1st 2014, 1:30pm 2014 Convocation of the College of Fellows Dominican School of Philsophy & Theology, 2301 Vine Street, Berkeley Public presentations by members of the DSPT College of Fellows, followed by reception. RSVP here, space is limited. Presentations will be streamed live. Speakers include: Michael Naugthon: Director of the John A Ryan Institute for Catholic Social Thought at the University of St. Thomas in Minneapolis-St.Paul, MN; Alan W. Moss Endowed Chair in Catholic Social Thought; Full Professor with a Joint Appointment in the Departments of Ethics & Business Law and Catholic Studies. ... Popup 3 The Higher Education Opportunity Act (HEOA) of 2008 requires that all institutions of higher education provide an emergency notification and warning system to alert their campus community in case of an emergency. GTU has contracted with Omnilert, a leading provider of emergency alert systems, to provide this service for the GTU Community. Our system, called GTU-ALERTS, is available to faculty, staff, and students of the GTU and its Member Schools on an opt-in basis. In the event of an emergency announcements will be sent out via text message, email and voice recording, as deemed necessary.... GTU AlertsEmergencyemergency alert GTU Emergency Alerts Policies, Compliance, and General Information Credit Units/Hours Policy Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) Consortial Registration Policies Tuition and Fees Costs for Books and Supplies Textbook Information Tuition Refund Policy Withdrawal Policy Copyright Policy Transfer Credit Policy Consortial Policy for Responding to Student Complaints Title IV Grant and Loan Assistance Religious Holidays State Authorization and Complaint Policy Academic PoliciesSafetySecurityEmergency ProceduresAccreditationPrivacy RightsConsumer InformationGTU Alertemergency alert The Mysterious Journey of Barbara Green From the Fall 2016 issue of Currents, view PDF By Doug Davidson Our 2016 Sarlo Award winner discusses theological education, diversity at the GTU, and the joys of writing Dr. Barbara Green, O.P., first heard about the Graduate Theological Union in 1964, when she entered the Dominican Convent in San Rafael, California, to begin her training to become a religious sister. “The priest who taught us would come in and, instead of focusing on Saint Thomas or whatever was scheduled for that day, he’d talk about this exciting new project up in Berkeley where Catholics and Protestants were working... The Richard S. Dinner Center for Jewish Studies (CJS)Dominican School of Philosophy and Theology (DSPT)Jesuit School of Theology of Santa Clara University (JST-SCU) Barbara GreenSarlo Excellence in Teaching AwardJesuit School of TheologyDSPT \| Dominican School of Philosophy & TheologyCJS \| The Richard S. Dinner Center for Jewish StudiesInterreligiousDavid's Capacity for CompassionGiambattista PittoniGTU library (-) Remove CDSP \| Church Divinity School of the Pacific filter CDSP \| Church Divinity School of the Pacific (-) Remove Islam filter Islam (-) Remove SKSM \| Starr King School for the Ministry filter SKSM \| Starr King School for the Ministry (-) Remove emergency alert filter emergency alert CIS \| Center for Islamic Studies (10) Apply CIS \| Center for Islamic Studies filter	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9271
__label__wiki	0.979029	0.979029	Baron Cohen pranks 2 more celebrity politicians for show Baron Cohe... Some politicians are going through the several stages of panic associated with an interview with Sacha Baron Cohen: remorse, damage control, anger and regret for being duped. One of the comedian's latest targets, defeated Senate candidate Roy Moore, is threatening a defamation lawsuit over an upcoming episode of the comedian's new television series. Sacha Baron Cohen has for years lured unwitting politicians into awkward interviews. Now one of his latest targets, defeated Senate candidate Roy Moore, is threatening a defamation lawsuit over an upcoming episode of the comedian's new television series. In a statement posted on Facebook, Moore says he accepted an all-expenses-paid trip to Washington in February after being told he'd receive an award for supporting Israel. "I did not know Sacha Cohen or that a Showtime TV series was being planned to embarrass, humiliate, and mock not only Israel, but also religious conservatives such as Sarah Palin, Joe Walsh, and Dick Cheney," Moore wrote on Facebook. Former Sheriff Joe Arpaio, who is running for U.S. Senate in Arizona, thought he was part of a show focusing on the top 20 most famous people in the United States. Arpaio, 86, said he began to suspect something was amiss with the interview when Baron Cohen started using sexually explicit expressions. He's not sure yet whether he'd take any action against Baron Cohen, who posed as a Finnish actor and wore a disguise during an October 2017 interview in Los Angeles. "If they do a good job, maybe I'll send them a thank-you note," Arpaio said. Neither Showtime nor Baron Cohen responded to requests for comment. "Who Is America?" premieres Sunday on Showtime. The network has been tight-lipped about the show. Baron Cohen has posted only a cryptic clip of a former vice president Dick Cheney being asked to sign a water jug that a man – presumably Baron Cohen – calls his "waterboard kit." The comedian adopts various perso The comedian adopts various personas to trick interviewees, and as his rapper character Ali G he subjected Newt Gingrich and Pat Buchanan to awkward interviews. He even got a brief interview with Donald Trump in 2012, but the then-businessman walked out early in the session. That same year, Baron Cohen dumped ashes on Ryan Seacrest on the red carpet at the Oscars while promoting his film "The Dictator." It is unclear when the interviews with Cheney, Arpaio and Palin will air during the seven-episode "Who Is America?" run. Baron Cohen's stunts have landed him in court before, and Moore is threatening to file a lawsuit depending on how "Who Is America?" portrays him. Moore is suing four women who raised decades-old allegations Moore is suing four women who raised decades-old allegations of sexual misconduct during his Senate race. "I am involved in several court cases presently to defend my honor and character against vicious false political attacks by liberals like Cohen," Moore said in his statement. "If Showtime airs a defamatory attack on my character, I may very well be involved in another. As for Mr. Cohen, whose art is trickery, deception, and dishonesty, Alabama does not respect cowards who exhibit such traits!" Arpaio initially told The Associated Press that he regretted doing the interview. Then he corrected himself. "No, I don't regret the interview," Arpaio said. "I'll talk to anybody." Please solve the following math function: 10 - 5 51 roadside attractions you need to see to believe 21 surprising things that will get you kicked out of a hotel I Went to the Craziest Grocery Store in America, and This Is What I Found What Your Body Is Trying to Tell You With These 20 Symptoms 30 things you didn't know you could do on a cruise ship 30 things to do now that you're an empty-nester FILE - In this May 22, 2018, file photo, former Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio speaks during a campaign event in Phoenix. Arpaio, now a candidate for a U.S. Senate seat, says he is among the political figures who were pranked by British comedian Sacha Baron Cohen during interviews for his upcoming Showtime series. "Who Is America?” premieres Sunday, July 15, 2018, on Showtime. (AP Photo/Matt York, File) - The Associated Press This combination photo shows former Alaska Gov. and Republican vice-presidential candidate Sarah Palin at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in National Harbor, Md. on Feb. 26, 2015, left, and former Alabama Chief Justice and U.S. Senate candidate Roy Moore at a news conference in Birmingham, Ala., on Nov. 16, 2017. Both Palin and Moore have said they were duped by actor Sacha Baron Cohen for his upcoming television series, "Who Is America?," premiering Sunday, July 15 on Showtime. (AP Photo) - The Associated Press In this Sept. 25, 2017 file photo, former Alabama Chief Justice and U.S. Senate candidate Roy Moore speaks at a rally in Fairhope, Ala. The defeated Senate candidate is talking about a defamation suit after discovering that he too was duped by actor Sacha Baron Cohen. He says he didn't know Cohen would mock Israel and scheme to humiliate him and other conservatives such as Sarah Palin and Dick Cheney. (AP Photo/Brynn Anderson, File) - The Associated Press The Latest: Trump lashes out on Twitter at 'Wacky Omarosa' Trump allies, security experts alarmed by Omarosa recordings The Beatles' 'All You Need Is Love' adapted for picture book The Latest: Trump denies using racial slur on tapes White House says Omarosa claim of Trump racism is 'false' The Latest: Melania spokeswoman slams 'self-serving' Omarosa Omarosa releases tape she says is offer to buy her silence The Latest: Harvey Weinstein released on continued bail The Latest: Omarosa calls Trump a bigot in upcoming book Judge weighs in on struggle surrounding Marvel's Stan Lee	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9277
__label__cc	0.696116	0.303884	How Extra Virgin Olive Oil is Made Food and Diet How Extra... Olive oil is one of the healthiest and delicious oils around. It's at the core of the Mediterranean diet, and it's been produced for thousands of years. But here's a question for you: How is it made? Do people just squeeze the olives and oil comes out? If not, where does the oil come from? In order to make olive oil, fresh-picked olives are ground into a slurry, traditionally by using millstones. (Modern factories utilize a more gentle process to prevent friction from elevating the slurry to above 80 degrees F; if kept below this threshold it can earn the coveted title of "cold-pressed."). Once finely ground, the paste is layered between dozens of round woven hemp mats; a hydraulic press then puts pressure onto these mats, which squeezes the oil out of the pulp and into an awaiting container below. Some modern factories use a high-powered centrifuge instead of mats for this process, but the end result is the same: The oil is squeezed out of the pulp. A post shared by Olio extravergine Enotre (@enotreextravergine) on Feb 10, 2016 at 11:46am PST This pure, unfiltered oil is, obviously, the most valuable type of olive oil there is; this oil is usually filtered and bottled in green glass (to filter out harmful UV rays) before making its way to the supermarket and being sold as extra virgin olive oil. If the oil doesn't meet the exacting specifications to be called extra virgin, it's refined until it's lighter and nearly flavorless and then mixed with a small amount of the good stuff and labeled simply "olive oil." You can find plenty of more interesting facts about this super-healthy oil here. 35 famous people you didn't know were left-handed Facts you didn't know about the Times Square Ball Drop Christmas Eve Dinner Recipes Straight From My Grandma's Cookbook Gallery America's 13 Wildest and Weirdest Ice Cream Trucks We Run Down the 50 Most Dangerous Animals in the World From Bad to Worst The biggest celebrity deaths the year you were born Three Fascinating Facts About Red Lobster's Crabfest What's the Difference Between Baking Soda and Baking Powder? Iowa State Fair Unveils Its Annual 600-Pound Butter Cow Starbucks Is Testing Coffee Delivery Using UberEats Japan's Coca-Cola Plus Coffee Blends Two Buzzy Tastes Bubba Hubba Bubblegum-Flavored Gin Liqueur Will Blow Your Mind Nominate Your Breast Cancer Heroes to Win KitchenAid Appliances Could Olive Garden Be Coming Out With a Makeup Palette? Best Amazon Prime Day Sales for Teachers Woman Pays for Down-and-Out Wawa Customer, Doesn't Realize It's Keith Urban	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9278
__label__wiki	0.616242	0.616242	/ Royalty 11 Photos \| Royalty and Statesmen Prince William and Kate Middleton muck in and try sheep shearing on Cumbria farm – see the best photos See the best photos below! Last mod Jun 11, 2019 16:11 BST Ainhoa Barcelona You're reading Brad Pitt and Jennifer Aniston reunite with sweet embrace - and Hollywood goes into meltdown! Photo: © PA Just days after donning their finest to celebrate the Queen's birthday at Trooping the Colour, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge travelled to Cumbria for a more relaxed away day. The couple were highlighting the resilience and spirit of farming communities in the Lake District as they began their visit in the market town of Keswick. William and Kate were royal guests of honour at a celebration to recognise the contribution of individuals and local organisations in supporting communities and families across Cumbria. They met volunteers from a range of services, including community first responders, young people trained as mental health first aiders and the local mountain rescue service. Before heading to a local farm where they tried their hand at sheep shearing, William and Kate took part in a walkabout where they met members of the public gathered in the Market Square. See the best photos from the royals' day out… William and Kate arrived in Keswick just after noon. The Duchess, who was last seen in public in an Alexander McQueen yellow dress and matching hat on Saturday, went more casual for her visit to the farming communities, wearing the £295 TROY London tracker jacket, skinny jeans and boots. She accessorised with her £2,300 gold leaf earrings by Kiki McDonough. The royals met one English Springer Spaniel named Prince Harry, after the Duke of Sussex. The seven-month-old puppy, whose full name is Prince Harry of Winterfells, is being trained to become a therapy dog, helping people improve their wellbeing. MORE: Love Island contestant booted off the show - details The royals were greeted with cheers and applause as they arrived in the market town. Keep clicking for more photos! Mum-of-three Kate shared a sweet moment with one little girl. Prince William proved a hit with well-wishers. MORE: Holly Willoughby announces This Morning baby news The royals met volunteers who make an outstanding contribution to families in the region, including those from the local mountain rescue service, community first responders and young people trained as mental health first aiders. They had a taste of the local delicacies on offer in the Market Square. The royals then visited a traditional fell sheep farm, Deepdale Hall Farm in Patterdale, where they met the Brown family who have been farming in the valley near Lake Ullswater since the 1950s. William and Kate joined them and other local farmers and members of The Farmer Network for a kitchen table discussion. They learnt about some of the key challenges farmers are facing and heard about the peer support networks helping those in the most rural areas. The royals also heard about the innovative ways some farms are diversifying. William and Kate happily mucked in at the farm, tending to the Brown family's flock of Herdwick and Swaledale sheep. The royals helped with activities including sheep shearing. Prince William tries his hand at sheep shearing. © HELLO! Total or partial reproduction of this article and its photographs is prohibited, regardless of links or credits. Prince William and Kate Middleton's most affectionate moments - the best photos Do the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge hold hands in public? Yes, they do! Here is a gallery of Prince William and Kate's most romantic moments... All the times the royals have lost their temper in public - including the Queen and Kate Middleton Prince William and Kate Middleton return to spotlight in Bradford amid royal family crisis - best photos All the times the royals have cried in public - from Kate Middleton to the Queen Best photos of the royals playing sports including Kate Middleton, Meghan Markle and more © 2000-2020, HELLO INC.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9279
__label__wiki	0.50611	0.50611	#funding Trump Claims Credit for Cancer Decline That Happened Before He Took Office The American Cancer Society sets the record straight. California Governor Jerry Brown’s Budget is Model for Hepatitis C Funding A lot of excellent news for people living with HCV. Is Curing Patients Good for Business? Asks Goldman Sachs Biotech Report For example: Hep C cures have meant fewer people to treat and fewer transmissions to potential patients. 95 Advocacy Groups Urge Congress to Address the Infectious Disease Consequences of the Opioid Crisis Experts are calling for an additional $100 million to fund the CDC’s Viral Hepatitis programs. Funding Opportunity: NVHR Hepatitis C Project Booster Mini-Grants NVHR is offering its third annual round of one-year hepatitis C program booster mini‐grants. Applications are due Monday, February 26, 2018 New HRSA FOA: Curing Hepatitis C among People of Color Living with HIV HRSA announcement soliciting applications for the SMAIF Curing Hepatitis C among People of Color Living with HIV program Can the United States Eliminate Hepatitis B and C by 2030? Eliminating HCV and HBV as public health threats in the United States is possible by 2030. How the GOP’s Medicaid Reform Could Limit Access to Newer, Pricier Drugs “When you’re under per-capita caps, you’re not able to be innovative.” Obama Seeks to Double Funding for Division of Viral Hepatitis Obama’s Fiscal Year 2016 budget still needs to be approved by Congress. University of Chicago Medicine Gets $6.2M for Hepatitis C Initiative The grant aims to train nearly 200 primary care providers and 30 community health centers over the next four years on how to test and... $175M for Mental Health Treatment to Help 22.5% of U.S. Adults An estimated 51.2 million people in the U.S. had at least one mental disorder in the past year. HIV, Hep C Advocates Urge Congress to Lift Syringe Funding Ban On National HIV Testing Day, June 27, more than 140 harm-reduction advocates put out a letter that calls on Congress to end the federal... NIH Seeks Applications For HIV and Viral Hepatitis Co-Infection Research Funding A senior official from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services overviews a new funding opportunity for researchers looking into HIV a... New Yorkers Lobby Lawmakers for State Hep C Plan Wednesday, March 14, was Hepatitis C Legislative Awareness Day. On cue, hundreds of New Yorkers living with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection... Congress Bans Federal Funding for Needle Exchange Programs Congress has restored a ban on using federal funding for syringe exchange programs, StoptheDrugWar.org reports.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9280
__label__cc	0.641567	0.358433	Praia Dos Salgados PraiaDosSalgadosHolidays2020/2021 PraiaDosSalgados Praia Dos Salgados Holidays 2020/2021 If white, sandy beaches and plenty of sun are at the top of your wish list, holidays to the Algarve are a no-brainer, especially when there are quiet little retreats such as Praia Dos Salgados to explore. A pretty resort town in the south of Portugal, it is known for having one of the loveliest beaches you'll find. Complete with Blue Flag certification and with Albufeira just a 20-minute drive away, it's a great base for enjoying day trips around the area. Simple relaxation rules the day during holidays to Praia Dos Salgados, but there's still plenty to enjoy. Praia Dos Salgados, Algarve, Portugal Based On Twin Room with Balcony Stansted - Direct Based On Junior Suite with Pool View and Large Balcony Price from £1006pp£1365pp Salgados beach Villas VILLAS COLLECTION Based On 2 Bedroom Villa with Private Pool and Balcony Price from £966pp£1132pp Get a taste of the Algarve With its seafront location, the restaurants you’ll frequent during your Praia Dos Salgados holidays are sure to serve a huge range of delicious seafood delicacies. In fact, seafood tends to be far more popular than other meats, so don’t be surprised if steak isn’t an option. From shellfish through to swordfish, it’s not unusual for you to be able to pick out what you want from a fresh ingredients bar. If you can, eat at an open-air restaurant beside the water, to really get a taste of the Algarve. Time Difference: GMT - None View Praia Dos Salgados on the map Find your own secluded spot The beach at Praia Dos Salgados is as idyllic as you could ever want it to be. Wide, flat, golden and easy to get to, it goes on for miles and is neatly broken up by sand dunes, keeping it separate from the town. There’s a secluded vibe on this beach, making it great for families – but in reality, amenities are never far away, with restaurants and shops all within walking distance. And you’ll find lots of boardwalks in place, making it easier for families with young children to access the beach. Or hit the party strip It’s no secret that Albufeira is the place to be if you’re looking for more of a party atmosphere, with lively restaurants and a vibrant evening out, that. Close enough to not feel like a trek, yet still far away enough to leave Praia Dos Salgados feeling nice and quiet, this happening city is full of outdoor restaurants, bars, a bustling main square and a party strip that’s chock-full of nightclubs. If that’s where you want to head, then simply follow the neon signs. Otherwise, pull up a chair and watch the people go by, while you enjoy a glass of wine at a friendly eatery. Head to the art festival If you love the beach but don’t want to be completely passive while on your Praia Dos Salgados holidays, why not head there around March, when the whole town enjoys its international sand art festival? Artists from around the globe flock to the coast to build some of the most detailed creations ever seen made from sand, and on a huge scale too. Later visitors will still be in luck, as the creations often remain intact until October, offering plenty of photo opportunities. Treasure-hunt for trinkets Less than a 10-minute drive from Praia Dos Salgados you’ll find the charming town of Armacao De Pera, which is filled with boutiques specialising in local handicrafts and souvenirs. You’ll definitely want to stock up on some traditional Portuguese ceramics, which are hand-painted and spectacularly colourful, not to mention embroidered linens and beautiful one-off pieces of jewellery. There’s also a shopping centre a short drive away in Guia, for some well-loved high street brands – but it’s the native products that are often the biggest draw for shoppers. A great place for golf Golfing in the Algarve is exceptionally popular, with a host of luxury courses being available to play on. However, the Salgados Golf Course has something that none of the others do – it’s a ‘links’ site, meaning that it provides extra challenges for golfers who are keen to up their game, with the natural landscape being included in the fairways. Dunes and parkland offer an extra level of difficulty and there are plenty of water features to navigate as well, so you’ll want to take a few spare balls around with you. A beach to die for is only the tip of the iceberg when it comes to explaining why Praia Dos Salgados is so popular. Catering for everyone, regardless of age or interests, it’s a town that gives a snapshot of the more traditional side of Portugal, while also allowing easy access to the bright lights of the more modern Albufeira. Parties and peace in equal measure make this a destination that just keeps on giving. Back to Praia Dos Salgados	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9283
__label__cc	0.504697	0.495303	Home Hunts scoop best website award AGAIN at the Europe... Who could resist these three luxury stone houses for un... Brits still looking to buy property in France despite e... HH VINEYARDS Visit Home-Hunts.com Why UK buyers are investing in European property Oct 24, 2016 \| BUYING ADVICE \| 0 \| Instead of Brexit fears dampening UK buyers’ dreams of owning property in Europe, interest in relocating permanently has never been higher… There have been many articles in the press reporting how there has been an increase in the number of UK buyers wishing to permanently relocate to Europe since the Brexit vote. This is also a development that Home Hunts has observed since the referendum on 23 June, and, as a result, the company was featured in articles in Forbes.com and French Property News, which highlighted how a variety of estate agents in Europe are also experiencing this new trend. “In the past the majority of Home Hunts enquiries from the UK were for holiday homes, but since the referendum the only increasing area of UK buyers is from those who wish to relocate,” says Tim Swannie, director of Home Hunts. “UK-based enquiries for Paris have risen dramatically and are mainly coming from people working in finance. We’ve also seen a sharp rise in enquiries for homes in the French Alps that are commutable to Geneva, as well as increased interest in the Dordogne, Languedoc, Provence and the Riviera.” From future dream to short-term goal Rather than the uncertainty of Brexit causing those interested in buying in France to put off their dreams until a more certain future emerges, it seems that the idea of Brexit has caused many to solidify and accelerate their plans instead. French Property News reported that, according to a poll carried out by Leggett Immobilier, around half of the British clients considering buying a property in France are now planning to make a permanent move. “We’re experiencing more and more enquiries from British clients who are researching how they can move their lives across into Europe – usually France – in the short-term,” says Tim. “Of course we’re able to help them with the ‘nitty-gritty’ questions, from tax, to health benefits and schools, for example, as this personalised support is part of our property-finding service anyway.” The rise of the EU residency-by-investment schemes But while the allure of a life in France is holding strong for British buyers, other European countries are also proving attractive to UK-based buyers with some offering those in the market for luxury property a way to gain citizenship. Nadine Goldfoot of Fragomen, an immigration services firm, explains in the Forbes article that should Brexit go ahead and a freedom of movement agreement not put in place, then “EU residency-by-investment schemes currently open to non-EU nationals” could work for UK citizens in the future. Goldfoot says that there are various entry routes via countries including Spain, where Home Hunts also has a wide range of luxury properties for sale, Portugal, Hungary and Cyprus. According to Forbes, one of the ways that buyers can qualify for temporary residence in Portugal is by spending at least €500,000 on real estate and spending seven days in the country in the first year and 14 days the year after. Hungary offers non-EU nationals a temporary residence “by investing a minimum of €300,000 in a three-year fixed term government bond and paying a fee of €50,000”. This can lead to permanent residence after three years and citizenship after eight years. While in Cyprus Goldfoot says that the “investment threshold is high” – buyers must spend at least €500,000 on real estate “and invest a minimum of €2.5 million” – the applicant, spouse and dependent family members can apply for citizenship through this scheme. With the British property market going through a period of turbulence since the decision to leave the EU it remains to be seen whether this trend will continue. But for the moment – with the pound weaker than before, but still stronger than it might be in the future – British buyers are more keen than ever to turn their dreams of having a more relaxed, warmer life in southern Europe into a reality. To look for property in France, Spain and Monaco, visit Home Hunts’ impressive online real estate portfolio, but to speak to a consultant directly about your requirements for a second or permanent home, call +33 (0)970 44 66 43 PreviousFive luxurious properties for sale in Marbella NextHome Hunts scoop best website award AGAIN at the European Property Awards….. Home-Hunts The latest trends in Luxury Home design Inside France 2019 – Home Hunts’ French Property Market Report is out now Property People – Carolyn Quartermaine The best French mortgage advice for 2019 and beyond Raymond Blanc buys French Riviera Property with Home Hunts Jan 14, 2020 \| RIVIERA, WHO WE ARE Six reasons to buy a property in the French Alps Dec 26, 2019 \| THE FRENCH ALPS Five extraordinary luxury chalets for sale in the French Alps The lowdown on French property by Home Hunts director Tim Swannie Dec 3, 2019 \| FRANCE How does Home Hunts’ buyer’s agent service work? Nov 23, 2019 \| FRANCE, WHO WE ARE The Luxury Property Search Specialists Setup by Pure Design \| Brought to you by Home-Hunts	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9286
__label__wiki	0.92189	0.92189	TVMA • Comedy, Sitcom • TV Series • 2014 An original comedy from writer and executive producer Stephen Falk, You’re The Worst puts a dark twist on the romantic comedy genre. Narcissistic, bra...more An original comedy from writer and executive producer Stephen Falk, You’re The Worst puts a dark twist on the romantic comedy genre. Narcissistic, brash, and self-destructive “Jimmy Shive-Overly,” played by Chris Geere (The Spa), thinks all relationships are doomed. Cynical, people-pleasing, and stubborn “Gretchen Cutler,” played by Aya Cash (The Wolf of Wall Street), knows that relationships aren't for her. So when they meet at a wedding, it's only natural that the two of them go home together and, despite their better judgment, begin to find themselves falling for each other. Rounding out the cast is Desmin Borges (The Good Wife), who plays “Edgar Quintero,” Jimmy’s once homeless, war veteran roommate, and Kether Donohue (The Carrie Diaries) as “Lindsay Jillian,” Gretchen’s best friend and former partner in crime who’s now struggling with a life of domesticity. An FX Networks Original Series. Start watching You're the Worst The Intransigence of Love Jimmy and Gretchen tell the story of their love to a prospective wedding planner. The Pin in My Grenade Jimmy and Gretchen reveal that they're forgoing a traditional wedding, opting instead for a Courthouse elopement. The One Thing We Don't Talk About Jimmy challenges Gretchen to tackle some of the responsibilities that come with being an adult. What Money? Jimmy unexpectedly receives a large advance and must fend off all his “friends” who just want a piece of the pie. A Very Good Boy Jimmy attempts to prove that, despite being on the verge of becoming a married man, he has not lost his edge. Edgar and Lindsay attempt to go on a real date. This Brief Fermata Jimmy “gifts” Gretchen a week of no-strings-attached sex. Zero Eggplants Gretchen and Jimmy make “couple friends.” Paul, Vernon, and Becca air their dirty laundry on a weekend getaway. Bachelor / Bachelorette Party Sunday Funday Edgar and Lindsay plan the most epic Sunday Funday yet. Gretchen’s anxiety comes to the surface at a major event she’s organized for her new client. Four Goddamn More Days Gretchen maintains an elaborate act of deception while Jimmy prepares for the big day. We Were Having Such a Nice Day The day before the wedding, Gretchen’s mom comes to town and Edgar takes Jimmy on an epic best-man date. On the day of their wedding, Jimmy and Gretchen grapple with the meaning of marriage.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9299
__label__wiki	0.545328	0.545328	12.02.19 People Meet Aska Chef Fredrik Berselius Ashley Day — Content Director The chef was a model and outdoors enthusiast who found an outlet for his artwork in the kitchen and followed that chance opportunity to unprecedented acclaim. He’s known for connecting with nature in... Paul Liebrandt’s Lessons Over Lièvre à La Royale Lièvre à La Royale, or hare royal, dates back to the 1600s in France and was worthy of royalty by 1775, when Parisian Chef Antoine Carême made the recipe infamous. The disc of braised wild hare... Pro Chefs Love This Pennsylvania Lamb Purveyor Bill Telepan — Director of Sustainability We met almost 30 years ago when I was the sous chef at Gotham Bar and Grill, where we used their lamb, and I love speaking with them. They tell great stories because they really love what they do and... ICE Launches Elite Chef Series of Demos At ICE's monthly Elite Chef series, some of the industry’s most talented chefs will share the stories behind their approaches and styles in an intimate setting conducive to career-inspiring... 5 Tips for Improving Your Food Photos Kiri Tannenbaum — Director of Culinary Relations A seasoned food professional with more than 30 years in the industry, Denise began her training at the Ritz Escoffier and LaVarenne in Paris and then graduated from the California Culinary Academy in... Parmigiano-Reggiano: All About Italy's Prized Cheese The prized hard cheese had a moment in 2012, when an earthquake rattled Italy’s Emilia-Romagna region and threatened its cheese industry. Chef Massimo Bottura, of Michelin-starred Osteria Francescana,... The Try Guys Learn How to Make Sushi at ICE Frank Proto — Director of Culinary Operations Chef Frank says making your own sushi isn't as intimidating as home cooks might think. "As long as you learn rice technique and get good fish, it's not that hard, it just takes practice," he says.... A Zen Buddhist Nun Walks into a Culinary School Through ICE alum Yoon Hee Kim’s (Culinary, ’05) translation, students at ICE’s LA campus learned about Jeong Kwan’s philosophies and daily life, wandering and tending to her garden at the Baegyansa... The Italian Chef and Pizzaiolo Behind Los Angeles’ Pizzana Eventually, he went to work for Chef Rosanna Marziale at the Michelin-starred Le Colonne Marziale restaurant in his region of Campania, and in 2010, he traveled to Los Angeles to work as a consulting... Georgia’s Khachapuri Combines Tradition, Egg and Cheese Bread Perhaps it’s that money shot of the bright orange, runny yolks blended into a pool of cheese, that has promoted one of the most addictive and unique bread variations in recent [social media] memory.... A Hotel GM’s Hospitality Career Advice Hospitality & Hotel Management students gleaned these insightful tips for success from Marlene's life story of leaving school at age 16, advancing at a bank in Australia and eventually working in... 01.02.19 Pastry & Baking Arts A Chocolate Primer for Aspiring Chefs Indigenous to Mexico, as well as Central and South America, chocolate is the product of the cocoa or cacao bean, which grows on pod-like fruit from the cocoa tree. Aztecs were the earliest...	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9304
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__label__wiki	0.806165	0.806165	Illicit Trade News Network Submit your Articles Woman carrying cannabis bricks in bogus baby belly arrested by Argentine police Illicit Firearms Trade Illicit Tobacco & Alcohol Trade Illicit Pharmaceuticals Trade Illicit Goods Trade Counterfeit Currency Illicit Fuel Trade Crime Types Key reports Guillaume Goudreau Law enforcement officers in Argentina have arrested a woman close to the South American country’s border with Chile for attempting to smuggle cannabis concealed inside a fake baby bump. The woman was searched after police discovered that her travelling companion was in possession of a smaller quantity of cannabis while the pair were on a long-distance coach journey from the city of Mendoza to Caleta Olivia in province of Santa Cruz. After stopping the pair at a police checkpoint in Valle de Uco close to Mendoza, police found that the woman had hidden 15 packages of cannabis in her bogus baby bump. The man with whom she was travelling was discovered to be in possession of two packages of the drug in his hand luggage. Police stopped the pair while conducting routine checks on passengers using the coach route. In total, the woman and the man were found to be carrying in excess of 4.5kgs of cannabis. The improvised fake pregnancy bump was held together with a starch-based paste and secured to the woman’s stomach to make it appear as though she was with child. Posting a picture of the fake baby belly on Twitter, Argentine security minister Patricia Bullrich told her followers: “She made a belly with glue, and hid 15 packages of marijuana inside it while pretending to be pregnant and attempted to move it from Mendoza to Santa Cruz . “Police arrested the false pregnant woman and her accomplice, preventing her from trafficking the drugs she was carrying.” In a statement, Argentine police said: “While carrying out control checks, officers stopped a group travelling from Mendoza to Caleta Olivia. “During the inspection, police observed that a passenger was carrying a black bag that contained two brick-like packages. “Continuing with their inspection, officers came across a young woman who had a lump in her belly, pretending to be pregnant. “The two passengers were asked to get off the bus and were later arrested.” In September 2013, the BBC reported that police in Colombia had arrested a Canadian woman when she attempted to board a flight to Toronto while wearing a fake baby belly that was filled with cocaine. Police said the woman was searched after she became agitated when asked by a customs officer how far along she was with her pregnancy. She was found be carrying two sealed bags that contained 2kgs of cocaine. Police in Argentina discover cocaine, crack and cannabis in fake World Cup trophies Legalising cannabis could make UK government £1 billion a year, think tank advises US citizens spent $150 billion on cannabis, cocaine, heroin and crystal meth in 2016 Sniffer dog helps police locate 900kgs of cannabis smuggled into Spain from Morocco Spanish police arrest major dark web cannabis dealer in Malaga Related Topics:_featuredArgentinacannabisfake baby bump NGO Traffic warns of rise in international trafficking of glass eels Lithuanian and Spanish police smash violent sex trafficking gang that forced scores of women to work as prostitutes Police in Spain smash sham marriage network that charged migrants €12,000 for bogus nuptials Matúš Tóth Spanish police have arrested 30 suspected members of a sham marriage network that facilitated illegal immigration by setting up partnerships of convenience. In an operation backed by Europol, investigators from Spain’s Policía Nacional carried out 11 raids on multiple residential and business premises, seizing more than €10,000 ($11,093) in cash along with evidence that indicted those detained were involved in the facilitation of illegal immigration and document fraud. Members of the network are said to have set up sham marriages between male illegal immigrants and Spanish women, allowing the men to formalise their stay in the European Union. Migrants seeking to avail themselves of the gang’s services would be charged as much as €12,000, with their bogus partners being paid €3,000 for agreeing to enter into fake marriages. Members of the gang, which was made up of members of both Moroccan and Spanish origin, used a complex web of shell companies to facilitate the conspiracy, and had also set up a sophisticated money laundering operation, through which their profits were funnelled. The network was based in the Valencia town of Sagunto, but also had bases in Morocco, Belgium, France and Italy, a fact that triggered the involvement of Europol. In a statement, the EU law enforcement agency said: “Europol provided coordination and analytical support and facilitated the information exchange. “On the action day, Europol also deployed experts on-the-spot to cross-check operational information in real time against Europol’s databases and to provide technical expertise.” The investigation that led to the dismantling of the network was launched after Spanish police were alerted to potential irregularities in residence permit applications in Sagunto. The two alleged leaders of network, a Spaniard and a Frenchman both of Moroccan origin, owned several companies in Sagunto, through which the Spanish women to whom migrants were married were employed. Migrants who used the network’s services would either remain in Spain or be transported by the gang to France or Belgium. In January of last year, police in Belgium and Portugal broke up an organised criminal gang that paid mostly Portuguese women to enter into sham marriages with Pakistani men. Investigators arrested 17 suspects in Belgium and a further three in Portugal in a series of coordinated raids in an operation that targeted a network that was said to have paid women thousands of euros to marry the illegal immigrants. Back in August 2018, law enforcement agencies in Romania and Poland held five members of an organised crime gang suspected of being behind the arrangement of sham marriages for Indian and Nepali nationals looking to gain access to the EU. British Government should pay illegal migrants to return home, think tank suggests Police smash crime network behind illicit trade of Bluefin tuna in Spain Armenian tennis match-fixing gang brought down during Europol-backed operation in Spain Police in Belgium and Portugal dismantle organised crime gang behind sham marriage conspiracy Spanish police arrest top football players and club officials over match-rigging allegations US scientists develop edible security tags to thwart drug counterfeiters Researchers at Purdue University have created a small edible tag that can be embedded into medicines in order to prevent the counterfeiting of drugs. In a paper published in the journal Nature Communications, scientists from the institution explain that drug counterfeiters would need to decipher complicated patterns not fully visible to the naked eye to get round the new security system. The edible tags serve as digital fingerprints for individual pills and capsules, and are intended to help pharmacists verify the legitimacy of their stock before dispensing it to patients as well as being a method to discourage the counterfeiting of medicines. According to the researchers, their invention uses an authentication technique called physical unclonable functions (PUF) that generate a different response each time they are stimulated, meaning that even drug manufacturers would not be able to recreate tags. Taking the form of a transparent film made of silk and fluorescent proteins, the tags are easily digestible, meaning they can be consumed by patients when they take their mediation. Commenting on the new technology, Jung Woo Leem, a postdoctoral associate in biomedical engineering at Purdue, said in a statement: “Our concept is to use a smartphone to shine an LED light on the tag and take a picture of it. The app then identifies if the medicine is genuine or fake.” The tags currently last for at least two months before the proteins start to degrade, but Leem and his team are working on extending their life so as they can last until the expiry date of the drugs they are intended to protect. As well as holding a security key that can verify the authenticity of medication, the tags could also hold other information, such as dosage instructions. Leem has made two patent applications to protect the tags through the Purdue Research Foundation Office of Technology Commercialisation. According to a report published by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in November 2017, 10% of all pharmaceutical products circulating in low and middle-income countries at that time were either fake or of substandard quality. The WHO said the trade in illicit pharmaceuticals is controlled by major organised crime networks who often channel their profits into other forms of illicit activity. In March of last year, Europol revealed that a crackdown it had led on the sale of illicit pharmaceuticals across 16 countries in 2018 resulted in the seizure of some 13 million doses of counterfeit or smuggled medicines. Interpol-backed crackdown on illicit pharmaceuticals nets 500 tonnes of fake meds Kenya to roll out mobile phone service that will allow people to check authenticity of medicines UK police seize huge haul of prescription drugs destined for sale on illicit online pharmacies One in ten medicines in low and middle-income countries fake or substandard, WHO study finds European crackdown on smuggled medicines results in arrest of 435 suspects British charity Dogs Trust warns pet lovers about being ‘dogfished’ by puppy smugglers UK animal protection charity Dogs Trust has revealed that thousands of Britons may have been conned into buying puppies smuggled into the country illegally by organised criminal gangs in a practice it has dubbed “dogfishing”. In a survey of 2,000 owners of puppies designed to establish how many may have purchased their pet from gangs that smuggled young dogs into the UK from countries in eastern Europe, the charity spoke with many animal lovers who described puppy dealers offering discounts for quick sales and lying about the age and breed of dogs. The poll found that more than half (51%) of puppy buyers were not allowed to see the animal they were purchasing more than once, while 43% were not offered the chance to visit the puppy with its mother, which Dogs Trust described as two signs all might not be well. Nineteen percent of respondents said they were not able to collect their puppy from the seller’s home, of whom a “worrying number” said they were asked to collect their new pet in a carpark or layby. One woman told Dogs Trust how she was left heartbroken after purchasing a puppy that she saw advertised online on Christmas Eve, only to have to rush it to a vet for emergency treatment on Christmas Day because it had contracted parvo virus, a highly contagious and potentially fatal condition that causes lethargy, vomiting and diarrhoea. The puppy had to be put down. Launching a new campaign named Don’t Be Dogfished, Dogs Trust Veterinary Director said: “People think they are getting a healthy, happy puppy but behind the curtain lurks the dark depths of the puppy smuggling trade. “Many of these poor puppies suffer significant health conditions or lifelong behavioural challenges, and sadly some don’t survive, leaving their buyers helpless and heartbroken – as well as out of pocket. “This is why we are touring the country in a van like those used by puppy smugglers to educate the public on the shocking realities of the puppy smuggling trade and advising them how they can take action to avoid being ‘dogfished’. “If it seems too good to be true, as hard as it is, walk away and report it.” Many organised crime gangs across Europe have moved into puppy smuggling owing to the huge profit it returns for relatively little risk. Charity probe reveals true scale of brutal European puppy smuggling trade British solar panel fraud gang jailed for 30 years over $22 million scam Puppy smuggling gangs trafficking heavily-pregnant dogs into UK to dodge border checks Criminal money mule recruiters increasingly targeting middle-aged Britons, UK fraud prevention agency finds Britain’s ‘worst-ever’ paedophile found stabbed to death in his jail cell Sign up for our mailing list to receive updates and information on events PayPal agrees to flag suspicious transactions to US anti-trafficking NGO Polaris US border guards arrest 14-year-old boy with three packages of methamphetamine taped to his stomach Skulls in the mail: Indonesia foils artifact smuggling Sentencing postponed as cocaine-smuggling sailboat captain undergoes surgery NYC Gun Smuggling Operation Hid Guns In Gym 16 Year Veteran Seattle Cop Pleads Guilty To Smuggling Large Quantities Of Weed Cross Country 8 Prison Officers Sacked For Smuggling Tweets by @illicit_trade_ Articles4 weeks ago Dark web fentanyl dealer from Seattle who sold drugs on AlphaBay and Dream Market jailed for seven years UK customs officers seize fake Chinese goods worth almost £3 million in run-up to Christmas Hackers seek to exploit release of new Star Wars film with fake websites that steal users’ credit card details Police arrest man in connection with plot to smuggle 16 tonnes of loose-leaf tobacco and 20 million cigarettes into Australia Border closures in Nigeria’s northeast slash fuel smuggling, country’s petrol agency says Opinion2 weeks ago The GirlsDoPorn compensation award highlights a sickness at the heart of the adult film industry Young women coerced into appearing in adult videos by US porn site owners awarded nearly $13 million Portuguese woman facing life sentence after being charged with smuggling cocaine stashed in shampoo bottles through Perth Airport	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9309
__label__wiki	0.691498	0.691498	020 7593 3232 info@islamic-relief.org.uk Pakistan Winter Emergency Syria Emergency Appeal Yemen Emergency Appeal Save A Life in Gaza Myanmar Emergency Appeal Global Emergencies Orphans and Children Our work in the UK Clothes Recycling Events & Challenges How Your Donations Are Used UK Executive Board We hope you enjoy using the Islamic Relief UK website. Use of the website is provided by Islamic Relief UK subject to the following Terms and Conditions: Your use constitutes acceptance of these terms and conditions as at the date of your first use of the site. Islamic Relief UK reserves the rights to change these terms and conditions at any time by posting changes online. Your continued use of this site after changes are posted constitutes your acceptance of this agreement as modified. 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Any disputes shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Courts of the UK. If these terms and conditions are not accepted in full, the use of this site must be terminated immediately. Islamic Relief UK is a registered charity in the UK (number 328158) at Islamic Relief UK \| 16 Lower Marsh \| London SE1 7RJ/p> Pakistan Emergency Charity in Islam Islamic Hijri Calendar Prayer Timetables Ramadan Timetable Orphan Sponsorship Islamic Relief UK \| 16 Lower Marsh \| London SE1 7RJ 020 7593 3232 (Opening Hours) info@islamic-relief.org.uk General Enquiries \| Complaints & Concerns \| Media Enquiries © Copyrights 2020 Islamic Relief Worldwide, Inc. All rights reserved. Registered Charity No. 328158 By continuing to use this site, you are happy with us using cookies to enhance your experience. For more information, please read our Privacy Policy.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9316
__label__wiki	0.58191	0.58191	Faculty of Islamic & Arabic Studies Faculty of Islamic Finance Islamic Jurisprudence CIK Talks Rekindlers of Islamic Spirit The History of Islamic Propagation and Reform in the Indian Subcontinent Jummah Holisitic Approach to Scientific Traditions Alparslan Açıkgenç There are at least two perspectives which must be taken into consideration when evaluating a scientific tradition; epistemological, because it is the result of an activity of acquiring knowledge, and sociological, because as a tradition it is the outcome of a community of scholars actively involved in acquiring that knowledge. If both of these perspectives are held together in all their aspects, then we shall have a holistic approach in evaluating a scientific tradition. Unfortunately, most explanations offered for the decline of science in the Muslim world neglect both of these perspectives. In this paper, I attempt to explain from these perspectives that Islam has a viable relationship with science and secondly, offer my view concerning how these two perspectives solve the problem of the revival of science in the Muslim world. Keywords: Islam and science; sociology of science; epistemology of science; scientific community; scientific tradition; science and religion; scientific progress; scientific process; worldview; holistic approach; contextual causes. 3150 Ridgeway Drive Unit # 26, Mississauga, ON L5L 5R5 contact@iknowledge.ca © COPYRIGHT Centre for Islamic Knowledge (CIK). ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Designed and Developed by Crescent Marketing Solutions	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9317
__label__wiki	0.666891	0.666891	Back to University Sport Menu Taipei 2017: Build-up to the 29th Summer Universiade Taipei 2017: Opening Ceremony of the 29th Summer Universiade Taipei 2017: Day one of competition at the 29th Summer Universiade Taipei 2017: Day two of competition at the 29th Summer Universiade Taipei 2017: Day three of competition at the 29th Summer Universiade Taipei 2017: Day four of competition at the 29th Summer Universiade Taipei 2017: Day five of competition at the 29th Summer Universiade Taipei 2017: Day six of competition at the 29th Summer Universiade Taipei 2017: Day seven of competition at the 29th Summer Universiade Taipei 2017: Day eight of competition at the 29th Summer Universiade Taipei 2017: Day nine of competition at the 29th Summer Universiade Taipei 2017: Day ten of competition at the 29th Summer Universiade Taipei 2017: Final day of competition at the 29th Summer Universiade Taipei 2017: Closing Ceremony of the 29th Summer Universiade Taipei 2017 Medal Table Japan 37 27 37 Korea, Republic Of 30 22 30 Chinese Taipei 26 34 30 Russian Federation 25 31 38 Taipei 2017 Results Men's water polo Waterpolo Taipei 2017 hold rigorous testing at Universiade venues By Max Winters Taipei 2017 and the International University Sports Federation (FISU) are currently testing the event's venues through a number of competitions and simulations. Preparations are being tested to ensure everything is on track for the Opening Ceremony on August 19. The event will be the largest international sports showpiece that Taiwan has ever staged. Around 10,000 athletes from 150 countries are expected to take part at the multi-sport university competition. It will feature 21 sports and be held in venues across Taipei, Keelung, New Taipei, Taoyuan and Hsinchu. Test events leading up to Taipei 2017 included regional, continental and international-level competitions. The most recent international events were an International Tennis Federation circuit event in late June, the Asian Judo Open in July and an Asian Archery Grand Prix, also in July. FISU President Oleg Matytsin believes that experience from past events is a key component in helping each Organising Committee to prepare. "We are extremely confident that Taipei will deliver a wonderful Universiade which effectively promotes the FISU vision," he said. "Simulations and readiness testing is a key part of the way FISU supports its hosts, by passing on lessons learned and maintaining a transfer of knowledge from one Organising Committee to the next." Preparations are being tested before 10,000 athletes from 150 countries arrive for Taipei 2017 ©Taipei 2017 FISU sent technical delegates and independent observers to oversee the test events, who give advice and recommendations. Reports are then submitted to FISU and Taipei 2017. There are due to be 25 test events before the Universiade starts and every sport will be subject to at least one examination. Summer Universiade director Marc Vandenplas believes testing the readiness of each venue is an integral part of hosting the Games. "For every major multi-sport event there are 30 to 40 functional areas, and we test as many as possible under Universiade-like conditions before the event," Vandenplas said. "From timing and transport to food and beverage services, we leave nothing to chance. "It’s extremely important to coordinate all of these functional areas, especially for the sports participating in the Universiade for the first time. "The Taipei Organising Committee has shown a great ability to adapt and they learn very quickly. "Once effective communication is in place between all of the functional areas, that is when we can achieve success." July 2017: Muhammad among British team travelling to Taipei 2017 July 2017: Commemorative Taiwanese beer to be launched for Taipei 2017 Universiade July 2017: Commonwealth Games gold medallist targeting further success at Taipei 2017 July 2017: China confirm they will compete at Tapei 2017 by registering more than 100 athletes July 2017: Taipei 2017 announce Summer Universiade Opening Ceremony tickets have sold out Max Winters Follow @@maxwinters123 Max is a junior sports politics reporter at insidethegames.biz. Contact Max Read more of Max's articles Follow @@maxwinters123 on Twitter	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9319
__label__wiki	0.546684	0.546684	Author Panel Sign in Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. How? By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective How it worksManage preferences Want to get in touch? Contact our London head office or media team here Our team is growing all the time, so we’re always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. Open access peer-reviewed chapter Rootstock Breeding for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Citrus By Berken Cimen and Turgut Yesiloglu Submitted: March 18th 2015Reviewed: November 25th 2015Published: February 17th 2016 Home > Books > Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants - Recent Advances and Future Perspectives Citrus species are the most widely produced fruit crops in the world. Citrus fruits are mainly produced in coastal areas in several countries as well as Mediterranean region, and production in these regions is affected by both biotic and abiotic stresses, including drought, extreme temperature, salinity, citrus canker, citrus tristeza virus, citrus greening, and others. The use of rootstocks in fruit production includes not only stronger resistance against pathogens but also a higher tolerance to abiotic stress conditions such as salinity, heavy metals, nutrient stress, water stress, and alkalinity. There is extensive genetic diversity in citrus which provides several materials to be used as rootstocks against abiotic stress. In this work, we tried to provide an overview of the abiotic stresses in citrus by combining literature with our studies, role of citrus rootstocks commercially used against abiotic stresses and rootstock breeding in citrus. chapter and author info Berken Cimen* Çukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Turkey Turgut Yesiloglu Address all correspondence to: bcimen@cu.edu.tr From the Edited Volume IntechOpen Abiotic and Biotic Stress in PlantsRecent Advances and Future PerspectivesEdited by Arun Shanker Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants - Recent Advances and Future Perspectives Edited by Arun K. Shanker and Chitra Shanker Show + Citrus is the most important tree fruit crop in the world, and citrus fruits are regarded as major household items in more than 100 countries around the world as well as the world juice industry which is also led by citrus juices. Citrus industry is regarded as a leading industry in some regions, such as the mountainous regions of China and coastal plains in several countries, such as California and Florida in USA, Valencia in Spain, and Adana in Turkey. According to the data published in 2013, the world’s total citrus fruit production is 135.761.181 tons [1], which consists of 71.445.352 tons of oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.), 28.678.213 tons of mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco), 15.191.482 tons of lemons (Citrus limon Burm. F.) and limes (Citrus latifolia Tan. and Citrus aurantifolia Swingle), 8.453.446 tons of grapefruits (Citrus paradisi Macf.) and pummelos [Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.], and 11.992.686 tons of other citrus fruits (Figure 1). World’s citrus production quantity (tons) The role of citrus fruits in providing nutrients and medicinal value has been recognized since ancient times. Citrus fruits, belonging to the genus Citrus of the family Rutaceae, are well known for their refreshing fragrance, thirst-quenching ability, and providing adequate vitamin C as per recommended dietary allowance. In addition to ascorbic acid, these fruits contain several phytochemicals, which play the role of nutraceuticals, such as carotenoids (lycopene and β-carotene), limonoids, flavanones (naringins and rutinoside), and vitamin B complex and related nutrients (thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, folic acid, biotin, choline, and inositol). These substances greatly contribute to the supply of anticancer agents and other nutraceutical compounds with antioxidant, inflammatory, cholesterol, and allergic activities, all of them essential to prevent cardiovascular and degenerative diseases, thrombosis, cancer, atherosclerosis, and obesity. In spite of these beneficial traits, there is still a major need to improve fruit quality to meet current consumers’ demands [2, 3]. Being vegetatively propagated, a citrus tree is normally composed of the rootstock and scion. Rootstocks play an important role in the rapid development of citrus in the world as well as breeding new cultivars. The necessity of using rootstocks for citrus fruits is to have a profitable production against some limiting factors such as climate, bad soil conditions, and diseases. Besides these factors, the use of citrus rootstocks provides a large number of choice to the growers to increase fruit quality and yield, obtain early fruiting and uniform cropping, avoid juvenility, controlling the tree size, have the opportunity for high-density planting, etc. These factors give many economic important advantages to the growers and, as a result, the citrus fruits are the most produced fresh fruits in the world for several decades [4]. Choosing a rootstock is an important decision, and local climatic and soil conditions are important factors in rootstock selection. Although any citrus variety can be used as a rootstock, some of them are better suited to specific conditions than the others [5, 6]. Some characteristics in a desirable citrus rootstock should be listed such as a good adaptation to all kinds of soils, tolerance to salinity, iron chlorosis, flooding, drought, high affinity with commercial species/cultivars, high yields of good fruit quality, reduced tree size, resistance to citrus tristeza virus (CTV), resistance to citrus blight, resistance to fungal diseases affecting citrus (Phytophthora spp., Armillaria mellea, etc.), and resistance to nematodes. Citrus production is affected by both biotic and abiotic stresses, including drought, extreme temperature, salinity, citrus canker, citrus tristeza virus, citrus greening, and others. These stresses can severely influence growth and development of both rootstocks and/or scions of citrus trees, thus reducing both fruit production and fruit quality. The use of rootstocks in fruit production includes not only stronger resistance against pathogens but also a higher tolerance to abiotic stress conditions such as salinity, heavy metals, nutrient stress, water stress, and alkalinity [7]. Soil salinity is a major factor reducing crop production among the world as well as citrus production. Responses to salinity in terms of citrus production are affected by the amount of irrigation, climate, soil type, and fertilization [8]. Citrus rootstocks differ in terms of their tolerance to salinity conditions; many soils and sources of water contain high amounts of salts that can inhibit the growth and yield salt-sensitive citrus [9]. The high level of bicarbonate ions in the soil affects metabolic processes in roots and leaves, decreasing soil and plant Fe availability, leading to the condition known as lime-induced iron chlorosis. The most evident effect of Fe chlorosis is a decrease in photosynthetic pigments, resulting in a relative enrichment of carotenoids over chlorophylls, and production of yellow, chlorotic leaves resulting as a decrease in fruit yield and quality [10, 11, 12]. Drought is considered as the principal factor that limits global agricultural production, among environmental constraints. Species greatly differ in the ability to overcome water deficiency. Drought in citrus trees causes reductions in stomatal conductance (gS), leaf transpiration rate (E), and net CO2 assimilation; decreases fruit quality and yield in long-term periods of stress; and increases fruit abscission [13]. Although the sour orange has many excellent horticultural advantages in terms of abiotic stress, it has a very important disadvantage for its susceptibility to citrus tristeza virus. This problem has severely reduced the use of this rootstock in many places especially the Western Mediterranean. Castle and Gmitter [14] reported that sour orange no longer has a secure place in today’s rootstock portfolios because of its susceptibility to CTV. Castle [15] indicated that sour orange is an excellent rootstock for areas free of CTV. Ollitrault et al. [16] reported that the arrival of tristeza radically called into question of using sour orange in the Mediterranean area, whereas it had been almost the only rootstock in the region. The need to produce stress-tolerant crops was evident even in ancient times [17]. Searching rootstock alternative to sour orange keeps on all over the world. In addition, it is a known fact that every rootstock cannot be used in every ecology. Due to the limiting effects of different ecological factors and diseases, a rootstock which is suitable for a country could not succeed in another one. Accordingly, the rootstocks that will be offered as alternative to sour orange is supposed to show some characteristics such as tolerance to lime-induced iron chlorosis in calcareous soils, tolerance or resistance to Phytophthora citrophthora. In addition to these, the alternative rootstocks should have CTV tolerance which does not exist in sour orange. On the contrary, all the required traits are present in the citrus germplasm. For instance, Poncirus trifoliata has tolerance to mainly biotic stress and cold hardness and some Citrus species have adaptation to both abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the complexity of citrus biology and genetics makes it difficult to combine them through traditional breeding. Consequently, in this chapter, we try to provide an overview of the abiotic stresses in citrus, role of citrus rootstocks commercially used against abiotic stresses, and rootstock breeding for tolerance to abiotic stress. 2. Types of abiotic stresses in citriculture Many different citrus genotypes are commercially grown in a wide diversity of soil and climatic conditions; therefore, trees are subjected to important abiotic and biotic stresses that limit the production and, in some instances, the use of certain rootstocks and varieties [18]. Citrus trees are subjected to several abiotic constraints such as acid, alkaline, and salty soils; flooding and drought; and freezing and high temperatures. Related to the global warming, drought problems have occurred in many countries. In addition, salinity became a major cause for citrus production in the coastal regions of Mediterranean by increasing the use of fertilizers and decreasing precipitations. Salinity and drought in the calcareous soil of Mediterranean region can lead to major problems in citriculture in terms of fruit yield and quality. Thus it is necessary to breed new rootstocks that are genetically tolerant to abiotic stress conditions and alternatives to existing rootstocks. In a recent work, we have tried to handle three common abiotic stresses (salinity, drought, and alkalinity) occurring in citriculture especially in the coastal Mediterranean region by combining the literature with the studies conducted at Çukurova University. 2.1. Salinity Salinity is a major environmental factor affecting the performance of many crop plants and reducing agricultural productivity [19, 20]. It is estimated that more than a third of all of the irrigated soils in the world is affected by salinity. The loss of farmable soils due to salinization is directly in conflict with the needs of the world population which is increasing continuously. Salt stress is a major stress problem in arid and semiarid regions and irrigated areas. Almost 7% of the world land area, 20% of the cultivated land, and nearly half of the irrigated land are affected by high salt concentrations [21]. Salinity affects the crop during both the vegetative and the reproductive stage and therefore causes reduction in plant growth and development with low water potential in the root medium (osmotic effect), too high internal ion concentration (ion excess/toxicity), and nutritional imbalance by depression in uptake and/or shoot transport (ion deficiency). Most of the salt stress in nature is due to sodium salts, particularly NaCl [22, 23]. High concentrations of Na+ and Cl− in the root medium saturation depress nutrient–ion activities and produce extreme rations of Na+/Ca2+, Na+/K+, Ca2+/Mg2+, and Cl−/NO3− [24]. As a result, plants become susceptible to osmotic and specific ion injury as well as nutritional disorders that may result in reduced yield and quality. These processes may be occurring at the same time, but whether they ultimately affect crop yield and quality depends on the salinity level, composition of salt, exposed period to salinity, the crop species and cultivars, the growth stage of plants, and a number of environmental factors [25, 26, 27, 28]. When the salt concentration reaches a harmful level for plant growth, a salinity condition is said to have developed. The degree to which growth and normal metabolism can be maintained is described as salt tolerance. Salt tolerance of vegetable crops varies considerably among species and depends upon the cultural conditions under which the crops are grown. Soil, water, plant, and environment can affect the salt tolerance of a plant. Therefore, plant response to a given salt concentration cannot be predicted on an absolute basis but on relative performance [29]. The effects of salinity on plants are evidenced by a severe reduction in plant growth and yield and, if the saline conditions persist, plant death can occur [30]. Salinity causes a deficiency of water in plant tissue, and low water potential reduces growth by inhibiting cell division and cell expansion [31]. The reduction in growth is mainly due to an osmotic effect of the accumulation of salts near the root zone, whereas the buildup of toxic saline ions in plant tissues is responsible for the progressive impairment of several physiological processes [20]. Osmotic effects resulting from salinity may cause disturbances in the water balance of the plant, including a reduction of turgor and an inhibition of growth, as well as stomatal closure and reduction of photosynthesis [32, 33]. The primary effect of high salt concentration in plants is stomatal closure. This causes a low transpiration rate and reduces the CO2 availability for photosynthesis [34]. Hussain et al. [35] indicated that salinity reduced the photosynthetic availability of some citrus species and genera. As a result, plants become susceptible to osmotic and specific ion injury as well as to nutritional disorders that may result in reduced yield and quality. Many researchers so far have reported citrus trees as salt-sensitive plants [30, 36, 37]. Salinity reduces citrus tree growth and fruit yield [9]. Growth reduction and some physiological and biochemical disturbances due to excessive concentrations of Cl− and Na+ in leaves are the main problems that are caused by salinity stress [37]. Also, salt stress has a dramatic impact on the citrus industry by decreasing the growth of trees and fruit yield and quality. Salinity may also cause nutrient deficiencies or imbalances, due to the competition of Na+ and Cl− with nutrients such as K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and NO3−. In addition to osmotic effect, high K+ concentration in a salinized nutrient solution increased the absorption of Cl− citrus roots. Salt tolerance in citrus has been linked to the exclusion of toxic ions from the shoot [38]. Thus, citrus rootstocks have a great influence on the amount of Cl− and/or Na+ accumulated in the foliage of grafted trees [30]. For instance, in Fino lemon trees, sour orange rootstock is considered a good Cl− and Na+ excluder, whereas the Citrus macrophylla rootstock is a Cl− and Na+ accumulator [39]. Citrus trees, under salinity stress, suffer growth reduction and some physiological and biochemical disturbances due to excessive concentrations of Cl− and Na+ in leaves [37]. Depending on the soil type, irrigation method, and frequency, the soil solution salinity might also rise several fold between irrigations. Continual improvement of rootstocks and/or scions will be necessary to sustain irrigated citrus in increasingly salinized environments [30]. Sour orange is one of the most frequently used rootstocks in Mediterranean countries. It is known to be tolerant to salinity and calcareous soil among citrus rootstocks. However, it is highly susceptible to tristeza disease [37], that the disease should take into consideration the citriculture in Turkey and other countries which use sour orange as rootstock owing to be threatened by it. Genetically improved with favorable agronomical characteristics, such as resistance to pests and diseases such as the citrus tristeza virus, and salinity tolerance, rootstocks may be a long-term approach. Hence, screening studies based on physiological responses of genotypes to salinity stress should be used. In addition, continuous improvement of rootstocks is necessary to sustain cultivating citrus trees under salinized environments. Yesiloglu et al. [40] established a screening study for the physiological evaluation of global tolerance to salinity rootstock collection of Çukurova University in the frame of the CIBEWU project, No: 015453. They screened 29 different genotypes that can be used as citrus rootstock under salinity stress assessed by several growth and physiological parameters such as fresh and dry weights of shoot and root; leaf chlorophyll concentration; and fluorescence, chloride, and Na content. High concentration of Cl and/or Na in the leaves of Citrus has been frequently related to disturbances in nutrition, gas exchange, and water relations. Unpublished data of the project regarding the genotypes used in the screening study and Cl− and Na+ concentrations in root and leaves of the genotypes are presented below. 34-12 N citremon, 4475 SRA citrumelo, CRC 4475 Swingle citrumelo, Severinia buxifolia have accumulated higher chloride in leaves, while Tuzcu Cleopatra mandarin, Gou Tou, Rangpur lime, CRC 02 Volkameriana, Tuzcu 31-31 sour orange have lower chloride in leaves. Rubidoux trifoliate with trifoliate hybrids and Severinia buxifolia were poor Cl− excluder. It was found that Tuzcu Cleopatra mandarin and Rangpur lime are the best Cl− excluders. Gou Tou, Antalya Cleopatra mandarin have the lowest amount chloride in the roots, whereas Citrus ichangensis, Benecke trifoliata, Volkameriana, 08 A 3015 Rubidoux, and SRA Pomeroy have the highest values. According to the results, Tuzcu Cleopatra mandarin, Rangpur lime, Gou Tou, and Antalya Cleopatra mandarin were found to be the most tolerant to salt stress. Severinia buxifolia, CRC-4475 Swingle citrumelo, Local trifoliata, and Benecke trifoliata were the most sensitive group to salt stress. Data were evaluated by using modified "weighted-ranking" method based on the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv’/Fm’), leaf chlorophyll concentration by SPAD readings, leaf Cl and Na concentrations, leaf K and Ca concentrations, root K and Ca concentrations, growth parameters (shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot length, and leaf number), and visual ratings of leaf chlorosis. A classification which belongs to the screening study for salinity stress was performed as a result of the work and reported as follows in Table 1 (unpublished data). Genotypes were classified as very sensitive, sensitive, acceptable, tolerant, and very tolerant to salinity. Genotypes Tolerance to salt stress Rubidoux trifoliate 08A 30.15 2 Citremon 34 12 N 1 Citrumelo 4475 SRA 1 AREC Swingle citrumelo 3 Antalya Cleopatra mandarin 3 Benecke trifoliate 2 C-35 Citrange 4 Swingle citrumelo 4475 CRC 1 Volkameriana CRC 01 4 Citrumelo CRC 1452 3 Carrizo citrange 3 Citrus ichangensis CRC 3 Citrus sulcata 3 Citrus sunki 3 Macrophylla 2 Rangpur lime 5 Gou Tou sour orange SRA 506 4 Pomeroy trifoliate SRA 1 Sacaton citrumelo 4 Severinia buxifolia SRA 1 Smooth Seville sour orange 4 Taiwanica 4 Troyer citrange 3 Tuzcu 31-31 sour orange 4 Tuzcu 891 sour orange 4 Tuzcu Cleopatra mandarin 5 Volkameriana 4 Local trifoliate 2 Classification of rootstocks in collection of Çukurova University in respect of salinity tolerance 1: very sensitive, 2: sensitive, 3: acceptable, 4: tolerant, 5: very tolerant Khoshbakht et al. [41] reported that the effects of salinity on photosynthesis range from the restriction of CO2 diffusion into the chloroplast, via limitations on stomatal opening mediated by shoot- and root-generated hormones, and on the mesophyll transport of CO2, to alterations in leaf photochemistry and carbon metabolism. The authors conducted a study and investigated the NaCl effects on gas exchange parameters of nine citrus rootstocks and reported that sour orange and Cleopatra mandarin were the rootstocks most tolerant to salinity of all the nine citrus rootstocks studied. Also, Cimen et al. [42] determined that the tolerances of Sarawak bintangor, Shekwasha, Fuzhu and Cleopatra mandarin to salt stress were determined by investigating the photosynthetic parameters and significant salinity effects on the photosynthetic performances of these rootstocks were reported (Figure 2). Effects of different salinity levels on photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (B), stomatal conductance (C), and initial CO2 concentrations (D) of four genotypes. The bars indicate the standard deviation. (T0 = 0 mM NaCl, T1 = 50 mM NaCl, T2 = 75 mM NaCl, T4 = 100 mM NaCl). Data presented from Cimen et al. [42]. 2.2. Alkalinity It is well known that iron is an essential micronutrient for all higher plants including citrus. Most of the iron existing in rhizosphere cannot be taken up by plants because iron is highly insoluble. Two main working hypotheses have been put forward for this chlorosis. In the first working hypothesis, the main cause of Fe deficiency chlorosis is thought to be the inhibition of Fe acquisition by HCO3− in the rhizosphere. For the second hypothesis, Fe inactivation in the leaf apoplast by an alkalization process properly noted by the “distant effect” of HCO3− is thought to be the main trigger for Fe deficiency chlorosis in leaves [43]. The Mediterranean Basin is characterized by the prevalence of calcareous surface horizon. In these soils, iron (Fe) chlorosis can lead to diminished yields and even plant death, particularly in semiarid areas where irrigation water has high bicarbonate contents, soil pH is high (7.0–9.0), and organic matter content is low [44]. Citrus production is increasing throughout the Mediterranean countries and more and more citrus orchards are being planted on marginal soils. Mediterranean countries have a suitable climate for citrus production, but it is estimated that 20–50% of fruit trees grown in the Mediterranean basin suffer from iron (Fe) deficiency. The most prevalent cause of Fe deficiency in this region is the presence of high levels of carbonate ions in calcareous soils, characterized by a high pH [45]. These soils often have more than 20% of calcium and magnesium carbonates and are strongly buffered, with a pH between 7.5 and 8.5 [11]. Fe uptake is highly dependent on soil pH, and Fe activity in solution decreases 1000-fold for each pH unit rise to reach a minimum within the range from 7.4 to 8.5 [46]. Leaf Fe chlorosis in plants is an old problem occurring in areas of calcareous and/or alkaline soils. Yield reductions from Fe-induced leaf chlorosis have been found in tomato, raspberry, kiwifruit, pineapple, vines, and citrus [47]. Moreover, the severity of leaf chlorosis and the differential behavior of genotypes can be determined by the chlorophyll concentration in leaves [11, 46, 48]. The high level of bicarbonate ions in the soil affects metabolic processes in roots and leaves, decreasing soil and plant Fe availability, leading to the condition known as lime-induced iron chlorosis. The most evident effect of Fe chlorosis is a decrease in photosynthetic pigments, resulting in a relative enrichment of carotenoids over chlorophylls and producing yellow, chlorotic leaves. The loss of pigmentation is caused by decreased chlorophyll content in chloroplasts. This negatively affects the rate of photosynthesis and, therefore, the development of biomass. Fe deficiency affects the physiology and biochemistry of the whole plant, as Fe is an important cofactor of many enzymes, including those involved in the biosynthetic pathway of chlorophylls [10, 11]. The use of rootstocks in fruit production includes not only a stronger resistance against pathogens but also a higher tolerance to abiotic stress conditions such as salinity, heavy metal, nutrient stress, water stress, and alkalinity [7]. Recent studies showed that citrus rootstocks had different tolerance levels to iron deficiency [48, 49]. Studies emphasized that high pH conditions reduced iron uptake in citrus rootstocks [48, 49, 50, 51, 49]. Also, rootstocks affect tree growth, fruit quality, and yield [15, 48, 52]. Moreover, scion behavior depends in part on the rootstock-induced effects on leaf gas exchange [53]. González-Mas et al. [53] indicated that in calcareous soils, citrus production depends on the availability of suitable rootstocks that are tolerant to low Fe soil conditions. Studies have found that ”Volkameriana,”’ and “sour orange” plants were tolerant; ”Carrizo and Troyer” citranges were intermediate, whereas the ”Poncirus trifoliata” rootstock was more sensitive to iron chlorosis [46, 48, 49, 51, 54]. In addition, Cimen et al. [55] indicated that Young “Navelina” orange trees budded on Tuzcu 31-31 sour orange, and Gou Tou sour oranges performed best under Fe deprived conditions in plant growth chamber. Navelina on Volkameriana and Cleopatra mandarin was moderate; C-35 citrange and local trifoliate were poorly adapted to lime-induced Fe deficiency (Figure 3). Response of Navelina Nave orange budded on eight different rootstocks in response to iron deficiency. Data presented from Cimen et al. [55]. Among physiological processes, photosynthesis is the basic determinant of plant growth and productivity, and the ability to maintain the rate of carbon assimilation under environmental stress is of fundamental importance to plant production [56]. Since Fe catalyzes chlorophyll biosynthesis [57], it would be expected to promote the photosynthetic rate (Pn) while Fe deficiency to reduce it [58, 59]. Most of the knowledge concerning the effect of Fe deficiency on the photosynthetic parameters has been obtained with annual plants. However, relatively few studies have focused on the consequences of induced Fe deficiency on photosynthesis in evergreen fruit trees and especially in citrus. On the contrary, Fe is a component of several metalloenzymes, including peroxidase and catalase. Although both enzymes could be used as biochemical indicators of Fe availability in citrus [36], there are contradictory reports concerning the effect of Fe deficiency on catalase and peroxidase activity [60]. Cimen et al. [55] reported that at sufficient Fe supply, plants had higher activity of catalase (CAT) than the plants with Fe deprived conditions. Slight decreases were recorded on the Navelina orange leaves of Tuzcu 31-31 and Gou Tou sour oranges, while decreases were remarkable in the leaves of C-35 citrange and TGK0633 (obtained by a selection of trifoliate orange in Turkey) under short supply of Fe. In addition, Navelina leaves of C-35 citrange and TGK0633 displayed maximum decreases in APX (ascorbate peroxidase) activity, similarly CAT activity. There were no significant APX activity decreases in the leaves of Tuzcu 31 31, Gou Tou sour oranges, Volkameriana, and Antalya Cleopatra mandarin (Figure 4). Catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities of Navelina leaves of different rootstocks under Fe sufficient and deprived conditions. The bars show the standard deviation. Data presented from Cimen et al. [55]. The intensity of iron chlorosis can be quantified by total Fe, active Fe, leaf chlorophyll meter, photosynthetic parameters, enzymes, plant growth parameters, and visual ratings of leaf chlorosis. One of the distinctive characteristics of iron deficiency in field crops is the lack of correlation between leaf iron content and chlorosis. This has been termed the ”chlorosis paradox.” Therefore, leaf chlorophyll contents are generally used to monitor iron chlorosis [61]. The use of visual ratings and readings of a portable chlorophyll meter are the most efficient approaches to define iron chlorosis in citrus [51]. Yesiloglu et al. [40] established a screening study for the physiological evaluation of global tolerance to lime-induced Fe chlorosis in rootstock collection of Çukurova University in the frame of the project CIBEWU, No: 015453 and evaluated by using modified "weighted-ranking" method based on the parameters of total Fe, active Fe, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv’/Fm’), leaf chlorophyll concentration by SPAD readings, visual ratings of leaf chlorosis, and shoot and root weight. Local trifoliate, Rubidoux trifoliate, and Benecke trifoliate exhibited severe chlorosis and were more chlorotic than other genotypes. Cleopatra mandarins among mandarin and its hybrids were more tolerant than Sunki and Calamondins. Macrophylla was the best in lemon and lemon hybrids group. Campbell [50] reported that Macrophylla was well adapted to soils of high pH. Volkameriana and Rangpur were almost the same. Gou Tou was really so tolerant to iron deficiency. All sour oranges were similar to each other. Alanya Dilimli sweet orange is a variety selected in south of Turkey. It is known to be very resistant to high pH conditions. The results confirm that Alanya Dilimli is very tolerant to high pH. According to the results, Carrizo citrange, Flhorag1, Macrophylla, Antalya Cleopatra mandarin, Tuzcu 31-31 sour orange, Gou Tou sour orange, and Alanya Dilimli sweet orange were more tolerant than others in citrus rootstock collection of Çukurova University (Table 2 – unpublished data). Genotypes Tolerance to iron chlorosis Arec Rubidoux trifoliate 3 Flhorag1 5 Sacaton citrumelo I 2 Citrumelo 1452 CRC 2 Calamondin CRC 2 Calamondin 108 USDA 1 Alanya Dilimli sweet orange 5 Classification of the rootstocks in collection of Çukurova University in terms of tolerance of iron deficiency. Although trifoliate orange has many advantages in terms of tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, it is susceptible to calcareous soil conditions. However, there are some superior genotypes to improve the tolerance to high pH of present rootstocks by hybridization and crossing [44]. Several rootstock breeding programs have been carried out by different countries leading in citriculture. Forner et al. [62] reported two new citrus rootstocks named F-A 5 and F-A 13, released in Spain. These rootstocks are hybrids of Cleopatra mandarin × Rubidoux trifoliate crosses with a high level of tolerance to lime-induced iron chlorosis. Besides, Bowman and Rouse [63] mentioned a new citrus rootstock named as US-812 which is a hybrid obtained by a cross between Sunki mandarin (Citrus reticulata) and Benecke trifoliate orange in USDA Indio Research Station, California. They have reported that using Valencia trees budded on to US-812 resulted in some tolerance to high alkalinity under pH conditions 8.1– 8.3. Moreover, Federici et al. [64] indicated that three citrus rootstocks released in August 2009 by the University of California named as ”Bitters,” ”Carpenter,” and “Furr” trifoliate hybrids, tested as C22, C54, and C57, respectively, by crossing Sunki mandarin × Swingle trifoliate orange. Bitters were found to be very tolerant to calcareous soil, whereas Carpenter and Furr were found to be moderately tolerant. 2.3. Drought Mediterranean region has a subtropical climate and is an important region for citriculture. A significant amount of high-quality citrus fruits is produced in Mediterranean countries such as Spain, Turkey, Italy, Greece, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. Fruit yield and quality are affected by genetic traits together with environmental factors. Fruit crops are frequently exposed to environmental stresses spontaneously or by conventional agronomic conditions. Some of these conditions such as high temperature may last only for a short period of time, whereas lack of water in soil may last for longer periods. Global warming is a type of greenhouse effect which is defined as the increase of Earth's average surface temperature due to the effect of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels or from deforestation, which trap heat that would otherwise escape from Earth. Yaacoubi et al. [65] indicated that Mediterranean fruit tree production is facing major changes that have environmental and socioeconomic consequences. Climatic changes related to temperature warming have been reported worldwide. Drought stress, as one of the most ominous abiotic factors limiting the productivity of horticultural crops, is increasingly growing in dimension of severity in many regions of the world [66]. In general, the mechanism of drought resistance in plants can be explained as drought escape, drought avoidance, and drought tolerance. These traits consist of osmotic adjustments, cell membrane stability, epicuticular wax, partitioning and stem reserve mobilization, manipulation and stability of flowering processes, and seedling drought traits. Drought tolerance is a complex trait that is important at different growth stages and involves multiple adaptations. Fundamental to this is the ability to maximize the extraction of water from the soil while minimizing loss from the leaves. Morphological adaptations include the development of deep roots and alterations in leaf morphology and cuticle structure, while physiological adaptations involve changes in stomatal density to maximize water uptake and retention [67, 68, 69]. Drought stress effects on the plant may range from slight suppression of growth and yield to temporary wilting, in which leaves flag but recover after transpiration demands decrease, to permanent wilting in which the plant suffers injury and death [70]. A plant responds to a lack of water by halting growth and reducing photosynthesis and other plant processes in order to reduce water use. As water loss progresses, leaves of some species may appear to change color, usually to blue-green. Foliage begins to wilt and, if the plant is not irrigated, leaves will fall off and the plant will eventually die. Drought lowers the water potential of a plant's root and upon extended exposure, abscisic acid is accumulated, and as a result stomatal closure occurs. This reduces a plant's leaf relative water content. The time required for drought stress to occur depends on the water-holding capacity of the soil, environmental conditions, stage of plant growth, and plant species [71]. Plants growing in sandy soils with low water-holding capacity are more susceptible to drought stress than plants growing in clay soils. A limited root system will accelerate the rate at which drought stress develops. A plant with a large mass of leaves in relation to the root system is prone to drought stress because the leaves may lose water faster than the roots can supply it. The root system has a great importance when the plant faces drought. For instance, Rough lemon rootstocks are very drought tolerant because of their extensive, deep root systems. Newly installed plants and poorly established plants may be especially susceptible to drought stress because of the limited root system or the large mass of stems and leaves in comparison to roots. Citrus, a perennial crop with a long orchard life, is likewise a globally important fruit crop responsible for world trade and often exposed to the vagaries of soil and atmospheric drought stress [72]. Drought stress is known to restrict the vegetative growth and yield of citrus, in addition to adversely affecting fruit quality and incurring huge economic loss to the citrus growers [73]. Therefore, screening and selection of germplasm are of great importance in terms of drought tolerance. Pedrosoa et al. [74] reported that citrus rootstocks have differential capacities for supplying shoot tissues with water and carbon, improving the resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and affecting plant water status and photosynthesis. Water relations have been well studied in citrus trees, showing that rootstocks alter the physiological performance under water deficit through variations in plant hydraulic conductance, leaf water potential, and stomatal conductance [75, 76, 77]. In addition, several studies have found that citrus rootstocks showed different performances when they are exposed to drought [13, 73]. Treeby et al. [78] investigated irrigation management and rootstock effects on navel orange and reported that irrigation management is far more critical for external fruit quality for trees on sweet orange and, to a lesser extent, trees on the citranges compared to trees on trifoliate orange and Cleopatra mandarin. Some studies also indicate that using tetraploid rootstocks increases the drought tolerance in comparison to their diploid clones in citrus. Allario et al. [79] reported that polyploidy is common in many plant species and often leads to better adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. The authors examined the drought tolerance in diploid (2x) and autotetraploid (4x) clones of Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia) rootstocks grafted with 2x Valencia Delta sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) scions, named V/2xRL and V/4xRL, respectively. The results of the authors showed that using tetraploid clones of Rangpur lime had increased the drought tolerance in grafted sweet orange. 3. Germplasm and genetic variability The origin of citrus is believed to be southeast Asia, including south China, northeastern India, and Burma. Commercial citrus species and related genera belong to the order Geraniales, family Rutaceae, and subfamily Aurantoidea. Fruit crops is a very heterogeneous group of plants including trees, shrubs, climbing vines, and perennial herbs. They inhabit different climates, ranging from tropical to subarctic zones and altitudes from sea level to higher mountains. Fruit crops also differ considerably with respect to their origin, taxonomy, and breeding systems. The biodiversity in plants has been progressed by natural and artificial hybridization and mutation which are the basic resources of biological evolution. The deterioration of ecosystem directly or indirectly by human beings has always been causing the destruction of biodiversity and many advanced genotypes [80]. There is extensive genetic diversity in citrus. Aydin and Yesiloglu [81] reported that the genus Citrus L. belongs to the subtribe Citrineae, the tribe Citreae within the subfamily Aurantioideae of the Rutaceae family [82]. The Aurantioideae is one of seven subfamilies of Rutaceae which consists of two tribes and 33 genera. Each of tribes Clauseneae and Citreae is composed of three subtribes. Clauseneae includes Micromelinae, Clauseninae, and Merrillinae, and Citreae has Triphasiinae, Citrinae, and Balsamocitrinae. The Citrinae is distinct from all the other subtribes in the subfamily by having pulp vesicles in the fruit. This subtribe contains three groups: primitive citrus fruit, near citrus fruit, and true citrus fruit trees. True citrus fruits have six genera: Clymenia, Eremocitrus, Microcitrus, Poncirus, Fortunella, and Citrus [83]. All rootstocks and varieties used are included in the genus Citrus, except for kumquats (Fortunella spp.) and trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.), the latter is used exclusively as a rootstock. Trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] is an important citrus relative for breeding new rootstocks. In addition to its tolerance to citrus tristeza virus, citrus nematodes, and cold weather and edaphic conditions, the dominant nature of the ”trifoliate” leaves of trifoliate orange is a useful morphological marker in the visual identification of hybrids from crosses using trifoliate orange as male parent. Some hybrids of commercial interest, including citranges (sweet orange × trifoliate orange) and citrumelos (grapefruit × trifoliate orange), are used as rootstocks. In general, the diversity of genetic structures in the subfamily of Aurantioideae, which occurred within the steps of biological evolution, is the genetic resource that has been lost before the determination of their characteristics during the rapidly vanishing process. Preservation of this kind of material is a challenge particularly for “conservation breeding” branch of plant breeding [80]. The determination of citrus genus and close relative genus and species collections with in situ and ex situ structure in the selected countries and regions, describing and establishing international legal tender for them, are very important. The richness of germplasm has benefited genetics and breeding research in the countries that have a long history of citriculture. China is the most important place of origin for citrus. The long history and diversified climates enable China to harbor the most citrus varieties. Southern China is one of the centers of diversity for Citrus and related genera such as Fortunella. A National Citrus Germplasm Repository was established in China in the early 1980s, and a record in 1996 reported 1041 accessions [84, 85]. In India, there is an in situ germplasm including 627 accessions as it was reported by Singh [86], and eight ex situ citrus conservation collections have been established. Three in situ collections were established in Malaysia. In addition, there are three collections in Indonesia and Thailand, two collections in Philippines. The orchards of The Federal Fruit Crops Research Station in Tsukuba, Okitsu, and Kuchinotsu have the widest diversity collection of citrus and the relative types. It is declared that there are totally more than 1300 accessions in these three stations [84]. The original natural dispersion areas of Microcitrus and Eremocitrus as well as many relative types of citrus are located in Australia and the main collection in Australia is located at the Biological and Chemical Research Institute under the NSW Agriculture & Fisheries Department in Rydalmere in New South Wales [84]. Tuzcu [80] reported that the collection of citrus in California began in the 1890s, and the conservation and utilization system of these were structured in 1910, shortly after the establishment of Citrus Experiment Station (CES) in Riverside [87]. H.J. Webber, the first manager of the station, ensured the establishment of Citrus Variety Collection in 1917 in the field which is currently in the Riverside Campus Area of California University. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Citrus and Dates (NCGRCD) was established as a top organization for the coordination of citrus genetic resources studies in 1974. It is working in close cooperation with other two establishments. There are about 350 virus-free accessions under its conservation [84]. The most important collection is located at National Research Center for Cassava and Fruit Crops, CNPMF in Cruz das Almas/Bahaia, which includes 1858 accessions in Brazil. Valencia Agricultural Research Institute [Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA)] is responsible for all the actions regarding citrus genetic resources. According to the last records, there are 478 elite accessions in total including 13 genera (16 accessions) of the Aurantioidea subfamily in addition to Citrus genus in IVIA [84, 88]. In France, 1300 accessions at Agricultural Research Station SRA tied to National Agricultural Research Institute (Institut National de la Recherches Agronomiques – The National Agronomic Research Institute (INRA) at San Nicola in Corsica Island exist in “SRA Citrus Collection” [84]. In terms of citrus genetic resources, mainly, there is one established citrus germplasm in Turkey. This establishment is named as Tuzcu Citrus Collection (TCC) and consists of 964 accessions in Çukurova University Faculty of Agriculture [80]. 4. Some developed citrus rootstocks and their tolerance to abiotic stress The first use of rootstocks in citriculture was in 1842 against Phytophthora in Azores Islands through the use of resistant rootstocks. Since then, commercial citrus orchards are established by combining scion and rootstocks in order to achieve the highest quality for the scion. The use of rootstocks in citrus decreases the long juvenility period and allows the cultivation of citrus under several abiotic and biotic stress conditions. The physiology of the whole tree is affected by rootstock, including traits of economic relevance such as fruit yield, fruit size, juice quality, tree vigor, and resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses [89]. Fruit maturation, fruit holding on tree, and postharvest preservation are also affected by rootstock [90]. There is no ideal rootstock in order to manage all abiotic and biotic stress conditions. For instance, sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) which has a high adaptation capability to different soil conditions has been the most commonly used rootstock in commercial citrus trees. Also, sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) is tolerant to root rot, citrus blight disease, calcareous soils, water deficit, and cold, inducing high yield and high fruit quality. However, sour orange is susceptible to citrus tristeza virus, and the usage of this rootstock is decreasing in some countries due to the existence of CTV. On the contrary, Rangpur lime (C. limonia), Volkamer lemon (C. volkameriana V. Ten. and Pasq.), and rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.) are drought resistant and increase the fruit yield of the grafted scion. Besides, they reduce the fruit quality as compared to fruits obtained from sour orange, trifoliate orange, Carrizo citrange, and Troyer citrange. However, they are sensitive to cold. The search for new rootstock in citrus production as well as many fruit species is necessary to sustain production under the inevitable abiotic stresses in many different ecological conditions of the citrus-growing areas of the world. Also, new diseases, the spread of the known diseases, and different environmental conditions affected by the climatic change force the demand for developing new citrus rootstocks. Below, we have tried to cover and explain some of the newly released citrus rootstocks obtained by breeding programs carried out in several countries by several researchers. Swingle citrumelo is a hybrid of Duncan grapefruit and trifoliate orange produced in 1907 by Swingle and released by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1974. Since then, it has been used successfully as a rootstock in many countries. Most varieties produce very satisfactory yields of good to excellent quality fruit on Swingle citrumelo. Fruits produced on Swingle citrumelo are similar to sour orange, Carrizo, and Troyer citranges in terms of fruit quality. The trees have good cold-hardiness only slightly inferior to that of trees on trifoliate oranges. Scions on Swingle citrumelo are very tolerant to CTV, blight, and root rot as well as being resistant to citrus nematodes. They also have good exocortis and xyloporosis tolerance. The trees grow well on most soils and are reportedly especially tolerant of waterlogged conditions. In contrast, Swingle citrumelo is an unacceptable choice in heavy clay, calcareous soils, and high pH soils. Swingle is sensitive to high pH soils and is unsuitable for highly calcareous soils. Therefore, it is not so popular in many Mediterranean countries. Tolerant to environmental and soil conditions, Swingle citrumelo is sensitive to high chloride levels in soil and irrigation water but is more salt tolerant than other trifoliate hybrids such as Carrizo and Troyer citranges. Swingle has moderate drought tolerance [91]. Citranges are known as hybrids of sweet orange and trifoliate orange. The main purpose of the citrange development in Florida was to combine good traits of sweet orange with the cold-hardiness of the trifoliate orange in order to create cold hardy scions. Although unsuccessful, a most significant source of new rootstocks was produced instead. There are several named selections, the more important of which are Carrizo and Troyer citranges. These are hybrids of Washington navel orange and Poncirus trifoliata. The original crosses were made in the early 1900s by the United States Department of Agriculture with the intention of producing cold-tolerant scion varieties. They were later identified as being suitable for use as rootstocks. Fruit quality of the scion on Carrizo and Troyer is excellent. Trees on both grow moderately vigorous on a range of soil types but have poor salt tolerance and are sensitive to calcareous soils and exocortis virus. They have intermediate frost tolerance but are less cold-hardy than those on Cleopatra mandarin and trifoliate orange. In Turkey, Troyer citrange and trifoliate orange show superior fruit quality for Satsuma mandarins, and they are the mainly used rootstock in Aegean region of Turkey. However, using Carrizo citrange as a rootstock to especially mandarins and oranges is more common due to high soil pH levels in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. In general, the performance of Carrizo citrange is slightly better than Troyer in cancerous soils of Çukurova. However, sour orange is the main rootstock in Turkey. Ninety percent of citrus varieties in Turkey are grafted on the sour orange rootstock. Benton citrange is a hybrid of Ruby Blood orange and trifoliate orange. It was bred in the late 1940s by the Department of Agriculture, New South Wales, Australia. The seed was first released to the industry in 1984. There are some commercial plantings using this rootstock which were established in 1990, but poor seed production in the seed source trees has been an impediment to its widespread usage. Because of its erratic performance under orange and mandarin scions, it is only recommended for Eureka lemons in Australia and only replant situations in Queensland. In Florida, Benton citrange is recommended for small-scale commercial trials with oranges and grapefruit. Trees on Benton rootstock are reported to be moderately cold tolerant and higher yielding. C-35 citrange was bred by the University of California and released in 1987 and is a hybrid obtained by crossing Ruby Blood orange × Webber-Fawcett trifoliate. C-35 is tolerant to Phytophthora and CTV and resistant to citrus nematodes. Frost tolerance is good as or slightly better than Carrizo. Trees grow 25% smaller than Carrizo, making C-35 a candidate for closer spacing plantings. Trees grown in sandy, loam, and clay soils are satisfactory, but they are more sensitive to calcareous soils than Carrizo. C-32 has the same parentage as C-35 citrange and is a hybrid between Ruby orange and Webber-Fawcett trifoliate. Its very low seed production makes this citrange’s seedling propagation difficult in order to use as rootstock [91]. Several rootstock breeding programs have been carried out by different leading countries in citrus industry in order to handle increasing problematic issues by abiotic and biotic stress factors. Forner et al. [62] reported two new rootstocks released in Spain. Forner-Alcaide 5 (F-A 5) and Forner-Alcaide 13 (F-A 13) are two interspecific hybrids obtained through traditional hybridization by a senior author in a program for breeding citrus rootstocks at the IVIA in Moncada (Valencia), Spain. The researchers aimed to obtain new rootstocks tolerant to CTV, salinity, and lime-induced chlorosis and resistant to Phytophthora. They reported the resistance of F-A 5 and F-A 13 to CTV. In addition, F-A 5 was found to be more tolerant to lime-induced chlorosis than Carrrizo citrange, whereas F-A 13 is less tolerant [92]. Besides, both rootstocks have good tolerance to salinity and an excellent tolerance to flooding, as reported. Gonzalez-Mas et al. [53] conducted a rootstock field study in order to investigate rootstock effects on leaf photosynthesis in ”Navelina” trees grown in calcareous soil. Authors have used seven new citrus rootstocks with Carrizo citrange obtained by J. Forner at the IVIA: F-A 5, F-A 13, F-A 418, F-A 517, 030116 (Cleopatra mandarin × P. trifoliata), 020324 (Troyer citrange × Cleopatra mandarin), and 230164 (C. volkameriana Ten. and Pasq. × P. trifoliata). Trees grafted on F-A 5 performed best under these calcareous soil conditions, whereas those on Carrizo citrange were poorly adapted, regarding the parameters investigated. Bowman and Rouse [63] reported the release of US-812 citrus rootstock in May 2001 by the Agricultural Research Service of the USDA and is the result of a cross between Sunki mandarin and Benecke trifoliate. The rootstock was found to be highly productive of good quality fruit with a moderate vigor (standard medium tree size) as it was reported. The US-812 shows tolerance or resistance to CTV and citrus blight. It was reported that US-812 has good soil adaptability and disease resistance. Valencia orange grafted on US-812 performed well under high pH conditions in calcareous soils. Bowman [93] also introduced US-802 and US-897 and reported high productive per tree size, good soil adaptability and disease resistance, tolerance of Diaprepes and Phytophthora complex, large contrast in vigor, and tree size as the forthcoming features of the rootstocks. Besides, US-942 rootstock is very highly productive with good fruit quality and soil adaptability. According to the report of Federici et al. [64], three new citrus rootstocks were released in 2009 by the University of California, Riverside. These three rootstocks were named as “Bitters,” “Carpenter,” and “Furr” trifoliate hybrids, tested as C22, C54, and C57, respectively, and obtained by sexual hybridization of Sunki mandarin × Swingle trifoliate orange. The main character of these three hybrids is they all show good tolerance to citrus tristeza virus. As reported by Federici et al. [64], ”Bitters” showed good tolerance to freezing. It is tolerant to CTV, moderately tolerant to Phytophthora parasitica, not very tolerant of citrus nematode, and very tolerant of calcareous soil. “Carpenter” showed moderate tolerance to freezing. It is tolerant to CTV, moderately tolerant to P. parasitica, very tolerant of citrus nematode, and moderately tolerant of calcareous soil. “Furr” also showed good tolerance to freezing, and it is tolerant to CTV, very tolerant to P. parasitica, very tolerant of citrus nematode, and moderately tolerant of calcareous soil [64]. 5. Breeding techniques for tolerance to abiotic stress: Traditional and biotechnological approaches Nearly all commercial citrus in the world are grown as grafted trees, with the scion cultivar budded on a selected rootstock cultivar. A good scion and rootstock combination supports the development of trees that bear large quantities of high-quality fruit. However, many available rootstocks are inadequate to meet the emerging needs and challenges. A large proportion of the problems faced by the citrus industry could be overcome by the use of improved rootstocks [93, 94]. However, developing an improved rootstock is a long-term approach because of the several difficulties, mainly the complexity of citrus biology. Typically, it takes at least 15 years from the begging of a cross-hybridization program until a new selected rootstock is released to the industry for a commercial use. 5.1. Traditional breeding Although somatic hybridizations via in vitro culture methods and genetic transformation via the regeneration process of plant tissues have opened new enthusiastic prospects for citrus genetic improvement, classical breeding techniques still remain important for citrus breeding. Genetic variations have a great importance in terms of plant breeding. These variations can be obtained either spontaneously or artificially by mutations and sexual hybridizations in order to achieve specific breeding objectives. Planned or unplanned sexual hybridizations have been responsible for the evolution of the new genotypes for using either rootstock or scion. Many intergenic hybrids were produced by controlled pollination. For example, citranges (C. sinensis × P. trifoliate), citrumelos (C. paradisi × P. trifoliata), citremons (C. lemon × P. trifoliate), citradia (C. aurantium × P. trifoliate), citrumquat (Fortunella spp. × P. trifoliate), and Eremoradia (Eremocitrus glauca × C. aurantium). Citrus flowers usually bloom in the spring in one great flush, except acid limes and lemons which are noted for flowering throughout the year in cold subtropical climates. In tropics, flowering may occur more than once throughout the year. In addition, drought and excessive fertilizing may induce flowering. Citrus flowers are mostly hermaphrodite and release pollen when the stigma is receptive. However, there are some exceptions such as staminate and pistillate flowers occurring in lemons Satsumas, Shamouti, and sour orange. Besides, late harvest of the fruits instead of optimum harvest time and fertilization deficiencies can increase the ratio of staminate and pistillate flowers on trees. Besides, W. Navels are known to have the ability to set parthenocarpic fruits due to their pollenless flowers. The flowers never close; the petals merely shed a few days later. The stigma becomes receptive just before the bud breaks open, but the stamens usually do not release pollen until several hours later, after the flower is fully open. This should be considered in terms of collecting flowers for pollens to be used as male parents. Most pollination in citrus is done by insects except for varieties showing parthenocarpy that no pollination is required for fruit development. Many citrus cultivars are known to be self-incompatible and, in some cases, cross-incompatible. With such cultivars, an appropriate pollen supply and pollinating agents is needed. Pollination requirements vary among the species and cultivars. For example, open pollinated flowers of grapefruit result in significant increases in both fruit number and seed numbers. When lemons are protected from insect visitations, a set of fruits decreases. Pummelos are known to be self-incompatible as well as Clementines, Lee, Page, Nova, and Robinson. In contrast, no pollination problems have been observed in citron, kumquat, Meyer lemon, and trifoliate orange, but there have been problems of seed set in ”Morton” end “Troyer” citrange [95]. We consider the apomixes as one of the major problems in citrus rootstock breeding. Nucellar embryony is the most unusual feature that exists in the reproductive biology of citrus. This mechanism limits crossing and selfing in many varieties. Most of the genotypes that can play important roles as female parents in traditional crossing studies are highly apomictic (for example, see Table 3, unpublished data recorded at the Çukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Citrus Germplasm Orchards). Hence, citrus breeding is limited by nucellar embryony of most diploid genotypes [96, 97]. The nucellar tissue which surrounds the megagametophyte can produce additional embryos (polyembryony) which are genetically identical to the parent plant. In contrast, zygotic seedlings are sexually produced and inherit genetic material from both parents. Zygotic and nucellar embryos can occur in the same seed. Not all citrus species exhibit the characteristic of polyembryony, a some produce only zygotic embryos (pummelo, citron, Clementine, Temple, and Persian lime, for example). Others produce only nucellar embryos. Many citron and lime varieties produce a significant percentage of zygotic seedlings but oranges, grapefruit, and many mandarins usually have a low percentage. Genotype Polyembryony (%) Tuzcu 01-21 sour orange 60 Carrizo citrange 92 Troyer citrange 71 Swingle citrumelo 50 Local trifoliate (P.trifoliata) 80 Cleopatra mandarin 95 Volkameriana 60 Rough lemon 56 Florida Rough lemon 93 Sunki mandarin 50 Yuzu 60 Taiwanica 50 King mandarin 81 C. myrtifolia 85 C. obovidea 76 Polyembryony ratio of some potential genotypes in CU Citrus Germplasm Orchards to be used in breeding studies. In addition, sexual hybridization faces some constrains in citrus, due to high heterozygosity, long juvenility, and polyembryony of most citrus cultivars. Moreover, it is difficult to identify sexual hybrid embryos in their early stage. In this case, using trifoliate oranges, which are valuable rootstocks due to their characteristics such as cold-hardiness and resistance to root rot, CTV, and nematodes, gains another importance for citrus rootstock breeding against polyembryony. Since the trifoliate character is dominant, progenies exhibiting the trifoliate phenotype of the pollen parent can be considered as putative hybrids. So using trifoliate trait as a morphological marker is useful for early separation and characterization in citrus rootstock breeding studies. In contrast, progenies obtained by crossing combinations using polyembryonic genotypes as females have to be identified via molecular markers systems (RAPD and SSR) in order to speed up the separation of zygotic hybrids from nucellar seedlings. Controlled cross-pollination in citrus is mainly performed for combing desirable traits from different genotypes or species and inducing heterosis. Based on this method, many hybrid rootstocks between citrus and Poncirus have been developed (see Section 4). Controlled pollination is relatively easy in citrus. Seed parent and pollen parent flowers should be protected against contamination. Emasculation is generally easy and less effortless at the flowers that are nearly ready to open. Emasculation is accomplished by gently separating the petals, pulling off the anthers while avoiding contact with stigma. Pollination should be carried out immediately after emasculation. A special storage of the pollen is seldom necessary while crossing within the genus Citrus. The genera Poncirus and Fortunella can be crossed with Citrus. Trifoliate orange naturally bloom earlier than citrus, so the pollens must be stored until the flowering time of Citrus. Pollens should be collected from unopened flowers from the branches of trees. After a waiting period of 24 h in the room temperature, a high quantity of pollen grains can be collected from anthers. Calcium chloride can be used as a drying agent just before storage of the pollen grains in a cold condition. On the contrary, Fortunella bloom much later than citrus in many areas. Figure 5 presents a traditional breeding procedure in citrus at Çukurova University, Citrus Germplasm Orchards. Traditional cross-hybridization in citrus. (A) a large unopened bud, (B) emasculation, (C) pollination of the emasculated flower, (D) cotton pad wrapping around the twig, (E) bagged twig, (F) general view of the seed parent after crossing. Fruit breeding, especially using classical breeding methods, is a difficult work taking a lot of time. In terms of citrus, chance seedlings were the main source for the cultivars, and spontaneous mutations on branches were used to select new cultivars. Current breeding projects in the present day is crossing superior selections and inducing mutations for seedlessness as well as crossing at different ploidy levels for seedless triploids. 5.2. Current biotechnologies applied in rootstock breeding Genetic improvement of citrus through conventional breeding is limited by their genetic and reproductive characteristics. Citrus species have a complex reproductive biology, with many cases of cross- and self-incompatibility, apomixis, and high heterozygosity, and most of them have very long juvenile periods. Most species are highly heterozygous and produce progeny segregating widely many characters when crosses are made. In addition, juvenile periods are often extensive and most significantly, the presence of adventitious embryos in the nucellus of developing ovules of most citrus types greatly inhibits hybrid production [97, 98]. Plant somatic hybridization via protoplast fusion has become an important tool in plant improvement, allowing researchers to combine somatic cells (whole or partial) from different cultivars, species, or genera resulting in novel genetic combinations including symmetric allotetraploid somatic hybrids, asymmetric somatic hybrids, or somatic cybrids [99]. Briefly, the development of hybrid plants through the fusion of somatic protoplast derived from different sources of two different plant cultivars, species, and genera is called somatic hybridization. The technique of somatic hybridization involves the following steps: (1) isolation of protoplasts, (2) fusion of the protoplasts obtained from desired genotype, (3) culturing the hybrid cells, and (4) regeneration of hybrid plant. Mechanical or enzymatic methods can be used for the separation of protoplasts from plant tissue. However, the mechanical method is a laborious process that has some disadvantages such as low yield of protoplast and low protoplast viability. A plant cell consists of cell wall which has to be degraded if the protoplasts of the cell have to be manipulated as required. For this purpose, the plant cell is treated with enzymes, such as pectinase, macerozyme, cellulase, etc., that hydrolyze the plant cell wall. Since protoplasts are present in every plant cell, it can be theoretically isolated from all parts of the plant. But most successful isolations are made possible from the leaf of the plants. Once purified protoplasts have been obtained from two different plant or tissue sources, various treatments can be given to induce them to fuse together. Generally, chemical agents or electrical manipulation is necessary to induce membrane instability that leads to protoplast fusion. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is used most frequently in conjunction with alkaline pH and high calcium concentrations. There are a number of steps in the fusion of plant protoplasts using PEG as a chemical facilitator. Another type of cell fusion that has emerged in recent years involves the manipulation of cell membranes by electrical currents. This process involves passing low-voltage electric pulses in a solution of protoplasts to be fused so that they line up for fusion. The protoplasts can be fused by subjecting it to brief exposure to high-voltage electric current which leads to alteration of membrane so that the adjacent protoplasts fuse. Electrofusion of plant protoplasts is often preferred over PEG fusion because it does not employ reagents that are toxic to the cells being fused. As with all other procedures, the conditions for electrofusion must be optimized for specific cell types to achieve maximum effectiveness. Typically, a yield of 20% or greater fusion products can be obtained by electrofusion of protoplasts compared to less than 1% fusion products with PEG [100]. Somatic cell fusion could overcome sexual incompatibility and long juvenility and may play a potential role in citrus genetic improvement, including producing directly or indirectly superior varieties, improving citrus scion and rootstock, or creating allopolyploids for triploid breeding [101, 102]. As Grosser and Gmitter [103] reported, this technique can facilitate conventional breeding, gene transfer, and cultivar development by bypassing some problems associated with the conventional sexual hybridization including sexual incompatibility, nucellar embryogenesis, and male or female sterility. Conversely, somatic hybridization is very promising for citrus rootstock breeding for combining genotypes having different tolerance to abiotic stress [104]. Citrus rootstock differs in terms of tolerance/resistance to abiotic stress conditions. Incompatibility between some genotypes that have high level of tolerance to abiotic stress conditions limits the usage of traditional hybridization [105]. Oigawara et al. [106] reported the first intergeneric citrus hybrids obtained by combining embryonic callus of sweet orange and Poncirus trifoliate leaves via protoplast fusion. Grosser et al. [107] indicated that the regeneration of more than 300 plants obtained by protoplast fusion of Hamlin sweet orange and Flying Dragon trifoliate. The regenerated plants were determined as tetraploids. Kobayashi and Ohgawara [108] recovered tetraploid somatic hybrids by fusing the protoplast obtained from the embryonic callus of Trovita orange and leaf mesophyll protoplasts of Troyer citrange. Grosser et al. [109] reported tetraploid somatic hybrids obtained by fusing the protoplast via PEG method. They used several manipulations such as Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni) + trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L) Raf.), Acidless orange (Citrus sinensis (L) Osb.) + trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L) Raf.), sour orange (Citrus aurantium L) + Flying Dragon trifoliate (Poncirus trifoliata), sour orange (Citrus aurantium L) + Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia Osb.), and Milam lemon + Sun Chu Sha mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Tetraploid plants were identified and propagated for further rootstock experiments. Ollitrault et al. [104] had reported the first intergeneric somatic hybrid obtained from protoplast fusion between Citrus reticulata + Fortunella japonica in France. The authors have regenerated approximately 100 plantlets by several manipulations (C. reticulata + C. sinensis, C. reticulata + C. paradisi, C. reticulata + C. limon, C. reticulata + C. aurantifolia, C. reticulata + Poncirus trifoliata, and Citrus aurantium + Eremocitrus glauca) and reported the possible use of these population as parental germplasm for both scion and rootstock breeding programs in citrus. Grosser et al. [99] indicated that the somatic hybrids obtained by Citrus + Severinia and Citrus + Fortunella crassifolia had lower performance as rootstocks, whereas promising performance was recorded from the scion grafted on somatic hybrids obtained from the manipulations of Acidless orange + Atalantia ceylanica and Nova mandarin + Citropsis gilletiana. Also, the researchers reported the dwarfing effects of somatic hybrids obtained by fusing the protoplast of sour orange + Flaying Dragon and Cleopatra mandarin + Flying Dragon. Ollitrault et al. [16] had selected 11 allotetraploid somatic hybrids by using flow cytometry and molecular markers and propagated them for rootstock trials in order to investigate their tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress. Mourão Filho et al. [110] reported the root rot tolerance of the somatic hybrids (”Cleopatra” mandarin + “Volkamer” lemon, “Cleopatra” mandarin + sour orange, “Caipira” sweet orange + “Volkamer” lemon, and “Caipira” sweet orange + “Rangpur” lime). Somatic hybrid combinations involving sour orange or Fortunella obovata as one of the progenitors were intolerant to CTV. They suggested future filed evaluations with somatic hybrids, especially those with tolerance to CTV. In addition to these findings, tetraploid rootstocks usually have a built-in tree-size control mechanism due to some unknown physiological reaction with the diploid scion. Mourão Filho et al. [110] indicated that plants budded on tetraploid rootstocks are generally smaller, which could lead to reduced harvest costs and greater production efficiency. In Florida, more than 70 somatic hybrids that can potentially be used as rootstocks have already entered into commercial field trials. Preliminary results from these trials have shown that somatic hybrid rootstocks can produce adequate yields of high-quality sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) on small trees [111]. Ollitrault et al. [112] reported an intergeneric somatic hybrid between Willow leaf mandarin and Pomeroy trifoliate named as ”Flhorag1.” Dambier et al. [44] reported the agronomic evaluation of the Flhorag1 in Morocco. Valencia orange trees on Flhorag1 displayed the lowest growth followed by Carrizo citrange and Volkamer lemon in an agreement regarding tetraploid rootstocks controlling the tree size [109]. Flhorag1 also proved highly tolerant to iron deficiency (unpublished data of Çukurova University obtained within the framework of the INCO ”CIBEWU” project). Genetic transformation is also an attractive alternative technique for citrus genetic improvement. Almeida et al. reported that genetic transformation in Citrus has been obtained mainly from juvenile material such as embryogenic cells, epicotyl segments from in vitro germinated seedlings, and internodal segments from plants cultivated in the greenhouse due to a higher morphogenic ability compared to that of mature tissues [113, 114, 115, 116]. Peña et al. [18] concluded that the transformation efficiencies are generally low, and protocols are dependent on species, or even cultivar dependent. One of the limitations within this technology is low plant regeneration frequencies especially for many of the economically important citrus species [117, 118]. Another big area of biotechnology is DNA marker technology, derived from research in molecular genetics and genomics, which offers great promise for plant breeding. Owing to genetic linkage, DNA markers can be used to detect the presence of allelic variation in the genes underlying these traits. By using DNA markers to assist in plant breeding, efficiency and precision could be greatly increased. The use of DNA markers in plant breeding is called marker-assisted selection (MAS) and is a component of the new discipline of ”molecular breeding” [119]. Genomic research in recent years led to the development of screening tools via marker-assisted selection, which enables much more efficient selection of superior recombinants improved for multiple traits from conventional breeding efforts. MAS can increase the efficiency of citrus breeding and may speed the release of new cultivars. In this section, the possibilities of using MAS method for early selection in citrus rootstock breeding programs will be discussed. MAS can be very useful to efficiently select for traits that are difficult or expensive to measure, exhibit low heritability, and are expressed late in development. However, it is usually essential to confirm at certain points in the breeding process that the selected individuals or their progeny do in fact express the desired phenotype or trait. Marker types can be classified as morphological, biochemical, cytological, and DNA based (molecular). The successful application of MAS relies on the tight association between the marker and the major gene or quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis responsible for the trait [120]. Carillo et al. [121] reported that many studies have focused on mapping QTLs for salt tolerance-related traits in rice because of its requirement for irrigation for maximum yield, its sensitivity to salinity, and its relatively small genome. Gmitter et al. [122] reported that a localized genetic linkage map of the region surrounding the citrus tristeza virus resistance gene was developed from P. trifoliate. The authors indicated that the identification of markers tightly linked to CTV will enable citrus breeders to identify plants likely to be CTV resistant by indirect, marker-assisted selection, rather than by labor-intensive direct challenge with the pathogen. For early selection in rootstock breeding program in citrus, Xu et al. [123] suggested that the feasible application of MAS in citrus rootstock breeding for citrus nematode resistance needs at least two genetic markers, each corresponding to related locus, in order to pyramiding the multi-genes associated or cofunctioned in controlling the citrus nematode resistance. Citrus species are the most produced fruit crops and one of the most imported fruit groups subjected in both domestic and export markets. Citrus fruits can be produced in the tropical, semi-tropical, and subtropical climates with such a great market value. Factors limiting citrus growth in these climates significantly vary. Epidemic levels of disease and pest regarding the ecological conditions (temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation) also remarkably differ. On the contrary, the existence of common abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and iron chlorosis in citrus-producing countries differs depending on the countries and the production areas of the countries. Rootstock is used for a successful citrus production against the abiotic stresses discussed. In addition, searching for dwarfing rootstock, which enables high-density planting, has gained importance in terms of increasing the fruit yield per area, fruit quality, use of mechanical pruning, harvesting and decreasing pest, and disease management in citriculture. With this knowledge, we can say that there is no ideal rootstock which can combine all these traits. Hence, countries with different ecological conditions have to manage individual rootstock programs. In contrast, abiotic and biotic factors as well as the producer demands change depending on market conditions and new trends. Thus, breeding studies have to be persistent and managed by the current production situation and future demands. In several breeding programs, existing rootstocks or genotypes that can be used as rootstocks in citrus production have been screened for abiotic stress conditions, and their current tolerance/resistance levels had been reported. These rootstocks currently have been used in citriculture depending on the ecological conditions of the producer countries. In addition, traditional breeding studies were carried out with these genotypes in order to combine their different tolerance/resistance characteristics in one genotype. Several successful rootstocks have been obtained so far by breeding programs. But traditional breeding takes at least 15 years from the begging of a cross-hybridization program until a new selected rootstock is released to the industry for a commercial use and limited by the complex reproductive biology of citrus. Therefore, rootstock breeders have begun to benefit using biotechnological methods in citrus breeding such as somatic hybridization, genetic transformation, and marker-assisted selection in recent years. Genetic capacities of the parents or genotypes have great importance in breeding studies whichever method (traditional or biotechnological) is used, since the aim of breeding is to expose or combine the existing genetic capacity of parents. Therefore, screening both ex situ and in situ germplasm in the world regarding problems of citrus producer is necessary. Using promising genotypes obtained in screening studies carried out in germplasms in addition to current citrus rootstock will result in an increase in breeding programs. As mentioned before, stress conditions are not stable and differ regarding the ecological conditions. Therefore, the sustainability of germplasm is necessary as long as human beings and citriculture exist. Practical experience shows that abiotic stresses occur at high or low intensity in about all citricultural growing areas around the world. In this study, we have tried to explain the current situation of using citrus rootstocks for tolerance to abiotic stresses and breeding studies resulted and ongoing against abiotic stress in citrus production. 2.Types of abiotic stresses in citriculture 3.Germplasm and genetic variability 4.Some developed citrus rootstocks and their tolerance to abiotic stress 5.Breeding techniques for tolerance to abiotic stress: Traditional and biotechnological approaches 6.Conclusions How to cite and reference Link to this chapter Copy to clipboard Cite this chapter Copy to clipboard Berken Cimen and Turgut Yesiloglu (February 17th 2016). Rootstock Breeding for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Citrus, Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants - Recent Advances and Future Perspectives, Arun K. Shanker and Chitra Shanker, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/62047. Available from: Over 21,000 IntechOpen readers like this topic Help us write another book on this subject and reach those readers Suggest a book topicBooks open for submissions 2554total chapter downloads 6Crossref citations More statistics for editors and authors Login to your personal dashboard for more detailed statistics on your publications. Access personal reporting Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants Edited by Arun Shanker Cowpea Breeding for Drought Tolerance — From Brazil to World By Maria Antonia Machado Barbosa, Allan Klynger da Silva Lobato, Milton Hélio Lima da Silva, Gabriel Mascarenhas Maciel and Douglas José Marques Abiotic Stress in PlantsMechanisms and AdaptationsEdited by Arun Shanker Abiotic Stress in Plants Imaging of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence: A Tool to Study Abiotic Stress in Plants By Lucia Guidi and Elena Degl’Innocenti We are IntechOpen, the world's leading publisher of Open Access books. Built by scientists, for scientists. Our readership spans scientists, professors, researchers, librarians, and students, as well as business professionals. We share our knowledge and peer-reveiwed research papers with libraries, scientific and engineering societies, and also work with corporate R&D departments and government entities. Book Subject Areas HomeNewsContactCareers AboutOur Authors and EditorsScientific AdvisorsTeamEventsPartnerships PublishAbout Open AccessHow it worksOA Publishing FeesOpen Access fundingPeer ReviewingEditorial Policies IntechOpen Limited 10 Lower Thames Street London, EC3R 6AF, UK © 2019 IntechOpen. All rights reserved.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9320
__label__wiki	0.954305	0.954305	Luke Strimbold, outside Burns Lake municipal offices. (Black Press Media file photo) Former Burns Lake mayor faces 10 new sex-related charges Luke Strimbold faces 29 counts of sex-related crimes Aug. 9, 2018 1:57 p.m. Ten new sex-related charges were approved Thursday against former Burns Lake mayor Luke Strimbold. According to the BC Prosecution Service, the charges involve three new alleged victims, and bring the total number of charges approved to 29 and the total number of victims to six, all under the age of 16. Their identities are covered under a publication ban. The charges, which span May 2009 to July 2017, include 11 counts of sexual assault, seven counts of invitation to sexual touching, and 11 counts of sexual interference. READ MORE: Former mayor facing sex charges involving minors during time in office Special prosecutor Leonard Doust, who was appointed to oversee the case, declined to approve one other charge. No details were provided on what that was. Doust’s charge approval came as a direct indictment, which avoids the need for a preliminary inquiry and allows the case to head straight to trial. Since his arrest and release on Feb. 3, Strimbold has been under conditions that include not being in contact with people under the age of 18 and avoiding places where young people gather. He is scheduled to appear at B.C. Supreme Court in Smithers on Oct. 1. Snakes rattling up trouble for wildfire crews near Keremeos 1 dead, 8 escape after residential explosion, fire in Abbotsford	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9322
__label__wiki	0.820556	0.820556	SAN Contracts in the UK excluding London SAN Vacancies Permanent IT Jobs Contract IT Jobs 6 months 3 months to 20 January 2020 The following table provides summary statistics for contract job vacancies advertised in the UK excluding London with a requirement for SAN skills. Included is a benchmarking guide to the contractor rates offered in vacancies that have cited SAN over the 6 months to 20 January 2020 with a comparison to the same period in the previous 2 years. Note that daily and hourly rates are treated separately in these statistics. When calculating contractor rate percentiles, daily rates are never derived from quoted hourly rates or vice versa. UK > UK excluding London 6 months to Same period 2019 Rank change year-on-year +24 -43 -12 Contract jobs citing SAN 421 540 624 As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK excluding London 1.05% 1.04% 1.22% As % of the Communications & Networking category 6.65% 7.12% 7.98% Number of daily rates quoted 243 302 363 UK excluding London median daily rate £375 £375 £375 10th Percentile £263 £263 £255 UK median daily rate £386 £385 £400 % change year-on-year +0.32% -3.75% +5.96% Number of hourly rates quoted 26 15 22 UK excluding London median hourly rate £47.25 £40.00 £24.50 Median hourly rate % change year-on-year +18.13% +63.27% -10.91% 10th Percentile £23.13 £14.13 £13.05 UK median hourly rate £48.75 £43.59 £23.25 % change year-on-year +11.84% +87.48% -45.93% SAN is in the Communications and Computer Networking category. The following table is for comparison with the above and provides summary statistics for all contract job vacancies advertised in the UK excluding London with a requirement for communications or computer networking skills. All Communications and Computer Networking Skills UK excluding London Contract vacancies with a requirement for communications or computer networking skills 6,327 7,587 7,820 As % of all contract IT jobs advertised in the UK excluding London 15.71% 14.57% 15.23% Number of daily rates quoted 3,564 4,238 4,505 Median daily rate % change year-on-year - +6.67% - % change year-on-year -3.53% +6.25% - Number of hourly rates quoted 427 444 516 Median hourly rate % change year-on-year +17.14% -7.89% -15.56% % change year-on-year +22.44% +0.27% -16.89% Job Vacancy Trend in the UK excluding London Job postings citing SAN as a percentage of all IT jobs advertised in the UK excluding London. Contractor Daily Rate Trend in the UK excluding London This chart provides the 3-month moving average for daily rates quoted in contract jobs citing SAN in the UK excluding London. Contractor Daily Rate Histogram in the UK excluding London The daily rate distribution of IT jobs citing SAN in the UK excluding London over the 6 months to 20 January 2020. Contractor Hourly Rate Trend in the UK excluding London This chart provides the 3-month moving average for contractor hourly rates quoted in IT jobs citing SAN in the UK excluding London. Contractor Hourly Rate Histogram in the UK excluding London The hourly rate distribution of IT jobs citing SAN in the UK excluding London over the 6 months to 20 January 2020. Contract Job Locations in the UK excluding London The table below looks at the demand and provides a guide to the median contractor rates quoted in IT jobs citing SAN within the UK excluding London region over the 6 months to 20 January 2020. The 'Rank Change' column provides an indication of the change in demand within each location based on the same 6 month period last year. Rank Change on Same Period IT Job Ads Median Daily Rate South East +31 149 £400 +6.67% 64 North of England +14 104 £375 +5.63% 63 North West +31 61 £400 +14.29% 34 South West 0 43 £370 +3.50% 20 Midlands +22 39 £350 -7.28% 33 Wales +63 38 £475 +111.11% 11 Yorkshire 0 35 £350 - 22 Scotland +6 27 £453 +13.13% 8 West Midlands +37 26 £381 -0.97% 18 East of England +21 17 £325 -13.33% 17 East Midlands +15 13 £300 -14.29% 15 North East +5 8 £375 -6.72% 7 Northern Ireland +9 5 £320 - 3 Top 30 Co-occurring IT Skills in the UK excluding London For the 6 months to 20 January 2020, IT contractor jobs citing SAN also mentioned the following skills in order of popularity. The figures indicate the absolute number co-occurrences and as a proportion of all contract job ads across the UK excluding London region with a requirement for SAN. 1 291 (69.12%) Windows 2 231 (54.87%) VMware 3 184 (43.71%) Microsoft 4 164 (38.95%) Active Directory 5 157 (37.29%) Windows Server 6 139 (33.02%) Azure 7 138 (32.78%) Security Cleared 8 135 (32.07%) VMware Infrastructure 9 131 (31.12%) DNS 10 124 (29.45%) Firewall 11 114 (27.08%) SC Cleared 12 112 (26.60%) Infrastructure Engineering 13 109 (25.89%) Linux 14 106 (25.18%) NAS 15 103 (24.47%) PowerShell 16 95 (22.57%) Cisco 17 92 (21.85%) Office 365 18 89 (21.14%) HP 18 89 (21.14%) EMC 19 84 (19.95%) Disaster Recovery 19 84 (19.95%) Data Centre 20 77 (18.29%) ITIL 20 77 (18.29%) SQL 21 75 (17.81%) Windows Server 2008 22 71 (16.86%) TCP/IP 23 70 (16.63%) Migration 23 70 (16.63%) Hyper-V 24 66 (15.68%) DHCP 24 66 (15.68%) Citrix 25 65 (15.44%) VPN Co-occurring IT Skills in the UK excluding London by Category The follow tables expand on the table above by listing co-occurrences grouped by category. The same job type, locality and period is covered with up to 20 co-occurrences shown in each of the following categories: Application Platforms Database & Business Intelligence Libraries, Frameworks & Software Standards Processes & Methodologies Quality Assurance & Compliance 1 48 (11.40%) MS Exchange 2 27 (6.41%) SharePoint 3 22 (5.23%) Skype for Business 4 17 (4.04%) Exchange Server 2010 5 10 (2.38%) Apache Spark 5 10 (2.38%) Jupyter 5 10 (2.38%) SAS 6 7 (1.66%) Apache 6 7 (1.66%) IIS 7 5 (1.19%) Exchange Server 2013 8 4 (0.95%) Oracle Workflow 9 3 (0.71%) Cloud Foundry 9 3 (0.71%) Confluence 10 2 (0.48%) nginx 11 1 (0.24%) Blackberry Enterprise Server 11 1 (0.24%) CMS 11 1 (0.24%) SharePoint Server 11 1 (0.24%) Tomcat 11 1 (0.24%) WebLogic 11 1 (0.24%) WebSphere 1 49 (11.64%) Microsoft Office 2 9 (2.14%) Microsoft Excel 3 5 (1.19%) Microsoft Project 3 5 (1.19%) MS Visio 4 3 (0.71%) Spreadsheet 5 2 (0.48%) Microsoft PowerPoint 1 4 (0.95%) Payment Gateway 2 3 (0.71%) Remedy ITSM 3 1 (0.24%) assyst 3 1 (0.24%) Workfront 2 92 (21.85%) Office 365 3 60 (14.25%) IaaS 4 54 (12.83%) AWS 4 54 (12.83%) SaaS 5 52 (12.35%) PaaS 6 33 (7.84%) Azure ExpressRoute 7 21 (4.99%) Azure Active Directory 8 11 (2.61%) Cloud Computing 9 7 (1.66%) OneDrive 10 4 (0.95%) GCP 11 3 (0.71%) GitHub 12 2 (0.48%) Amazon EC2 12 2 (0.48%) Amazon ELB 12 2 (0.48%) Amazon S3 12 2 (0.48%) Datadog 12 2 (0.48%) Virtual Private Cloud 13 1 (0.24%) IBM Cloud 13 1 (0.24%) SoftLayer 2 124 (29.45%) Firewall 3 106 (25.18%) NAS 4 71 (16.86%) TCP/IP 5 66 (15.68%) DHCP 6 65 (15.44%) VPN 7 50 (11.88%) WAN 8 46 (10.93%) Internet 8 46 (10.93%) Reverse Proxy 9 39 (9.26%) LAN 10 21 (4.99%) Fibre Channel 11 20 (4.75%) Skype 12 19 (4.51%) Wireless 13 18 (4.28%) iSCSI 14 15 (3.56%) NetScaler 15 13 (3.09%) MPLS 16 12 (2.85%) BGP 17 9 (2.14%) OSPF 17 9 (2.14%) VLAN 18 8 (1.90%) VoIP 1 52 (12.35%) SQL Server 2 14 (3.33%) Azure SQL Database 3 13 (3.09%) Big Data 4 11 (2.61%) Oracle Reports 5 10 (2.38%) Apache Hive 5 10 (2.38%) Apache Zeppelin 5 10 (2.38%) Data Lake 5 10 (2.38%) Hadoop 5 10 (2.38%) Impala 5 10 (2.38%) Relational Database 6 8 (1.90%) Oracle Database 7 7 (1.66%) InterSystems Cache 7 7 (1.66%) SQL Server 2012 8 6 (1.43%) MySQL 9 5 (1.19%) SQL Server Reporting Services 10 3 (0.71%) Data Warehouse 10 3 (0.71%) SQL Server 2008 10 3 (0.71%) SQL Server Integration Services 11 2 (0.48%) Oracle Exadata 11 2 (0.48%) PostgreSQL 1 12 (2.85%) Visual Studio Team System 2 4 (0.95%) Jenkins 2 4 (0.95%) JIRA 3 3 (0.71%) Oracle Forms 4 2 (0.48%) Subversion 5 1 (0.24%) Atlassian Bamboo 5 1 (0.24%) Bitbucket 5 1 (0.24%) CF BOSH 5 1 (0.24%) GCC 5 1 (0.24%) GitLab 5 1 (0.24%) WinDbg 1 31 (7.36%) Finance 2 29 (6.89%) Public Sector 3 10 (2.38%) Retail 3 10 (2.38%) Telecoms 4 6 (1.43%) Publishing 5 3 (0.71%) Back Office 5 3 (0.71%) Banking 5 3 (0.71%) Local Government 5 3 (0.71%) Welsh Language 6 2 (0.48%) Automotive 7 1 (0.24%) Legal 7 1 (0.24%) Manufacturing 7 1 (0.24%) Military 1 100 (23.75%) Infrastructure Engineer 2 66 (15.68%) Architect 3 48 (11.40%) Storage Engineer 4 28 (6.65%) Consultant 5 25 (5.94%) 3rd Line Engineer 5 25 (5.94%) Windows Engineer 6 21 (4.99%) VMware Engineer 7 20 (4.75%) Administrator 7 20 (4.75%) Solutions Architect 8 19 (4.51%) Support Engineer 9 17 (4.04%) Infrastructure Architect 9 17 (4.04%) Server Engineer 10 16 (3.80%) Azure Architect 10 16 (3.80%) Azure Engineer 10 16 (3.80%) Network Engineer 10 16 (3.80%) Platform Engineer 10 16 (3.80%) Storage Consultant 10 16 (3.80%) Windows Infrastructure Engineer 11 15 (3.56%) Backup Engineer 11 15 (3.56%) Storage and Backup Engineer 1 42 (9.98%) Web Services 2 10 (2.38%) Apache NiFi 2 10 (2.38%) Kafka 3 9 (2.14%) Middleware 3 9 (2.14%) Oracle Fusion 4 5 (1.19%) LDAP 5 2 (0.48%) .NET 6 1 (0.24%) ASP.NET 6 1 (0.24%) Django 6 1 (0.24%) Node.js 6 1 (0.24%) X-Windows 1 84 (19.95%) Data Centre 2 51 (12.11%) Replication 3 34 (8.08%) Clustering 4 30 (7.13%) EMC VNX 5 22 (5.23%) Self-Motivation 6 19 (4.51%) Hybrid Cloud 7 15 (3.56%) VxBlock/Vblock 8 14 (3.33%) Enterprise Software 9 13 (3.09%) EMC VMAX 10 10 (2.38%) Analytical Skills 10 10 (2.38%) PKI 11 9 (2.14%) Celerra 11 9 (2.14%) Microsoft Licensing 12 8 (1.90%) CLARiiON 12 8 (1.90%) Management Information System 12 8 (1.90%) Private Cloud 13 7 (1.66%) Enterprise Storage 13 7 (1.66%) Public Cloud 14 6 (1.43%) Client/Server 14 6 (1.43%) Driving Licence 3 109 (25.89%) Linux 4 75 (17.81%) Windows Server 2008 6 53 (12.59%) Unix 7 49 (11.64%) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 38 (9.03%) Windows 10 9 20 (4.75%) Solaris 10 13 (3.09%) Windows Server 2003 11 12 (2.85%) CentOS 11 12 (2.85%) HPUX 12 9 (2.14%) AIX 13 7 (1.66%) Data ONTAP 14 5 (1.19%) Windows 7 15 4 (0.95%) Oracle Linux 15 4 (0.95%) SUSE 16 3 (0.71%) Ubuntu 17 2 (0.48%) Windows XP 18 1 (0.24%) zOS 1 112 (26.60%) Infrastructure Engineering 2 84 (19.95%) Disaster Recovery 3 77 (18.29%) ITIL 4 70 (16.63%) Migration 5 36 (8.55%) Agile Software Development 6 33 (7.84%) Information Security 7 32 (7.60%) Project Delivery 7 32 (7.60%) SOA 8 30 (7.13%) Problem-Solving 9 29 (6.89%) Computer Science 9 29 (6.89%) Non-Functional Testing 10 28 (6.65%) Service Management 11 27 (6.41%) DevOps 12 26 (6.18%) Change Management 12 26 (6.18%) ERP 13 25 (5.94%) Configuration Management 14 24 (5.70%) Analytics 15 23 (5.46%) Re-Platforming 16 19 (4.51%) PRINCE2 16 19 (4.51%) Project Management 1 103 (24.47%) PowerShell 2 77 (18.29%) SQL 3 25 (5.94%) Python 4 21 (4.99%) Bash Shell 4 21 (4.99%) Perl 5 11 (2.61%) Korn 6 10 (2.38%) VBScript 7 8 (1.90%) C 8 5 (1.19%) Java 9 4 (0.95%) Ruby 10 3 (0.71%) C-shell 10 3 (0.71%) Go 10 3 (0.71%) Shell Script 10 3 (0.71%) T-SQL 11 1 (0.24%) PHP 11 1 (0.24%) PL/SQL 11 1 (0.24%) VB 2 114 (27.08%) SC Cleared 3 38 (9.03%) Microsoft Certification 4 35 (8.31%) Degree 5 26 (6.18%) Cisco Certification 6 21 (4.99%) CCNA 6 21 (4.99%) DV Cleared 7 18 (4.28%) VMware Certified Professional (VCP) 8 17 (4.04%) CCNP 9 16 (3.80%) MCSE 10 10 (2.38%) MCP 11 8 (1.90%) Citrix Certification 11 8 (1.90%) MCSA 11 8 (1.90%) PRINCE2 Practitioner 12 7 (1.66%) VCAP 13 5 (1.19%) ITIL Certification 13 5 (1.19%) ITIL Foundation Certificate 14 4 (0.95%) CCIE 14 4 (0.95%) NCDA 14 4 (0.95%) NCSIE 1 39 (9.26%) SLA 2 11 (2.61%) QA 3 5 (1.19%) ISO/IEC 27001 4 3 (0.71%) GDPR 4 3 (0.71%) PMO 5 2 (0.48%) COBIT 5 2 (0.48%) Cyber Essentials 5 2 (0.48%) GMP 5 2 (0.48%) PCI DSS 6 1 (0.24%) ISO 9001 3 70 (16.63%) Hyper-V 4 50 (11.88%) VMware ESXi 5 29 (6.89%) Virtual Servers 6 26 (6.18%) vSphere 7 25 (5.94%) XenApp 8 24 (5.70%) Virtual Machines 9 20 (4.75%) XenDesktop 10 16 (3.80%) EMC RecoverPoint 10 16 (3.80%) Firmware 10 16 (3.80%) VMware NSX 11 15 (3.56%) Virtual Desktop 12 12 (2.85%) NFS 13 10 (2.38%) Microsoft Virtual Server 14 6 (1.43%) BitLocker 14 6 (1.43%) VMware Workstation 15 5 (1.19%) Docker 15 5 (1.19%) Microsoft App-V 15 5 (1.19%) Samba 1 65 (15.44%) NetBackup 2 64 (15.20%) SCCM 3 33 (7.84%) SCOM 4 21 (4.99%) Microsoft Intune 5 19 (4.51%) vCenter Server 6 18 (4.28%) Microsoft Clustering 7 17 (4.04%) Puppet 7 17 (4.04%) WSUS 8 16 (3.80%) Single Sign-On 9 15 (3.56%) Ansible 10 14 (3.33%) Avamar 10 14 (3.33%) vRealize 11 11 (2.61%) Tivoli Storage Manager 12 10 (2.38%) Oozie 13 9 (2.14%) Oracle RMAN 14 8 (1.90%) PowerCLI 15 7 (1.66%) Backup Exec 16 6 (1.43%) HP SIM 16 6 (1.43%) OpenView Configuration Management 17 5 (1.19%) McAfee ePO 3 95 (22.57%) Cisco 4 89 (21.14%) EMC 4 89 (21.14%) HP 5 66 (15.68%) Citrix 6 64 (15.20%) NetApp 7 60 (14.25%) Oracle 8 48 (11.40%) Dell 9 45 (10.69%) Brocade 10 40 (9.50%) IBM 11 36 (8.55%) 3PAR 12 33 (7.84%) Red Hat 13 25 (5.94%) Veritas 14 23 (5.46%) Hitachi 15 19 (4.51%) Workday 16 16 (3.80%) Symantec 17 13 (3.09%) Ivanti 18 12 (2.85%) McAfee 18 12 (2.85%) Nimble Storage 287 SAN job vacancies Nationwide SAN Vacancies in the UK excluding London\| Privacy Policy\| Copyright\| Disclaimer\| About us\| Contact us Last Updated Monday 20 January 2020 2004-2020 IT Jobs Watch Ltd. 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__label__wiki	0.538159	0.538159	Displaying 51 - 100 of 200 in total. [Read more.] 49 U. of Tulsa OK $60,000 $52,300 52 Capital University OH $62,500 $52,500 52 Case Western Reserve U. OH $63,000 $53,966 52 Cleveland State U. (Marshall) OH $70,000 $51,051 52 Ohio Northern University OH $55,000 $46,434 52 Ohio State University (Moritz) OH $78,000 $55,000 52 U. of Akron OH $60,000 $42,198 52 U. of Cincinnati OH $77,000 $54,000 52 U. of Dayton OH $64,000 $50,000 52 U. of Toledo OH $50,000 $49,875 61 Albany Law School Union U. NY $73,000 $59,000 61 Brooklyn Law School NY $110,000 $60,000 61 Cardozo-Yeshiva University NY $70,000 $60,000 61 Columbia University NY $180,000 $60,000 61 Cornell University NY $180,000 $64,228 61 CUNY-Queens College NY $62,500 $54,583 61 Fordham University NY $180,000 $61,250 61 Hofstra University NY $70,000 $61,000 61 New York Law School NY $100,000 $61,000 61 New York University NY $180,000 $60,000 61 Pace University NY $72,500 $60,000 61 St. John's University NY $79,000 $62,500 61 U. at Buffalo NY $56,500 $52,000 61 Syracuse University NY $65,000 $50,750 61 Touro College (Fuchsberg) NY $65,000 $58,000 76 U. of Nevada-Las Vegas NV $80,000 $62,000 77 U. of New Mexico NM $65,000 $55,000 78 Rutgers Law School (SUNJ) NJ $100,000 $49,571 78 Seton Hall University NJ $115,000 $49,571 80 U. of New Hampshire NH N/A N/A 81 Creighton University NE $67,500 $60,000 81 U. of Nebraska-Lincoln NE $60,000 $52,297 83 U. of North Dakota ND N/A N/A 84 Campbell University NC $50,000 $47,500 84 Charlotte School of Law NC N/A N/A 84 Duke University NC $180,000 $60,000 84 Elon University NC $55,000 $49,778 84 North Carolina Central U. NC $50,000 $58,500 84 U. of N. Carolina-Chap. Hill NC $130,000 $51,500 84 Wake Forest University NC $75,000 $48,561 91 U. of Montana MT $55,000 $51,000 92 Mississippi College MS $67,000 $45,000 92 U. of Mississippi MS $70,000 $53,000 94 St. Louis University MO $70,000 $45,000 94 U. of Missouri-Columbia MO $60,000 $49,254 94 U. of Missouri-Kansas City MO $60,000 $45,185 94 Washington U. in St Louis MO $162,500 $57,000 98 Hamline University MN $60,000 $54,516 98 U. of Minnesota-Twin Cities MN $112,111 $52,000 98 U. of St. Thomas MN $70,000 $52,500	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9328
__label__wiki	0.656517	0.656517	Sharebar? Digital Credentials & Pathways Learning Data & Analytics Learning Platforms, Apps & Tools Adaptive Digital Curriculum K-12 Communities & Playbook HED Communities & Playbook CASE Network App Vetting & Privacy Caliper Analytics Common Cartridge Competencies & Academic Standards Exchange Comprehensive Learner Record Learning Tools Interoperability & LTI Advantage LTI Resource Search OneRoster / Learning Information Services / Edu-API OpenVideo Security Framework Buy IMS Certified Get IMS Certified Learning Impact Learning Impact Leadership Institute Learning Impact Awards Learning Impact Blog Learning Impact Report IMS Global Annual Report HED Institutional Leadership Board K-12 Institutional Leadership Board IMS Europe Board Members Pivot Executive Board IMS Members Collaborations and Affiliations IMS Staff LTI Advantage: Higher Impact for Better Teaching and Learning Thanks to Blackboard, D2L, Instructure, and other IMS members for contributing to this feature story. Can leading edtech suppliers in a highly-competitive market collaborate on providing greater choice of innovative digital content and learning tools to faculty and students at any institution? Yes, they can—and they did with LTI® Advantage, an open-standard initiative from IMS Global Learning Consortium. LTI Advantage brings an innovative, contemporary, and scalable new technology standard to realize the power of a learning management system (LMS) and the wide variety of digital learning tools and applications available to the educational market through dynamic, real-time connections and interoperability. The standard solves the problems of cobbled and disjointed user experiences, lack of visibility, granularity, and flexibility in reporting progress when using multiple tools, and concerns for the security of data. The launch of LTI Advantage marks a pivotal moment, providing a new level of plug-and-play integration and interoperability in increasingly complex digital ecosystems and enabling innovation in the design, use, and evolution of teaching and learning environments. Because learning management systems are the core of teaching and learning in the digital age, the leading LMS platform companies needed to come together, supported by IMS and its 545+ members, to collaborate in the development of LTI Advantage. In an unprecedented move, three leading LMS providers—Blackboard, D2L, and Instructure—joined forces within the IMS community to meet the challenge. Together, they developed a new LTI solution that focuses on improving student success metrics through a richer learning experience that facilitates personalization, easing administrative burdens for instructors, and removing technical barriers for all users. “From the inception of Canvas, our team has been committed to supporting an open education technology ecosystem,” said Melissa Loble, SVP of Customer Success and Partnership at Instructure. “This aligns perfectly with the efforts of IMS Global to develop and evolve standards across the industry.” Instructure’s support of LTI extends to hosting EduAppCenter.com, a website designed to encourage startups, innovators, and learning tool providers to create apps that leverage LTI to work across LMS providers. This means less time integrating one-off technology and more time designing tools and curriculum for new ways of learning. For Blackboard, LTI Advantage provides the necessary sustainable openness and industry best practices to deliver user privacy and secure plug-and-play interoperability, enabling deeper integration of enrollments, assignments and grades, and digital content and resources within a course. The result is an unprecedented richness and diversity of the course experience between LTI tools and Blackboard. “LTI Advantage paves the way to more reliable, personalized, and deeper integrations among learning platforms and tools,” says Jeremy Auger, Chief Strategy Officer at D2L. “The extensions allow for flexible, yet secure passing of user, assessment, and resource data—and it’s built to respond to the needs of the market allowing new extensions that can be added to the LTI Advantage suite.” In 18 months, from kickoff to final specifications, the development and launch of LTI Advantage occurred rapidly. Notably, Blackboard, D2L, and Instructure worked closely together through their development cycles to ensure that their individual implementations were finished quickly, with a great emphasis placed on alignment with the specification and working interoperability. None of the key initial LTI Advantage implementations were completed in isolation—they were all tested in real-time with one another to ensure they would work seamlessly together. The development was facilitated by a strong organizational commitment from IMS, including a visible prioritization of the new specification within the IMS organization and the establishment of a Champions Program for early content and tool certification, recognizing them as leaders in next generation integration and interoperability, and promoting their advocacy for open standards adoption in support of teaching and learning innovation. "Some tools consider themselves to be interoperable through LTI, but we do not consider them to be compliant until they are certified and appear in the IMS Product Directory." —Nick Thompson, Assistant Director, UCLA Center for the Advancement of Teaching “We are proud to be among the first leading technology providers to collaborate on and meet the rigorous requirements of LTI Advantage," said Jim Chalex, Vice President of Teaching and Learning Product Management at Blackboard. "Open standards are at the core of our edtech platform approach, and we look forward to continuing to work with our partners and the developer community to realize the full potential of LTI Advantage." “We’ve enjoyed actively participating in the working group involved in the development of LTI Advantage, alongside many of your favorite tool providers and our fellow LMS providers, said Loble from Instructure. “It’s exciting to see the community coming together for the betterment of education as a whole.” Two other LMS platforms, Sakai and Moodle, were also early adopters of LTI Advantage. Dr. Charles Severance, PMC Chair of the Sakai Project , states, “Sakai sees LTI Advantage as extremely beneficial because it greatly increases the number of tools that can be built without resorting to the use of proprietary APIs. This means tools can work with all conforming LMS systems without custom programming, which is invaluable to LMS systems with a smaller market share. It also means that open-source tools we build to plug into Sakai will easily plug into any LMS. Additionally, we can add more functionality for schools using Sakai without modifying the core Sakai code base and thus increasing reliability and reducing costs, while still meeting the faculty need for innovative features and tools.” Sander Bangma, Moodle LMS Product Manager said, “We are pleased to be one of the early adopters of LTI Advantage. Moodle strongly believes that open standards are the way forward to provide access to and deliver quality education to the world. LTI Advantage is aligned with that vision and facilitates integrations with other learning tools, apps and digital resources that enable knowledge sharing through innovative solutions. The combination of Moodle and LTI Advantage will provide access to tools that empower educators and improve learner outcomes." The latest version of Learning Tools Interoperability® (LTI) also emerged from this initiative, adding an industry-standard security framework in addition to its industry-leading integration. IMS certification for LTI 1.3 is required for the LTI Advantage services. The services are certified on an individual basis, meaning content and tool providers can certify for the feature services their product supports to enable better teaching and learning experiences. LTI Advantage is also extensible, providing for inclusion of future useful services identified by the community. "We will look back in several years and realize that the release of LTI Advantage was the moment where the LMS marketplace was truly transformed into an ecosystem of cooperating platforms and tools. The close alignment of design, engineering, and security efforts by the major vendors for the past several years is why LTI Advantage has the unprecedented scope, quality, and support at its launch." —Dr. Charles Severance, PMC Chair, Sakai Project LTI Advantage has received strong support from higher education institutions, with many formally endorsing and requesting IMS certification of the new specifications in an open letter to ed tech suppliers. Among early institutional adopters are the University of Central Florida (UCF) and the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). Highlights of their implementations include: The University of Central Florida, an IMS Contributing Member, is recognized as an IMS Center of Excellence for LTI Advantage. As a Center of Excellence, UCF has formed a community of educators, developers, researchers, and vendors with a passion to nurture and grow trusted and secure NGDLEs. They explore the value proposition of LTI Advantage and are building a set of best practices that empower better teaching and learning for faculty and students through innovative digital learning. They prepare faculty and staff to adopt standards-based ed tech tools through professional development opportunities, such as webinars and hackathons. They also share sample code, instructional how-to’s, and other tips to help institutions get started with LTI Advantage. UCF is planning to implement LTI Advantage in several ways to promote a better teaching and learning experience. Action Icons, a tool developed inhouse, improves the learner experience and provides consistency across online courses by allowing faculty to quickly and easily insert accessible icons that cue students to do something, such as read a passage in a book, watch a video, or complete another learning action. UCF will be upgrading Action Icons to LTI Advantage. They are also in the planning stages of using LTI Advantage with LTI Advantage certified Canvas—the UCF LMS. University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) is another IMS Contributing Member and an early implementer of LTI 1.3 and LTI Advantage. Nick Thompson, Assistant Director of UCLA's Center for the Advancement of Teaching, oversees a complex digital environment consisting of platforms, tools, apps, and open-source resources. Thompson views LTI Advantage as key in developing a rich digital ecosystem that promotes innovation in teaching and learning, stating that interoperability among platforms, tools, and apps provides more instructional choices for faculty and a more robust learning environment for students. Because of the benefits of LTI 1.3 and LTI Advantage, UCLA has moved up the schedule for upgrading their version of Moodle to LTI 1.3 by one year, scheduling it for summer 2020. In addition to using vendor-created and open-source tools, UCLA builds proprietary plug-ins, and after the Moodle upgrade to LTI 1.3, the plug-ins will be platform agnostic and interoperable so they can be shared with other platforms in the University of California system. UCLA recently began requiring tools and apps to be LTI 1.3 certified or to make a written commitment to the upgrade. After the Moodle upgrade in the summer of 2020, all apps and tools that integrate with the LMS will be required to have LTI 1.3 conformance certification. According to Thompson, “Some tools consider themselves to be interoperable through LTI, but we do not consider them to be compliant until they are certified and appear in the IMS Product Directory.” Hear What IMS Institutional Leaders Are Saying About LTI Advantage Over 25 tool providers joined the push for early adoption and are now IMS certified for LTI 1.3 and LTI Advantage services. A complete list of early adopters is available at imscert.org. Cengage and Turnitin are among the early adopters and shared highlights: Cengage has been an IMS Global Contributing Member since 2000 and is deeply involved in developing open technology standards through participation in project groups and Product Steering Committees. They are standards-driven in their product development, seeing technology standards as the path to resolving gaps in the market. They feel that LTI addresses much of what has been missing in the market for integration. Prior to LTI, all Cengage integrations had to be accomplished through time-consuming and costly custom APIs. With LTI Advantage, any remaining gaps in integration can be handled through extensions. Cengage sees the increased, industry-standard security with LTI 1.3 as quickly becoming a check-the-box requirement for institutions. Their customers are starting to ask for LTI 1.3 and LTI Advantage services. They see other internal benefits from early adoption in both time and cost savings, such as a decreased learning curve for sales reps and decreased support costs because all integrations work the same way. They also see a significant gain in efficiency for customers who transition from one LMS to another LMS. Turnitin, another IMS Contributing Member, saw the need for early adoption of LTI 1.3 and LTI Advantage. The security and privacy of their users’ data is of utmost importance to Turnitin, and they view early adoption of LTI 1.3 as part of a deep organizational commitment to their customers. They were happy to partner with IMS to ensure secure transfer of student data and are receiving many inquiries about data security from institutions as well as other vendors. Their customers are discerning purchasers, so Turnitin has also committed to the improved workflow provided by LTI Advantage services. Feedback from users in the field has been that the administrative workflow is now straightforward and seamless, with a much easier integration process than earlier versions of LTI. Interested in taking teaching and learning to the next level through adopting LTI Advantage? IMS Global provides a complete set of resources for both institutions and suppliers interested in LTI Advantage and the increased, industry-standard security of LTI 1.3. General information and public resources are available at LTI Advantage Overview. Resources for institutions are available in the LTI Advantage Toolkit. Additional resources and support for implementation are available for IMS Global members. If you have questions or would like to speak with someone at IMS Global to learn more, please contact us. Get the latest news and resources to help support the evolution to next generation digital learning. Technical Activity: Learning Tools Interoperability About IMS Leadership Activities Initiative Sponsors William H. (Bill) Graves Leadership Award Technical Activities Download Standards Technical Resources Search Join the IMS Community This page contains trademarks of the IMS Global Learning Consortium including the IMS Logos, Learning Tools Interoperability® (LTI®), Accessible Portable Item Protocol® (APIP®), Question and Test Interoperability® (QTI®), Common Cartridge® (CC®), AccessForAll™, OneRoster®, Caliper Analytics®,SensorAPI™ and Competencies and Academic Standards Exchange® (CASE®). For more information on the IMS trademark usage policy see trademark policy page © 2001-2020 IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc. All Rights Reserved. Privacy Policy	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9334
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Title Subject Year University/Board VI Semester Bachelor of Engineering Examination Electrical and Electronics conducted by Bangalore University in January 2018 of Power System Analysis, 2K11 Scheme B.E 2018 Bangalore University VI Semester Bachelor of Engineering Examination Electrical and Electronics conducted by Bangalore University in January 2018 of Switch Gear and Protection, 2K11 Scheme B.E 2018 Bangalore University VII Semester Bachelor of Engineering Examination Electrical and Electronics conducted by Bangalore University in January 2018 of Estimation, Specification and Engineering Management, 2K11 Scheme B.E 2018 Bangalore University IV Semester Bachelor of Engineering Examination Electrical and Electronics conducted by Bangalore University in January 2018 of Electro Magnetic Field Theory, 2K11 Scheme B.E 2018 Bangalore University IV Semester Bachelor of Engineering Examination Electrical and Electronics conducted by Bangalore University in January 2018 of Micro Electronics, 2K11 Scheme B.E 2018 Bangalore University III Semester Bachelor of Engineering Examination Electrical and Electronics conducted by Bangalore University in January 2018 of Electric Circuits, 2K11 Scheme B.E 2018 Bangalore University IV Semester Bachelor of Engineering Examination Electrical and Electronics conducted by Bangalore University in January 2018 of Signals and Systems, 2K11 Scheme B.E 2018 Bangalore University III Semester Bachelor of Engineering Examination Electrical and Electronics conducted by Bangalore University in January 2018 of Analog Electronic Circuits, 2K11 Scheme B.E 2018 Bangalore University Summer 2019 question paper of Diploma in Production Engineering(I Scheme). Semester-first Subject-English (22101) Diploma Production Engineering 2019 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (MSBTE) Mumbai. Original question paper of Diploma in Production Engineering for first semester. Summer 2019 ( I Scheme) Subject:-Basic Mathematics (22103) Diploma Production Engineering 2019 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Summer 2019 question paper of Diploma in Production Engineering(I Scheme). Semester-second Subject-Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering (22208) Diploma Production Engineering 2019 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (MSBTE) Mumbai. Original question paper of Diploma in Production Engineering for second semester. Summer 2019 ( I Scheme) Subject:-Engineering Drawing (22207) Diploma Production Engineering 2019 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Summer 2019 question paper of Diploma in Production Engineering(I Scheme). Semester-second Subject-Applied Mechanics (22203) Diploma Production Engineering 2019 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (MSBTE) Mumbai. Original question paper of Diploma in Production Engineering for second semester. Summer 2019 ( I Scheme) Subject:-Applied Mathematics (22206) Diploma Production Engineering 2019 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (MSBTE) Mumbai. Original question paper of Diploma in Production Engineering for fourth semester. Summer 2019 ( G Scheme) Subject:-Theory of Machines (17412) Diploma Production Engineering 2019 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Original question paper of MSBTE Mumbai of Diploma in Production Engineering for fourth semester.( G Scheme) Subject:-Manufacturing Processes (17402) Diploma Production Engineering 2019 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Summer 2019, MSBTE Mumbai question paper for Diploma in Production Engineering for fourth semester.(G Scheme) Subject:-Heat Engineering (17406) Diploma Production Engineering 2019 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education MSBTE Mumbai question paper for Diploma in Production Engineering for fourth semester Summer 2019.(G Scheme) Subject:-Fluid Mechanics and Machinery (17411) Diploma Production Engineering 2019 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Original question paper of Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education (MSBTE) for Diploma in Production Engineering for fourth semester.(G-Scheme, Summer 2019). Subject :- Electrical Engineering (17404) Diploma Production Engineering 2019 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education December 2018, Master Of Arts (Electronic Media Production) , EMPM-402 : Communication Research Methods M.A Mass Communication and Journalism 2018 Indira Gandhi National Open University TEE, December 2018, Master Of Arts (Electronic Media Production) , EMPM-401 : Media Management M.A Mass Communication and Journalism 2018 Indira Gandhi National Open University December 2018, Master Of Arts (Electronic Media Production) , EMPM-304 : Media Management And Marketing M.A Mass Communication 2018 Indira Gandhi National Open University December 2018, Master Of Arts (Electronic Media Production) , EMPM-302 : Presentation Techniques For Radio And TV M.A Mass Communication 2018 Indira Gandhi National Open University TEE, December 2018, Master Of Arts (Electronic Media Production) , EMPM-205 : Basics Of TV Production M.A Mass Communication and Journalism 2018 Indira Gandhi National Open University Jadavpur University Humanities - Sociology (First Year First Semester) -2019 B.E 2019 Jadavpur University How to submit question papers and make money ? Learn more about making money from Google AdSense by submitting question papers. Submit question paper and start earning. Ghanshyam Harsh Dr. Deepali Gangwar ABSivakumar Varghese Renishma E Ramakrishna Kambhampati Submit Guest Articles About Us Contact Us Copyright Privacy Policy Terms Of Use Advertise SpiderWorks Technologies Pvt Ltd, Kochi - India. © All Rights Reserved.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9336
__label__wiki	0.739863	0.739863	Hudson Hornet Classic Racing Iconography Mercedes W-194 " Been thinking of Lewis Hamilton's move to Mercedes for the coming F1 season. What with Merc's talismanic association with Stirling Moss and the great Ross Brawn's involvement in the Mercedes F1 team, there's a great chance that despite appearing to " Written by Influx When we think of cars made by Mercedes Benz, we think of big, hulking, masculine brutes like our favorite hulk the G-Wagen. There’s something obviously Germanic and heftily big boned about them, something that has, to be frank, rarely mustered our passion. This Mercedes 280SL, however, scotches the belief in Benz’s unreconstructed blokishness. The car is available at a tantalisingly low estimate of between $40-70K as part of a private collection n Canada. The 280SL- which replaced the legendary 300SL in 1963 representing a more accessible luxury GT for the burgeoning Domestic and US market. It came in a perky package with a nicely stiff chassis and a straight six engine that did the job properly. It was the boxy but graceful design of the body that has proved such a perennial. It evokes, somehow, a more feminine aspect of those stoic, solid brand values. It might not really be a pure blooded silver arrow with racing heritage, but it summed up a cheeky sort of sixties aesthetic that has lasted the test of time. Mercedes 190 Cosworth " Well, when we write 'sleeping' brute, we suppose the 'ordinary' wingless 2.5-16 that sits unassumingly on many a wealthy street corner may be the ultimate sleeper. But the Evo version you see before you, souped, tweaked and bewinged- just hints " Mercedes Benz 300SL Gullwing "[gallery link="file" orderby="title"] It must be one of the automotive marketing world's greatest coups. Every week, we've been glimpsing the mechanical beauty that is the gull-winged Mercedes SLS coupé by AMG set the pace as the F1 Safety " Mercedes C-111 "Concept cars are myths of the near future. When future-obsessed novelist JG Ballard coined that phrase he may have been thinking of the Mercedes C-111. Not that we are all driving around in bright orange, gull winged machines — but we " XKSS: Bridgehead to the British Invasion "For us, the question of what is the sexiest, coolest, most beautiful sports car ever to be produced out of these islands is an easy one to answer. The Jaguar XKSS, of course. Produced in 1957 in the Browns Lane Jaguar " W111 Mercedes Benz "The W111 Mercedes Benz was a seminal shift in Germany's postwar automotive evolution. Catering for a rapidly expanding middle class growing out of the ashes of war, it was a staple to the reconstructing executive class of Germany. We spotted " "First, an admission. Until very recently we had never been truly moved by the brand that is Mercedes-Benz. We can't help but acknowledge the noble heritage of the marque, nor the fact that they make some of the most outrageously, " Lamborghini Zagato 3500 GTZ "This is a one-off Lamborghini-Zagato collab. And don't let anyone tell you it's not a result of the oneupmanship that was riddled through the relationship between Ferruccio and il commendatore. You've heard the story. The Lambo boss was upset at " Ariel plays its Ace "Based in the rolling hills of Somerset, the Ariel Motor Company is the sort of family-run business that we all wish we worked for. Small and friendly yet internationally-known, the modern iteration of the firm has been built up since 1999 " "Some car designers will forever be associated with one brand or have a style all of their own but the legendary Paul Bracq is not only a talented car designer but a sculptor, artist and even had a hand in "	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9338
__label__cc	0.717089	0.282911	Join the Creative Vizzing Workshop! Please read the info below before joining. Workshops require commitment to help each other. This one is designed for minimal commitment, with opportunity to stretch it out over time. This workshop will take place from January through February - allowing plenty of time to submit and viz and submit / review feedback, and even share revisions. This first workshop will be limited to 12 people, first come first serve (if there is enough interest, we may have multiple sessions simultaneously in the future). You don't need to make a new viz for the workshop, so don't worry about the time spent vizzing. It's recommended to spend at least 10 minutes for each participant, so roughly 2 hours providing feedback. You'll have one month to get this done, with plenty of reminders. If you're interested, please use this form to sign up. Questions? Reach out to @data_poetry on Twitter. Creative workshops: artists helping other artists While there are components of "correctness" to much of visualization (are you calculations correct?), many of our design choices have a subjective value. This includes things like art, iconography, typography, etc., but it also includes other choices: visualization type, clarity of insights, novelty and originality, and even which metrics we use. The creative arts have a common format, commonly called workshops, for artists to help one another navigate the subjectivity of their trade, and to refine not only their technical skills (mastery of brush strokes, grammar, instrumentation, etc.), but also their voice and style. In these workshops, a small group of artists will gather to provide feedback on each other's work. Outside of more formal settings, these workshops don't idolize a single person's feedback; everyone has a voice, and the value of the feedback is determined simply by the quality of the feedback itself. The Creative Vizzing Workshop is designed to mirror the creative workshop format, but modified to fit data visualization and for an online community. Each person will review all the visualizations and submit feedback. There will be a rubric for feedback, although the rubric is just to aid in ideas and organization. All feedback will be public, so that we can all learn from each critique. Each participant will submit a viz - and it doesn't need to be a new visualization, so feel free to use something from one of the community projects. Because of the ease of accessibility, and to allow everyone to understand the technical capabilities (and constraints) of the tool, we'll use Tableau Public as our visualization tool. While the rest of the technology format isn't yet decided, the links to each viz will be collected and available online. Then, each participant will collect and record their feedback to each visualization. Typically, this process takes around 10 - 15 minutes per viz (which is why we're limiting the class size to 12). This means that this should take, in total, around two hours. We'll spread this feedback out over a month, so feel free to split this up as you like. You'll enter your feedback into an online form. Everyone will have access, so you can look over the feedback everyone is learning - which helps everyone improve both in the creation and critiquing of visualizations. Depending on interest, we may have a webinar for in-person discussion - but this brings regional and lifestyle accessibility issues we'll need to consider. What does feedback look like? Generally speaking, workshop feedback is more successful when it leans positive. This isn't always possible, but since we're dealing with many subjective components, we're not looking at hard and fast rules. This means identifying what's working, and helping the creator to identify opportunities to "turn the volume up" on those things. Often, when we focus on what works, what doesn't work falls out. However, there will be times when we should address things that aren't working - especially in things like ethics, accessibility, and approach-ability. We'll use the following rubric (with a strong nod toward Don Norman's levels of design), although the sign-up form will ask for other ideas: Visceral: how do you feel looking at the viz? How engaging is the appearance of the viz? How are all the aesthetic choices working to support the overall theme and content? Behavioral: how do you feel interacting with the viz? How easy is it to understand what you can and can't do? How effective do you feel the interactivity is? Note: "interactivity / using" here might include "reading", to allow for considerations such as organization and coherence. Not all visuals are meant to be interactive, so for the sake of this workshop reading may fall into visceral or behavioral, depending on how the text is used (discretion up to the person providing feedback). Reflective: how do you feel thinking about the viz? Is the content interesting and engaging? Is there a narrative, and if so, do you feel that a story is adequately told? If it isn't a story, do the insights feel trustworthy? Did the viz evoke any emotions? How do the design choices support the content and themes? Ethics, accessibility, and approachability: Are there potential ethical concerns that should be considered? Could this viz ever [unintentionally] harm or be used to harm an individual or a group of people? How accessible is this viz to individuals with disabilities (i.e. vision deficiencies or learning disabilities)? Is this viz approachable to different [gender/racial/ethnic/religious, etc.] groups? Other thoughts not captured: anything else you want to toss out there that isn't captured above? Recommended inspiration: are there certain vizzes or vizzers you recommend the creator view for inspiration and ideas? I'm looking forward to working with you through the first Creative Vizzing Workshop. Again, if interested, please fill out this form.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9339
__label__wiki	0.947612	0.947612	Best first weekend ever in NCAA tourney? Best first weekend ever in NCAA tourney? Best first weekend ever in NCAA tourney? Check out this story on jacksonsun.com: https://www.jacksonsun.com/story/sports/2016/03/21/best-first-weekend-ever-ncaa-tourney/82069760/ The Jackson Sun Published 8:51 a.m. CT March 21, 2016 \| Updated 8:52 a.m. CT March 21, 2016 Dayton's Jeremiah Bonsu puts up a shot during practice ahead of a first-round men's college basketball game in the NCAA Tournament, Thursday, March 17, 2016, in St. Louis. Dayton plays Syracuse on Friday.(Photo: AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) Before we try to put this weekend into context, let's just list out all the insane things that happened, in somewhat chronical order: ? Yale, in its first NCAA tournament since 1962,upset No. 5 seed Baylor in one of those weird moments where an group of Ivy League students become lovable underdogs ? Wichita State, which nearly didn't make the tournament, crushed No. 6 Arizona and cost coachSean Miller at least two dress shirts ? Arkansas-Little Rock, a team with a first-year coach and almost an entire roster of transfers, upset No. 5 Purdue behind the clutch shooting of Josh Hagins ? No. 15 seed Middle Tennessee knocked out No. 2 Michigan State, a popular national championship pick and a team that had a great case to be a No. 1 seed, in arguably the biggest upset in tournament history ? Syracuse, a team that shouldn't even have been in the NCAA tournament,crushed Dayton and then MTSU to reach the Sweet 16 ? Iowa beat Temple in overtime on an airballed shot that was tipped in for the game-winner in the first round ? No. 13 seed Hawaii won its first-ever NCAA tournament game by taking down an injury-plagued Cal team ? No. 14 seed Stephen F. Austin beat No. 3 West Virginia by pressing, pressuring and basically by out-West Virginia-ing them ? Related: The nation fell in love with Thomas Walkup, who looked just like theLumberjack mascot ? Northern Iowa crushed Texas with a half-court buzzer beater by Paul Jesperson ? Cincinnati's Octavius Ellis appeared to have a game-tying dunk at the buzzeragainst St. Joseph's, only to have it waived and lose 78-76 Ranking the first round's buzzer-beating, bracket-busting March Madness moments ? Indiana beat a red-hot Kentucky team for the first time since those two teams stopped scheduling each other in the regular season ? Villanova made it out of the first weekend for the first time in seven years ? Notre Dame came back to beat Stephen F. Austin on a game-winning tip-in by a freshman who had never scored a point in an NCAA tournament game ? Texas A&M used a miraculous 14-2 rally over the final 33 seconds to force overtime, then stun Northern Iowa in 2OTs. It was the largest last-minute deficit overcome in the history of college basketball, according to David Worlock of the NCAA. ? Wisconsin's Bronson Koenig drilled a game-winning 3-pointer as time expired to beat No. 2 seed Xavier and earn a trip to the Sweet 16 OK, that's everything. (We think.) Best and wildest first weekend of the NCAA tournament ever? Is that even a question? Who was the boys athlete of the week for Week 22? Who was the girls athlete of the week for Week 22? Peabody re-enters the boys basketball rankings TCA star Lee keeps family's strong basketball tradition going Carroll Academy knows how a 100-point loss feels Middleton boys basketball trying to find consistency on the court	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9340
__label__wiki	0.719843	0.719843	Research ArticleAIDS/HIV Free access \| 10.1172/JCI81400 Interleukin-21 combined with ART reduces inflammation and viral reservoir in SIV-infected macaques Luca Micci,1 Emily S. Ryan,1 Rémi Fromentin,2 Steven E. Bosinger,1,3 Justin L. Harper,1 Tianyu He,4 Sara Paganini,1 Kirk A. Easley,5 Ann Chahroudi,1,6 Clarisse Benne,7 Sanjeev Gumber,8,9 Colleen S. McGary,1 Kenneth A. Rogers,1 Claire Deleage,10 Carissa Lucero,10 Siddappa N. Byrareddy,9 Cristian Apetrei,4 Jacob D. Estes,10 Jeffrey D. Lifson,10 Michael Piatak Jr.,10 Nicolas Chomont,2 Francois Villinger,1,9 Guido Silvestri,1,9 Jason M. Brenchley,11 and Mirko Paiardini1,9 1Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center (YNPRC), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. 2Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine, and Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 3Yerkes Nonhuman Primate Genomics Core, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. 4Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. 5Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, and 6Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. 7Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. 8Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. 9Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. 10AIDS Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA. 11Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Address correspondence to: Mirko Paiardini, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA. Phone: 404.727.9840; E-mail: mirko.paiardini@emory.edu. Authorship note: Luca Micci and Emily S. Ryan contributed equally to this work. Michael Piatak Jr. is deceased. Find articles by Micci, L. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Ryan, E. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Fromentin, R. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Bosinger, S. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Harper, J. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by He, T. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Paganini, S. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Easley, K. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Chahroudi, A. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Benne, C. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Gumber, S. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by McGary, C. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Rogers, K. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Deleage, C. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Lucero, C. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Byrareddy, S. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Apetrei, C. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Estes, J. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Lifson, J. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Piatak, M. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Chomont, N. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Villinger, F. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Silvestri, G. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Brenchley, J. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar Find articles by Paiardini, M. in: JCI \| PubMed \| Google Scholar First published November 9, 2015 - More info Published in Volume 125, Issue 12 on December 1, 2015 J Clin Invest. 2015;125(12):4497–4513. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI81400. First published November 9, 2015 - Version history Received: February 6, 2015; Accepted: September 24, 2015 Despite successful control of viremia, many HIV-infected individuals given antiretroviral therapy (ART) exhibit residual inflammation, which is associated with non–AIDS-related morbidity and mortality and may contribute to virus persistence during ART. Here, we investigated the effects of IL-21 administration on both inflammation and virus persistence in ART-treated, SIV-infected rhesus macaques (RMs). Compared with SIV-infected animals only given ART, SIV-infected RMs given both ART and IL-21 showed improved restoration of intestinal Th17 and Th22 cells and a more effective reduction of immune activation in blood and intestinal mucosa, with the latter maintained through 8 months after ART interruption. Additionally, IL-21, in combination with ART, was associated with reduced levels of SIV RNA in plasma and decreased CD4+ T cell levels harboring replication-competent virus during ART. At the latest experimental time points, which were up to 8 months after ART interruption, plasma viremia and cell-associated SIV DNA levels remained substantially lower than those before ART initiation in IL-21–treated animals but not in controls. Together, these data suggest that IL-21 supplementation of ART reduces residual inflammation and virus persistence in a relevant model of lentiviral disease and warrants further investigation as a potential intervention for HIV infection. While combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically improved the prognosis of HIV-infected individuals, a scalable treatment that can cure this infection is still not available. Residual disease in ART-treated HIV-infected individuals consists mainly of (a) persistent immune abnormalities, including inflammation and immune activation, limited CD4+ T cell reconstitution, and mucosal immune dysfunction (1), and (b) persistent reservoirs of latently infected cells that are not affected by ART and are responsible for the rapid rebound of virus replication upon ART discontinuation (2). Elevated levels of inflammation and immune activation that can persist even in ART-treated HIV-infected individuals with effective viral suppression have emerged as key correlates of morbidity and mortality from non-AIDS complications such as cardiovascular disease, neurocognitive dysfunction, and kidney and bone abnormalities, among others (1, 3). Furthermore, residual inflammation may contribute to HIV persistence during ART by several mechanisms, such as favoring de novo infection of activated “target” CD4+ T cells that replenish the reservoir and upregulating the expression of immune checkpoint blockers that may limit the function of HIV-specific immune responses (1, 3, 4). Therefore, a vicious cycle in which inflammation, poor antiviral responses, and HIV persistence are intimately connected may occur in ART-treated HIV-infected individuals. IL-21 is a pleiotropic cytokine that promotes the maintenance and functionality of Th17 cells (5–7), a subset of CD4+ T cells critical for mucosal immunity (8–14). Previously, we have shown that loss of intestinal IL-21–producing cells in the gut of SIV-infected rhesus macaques (RMs) is associated with the severity of Th17 cell depletion (15). Thus, reduced IL-21 availability may contribute to the loss of antimicrobial mucosal immunity and the induction and/or maintenance of mucosal immune dysfunction and associated pathological chronic immune activation during HIV infection. Consistent with this model, we showed that administration of a rhesus IL-21–IgFc fusion protein during acute SIV infection of RMs results in the preservation of intestinal Th17 cells, improved mucosal immune function, and reduced microbial translocation (16). In the current study, we investigated the effects of exogenous IL-21 administration on residual immune activation and virus persistence in ART-treated, chronically SIV-infected RMs. Our findings, generated in a relevant primate model of lentiviral infection, indicate that IL-21 administration may have a significant beneficial effect on reducing residual inflammation and virus persistence during ART. Experimental design and antiretroviral therapy. Sixteen adult, Indian-origin RMs were infected i.v. with 300 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) SIVmac239. Beginning on day 60 after infection (day 60 p.i.), all animals were treated with a 5-drug antiretroviral regimen — PMPA (tenofovir), FTC (emcitrabine), raltegravir, and ritonavir-boosted darunavir — for 7 months (as indicated by the gray shading in Figure 1). Eight RMs (IL-21–treated) also received rhesus IL-21–IgFc fusion protein at 100 μg/kg (s.c.), which is a dosage comparable to that used in human clinical trials (17). The IL-21–treated RMs received 2 cycles of 6 weekly doses — 1 at the time of ART initiation and 1 later on while on ART — plus 4 additional weekly doses at the time of ART interruption (orange arrows in Figure 1). The weekly dose regimen was selected on the basis of our previous study of IL-21 administration during acute SIV infection of RMs (16), as well as of our experience with in vivo administration of other cytokines in nonhuman primates (NHPs), in which weekly doses were better tolerated and showed a better response profile than did more frequent dosages (18–20). The remaining 8 RMs were treated only with ART and served as controls. Peripheral blood (PB), colorectal mucosa (RB), and lymph node (LN) biopsies were collected longitudinally and at necropsy (Figure 1A). Plasma viral load (log10) before ART initiation was comparable between IL-21–treated (n = 7, animal ROc10 was excluded) and control (n = 8) RMs (4.98 ± 0.40 vs. 5.11 ± 0.40, respectively; P = 0.8354). Both ART and IL-21 were well tolerated, without major clinical complications throughout the study. Animal ROc10 in the IL-21–treated group was lost on day 140 p.i. due to postsurgical complications of a LN biopsy. Thus, all analyses after day 135 p.i. include 7 IL-21–treated RMs. Of note, ART was effective in suppressing viral replication, with all 16 RMs displaying plasma viremia levels below the limit of detection (LOD) of the assay (60 copies/ml) (Figure 1, B and C). This level of suppression approaches the levels seen in ART-treated HIV-infected subjects, thus highlighting the validity of the model to test in vivo interventions targeting residual inflammation and virus persistence during ART. Clinical and immunogenetic characteristics of the 16 animals included in the study are summarized in Supplemental Table 1 (supplemental material available online with this article; doi:10.1172/JCI81400DS1). Longitudinal variations in viremia and CD4+ T cell levels in IL-21–treated and control SIV-infected RMs. (A). Schematic of the study design. Sixteen RMs were infected i.v. with 300 TCID50 SIVmac239 (day 0), and starting on day 60 p.i., treated with combination ART (PMPA, FTC, raltegravir, and ritonavir-boosted darunavir) for 7 months. Seven animals (ROc10 died on day 140 p.i. due to post-surgical [LN biopsy] complications) received 2 courses of IL-21 treatment (100 μg/kg s.c.) weekly for 6 weeks at the beginning (from days 67–105 p.i.) and at the end (from days 203–241 p.i.) of ART, as well as 4 additional administrations upon ART interruption (day 271 p.i.). The remaining 8 animals served as ART-treated controls. On day 270 p.i., ART was interrupted, and all the animals were monitored for 8 additional months. PB, RB, and LN biopsies were collected at the indicated time points. (B and C) Plasma SIVmac239 RNA levels expressed as copies/ml (LOD, 60 copies/ml, dashed line) are shown for each individual animal (B) and as an average (C) in IL-21–treated (orange circles) versus control (black squares) RMs. (D–G) CD4+ T cell levels, expressed as a fraction of live CD3+ T cells, were compared between IL-21–treated and control RMs in PB (D), RB (F), and LN (G). In PB, CD4+ T cells were also expressed as absolute counts (cells/μl blood; E). Gray shaded area represents the time of ART treatment, and the orange arrows mark IL-21 administrations. Averaged data are presented as the mean ± SEM. cART, combination ART. Effects of IL-21 supplementation on blood and tissue CD4+ T cell levels. We next assessed the immunological impact of IL-21 supplementation of ART by measuring the relative frequencies and absolute numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the sampled anatomical sites of our cohort of SIV-infected, ART-treated RMs. As expected, we found that ART was effective at increasing CD4+ T cell numbers in PB, RB, and LN, although the reconstitution was still incomplete after 7 months on ART as compared with preinfection cell numbers, especially in RB (Figure 1, D–G). The numbers of total CD4+ T cells as well as key central memory (CM) (CD28+CD95+CCR7+) and effector memory (EM) (CD28+CD95+CCR7–) subsets (Supplemental Figure 1) in PB (Figure 1, D and E), RB (Figure 1F), and LN (Figure 1G) were comparable between the 2 groups (i.e., ART alone versus ART plus IL-21) at all experimental time points. Thus, while ART was effective at suppressing virus replication and improved CD4+ T cell restoration, supplementation with IL-21 did not improve the reconstitution of CD4+ T cells in either blood or tissues. Effects of IL-21 supplementation on blood and LN CD8+ T cell and B cell levels. We next assessed the effects of IL-21 on total CD8+ T cell and B cell levels as well as on their main differentiation subsets in PB and LN. The levels of blood (percentages and counts), LN (percentages), and RB (percentages) CD8+ T cells (Supplemental Figure 2) and their subsets (data not shown) were overall very similar in IL-21–treated and control RMs, with no significant differences between the 2 groups at any single experimental time point. Previous studies showed that IL-21 stimulates the production of cytotoxic molecules in CD8+ T cells in humans in vitro (21) and in acutely SIV-infected RMs in vivo (16). Hence, we sought to determine by flow cytometry the longitudinal expression of intracellular perforin, granzyme B (GrB), and T-bet in blood and LN CD8+ T cells. No significant differences were noted in the fraction of CD8+ T cells expressing any of these markers (Supplemental Figure 3), or a combination of them (data not shown), between IL-21–treated and control RMs. Similar to CD8+ T cells, the percentages of blood and LN B cells (CD20+), as well as their naive (CD21+CD27–), resting memory (CD21+CD27+), activated memory (CD21–CD27+), and tissue memory (CD21–CD27–) subsets (22), were also not affected by IL-21 treatment when assessed by flow cytometry (Supplemental Figure 4). Interestingly, IHC analyses of LN biopsies showed that IL-21–treated animals had significantly higher levels of B cells in the medulla when compared with controls (Supplemental Figure 5), thus suggesting that increased availability of IL-21 in the LN (as determined by IHC staining, data not shown) can impact the anatomic distribution of B cells during SIV infection. IL-21 increases intestinal Th17 and Th22 cell levels in ART-treated, SIV-infected RMs. To assess the effects of IL-21 treatment on mucosal immunity, we next measured the levels of intestinal Th17 and Th22 cells, identified as CD4+ T cells producing IL-17 and IL-22, respectively, after brief in vitro stimulation with PMA and ionomycin. Representative staining of IL-17 (Figure 2A) and IL-22 (Figure 2B) within the intestinal CD4+ T cells is shown in 1 IL-21–treated and 1 control RM before infection (day 20), before ART (day 58 p.i.), and at 3 time points when on ART. The reconstitution of intestinal Th17 (Figure 2C) and Th22 (Figure 2D) cells was very limited in the RMs treated with ART alone, while IL-21 supplementation was associated with a faster and more pronounced reconstitution of both cell types. Indeed, IL-21–treated RMs showed significantly higher frequencies of Th17 and Th22 cells compared with frequencies in control animals at day 85 p.i. (day 25 on ART; Th17: P = 0.0003, Th22: P = 0.0096), day 135 p.i. (Th17: P = 0.0029; Th22: P = 0.0148), and day 203 p.i. (Th17: P = 0.0052) (Figure 2, C and D). Remarkably, in IL-21–treated animals, the frequencies of Th17 cells on days 85 and 135 p.i. were comparable to their preinfection levels. IL-21–treated animals also had significantly higher levels of CD4+IL-17+IL-22+ T cells on days 85 and 135 p.i. when compared levels in control animals (Supplemental Figure 6). The effects of IL-21 were specific for the Th17 and Th22 subsets, as the frequencies of intestinal CD4+IFN-γ+ (Figure 2E) and CD4+IL-2+ (Figure 2F) T cells were indistinguishable between the 2 groups and were more pronounced when IL-21 was administered earlier during ART (first cycle of 6 doses), as compared with the frequencies detected during late ART (second cycle). During SIV infection of RMs, polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) activation leads to accumulation of myeloperoxidase-positive (MPO+) PMNs adjacent to epithelial lesions, with the extent of MPO expression strongly correlating with the degree of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction (10). To assess the impact of IL-21 supplementation on this marker of mucosal immune dysfunction, we performed IHC to measure PMN infiltration in colorectal biopsy tissues from IL-21–treated and control animals before ART (day 58 p.i.) and at early (day 85 p.i.) and late (day 256 p.i.) experimental time points on ART (Figure 2G). In IL-21–treated RMs, but not in controls, the levels of MPO+ PMNs in the lamina propria (LP), in both early and late ART, were significantly lower than the levels observed on day 58 p.i. (P = 0.0078 and P = 0.0469, respectively; Figure 2H) and were thus consistent with a decrease of intestinal inflammation and, possibly, improved mucosal integrity following IL-21 treatment. Furthermore, during early ART, MPO+ PMN levels were significantly lower in IL-21–treated RMs as compared with levels in controls (P = 0.0207; Figure 2H), consistent with the higher numbers of Th17 and Th22 cells at the same experimental point. At the later time point (day 256 p.i.), ART alone became more effective at reducing MPO expression in PMNs, resulting in comparable MPO levels in the 2 groups (P = 0.6828; Figure 2H), which is consistent with the reduced differences in Th17 and Th22 cell levels at the same experimental time point. IL-21 supplementation improves mucosal immunity in ART-treated, SIV-infected RMs. (A and B) Representative staining for IL-17 (A) and IL-22 (B) within intestinal CD4+ T cells in IL-21–treated (top plots) and control (bottom plots) RMs before infection (day –20), after infection but before ART and IL-21 initiation (day 58 p.i.), and at 3 different experimental time points on ART (days 25, 75, and 200). (C and F) Longitudinal assessment of the frequency of intestinal CD4+ T cells producing IL-17 (C), IL-22 (D), IFN-γ (E), and IL-2 (F) in IL-21–treated (n = 7) and control (n = 8) RMs. (G and H) Rectal mucosa tissues were stained for MPO (brown) as a marker for PMNs. (G) Representative MPO staining (original magnification, ×200) in 1 IL-21–treated RM (top panels) and 1 control RM (bottom panels) before ART (day 58 p.i.) and at day 25 (day 85 p.i.) and day 200 (day 256 p.i.) on ART. (H) Random, high-powered (×400) images of gut LP were taken, and the percentage of area staining for MPO was determined in IL-21–treated and control RMs. Shaded area represents the time of ART treatment, and orange arrows represent IL-21 administrations. Averaged data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Repeated-measures analyses were performed with a means model (SAS PROC MIXED, version 9) to generate statistical outcomes. P < 0.05; P < 0.01; *P < 0.001. Taken together, these data indicate that IL-21 administration improves the reconstitution of intestinal Th17 and Th22 cells and reduced intestinal inflammation in ART-treated, SIV-infected RMs. IL-21 treatment reduces residual T cell activation and proliferation in ART-treated, SIV-infected RMs. Preferential loss of intestinal Th17 and Th22 cells is a key mechanism of mucosal immune dysfunction and chronic immune activation during pathogenic HIV/SIV infections (8, 13, 14, 23, 24). To investigate whether the higher IL-21–induced numbers of intestinal Th17 and Th22 cells were associated with reductions in T cell activation and/or proliferation when on ART, we next examined the frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing the activation markers HLA-DR and CD38 and/or the proliferation marker Ki-67. We found that IL-21–treated RMs showed a more rapid — i.e., already evident at day 25 on ART (day 85 p.i.) — and more pronounced reduction of activated memory (CD28+CD95+) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in PB (Figure 3, A and D) and RB (Figure 3, G and J) up to day 200 on ART (day 256 p.i.), and a similar observation was made in the LN (Supplemental Figure 7, A and B). Furthermore, IL-21–treated RMs showed a more rapid and pronounced reduction in both memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation levels in rectum (P ≤ 0.01; Supplemental Figure 8, A and B) and blood (P ≤ 0.01; data not shown). Interestingly, in blood (Figure 3, B and C), but not in RB (Figure 3, H and I), the reduction of immune activation was more pronounced for the key population of CM CD4+ T cells compared with that observed in EM CD4+ T cells. This was specific for CD4+ lymphocytes, since IL-21–treated RMs have lower levels of activation in both blood (Figure 3, E and F) and RB (Figure 3, K and L) CM and EM CD8+ T cells. Finally, plasma levels of soluble inflammatory markers such as IP-10, which are associated with HIV morbidity and mortality (days 143 and 200 on ART; P = 0.0401) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (day 75 on ART; P = 0.0323), were also significantly lower in IL-21–treated RMs as compared with levels in ART-only controls (Supplemental Figure 8, C and D). IL-21 supplementation limits residual T cell activation in ART-treated, SIV-infected RMs. (A–F) Longitudinal assessment of the activation levels of total memory (A and D), CM (B and E), and EM (C and F) CD4+ (A–C) and CD8+ (D–F) T cells in blood (PB). (G–L) Longitudinal assessment of the activation levels of total memory (G and J), CM (H and K), and EM (I and L) CD4+ (G–I) and CD8+ (J–L) T cells in colorectum (RB). T cell activation was assessed by dual expression of the immune activation markers HLA-DR and CD38. IL-21–treated animals (n = 7) are indicated by orange circles and controls (n = 8) by black squares. Shaded area represents the time of ART treatment, and orange arrows represent IL-21 administrations. Averaged data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Repeated-measures analyses were performed with a means model (SAS PROC MIXED, version 9) to generate statistical outcomes. P < 0.05; P < 0.01; P < 0.001; ‡P < 0.0001. These data indicate that IL-21 supplementation in ART-treated, SIV-infected RMs is associated with a more rapid and pronounced reduction of residual immune activation levels. IL-21 treatment upregulates the expression of genes regulating antimicrobial immunity in ART-treated, SIV-infected RMs. We further explored the effect of IL-21 supplementation on ART-treated, SIV-infected RMs by comparing the whole transcriptome, as assessed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected before ART (day 58 p.i.) and at 2 experimental time points on ART (days 50 and 200 on ART) in our 2 groups of animals. Changes in the expression of a large number of shared genes were observed in both IL-21–treated and control samples as a result of ART-induced viral suppression. Differential regulation between the 2 groups of RMs was observed in 53 genes at day 50 and in 42 genes at day 200 on ART (Q < 0.05) (Figure 4, A and E). Specifically, and consistent with the increased levels of Th17 and Th22 cell subsets (Figure 2), numerous genes associated with antimicrobial immunity were significantly upregulated in IL-21–treated animals as compared with controls at day 50 p.i. (Figure 4B). Among these, LTF, whose protein product is lactotransferrin, a major iron-binding protein with a broad range of antimicrobial and antiinflammatory functions (25), showed a 29-fold upregulation. Of note, lactotransferrin plays a key role in immunity against Candida albicans, an important opportunistic pathogen and cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected subjects (26) and against which Th17 cells are highly specialized (27). LCN2 (lipocalin 2) and DEFA1 (defensin α1), both of which participate in neutrophil-mediated antimicrobial immunity, were upregulated 12-fold in IL-21–treated, SIV-infected RMs. Importantly, lipocalin 2 levels were found to be reduced in HIV infection (28). Several genes related to antimicrobial immunity were still upregulated in IL-21–treated RMs versus control RMs at the latest experimental time point on ART (Figure 4F). In addition to the above-mentioned LTF gene, those specifically upregulated at day 200 on ART in the IL-21 treatment group included MUC4 (mucin 4, 2.2-fold increase), a major constituent of mucus membranes with a key role in the protection of epithelial mucosa (29); PF4 (platelet factor 4, 1.4-fold increase), which plays a role in wound repair, inflammation, and mucosal immunity (30); and TREM1 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1, 1.4-fold increase), which participates in myeloid inflammatory responses to bacterial and fungal infections (31). Additionally, IL-21–treated RMs showed a 1.5-fold increase in PLK3 (polo kinase 3) (Figure 4F), which codes for a protein that regulates cell-cycle progression and has been shown to be downregulated in SIV-infected RMs that progress to AIDS but not in natural SIV hosts that remain AIDS free, such as the sooty mangabeys (SMs) (32). Furthermore, we found significant associations between the expression of several transcripts, which significantly increased with IL-21 treatment, and markers of T cell immune activation and SIV persistence (Supplemental Table 2). Collectively, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the main mechanism by which IL-21 limits residual inflammation in ART-treated, SIV-infected RMs is a Th17/Th22 cell–dependent improvement in mucosal immunity. To further investigate this pathway, we used gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to test the enrichment of gene sets related to IL-21, IL-17, and IL-22 signaling and found that IL-21–treated RMs were enriched in these gene sets at day 50 p.i. (P = 0.047; Figure 4, C and D) and at day 200 on ART (P = 0.20; Figure 4, G and H). Genes belonging to the JAK/STAT pathway, one of the major signaling routes for IL-21, IL-17, and IL-22, were significantly enriched in the IL-21–treated RMs (Supplemental Figure 9, A and B). Finally, a trend toward enrichment in the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) was observed in IL-21–treated RMs at the earlier experimental time point, but at the later time point in controls (i.e., ART only) (Supplemental Figure 9, C and D), a finding that was thus compatible with the triggering of an early antimicrobial response in IL-21–treated RMs, which was then downregulated concomitantly with the reduced levels of T cell immune activation. IL-21 supplementation upregulates the expression of genes regulating antimicrobial immunity in PBMCs from ART-treated, SIV-infected RMs. (A and E) Global heatmaps of genes whose expression levels were significantly different (Q < 0.05) between IL-21–treated (n = 7) and control (n = 8) RMs at day 50 (A) or day 200 (E) on ART. The specific genes are indicated on the left side of the heatmaps. (B and F) FPKM values for the selected genes of interest were compared between IL-21–treated (orange circles) and control (black squares) RMs at day 50 (B) and day 200 (F) on ART. (C and G) Gene ranking for IL-21–, IL-17–, and IL-22–related genes at day 50 (C) and day 200 (G) on ART. Dots represent individual genes plotted according to their ranking (x axis) and their addition to the cumulative score (y axis). P values below 0.25 were considered significant according to GSEA guidelines. Leading genes with higher enrichment scores in IL-21–treated RMs (as compared with controls) are highlighted in red and shown as heatmaps in D and H. Statistical analyses were performed with the Partek Genomics Suite, version 6.6, and the GSEA tool. In summary, IL-21 administration in ART-treated, SIV-infected RMs induces a transcriptional profile associated with active antimicrobial immune responses and improved Th17 and Th22 cell homeostasis. IL-21 treatment reduces viral persistence in ART-treated, SIV-infected RMs. Recent studies have linked residual immune activation to HIV persistence (33–35). Thus, we sought to determine whether the IL-21–induced reduction of immune activation and inflammation impacted the level of virus persistence during ART by measuring plasma levels of SIV RNA using an ultrasensitive assay (LOD, 3 copies of SIV RNA/ml). As shown in Figure 5, we found that IL-21–treated RMs showed a progressive reduction in plasma SIV RNA levels compared with ART-only controls, with the fraction of RMs with an undetectable viral load remaining stable between days 75 and 200 on ART in controls (3 of 8 animals; 37.5%) but gradually increasing from 28.5% to 85.7% of animals in the IL-21–treated group over time (P = 0.03, test for interaction between time on study and treatment group; Figure 5A). This trend resulted in the levels of residual viremia being significantly lower in IL-21–treated RMs compared with controls by the end of the 200 days on ART (P = 0.0203). We next measured the frequency of cells harboring SIV DNA in the colorectum at 2 experimental time points on ART. Consistent with the data obtained for residual viremia, the reduction of SIV DNA levels (copies per 108 cell equivalents) in RB biopsies between days 50 and 200 on ART was more pronounced in IL-21–treated RMs (P = 0.0156) than in controls (P = 0.1484) (Figure 5B) and therefore resulted in lower levels of SIV DNA in treated animals than in controls at day 200 on ART (P = 0.0607). The possibility of a link between immune activation and SIV persistence is supported by the observation that the frequencies of intestinal CD8+HLA-DR+CD38+ T cells at day 50 (r = 0.6368; P = 0.0107) and day 200 (r = 0.6314; P = 0.0116) on ART positively correlated with SIV DNA content at day 200 on ART (Figure 5C). In addition, the frequency of CD4+ T cells expressing PD1, a subset of cells enriched in HIV reservoirs (35), was also significantly lower in RB biopsies of IL-21–treated RMs than in controls at day 200 on ART (Supplemental Figure 10A). Of note, plasma viremia at ART initiation correlated significantly with SIV DNA contents in blood CD4+ T cells (r = 0.7821; P = 0.0009) and trended toward significance with SIV DNA copies in RB (r = 0.5071; P = 0.0562) at day 200 on ART, but did not correlate with the frequencies of intestinal CD8+HLA-DR+CD38+ T cells at day 50 or day 200 on ART (Supplemental Table 3). IL-21 supplementation reduces residual plasma viremia and SIV DNA content in ART-treated, SIV-infected RMs. (A) Residual levels (copies/ml) of plasma SIVmac239 RNA were assessed by ultrasensitive viral load assay (LOD, 3 copies per ml; dashed lines) at 3 experimental time points on ART: day 75 (day 135 p.i.), day 104 (day 164 p.i.), and day 200 (day 256 p.i.). Percentages at the top of the graphs indicate the fraction of RMs with undetectable viremia at the different time points. When all 3 time points were considered, the decrease in residual viremia was significantly higher in IL-21–treated (n = 7) (orange circles) RMs compared with viremia levels in controls (n = 8) (black squares) (P = 0.03). When a single experimental time point was considered, SIVmac239 RNA copies were significantly lower in IL-21–treated RMs at day 200 on ART (P = 0.0203). (B) Copies of total SIVmac239 DNA per 108 intestinal cell equivalents were longitudinally quantified at days 50 and 200 on ART. SIVmac239 DNA content significantly decreased between the 2 experimental points only in IL-21–treated animals (P = 0.0156). (C) Correlations between the levels of activated (HLA-DR+CD38+) CD8+ T cells at days 50 and 200 on ART and the content of SIV DNA in the rectum at day 200 on ART (top panels). Correlations between plasma viremia before ART initiation and the content of SIV DNA in PBMCs and in the rectum at day 200 on ART (bottom panels). Averaged data are presented as the geometric mean. Repeated-measures and GEE analyses were used (SAS PROC MIXED and GENMOD, version 9) to generate statistical outcomes. VL, viral load. Finally, we measured the levels of CD4+ T cells harboring replication-competent virus using a modified quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA) previously described for SIV-infected RMs (36, 37). Highly purified LN CD4+ T cells were isolated from 4 IL-21–treated and 4 control RMs at the last experimental time point on ART (QVOA requires a large number of cells, thus we were limited to doing this assay only in animals with a large number of cryopreserved cells). Purified CD4+ T cells were cocultured with the CEMx174 cell line, and frequencies of cells expressing p27 (see Figure 6A showing a representative staining), as well as levels of SIV RNA released in the supernatant, were quantified on days 9, 16, and 25 after coculture. Remarkably, all 4 IL-21–treated RMs showed levels of p27 expression and SIV RNA in supernatant that were significantly lower than those in controls at all tested experimental time points (Figure 6, B and C). As a result, the frequencies of latently infected cells, expressed as infectious units per million (IUPM) CD4+ T cells, were significantly lower in IL-21–treated RMs than in controls (Figure 6D). IL-21 supplementation reduces the frequency of CD4+ T cells harboring replication-competent SIV. (A) Representative staining of flow cytometric analyses of intracellular SIV-Gag p27 on days 9, 16, and 25 in LN CD4+ T cells cocultured with CEMx174 cells. Top 2 rows show positive (CEMx174 cells infected with SIVmac239) and negative (CEMx174 cells, uninfected) controls. The lower 4 rows show results for 2 control (ART-only) and 2 IL-21–treated RMs. (B) Longitudinal quantification of intracellular SIV-Gag p27 and (C) supernatant SIV-Gag RNA on days 9, 16, and 25 in IL-21–treated (n = 7) (orange bars) and control (n = 8) (black bars) RMs. Both measurements were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in IL-21–treated RMs when compared with those for controls. P < 0.05. (D) The frequency of latently infected cells, expressed as IUPM CD4+ T cells, was significantly lower in IL-21–treated RMs (orange circles) than in control RMs (black squares) (P = 0.009). Averaged data are presented as the median with an interquartile range. Repeated-measures analyses were performed with a means model (SAS PROC MIXED, version 9) to generate statistical outcomes. Along with those shown in Figure 3, these results indicate that IL-21 supplementation of ART limits both inflammation and viral persistence in SIV-infected RMs and support the possibility of a direct link between mucosal immunity, inflammation, and HIV persistence. Supporting this molecular link, SIV DNA content in purified blood CD4+ T cells at the latest time point on ART (day 256 p.i.) correlated (a) negatively with the levels of intestinal Th17 (r = –0.7632; P = 0.0013; Supplemental Figure 11A) and Th22 cells (r = –0.6429; P = 0.0116; Supplemental Figure 11C) before ART (day 58 p.i.); (b) negatively with the levels of intestinal Th17 cells on ART (day 105 p.i.; r = –0.5898; P = 0.0223; Supplemental Figure 11B); and (c) positively with the levels of intestinal CD4+Ki-67+ T cells on ART (day 84 p.i.; r = 0.5893; P = 0.0232; Supplemental Figure 11D). Moreover, at the latest time point on ART, the levels of activated (HLA-DR+CD38+) circulating CD4+ (r = 0.6885; P = 0.0062; Supplemental Figure 11E) and CD8+ (r = 0.5494; P = 0.0339; Supplemental Figure 11F) T cells positively correlated with residual plasma viremia. Finally, plasma levels of IP-10 (day 203 p.i.; r = 0.7575; P = 0.0011; Supplemental Figure 11G) and CRP (day 135 p.i.; r = 0.6986; P = 0.0050; Supplemental Figure 11H) on ART positively correlated with SIV DNA content in intestinal tissues and residual plasma viremia, respectively. Of note, plasma viremia before ART (day 58 p.i.) negatively correlated with pre-ART levels of intestinal Th17 (r = –0.6988; P = 0.0047) and Th22 (r = –0.4500; P = 0.0944) cells, but did not correlate with markers of immune activation on ART (Supplemental Table 3). IL-21–treated RMs show better control of virus replication and immune activation after ART interruption. The design of the current study included a structured interruption of ART after 7 months as a tool to determine whether the reduced inflammation and virus persistence observed during ART in IL-21–treated RMs (Figures 3 and 5) would translate into superior control of viral replication and immune activation following ART interruption. In this part of the study, all SIV-infected RMs were monitored for 8 months after interruption of ART (off ART) and then euthanized (Figure 1). During the off-ART follow-up period, plasma viral loads were, on average, 0.7 logs lower in IL-21–treated RMs when compared with those in ART-only controls, although, due to animal-to-animal variability in this relatively limited cohort, the difference between the 2 groups did not reach statistical significance at any of the experimental time points (Figure 7A). The difference was particularly pronounced starting at day 60 off ART, after which viral loads consistently increased (up to 1 log) in controls but remained stable in IL-21–treated animals (Figure 7A). To further investigate potential differences in the viral rebound after ART interruption, we then compared the levels of plasma viremia at different experimental time points off ART with the pre-ART levels. We found that plasma viremia was significantly reduced as compared with pre-ART levels up to day 60 off ART in both groups (data not shown); however, starting at day 90 off ART, plasma viremia rebounded to levels similar to those observed before ART in control RMs, while IL-21–treated animals maintained plasma SIV RNA copies that were significantly lower than the pre-ART baseline up to day 240 off ART (Figure 7B). As expected, plasma viremia levels before ART (day 58 p.i.) strongly correlated with those after ART interruption (shown for days 90 and 240 off ART in Supplemental Figure 12), thus highlighting the critical importance of matching experimental groups for viremia before ART initiation when testing interventions, as in our study. We next measured the levels of SIV DNA in purified blood CD4+ T cells after ART interruption (Figure 7C) and found that, in the majority of control RMs, these levels increased as compared with their on-ART levels (P = 0.0031; day 180 off ART), and, in fact, they were no longer different from pre-ART levels (P = 0.0829). In contrast, in IL-21–treated RMs, the levels of SIV DNA in blood CD4+ T cells did not increase following ART interruption (P = 0.1931 vs. on-ART levels) and remained significantly lower (P = 0.0407) compared with pre-ART levels (Figure 7C). Interestingly, in 2 control animals, the levels of CD4+ T cell SIV DNA content decreased after ART interruption. Both animals were Mamu-A01+ and had among the lowest set-point viral loads before ART initiation, thus suggesting the possibility of a genetically predisposed control of viral replication (38). Of note, when considering only Mamu-A01– animals, we found that the levels of SIV DNA content off ART rebounded to levels significantly higher than on-ART levels in all 4 controls, but only in 1 of the 4 IL-21–treated animals (Figure 7D). As a result, CD4+ T cell–associated SIV DNA content on day 180 after ART interruption was significantly lower in IL-21–treated animals compared with content in control RMs (mean ± SEM log10: 3.11 ± 0.52 vs. 4.55 ± 0.11; P = 0.01; Figure 7D). Effects of IL-21 treatment on immune activation and viral replication following ART interruption. (A) Longitudinal assessment of plasma SIVmac239 RNA copies (presented as the mean ± SEM) up to 8 months after ART interruption. Starting from day 90 off ART, viremia levels were lower (average of a 0.7-log reduction) in IL-21–treated RMs up to day 240 off ART. (B) Plasma viral loads before ART (day 58 p.i.) were compared with those at days 140, 180, and 240 off ART in IL-21–treated (n = 7) and control (n = 8) RMs. At all 3 experimental time points off ART (as well as at day 90 off ART, not shown), viral loads remained significantly lower than before ART in IL-21–treated RMs but not in controls. (C) Cell-associated SIV DNA content (total) in purified blood CD4+ T cells was longitudinally determined before ART initiation (day 58 p.i.), during ART (days 50 and 200 on ART), and after ART interruption (days 90 and 180 off ART) in IL-21–treated and control RMs. At day 180 off ART, SIVmac239 DNA levels were significantly higher than levels during ART in control animals, but not in IL-21–supplemented animals. (D) Differences were even more pronounced when only Mamu-A01– animals were analyzed. (E) Percentages of memory CD4+ (left panels) and CD8+ (right panels) T cells coexpressing the activation markers HLA-DR and CD38 were longitudinally determined at different experimental time points off ART in PB (top panels) and RB (bottom panels) biopsies. T cell activation levels were significantly lower in IL-21–treated RMs compared with levels in control RMs. IL-21–treated animals are indicated with orange circles and controls with black squares. Averaged data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Repeated-measures analyses were performed with a means model (SAS PROC MIXED, version 9) to generate statistical outcomes. We next measured, in the same SIV-infected RMs, the levels of activated or proliferating T cells after ART interruption. We found that IL-21–treated animals maintained CD4+HLA-DR+CD38+ and CD8+HLA-DR+CD38+ T cell levels that were significantly lower than those observed in controls in both PB and RB and up to day 240 off ART, i.e., 7 months after the last dose of IL-21 (Figure 7E). We also found that the fraction of CD4+HLA-DR+CD38+ T cells at necropsy was significantly lower in the LNs of IL-21–treated RMs compared with that detected in control RMs (P = 0.0260; Supplemental Figure 13A), with a similar trend found for CD8+HLA-DR+CD38+ T cells (Supplemental Figure 13B). Finally, the improved control of chronic immune activation and viral replication resulted in a higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio after ART interruption in IL-21–treated RMs, with values that become statistically significant at day 180 off ART compared with control RMs (Supplemental Figure 13C). Taken together, these data suggest that IL-21 supplementation of ART results in beneficial effects upon ART discontinuation, in particular in reducing chronic immune activation. While ART has a major beneficial impact on HIV disease progression, this treatment is associated with residual morbidity related to a number of persistent immune abnormalities and to the presence of a reservoir of latently infected cells that will cause a rebound of virus replication if ART is interrupted. As such, numerous concepts and products are aggressively being explored as novel interventions to be added to standard ART in order to reduce or possibly eliminate these immunological and/or virological aspects of residual HIV disease on ART. In the current study, we administered IL-21, a potent immunomodulatory cytokine, to ART-treated, SIV-infected RMs and determined how this intervention impacted immune reconstitution, residual immune activation, and viral persistence during ART as well as after ART interruption. The rationale for using IL-21 was 4-fold. First, this cytokine regulates processes that are compromised during pathogenic HIV/SIV infections, including differentiation of Th17 cells (5–7), maintenance of functional CD8+ T cells (39–42), and differentiation of memory B cells and Ab-secreting plasma cells (43–46). Second, SIV infection is associated with a loss of IL-21–producing cells in the gut, which is correlated with the severity of intestinal Th17 cell depletion (15). Third, administration of IL-21 during acute SIV infection of RMs is associated with preserved intestinal Th17 cells and limited microbial translocation (16). Last, IL-21 is currently being evaluated in several phase I and II cancer clinical trials, with limited toxicity and encouraging single-agent activity (17, 47–49). Importantly, a historic limitation of the SIV/RM model for studies of HIV residual disease, i.e., the lack of an optimized ART that fully suppresses virus replication, has been recently overcome, with a number of studies showing that the combination of tenofovir, emtricitabine, an integrase inhibitor (raltegravir or dolutegravir), and darunavir can durably suppress SIV infection of RMs to clinically relevant levels (50–53). Indeed, in the current study, we achieved prolonged suppression of plasma viral replication (<60 SIV RNA copies/ml) in all SIVmac-infected RMs, highlighting the relevance of the ART-treated, SIV-infected RM model to test immune-based interventions targeting residual immune activation and virus persistence in HIV-infected humans on suppressive ART. IL-21 administration was safe in the context of ART-treated, SIV infected RMs. When compared with ART-only controls, RMs receiving ART plus IL-21 showed (a) better reconstitution of intestinal Th17 and Th22 cells and a selective enrichment in genes that participate in Th17 and Th22 cell–orchestrated antimicrobial immunity, and (b) a significantly more rapid and pronounced reduction of the levels of cellular immune activation in rectum and blood, as well as of plasma levels of the inflammatory markers IP-10 and CRP (at selected time points). Remarkably, IL-21 treatment was associated with reduced plasma viremia, lower levels of SIV DNA in the rectum, and lower levels of replication-competent virus in LN-derived CD4+ T cells during ART. Furthermore, IL-21–treated RMs showed lower levels of immune activation and better control of virus replication up to 8 months (the latest tested experimental points) after ART interruption. The current data in a relevant NHP model provide, for the first time to our knowledge, direct in vivo evidence of the ability of IL-21 to reduce residual immune activation during long-term ART. This is a potentially important result, since residual immune activation is considered a key contributor to non–AIDS-related morbidity and mortality in ART-treated, HIV-infected individuals (1, 3). More generally, this study represents, to our knowledge, the first test-of-concept in a relevant preclinical animal model of the hypothesis that an immune-based intervention that reduces residual immune activation under ART can also limit virus persistence. Using sensitive assays, we found that the levels of SIV RNA in plasma, cell-associated SIV DNA in the rectum, and replication-competent virus in LN-derived CD4+ T cells were markedly reduced at day 200 on ART in RMs also receiving IL-21. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first in vivo data directly supporting a causal link between residual immune activation and virus persistence during ART. While, on the basis of our data, we propose increased mucosal integrity as a key contributor to the reduced residual immune activation during ART in IL-21–treated RMs, the mechanisms by which a reduction of immune activation can limit virus persistence under ART may be very complex and may include (a) a reduction in the number of activated CD4+ T cells that serve as targets for the infection and that may become a persistent reservoir, and (b) a better maintenance and/or restoration of HIV/SIV-specific immune responses, thus resulting in a better clearance of productively infected cells and/or latently infected cells in which virus infection has been reactivated. Although this study was not aimed at determining the mechanism(s) of the link between residual immune activation and virus persistence, further studies that include elective necropsy of the SIV-infected RMs during ART may be able to provide critical insights on this important question. Moreover, the activity of IL-21 in increasing mucosal integrity was more pronounced when IL-21 was administered earlier during ART as compared with administration late in ART. Thus, further studies are needed to confirm the benefit of IL-21 administration on mucosal integrity in already fully suppressed SIV-infected animals. As for all therapeutic interventions improving reconstitution of CD4+ T cells during ART, one potential concern is that, by increasing Th17 cell levels, we also expand the viral reservoir harbored by these cells. In this regard, it is important to note that Th17 cell levels are never greater than those detected before SIV infection; thus, IL-21 treatment does not induce a nonphysiological accumulation of Th17 cells. An additional and perhaps surprising result of this study is that the beneficial effects of IL-21 supplementation seem to include better control of immune activation and, although to a lower extent, viral replication following ART interruption. This observation is intriguing in that it supports the idea that immune-based interventions during ART-induced suppression of virus replication may have an impact on the dynamics of the host-virus interaction that persists even after ART discontinuation, when virus replication has rebounded to levels similar to those observed before ART initiation. The observation that IL-21 supplementation might have caused a significant and persistent reduction in immune activation despite robust virus replication is reminiscent of the phenotype typical of the nonpathogenic SIV infection of natural hosts such as the sooty mangabeys (54). Of note, in both IL-21–treated and control RMs, plasma viremia at ART initiation directly correlated with the extent of viral rebound after ART interruption, thus highlighting the critical importance of matching experimental groups before ART initiation in studies aimed at testing the curative potential of therapeutic interventions. Future studies in which the ART plus IL-21–treated, SIV-infected RMs are followed up for longer periods after ART interruption will be needed to determine the impact of this treatment on the clinical progression of SIV infection. In summary, we tested a novel immune-based intervention in an in vivo NHP model highly relevant for studies of HIV residual immune dysfunction and virus persistence under ART. By using the well-established model of SIV infection in RMs in the context of ART-mediated suppression of virus replication, we determined that IL-21 supplementation is associated with key benefits in terms of reducing both the residual immune activation and inflammation and the level of virus persistence in ART-treated, SIV-infected RMs. In addition, these in vivo data support the hypothesis of a mechanistic link between residual immune activation and virus persistence that may have important implications in the pathogenesis of residual HIV disease under ART. Taken together, these results provide a rationale for further exploration of IL-21 as an immune-based intervention in preclinical and clinical studies of HIV/SIV eradication. Animals, SIV infection, and ART regimen. Sixteen RMs, all housed at the YNPRC in Atlanta, Georgia, were included in the study. All animals were Mamu-B08– and -B17–, while 8 of them were Mamu-A01+ (RLm12, RBt12, RJp11, RCb12, RVt10, RKg11, ROc10, and RPy8). The 16 RMs were randomized into 2 groups (group 1: IL-21 plus ART treatment; group 2: ART-only controls) of 8 animals on the basis of age (group 1: 6.9 ± 0.63 years; group 2: 6.7 ± 0.86 years), weight (7.4 kg ± 0.6 kg vs. 6.7 kg ± 0.3 kg), and Mamu-A*01 status (4 in each group). All 16 animals were infected i.v. with 300 TCID50 SIVmac239 (day 0). Starting on day 60 p.i., all animals were treated with a 5-drug ART regimen consisting of 2 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (PMPA, 20 mg/kg and FTC, 30 mg/kg), 1 integrase inhibitor (raltegravir, 100 mg/bid), and 1 protease inhibitor (darunavir, 375 mg/bid with ritonavir, 50 mg/bid, as a boosting supplementation) for 7 months. In addition, the 8 animals in group 1 received 2 cycles of treatment with recombinant IL-21–IgFc (rIL-21–IgFc) (16) (100 μg/kg s.c., once per week for 6 weeks) at the beginning (from days 67 to 105 p.i.) and at the end (from days 203 to 241 p.i.) of ART, as well as 4 additional administrations upon ART interruption (day 271 p.i. or day 1 after ART discontinuation). The remaining 8 animals in group 2 served as ART-treated controls (Figure 1A). We did not notice any side effects or increased complications in the SIV-infected RMs that had been treated with IL-21 compared with those treated with ART alone. ROc10, in the IL-21–treated group, was euthanized on day 140 p.i. due to post-surgical (LN biopsy) complications. Markers in this animal were comparable to those of the others treated with IL-21, including greater Th17 and Th22 cell levels compared with those in ART-treated controls (Supplemental Table 4). On day 270 p.i., ART was interrupted, and all animals were monitored for an additional 8 months. PB, RB, and LN biopsies were collected at numerous experimental time points throughout the study (Figure 1). Production and testing of rhesus rIL-21–IgFc. Rhesus rIL-21–IgFc (IL-21) fusion protein was generated as previously described by the Resource for Nonhuman Primate Immune Reagents of Emory University (16). Briefly, IL-21 was produced in the Drosophila S2 system as a fusion protein between rMamuIL-21 and a macaque IgG2 Fc mutated to prevent binding to complement or Fc receptors, similar to a previously reported PD1-IgFc (55). IL-21–Fc was purified to greater than 95% by protein G sepharose affinity chromatography, dialyzed against PBS, and tested for sterility and the potential presence of residual endotoxin (16). Sample collection and processing. The collection and processing of PB and LN were done as previously described (8, 15, 16, 56). Briefly, blood samples were used for a complete blood count and routine chemical analysis and plasma separated by centrifugation within 1 hour of phlebotomy. PBMCs were prepared by density gradient centrifugation. Up to 20 RB biopsies were collected with a biopsy forceps under visual control via an anoscope. RB-derived lymphocytes were isolated by digestion with 1 mg/ml collagenase for 2 hours at 37°C and then passed through a 70-μm cell strainer to remove residual tissue fragments. For LN biopsies, the skin over the axillary or inguinal region was clipped and surgically prepared. An incision was made over the LN, which was exposed by blunt dissection and excised over clamps. Biopsies were homogenized and passed through a 70-μm cell strainer to mechanically isolate lymphocytes. All samples were processed, fixed in 1% paraformaldehyde, and analyzed within 24 hours of collection. Flow cytometric analysis. Fourteen-parameter flow cytometric analysis was performed on PB-, PBMC-, LN-, and RB-derived cells according to standard procedures using a panel of mAbs that we and others have shown to be cross-reactive with RMs (15, 16, 56, 57). Predetermined optimal concentrations of the following Abs were used: anti-CD3–APC–Cy7 (clone SP34-2), anti-CD95–PE–Cy5 (clone DX2), anti-CD28–PE–594 (clone CD28.2), anti-CCR5–APC (clone 3A9), anti-CCR5–PE (clone 3A9), anti–Ki-67–Alexa Fluor 700 (clone B56), anti–IFN-γ–PE–Cy7 (clone B27), anti-CD8–PE–CF–594 (clone RPA-T8), anti–TNF-α–Alexa Fluor 700 (clone MAb11), anti-CCR7–PE–Cy7 (clone 3D12), anti-HLA–DR–PerCp–Cy5.5 (clone G46-6) (all from BD Pharmingen); anti–IL-17–Alexa Fluor 488 (clone eBio64DEC17), anti–IL-22–APC (clone IL22JOP) (all from eBioscience); anti-CD4–BV421 (clone OKT4), anti-CD4–BV605 (clone OKT4), anti-PD1–PE (clone EH12.2H7), anti-PD1–BV421 (clone EH12.2H7), anti–IL-2–BV605 (clone MQ1-17H12), anti-CD20–PerC–Cy5.5 (clone 2H7) (all from BioLegend); anti-CD8–Qdot705 (clone 3B5) and Aqua LIVE/DEAD amine dye AmCyan (both from Invitrogen); and anti-CD38–FITC (clone AT-1; STEMCELL Technologies). Flow cytometric acquisition was performed on at least 100,000 CD3+ T cells on a BD LSR II Flow Cytometer driven by BD FACSDiva software. Analysis of the acquired data was performed using FlowJo software. Intracellular cytokine staining. Th17 and Th22 cell levels were determined as the percentage of CD4+ T cells that produced IL-17 and IL-22 following in vitro stimulation with PMA and ionomycin (16). PBMC-, LN-, and RB-derived cells, isolated as described above, were resuspended to 3 × 106 cells/ml in complete RPMI 1640 medium. Cells were then incubated for 4 hours at 37°C in medium containing PMA, A23187, and BD GolgiStop. Following incubation, the cells were washed and stained with surface markers for 30 minutes in the dark at room temperature, followed by fixation and permeabilization. After permeabilization, cells were washed and stained intracellularly with Abs against the cytokines of interest for 1 hour in the dark at room temperature. Following staining, cells were washed, fixed in PBS containing 1% paraformaldehyde, and acquired on a BD LSR II Flow Cytometer. Plasma levels of immune activation and inflammation markers. Soluble IFN-γ–induced protein 10 (IP-10) and CRP levels were measured in plasma using commercially available ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions. IP-10 levels were quantified using a human IP-10 Quantikine ELISA kit (R&D Systems) and expressed as pg/ml. Plasma CRP levels were measured using a monkey CRP ELISA kit (Life Diagnostics Inc.) and expressed as μg/ml. Plasma viral load and tissue-associated SIV DNA/RNA in rectum. Plasma SIV viral loads were determined by standard quantitative RT-PCR, as previously described (LOD, 60 copies/ml) (58). Ultrasensitive determinations of plasma viral loads were achieved by concentrating virus from the larger volumes of material available by ultracentrifugation as previously described (53). Quantitative assessments of SIV DNA and SIV RNA in mucosal tissues at days 50 and 200 on ART were determined by quantitative hybrid real-time/digital RT-PCR and PCR assays, as previously described (53). For each sample, 12 replicate reactions were run with a nominal single-copy sensitivity. The clinical sensitivity (based on the number of cells assessed) in our samples was as low as 1 copy/850,000 cells. Cell-associated SIV DNA within blood CD4+ T cells. Quantitative assessment of cell-associated total SIV DNA within circulating CD4+ T cells at day 58 p.i., at days 50 and 200 on ART, and at days 90 and 180 off ART was performed using a modified version of a recently published quantitative nested PCR assay for cell-associated total HIV DNA (59). In a first round of PCR, total SIV DNA was amplified with 2 primers that anneal within a conserved region of the long terminal repeat (LTR) 5′ end (SIV-LF1) and at the junction with the Gag gene (SIV-R1). The forward primer SIV-LF1 was extended with a lambda phage–specific heel sequence at the 5′ end of the oligonucleotide. Primers targeting the CD3 gene (HCD3OUT-5′ and HCD3OUT-3′) were also added to quantify the exact number of cells in the initial samples. Gag-LTR sequences were amplified from 15 μl lysate in a 50-μl reaction mixture composed of 1X Taq Buffer, MgCl2, dNTP, SIV-LF1, SIV-R1, and Taq polymerase. The first-round PCR cycle conditions were as follows: a denaturation step of 8 minutes at 95°C and then 16 cycles of amplification (95°C for 1 minute, 62°C for 40 seconds, 72°C for 1 minute), followed by an elongation step at 72°C for 15 minutes. In a second round of PCR, the lambda T–specific primer (Lambda T) and the LTR primer (SIV-R2) were used to amplify SIV sequences obtained from the first amplification. Primers targeting CD3 were also used in another second-round PCR. Nested PCR was performed on one-tenth of the first-round PCR product in a mixture consisting of 1X Rotor-Gene Master Mix (QIAGEN), Lambda T primer, SIV-R2 primers, and SIV probe (Integrated DNA Technologies). For CD3 amplification, nested PCR was performed in a mixture composed of 1X Rotor-Gene Master Mix, HCD3IN 5′ and MamuCD3IN 3′ and MamuCD3 probe. Cycling was performed on the Rotor-Gene (QIAGEN) with a denaturation step (95°C for 4 minutes), followed by 40 cycles of amplification (95°C for 3 seconds, 60°C for 10 seconds). The total SIV DNA copy number was calculated using a standard curve as a reference. This standard curve consisted of serial dilution of the 3D8 cell lysates (carrying 1 integrated copy of SIV genome per cell) (60). Quantification of replication-competent virus in purified CD4+ T cells during ART. LN cryopreserved, highly purified CD4+ T cells were cocultured at a 1:1 ratio with the CEMx174 cell line (NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program) in serial dilutions ranging from 1 × 106 to 0.1 × 106 cells per well. The cells were cultured in complete RPMI 1640 with 4 mM L-glutamine supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS (Gemini Bio Products), penicillin (50 U/ml), streptomycin (50 μg/ml), and IL-2 (100 U/ml). Cultured cells were split, fed with fresh medium, and harvested and analyzed on days 9, 16 and 25. Flow cytometric analyses of intracellular SIV-Gag p27 expression (61) and SIV-Gag viral RNA (vRNA) (copies/ml) in the supernatant were used to determine positive wells. Replication-competent SIV levels in CD4+ T cells were compared between cell cultures from controls and IL-21–treated animals. The frequencies of infected cells were determined by the maximum likelihood method (62) and expressed in terms of IUPM CD4+ T cells. RNA-seq analysis. RNA-seq analysis was conducted at the Yerkes Nonhuman Primate Genomics Core laboratory (http://www.yerkes.emory.edu/nhp_genomics_core/). PBMCs at various time points were stored in QIAGEN RLT buffer at –80°C. Total RNA was prepared using QIAGEN RNeasy kits. Polyadenylated transcripts were purified on oligo-dT magnetic beads, fragmented, reverse transcribed using random hexamers, and incorporated into barcoded cDNA libraries based on the Illumina TruSeq platform. Libraries were validated by microelectrophoresis and quantified, pooled, and clustered on Illumina TruSeq v3 flow cells. Clustered flow cells were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 1000 in 100-base single-read reactions. RNA-seq data were analyzed by alignment and annotation to the MacaM assembly of the Indian rhesus macaque genome (63) (available at http://www.unmc.edu/rhesusgenechip/index.htm#NewRhesusGenome). Alignment was performed using STAR version 2.3.0e (64); parameters were set using the annotation as a splice junction reference, and unannotated, noncanonical splice junction mappings and nonunique mappings were removed from downstream analysis. Transcripts were annotated using MacaM assembly and annotation, version 7.6 (see previous URL address). RNA-seq reads and the normalized expression table were deposited in the NCBI’s Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GEO GSE73232). Transcript assembly, abundance estimates, and differential expression analysis were performed using Cufflinks, version 2.1.1, and Cuffdiff (65). RNA-seq data are expressed as fragments per kilobase mapped (FPKM), which is the default output by Cufflinks/Cuffdiff, in which reads and fragments mapping to an individual gene are normalized by the total number of kilobases that map to the reference genome for an individual sample; this calculation minimizes bias due to differences in sequencing depth between samples. Heatmaps and other visualizations were generated using the Partek Genomics Suite, version 6.6. GSEA. GSEA was performed using the desktop module available from the Broad Institute (www.broadinstitute.org/gsea/). While conventional statistics for differential gene expression determine significance on the basis of variance on a single gene, GSEA uses a cumulative statistic based on multiple genes within a biological pathway, and these multiple genes are grouped together on the basis of their common function/characteristic or empirical data (66). Gene rank was calculated for the normalized expression table using the signal-to-noise metric. The ranked dataset was screened against the Broad Institute’s Molecular Signatures Database (http://www.broadinstitute.org/gsea/msigdb/index.jsp), curated (C2) and immunologic signatures (C7) gene sets, as well as against the ISG gene set, an immune activation dataset determined using previous data from our laboratory (67). We also generated unbiased sets of genes representing IL-21–regulated genes for GSEA testing. Gene sets with P values below 0.25 were considered significant according to the guidelines published on the GSEA home page. IHC and quantitative image analysis. IHC and quantitative image analysis for the percentage of LP area that stained for MPO+ neutrophils was performed as previously described (68, 69). Statistics. Repeated-measures analyses for each outcome (CD4+ T cells, CD4+Ki-67+ T cells, Th17 cells; plasma viral load, SIV DNA within blood CD4+ T cells, etc.) were performed with a means model using SAS PROC MIXED, version 9 (SAS Institute) providing separate estimates of the means by weeks after infection and treatment groups. A compound-symmetry variance-covariance form in repeated measurements was assumed for each outcome, and robust estimates of the standard errors of parameters were used to perform statistical tests and construct 95% CIs (70). The mean estimates and their 95% CIs were back transformed to the original scale and reported as the geometric mean with 95% CIs. The model-based means are unbiased with unbalanced and missing data, so long as the missing data are noninformative (missing at random). t tests were used to compare the differences between the model-based treatment means (least-squares means) at each time point and to compare mean differences over time within each treatment group. Specific statistical tests were generally performed within the framework of the mixed-effects linear model. However, selected statistical tests were performed for specific data subsets. All statistical tests were 2 sided and unadjusted for multiple comparisons. A P value below 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Because of the small sample sizes, results from these studies focus on the magnitude of the differences for each outcome, consistency of the findings, and biological significance. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach was used to analyze the repeated binary responses (detectable or nondetectable) for residual plasma SIVmac239 RNA (71). The binary data over time at days 75, 104, and 200 on ART were compared between the IL-21–treated and control groups by performing a GEE analysis using the SAS PROC GENMOD (SAS Institute) with an exchangeable correlation structure for the repeated data within the animal (binomial logit model). Study approval. This study was approved by the IACUC of the YNPRC at Emory University (permit 2001973). All animal experimentations were conducted following guidelines established by the Animal Welfare Act and the NIH for the housing and care of laboratory animals and performed in accordance with institutional regulations. All efforts were made to minimize suffering of the animals. LM and MP designed the research studies. LM, ESR, RF, SEB, JLH, TH, SP, CB, SG, CSM, CD, CL, SNB, MPJ, JMB, and FV conducted the experiments. LM, ESR, RF, SEB, KAE, AC, SNB, CA, JDE, JDL, MPJ, NC, and GS analyzed the data. FV and KAR provided reagents. LM, ESR, and MP wrote the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge Gilead (Romas Geleziunas), Johnson & Johnson (Guenter Kraus), and Merck (Daria Hazuda) for supplying the antiretroviral drugs. The authors also thank Sherrie Jean, Stephanie Ehnert, Christopher Souder, and all the animal care and veterinary staff at the YNPRC; Barbara Cervasi and Kiran Gill at the Emory University Flow Cytometry Core; Thomas Vanderford, Benton Lawson, and Melon T. Nega at the Emory Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) Virology and Molecular Biomarkers Core; Nirav Patel and Gregory Tharp at the Yerkes Nonhuman Primate Genomics Core; Guofu Fang and Balwan Singh at the Resource for Nonhuman Primate Immune Reagents of Emory University for producing rMamuIL-21-IgFc; and Kristina T. Ortiz of Emory University. Finally, we thank Afam Okoye and Yoshinori Fukazawa at Oregon Health & Science University for their technical advice on the VOA. Research reported in this publication was supported by the NIAID, NIH under award numbers R01AI116379, R01AI110334, and R33AI104278 (to M. Paiardini), ORIP/OD P51OD011132 (formerly NCRR P51RR000165, to the YNPRC), ORIP/OD 5R24RR016988 and P30AI50409 (to the Emory Center for AIDS Research), as well as by amfAR grant 109109-57-RGRL (to M. Paiardini). This project has been supported in part by federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, NIH, under contract HHSN261200800001E, as well as by the Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH (A1001029). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 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__label__cc	0.575213	0.424787	Procedure rules PRACTICE DIRECTION 12A - CARE, SUPERVISION AND OTHER PART 4 PROCEEDINGS: GUIDE TO CASE MANAGEMENT See also Part 12, Practice Direction 12B, Practice Direction 12C, Practice Direction 12D, Practice Direction 12E, Practice Direction 12F, Practice Direction 12G, Practice Direction 12H, Practice Direction 12I, Practice Direction 12J Practice Direction 12K, Practice Direction 12L, Practice Direction 12M, Practice Direction 12N, Practice Direction 12O, Practice Direction 12P PRACTICE DIRECTION 12A – CARE, SUPERVISION AND OTHER PART 4 PROCEEDINGS: GUIDE TO CASE MANAGEMENT Contents of this Practice Direction The key stages of the court process para 1.1 Public Law Outline Flexible powers of the court para 2.1 Compliance with pre-proceedings checklist para 3.1 Allocation para 4.1 The timetable for the child and the timetable for proceedings para 5.1 Extensions to the timetable for proceedings para 6.1 Interpretation para 7.1 The key stages of the court process The Public Law Outline set out in the Table below contains an outline of – (1) the order of the different stages of the process; (2) the matters to be considered at the main case management hearings; (3) the latest timescales within which the main stages of the process should take place in order to resolve the proceedings within 26 weeks. In the Public Law Outline – (1) ‘CMH’ means the Case Management Hearing; (2) ‘FCMH’ means Further Case Management Hearing; (3) ‘ICO’ means interim care order; (4) ‘IRH’ means the Issues Resolution Hearing; (5) ‘LA’ means the Local Authority which is applying for a care or supervision order or a final order in other Part 4 proceedings; (6) ‘OS’ means the Official Solicitor. In applying the provisions of FPR Part 12 and the Public Law Outline the court and the parties must also have regard to – (1) all other relevant rules and Practice Directions and in particular – FPR Part 1 (Overriding Objective); FPR Part 4 ( General Case Management Powers); FPR Part 15 (Representation of Protected Parties) and Practice Direction 15B (Adults Who May Be Protected Parties and Children Who May Become Protected Parties in Family Proceedings); FPR Part 18 (Procedure for Other Applications in Proceedings); FPR Part 22 (Evidence); FPR Part 24 (Witnesses, depositions generally and taking of evidence in Member States of the European Union); FPR Part 25 (Experts) and the Experts Practice Directions; FPR 27.6 and Practice Direction 27A (Court Bundles); FPR 30 (Appeals) and Practice Direction 30A (Appeals); (2) the Allocation Rules; (3) the Justices' Clerks Rules; (4) President's Guidance issued from time to time on – Distribution of business of the family court; Judicial continuity and deployment; Prescribed templates and orders; (5) International instruments – The Council Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 (Brussels 2 revised); The 1996 Hague Convention; (6) Guidance relating to protected parties and others with a disability – Protected Parties in Family Proceedings: Checklist For the Appointment of a Litigation Friend (including the Official Solicitor) (published in Family Law (January 2014); The Mental Capacity Act 2005 (Transfer of Proceedings) Order 2007 SI 2007/1899, relating to young people over 16 where they are likely to lack decision-making capacity at age 18. Pre-proceedings Pre-proceedings Checklist Annex Documents are the documents specified in the Annex to the Application Form which are to be attached to that form and filed with the court: Social Work Chronology Social Work Statement and Genogram The current assessments relating to the child and/or the family and friends of the child to which the Social Work Statement refers and on which the LA relies Index of Checklist Documents Checklist documents (already existing on the LA's files) are – a. Evidential documents including – Previous court orders including foreign orders and judgments/reasons Any assessment materials relevant to the key issues including capacity to litigate, section 7 and 37 reports Single, joint or inter-agency materials (e.g., health and education/Home Office and Immigration Tribunal documents); b. Decision-making records including – Records of key discussions with the family Key LA minutes and records for the child Pre-existing care plans (e.g., child in need plan, looked after child plan and child protection plan) Letters Before Proceedings Only Checklist documents in (a) are to be served with the application form Checklist Documents in (b) are to be disclosed on request by any party Checklist documents are not to be – filed with the court unless the court directs otherwise; and older than 2 years before the date of issue of the proceedings unless reliance is placed on the same in the LA's evidence Stage 1 Issue and Allocation Day 1 and Day 2 (see interpretation section) On Day 1 (Day of issue): The LA files the Application Form and Annex Documents and sends copies to Cafcass/CAFCASS CYMRU The LA notifies the court of the need for an urgent preliminary case management hearing or an urgent contested ICO hearing where this is known or expected Court officer issues application Within a day of issue (Day 2): Court considers jurisdiction in a case with an international element Court considers initial allocation to specified level of judge, in accordance with the Allocation Rules and any President's Guidance on the distribution of business LA serves the Application Form, Annex Documents and evidential Checklist Documents on the parties together with the notice of date and time of CMH and any urgent hearing Court gives standard directions on Issue and Allocation including: — Checking compliance with Pre-Proceedings Checklist including service of any missing Annex Documents — Appointing Children's Guardian (to be allocated by Cafcass/CAFCASS CYMRU) — Appointing solicitor for the child only if necessary — Appointing (if the person to be appointed consents) a litigation friend for any protected party or any non subject child who is a party, including the OS where appropriate — Identifying whether a request has been made or should be made to a Central Authority or other competent authority in a foreign state or a consular authority in England and Wales in a case with an international element — Filing and service of a LA Case Summary — Filing and service of a Case Analysis by the Children's Guardian — Filing and Serving the Parents' Response — Sending a request for disclosure to, e.g., the police or health service body — Filing and serving an application for permission relating to experts under Part 25 on a date prior to the advocates meeting for the CMH — Directing the solicitor for the child to arrange an advocates' meeting no later than 2 business days before the CMH — Listing the CMH Court considers any request for an urgent preliminary case management hearing or an urgent contested ICO hearing and where necessary lists the hearing and gives additional directions. Court officer sends copy Notice of Hearing of the CMH and any urgent hearing by email to Cafcass/ CAFCASS CYMRU. Stage 2 – Case Management Hearing Advocates' Meeting (including any litigants in person) Case Management Hearing No later than 2 business days before CMH (or FCMH if it is necessary) CMH : Not before day 12 and not later than day 18 A FCMH is to be held only if necessary, it is to be listed as soon as possible and in any event no later than day 25 Consider information on the Application Form and Annex documents, the LA Case Summary, and the Case Analysis Identify the parties' positions to be recited in the draft Case Management Order Identify the parties' positions about jurisdiction, in particular arising out of any international element If necessary, identify proposed experts and draft questions in accordance with Part 25 and the Experts Practice Directions Identify any disclosure that in the advocates' views is necessary Immediately notify the court of the need for a contested ICO hearing and any issue about allocation LA advocate to file a draft Case Management Order in prescribed form with court by 11a.m. on the business day before the CMH and/or FCMH Court gives detailed case management directions, including: — Considering jurisdiction in a case with an international element; — Confirming allocation — Drawing up the timetable for the child and the timetable for the proceedings and considering if an extension is necessary — Identifying additional parties, intervenors and representation (including confirming that Cafcass/CAFCASS CYMRU have allocated a Children's Guardian and that a litigation friend is appointed for any protected party or non-subject child) — Giving directions for the determination of any disputed issue about litigation capacity — Identifying the key issues — Identifying the evidence necessary to enable the court to resolve the key issues — Deciding whether there is a real issue about threshold to be resolved — Determining any application made under Part 25 and otherwise ensuring compliance with Part 25 where it is necessary for expert(s) to be instructed — Identifying any necessary disclosure and if appropriate giving directions — Giving directions for any concurrent or proposed placement order proceedings — Ensuring compliance with the court's directions — If a FCMH is necessary, directing an advocates' meeting and Case Analysis if required — Directing filing of any threshold agreement, final evidence and Care Plan and responses to those documents for the IRH — Directing a Case Analysis for the IRH — Directing an advocates' meeting for the IRH — Listing (any FCMH) IRH, Final Hearing (including early Final Hearing) — Giving directions for special measures and/or interpreters and intermediaries — Issuing the Case Management Order Stage 3 – Issues Resolution Hearing Advocates' Meeting (including any litigants in person) IRH No later than 7 business days before the IRH As directed by the court, in accordance with the timetable for the proceedings Review evidence and the positions of the parties Identify the advocates' views of – — the remaining key issues and how the issues may be resolved or narrowed at the IRH including by the making of final orders — the further evidence which is required to be heard to enable the key issues to be resolved or narrowed at the IRH — the evidence that is relevant and the witnesses that are required at the final hearing — the need for a contested hearing and/or time for oral evidence to be given at the IRH LA advocate to – — notify the court immediately of the outcome of the discussion at the meeting — file a draft Case Management Order with the court by 11a.m. on the business day before the IRH Court identifies the key issue(s) (if any) to be determined and the extent to which those issues can be resolved or narrowed at the IRH Court considers whether the IRH can be used as a final hearing Court resolves or narrows the issues by hearing evidence Court identifies the evidence to be heard on the issues which remain to be resolved at the final hearing Court gives final case management directions including: — Any extension of the timetable for the proceedings which is necessary — Filing of the threshold agreement or a statement of facts/issues remaining to be determined — Filing of – — Final evidence and Care Plan — Case Analysis for Final Hearing (if required) — Witness templates — Skeleton arguments — Judicial reading list/reading time, including time estimate and an estimate for judgment writing time — Ensuring Compliance with PD27A (the Bundles Practice Direction) — Listing the Final Hearing Court issues Case Management Order Flexible powers of the court Attention is drawn to the flexible powers of the court either following the issue of the application or at any other stage in the proceedings. The court may give directions without a hearing including setting a date for the Final Hearing or a period within which the Final Hearing will take place. The steps, which the court will ordinarily take at the various stages of the proceedings provided for in the Public Law Outline, may be taken by the court at another stage in the proceedings if the circumstances of the case merit this approach. The flexible powers of the court include the ability for the court to cancel or repeat a particular hearing. For example, if the issue on which the case turns can with reasonable practicability be crystallised and resolved by taking evidence at an IRH then such a flexible approach must be taken in accordance with the overriding objective and to secure compliance with section 1(2) of the 1989 Act and resolving the proceedings within 26 weeks or the period for the time being specified by the court. Where a party has requested an urgent hearing a) to enable the court to give immediate directions or orders to facilitate any case management issue which is to be considered at the CMH, or b) to decide whether an ICO is necessary, the court may list such a hearing at any appropriate time before the CMH and give directions for that hearing. It is anticipated that an urgent preliminary case management hearing will only be necessary to consider issues such as jurisdiction, parentage, party status, capacity to litigate, disclosure and whether there is, or should be, a request to a Central Authority or other competent authority in a foreign state or consular authority in England and Wales in an international case. It is not intended that any urgent hearing will delay the CMH. Where it is anticipated that oral evidence may be required at the CMH, FCMH or IRH, the court must be notified in accordance with Stages 2 and 3 of the Public Law Outline well in advance and directions sought for the conduct of the hearing. It is expected that full case management will take place at the CMH. It follows that the parties must be prepared to deal with all relevant case management issues, as identified in Stage 2 of the Public Law Outline. A FCMH should only be directed where necessary and must not be regarded as a routine step in proceedings. Compliance with pre-proceedings checklist It is recognised that in a small minority of cases the circumstances are such that the safety and welfare of the child may be jeopardised if the start of proceedings is delayed until all of the documents appropriate to the case and referred to in the Pre-proceedings Checklist are available. The safety and welfare of the child should never be put in jeopardy by delaying issuing proceedings whether because of lack of documentation or otherwise. (Nothing in this Practice Direction affects an application for an emergency protection order under section 44 of the 1989 Act). Also, where an application for an interim order is urgent, then the hearing of that application is NOT expected to be postponed until the Case Management Hearing. The Case Management Hearing is still to be held not before day 12 and not later than day 18 in accordance with the Public Law Outline and guidance in this Practice Direction. If an urgent preliminary Case Management Hearing or an urgent contested ICO hearing is held before the CMH, the court should not dispense with the CMH unless all of the parties have been sufficiently prepared and the court has been able to deal with all case management issues which would have come before it at the CMH. The court recognises that the preparation may need to be varied to suit the circumstances of the case. In cases where any of the Annex Documents required to be attached to the Application Form are not available at the time of issue of the application, the court will consider making directions on issue about when any missing documentation is to be filed. The expectation is that there must be a good reason why one or more of the documents are not available. Further directions relating to any missing documentation will also be made at the Case Management Hearing. The court considers the allocation of proceedings in accordance with the Allocation Rules and any Guidance issued by the President on distribution of business of the family court. The justices' clerk or assistant justices' clerk (with responsibility for gatekeeping and allocation of proceedings) will discuss initial allocation with a district judge (with responsibility for allocation and gatekeeping of proceedings) as provided for in any Guidance issued by the President on distribution of business of the family court. The expectation is that, wherever possible, any question relating to allocation of the proceedings will be considered at the CMH. The timetable for the child and the timetable for proceedings 5.1 The timetable for the proceedings – (1) The court will draw up a timetable for the proceedings with a view to disposing of the application – (a) without delay; and (b) in any event within 26 weeks beginning with the day on which the application was issued in accordance with section 32(1)(a)(ii) of the Children Act 1989. (2) The court, when drawing up or revising a timetable under paragraph (1), will in particular have regard to – (a) the impact which the timetable or any revised timetable would have on the welfare of the child to whom the application relates; and (b) the impact which the timetable or any revised timetable would have on the duration and conduct of the proceedings. The impact which the timetable for the proceedings, any revision or extension of that timetable would have on the welfare of the child to whom the application relates are matters to which the court is to have particular regard. The court will use the Timetable for the Child to assess the impact of these matters on the welfare of the child and to draw up and revise the timetable for the proceedings. The ‘Timetable for the Child is the timetable set by the court which takes into account dates which are important to the child's welfare and development. The timetable for the proceedings is set having particular regard to the Timetable for the Child and the Timetable for the Child needs to be reviewed regularly. Where adjustments are made to the Timetable for the Child, the timetable for the proceedings will have to be reviewed consistently with resolving the proceedings within 26 weeks or the period for the time being specified by the court. Examples of the dates the court will record and take into account when setting the Timetable for the Child are the dates of – (1) any formal review by the Local Authority of the case of a looked after child (within the meaning of section 22(1) of the 1989 Act); (2) any significant educational steps, including the child taking up a place at a new school and, where applicable, any review by the Local Authority of a statement of the child's special educational needs; (3) any health care steps, including assessment by a paediatrician or other specialist; (4) any review of Local Authority plans for the child, including any plans for permanence through adoption, Special Guardianship or placement with parents or relatives; (5) any change or proposed change of the child's placement; (6) any significant change in the child's social or family circumstances; or (7) any timetable for the determination of an issue in a case with an international element. To identify the Timetable for the Child, the applicant is required to provide the information needed about the significant steps in the child's life in the Application Form and the Social Work Statement and to update this information regularly taking into account information received from others involved in the child's life such as the parties, members of the child's family, the person who is caring for the child, the children's guardian, the Independent Reviewing Officer , the child's key social worker and any Central Authority or competent authority in a foreign state or a consular authority in England and Wales in a case with an international element. Where more than one child is the subject of the proceedings, the court should consider and will set a Timetable for the Child for each child. The children may not all have the same timetable, and the court will consider the appropriate progress of the proceedings in relation to each child. Where there are parallel care proceedings and criminal proceedings against a person connected with the child for a serious offence against the child, linked directions hearings should where practicable take place as the case progresses. The timing of the proceedings in a linked care and criminal case should appear in the Timetable for the Child. The time limit of resolving the proceedings within 26 weeks applies unless a longer timetable has been set by the court in order to resolve the proceedings justly in accordance with section 32(1)(a)(ii) and (5) of the 1989 Act. Early disclosure and listing of hearings is necessary in proceedings in a linked care and criminal case. Extensions to the timetable for proceedings The court is required to draw up a timetable for proceedings with a view to disposing of the application without delay and in any event within 26 weeks. If proceedings can be resolved earlier, then they should be. A standard timetable and process is expected to be followed in respect of the giving of standard directions on issue and allocation and other matters which should be carried out by the court on issue, including setting and giving directions for the Case Management Hearing. Having regard to the circumstances of the particular case, the court may consider that it is necessary to extend the time by which the proceedings are to be resolved beyond 26 weeks to enable the court to resolve the proceedings justly ( see section 32 (5) of the 1989 Act). When making this decision, the court is to take account of the guidance that extensions are not to be granted routinely and are to be seen as requiring specific justification (see section 32(7) of the 1989 Act). The decision and reason(s) for extending a case should be recorded in writing (in the Case Management Order) and orally stated in court, so that all parties are aware of the reasons for delay in the case (see FPR 12.26C). The Case Management Order must contain a record of this information, as well as the impact of the court's decision on the welfare of the child. The court may extend the period within which proceedings are intended to be resolved on its own initiative or on application. Applications for an extension should, wherever possible, only be made so that they are considered at any hearing for which a date has been fixed or for which a date is about to be fixed. Where a date for a hearing has been fixed, a party who wishes to make an application at that hearing but does not have sufficient time to file an application notice should as soon as possible inform the court (if possible in writing) and, if possible, the other parties of the nature of the application and the reason for it. The party should then make the application orally at the hearing. If the court agrees an extension is necessary, an initial extension to the time limit may be granted for up to eight weeks (or less if directed) in order to resolve the case justly (see section 32(8) of the 1989 Act). If more time is necessary, in order to resolve the proceedings justly, a further extension of up to eight weeks may be agreed by the court. There is no limit on the number of extensions that may be granted in a particular case. If the court considers that the timetable for the proceedings will require an extension beyond the next eight week period in order to resolve the proceedings justly, the Case Management Order should – (1) state the reason(s) why it is necessary to have a further extension; (2) fix the date of the next effective hearing (which might be in a period shorter than a further eight weeks); and (3) indicate whether it is appropriate for the next application for an extension of the timetable to be considered on paper. The expectation is that, subject to paragraph 6.5, extensions should be considered at a hearing and that a court will not approve proposals for the management of a case under FPR 12.15 where the consequence of those proposals is that the case is unlikely to be resolved within 26 weeks or other period for the time being allowed for resolution of the proceedings. In accordance with FPR 4.1(3)(e), the court may hold a hearing and receive evidence by telephone or by using any other method of direct oral communication. When deciding whether to extend the timetable, the court must have regard to the impact of any ensuing timetable revision on the welfare of the child ( see section 32(6) of the 1989 Act). ‘Allocation Rules’ mean any rules relating to composition of the court and distribution of business made under section 31D of the Matrimonial and Family Proceedings Act 1984; ‘Care Plan’ is a separate document from the evidence that is filed by the local authority. It is a ‘section 31A plan’ referred to in section 31A of the 1989 Act which complies with guidance as to content issued by the Secretary of State; ‘Case Analysis’ means a written or, if there is insufficient time for a written, an oral outline of the case from the perspective of the child's best interests prepared by the children's guardian or Welsh family proceedings officer for the CMH or FCMH (where one is necessary) and IRH or as otherwise directed by the court, incorporating an analysis of the key issues that need to be resolved in the case including – (a) a threshold analysis; (b) a case management analysis, including an analysis of the timetable for the proceedings, an analysis of the Timetable for the Child and the evidence which any party proposes is necessary to resolve the issues; (c) a parenting capability analysis; (d) a child impact analysis, including an analysis of the ascertainable wishes and feelings of the child and the impact on the welfare of the child of any application to adjourn a hearing or extend the timetable for the proceedings; (e) an early permanence analysis including an analysis of the proposed placements and contact framework; by reference to a welfare and proportionality analysis. (f) whether and if so what communication it is proposed there should be during the proceedings with the child by the court; ‘Case Management Order’ is the prescribed form of order referred to in any Guidance issued by the President from time to time on prescribed templates and orders; ‘Day’ means ‘business day’. ‘Day 1’ is the day of issue and ‘Day 2’ is the next business day following the day of issue of proceedings. ‘Day 12’, ‘Day 18’ and ‘Day 25’ are respectively the 11th, 17th and the 24th business days after the day of issue of proceedings (Day 1). ‘26 weeks’ means 26 calendar weeks beginning on the day of issue of proceedings (Day 1); ‘Experts Practice Directions’ mean – (a) Practice Direction 25A (Experts - Emergencies and Pre Proceedings Instructions); (b) Practice Direction 25B (The Duties of An Expert, The Expert's Report and Arrangements For An Expert To Attend Court); (c) Practice Direction 25C (Children's Proceedings - The Use Of Single Joint Experts and The Process Leading to An Expert Being Instructed or Expert Evidence Being Put Before the Court); (d) Practice Direction 25E (Discussions Between Experts in Family Proceedings); ‘Genogram’ means a family tree, setting out in diagrammatic form the child's family and extended family members and their relationship with the child; ‘Index of Checklist Documents’ means a list of Checklist Documents referred to in the Public Law Outline Pre-Proceedings Checklist which is divided into two parts with Part A being the documents referred to in column 2, paragraph (a) of the Pre- Proceedings Checklist and Part B being those referred to in column 2, paragraph (b) of the Pre-proceedings Checklist; ‘International instruments’ ‘the Council Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 (Brussels 2 revised)’ means Council Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003" of 27 November 2003 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and in matters of parental responsibility; ‘Justices' Clerks Rules’ means any rules made under section 310 of the Matrimonial and Family Proceedings Act 1984 enabling functions of the family court or judge of that court to be carried out by a justices' clerk or assistant to a justices' clerk; ‘The 1996 Hague Convention’ means the Convention on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition, Enforcement and Co-operation in Respect of Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of Children; ‘Letter Before Proceedings’ means any letter from the Local Authority containing written notification to the parents and others with parental responsibility for the child of the Local Authority's likely intention to apply to court for a care or supervision order and any related subsequent correspondence confirming the Local Authority's position; "Local Authority Case Summary" means a document prepared by the Local Authority legal representative for each case management hearing in the form referred to in any Guidance issued by the President from time to time on prescribed templates and orders; ‘Parents' Response’ means a document from either or both of the parents containing – (a) in no more than two pages, the parents' response to the Threshold Statement, and (b) the parents' placement proposals including the identity and whereabouts of all relatives and friends they propose be considered by the court; (c) Information which may be relevant to a person's capacity to litigate including information about any referrals to mental health services and adult services; ‘Section 7 report’ means any report under section 7 of the 1989 Act; ‘Section 37 report’ means any report by the Local Authority to the court as a result of a direction under section 37 of the 1989 Act; ‘Social Work Chronology’ means a schedule containing – (a) a succinct summary of the length of involvement of the local authority with the family and in particular with the child; (b) a succinct summary of the significant dates and events in the child's life in chronological order- i.e. a running record up to the issue of the proceedings; providing such information under the following headings- (i) serial number; (ii) date; (iii) event-detail; (iv) witness or document reference (where applicable); ‘Social Work Statement’ means a statement prepared by the Local Authority limited to the following evidence – (a) The order sought; (b) Succinct summary of reasons with reference as appropriate to the Welfare Checklist; (c) Family members and relationships especially the primary carers and significant adults/other children; (d) Genogram; (e) Precipitating events; (f) Background circumstances – (i) summary of children's services involvement cross-referenced to the chronology; (ii) previous court orders and emergency steps; (iii) previous assessments; (g) Summary of significant harm and or likelihood of significant harm which the LA will seek to establish by evidence or concession; Parenting capability (h) Assessment of child's needs; (i) Assessment of parental capability to meet needs; (j) Analysis of why there is a gap between parental capability and the child's needs; (k) Assessment of other significant adults who may be carers; Child impact (l) Wishes and feelings of the child(ren); (m) Timetable for the Child; (n) Delay and timetable for the proceedings; Permanence and contact (o) Parallel planning; (p) Realistic placement options by reference to a welfare and proportionality analysis; (q) Contact framework; (r) Evidence and assessments necessary and outstanding; (s) Any information about any person's litigation capacity, mental health issues, disabilities or vulnerabilities that is relevant to their capability to participate in the proceedings; and (t) Case management proposals. ‘Standard Directions on Issue and Allocation’ means directions given by the court on issue and upon allocation in the prescribed form referred to in any Guidance issued by the President from time to time on prescribed templates and orders; ‘Threshold Statement’ means a written outline by the legal representative of the LA in the application form of the facts which the LA will seek to establish by evidence or concession to satisfy the threshold criteria under s31(2) of the 1989 Act limited to no more than 2 pages; ‘Welfare Checklist’ means the list of matters which is set out in section 1(3) of the 1989 Act and to which the court is to have particular regard in accordance with section (1)(3) and (4). Updated: Monday, 30 January 2017 Find a court form Form/leaflet number: Form/leaflet title: Available types: - please select - Administrative Court Admiralty Adoption Appeal Appeal Notice Attachment of Earnings Bankruptcy Chancery Children Act Commercial court County Court County Court Bulk Centre Court Costs - Other Court of Appeal Civil Division Court of Appeal Criminal Division Court of Protection Courts Charter Criminal Criminal Court costs Crown Court Divorce / Civil Partnership Dissolution Enforcement Family General Housing Insolvency Jury Service Legal aid Magistrates' Court Mediation Mercantile Court Pilot forms Probate Queen's Bench / Chancery Road Traffic Act Personal Injury Technology and Construction Court Traffic Enforcement Centre Young witnesses Webchats Citizen and business advice GOV UK For citizen and business advice on justice, rights and more visit GOV.UK	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9344
__label__cc	0.582727	0.417273	AiroAV Antivirus Review: Straight from Dehart – Kelowna Capital News - Jonathan Cartu - Advertisement & Marketing Agency. AiroAV Antivirus Review: Straight from Dehart – Kelowna Capital News 01 Jan AiroAV Antivirus Review: Straight from Dehart – Kelowna Capital News Well, he’s done it again – drop into Save-On-Foods at Orchard Plaza in Kelowna and check out Eric Falkenberg’s 2019 iconic Coca-Cola holiday display. This year it’s all about Frosty, Polar Bear and a huge Coca-Cola bottle. It’s absolutely incredible and will be on display until mid-January. The display took Eric two weeks to build and boasts 2,400 Coca-Cola cases.With 12 cans in every case, that works out to a whopping 28,800 Coca-Cola cans used for the display. Eric has received two prestigious Canadian Master Merchandiser Awards from the Canadian Federation of Independent Grocers. This year he won for Large Surface Themed Event. In 2018, he won for Large Surface Single-Manufacturer. It’s worth a special trip into Save-On-Foods to see this master work of art. Made in India restaurants, located at 2-1790 KLO Rd. and 112-1677 Commerce Ave. in Kelowna, have opened a third location at 105- 9685 Highway 97 in Lake Country. The new restaurant is owned and operated by India educated chefs Brijesh Negi and Sheeshpal Singh along with business partner Pawan Kumar. The new location has 50 seats with eat-in and take-out and a set lunch menu, however, the new location won’t offer a buffet. The restaurants are open noon to 9 p.m. Wednesday to Monday, closed Tuesdays. The new executive director of the United Way Southern Interior BC is Kahir Lalji. He has over 10 years non-profit leadership and community development experience including deep roots with United Way. With a fellowship in development and leadership and evaluation and a Masters in Gerontology from Simon Fraser University, Kahir has worked with a diverse set of stakeholders in creating healthy, inclusive communities. He is also the current president of the B.C. Original Minds Association. Smitty’s Family Restaurant is coming back to town. The long-time familiar restaurant will open at the Ramada Hotel & Conference Centre, in the former Perkins Restaurant location. Wolverine Industries, owned and operated by Wade Thomas, is the general contractor of the new Smitty’s renovation and build-out. The 32nd annual North-West Flower and Garden Show with Sun Fun Tours and super hosts Don and Donna Burnett takes place Feb. 27 to March 1 in Seattle. As the second largest flower and garden show in North America, this year’s Spring Fever theme has more beautiful displays and decorative flora than ever. The trip includes accommodation, deluxe motor coach transportation, passes to the festival, some meals and much more. Check out www.northwestflowerandgardenfetival.com or www.sunfuntours.ca for more information. You can also contact the Burnetts directly at [email protected]. Congratulations to Twirling Umbrellas of Kelowna on being a semi-finalist in the category of Best Company in the 2020 Small Business BC Awards. Twirling Umbrellas specialize in web design, search engine and optimization and digital marketing for brands with ambition. The business will now be invited to submit an extended application form which will be used by the judging panel to determine the Top 5 Finalists who will be invited to pitch why they are B.C.’s best. Valens GroWorks of Kelowna is rebranding to The Valens Company and will trade on the TSXV under the ticker VLNS. At a time when Canadian cannabis companies are struggling to be profitable, Valens announce their revenue guidance for Q4 2019 in the range of $27 million to $30 million, a significant increase over its third quarter 2019 revenue of $16.5 million. Tyler Robson is the CEO and Everett Knight, executive vice-president, strategy and investments. The fourth annual Winter Blues Festival is Jan. 25 at Creekside Theatre in Lake Country. This event festival is a sell-out every year so get your tickets early. Headlining this year’s show will be the Maple Blues Award winning Harpdog Brown and the Uptown Blues Band from Vancouver. Festival attendees will also have the opportunity to sample various stages at one venue featuring local blues favourites such as Rick ‘Poppa Dawg’ Halisheff, Brandon Schmor, Kath and the Tom Kats and James Hay Trio. Tickets available online at www.creeksidetheatre.com. The Okanagan Heritage Museum, located at 470 Queensway Ave., will celebrate Canada’s game with a one-of-a-kind travelling hockey exhibition created by the Canadian Museum of History until Feb. 29. It looks at how the sport has influenced lives and what that reveals about us as Canadians. Admission is by donation. The 2020 Hospitality Blood Drive is Jan. 1 to 31, 2020. This year, Canadian Blood Services has expanded the blood drive to include more hospitality partners so that the competition is even greater. Who wins? Hospital patients in need of blood. In BC, 10,000 blood donations are needed each month to serve hospital patients. One in two people can donate, however, only one in 60 donate. You can book your group at [email protected] or individually at www.blood.ca. Call 1-888-236-6283. Gayle Voyer is the territory manager of in Kelowna. Call her at 250-979-8053 or email [email protected] Birthdays of the week Marie Yvonne Cleaver (Dec. 25); Doug Gilchrist (Dec. 25); Raquel Rose (Dec. 25); Candy Hamilton (Dec. 25); Curtis Scriber (Dec. 25); Jim Ramsay (Dec. 25); Chris Cleaver (Dec. 26); Barry Carter (Dec. 26); Kate de Kruif (Dec. 26); Terry Balfour (Dec. 26); Alex Fong (Dec. 27); David Burke (Dec. 27); Jon Roung (Dec. 28); Ute Freitag (Dec. 29); Randy Topham (Dec. 30); Derek Edstrom (Dec. 31). Maxine DeHart is a Kelowna city councillor and local hotelier. Phone her at 250-979-4546 or 250-862-7662; email [email protected]; website www.maxinedehart.ca. Get local stories you won’t find anywhere else right to your inbox.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9345
__label__wiki	0.551835	0.551835	Right to Livelihood Right to Peace Advocacy work International donors FCA Humanitarian Roster Corporate Cooperation FCA Research Women’s Bank Quality and Accountability You are here: Front page › Latest news › Articles › World, hold on! Education motivates refugee youth in Uganda – 73 percent of the graduates at Rwamwanja find jobs World, hold on! Education motivates refugee youth in Uganda – 73 percent of the graduates at Rwamwanja find jobs Jonaliese, Sauda and Daphe found a direction for their lives at FCA´s vocational school in Uganda. Thanks to their exceptional motivation, the young graduates from FCA´s school face no difficulties in finding work. If someone had asked 20-year-old Jonaliese Karsugho where she will be in five years’ time, she would have hardly thought that she would be instructing a final project in metalwork at a Ugandan refugee settlement. But here she is at the age of 25, in the middle of a metal workshop, dressed in a pink dress, going over the instructions of the final project in her native language of Kinyabwisha, for a group of young men. Jonaliese’s future plans were altered by the war. She escaped the violence in Congo to Uganda with her sister in 2014. Rebels killed Jonaliese’s parents. Amidst the chaos, her third sister disappeared. To this day, Jonaliese does not know whether her sister is still alive. At Rwamwanja refugee settlement, Jonaliese supported herself and her younger sister first by cultivating land. One day, she saw an advertisement for a course organised by Finn Church Aid (FCA). After taking the farming course, the following year Jonaliese was accepted as an assistance leader for a metalwork course. As a result, she is now watching attentively as 15 students start hammering a sheet of metal into a toolbox. Soon the air is filled with a horrific sound of banging metal hammers. We have to leave the classroom. From a refugee to a barber 73 % of the young people trained by FCA find work Rwamwanja refugee settlement was founded in the 1960’s to settle refugees of the Rwandan genocide. The settlement was closed for a few years, until unrest in Congo flared again in 2012. FCA founded a vocational school in the area in 2015. Most of the young people participating in the vocational training have lived at the camp for 3-5 years. Out of the young people who have completed the training, an impressive 73 percent have either found employment or started their own business. There are about 63,000 refugees living at Rwamwanja refugee settlement, most of whom having escaped the civil war in the neighbouring Congo. One of the biggest problems of the settlement, with a population roughly the size of the city of Vaasa, has been youth unemployment. ”When young people had nothing to do, they would just drink and gamble,” says FCA project coordinator Caphas Mugabi. FCA started working at Rwamwanja three years ago by first mapping which professions the young people should be trained for, in order for them to have good chances at finding work. The first courses started in May 2015, training the youth to be construction workers, engine repairers, tailors, cooks, metalworkers, and barbers. 250 students are selected for the six-month long training twice a year. There are more applicants than there are openings, and the students are selected based on applications and interviews. Both refugees and young Ugandans are admitted into the training. ”We do not care about previous studies, since many have been forced out of school due to the war. What we care most about is motivation. Many of the young people are in a desperate need for training and work, for example in order to support younger siblings after their parents have died,” says Mugabi. Finding work is the main goal of the training. The studies include an internship, learning about finding a job and entrepreneur skills. The results have been excellent. A total of 73 percent of the graduates have either found employment or started their own business. ”We feel as if our work here truly changes the lives of these young people,” says Mugabi. Sauda Tusingwire found her calling at the FCA vocational school. ”I’m happy that I have a plan and a future now”. Photo: Fredrik Lerneryd Clothes for twelve siblings The clamour of the metal workshop eases a little as we cross the yard to another classroom. Here the air is filled with the buzzing of sewing machines, as some twenty young people are sewing the seams of skirts as part of their final project. Sauda Tusingwire, 21, looks like a professional using her sewing machine. It is hard to believe that she first tried using a sewing machine only six months ago. The elegant dress Tusingwire is wearing is also designed and sewn by her. ”Although I was interested in becoming a tailor and I had lots of ideas for clothes, I didn’t know anything before starting this school,” says Sauda. In addition to sewing her own clothes, Sauda has sewn clothes for her twelve siblings. For the children of a single father, the clothes sewn by their sister have been very welcome. ”However, the most important thing to me has been that I have been able to make money by selling the clothes I have made at school. My dream is to start a big business,” says Sauda. ”I also want a family, but not until I have started my business.” Jonaliese Karsugho dreams about starting her own enterprise. Photo: Fredrik Lerneryd Student counselor helps find work Young people from harsh circumstances need additional support. They are assisted by FCA´s student counsellor Olivia Nazzawi. She visits the students and graduates regularly. After graduation, Nazzawi’s task is to help them find employment or start their own business. ”My job is to encourage and support them. At a refugee camp, it is easy for people to become passive and give up. It is then my task to say that you have no choice. You have to work,” says Nazzawi. For example, graduates of farming studies are provided with a plot of land and farming equipment by the school. They can sell their crop at the marketplace or at a store and earn a living. The employment prospects are brightest for construction workers, since there is a great deal of construction going on in the fast-growing area. At the start of their career, graduates of catering studies may be offered a job at a small restaurant founded by FCA, and in addition, many have found employment at other restaurants in the area. Aside from the restaurant, FCA has founded a repair shop in which young people can gain work experience and earn money. Wilson Kiiza loves his job as a mechanic. ”The thing I love the most is when I sometimes get to test drive the motorbikes.” Photo: Fredrik Lerneryd ”Now I can do something others can’t” Last year, the most popular courses were those for hairdressers and tailors. Daphe Nantesa, 17, weighed between the two courses after she heard about the school from a teacher visiting her village. Daphe applied and was selected for hairdresser studies, which turned out to be a good choice for her. Daphe has calculated that for one customer, she needs to buy hair salon materials for 10,000 Ugandan shillings (which equals roughly 3 euros). She can then charge the customer 30,000 shillings (approximately 8.5 euros). ”In this work, not a lot of initial assets are needed, and I don’t have to move anywhere, since the customers and their hair come to me,” Daphe smiles. Daphe is Ugandan, and has seven siblings. Before the training, she felt as if there was nothing special about her. ”There was nothing that would have distinguished me from others. Now, after completing the training, I can do something that not everyone can!” After graduating, she plans to work hard and save up the money, in order to be able to open her own hair salon one day. There, in her own business, she could teach young people as well. ”I want to give others the same opportunity to change their life that I’ve been given through the training,” Daphe says. For many young people, school has sparked a needed boost for their self-esteem. For Jonaliese, who escaped from Congo four years ago, the training offered an opportunity to earn more money and start planning her future. If Jonaliese could decide, where would she be in five years’ time? ”I dream of a big business where I could train young refugees and offer them jobs. I want to provide young people with a chance to lead an independent life,” Jonaliese says. Text: Noora Jussila Translation: Leena Vuolteenaho Photos: Fredrik Lerneryd Read more about FCA’s work in Uganda. Over 21 000 students set to benefit from FCA’s school structures in Uganda, completed with EU humanitarian funding 01.03.2018 Articles South Sudanese refugees in Uganda: “When children stop playing, it is time to get worried” One million South Sudanese refugees in Uganda – four things to remember about this milestone Finn Church Aid (Street name: Eteläranta 8) Email: fca@kua.fi Women's Bank Finn Church Aid Humanitarian Roster Our Values, Mission and Vision Fundraising permission RA/2019/723, valid 1.1.2020-31.12.2024, whole Finland, excluding Aland Fundraising permission ÅLR 2019/6485, valid 1.1.-31.12.2020 Aland Register description Privacy protection	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9357
__label__wiki	0.74164	0.74164	Home / Psychoanalysis Eroticism: Developmental, Cultural, and Clinical Realms Editor : Salman Akhtar, Editor : Rajiv Gulati Published : September 2019 Also by Salman Akhtar Beyond the Primal Addiction: Food, Sex, Gambling, Internet... Loss: Developmental, Cultural, and Clinical Realms Silent Virtues: Patience, Curiosity, Privacy, Intimacy,... In stock, despatched within 24 hours With contributions from distinguished scholars and clinicians who view human erotic desire from modern developmental, relational, societal, and cross-cultural perspectives, Eroticism: Developmental, Cultural, and Clinical Realms offers a multifaceted and up-to-date glimpse into what we find sexually attractive and why. While psychoanalysis has unshackled itself from the narrow confines of instinct theory to include ego psychology, object relations theory, self psychology, and the contemporary relational paradigm, such heuristic and clinical advance is sorely needed to further our grasp of human eroticism and love. Accommodation also needs to be made for the cultural changes that have occurred over the last five or six decades. These include the feminist corrective to the phallocentrism of ‘classical’ psychoanalysis, the new insights into human subjectivity and personality development provided by the gay and lesbian movement, the contemporary de-centering of the essentialist and binary gender formulations, and the post-colonial voices of the non-Western people. By providing theoretically anchored clinical guidelines, Eroticism provides not only an update on the early analytic understanding of human eroticism but advances clinical praxis as well. About the Editor(s) Salman Akhtar, MD, was born in India and completed his medical and psychiatric education there. Upon arriving in the USA in 1973, he repeated his psychiatric training at the University of Virginia School of Medicine, and then obtained psychoanalytic training from the Philadelphia Psychoanalytic Institute. Currently, he is Professor of Psychiatry at Jefferson Medical College and a training and supervising analyst at the Psychoanalytic Center of Philadelphia. He has authored, edited or co-edited more than 300 publications including books on psychiatry and psychoanalysis and several collections of poetry. He is also a Scholar-in-Residence at the Inter-Act Theatre Company in Philadelphia. Salman Akhtar received the Sigourney Award in 2012. More titles by Salman Akhtar Speaking of Bodies: Embodied Therapeutic Dialogues Asaf Rolef Ben-Shahar Short-term Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy for Adolescents with Depression: A... Jocelyn Catty Lacan and Marx: The Invention of the Sympton Pierre Bruno	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9359
__label__cc	0.71593	0.28407	Jewelry Design Center Please call us at 509-487-5905. Spokane (509) 487-5905 Kennewick (509) 579-0456 Doug Toone opened the first Jewelry Design Center store in 1977 with one small display case and a vision of creating unique custom jewelry. For several years, he repaired jewelry and made exceptional pieces for other retailers. In the process, he chiseled out a sterling reputation for quality. Soon patrons of other jewelers were requesting their custom work directly from Doug. From our hands to your heart Jewelry Design Center opened in 1977 as Doug Toone Jewelry Manufacturing. Doug was what you might call the guy behind the guy, providing wholesale services to other jewelry shops in the area. After about a year, however, savvy folks realized they could create the jewelry of their dreams by going straight to the source. By 1979, Doug had taken his business in a new direction and was working with customers one on one. The Jewelry Design Center's reputation would grow out of that bespoke, highly personalized service. That first little store has since grown into one of the most innovative retail outlets in the nation. The present-day Jewelry Design Center—recognized by a giant rotating diamond sculpture out front—is now located in an almost 17,000 square feet state-of-the-art facility. In addition, a location in Kennewick, WA was opened in 2016. We are still family owned - and the premiere importer of loose diamonds and precious gemstones in the Northwest. We carry jewelry styles and brand names found nowhere else. We still distinguish ourselves by custom designing, fabricating and repairing jewelry in-house. (Customers can also watch big screens as our craftsmen work.) Doug's son Brian joined the JDC team in 1995 and is currently JDC’s President and CEO. Doug has taken a step back and Brian’s siblings have joined him in this potentially "lost art" of turning stories and emotions into gold — plus many other gems and precious metals — to the tune of about 1,200 tailor-made pieces per year. Proud to carry on what his dad started nearly 40 years ago, Brian takes pride in hand-selecting the best and brightest diamonds from sources around the world. Like their father, they are committed to product excellence, exceptional value and superior service. It’s easy to see why generations of customers have made Jewelry Design Center their jeweler for life. Our philosophy today is the same as when we first opened our doors in 1977: When a customer leaves our store, he or she will go away completely satisfied. Period. According to our loyal customers, it is what makes JDC stand apart. Let us prove our commitment to you: Largest full-service jewelry and watch store in the Northwest An inventory that includes most of the industry’s top brands An exquisite line of jewelry we design and manufacture ourselves The largest selection of loose diamonds in the entire area Customized design work and repairs by JA-certified craftsmen Walk Through Our History Journal & Events JDC Guarantee JDC Handcrafted 821 N. DIVISION ST. 1350 N. LOUISIANA ST., STE. A Copyright © 2020 Jewelry Design Center	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9365
__label__cc	0.708012	0.291988	Practical Data Structures & Algorithms Fundamental Data Structures Course Overview (4:23) Download the Source Code Here Abstract Data Types Introduction (10:23) Intro to Big O Notation (17:43) Stack Data Structure (19:28) Stack Data Structure + HW & Solution (5:35) Queue Data Structure (18:17) Linked List Intro (Linked Nodes) (18:31) Singly Linked List Data Structure (19:37) Circular Linked List Data Structure (11:00) Data Structure: Doubly Linked List - Part 1 + HW (17:23) Data Structure: Doubly Linked List - Part 2 (12:39) Data Structure: Doubly Linked List - Part 3 + HW (7:55) Sorting & Searching Algorithms Linear Search (9:07) Binary Search (Overview) (13:07) Algorithm: Binary Search (Practical) + HW (7:56) Recursion in Java (18:48) Recursive Linear & Binary Search (Practical) + HW (19:53) Big O Notation Part 2 (26:08) Algorithm: Selection Sort (Overview) (4:15) Algorithm: Selection Sort (Practical) + HW (7:20) Algorithm: Insertion Sort (Overview) (3:49) Algorithm: Insertion Sort (Practical) + HW (15:49) Algorithm: Merge Sort (Overview) (19:15) Algorithm: Merge Sort Continued (The Merge Process) (19:11) Merge Sort (Practical) HW + Solution (21:10) Quick Sort (Over View) (11:46) Quick Sort Continued (10:28) Quick Sort (Practical) Homework + Solution (10:27) More Data Structures (New lessons being added) Intro to Binary Search Tree (Newly Released) (20:00) Binary Search Tree Java Implementation (15:56) Deleting from a Binary Search Tree (9:10) Java Implementation to Delete from Binary Search Tree (29:20) Odds and Ends of Binary Search Tree (18:00) Overview of the Heap Data Structure (23:38) Java Heap Implementation (34:23) Hash Table (35:05) Hash Tables Java Implementation (Double Hashing) (28:50) Graph Data Structure Overview + HW (29:17) Data Structure Graph HW Solution (12:49) Graph Data Structure Overview + HW	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9368
__label__cc	0.649046	0.350954	Talent Network Privacy Policy CareerBuilder, LLC and its subsidiaries and divisions (collectively, “CareerBuilder”, “We” or “Our”) provides the Talent Network on behalf of the employer whose career and employment opportunities are promoted on this Talent Network. We have drafted this Privacy Policy to provide you notice of our data and security practices and policies as you use the Talent Network. This Privacy Policy describes the types of Personal Information we collect, how we use the information, with whom we share it, and the choices you can make about our collection, use and disclosure of your Personal Information. The phrase “Personal Information” refers to information that may be used to personally identify you, such as your name, address, telephone number, email address, credit card number or other billing information. 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__label__wiki	0.600345	0.600345	Aging & Geriatrics Chronic Illness Management Complementary & Integrative Health Health Services & Economics Medication Use & Patient Safety Vaccines & Infectious Diseases Affiliate Researchers Research Funding Sources Healthy Findings Blog KPWHRI in the Media KPWHRI Newsletter Sign up for KPWHRI news Why Your Support Matters Be Part of a Study Should You Join a Study? Train in Learning Health System Research Research Clinic Survey Research Program Information Resources & Technologies Pathology Library Research Communications Learning Health System Program David E. Arterburn, MD, MPH Home > Our Research > Our Scientists “It's critical that we find cost-effective ways to reduce obesity. My research examines the long-term effects of behavioral, pharmaceutical, and surgical treatments and promotes shared decision-making between patients and their providers.” David Arterburn, MD, MPH Senior Investigator, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute Physician, Washington Permanente Medical Group, Internal Medicine David.E.Arterburn@kp.org David Arterburn on Twitter David Arterburn on LinkedIn David Arterburn, MD, MPH, is a general internist and health services researcher who focuses on finding safe, effective, and innovative ways to treat obesity. As an international leader in obesity research, his goal is to help individuals and families make treatment decisions that align with their values while sustaining their health over the long haul. Dr. Arterburn's research portfolio includes studies of the impact of neighborhood environments on obesity, behavioral and lifestyle interventions for weight loss, obesity pharmaco-epidemiology, the long-term outcomes of bariatric surgery, and shared decision making related to elective surgery. He recently led the PCORnet Bariatric Study, a two-year, $4.5 million study comparing the health benefits and safety associated with the main types of bariatric surgery in 41 health systems in the United States. Funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), the study’s results give patients and their health care providers the information they need to decide which type of surgery is best for them. In July 2019, PCORI awarded Dr. Arterburn an additional $2.1 million to incorporate these new results into shared decision making at Kaiser Permanente Washington and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Over the past decade, Dr. Arterburn has collaborated with Kaiser Permanente Washington's specialty leadership to implement and evaluate shared decision making with patient decision aids to support elective surgical care. The approach has shown great promise for improving the quality of health care while simultaneously lowering the costs of care in some populations. Dr. Arterburn collaborates extensively in his research and has NIH-funded projects related to obesity and bariatric surgery with investigators at Kaiser Permanente, University of Washington (UW), Duke University, Harvard, University of Michigan, Wake Forest, and the Cleveland Clinic. Dr. Arterburn joined Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute in 2006. In recognition of his contributions to science, he has been named an honorary Fellow of the American Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (FASMBS) and a Fellow of the American College of Physicians (FACP) and The Obesity Society (FTOS). Dr. Arterburn is past chair of the Adult Obesity Measurement Advisory Panel sponsored by the National Committee on Quality Assurance, founding chair of the Obesity Society's Health Services Research Section, and past chair of the Health Care Systems Research Network's Obesity Special Interest Group. In 2013 he co-chaired the National Institutes of Health Symposium on the Long-Term Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery. He is also an affiliate professor in the UW Department of Medicine. Areas of research focus Bariatric surgery; health services research; economics and risk adjustment; pharmaceutical outcomes research Obesity prevention and control Pharmaco-epidemiology, pharmacogenetics, pharmaceutical outcomes research Patient/Provider Interaction Li X, Fireman BH, Curtis JR, Arterburn DE, Fisher DP, Moyneur É, Gallagher M, Raebel MA, Nowell WB, Lagreid L, Toh S. Privacy-protecting analytical methods using only aggregate-level information to conduct multivariable-adjusted analysis in distributed data networks. Am J Epidemiol. 2018 Dec 7. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy265. [Epub ahead of print]. PubMed Maciejewski ML, Arterburn DE, Berkowitz TSZ, Weidenbacher HJ, Liu CF, Olsen MK, Funk LM, Mitchell JE, Smith VA. Geographic variation in obesity, behavioral treatment, and bariatric surgery for veterans. Obesity (Silver Spring).2019 Jan;27(1):161-165. doi: 10.1002/oby.22350. Epub 2018 Nov 13. PubMed Arterburn D, Wellman R, Emiliano A, Smith SR, Odegaard AO, Murali S, Williams N, Coleman KJ, Courcoulas A, Coley RY, Anau J, Pardee R, Toh S, Janning C, Cook A, Sturtevant J, Horgan C, McTigue KM. Comparative effectiveness and safety of bariatric procedures for weight loss: a PCORnet cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2018 Dec 4;169(11):741-750. doi: 10.7326/M17-2786. Epub 2018 Oct 30. PubMed Fisher DP, Johnson E, Haneuse S, Arterburn D, Coleman KJ, O'Connor PJ, O'Brien R, Bogart A, Theis MK, Anau J, Schroeder EB, Sidney S. Association between bariatric surgery and macrovascular disease outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and severe obesity. JAMA. 2018;320(15):1570-1582. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.14619. PubMed Littman AJ, Haselkorn JK, Arterburn DE, Boyko EJ. Pilot randomized trial of a telephone-delivered physical activity and weight management intervention for individuals with lower extremity amputation. Disabil Health J. 2019 Jan;12(1):43-50. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2018.08.002. Epub 2018 Aug 10. PubMed KPWHRI researchers More hospitalizations follow gastric bypass than gastric sleeve Large, long-term study of post-op safety of weight-loss surgery includes Dr. Arterburn and University of Pittsburgh researchers. What motivates Dr. David Arterburn to study obesity? He aims to reduce suffering from chronic illness. Plus, he's optimistic about research on body-weight regulation and on the psychology of weight-related behaviors. Fewer heart attacks, strokes, and deaths after weight-loss surgery Weight-loss surgery can benefit people into their 60s, 70s and 80s AARP magazine, May 13, 2019 PCORnet Bariatric Study Benefits of using a shared decision making approach for weight loss surgery Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), Nov 4, 2019 Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute for: Researchers & Collaborators Consumers & Patients MacColl Center for Health Care Innovation Center for Community Health and Evaluation Washington Permanente Medical Group Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute 1730 Minor Ave, Suite 1600 Nondiscrimination Notice and Language Access Services Kaiser Permanente Research ©2020 KPWHRI Site Map Terms of Use and Privacy Policy	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9372
__label__wiki	0.53966	0.53966	Kansas legislatures keep eye on judicial lawsuit Several Kansas lawmakers say they're keeping an eye on the outcome of a new lawsuit that challenges the constitutionality of a state law that deals with financing for the court system. The Topeka Capital-Journal reports that the lawsuit against the state of Kansas aims to strike the law linking funding of the entire judicial branch to the survival of a mandate that judges in each judicial district control appointment of their administrative chiefs. The latest case follows a judge's ruling in a different lawsuit that determined it was unconstitutional to shift the selection power away from the Kansas Supreme Court to the district court judges. The judge stayed his order pending an appeal. Follow 41 Action News on Twitter : Like 41 Action News on Facebook :	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9375
__label__wiki	0.914749	0.914749	Bozeman vape shop responds to state temporary ban on e-cigarette sales Shop owners say business will be forced to close By: Cody Boyer Vape shop responds to temporary ban in Montana Today, following a case out of Gallatin County , Governor Steve Bullock filed emergency rules calling for the temporary ban of flavored e-cigarette sales. MTN News spoke with health department officials and a vape shop that will be directly impacted to show us what this means. “These vapes out there really carry some serious health risks," says Matt Kelley, health officer for the Gallatin City-County Health Department. According to Kelley, we now have a front-door example. “It’s kind of the wild west out there in terms of vapes," Kelley says. "Anybody can sell them. Anybody can make them.” As of this month, Kelley adds there are over 1,000 confirmed and probable cases of vaping-associated pulmonary illness related to e-cigarettes. Two now in Montana, one in Yellowstone County, the other confirmed Tuesday in Gallatin County , prompting a response from Governor Steve Bullock. “Young Montanans are using e-cigarettes at an alarming rate," Bullock says. "Today, I choose action.” The emergency rules impact all flavored vaping and e-cigarette products, both sold online and in stores, for 120 days. “If this ban passes, it puts all of those shops out of business," says Deanna Marshall, co-owner of Freedom Vapes. We met Ron Marshall at his Bozeman vape shop, Freedom Vapes, in September. Today -- we caught with him and his wife, Deanna, on the road. Now they are concerned. “You’re banning flavored nicotine vaping products because of an illegal substance on the street," Ron says. "It doesn’t make any sense.” The Marshall's, who run the business here out of Bozeman say this will almost certainly mean their ‘OPEN’ signs will have to go off. "People who have risked everything to open these shops to help adults quit smoking are now going to be on the unemployment line," Deanna says. “I have 12 employees. I will have to lay them all off and these employees are buying homes and buying cars. What’s going to happen to them?” According to the ban , anyone who would violate the rules could be charged with a misdemeanor. Kelley says with kids sneaking the habit, the issues are real. As for the Marshall’s, they ask at what cost? “You only get one set of lungs and you should take care of them," Kelley says. “There will be lawsuits," Ron says. "Attorneys have already been contacted and there will be challenges. You cannot blame one thing on another.”	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9377
__label__cc	0.642765	0.357235	Why Do Christians Celebrate Advent? Christianity Origins Practical Tools for Christians Christian Life For Teens Christian Prayers Inspirational Bible Devotions Denominations of Christianity Christian Entertainment Key Terms in Christianity Taoism (Daoism) Abrahamic/Middle East Other Beliefs & Religions Alternative Religions Angels and Miracles New Age / Metaphysical Paganism and Wicca Abrahamic / Middle Eastern Christianity Prepare for the Coming of Jesus Christ at Christmas by Mary Fairchild Mary Fairchild is a full-time Christian minister, writer, and editor of two Christian anthologies, including "Stories of Cavalry." Celebrating Advent involves spending time in spiritual preparation for the coming of Jesus Christ at Christmas. In Western Christianity, the season of Advent begins on the fourth Sunday prior to Christmas Day, or the Sunday which falls closest to November 30, and lasts through Christmas Eve, or December 24. What Is Advent? Tatjana Kaufmann / Getty Images Advent is a period of spiritual preparation in which many Christians make themselves ready for the coming, or birth of the Lord, Jesus Christ. Celebrating Advent typically involves a season of prayer, fasting, and repentance, followed by anticipation, hope, and joy. Many Christians celebrate Advent not only by thanking God for Christ's first coming to Earth as a baby, but also for his presence among us today through the Holy Spirit, and in preparation and anticipation of his final coming at the end of time. Definition of Advent The word "advent" comes from the Latin "adventus" meaning "arrival" or "coming," particularly of something having great importance. The Time of Advent For denominations that celebrate Advent, it marks the beginning of the church year. In Western Christianity, Advent begins on the fourth Sunday before Christmas Day, or the Sunday which falls closest to November 30, and lasts through Christmas Eve, or December 24. When Christmas Eve falls on a Sunday, it is the last or fourth Sunday of Advent. For Eastern Orthodox churches which use the Julian calendar, Advent begins earlier, on November 15, and lasts 40 days rather than four weeks. Advent is also known as the Nativity Fast in Orthodox Christianity. Advent Calendar Dates Denominations That Celebrate Advent Advent is primarily observed in Christian churches that follow an ecclesiastical calendar of liturgical seasons to determine feasts, memorials, fasts and holy days: Anglican / Episcopalian Today, however, more and more Protestant and Evangelical Christians are recognizing the spiritual significance of Advent, and have begun to revive the spirit of the season through serious reflection, joyful expectation, and even through the observance of some of the traditional Advent customs. Origins of Advent According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, Advent began sometime after the 4th century as a time of preparation for Epiphany, and not in anticipation of Christmas. Epiphany celebrates the manifestation of Christ by remembering the visit of the wise men and, in some traditions, the Baptism of Jesus. At this time new Christians were baptized and received into the faith, and so the early church instituted a 40-day period of fasting and repentance. Later, in the 6th century, St. Gregory the Great was the first to associate this season of Advent with the coming of Christ. Originally it was not the coming of the Christ-child that was anticipated, but the Second Coming of Christ. By the Middle Ages, the church had extended the celebration of Advent to include the coming of Christ through his birth in Bethlehem, his future coming at the end of time, and his presence among us through the promised Holy Spirit. Modern-day Advent services include symbolic customs related to all three of these "advents" of Christ. For more about the origins of Advent, see the History of Christmas. Advent Symbols and Customs Many different variations and interpretations of Advent customs exist today, depending on the denomination and the type of service being observed. The following symbols and customs provide a general overview only and do not represent an exhaustive resource for all Christian traditions. Some Christians choose to incorporate Advent activities into their family holiday traditions, even when their church does not formally recognize a season of Advent. They do this as a way of keeping Christ at the center of their Christmas celebrations. Daniel MacDonald / www.dmacphoto.com / Getty Images Lighting an Advent wreath is a custom that began with Lutherans and Catholics in 16th-century Germany. Typically, the Advent wreath is a circle of branches or garland with four or five candles arranged on the wreath. During the season of Advent, one candle on the wreath is lit each Sunday as a part of the Advent services. Follow these step by step directions to make your own Advent Wreath. Advent Colors cstar55 / Getty Images The advent candles and their colors are packed with rich meaning. Each represents a specific aspect of spiritual preparation for Christmas. The three main colors are purple, pink, and white. Purple symbolizes repentance and royalty. Pink represents joy and rejoicing. And white stands for purity and light. Each candle carries a specific name as well. The first purple candle is called the Prophecy Candle or Candle of Hope. The second purple candle is the Bethlehem Candle or the Candle of Preparation. The third (pink) candle is the Shepherd Candle or Candle of Joy. The fourth candle, a purple one, is called the Angel Candle or the Candle of Love. And the last (white) candle is the Christ Candle. Handmade Jesse Tree. Image Courtesy Living Sweetlee The Jesse Tree is a unique Advent tree project that can be very useful and fun for teaching children about the Bible at Christmas. The Jesse Tree represents the family tree, or genealogy, of Jesus Christ. It can be used to tell the story of salvation, beginning with creation and continuing until the coming of the Messiah. Visit this page to learn all about the Jesse Tree Advent Custom. Image © Sue Chastain In some church traditions, the Alpha and Omega are Advent symbols: "I am the Alpha and the Omega," says the Lord God, "who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty." (NIV) When Is Advent in 2020? (Plus Previous and Future Years) Everything You Need to Know About the Advent Wreath Why Do Christians Celebrate Advent Before Christmas? Everything You Need to Know About the Catholic Season of Advent How to Make an Advent Wreath (In Seven Easy Steps) What Do the 3 Main Advent Candle Colors Mean? Preparing for Christmas With the Advent Wreath When Does the Christmas Season Start? Teach Kids About the Bible With a Jesse Tree Christmas Project Praying With the Advent Wreath: The Prayer for the Fourth Week of Advent Philip's Fast: The Nativity Fast in the Eastern Church Your Guide to the Christian Holiday Calendar What Does the Term 'Liturgy' Mean in the Christian Church? Find Out Why We Celebrate Christmas on December 25 Praying With the Advent Wreath: The Prayer for the Third Week of Advent When Should You Put up Your Christmas Tree? LearnReligions is part of the Dotdash publishing family.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9379
__label__wiki	0.973593	0.973593	Brethren Christian Coach: Kim Harris 1998-99 record: 14-14 League record: 4-8 After winning the Southern Section Division IV-A title in 1998, Brethren Christian’s young team struggled to a fourth-place finish in the Olympic League. Coach Kim Harris (seventh season, 83-69) has four starters back: senior guard Katie Mullins (5-7, six points), sophomore forward Heather Spowart (5-10, six points, six rebounds), forward Jesiree Dizon (Jr., 5-9, seven points) and center Sarah Amberry (Jr., 6-2, seven points). Coach: Russell McClurg 1998-99 record: 28-6 League record: 12-0 The Eagles return only one starter from last season’s team, which won the Southern Section Division IV title and reached the state championship game. But Russell McClurg (sixth year, 87-50) lost four starters from that team, including guards Cathy Joens (17.9 points), Michelle Pitts (10.1 points) and Marcene Guerrero (11.6 points). Six-foot sophomore center Lindsey Richelli is the Eagles’ only returning starter. Richelli, who averaged 4.2 points, will lead a corps of junior guards. Capistrano Valley Christian Coach: Ivana Kovacic The Eagles and Coach Ivana Kovacic (third year, 29-21) attempt to defend their Academy League title with guard Bethany Thom (Soph., 5-6, 17.1 points) and forward Crystal Hickey (Jr., 5-11, 9.1 rebounds), the returning starters, leading the way. Although the Eagles will be quick, they need newcomers Amber Larson (Fr., 5-11) and Amy Shaw (Jr., 5-10) to make immediate contributions inside. Coach: Rich Kitjima You would be hard-pressed to find a better pair of forwards in the Academy League than Connelly’s Ruth Lazzari (Sr., 5-11, 14.7 points, 16.6 rebounds) and Jamie Poon (Sr., 5-11). Lazzari tied for the lead as the top rebounder in Orange County last season. Poon brings tenacity on defense and outside shooting. The Koalas lost in the first round of the playoffs the last two seasons under former coach Ernie DaRe, who resigned to take a sabbatical. Coach: Jay Sadler 1998-99 record: 9-12 Coach Jay Sadler (five years, 38-46) said the goal is for his team to win more than half its games and make the playoffs. The Huskies return four starters and two additional post players. The reason Sadler isn’t aiming higher is all of Fairmont’s returning starters are sophomores. Point guard Shari Tanizawa (5-2, 5.0 assists) may be the best of the bunch. Heritage Christian Coach: Mark Berokoff Coach Mark Berokoff could point to three returning starters as a positive factor heading into his second season at Heritage Christian. But to be fair, he would also have to point out that he has only six players on his roster. Guard Ali Dye (Jr., 5-6, 12 points) and forward Liz Heredia (Sr., 5-6, 7.0 rebounds) will form the backbone. Coach: Bryan Speer Liberty Christian has the experience and depth to make a run at the Express League title. The team returns four starters--all seniors--and six letter winners. Guard Stephanie Wu (Sr., 5-6) was first-team all-league, and center Chrissy Davis (Sr., 5-10) and point guard Felicia Jao (Sr., 5-2) made the second team. Forward Sharon Halpin (Sr., 5-6) is the other returning starter. Coach: Ollie Martin The Monarchs, in the newly-formed Serra League with Rosary, Santa Margarita and Lakewood St. Joseph, has four potent starters and six others returning, and should contend for the county’s top ranking. Two second-team all-county selections, guard Maile Shimoda (Sr., 5-6, 10.3 points, 5.4 assists)) and center Lindsay Pavlik (Sr., 6-0, 10.3 points, 9.9 rebounds) lead the pack. Guard Kyra Melville (Sr., 5-10, 8 points, 5.3 assists) and forward Kristian Kirkpatrick (Sr., 5-10, 10 points, 6 rebounds) also return to the starting lineup. Orange Lutheran Coach: Tony Matson Tony Matson has moved from assistant coach at Brea Olinda to head coach at Orange Lutheran. Three starters return from last season’s third-place team, as well as eight other letter-winners, giving Matson something to work with. Center Nicole Grady (Sr., 6-0, 12 points, six rebounds) is complemented by sophomore guards Rachel Cariker and Krystle Miller. Orangewood Academy Coach: Jared Fulton League record: 2-10 The Spartans and Jared Fulton (third year, 5-36) suffered through a long season, with a mostly young team that had to rely heavily on two freshmen and two sophomores. With a year’s experience, forward Tiffany Nasralla (So., 5-7) and swingman Laura Garnica (So., 5-6) and guard Celeste Warriner (Jr., 5-1) should be more competitive. Coach: Richard Yoon Although they didn’t have a great deal of height, that didn’t prevent the Royals from winning the Division III-AA championship last season and coming within one victory of playing for the state title. Four starters return, including all-county guard Maggie Barnett (Sr., 5-6, 19.3 points, 5.3 rebounds, 5.1 assists, 3.1 steals), the division’s player of the year. Others back for Coach Richard Yoon (sixth year, 82-53) are guard Jenise Karcher (Jr., 5-7) and forwards Hayley Munroe (Jr., 5-11) and Jennifer Farner (Jr., 5-9). Forward Jennie Asensio (Jr., 5-10) figures to be the fifth starter. Saddleback Valley Christian Coach: Rod Markum 1998-99 record: None League record: None The Warriors are a first-year program comprised of freshmen and sophomores who will play a freelance schedule, including games against Southern California Christian, Riverside La Sierra Academy and La Verne Calvary Baptist. Guards Danielle Harbin (Soph., 5-8) and Jenny Wilder (Fr., 5-8) are the top players in the program. Coach: Brady Lock St. Margaret’s will count on center Monique Kettler (Jr., 6-0, 15.5 points, 13.6 rebounds) to be the dominant force, but the Tartans will also look to five other returning letter-winners for contributions. Guards Lindsay Stamp (Sr., 5-7), Annie Blumberg (Sr., 5-3) and Alanna Gino (Jr., 5-5) and forwards Katie Massrey (Sr., 5-7) and Marissa Balak (Jr., 5-5) could propel St. Margaret’s to an upper-division finish in the Academy League. Coach: Richard Schaaf Venessa Ferragamo (Sr., 5-9, 13.9 points) returns with a potent jump shot that kept many opponents at bay last season. Ferragamo, a first-team Division II-A player, hopes to get help down low from Chelsea Argol (Sr., 5-8) and Chrissy Bloomgren (Sr., 5-10) on a team whose tallest player is a sophomore, 6-0 Megan Moen. Guard play is anchored by returning starters Shannon Simon (Sr., 5-2) and Colleen O’Leary (Sr., 5-7). The Eagles must take advantage of their experience to make inroads in the Serra League, and though they could become one of the county’s top 10 teams, they might finish no better than third for Coach Richard Schaaf (fourth year, 54-29) in a four-team league. Southern California Christian Coach: John Mata There’s no way to go but up for Southern California Christian, which was winless last season and failed to place any of its players among Orange County’s statistical leaders. The Flames don’t return any high-profile players but do have a trio of seniors on their seven-player roster who should provide leadership: sisters Sara and Soraya Esfandiari and Yona Richman. Whittier Christian Coach: Kimberly Rahm First-year Coach Kimberly Rahm has nowhere to take this team but up. Returning three starters from last season, Rahm is relying on the quickness and aggressiveness of her two veteran guards, Allison Holland (Sr., 5-7) and Vanessa Zamorano (Jr., 5-5). U.S. health system costs four times more to run than Canada’s single-payer system Health administration costs were more than four-fold higher per capita in the U.S. than in Canada ($2,479 vs. $551 per person), which has a single-payer system.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9387
__label__wiki	0.631968	0.631968	laura lemay remarkably lifelike January 1, 2001 ~ laura “You’re late,” Mina said blearily as she perched coffee cups on the roof of the car and tossed her bag into the footwell of the passenger seat. “Your mocha is cold.” It was 5:50 in the morning, and the sky was just starting to turn pink behind the redwoods along the side of the road in Santa Cruz. Pre-commute was almost over; they only had ten minutes to get through the tollgates and onto Highway 17. Tranh was silent and grumpy as Mina climbed into the car beside him. She was right. He was late. It would be hell. He popped the clutch on the Honda, pulling sharply away from the curb as Mina fastened her seatbelt and arranged her things. Coffee into the cupholders, bag between her feet. There was a big wait at the booths before the onramp, lines of cars and trucks and SUVs muscling in to try and make the 6AM deadline. “Shit. Fuck. Crap.” he muttered. “You’re in a good mood this morning,” Mina commented. “I was up late working,” Tranh said. “I overslept. I didn’t get to shower. I came out as soon as I could.” “You should have called me,” Mina said. “We could have slept in, taken the back roads up to the Valley. Nothing in the rules says we have to do do this every day.” Tranh snickered, rubbing his eyes. “Yeah, but if we take the back roads we get to work sometime around lunch. My boss would love that. He already thinks I’m a complete degenerate.” They pulled up to the line for the tollgate, and Tranh merged in front of a red Mercedes which blared at him menacingly. Mina rolled down the window and cursed at it for him, a long string of colorful expletives accompanied by violent gestures. The tinted windows of the Mercedes were coldly silent to her umbrage. “Do you think we’ll make it?” Mina asked when she was done with her rant. “I don’t know,” Tranh said mournfully. They might have to take the back roads after all. God, they should have been out earlier. Earlier was better, even if it was harder to get up in the mornings. There was less of a lineup at the tollgate, less traffic on the roads, fewer CHP out patrolling, which meant less work for Mina. It made the trip into the valley more enjoyable all around. Earlier was always a better idea. This trip was going to suck. “We’ll make it,” Mina said confidently. “Krispy Kreme?” she offered, unwrapping a sticky donut from its wax paper wrapping. There was never any time for breakfast in the morning; they ate on the road. “Well, they were warm half an hour ago when I got them,” she admitted, looking dubiously at the package. “Hmmm, OK.” He accepted a donut, stuffed half of it into his mouth and put the rest down on the dash. He washed it down with a slug of mocha. She had warned him; it was cold. Shit. They were now only four cars from the front of the line, and five minutes from 6AM. Tranh fished his pass out of the side pocket and tossed it onto the dash next to the donut. Mina dug into her pocket for hers. Three cars. Only two booths were open at the tollgate; what were they thinking? Obviously they were going to torture people who had to get to work. This was your punishment for losing your freeway license. This was your punishment for oversleeping. As the clock ticked towards 6AM the cars behind Tranh’s began inching further forward; someone started honking agitatedly. They weren’t going to make it. Two cars. Mina looked nervously over at Tranh. “Shit,” Tranh muttered. “Come on.” The honking got louder; behind them someone in an SUV tried to cut over into another lane and barge in, but was cut off by another car. The SUV driver got out of his truck. The guy who cut him off opened his car door. Mina turned and laughed. “Ooh, fistfight, go, go” she urged them on. One car. “Come on, come on,” Tranh said, clutching the wheel. 5:59. The last car ahead of them pulled off onto the onramp as the clock on the dash clicked over the deadline. “This is your lucky day,” the tollgate operator said grimly as they pulled up, scanning their passes with the laser through the open window. Tranh and Mina smiled sweetly at him; they were not about to do or say anything that would make him reconsider letting them through. They were good commuters. “Have a nice day,” the tollgate guy said as he opened the gate for them, the last car onto the freeway, and Tranh couldn’t help but grin at the angry barrage of honking as the gate came down behind him. “Enjoy the back roads, losers,” Mina called gaily back as he accelerated up the hill and into the trees. Mina waited until they had made the first turn out of town, until they were out of sight of the tollbooth and the CHP station before unzipping her bag. Then she got right to work. Tranh didn’t understand half the equipment she arranged and plugged in and booted up, but he knew that she could use it to plug into the sats to track the CHP on the road and to block the GPS in his car so that they couldn’t track him. It was all top of the line in anti-CHP snooping tech. It was also incredibly illegal. But then, so was his car. Mina stuck her tiny laptop up on the dash, where it bleeped twice at her as if saying a cheery hello. “We’re online,” she said, pushing her hair behind her ears. Tranh pressed down the accelerator, sped up to 80. No reason to continue going the speed limit. He passed two other cars along the way. “One CHP up in Scotts Valley, looks like he’s parked.” Mina commented, tapping a key. “Two at the Summit. Another one over by the sand pile. That’s it. Really quiet. Huh.” Tranh nodded. No CHP, good. That would make for an uneventful commute. He liked an uneventful commute. The road to Silicon Valley from Santa Cruz had never been a fun commute. Four-lane Highway 17 twisted through the mountains and was crowded and prone to accidents since, well, since forever. Back when it was a two-lane dirt road at the turn of the last century people had complained about wagons taking it too fast. But it was at the turn of this century, during the Internet gold rush, that 17 had gone completely out of control. With seemingly half of Santa Cruz working in high tech in the valley and commuting over the hill every day, the road was constantly packed with stressed-out drivers taking this same unsafe road either at insane rates of speed or at a dead stop for hours at a time. In the morning they were anxious to get to work and angry about having to get there; at night they were anxious to get home and angry about having spent the day there. Welcome to Highway 17, today’s soup of the day is Road Rage served hot. 17 had been one of the first freeways to go controlled when the Bay Area highway system converted in 2006. If you had a freeway license and your car had the legally-required transponder units, you hit the tollgates, plugged in your destination and the freeway took over your car. It was just like being on the subway or an airplane; you could read or listen to music or sleep. No traffic jams, no accidents, and a consistent 75 MPH rate of speed. People loved it. Of course, if you were a troublemaker — if you got caught dealing drugs, molesting children or hacking the transponder unit in your car — you could lose your freeway license, and then you’d have to take back roads if you wanted to get anywhere. The other choice was to apply for a pre-commute license, which allowed you to drive on the freeways during the few hours a day they weren’t controlled. This didn’t mean pre-commute was a wild and exciting time; the CHP swarmed over the freeways during pre-commute, and if they caught you doing illegal things or just not being a good commuter you were in deep, deep trouble indeed. Tranh tried to stay out of deep trouble. Most of the time. He just didn’t like how the controlled freeways felt, didn’t like the lack of control. The freeways had been built so that cars could go fast. That was the point. It was wrong and evil to take the ability to go fast out of the hands of the drivers, simply because there were too many idiots on the road. OK, so practically no one died on the roads anymore. Driving on the freeways sucked now. It was no fun. Screw that. He had tried to follow the rules. He had commuted just like everyone else. But he hadn’t been able to resist a few modifications to the little red Honda, just a few things he found on some blackmarket web pages, a tuning chip here, a pipe there, a little back-alley suspension work there. He couldn’t go fast on the freeways but it helped some on the city streets. Car mods were illegal, too, under the same law that controlled the freeways, but the CHP looked the other way for that. He didn’t get into real trouble until he tried poking around with the tracking unit in the car. They caught him at that within days, and then they came down on him hard, and next thing he knew he had a year’s suspension and no freeway license for life. The suspension had been a very dark year in his life, a horrible time when he had had to bum rides from friends and even occasionally (shudder) take the bus up into the valley into work. He had applied for a pre-commute license after a month of it, and once his suspension was over it had been granted. It was then that the mods he had made to his car really came in handy. They were approaching Scotts Valley and Mina’s laptop made an inquisitive chirp. Mina immediately pulled the machine down from the dash and Tranh took his foot off the accelerator, slowing to 50, and ducked into the right lane. After this much time commuting together, Tranh didn’t have to ask Mina what was up. There was a CHP up ahead. Time to behave like a good commuter. “Where is he?” he asked as she tapped away on the keys. “Coming up soon,” Mina said. “He’s moving, I think he’s on the freeway ahead of us. Another quarter mile.” she looked up and squinted, pushed her hair out of her face again. “Soon.” A blue Saturn raced by them in the left lane, going far too fast for the neighborhood. “Jeez, what a moron,” Tranh commented. “Wonder if he thinks this is a 75 zone or something.” “Don’t complain,” Mina said. “He’ll distract the CHP. Ah,” she pointed to the screen as a dot near the top began to flash. “Yes, he will, here’s a speeder report just in, blue Saturn, yup, they’ve got a lock on him. He’s doomed.” The traffic slowed ahead as the CHP landed its victim and the pre-commuters gawked. The driver of the Saturn was a young guy, Tranh’s age, who was looking truly miserable through the open window of the car as they passed. He had a right to be miserable. Mess up on pre-commute and you were talking jail time. “Poor guy,” Tranh said as they sped up again. Mina shrugged. “No sympathy. He fucked up. He had no commute partner watching out for him, probably didn’t even have any tech. If you don’t have the tech, don’t play the game. He took a chance and he fucked up. No sympathy.” Beyond the city limits it was business as usual, the laptop went back up on the dash and their speed went back up to bearable limits. This was the fun part, when the twists started, the part where you had to concentrate and really drive. This was the part of the commute Tranh liked best. He weaved around slower cars as he drove, diving in and out of the left and right lanes, occasionally dipping back in order to get a better position out front. In some places there was less traffic and he could speed up for the straights, brake hard for the corners and then a quick double-clutch downshift for the curves, an instinctive motion he had practiced again and again since he was sixteen until it was so perfect he could feel with his feet and his hands and his bones and his blood exactly when to clutch, when to shift, when to brake. This was it, this was what driving was supposed to be, what it was like before the freeways had gone controlled. God, how he missed this. “Where are all the people?” he asked abruptly. “Its awfully slow today. We’re the only cheaters. No one’s challenging us. No CHP anywhere. Did everyone get out on the road early today or something?” “I thought you liked it quiet,” she said. “I do!” he replied. “Its just weird, you know — no CHP, no weird drivers — its like a holiday or something. Doesn’t feel like a commute at all.” Mina snorted. “You’re so weird,” she commented, thumbing the on button on the stereo. The music burst from the speakers, loud and fast, some punk band Mina had brought a CD for last time. “You complain when there’s too much traffic and everyone’s wound up, and now you’re complaining that there’s not enough traffic. Quit complaining. Just enjoy it. Drive the car.” “I wasn’t complaining,” he protected, glanced over and then let his voice trail away. Mina had stretched her arms up and back over the seat as the music blared on, her jacket gaping open in the front. She was wearing one of those tight short tops again, the ones that rode up when she stretched, exposing the line of her ribs and the light skin of her belly, her navel dimpling inward like the stem end of an apple. Tranh placed his hands on the steering wheel in perfect 10-2 position and stared forward at the road. Drive the car. Drive the car. He had known Mina for, what, six months now. They had met at a geek party in Santa Cruz a friend of Tranh’s had thrown, one of those big parties that was advertised on the Web and where no one knows anyone else except from their email addresses, their weblog pseudos, the names they chose to use on the Net. He had arrived late, and had to park a bunch of blocks away. Mina had walked up just as he was emerging from his car, and had stopped to look at the car as he shut the door and clicked the alarm on. He looked at her suspiciously. He had taken great pains to hide the mods he had made to the car; from the outside it looked like a plain ordinary Honda. But someone who knew cars could often tell. “Nice car,” she had said, looking up at him. He thanked her. And then she came right out and asked the question: “Do you hack?” He was stunned. People just didn’t ask total strangers these questions out in public, where anyone could hear. “Hack? You mean, uh…computers?” He stuttered back at her, looking around anxiously to see if there was anyone around. “No.” She smiled gently, as if to a child, pushed her hair behind her ears and tipped her chin at the Honda. “No. Cars.” He paused, considered, gulped. She stood, waiting. She didn’t look like CHP. She was skinny and had ragged hair in a furious shade of violet. Her skirt was so short she was almost wearing it under her armpits. Was it a trap? What should he do? “No, no, of course not.” he finally replied. “Its illegal to modify cars in this state. That’s a completely stock Honda.” She looked at him for a long time, then leaned over a bit and stared pointedly at the back of the Honda. “That’s a nice pipe on that car. I think I saw one of those at a show once. A guy named Newt makes them. Heard of him? Newt Performance? Oh, but you wouldn’t have.” She stood back upright, smiled again, folded her arms. “Its illegal to modify cars in this state.” Tranh kept his mouth shut. If she was CHP, he was in trouble. She started to laugh at him. “Don’t freak out,” she said. “I won’t tell on you. My brother used to mod Acuras before they made it illegal,” she explained. “I know a tuned car when I see one. Are you going to Tommy’s party, by any chance?” “Yeah,” he replied. Well, this was totally bizarre. She gestured and they began to walk together down the block toward the house. “I had to park all the way down here, though. Its busy.” “I had to walk all the way from Pacific.” she replied. He gaped at her. Pacific Avenue was three miles away, and she was wearing high heels. She shrugged. “No license. You cope.” “No license? How did you lose it?” “Bad attitude.” “Bad attitude?” “I flashed the CHP during a commute.” “They take your license away for that?” “No, they pull you over for that. But I had tracker software on my laptop and I forgot to put it away. They nail you but good for that.” Tracker software? She hacked CHP sat systems, too? “You’re a tracker?” he asked, stunned. “Yeah,” she shrugged. “I work for a company in the valley that does sat phones. There’s a lot of overlap.” Tranh smiled. “Oh, you too. Seems like everyone works in the valley these days.” “Is that any surprise?” Mina said. “The valley’s where all the action is.” “Too bad about the commute.” Tranh said ruefully. “It must be tough getting up to the valley without a license.” “Oh yeah,” she replied. “I used to bum rides with a friend, but he got arrested last month. Do you commute?” Tranh looked at her; she looked at him. He took the chance. “I pre-commute,” he said. “I don’t have a freeway license.” “What did you lose it for?” She asked, grinning at him. He looked around. There was no one else there. “Car hacking.” She laughed again, a laugh that said distinctly, I am laughing at you, not with you. “I see. What’s your name?” “Tranh,” he replied. “Mina,” she stuck out her hand. He took it. Her skin was cold. He felt uncomfortably warm. “Tell me, Tranh, do you have a commute partner?” “A commute partner?” “Someone to watch out for you while you’re driving. Someone to ride shotgun, to keep an eye out. Someone, say, to keep track of where the CHP is so that you won’t have any problems on your drive.” There was a long silence as they walked down the sidewalk, Mina’s heels tapping on the pavement. “No,” Tranh said, cautiously, as they approached Tommy’s house, fully lit up and overflowing with people. “No, I don’t have a commute partner.” “Well, tell you what,” Mina said. “Let’s get a couple beers in us and get to know each other, and then I might just have a proposal for you.” A car came up behind them, fast. Really fast. A big car, too. Tranh watched in the rearview, accelerated slightly as the car came up. An SUV of some sort, big, and black, with tinted windows. He accelerated more. The SUV kept pace, moving even closer to Tranh’s bumper. He moved into the right lane to let it pass, the polite thing to do, but the big car followed into that same lane. Then it flashed its headlights at him. “Uh oh,” Tranh said. “What?” Mina sat upright. She had been starting out at the trees at the side of the road, one foot up on the dash, tapping her foot to the music. “We’ve just been challenged.” Mina turned around to look. She made a rude noise. “Its a fucking SUV. You can outrun a fucking SUV any day of the week.” “I’m really not in the mood for this,” Tranh muttered. “Oh come on!” Mina laughed. “We’ve got no CHP anywhere. No traffic. Its a great day! And its just an SUV!” “Its some kind of weird SUV,” Tranh protested. “He’s got mods. He’s been keeping up with me, through the straights, through the turns. That thing has serious mods and it handles better than any SUV I’ve ever seen.” They had just passed Glenwood and Tranh had downshifted into the tight corner just past the exit, guiding the Honda through the trees. The SUV had kept pace with them throughout the entire conversation. Mina popped open her laptop and braced her hand against the door as they veered off into another corner. “Yeah, you’re right,” she said, pointing to the screen. Tranh didn’t look over; he was driving. “I can’t see him on here. He must have some pretty serious GPS blockers for that, I just downloaded the latest software yesterday. I’d really like to see what’s going on inside that car. Hey! Watch it!” The SUV had pulled alongside them on the right and then had moved over, nudging them to the left. But there was nowhere to go on the left, no shoulder, nothing but a guardrail between them and the opposite lanes. Tranh plugged his foot on the brake, hoping no one was behind him as the Honda squirted out backward from the squeeze. No one was behind them, of course; everyone had dropped far back almost immediately. No one wanted to be anywhere near a challenge. Challenges were dangerous. “Shit, that was close,” Mina said as the SUV blithely moved over into their lane as if it hadn’t even seen them. As if. “Asshole,” Tranh cursed. “That was out of control. Fucker. No way is he getting away with that.” Downshift. Second gear, back up the hill to where the big black SUV had slowed and was waiting, waiting for them to catch up. He was playing with them. “Well, OK then.” Mina grinned. Mina loved challenges, loved the aggression, loved the adrenaline. She said it made her day at work a lot more interesting. Tranh was sort of glad he didn’t work at her company. Tranh pulled up behind the SUV, flashed his lights. The gauntlet thrown down, he zipped around to the right, cut in front, zapped the brake twice, forcing the SUV to brake to keep from hitting them, and then floored the accelerator, pulling ahead. Now that he was in front it was down to just driving skill, and there was no SUV on the road could beat him there. Or so he thought, but this was some mutant SUV. He could out-maneuver it in the corners, but then it would barrel up and catch up in the straights. “Shit, what kind of airplane engine has he GOT in that thing?” he asked after the third time the SUV had caught right up to him, caught up and once even nudged him from behind. Tranh practically had to float the valves to get away from him. “We’re coming up on the Summit,” Mina warned. “We have three CHP parked at the hut.” “Shit. Shit.” Tranh had no choice but to fall back to the speed limit. You could not go at full speed through the flats near the summit, where there was a CHP outpost, running a challenge. But if Tranh didn’t keep ahead who knows what the SUV would do. At nearly the same time Tranh slowed, the SUV also fell back and also maintained the identical speed, just a mile above the limit. “Does he know or is he just teasing us?” Tranh asked suspiciously. “I’d put $50 on it that he knows.” Mina said. “He’s got a tracker in there like me, I just know it.” Together, side by side, they casually drove over the pass, two ordinary good commuters obeying the law, passing the stationary black and white cars at the CHP hut. Mina waved cheerfully as they passed. They waited a good margin after the summit, both the Honda and the SUV, remaining side by side, speeding up down the hill, and Mina then turned to the SUV just outside her window and gave it a double-barrelled middle finger salute. “Back off!” she screeched at the truck. Nothing but silence from the tinted windows of the black SUV. Tranh threw the car into the curve the locals called Valley Surprise, a tight, reverse-banked right hander, and the SUV next to him wavered, fell back a little. A break? Was this it? Was he winning? He seized the opportunity and pushed the accelerator harder, pushing the Honda harder, and then suddenly next to him there was an explosion of light and sound and Mina shrieked, threw one arm over her face and the other on her laptop. “Shit!” Tranh yelled as the passenger window dissolved into crumbs, littering both of them and the inside of the car with squares of crystal. He toed the brake, dipped back behind the black SUV, where the rear window was just sliding back up into place. “Shit!” he repeated. “He’s shooting at us?! This is totally out of control!” Mina had yanked her laptop off the dash, cords flying everywhere. She stuffed the laptop into into her bag and was rooting around in it, the wind from the shattered window tossing her hair around her face. “I thought I told you to get bulletproof,” she said angrily, glancing over at Tranh as she continued to search. “Bulletproof! Like we ever need bulletproof glass! Like I can afford bulletproof glass!” Tranh shouted back at her. “Its bulletproof or a better turbo! I don’t have that much cash! You could pay for gas sometimes you know! Holy shit! Where did you get that?” Mina had found what she was looking for in her bag: the biggest gun Tranh had ever seen, OK, the only gun Tranh had ever seen. Guns had been illegal in California since ’02, no one had guns anymore, and especially not enormous handguns with laser sights like the one Mina was holding. There were dispensations for celebrities and the very rich, of course, but he was pretty sure Mina didn’t fall into either of those categories. “Oh, my God, we are going to get in so much trouble,” he said, shaking his head. The SUV was rapidly vanishing ahead of them around the next curve. “Don’t freak out,” Mina said. “Just pull up and let’s get even for your window.” “You’re joking,” Tranh gaped, trying to steer and wave his hands in a panic at the same time. “You’re totally joking. This is insane. Challenges don’t work like this.” “Tell it to that guy,” Mina pointed to the SUV. “I’m not going to kill him, Tranh, I’m just going to hurt his car a little. Come on, its the challenge. Come on, you have to.” She leaned over, the gun in one hand, the other resting on his knee. Shit. “Come on,” she said, her voice low, her eyes bright. “Come on.” He could barely hear her over the music and wind noise, but things were remarkably quiet in his head. “Shit,” Tranh said, finally. A quick heel-toe downshift, and the Honda shrieked into redline as Mina cocked the handgun and flipped on the laser. They caught up to the SUV at the next corner, and Tranh pulled up close and flashed his lights. The challenge again. “Pull up, pull up,” Mina urged him, wedging her shoulder in the seat and taking aim as Tranh dived past a Dodge and drew even with the cursed SUV. They were heading into Big Moody Curve, a tight downhill decreasing-radius turn, marked at 40mph. Side by side, the Honda and the SUV entered the turn at 85 MPH. The road weaved and jumped and Tranh glanced over to see the dot of the laser bounce across the mirrored surface of the SUV’s windows as she fought to aim. She pulled the trigger. An enormous explosion of noise, but then nothing happened. “Fuck,” Mina cursed, “HE has bulletproof!” She wiggled down in the seat, and her skirt pushed up her thighs as she braced against the footwell for better aim. She had wonderfully muscled legs. Tranh stared forward, keeping the Honda steady as the SUV threatened on the right. Drive the car. Drive the car. Another explosion. A whoop from Mina. “Drop back! Back! Now!” she yelled. The SUV suddenly swerved left, but Tranh was already hard on the brakes, hard around the corner, out of the way of the swerve and Mina was leaning all the way out the window, still firing. She had shot out his front tire, and then she got both his rears. The SUV overcorrected the swerve, bounced off the guardrail, came over right, and then began to tip. “Ohhhh, shit,” Mina said, pulling back in, and watching with her mouth open as the SUV skidded all the way over onto its side on the right, all the way off the road, onto the shoulder and into the trees with a huge cloud of dust. Tranh slowed as they passed. “Yeah! Fuckin’ SUVs! They’re big, but they sure fall hard!” Mina cackled madly, pumped with adrenaline, flinging herself at Tranh and kissing him madly. “Hey! Hey! I’m driving here!” he said. “And could you put the gun away please? Jeez.” “Sorry,” she said, panting, settling back in her seat and putting the handgun lovingly back into the bag. “That was SO COOL. You did SO GREAT. We are SUCH a great team.” She pumped that air and giggled. Giggled! “I am going to have such a great day after that.” Tranh just shook his head. He looked back in the rearview mirror, but they had gone through enough turns that you could no longer see the tipped SUV. “Do you think they’re OK?” he asked, quietly. Mina looked over at him. “I can report it, if you want.” Tranh glanced back at her. “Yeah, that’d be good.” Mina got her laptop out again, reconnected the wires, got back online. “black late-model Ford SUV, firestoned on NB 17 point five miles past Big Moody Curve,” she said as she typed. “Sound good?” “That can’t be traced to us, can it?” Tranh said nervously. “Of course not.” Mina looked insulted. “Not with my equipment. They can’t see us, can’t hear us, can’t tell where we come from. The message will look like a plain CHP dispatch, could have come from anywhere.” “OK,” Tranh said. He hoped the people in the SUV were OK. They didn’t really deserve it, after all, they were assholes and they had tried to kill them, but he still hoped they were OK. Suddenly, despite all the caffiene and sugar in his mocha and his donut he felt very tired. Were things getting worse? Was the commute getting harder? They had been in a lot of challenges before, a lot of times when he had outraced or been outraced by other cars. Some of the challenges had gotten nasty, a lot of aggressive driving and threats and sometimes even contact. Once Tranh had been run into the barrier and his left fender had been scraped up pretty badly. But this, this was totally way off the scale for the commute. This stuff just didn’t happen. “Hey Mina,” he asked, turning the music down. “Do you ever get tired of all this shit?” Mina looked over, confused. “Tired? What do you mean?” “Tired. Of everything. Of the challenges, of the constantly watching for people, of having to get up at oh-dark-thirty every morning just to get out here in time for the pre-commute. Just of the commute. Don’t you ever want to get a job in Santa Cruz, or even just move away, move somewhere where the CHP are normal, where they don’t track you with GPS, where they let you drive on the freeways whenever you want to? Don’t you ever want to get away from all the craziness in the Valley?” Mina stared at him for a long time like he had grown a plant out of his forehead. “Leave the Valley?” she asked him incredulously. “Leave? You can’t be serious.” They were just passing Bear Creek road, where the last of the mountain commuters forced their way onto 17 just before it deltaed into the valley itself. “You can’t leave Silicon Valley,” Mina insisted. “The Valley is where all the action is.” Posted in fiction < Previous Tin Roof Next > The Trunk Powered by WordPress ~ Design based on Penscratch ~ Copyright © 1994-2020 Laura Lemay	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9388
__label__cc	0.72483	0.27517	English Deutsch Français Español Pусский Product All products Construction Machines Material handling technology Mobile & Crawler Cranes Maritime Cranes Country All Countries Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Azerbaijan Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Canada Chile Colombia Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Ghana Hungary India Indonesia Ireland Italy Japan Kazakhstan Malaysia Mexico Morocco Mozambique Netherlands New Caledonia New Zealand Nigeria Norway P.R. China Panama Peru Poland Portugal Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore South Africa South Korea Spain Sweden Switzerland Thailand Turkey United Arab Emirates United Kingdom USA Zambia Liebherr in Romania Liebherr-Romania S.R.L. was founded in 2005. The company is responsible for sales and service of construction machines, mobile and crawler cranes as well as mobile harbour cranes in Romania. With a total of five branches in Bukarest, Cluj Napoca, Constanta, Piatra Neamt and Timisoara the service teams are able to react fast and focused to customer specific needs. Additionally, a fleet of fully equipped service cars supports high quality service. Liebherr-Romania S.R.L. is also the interface between the customers in Romania and production companies in Lindenberg and Kempten (both in Germany), Toulouse (France) and Nenzing (Austria). In this respect the company also caters to customers in the aerospace and gear cutting technology and automation industries. Liebherr is one of the world's largest manufacturers of construction machines. The Liebherr Group is also successfully involved in many other product areas. Overview of all divisions Our customers can rely on a worldwide sales and service network. Search here for the right contact partner. Find service partner	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9391
__label__wiki	0.570228	0.570228	Disclosures & E-Docs FacebookTwitterVimeoPinterestLinkedInInstagram Assessment & Institutional Research Office of Enrollment/Registrar We offer associate degrees and certificates in traditional fields such as: liberal arts, the sciences, business and law enforcement, and technical skills in carpentry & electrical fields. Dean of Academics Indigenous Leadership Ojibwe Language Integrated Residential Builder Residential Carpentry Science, Tech, Engr. & Math Liberal Education – STEM Emphasis Dean of Student Services Recruitment & Outreach Extension Service & Community Education Gidakiim Submit Occurrence Print Shop & Bookstore LLTC Scholarship MN Indian Scholarship Program Tribal Grants & Scholarships Support LLTC Success Leech Lake Tribal College, Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe, and RREAL Solar Energy Project Wins Environmental Initiative Award Leech Lake Tribal College, Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe, and RREAL Solar Energy Project Wins Environmental Initiative Awardadmin2019-08-28T18:31:54+00:00 Leech Lake Tribal College No. 1 community college in U.S. Study: Leech Lake Tribal College No. 1 community college in U.S. http://www.bemidjipioneer.com/news/4315486-study-leech-lake-tribal-college-no-1-community-college-us#.WZt5cx_XIH8.facebook By Barry Amundson on Aug 21, 2017 at 4:02 p.m. CASS LAKE, Minn. -- Leech Lake Tribal College in northern Minnesota had some good news on their first day of classes Monday, Aug. 21. The Cass Lake college was named the best community college in the U.S. The study by personal finance website WalletHub ranked more than 700 college and technical schools across the U.S. based on affordability, student-faculty ratio, graduation rates and job placement. The Cass Lake college currently with 190 students this fall semester was established [...] Leech Lake Tribal College No. 1 community college in U.S.admin2019-08-28T18:39:14+00:00 LLTC Hosts Law Enforcement Training On Safety Issues Involving Meth Labs LLTC Hosts Law Enforcement Training On Safety Issues Involving Meth Labsadmin2019-08-28T18:41:29+00:00 BSU Signs Dual Enrollment Agreements With Leech Lake Tribal College and three other Tribal Colleges BSU Signs Dual Enrollment Agreements With Leech Lake Tribal College and three other Tribal Collegesadmin2019-08-28T18:46:34+00:00 Lakeland Currents sits down with Leech Lake Tribal College In 1990, the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe established its Leech Lake Tribal College, first offering courses in extension from the University of Minnesota – Duluth, Bemidji State University, and Itasca and Brainerd community colleges. The tribal college celebrated its first graduate in 1993, and then 17 more in 1994. Today, there are approximately 350 students enrolled at the college, and it has celebrated more than 525 graduates. Join us as Larry Aitken, the founder and first President of Leech Lake Tribal College who still is an Ojibwe instructor, and Melanie Wilson, Director of Assessment and Institutional Research look back [...] Lakeland Currents sits down with Leech Lake Tribal Collegeadmin2019-08-28T18:49:46+00:00 Leech Lake Tribal College Conducts Taser Training Leech Lake Tribal College Conducts Taser Trainingadmin2019-08-28T18:51:31+00:00 LLTC Library named in honor of Larry P. Aitken Today, we honored Leech Lake Tribal College’s founder and first president Bezhigoogahbow “The one who stands alone” Larry P. Aitken. The event’s attendees represented a who’s who and was comprised of many trail blazers for Indian Education in Minnesota and Nationwide. Key speakers included Dr. Will Antell, Dr. Monnette, Leroy Staples Fairbanks III, LLTC President Dr. Ginny Carney, LLTC Board of Trustee Chair Vickie Howard, and MN District 5A Rep John Persell. The speakers shared wonderful stories about Larry Aitken, the hard work that was done to turn a dream into reality by starting a Tribal College here on the [...] LLTC Library named in honor of Larry P. Aitkenadmin2019-08-28T18:58:48+00:00 New Board of Trustee Pat Broker sworn in today LLBO Secretary/Treasurer Archie LaRose & LLTC Board of Trustee member Pat Broker Today, Leech Lake Tribal College welcomes our newest Board of Trustee member Pat Broker. Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe Secretary/Treasurer Archie LaRose performed the swearing in ceremony. New Board of Trustee Pat Broker sworn in todayadmin2019-08-28T19:00:26+00:00 LLTC Alumni Leslie Harper & the Every Student Succeed Act (ESSA) LLTC Alumni Leslie Harper will help draft proposed regulations in parts of the Every Student Succeed Act (ESSA). LLTC Alumni Leslie Harper and Emmy Winner The U.S. Department of Education named committee members who will draft proposed regulations in parts of the Every Student Succeed Act (ESSA) that replaced the outdated No Child Left Behind Act. The committee consists of many constituencies ranging from state administrators to teachers from throughout the United States. Leslie Harper was nominated by the National Coalition of Native Language Schools to serve as a participating alternate committee member. The Negotiated Rulemaking Committee is convened to [...] LLTC Alumni Leslie Harper & the Every Student Succeed Act (ESSA)admin2019-08-28T19:14:39+00:00 LeRoy Staples Fairbanks donates $13,000 to LLTC March 18, 2016 – The Leech Lake Tribal College received a $13,000 donation from LeRoy Staples Fairbanks towards a $50,000 endowment scholarship fund. This marks the beginning of the final phase of giving, with the remainder of the pledge to be completed later this year. Friends, family and staff members were present for the check presentation event hosted on campus. “What Mr. Fairbanks and his family have done is investing in the future of our community. In any successful community, there exist three characteristics: economics, leadership, and education. You need those three things to create community viability and I’m glad [...] LeRoy Staples Fairbanks donates $13,000 to LLTCadmin2019-08-28T19:09:14+00:00 Leech Lake Tribal College 6945 Little Wolf Road NW Cass Lake, MN 56633 Mon—Fri: 7am-8pm Sat & Sun: 10am-4pm Liberal Education – STEM Copyright © Leech Lake Tribal College Last Day to Add/Drop Graduation Applications Due Mid-terms March 2 @ 8:00 am - March 6 @ 8:00 pm Mid-term Grades Due March 10 @ 8:00 am - 12:00 pm LLTC Spring Break 2020	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9395
__label__wiki	0.940411	0.940411	Audit finds using flaggers won’t save as much… Audit finds using flaggers won’t save as much as Patrick hoped By Matt Murphy \| PUBLISHED: March 25, 2009 at 12:00 am \| UPDATED: July 16, 2019 at 12:00 am BOSTON — Gov. Deval Patrick may have overestimated the potential for savings by replacing police details with civilian flaggers, according a new report from Auditor Joseph DeNucci that also suggests public safety could be compromised by taking cops off the street. The report, prepared for Public Safety Committee Chairmen Sen. James Timilty and Rep. Michael Costello, states that the Executive Office of Transportation relied on a “one week snapshot” during peak construction season when it determined the state could save between $5.7 million and $7.2 million a year by replacing police officers with flaggers on state highway projects. DeNucci said the governor’s estimate overstates the potential savings by $685,000 to $850,000. The report also suggests there will be an undeniable impact on public safety, a point made strongly by police unions during last year’s debate when they opposed the move to flagmen on select projects, despite Massachusetts being the only state in the country without them. DeNucci said the policy will remove 177 police officers from the streets on a daily basis, officers that critics contend are available to respond to emergencies. MassHighway Commissioner Luisa Paiewonsky downplayed the report, saying both the administration and DeNucci agree that there are significant savings to be had by using flaggers. “I think there’s a large area of overlap between what he’s saving and what we’re saying. I don’t think there’s all that much disagreement,” Paiewonsky said. In the first three months of the flagger program that started Oct. 1, the auditor’s report claims the state saved between $10,000 and $12,000. Paiewonsky said those saving were based on limited use of flaggers on maintenance projects over a three-week period at the end of the construction season. The real test, she said, will come beginning in April when MassHighway begins the new highway construction season with more than $100 million in projects in the pipeline already for this year. Paiewonsky also said the state pored carefully over the regulations to ensure public safety for drivers and workers. Patrick yesterday afternoon said he had not read the report, but believes the state had to move toward civilian flaggers. Today’s Question – Jan. 20	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9400
__label__wiki	0.873167	0.873167	Top Party Spots for Nightlife Los Angeles The Los Angeles party scene is vast and varied, with locations all over town catering to a myriad of tastes. When you’re looking to drink and dance all night long, look no further than the list we’ve put together below. Read on to learn more about nightlife in Los Angeles! Where to Go for Unforgettable Nightlife in Los Angeles In L.A., you can essentially break down the best nightlife in Los Angeles into clubs, bars, and lounges. What’s the difference between a club and a lounge? Price and ambiance, mainly. L.A. is known the world over for its swanky club atmosphere, with velvet ropes and veteran celebrities making appearances. But if you’re looking for something just as fun without the fuss, a lounge is the way to go. The Well on Sunset Boulevard has a mod atmosphere and great music that makes it some of the best nightlife in Los Angeles. The Brig in Abbot Kinney (the chic section of Venice) also has an elegant, mod-influenced interior with laid-back games of pool and handcrafted cocktails. Stop by the Dresden Room, which has its own lounge act and once had an appearance in the 1996 film Swingers. If you can’t comprehend the idea of nightlife in Los Angeles without a great drink, you’re in luck; L.A. is home to a plethora of breweries and cocktail lounges. For beer, you’ll want to try places like Father’s Office, Golden Road Brewing (which has its own outdoor bar games), The Library Alehouse, Sunset Beer, and Eagle Rock Brewery. High-quality cocktails, meanwhile, can be enjoyed at Tiki-Ti tiki bar, the grand upscale Casa del Mar, the speakeasy Oldfields, the retro Melrose Umbrella Company, the industrial vibe of The Edison, or the incredible No Vacancy, which has patrons enter through a hidden staircase under a bed. Of course, visitors who love dancing will find that no night is complete without it! The best dance clubs range from salsa and Latin-themed clubs to high-energy gay clubs. Clubs with a strong Latin influence include El Floridita in Hollywood, Mayan in downtown L.A. (which has a strict dress code) and La Plaza on La Brea. The highlight of the gay club scene includes The Abbey, Micky’s, Factory, Rage, and Akbar. Meanwhile, younger crowds will love Avalon, Bardot, Cinespace, and The Echo. Luxury Rental Group – Your Gateway to the Best of L.A. Contact our reservation specialists today to find out more about these spots for nightlife in Los Angeles CA and other incredible places worth checking out during your time here when you book your lodgings in one of our elegant vacation rental properties!	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9403
__label__wiki	0.94199	0.94199	Marina Labor Day Parade and Festival A great success! Here's what the front page of the Monterey County Herald had to say back in 2012. Marina Labor Day Parade revitalized by Mayor Bruce Delgado By DENNIS TAYLOR Herald Staff Writer Posted: 09/01/2012 11:10:18 PM PDT Small-town parades were created to celebrate Boy Scout troops, high school bands, politicians in vintage cars, Lions Clubs, horse associations and dogs in costume. And all of them marched about three blocks Saturday through Marina to mark the upcoming Labor Day. Leading the procession were Allan MacDonald and Andy Anderson, Marina residents who rode in an olive-green military vehicle with a "Grand Marshal" banner on its doors. "My wife had to help me put my jacket on this morning. The medals are too heavy and I couldn't lift it over my shoulders," said MacDonald, 88, a Bronze Star and Purple Heart recipient who was wounded in WWII and Korea and served in Vietnam. "I served for 54 years — 30 in the Army, 24 in civil service at Fort Ord." The veterans were followed Saturday by an honor guard and marching representatives of the Army, Navy, Air Force and Marines, all stationed at Monterey's Defense Language Institute, and veterans from the legendary 173rd Airborne "Sky Soldiers," the unit that made the only combat jump of the Vietnam War. The parade, like the Veterans Day parade held in Marina earlier this year, is a tradition revived by Mayor Bruce Delgado, a proud progressive who, as always, walked the route. His other modes of transportation are a bicycle and a fully electric car, which rolled silently along the route, spewing zero emissions. There were clowns in brightly colored wigs, red noses and splashy, over-sized pajamas; pint-sized, board-busting martial artists; fan dancers in full ceremonial costume; and Marina High School's football squad and undefeated, league champion girls softball team. "We're here from New Jersey to visit relatives, and a parade like this one is something we don't get back home," said Margaret Wong, who sat on the curb with her three small children. "This is so charming and, I think, very American." And, consistent with the Labor Day theme, there were unions — the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 234 and the Monterey County Carpenters Local 605. "We came to the Veterans Day Parade, and we marked the calendar on our refrigerator to make sure we didn't miss this one," said Marina resident Kalle Williams, whose three kids wore matching USA T-shirts. "We're really glad they're doing this again. I actually feel like it's money well-spent in our community, even in tough economic times. We really need stuff like this. It's part of the fabric of America and it makes me feel very patriotic."	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9409
__label__cc	0.63032	0.36968	n a v CFPB Proposes Federal Protections for Prepaid Products By Martin & Jones on December 2, 2014 The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) has proposed new, strong federal consumer protections for the prepaid market. Prepaid products are consumer accounts typically loaded with funds by a consumer or a third party, such as an employer. Consumers can use these products to make payments, store funds, receive direct deposits, send funds to others, and to get cash at ATMs. Prepaid products are often bought at retail stores or online. They are among the fastest growing types of consumer financial products. It is anticipated that the total dollar value loaded onto general purpose reloadable cards will grow to nearly $100 billion in 2014, up from less than $1 billion in 2003. The CFPB proposal would expand certain protections available with other products to holders of prepaid products. The proposal would require prepaid companies to limit consumers’ losses when funds are stolen or cards lost, to investigate and timely resolve errors, and to provide easy and free access to account information. Many consumers use prepaid products as an alternative to traditional checking accounts. Consumers using prepaid products do not, however, currently have widespread protections. The CFPB proposal would ensure that most prepaid account consumers would have important protections under the Electronic Fund Transfer Act after registering their account. These protections are similar to those checking account customers already receive and include: • Easy and free access to account information: Financial institutions would be required to either provide periodic account statements or to make account information easily accessible online. • Error resolution rights: The proposal would require that financial institutions investigate errors that consumers report on registered accounts and to resolve those errors in a timely manner along with a temporary crediting of the disputed amount to the consumer to use while the institution conducts its investigation. • Fraud and lost-card protection: The proposal would limit the consumer’s responsibility for unauthorized charges to $50 so long as the consumer promptly notifies the financial institution, a protection comparable to that provided holders of credit and debit cards. Additional detail about the CFPB’s proposed protections can be accessed via the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau website. How Can Martin & Jones Help You? Why Choose Martin & Jones? What Can I Expect When I Hire Martin & Jones? Send us an email or call 800-662-1234 to speak with us about your claim and to arrange a free consultation. It costs nothing to call and there is no obligation. In fact, we are not paid until your case is resolved. Se habla español. If you are unable to travel to one of our offices in Raleigh, Durham or Wilmington, we will meet with you at your location. How Was Your Experience with Martin & Jones? Martin & Jones, PLLC. 4140 Parklake Avenue 302 East Pettigrew Street 1213 Culbreth Drive © 2020 by Martin & Jones, PLLC. All rights reserved. DisclaimerPrivacy PolicyLaw Firm Web Development by NMC	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9414
__label__cc	0.665586	0.334414	Europe Attacks Google, Segway Moves to China, & More… [Tech News Digest] Dave Parrack April 16, 2015 16-04-2015 4 minutes Europe investigates Android, China buys Segway, Netflix exceeds expectations, GameStop craves classics, Amazon offers Orphan Black for free, and the best Craigslist ad of all time. Google Faces Serious Questions The European Commission (EC), the executive body of the European Union (EU), has formally lodged a complaint against Google over its business practices in Europe. The EC investigated Google for five years before reaching the conclusion that the company is engaged in anti-competitive behavior by abusing its dominant position in Web searches. The main bone of contention is the way in which Google Shopping links are placed above other links when people search for products they’re interested in buying. The EC claims Google has “systematically” promoted its own ads, which may have “artificially boosted its presence in the comparison shopping market with the result that consumers may not necessarily see what’s most relevant for them.” Google has come out fighting, stating in a blog post that it “respectfully but strongly disagrees” with the accusations. The EC has also launched a separate investigation into Android, which will examine whether a) Google incentivises manufacturers to install its apps, b) Google insists its services are bundled, and c) Google is hindering the development of competing forks of the mobile operating system. Google has preemptively defended Android, stating it’s looking forward to “discussing these issues in more detail with the European Commission over the months ahead.” Months? Try years. China Bags American Scooter Company According to the Wall Street Journal [Paywall], Chinese company Ninebot has acquired Segway for an undisclosed sum of money, with Xiaomi and Sequoia Capital investing $80 million in the operation. Like Segway, Ninebot manufactures two-wheeled personal transportation vehicles, so it’s clearly sticking to what it already knows. Ironically, Ninebot was one of several Chinese imitators Segway previously accused of infringing on its patents. Which may explain why Ninebot has decided now is the right time to buy the company. It’s not yet known how Chinese ownership will change the way Segway operates, if at all. Segway started life in 2001 as one of a number of exciting, and much anticipated, possible future solutions to urban transport problems The Transportation Of Tomorrow: Awesome Inventions That May Transform How We Commute The Transportation Of Tomorrow: Awesome Inventions That May Transform How We Commute The course of human civilization has always been shaped by transportation. The transportation of tomorrow may not solve all these problems, but it may solve some – and it’s important to give the matter thought... Read More . But the epic plans for everybody to drive Segways in and around cities never came to fruition. Instead, the vehicle became known as a novelty. The fact that the one-time owner of the business, Jimi Heselden, died by falling off a cliff while riding a Segway, really didn’t help its reputation. Which is a shame, because they’re actually a lot of fun if you can stay on them (see video embedded above). Netflix Celebrates Streaming Success Anyone else cancel Netflix right after finishing off an original series? I’ve done this about 4 times by now. — Anthony De Rosa (@AntDeRosa) April 15, 2015 Netflix The Ultimate Netflix Guide: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Netflix The Ultimate Netflix Guide: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Netflix This guide offers everything you need to know about using Netflix. Whether you're a new subscriber or an established fan of the best streaming service out there. Read More has much to celebrate, with its financial results from the first quarter of 2015 suggesting everything is looking rosy. The number of subscribers is up by 4.9 million, which includes 2.6 million outside of the United States. Revenues stood at $1.57 billion, with earnings per share higher than expected at $0.77. The Netflix share price rose on the news. The company’s CEO Reed Hastings used his quarterly letter [No Longer Available] to announce a couple of changes coming to the service. He said, “Over the next year we’ll evolve from using HTTP to using Secure HTTP (HTTPS) while browsing and viewing content on our service.” He also made a vague promise to overhaul the UI, suggesting these changes “will bring video playback forward into the browse experience.” And about time too. GameStop Wants Your Classic Consoles American video games retailer GameStop is (re)-entering the retro games market, with IGN reporting it will run a trial in New York City and Birmingham, Alabama. If successful, the program, which will include “games, systems and select accessories for most ‘retro’ platforms,” will be rolled out nationally later this year. While you will be able to sell your retro gaming gear 8 Retro Gaming Gadgets For Geeks 8 Retro Gaming Gadgets For Geeks Retro games and the gadgets that go with them are just as likely to thrill and enthrall gamers as the latest Triple-AAA titles. Read More in your local GameStop, you won’t be able to walk in buy these retro consoles and games. Instead, they will all be sold online a couple of months after being bought, in a move likely to be all about maximizing profit. Because GameStop isn’t exactly known for being generous Trading In Your Video Games – Is It Really Worth It? Trading In Your Video Games – Is It Really Worth It? Does trading in a game really make sense for you and your wallet? Or are you leaving money on the table by handing your used games over to a retailer? Read More . Amazon Streams Orphan Black for Free Assuming you have 10 hours to spare on Friday (April 17), you can watch every episode of Season 1 of Orphan Black thanks to Amazon. The online retailer is streaming the series for free 12:01 am to 11:59 pm (PDT) in order to promote Season 3, which is starting on BBC America this weekend. Orphan Black is a rather strange mix of science fiction, drama, and comedy, which has built a cult following on both sides of the pond. It’s certainly worth watching for free, but you should probably read our short guide to binge-watching A Short Guide To Binge-Watching [Weird & Wonderful Web] A Short Guide To Binge-Watching [Weird & Wonderful Web] Netflix and Amazon Prime Instant Video have turned binge-watching into a mainstay of the mainstream. Before you begin binge-watching TV you should arm yourself with some important information. This short guide helps. Read More in order to prepare beforehand. The Best Craigslist Ad of All Time And finally, Django Greenblatt-Seay has produced what may just be the best Craigslist Taking the Battle to Craigslist Scammers: How to Avoid Scams on Craigslist Taking the Battle to Craigslist Scammers: How to Avoid Scams on Craigslist Launched way back in 1995, Craigslist took the Internet world by storm with its innovative cross of classified ads with the web. But as with all Internet-based transactions, some users prefer to game the system... Read More ad of all time. And it’s for nothing sexier than a used 2002 Ford Taurus. The ad, however, is pure sex on a stick. If such a thing exists. Greenblatt-Seay is an Omaha-based videographer, which is how he managed to pull off such an accomplished ad. He also used a drone to film the car from above, and the audio from a 1987 commercial. And yet he still hasn’t received any serious offers. [H/T Fast Company] Your Views on Today’s Tech News Is the European Union justified in investigating Google for its business practices? Will the Segway ever be anything more than a novelty? Can Netflix continue to expand exponentially? Let us know your thoughts on the Tech News of the day by posting to the comments section below. Because a healthy discussion is always welcome. Image Credit: Robert Scoble via Flickr Explore more about: Craigslist, Google, Netflix. You Can Now Download the Chromium-Based Microsoft EdgeGoogle Extends XP Support, uTorrent Dumps Bitcoin Miner, & More… [Tech News Digest] Google is pure evil. The real question is why are the Europeans the only ones questioning their tactics? The answer is we know that Google has been using the revolving door with most governments for years and so there is nobody really watching. Fortunately their tactics are not washing in Europe. The world of tech is already being put back light years by having such a big player. They're controlling everything pretty much. When I hear about the newest victim of the EU, I treat it the same as the ever increasing encounters that I have the miss fortune of encounting which is the dreaded internet TROLL! I gess that Microsoft bashing is not the in thing at this point so a new candidate needed to be found. Come on EU you have got to be kidding, no one is forcing anyone to use anything that Google has. Unlike Microsofts position they are not a monopoly when it comes to search, internet services, or even mobile devices, no one is forced to use or buy any of them so why don't you wake up and smell the S#*^ you are shovelling. You act just like some 12 year old, instead of publicly calling someone (or company) names which is counter productive you should instead if you are genuinly concerned about the anti consumer policies of most companies and governments (how about the US gov't) do and instead pass some meaningful laws to either out right make the worse of the practices illegal and for the rest some strong clearly worded regulations as to what is allowed and just how far a company can go. Companies are buisnesses you know, they have a responiblilty to thier stock holders to whats that evil word oh yes make MONEY they are not charities. So regardless of where they are located in the world they inherently are there to take advantage of the following, thier customers, next their competetors, and then the laws and regulations that have been passed that try and keep them in check. So if you are a governmental body that is truly there for its people and not corrupt like all other governmets on the planet then great, all the power to you but I suspect that you are just as tainted as the US government when it comes to back room dealing and taking under the table payments from various companies so that they are then the favored one of the day. So who is contributing to your well being? perhaps it is Microsoft or someother company that has a proven history of being utterly impotent when it comes to search and the mobile arena. I doubt very strongly that you are currently singling out Google because of your good intentions for what is best for your people. A41202813GMAIL I Am In The Lower Left Corner Of EUROPE. This War Is Stupid And GOOGLE Are Not Defending Themselves Properly. I Want To Use GOOGLE.COM, Not GOOGLE.PT, But To Make That Change There Is Always A Silly Music Chairs Dance, Before I Can Use What I Want, Every Single Time In The Recent Months. Remember The Right To Be Forgotten ? Give In To Stupid eu Whining Excuses And You Are Screwed Forever. GOOGLE Should Make eu Countries Suffer A Blackout Of All Their Services, A Single Random Day Every Single Week, And We Will See Who Needs Who The Most - WIKIPEDIA Did Something Like That Years Ago To ITALY. GOOGLE FIBER WORLDWIDE, PLEASE ! Alan Trinder Segway moves to China. The first of many I feel and never to return. Why? Most Asian countries support their industries by protectionist laws making it impossible for foreigners to buy majority stakes in the company. Who will be next? Android is a rip off YOU ARE FORCED to leave what sky ware and other tracking software in that Google what to use to spy on you to it best financial interest to exploit. What is any forced to have a Google gmail account to use and android device? I have PAID TO OWN THAT DEVICE! I don't have to have a gigabyte email account to use their mother boards or a Microsoft email account to use windows OS so why is everyone forced to have a gmail account to use a android device?? Can you imagine the uproar if window made everyone leave in a massive amount of new tracking and spyware while forcing it to be linked to a Microsoft email account to use windows10 so it could use it for it best financial gain??? same thing!! Really thing about it.... Coldfire001 You are "forced" to input a gmail account because you want to use Google Play Store. There are other stores which require nothing of the sort. Of course you run the risk of installing malware, spyware, trojans, keyloggers among other things. It is still a risk with Google albeit smaller and I am willing to pay that "forced" cost to cover my ass. If you hate your Android phone that much you should have bought and iPhone! Scutterman I can't see how Google is being anti-competitive. There are other search engines, and consumers can choose the one with the most relevant results to them. If they wasn't happy with the pages or adverts they were getting from Google, they would use Bing, or DuckDuckGo, or Yahoo, etc. It's the same with the Android complaint. Companies are happy to abide by Google's rules in order to use the FREE operating system that Google provides. They have the technology to create their own mobile OS, and they have in the past, so they obviously see greater advantages to using Android than not. Dave Parrack 2455 articles Dave Parrack is a British writer with a fascination for all things tech. With over 10 years experience writing for online publications, he's now a Deputy Editor at MakeUseOf. Netflix to Stop Working on the Nintendo Wii Netflix Reveals What Shows People Binge-Watch First Netflix Adds a Bunch of New Profile Icons Netflix Tests Playing Ads Between Episodes Netflix Wants to Stop Paying the Apple Tax Microsoft’s 1.11 App Lets You Revisit Windows 1.0 Netflix Is Testing Collectible Patches for Kids Netflix Wants the Bird Box Challenge to Die	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9419
__label__wiki	0.638206	0.638206	"There isn't a crazy appetite for sovereignty"—Pauline Marois - Macleans.ca “There isn’t a crazy appetite for sovereignty”—Pauline Marois by Philippe Gohier My colleague Alec Castonguay, who toils over at our sister publication L’actualité, posted a first-rate interview with Pauline Marois earlier this week that’s a must-read for anyone interested in the Parti Québécois’ ongoing travails. Among the things that stood out to me was Marois’s apparent doubling-down on the policies that drove away four members of her caucus earlier this summer—namely, her insistence that a referendum shouldn’t be top-of-mind for the party. Of the nascent Nouveau Mouvement pour le Québec, aka the new home of sovereigntist hardliners in Quebec, Marois says they “should start from where Quebecers are at… There isn’t a crazy appetite for sovereignty, even if polls have us at 40-45 per cent ,” she says. (CROP pegs support for sovereignty at 38 per cent and Léger at 36 per cent, but let’s not quibble.) “Renewal isn’t about waiting for the referendum.” Good government—which, unfortunately for Charest, is more or less synonymous with “change” these days— is what Marois wants the PQ to focus on delivering. Creating a second chamber at the National Assembly that would focus on regional issues, taking over control of EI from Ottawa, increasing the constraints on companies who extract resources from Quebec’s northern regions, and broad efforts at democratic renewal are all part of what Marois describes as the PQ’s plan for “sovereigntist governance.” “The government’s actions are what will show that Quebec deserves to have all the tools to blossom.” To the extent that people have grown deeply dissatistified with the way things are managed in Quebec, Marois would appear to be onto something. The Léger poll cited above, for instance, shows a staggering 73 per cent of respondents think Quebec is headed in the wrong direction, with 44 per cent saying dramatic change is needed. So why isn’t Marois’s message getting across? Why has support for the PQ free fallen from 41 per cent a year go to 24 per cent today? The gong show that is the party’s internal politics certainly hasn’t helped. Nor has Marois’s penchant for playing a now-you-see-it-now-you-don’t shell game with the referendum question. Recall that Marois was not so long ago promising “a rupture with the waiting game” and to provoke crises with the federal government to jumpstart support for independence. (Incidentally, I’ve always found it odd that the PQ would so openly posit sovereignty as a solution in search of a problem.) But the biggest factor has been François Legault’s emergence as the chief reformist figure in the province. Like the NDP did to the Bloc on the federal scene, Legault has been able to put the squeeze on PQ by making it choose between a commitment to sovereignty and a commitment to government. (In the Bloc’s case, this took the form of a challenge to its social democratic platform, which it opted to downplay, allowing the NDP to sweep in and drink the party’s milkshake.) And a big reason Legault has gained so much traction is that, like Jack Layton, he’s not seen as an interloper. The bona fides he earned during his days in the PQ government have so far made it hard to paint him into a corner on identity and culture issues. So Marois is now trying to one-up him on policy issues instead. That could all change Monday, though, when Legault and Charles Sirois (the forgotten, decidedly more federalist co-creator of the imaginary party Legault is presumed to lead) reveal their positions on language and culture. You can bet Marois and the rest of the PQ will be looking for the slightest whiff of something they’ll be able to present as a sell-out policy. And if they find it, all bets are off regarding Marois’s sudden appetite for good government above all else. Pauline Marois PQ accomplishes the impossible—makes life easy for Liberals Who actually applauded Quebec's values charter? A tale of two patronage appointments Outraged in Quebec? Wait 10 minutes--you'll be outraged again Good for Alberta, good for Marois	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9424
__label__cc	0.641647	0.358353	Carl Icahn Asks for Accelerated Stock Repurchase Program in Letter to Apple's Tim Cook Thursday October 9, 2014 7:33 am PDT by Kelly Hodgkins In a letter addressed to Tim Cook today, activist investor Carl Icahn praises Apple for its innovation, while again asking the company to accelerate its stock repurchase program. Icahn previously pressured Apple to increase its stock buyback program to as much as $150 billion, but dropped that bid following Apple's decision to repurchase $14 billion shares in February of this year. Icahn continues to note that Apple is "dramatically undervalued in today’s market" with its shares trading at half of Icahn's estimated $203 value. This valuation is likely to change as Apple's new product lineup chips away at Android's market share. While we recognize and applaud the company’s previously increased share repurchase authorization, we ask you to consider our advice once again (to the benefit of all shareholders) and consider accelerating share repurchases again via a tender offer. Our valuation analysis tells us that Apple should trade at $203 per share today, and we believe the disconnect between that price and today’s price reflects an undervaluation anomaly that will soon disappear. Icahn calls Apple's new iPhone models "best in class" and applauds Apple for growing its mobile ecosystem of services that surround the handset, including Apple Pay, HealthKit, and more. Beyond simple price comparison, we see the iPhone as best in class, supported by expert reviews and by the lines of people all over the world waiting to buy it. Perhaps most importantly, we believe the iPhone will take market share because its merits are no longer viewed in isolation from the overall Apple ecosystem of products and services, which include iOS, iPad, Mac, Apps, App Store, iCloud, iTunes, and (more recently) Apple Watch, Apple Pay, Home, Health, Continuity, Beats. With the iPhone as the foundation, Apple’s ecosystem has come to play an important role in the daily life of Apple users, and while Apple continues to make impressive strides to improve it, the competition falls behind in what is arguably the most important race of this technological era. For its part, Apple has acknowledged Icahn's letter but given no indication on its plans for the future beyond its current policy of reviewing the capital return program on an annual basis. We always appreciate hearing from our shareholders. Since 2013 we've been aggressively executing the largest capital return program in corporate history. As we've said before, we will review the program annually and take into account the input from all of our shareholders. Icahn disclosed last year that his holding company had taken a large position in Apple with Icahn now owning 53 million shares of AAPL. Icahn's note follows Apple's April announcement of an increased stock repurchase program that authorizes the purchase of up to $90 billion in stock and a 7:1 stock split that was instituted in June 2014. As part of its capital return program, Apple pledged to return more than $130 billion to shareholders by the end of 2015. Tag: Tim Cook PinkyMacGodess Icahn is a parasite... Spanky Deluxe Oh this guy again. Trying to manipulate the market again. Eugh. longofest Let me rephrase that for you: "Accelerate the repurchasing of your stock to drive the price up faster so I can sell my shares faster and make my $ faster. I really don't care about the company's long term prospects" keysofanxiety Can't stand this guy. He's a microcosm for everything cancerous about Western civilisation. MacSince1990 Every one of his pictures makes me want to punch this guy in the face. So tired of hearing about this bullying prig. spyguy10709 This isn't a popular opinion around here, but shareholders own the company. Apple is worth more than 610 billion dollars. They're virtually printing money, and their future growth is going to be incredible. He's doing a good thing in the long run - with more value in the company, Apple can purchase more/larger corporations. When a company buys another, it's rarely done in terms of cash. It's done in stock. Under Icahn's projections, Apple would be worth over 1.4 Trillion dollars. That would allow them to acquire really, really big name players. Apple truly owes money to the shareholders... because they own Apple... If the company does well, and is just sitting on a pile of cash, it is really their responsibility to give it back... edit : Think - if they bring their stock up to a fair value, buying one of the big 2 US Cell carriers wouldn't be a problem. Or buying literally every cable company in the USA... TallManNY I have to say I agree with Icahn. Apple seems undervalued to me. The iPhone is the best in class and I agree that the smartphone market is the most important piece of technology. I also think that Apple is dominating that market and will continue to do and its dominance is on the the assent. Icahn has been right about these stock buy backs for years now. Apple and their shareholders would have gotten a fantastic return if Apple had followed his advice more whole heartedly over the last few years. Now Apple has a continuing growing stockpile. The supper successful iPhone launch (one in which people are not recognizing will include sales at a much higher price point and probably higher margins (more people will buy the 64 GB 6 and the 6+, then in the 5s launch where the most common phone sold was probably the 16gb version)) is going to add tens of billions to this cash pile over the next two quarters. And here I was thinking I'd have a good day. That mug can ruin anyone's mood. Vol7ron At least Macrumors used a different picture of him... I cant stand this guy and listening to him complain about what he wants Apple to do... BuddyTronic This guy is so shifty!!!! Did you guys read his letter? He praises Apple He is totally right, Apple has been held back. Bendgate and all this nonsense for years. Apple is way undervalued. Interest rates are so low, Apple's best investment is to buy it's own stock. And they are doing that. Why so negative on Carl Icahn?	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9425
__label__wiki	0.645686	0.645686	NAB In Depth: Powerful Video Cards Coming to the Mac By Jeffy Milstead LAS VEGAS--Here's a more in-depth look at two similar FireWire editing products showcased here at NAB. Both are based around hardware from Canadian firm Matrox, but differ in their approaches to solving a basic problem inherent to the video editing process. The problem in a nutshell: the familiar fades and cross-dissolve effects often used in combining two video clips during DV editing cause the computer to decompress each of the two frames, blend them, and compress the newly created frame. This rendering process can take significant amounts of time during a project, and those using Final Cut Pro have become used to working in this manner. This will change sometime late this year with the introduction of the homonymous RT-Max from ProMax and the RTMac from Matrox. The $999 RTMac announced at Apple's press conference this week has been under development for about a year, with two Matrox employees working at Apple's Cupertino offices for the last 6 months. This display card, with composite and S-Video inputs, is essentially a port of Matrox's existing PC hardware, the RT2000. While the RT2000 is a two-card product (one card supplies the necessary FireWire ports, the other card drives the monitor connection), the RTMac occupies a single PCI slot and uses the Macintosh's existing FireWire ports. Although it will be offered initially for the G4, Matrox is exploring compatibility with G3-based Power Macs. The RTMac will perform real-time rendering for a subset of FCP's most common effects and transitions. These will include motion effects, crossfades, the standard SMPTE wipes, and alpha gain. The more swirly, organic looking transitions shipping with its PC brother will be missing, although these and other features such as real time MPEG transcoding -- critical for creating DVD content -- can conceivably be delivered with a software update. Such is the underlying power of the chips used in the design. Part of the legs that will deliver real-time page turns and other eye-popping effects is the 3D warping engine present in the G400 chip used that drives the display. The Matrox RTMac will be offered as part of a build-to-order system option on Apple's web site. A significant gating factor for both Matrox and ProMax products will be the availability of the "real time" version of FCP. Note that this version is expected to ship some months after the just-announced version 1.2.5 of FCP that is slated for June introduction. ProMax's RT-Max is closer in many ways to the PC version of the Matrox card than it is to Matrox's Mac product. This $1495 system consists of an AGP graphics card with an internal cable to a PCI compression card. The graphics card features two monitor connections, enabling it to operate in "two-headed" mode, driving two macintosh desktops (except when outputting video), or with one RGB desktop display and a separate NTSC video output. The graphics card is actually a port of the popular Matrox G400 AGP card sold to the PC market. The Mac version will support OpenGL and RAVE and will be available alone for $269. A $69 DVI digital flat panel interface will be sold as an option, but will sacrifice one connector slot on the back panel in the process. Note that Apple ships the AGP slot of their G4 machines populated with the ATI RAGE Pro card, which would have to be removed to accommodate the RT-Max. ProMax will differentiate their product by offering features that Matrox won't ship in their first release of software, such as real-time color correction and DV-to-MPEG2 transcoding. ProMax also doesn't intend to stand idle while waiting for Apple to deliver the real-time version of Final Cut Pro; they prefer to get their system into the hands of users sooner rather than later, albeit with more limited functionality than what the board combined with Final Cut Pro will deliver. History shows that waiting for Apple isn't always the healthiest approach for a developer to take. Digital Origin turned to developing the PC version of their FireWire editing package after waiting for Apple to deliver fixes to the FireWire software that would allow Digital Origin's software to run reliably on Apple's built-in FireWire ports. Fast compression/decompression is at the heart of the RT-Max and the RTMac. The same nimble DVExpress chip that gives the Wired, Inc. MediaPress card the ability to perform real-time MPEG-2 encoding is also found in both products, with the RT-Max adding a companion DVExplorer chip for back-end processing. The DVEpress, from compression industry stalwart C-Cubed Microsystems ( www.c-cube.com ), is capable of either compressing a single video stream or decompressing two independent streams of video. It can transcode a DV-to-MPEG stream in real time and supports a variety of compression formats via microcode. This means that features such as the support for higher-end CODECs like DV50 utilized in higher-end DV cameras can be added later via software. And any hardware upgrade that doesn't require opening the machine means that video editors can spend more time doing what they prefer: editing. Senior Lab Analyst JEFFY MILSTEAD ( jmilstead@macworld.com ) is the video guru of the Macworld Lab.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9426
__label__cc	0.611785	0.388215	Johansson, Sterling K. Brown among SAG Awards presenters Scarlett Johansson, Sterling K. Brown and Taika Waititi will be up for Screen Actors Guild Awards and also handing them out ... Don Draper, Eleven, Selina Meyer lead AP roles of the decade Critics say we’re in an era called Peak TV, with hundreds of original scripted streaming, cable, and broadcast series ... Complete list of nominees for 26th SAG Awards A list of the nominees for the 26th annual Screen Actors Guild Awards, announced Wednesday in West Hollywood, California: ... Broadcast TV shut out of Globe nods, Netflix edges HBO The Golden Globe TV nominations were most striking not for what they included, but what they didn't: The traditional ... Holiday TV forecast: a sleighful of movies, music, a Grinch There are enough holiday TV movies to overturn Santa’s sleigh this season, with Oprah Winfrey’s OWN channel and a new ... Review: ‘Waves’ explores the ebb, flow of a family’s love Rarely has a movie’s title been so apt as that of “Waves,” a film that makes you feel like you’ve been knocked flat over by ... ‘Frozen 2’ aiming to build on the power of the original When Idina Menzel first started performing “Let It Go” live in concerts, she thought the lyrics and soaring vocals would ... Review: An evolved iceman? Kristoff steps up in ‘Frozen 2’ Picture this: A princess is in distress. It looks bad. Her dashing young man rides up in the nick of time and says, “Here I ... With success and offers, Sterling K. Brown learns to say no With a hit TV series, awards, plus film and TV opportunities, Sterling K. Brown admits he’s experienced “a lot of pinch me ... 'This Is Us' takes on race, class and teenage love in Philly Two high schoolers are testing their fledgling relationship with a day on the town, a classic start to a screen romance. AP PHOTOS: How the stars shined on Emmy Awards carpet There was no shortage of color on the carpet at Sunday's Emmy Awards, with television's biggest stars donning everything from ... Billy Porter makes Emmys history and the category is 'love' And the category, a jubilant Billy Porter said as he made Emmys history, "is love, y'all, love." Porter, known for making ... The Latest: Arquette, Whishaw win Emmys The Latest on the 71st annual Emmy Awards, being presented at the Microsoft Theater (all times local): 6 p.m. The Emmy Award ... 'Game of Thrones,' 'Veep' make last Emmy Awards stand "Game of Thrones" has dominated the Emmy Awards with the formidable power of, say, your average fearsome, flame-belching ... Disney teases 'Star Wars,' 'Frozen 2,' more at convention At the Walt Disney Company's biannual D23 convention, a faint image of the "Star Wars" character Emperor Palpatine in the ...	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9432
__label__cc	0.715134	0.284866	With our global platform and our experienced and practical team of cybersecurity and data privacy lawyers, our firm can serve clients across a full range of domestic, international and cross-border privacy issues. The cybersecurity landscape is evolving more rapidly than ever before, and the threats to businesses’ critical information and assets—as well as to their bottom lines—are only increasing. Breaches continue to grow in scale and sophistication, regulators are crowding the field with an expanding and shifting array of requirements and de facto standards, and litigation remains perilous. Now, more than ever, businesses must think strategically about the cyber threats they face—whether to consumer or employee information, intellectual property or product safety—and take practical steps to address the associated legal, business and reputational risks. Mayer Brown brings a comprehensive and integrated approach to cybersecurity and data privacy challenges, offering our clients strategic thinking and practical legal advice. Our practice is comprised of more than 50 lawyers worldwide from disciplines that include litigation, regulatory, corporate, government affairs and global trade, intellectual property, enforcement, employment, insurance and technology transactions. We leverage our broad and deep experience in these key disciplines to build tailored teams to address the specific issues that our clients face. This approach to our Cybersecurity & Data Privacy practice distinguishes us from other firms that rely on “one size fits all” privacy and security lawyers who attempt to cover the waterfront of these ever-increasing and complex issues. The firm’s global platform enables us to provide exceptional service to our clients across the globe. Mayer Brown and affiliated lawyers located throughout the Americas, Europe and Asia have deep knowledge and a practical understanding of the cybersecurity and data privacy statutes and regulations in their home countries and surrounding regions. This experience and global capability allows us to address a client’s most complex international cybersecurity and data privacy issues, whether they require advice on creating an enterprise-wide privacy framework, counsel on international data transfers, or assistance in responding to a data breach in multiple jurisdictions. Together, our lawyers help clients respond proactively to international developments such as the Safe Harbor decision or the release of the General Data Protection Regulation in Europe or changes to the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance in Hong Kong. In addition, our practice maintains an extensive network of local counsel in countries where we do not have offices and with whom our lawyers liaise as needed. The rise of AI and WIPO consultation on intellectual property issues White House Proposes Binding AI Principles for Regulators Cookies Consent: CNIL Steps in with a Proposal for Compliance Financial Services Regulatory & Enforcement Key Issues – Connected & Autonomous Vehicles Preparing for and Responding to Cybersecurity Incidents, Second Edition Cybersecurity Regulation in the United States: Governing Frameworks and Emerging Trends Staying Ahead of the Curve: Cybersecurity and Data Privacy–Hot Topics for Global Businesses Cybersecurity and Data Privacy: Navigating a Constantly Changing Landscape Mayer Brown’s global Cybersecurity & Data Privacy practice addresses the full range of legal, business and reputational risks posed by cyber threats and data privacy obligations. We help clients prioritize and manage these risks in a proactive and coordinated manner across their enterprises, with a focus on the following core areas. Incident Preparation & Breach Response Helping clients assess the particular data they hold and the unique risks they face, including the loss of trade secrets or personal information, or threats to product safety. Assisting clients in the development of written information security plans and incident response plans, and evaluating those plans through tabletops and other exercises. Counseling clients as members of incident response teams, including by guiding investigations, liaising with law enforcement, advising on notification obligations, preserving privilege and managing crisis communications. Vigorously defending clients after cybersecurity incidents, including the breach of consumer or employee information, and leveraging our extensive experience in class action defense in suits brought under a broad range of state and federal laws. Litigating cutting-edge data privacy and cybersecurity issues in the highest courts, including with respect to Article III standing under the US Constitution, and other dispositive questions. Responding to investigations by federal and state agencies, negotiating with multi-state investigatory teams, and representing clients in administrative adjudications and resulting civil actions. Strategic Counseling & Corporate Governance Advising corporate boards and senior management in the development of enterprise-wide cybersecurity and data privacy programs. Evaluating the effectiveness of existing internal cyber and privacy governance mechanisms, including through the assessment of written policies and procedures. Vendor & Supply Chain Management, Contracting, and Data Transfers Counseling on the legal risks associated with third-party vendors, global supply chain contracts and customer agreements, including mitigation of risk through deal structuring, contractual protections and ongoing governance. Providing legal guidance on technology outsourcing and cloud computing agreements. Advising companies on privacy, data protection and data transfer matters, including on appropriate global data transfer arrangements in connection with third-party provider agreements. Advising clients on their obligations under regulatory regimes around the world, including with respect to cybersecurity and privacy requirements, incident reporting and international data transfers. Engaging in the development of regulatory policy, both through notice and comment rulemaking and more informal means, with respect to cybersecurity and privacy issues. Conducting privacy audits and assisting with the preparation of global compliance programs for the various data protection regimes to which a multinational company may be subject. Helping clients engage with the US Congress, both with respect to pending legislation and in response to investigations of all kinds and degrees of formality. Developing thought leadership and messaging strategies to support client business objectives in policy engagement and advocacy regarding cybersecurity and digital privacy. Celebrate Data Privacy Day 2020 US Chemical Forum May 20 – 21 2020 Cybersecurity Law Institute Georgetown Law 5 Cybersecurity & Privacy Predictions For 2020 Mayer Brown advises Avedon on the acquisition of Hauck Women in Data 2019 Global Data Review Mayer Brown partner Michelle Ontiveros Gross named to Profiles in Diversity Journal’s 2019 “Women Worth Watching” list Mayer Brown to serve as Cyberspace Solarium Commission’s pro bono cybersecurity and national security counsel Rajesh De rde@mayerbrown.com Gabriela Kennedy gabriela.kennedy@mayerbrown.com Charles-Albert Helleputte chelleputte@mayerbrown.com Oliver Yaros oyaros@mayerbrown.com Mark A. Prinsley mprinsley@mayerbrown.com Frankfurt Düsseldorf Dr. Guido Zeppenfeld LLM gzeppenfeld@mayerbrown.com	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9434
__label__cc	0.703931	0.296069	To improve and personalise your visit we use first and third party marketing and analytical cookies. By using this site you agree to this. You can withdraw your consent at any time. See our Cookie notice for information on how to block or disable cookies. Move with ease Retirement Living PLUS Lifestyle Living Social life and community Making your move Part buy, part rent Need help? Call us free on: Start your search now: Retirement Properties for Sale Oakhill Place 49 Oakhill Place 1-56, Oakhill Place, High View, Bedford, Bedfordshire, MK41 8FB View on map Opening hours: Monday - Sunday, 10:30am - 5pm Property purchase from Buy Outright / Part Buy Part Rent / Rental available Apartment 49, The Kilpin is situated on the first floor and features a Juliet balcony, large living/dining room an integrated kitchen. A modern living space We provide a range of quality appliances, including waist height oven, ceramic hob and integral fridge/freezer. Everything is laid out to make cooking and cleaning as effortless as possible. Luxury and comfort are at the core of our bedrooms. We provide generous storage with either a walk-in wardrobe or fitted wardrobe to the main bedroom. Our spacious living rooms are both light and neutral décor, making it is easy to add your own personal touches to your living area. What you can expect to pay Take a look through our Retirement Living PLUS service charge costs. Each year, we help residents set the budget that they need for retirement. Although we cannot guarantee that our Retirement Living PLUS service charges will remain the same for year to year, our many statutory safeguards will remain in place, to ensure that your opinions are recognised and acknowledged when defining budgets. Please note that not all the listed costs below apply for our Retirement Living PLUS properties. Also, our charges are calculated on an average sized development. You can find more information on our service charges here and for full details on a specific development please speak to your sales consultant. Electricity, heating and lighting (communal areas) Water and sewage (communal areas and apartments) Maintenance of building and gardens Building Insurance Future maintenance fund Income to Guest Suite and sundry income 4% of your service charge 3% of your service charge* Not applicable in Scotland* Communal cleaning, contract cleaning of window and garden/ground upkeep and regular maintenance servicing. Individual home and contents insurance not included. 41% of your service charge Estate Manager staff costs, including training and call out allowance. Contingency fund. Long term asset replacement, and interior and exterior re-decorations. Management fees and accounts. Bank charges and audit fee. Income from Guest Suite and sundry income will be deducted from the development ongoing Service Charges. Electricity, heating and lighting (apartments) Ground Rent Phone / Broadband TV Licence and/or TV service *Ground Rent is a separate charge, paid independently of the service charge. Will costs increase after I move in? How are budgets set? Is it more expensive to live in one of your apartments than my current home? Do I need to pay ground rent, how much is it and how is it set? Do your service charge budgets proposed at the start of the year prove to be accurate? Are there any fees that are payable on selling or letting? Our service charges are fixed on an annual cycle and reflect the costs of the services we procure on behalf of our homeowners. We share the individual costs that make up the service charge with homeowners and outline the methods for calculating the resulting charge. The service charge for each year is agreed in consultation with homeowners through an open book budgeting process. We do our very best to negotiate the best cost with third party service providers on behalf of our homeowners. As part of our system of checks and controls to ensure they are treated fairly, we regularly monitor service charges in our managed schemes against current market practices and third party providers to ensure we offer competitive rates. We have developed a simple chart to help Customers make a direct comparison for use during the sales process and a full breakdown of the service charge budget is available from our Sales teams and House Managers at all new developments Many of our homeowners are pleased to find that the service charges for their apartment tend to work out at less than what they were paying in like-for-like costs at their previous property. Energy bills often turn out to be lower thanks to the modern construction methods we use at all our developments. Your new apartment is also likely to be a more manageable size and so cheaper to run. When Customers discuss the purchase of a McCarthy & Stone apartment with us, they receive a service charge leaflet and our Sales Executive sits down with them to help them fill in the costs, review what is covered in the management services and compare them to day-to-day running costs in their current home. Our Sales Executive ensures that they have a detailed knowledge of ongoing costs before a sale is completed Ground rents are payable on leasehold properties in England and Wales. As with all leasehold properties in England and Wales, ground rents are a condition of the lease for our apartments. They are set by McCarthy & Stone at the outset of the development and are clearly highlighted during the sales process to all customers. The level of ground rent reflects the size of the development and the level of service it provides. Our ground rents are typically between c.£400-£500 per year depending on the product, number of bedrooms and location. Our regional teams can provide more detail if needed. Within the M25 area, they range from c.£500-£600 per year. Our regional teams can provide more detail if needed. Ground Rents are fixed for 15 years. They are reviewed on the fifteenth anniversary of the date of commencement of the term and each successive fifteenth anniversary from that date. Increases are linked to either the movement in the Retail Price Index (RPI) since the last review, or if greater, by 2% per annum, and is compounded yearly. There are differences between one and two bed apartments. McCarthy & Stone sets the difference at a figure which it considers fairly reflects the size difference in apartments. While it would be possible to base the difference on actual square footage, this would be a complicated exercise and would lead to minor variations in ground rents between comparable apartments within any given development which would be administratively complex and could cause confusion. The ground rent does not increase after the 125th anniversary even though our new leases are for a term of 999 years. The service charge budgets represent those costs that would be expected to be incurred in a normal year of operation with a full development. It is the intention of McCarthy & Stone Management Services to ensure the service charge budgets are set as accurately as possible. Where possible, we try to keep annual increases in line with inflation although certain costs such as Utilities can have inflationary pressures that are outside of our control. Typically, our developments have shown a slight surplus to date, which is refunded each year to homeowners within six months of the end of the period. It is important that customers do not face any unexpected financial burdens in their new home resulting from, for example, the need to undertake any major refurbishment or structural repairs on the development. In order to provide confidence that there is enough money available to meet this work, the service charge includes a small charge to help cover unexpected costs such as these. This is called the Contingency Fund, and is similar to a ‘sinking fund’. It is a specific fund kept in the development’s own bank account. It is held in trust and its use is restricted to the maintenance of that development and cannot be accessed by McCarthy & Stone. It is there for the benefit of all homeowners and finances the replacement of carpets and furniture in the shared areas and longer-term repairs and renewals such as roofs, window frames and replacement of lifts. In order to keep this weekly cost – and hence the service charge – to a minimum, the development’s specific Contingency Fund is ‘topped up’ by a one-off charge of 1% of the resale price upon the sale of the apartment, in addition to a small charge in the service charge. With regard to subletting on leases prior to October 2014, we will charge a concessionary rate (irrespective of the provisions in the lease, which may be higher) of one month’s rent for each year that the apartment is sublet (or pro-rata for less than a year). This is a concession from the terms of the lease which are in essence one month’s rent for each six month sublet period. This concession will apply for a maximum period of two years, after which time we will revert to the terms of the lease. For leases from October 2014, the subletting contingency fee has been reduced to a contingency fee of 1% of the annual rent (or pro-rata for under-letting of less than one year). Where the underletting is for more than a year, the contingency fee is 1% of the annual rent payable annually on the anniversary of the commencement of the term. There is also a small administration fee collected by MSMS / YLMS to cover their costs to check that the incoming occupier meets the terms of the deed of conditions (i.e. meets the age criteria and is capable of leading an independent life) and provide information about the development, the service charge and insurance. Contact our Property Transfer team on 01202 508299 for more details. Estimated total Service Charge and Ground Rent Charge per week: Service Charge £174.52 £131.89 Ground Rent £9.69 £8.26 Total £184.21 £140.15 1-56, Oakhill Place, High View, Bedford, Bedfordshire, MK41 8FB There's plenty to keep you busy in this peaceful part of Bedford. Just 0.2 miles from the development you’ll find Bowhill Park, which is a beautiful spot for a stroll. Goldington Green Park and Bedford Cricket Club are both within 0.5 miles and Putnoe Library is also just 0.6 miles away. For all the essentials, you can find supermarkets like Co-op and Aldi within 0.7 miles. Getting to Location If you are using a Sat Nav system you may need the full address of this development. The postcode is newly created by Royal Mail and may not be accurate for some months. Print a map Resales © McCarthy & Stone (Developments) Ltd	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9435
__label__cc	0.570435	0.429565	OBG Management Issues Annals essays portray ob.gyns. unfairly Publish date: August 18, 2015 David M. Jaspan, DO In the upcoming issue of Annals of Internal Medicine, there are two articles that highlight highly unprofessional and unethical behavior by physicians toward their female patients. I have read “Our Family Secrets” and “On Being a Doctor: Shining a Light in the Dark Side” multiple times and shared the stories with ob.gyn. residents, faculty, and medical students (Ann Intern Med. 2015 doi: 10.7326/M14-2168; doi: 10.7326/M15-1144). Thus, you may say that the mission of opening a dialogue on professionalism was accomplished. My initial reactions remain unchanged. I am offended that the authors chose the pathway of shock value to illicit a visceral response. Though there is merit in the conversation, publishing two stories from the field of obstetrics and gynecology is irresponsible and inflammatory. I am certain that the editors could have taken additional time to identify similar stories from other fields that would have led to the same response. Dr. David M. Jaspan Further, I would have expected the article to include the fact that those in women’s health are caring, compassionate, and empathic providers, and these examples represent extreme actions. No one in the field of women’s health would find these behaviors acceptable. To paint the field of obstetrics and gynecology with a broad stroke breaks down the relationship that we seek to foster with our internal medicine colleagues. Publishing such stories in Annals without seeking comment from the ob.gyn. community feels as if someone is talking behind my back. I cannot stare at my pen and maintain my silence. I feel the need to take on the role of the ”anesthesiologist” portrayed in “Our Family Secrets” and respectfully request that we collaborate as professionals to create a culture of mutual respect, accountability, and understanding. The understanding that doctors are human, and that sometimes the stress of the responsibility provokes behavior that we would like to be forgiven for. We should continue to work toward creating a medical community where such behaviors are never tolerated and medical students, nurses, residents, and colleagues feel safe to immediately put an end to all disrespectful actions. I applaud Annals for addressing professionalism, respect, and personal accountability. Certainly, we should all strive to be better. Dr. Jaspan is chairman of the department of obstetrics and gynecology, chief of gynecology, director of minimally invasive and pelvic surgery, and associate residency program director at the Einstein Medical Center in Philadelphia. He is an associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the Thomas Jefferson University, also in Philadelphia. Weight program effective for breast cancer survivors Subscribe to OBG Management Subscribe to Ob.Gyn. News Preterm Birth News for Your Practice Drugs, Pregnancy & Lactation Gynecologic Oncology Consult TRANSforming Gynecology Gynecologic Surgeons Unscrubbed Arnold Advincula's Surgical Techniques From Society of Gynecologic Surgeons Quizzes and Polls GYN Image Quiz OBG Management Digital Editions Subscribe to Ob.Gyn News	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9438
__label__wiki	0.785693	0.785693	25.67 GBX Funds we manage Mercia Platform Mercia Venture & EIS Funds Mercia EIS Investment Funds IM and reviews EIS Fund Performance About EIS EIS blog Tax benefits of EIS EIS investor centre Private Equity Growth Funds Debt & Business Loan Funds Mercia careers Mercia values Mercia people Mercia Spirit Mercia EIS Funds MFM increases university support; invests in online academic and commercial collaboration platform, IN-PART Mercia Fund Management (MFM), a leading technology investor with a focus on the Midlands, the North and Scotland, has made its first investment into IN-PART, which streamlines the discovery and commercialisation of innovative academic research. The investment, which was made via MFM’s University Growth Fund, totals £300,000 and will allow IN-PART to build on its team to accelerate international expansion, implement new marketing initiatives, and continue product development, which will see new features added to the service. Based in the Kroto Innovation Centre at the University of Sheffield, IN-PART provides a convenient solution for university technology transfer offices (TTOs) and businesses – from SMEs to blue chips – to find and collaborate with each other. In November, the company beat more than 100 digital companies to be crowned as one of Tech North’s Northern Stars, a competition aimed at identifying the top ten digital start-ups in the North of England. The winning package will see the founders travel to the SXSW festival in Austin, Texas, to showcase the IN-PART system. Unlike other similar platforms, IN-PART is specifically for university research, which has traditionally struggled to communicate with businesses, due to the lack of simple communication channels between relevant, engaged parties. Previously, university business teams have relied on ‘cold-contact’ methods, without any prior information on who the most suitable person is to speak to within the target company. IN-PART’s system provides a clear, concise and relevant catalogue of high-quality contacts, all of whom must work both in industry and R&D; in order to gain access to the platform. It allows companies to perform tailored searches for research that could be a potential asset to their business, whilst also helping universities and TTOs to display their current academic developments. The service also provides detailed metrics in ‘Impact Reports’, along with tailored support for universities subscribing to the system. Since its launch in January 2014, IN-PART has gone from six universities and 25 companies to 50 universities and over 400 companies using the platform. IN-PART is now looking to expand its services to the USA, Asia and Australia, and has already identified key early adopters in each jurisdiction ahead of further internationalisation in 2016. Investment Manager Brijesh Roy, who works with MFM’s Head of Technology Transfer to find and support university spinouts from both MFM’s partners and other institutions, said: “I am pleased to provide IN-PART with its first early-stage investment from MFM. I have first-hand experience of the struggles faced by university technology transfer offices trying to make industry connections. IN-PART’s curated platform transforms this inefficient and resource intensive process, making it quick and simple for universities to connect to relevant companies. In less than two years, IN-PART has become a dominant portal to find technology from UK universities and the investment will accelerate the ongoing international expansion into the US, Europe and Asia. “This investment also complements Mercia’s commitment to support the wealth of scalable technology that universities can provide, particularly in our focus regions of the Midlands, the North and Scotland.” Patrick Speedie, Co-Founder of IN-PART, said: “We’re extremely excited about moving into the next stage of IN-PART’s development as we look to add additional features for both university and company users, as well as expanding into new international markets, and Mercia Fund Management represents an ideal investment partner to help evolve our system. We’ve been very impressed by MFM’s knowledge of technology transfer and the difficulties surrounding university/industry collaboration, and we feel confident that they share our vision for connecting the sectors in a new and intuitive way. Together, we feel we can have an even greater impact on bringing university research to the wider world.” The University Growth Fund was launched last year to support the commercialisation of university IP. For more information about our funds, please visit our website. http://www.merciafund.co.uk/investors/investors/ Direct Investments nDreams makes continuing commercial progress Northern VCTs Northern VCTs' 2020 Offer – Now Open Completion of acquisition Invest in Mercia Investment from Mercia Working for Mercia The specialist regional asset manager Mercia Asset Management PLC comprises Mercia Fund Management Limited, Enterprise Ventures Limited and EV Business Loans Limited, which are authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Mercia Asset Management is listed on AIM with the epic 'MERC'. Latest tweets from @Mercia_PLC "nDreams has once again demonstrated the leadership team’s ability to identify new opportunities". Read the latest news we have issued on portfolio company @nDreamsVR this morning bit.ly/388N4PQ. #VR #GamingNews pic.twitter.com/OIwi1k38F3 Stay up to date with Mercia Receive updates, project launches and useful articles straight to your inbox. Copyright © 2020 Mercia Asset Management.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9439
__label__wiki	0.70901	0.70901	Mike was an extension of our executive team. He sat at the table with us where we set strategy, he helped create and nurture the culture we wanted, and he helped us select the people who could move our business forward. Dan Tarantin(former CEO) Jackson Hewitt, Progeny Marketing Innovations and Direct General Insurance Mike Fitzgerald has an inherent gift for developing and leading people. From talent identification to strategic programming and facilitation, Mike is thoughtful, deliberate, and profound. He knows talent and inspires authentic development in next generation leadership. Juliette Christie, Ph.D., M.A.(Program Manager) Office of Executive Programs, Terry College of Business/University of Georgia While leading change at State Bank, Mike reinvented HR to become an extraordinary Talent and Leadership Development program. He is selflessly devoted to ensuring the right people in an organization are provided the opportunity to reach their full career potential. Tom Wiley(CEO) State Bank and Trust Company, Cadence Bank Mike Fitzgerald led the building of our talent management infrastructure and orchestrated the development of an excellent leadership development program for our emerging leaders. He has a gift for building customized solutions for unique situations. Joe Evans(Chairman) State Bank and Trust Company, (Vice Chairman) Cadence Bancorporation For more than 9 years I’ve witnessed the unique talent and passion of Mike Fitzgerald first-hand. He has done more in developing young talent than anyone I have witnessed in my long career. He is a humble servant leader, driven to develop future leaders. Jim Balkcom(Chairman) TalentQuest, Espri Gas, and Council Capital. (Civilian Aide) to Secretary of the Army for Georgia Mike has a proven track record of elevating the next generation of leaders. He creates innovative and thought-provoking programs that build camaraderie and critical skills at the same time. Jennifer Eggers(Managing Partner) LeaderShift Insights Mike Fitzgerald is extremely talented at identifying and developing leaders. He works collaboratively and balances his vision with an openness to other ideas and approaches. He expertly moves among various roles, including design, selection, assessment, and teaching. Mike Jenkins, Ph.D(CEO) J. Michael Jenkins & Associates. (Former Senior Associate Director of Executive Programs) University of Georgia Terry College of Business. Mike knows how to find the people who can help reshape the future. Peter Aceto(CEO) CannTrust. (Former Chief Risk Officer, General Counsel, Chief Lending Officer) ING DIRECT USA. (Former CEO) Tangerine Bank/ING DIRECT Canada Mike and his people know our business. They know how we make money. They know how we provide value to our customers. They helped us build a team with great skill, passion, focus and commitment. Tom OsgoodExecutive Vice President, Xenith Bank I worked alongside Mike as a banker, and again as a client of Fitzgerald MSI. He exercises the same skill, work ethic and sound judgment as a consultant. We hired winners. Kevin TierneyExecutive Vice President, Abington Savings Bank Mike knows that we’re very busy people, so he did his best not to waste our time. He did his homework. He learned our products, our culture and the way we do business. He found people who could do the job, and more importantly, could work in our company and with our people. Rick PerlesFormer Head of Human Resources, ING Direct Home Select Develop Coach Solutions About Us Articles Testimonials Contact Us Fitzgerald MSI 27606 Lakeway Trail Lane ©2020 - Fitzgerald MSI Privacy Policy • Terms of Service • Accessibility Statement	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9441
__label__cc	0.637683	0.362317	Purification and Characterization of Cytoplasmic Proteins Synthesized in the Developing Forespores of Bacillus subtilis during Sporulation Kazuhito Watabe, Mariko Takesue, Tamae Yamashita, Tomio Ichikawa and Masaomi Kondo First Published: 01 August 1983 https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-129-8-2501 SUMMARY: Forespores of Bacillus subtilis 60015 were isolated from sporulating cells at t 5 and were incubated with an amino acid mixture containing [14C]phenylalanine. Three species of 14C-labelled cytoplasmic proteins synthesized in the forespores were purified to homogeneity by gel filtration in the presence of detergents and by ion-exchange chromatography. The molecular weights of the purified proteins, called A, B and C, were estimated by SDS-PAGE as 24200, 11500 and 12700, respectively. Protein B contained remarkably high amounts of tyrosine (23.8%) and alanine (22.8%), and proteins A and C contained relatively high amounts of glutamate + glutamine, glycine, and alanine (10.4 to 13.3%). The synthesis of these proteins can provide markers for the control events in the forespore compartment during sporulation. © Society for General Microbiology, 1983 /content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-129-8-2501 http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-129-8-2501 10.1099/00221287-129-8-2501	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9442
__label__cc	0.516312	0.483688	By Mitchell News-Journal on Friday, January 10, 2020 Small Image SPRUCE PINE – Security cameras may not deter crime, but they can help catch criminals. Peoples Furniture in downtown Spruce Pine reported at 4:30 p.m. Thursday, Dec. 30, one of its vehicles, a white 2010 GMC Sierra, had been stolen from a parking spot in front of the business at 274 Oak Avenue. Security cameras put in place by Peoples Furniture clearly showed a female getting in the truck and driving away. The keys were in the vehicle. After receiving photos of the suspect, the Spruce Pine Police Department received several tips about the female’s identity and on Friday, Jan. 3, arrested Candice Nicole Wing, 31, of 1558 US 70, Valdese. Wing has been charged with larceny of a motor vehicle and misdemeanor larceny. After the truck was located in Morganton, it was determined an $800 curio cabinet and $400 worth of tools were stolen from the truck, as were the wheels and tires, its GPS system, dryer cords, brakes, catalytic converter, battery and computer system. “With the assistance of the Burke County Sheriff’s Office and the North Carolina SBI, we were able to locate the suspect and vehicle in Morganton,” said Captain Kasey Cook, of the Spruce Pine Police Department. “The vehicle was found approximately 300 yards in the woods behind a residence. It goes to show what good police work can be accomplished with help from the community and other law enforcement agencies.” Peoples Furniture owners Ken and Trish Waldroup paid to have security cameras installed after a pair of past thefts. At some point overnight Monday, Jan. 29, 2018, someone stole all four wheels and tires off a 2015 full-size Chevrolet Colorado truck belonging to Peoples Furniture parked in the public parking lot behind the Mitchell News-Journal. The center caps were also stolen off a Peoples-owned 2010 GMC Sierra. Travis Lee Blevins, 41, of Burnsville, was later convicted of felony larceny and felony simple possession for the crime, and the court deemed Blevins a habitual felon. A Newland woman was observed on surveillance cameras in October 2017 stealing pieces from a fall scene belonging to Peoples and was charged with misdemeanor larceny. “All three of our thefts are from repeat offenders that have long histories of theft in multiple counties,” Trish Waldroup said. “We are not being targeted.”	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9459
__label__wiki	0.885853	0.885853	Classical Sensation Chad Lawson Reinvents Chopin with DPA Microphones robp@dpagan.com ⋅ Oct 23, 2014 Unique Muted Hammer and Felt Sound Captured by Company’s d:dicate™ 4011A Cardioid Stereo Kit CHARLOTTE, NC, OCTOBER 23, 2014 – Debuting on iTunes Classical at #1 even before its official release and raising in the ranks on the Billboard Classical charts, The Chopin Variations by celebrated pianist and composer Chad Lawson, violinist Judy Kang and cellist Rubin Kodheli, takes the familiar sounds of Chopin and recasts each composition in a new light. To accomplish this, Lawson used his Steinway piano to create a slightly muted, ethereal sound, captured entirely by DPA microphones. The positioning of d:dicate 4011A Cardioid Stereo Kit was critical to translate the desired mood into Lawson’s latest recording. Lawson wanted a mic solution that would illustrate the internal workings of his Steinway for his latest album, which was recorded in his home studio using the d:dicate 4011A Cardioid Stereo Kit. Introduced to him by an engineer during his previous record, Lawson now relies on the mics for projecting the most accurate natural sound of his piano. “I have used many great microphones in major recording studios, and the pair of DPA 4011As really did the job by capturing every nuance of each note, giving me the exact sound I was looking to portray,” says Lawson. “I was trying to find a way to really highlight a certain sound, in addition to the movement of the piano action itself, and I found the 4011As simply recreated the entire life of the performance.” Breaking away from more traditional piano miking schemes where a stereo pair would be placed over the harp and sound board, Lawson experimented with the 4011As by placing the stereo pair over the hammers, just close enough to deliver a sense of the mechanical workings of the piano, but far enough away for the listener to hear the full, albeit muted, frequency range of the instrument. “I worked with several placements for the microphones, especially concerning the stereo field. DPA’s microphones are so accurate that I simply placed one mic over the treble strings and one over the bass section,” continues Lawson. “I give full credit to the 4011As, they’re just so unbelievable in the way they rendered the tone of what I was trying to do. Since using the 4011A microphones, I have definitely become an advocate for DPA and its products.” The Chopin Variations is Lawson’s fourth album. Additional albums include his first solo album, Set on a Hill (2009), produced and recorded by Grammy® Award-winner and founder of the Windham Hill Label, Will Ackerman, The Piano (2011) and The Space Between (2013). ABOUT DPA: DPA Microphones is the leading Danish Professional Audio manufacturer of high-quality condenser microphone solutions for professional applications. DPA’s ultimate goal is to always provide its customers with the absolute finest possible microphone solutions for all its markets, which include live sound, installation, recording, theatre and broadcast. When it comes to the design process, DPA takes no shortcuts. Nor does the company compromise on its manufacturing process, which is done at the DPA factory in Denmark. As a result, DPA’s products are globally praised for their exceptional clarity and transparency, unparalleled specifications, supreme reliability and, above all, pure, uncolored and undistorted sound. For more information on DPA Microphones, please visit www.dpamicrophones.com. DPA Microphones Features Its Sought After Broadcast Microphones at NAB 2016 A DPA! A DPA! My Kingdom For A DPA! DPA Microphones Expands d:vote™ Instrument Microphones with New Line of Mounts Nashville Chamber Orchestra’s Classical Musicians Get DPA Microphones DPA Microphones – Win $2,800 For Sharing Your DPA Experience DPA Microphones Launches the Ultimate in Podium Microphones at InfoComm 2013	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9460
__label__wiki	0.792726	0.792726	MenuTop storiesBracketScheduleBracket Challenge login Bracket Challenge login Super-subs come through again for Philadelphia Union in historic playoff win over New York Red Bulls October 20, 20198:36PM EDT Matthew RalphContributor Follow@ MattRalph_tBG CHESTER, Pa. — For the second time this year, contributions from the bench lifted the Philadelphia Union to an improbable comeback win over the New York Red Bulls, this time on a historic night that saw the Union win a playoff game for the first time in franchise history. Back in June, it was Ilsinho off the bench that sparked a comeback from 2-0 at the half. In Sunday's Round One Eastern Conference matchup in the Audi 2019 MLS Cup Playoffs, it was a trio of substitutes — Ilsinho, Fafa Picault and Marco Fabian — that helped bring the Union back from a 3-1 halftime deficit. “I can’t take credit for anything that was said, done or tactics,” Union head coach Jim Curtin said. “It wasn’t about tactics, it was more about rolling your sleeves up and having Ilsinho on your bench helps also. He’s been a guy that can come in and change the game. Our roster is a deep one. I don’t think many teams in our league can go and bring an Ilsinho, a Fafa Picault and a Marco Fabian off the bench and they all impact the game in the way that they do.” Picault headed home the equalizer in the 78th minute and Fabian scored in stoppage time of the first period of extra time off an assist from Picault. Ilsinho, meanwhile, didn’t make it onto the score sheet but his injection of energy helped the Union push a tiring Red Bulls team in a second half that was controlled by the home side. SeatGeek has great deals for future MLS matches GET TICKETS Official Ticketing Partner of Major League Soccer “I was warming up waiting for the right time to come in and it came, [Curtin] called me over told me to switch it up make a difference,” Picault said. “I’m always going to give everything for Jim; he’s been a good coach, I believe he trusts me and that’s what I want to do is prove him right whenever I’m on the field.” The Red Bulls grabbed a 2-0 lead inside the first half hour and after Union captain Alejandro Bedoya pulled a goal back in the 30th minute, a costly drop from Andre Blake led to an easy tap-in for Tom Barlow just before the break. While the Union created a slew of chances in the second half, they also had the benefit of the wind at their back and had some bounces fall their way on the rain-soaked field at Talen Energy Stadium. “It becomes a game of randomness and field position, wind is blowing hard, it's raining hard, you know that they're just dumping it in our end and then, you know, they can pin us in there, then they have guys that out wide, they have guys that come in and bring energy, quality in wide areas that become hard to deal with,” Red Bulls head coach Chris Armas said. The Union were missing leading goalscorer Kacper Przybylko on the day after he had a setback in his recovery from a foot injury picked up in the pregrame warmups in the regular season finale against NYCFC. Bedoya returned to the lineup after suffering a quad injury in the next to the last game of the season in Columbus. He was replaced in the 112th minute by Warren Creavalle after limping off with a cramp. “We’ve got a great team here,” Bedoya said. “This character we showed here, we’ve shown it throughout the season as well. I couldn’t be more proud of them and I think we go down to Atlanta, hopefully get an upset and we keep moving.” Four reasons for the Sounders' consistent competitiveness Sounders’ Roman Torres expects to start in MLS Cup What is a Seattle freakin' Sounder? The origins of the nickname Sounders keeping it loose ahead of biggest game in Seattle's history Seattle ready to regain spotlight from Atlanta, LAFC TFC: CenturyLink gives Sounders "massive" homefield advantage	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9462
__label__wiki	0.609287	0.609287	About GPMN Green Party US Join GPMN Local Parties Political Contribution Refund Program MN Greens Join Fight To End Political Oppression Contacts: MN Green Party Darnella Wade Darnella@MNgreens.org The Minnesota Green Party is partnering up in the fight to end political oppression! In a state with some of the worst disparities, we need ballot access that allows for the participation of all independent political voices. We can’t be the change we want to see if we must compromise by running with parties that don't share our values. The strength of the two-party system isn’t earned - it's only due to the many laws which have been written over time to create barriers to participation, eliminate opportunities to challenge established power, and built up a system that has primarily served to provide a disproportionate political voice for monied interests at the expense of the people forced to live under the unequal and unjust laws it imposes. The Ballot Access Inclusiveness Bill, which has been proposed for years, was officially authored, sponsored, and filed on January 30 in the Senate by Sen. Jensen (R-47) and on February 1 in the House by Rep. Elkins (D-49B)! This bill would do the following: Reduce the threshold for major party status from 5% currently to 1% or 2% Expand the minor party ballot access petition window from 2 weeks to 2 months Modernize the petition used by minor party candidates to collect signatures Be there with us! A press conference to announce the Ballot Access Inclusiveness Bill will take place at the State Capital this Thursday, February 7 from 12:30 - 1:00 PM in Conference Room B971. Let's pack the room with supporters! We also need you to call or email your State Representative and State Senator to tell them this bill deserves a committee hearing and to be voted on by the full bodies of each legislative branch. To find your representatives, look them up at https://www.gis.leg/iMaps/districts/. Numbers speak volumes. Tell a friend and any press contacts you have. It's time to level the playing field. You can be part of it. posted by Green Party of Minnesota \| 367.60pc 1 comment Share Green Party Black Caucus supports probe into MLK assassination On Martin Luther King Jr. Day, a group of over 60 prominent American citizens called for a full investigation into Reverend King’s assassination. Megan Kuhl-Stennes Files as Candidate for Hennepin County Commissioner Green endorsed candidate for Hennepin County Commissioner District 4 Megan Kuhl-Stennes filed as a candidate Friday, June 1st. Filing took place at Hennepin County Elections (downtown Government Center). Rhoda Gilman - Grandmother of the MN Greens Passes It is with a heavy heart that we have learned of the passing of Rhoda Gilman earlier this week at the age of 91. Rhoda was quite simply the Grandmother of the Green Party of Minnesota and was an important Minnesota historian and committed radical political activist to the end. Born in Seattle, Washington, in 1927, Rhoda came to Minnesota in 1952. She became a researcher at the Minnesota Historical Society in 1958 and held positions there in the publications, education, and research divisions. Among the projects she accomplished was a textbook of Minnesota history for schools statewide, which was separately published as "The Story of Minne-sota's Past". Platform, Constitution Amendment Process Opens The GPMN Platform can be revised every even-numbered year. The party’s Constitution can be amended each year. At the summer membership meeting on June 23, 2018, members will have the opportunity to decide on proposed changes to the Platform and the Constitution. Revision proposals for both documents will be accepted through May 8. Proposals can be made by an individual or a group. Those submitted by groups usually demonstrate broader support and result in better proposals. A group could be a local, an issue-based caucus, or any informal gathering of Green Party members. Please follow these guidelines in submitting proposed changes. Read the document you want to change first, and become familiar with its style and content. Write your proposal to fit in with the rest of the document. Make sure what you are proposing isn’t already there. Be concise, not wordy. Identify the paragraph and sub-paragraph number in the existing document where your change would fit. You can find the full Platform and Constitution on the website, mngreens.org, under About GPMN. If you want to replace a whole section, include the original language as well as the new language in your proposal. If you want to change some words within a section, use strike-out for the words you want to take out and underline for the words you want to add. Make sure it reads! Include your name, email address and phone number, in case the Core Documents Committee needs to contact you. Send your proposal by May 8, 2018, to GPMN, 4200 Cedar Ave S #8, Minneapolis, MN 55407, or attach it to an email to betsy.barnum@mngreens.org. The Constitution is the foundational legal document that shapes the structure and operation of the party. Amending it must be done with care. The Platform is a living expression of what Greens in Minnesota want to see as public policy, and it changes as social, economic, environmental and political knowledge changes. The Core Documents Committee will review the proposals to make sure they are not repetitive, have good style and grammar, and are intended for the appropriate document. By May 23, the proposals will be available to read on the website so members know ahead of time what they will be voting on at the summer meeting. Questions? Contact Betsy Barnum, 701-610-3432 or betsy.barnum@mngreens.org. 2 comments Share GPUS Reparations Working Group Elects Co-Chair from Minnesota The Green Party of the United States Black Caucus is proud to announce that it has nominated and elected two co-chairs to its Green Party of the United States Reparations Working Group to secure full and complete reparations for the descendants of slaves in the United States of America. Anika Ofori is a cultural artist, social entrepreneur and activist. She currently lives in New Orleans, Louisiana. She is a US Navy veteran. She holds a Bachelor of Science in Urban Ministry Leadership from Geneva College and a Master of Divinity from The Virginia Union University. She is a member of the Green Party of Louisiana and the Green Party US Black Caucus. Trahern Crews is a community organizer, activist and socially responsible entrepreneur who organizes with urban youth around sustainable food access. Mr. Crews currently resides in Saint Paul, Minnesota. He is a member of the Minnesota Green Party and Green Party US Black Caucus, and is the spokesperson for the Minnesota Green Party of the 4th Congressional District. Party Chair Brandon Long on Everybody Loves Politics Sunflower Seed E-Newsletter February 2018 Welcome to the February 2018 issue of the Sunflower Seed! In this issue you will find upcoming events, get a recap of our Winter Membership Meeting, catch up on the swearing in of two Minneapolis Greens, read our tribute to Annie Young, learn about the recent success of the Green-Left Party in Iceland, hear #MeToo statements from Green Party Women and more. Enjoy! We need YOU to become a sustaining donor! In addition to paying our wonderful Party Administrator Betsy, your donations will make it possible to send out mailers on behalf of our 2017 candidates, order new Green Party Minnesota t-shirts, banners, flags, and all sorts of things to get our message out beyond the internet! Please consider becoming a sustaining donor for as little as $10 a month today! #MeToo - Voices of Green Party Women “We have inherited a social system based on male domination of politics and economics. We call for the replacement of the cultural ethics of domination and control with more cooperative ways of interacting that respect differences of opinion and gender.” –Green Party 10 Key Values The #MeToo Movement has launched a powerful conversation about the toxic Patriarchy which dominates our political, social, environmental and economic landscape and how we overcome it. Below are powerful statements from Green Party Women on how they view this movement and what they have to say about how we “transform the relationship between men and women from one characterized by exploitation, violence and dominance to one based on equality and mutual respect” (Green Party of Minnesota Platform). Green Pioneer Annie Young Passes It is with a heavy heart that we have learned of the passing of former Green Minneapolis Park Board Commissioner Annie Young. Annie had always been a pioneering and visionary activist in all the fields she endeavored to enter. Politics was certainly no exception. Annie was one of the very first Green Party elected officials in the state of Minnesota. She had recently retired as one of the longest-serving Green Party elected officials in the entire country. Ten Key Values Our Platform Upcoming Events Tweets by @MnGreens Follow @MnGreens on Twitter	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9463
__label__wiki	0.947051	0.947051	Ryan Reynolds shares moving tribute to John Candy on 25th anniversary of his death Monday marks the 25th anniversary of comedy legend John Candy's death. The Canadian-born actor is known for his roles in "Planes, Trains and Automobiles," "Spaceballs" and "Uncle Buck," among others. Fellow Canadian actor Ryan Reynolds paid tribute to the actor, who died on March 4, 1994, with a tribute video he shared to Twitter on Sunday. It’s the 25th anniversary of John Candy’s passing. We cooked up a small tribute to a comedic genius and Canadian hero. If you haven’t seen much of his work, take a look at his films. He was a treasure. Thanks to@chriscandy4u and@therealjencandypic.twitter.com/dHvuviKnBs — Ryan Reynolds (@VancityReynolds)March 3, 2019 Candy's daughter, Jennifer Candy, was moved by the video, writing, "He has so many people that absolutely love him. He was one of the best." Siskiyou Union High School District College of the Siskiyous Mount Shasta and Weed Elementary School Districts Dunsmuir High School Dunsmuir Elementary Castle Rock Elementary Butteville Elementary McCloud Elementary City of Dunsmuir Lake Shastina City of Mount Shasta City of Weed City of Yreka Mount Shasta Herald - Mount Shasta, CA ~ 924 N. Mount Shasta Blvd. (P.O. Box 127), Mount Shasta, CA 96067 ~ Do Not Sell My Personal Information ~ Cookie Policy ~ Do Not Sell My Personal Information ~ Privacy Policy ~ Terms Of Service ~ Your California Privacy Rights / Privacy Policy Public Legal Notices	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9467
__label__cc	0.730099	0.269901	Child Birth & Labour Prenatal Checkups Pregnancy Tools Popular Get published Raspberry brownie muffin cakes What being a mum is all about Beef and broccoli stir fry Pregnancy Is it safe? Questions List What is amniocentesis? Amniocentesis is a test which you can have between weeks 15 and 18 of your pregnancy. Amniotic fluid is extracted from your uterus and this fluid is tested for chromosomal abnormalities. Such tests will show Down syndrome, genetic diseases such as Tay-Sachs or sickle cell anemia, and neural tube defects such as spina bifida. The test can also be used if the baby needs to be delivered a week or two early to show if the baby’s lungs are developed enough to induce labour. This test is carried out when indicated by the results of a screening test or when the mother is over the age of 37. A needle is inserted into your womb through your abdomen and about one or two tablespoons of amniotic fluid is taken. The test is guided by an ultrasound and will take approximately 30mins. Most of this time is spent preparing for the test – the needle part only takes a couple of minutes. Although this seems like a scary procedure, most women say that it is not as bad as they expected. The needle is very thin and so doesn’t case much pain. There may be slight cramping during the procedure as the needle pierces through the uterus and you may feel a pulling sensation as the fluid is drawn out. Try and arrange to have someone drive you home after the procedure and take it easy for the rest of the day. It carries a 1% risk of miscarriage so the risks are fairly low. Other side effects may also include light bleeding or fluid leakage but these will go away after a day or two and will not harm the baby. You can discuss with your doctor if this is a test you want to take, based on your pregnancy history, your own medical history, your age, family history and the results of your screening test. Don't forget to look for baby names... Search now Amniocentesis is a test which you can have between weeks 15 and 18 of your pregnancy. Amniotic fluid is extracted from your uterus and this fluid is tested for chromosomal abnormalities. Such tests will show... Should I have an epidural or not? What are the pros and cons of having an epidural What is an ultrasound? Ultrasounds have become the norm for all pregnant women but what exactly goes on? What is CVS or Chorionic Villus Sampling? A CVS is a very accurate early antenatal test that detects chromosomal abnormalities. With this diagnostic test, you will have complete certainty whether or not your baby has got a particular condition. Is my nursery safe? Here are a few tips to ensure your nursery is safe What medications are safe during pregnancy? Most drugs cross the placenta and so there may be some minor risks Why risk diagnostic testing? Although diagnostic testing can (very slightly) increase the risk of miscarriage, some parents decide to take the test for several reasons. There may be a specific reason why your baby could be at risk of being... Is it safe to use fake tan during pregnancy? Fake tans have become very popular over the last decade – interest has been fuelled by a move away from sun beds and sun bathing due to skin cancer risks and because there is a desire to have a sun kissed... Is caffeine safe in pregnancy? Caffeine should be avoided during pregnancy Are home doppler monitors recommended? Doppler monitors (or fetal heart monitors) appear to be safe for the fetus however they give mums to be unnecessary concerns. Millie Mackintosh on the struggle to feel confident during pregnancy Miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy may trigger long-term PTSD, study says Ectopic Pregnancy: Here is everything you should know About Advertise Disclaimer Posting Rules Privacy & Cookies Report a Problem Suggestions T&C's Unsubscribe eSolution: Sheology	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9469
__label__wiki	0.886602	0.886602	Music Box Label Rare & Used Releases DAVID Carl KOMEDA Christopher TYLER Bryan > CD>JOSEPHA / FEMMES DE PERSONNE JOSEPHA / FEMMES DE PERSONNE Reference: MBR-077 Music Composed and Conducted by Georges Delerue Music Box Records - Limited Collector's Edition - Sold Out By submitting this form, I accept that the data entered is used by Music Box Records so they can (I) acknowledge your request, (II) replay and, if necessary, (III) manage the contractual relationship that may result. By buying this product you can collect up to 1 loyalty point. Your cart will total 1 loyalty point that can be converted into a voucher of 0,25 €. World Premiere CD release. Expanded remastered edition. More than 75 minutes of music, including 21 minutes of music never released before. 8-page CD booklet with French and English liner notes by Sylvain Pfeffer. In collaboration with EMI Music Publishing, Alter Films and Colette Delerue, Music Box Records is pleased to present on CD the collaboration between Georges Delerue and director/screenwriter Christopher Frank: Josepha (1982) starring Claude Brasseur, Miou-Miou and Bruno Cremer and Femmes de personne / Nobody's Women (1984) starring Marthe Keller, Jean-Louis Trintignant, Philippe Léotard, Fanny Cottençon, Caroline Cellier and Patrick Chesnais. For Josepha, the composer wrote a tormented and serious main theme, recalling the post-romantic atmosphere of Gustav Mahler. Some pieces refer to the more aggressive writing of Andrzej Zulawski’s L’important c’est d’aimer (The Most Important Thing, Love). Georges Delerue also wrote source music for the film such as the salon waltz Valse rococo, the jazz waltz in Josepha et Régis and the combo piece in Ville d’eau. For Femmes de personne, the main theme takes the form of a relaxed and somewhat nostalgic ballad played on the vibraphone. On the whole, Georges Delerue creates rich meld of evocative jazz, pop and even electronic music with signature romantic and melancholy orchestral scoring. For this brand new edition, Music Box Records presents the expanded and remastered scores for the two films and includes previously unreleased material. The scores have been fully remastered from the original ¼ master tapes which contain the previously issued LP programs. In regard to the unreleased music of Josepha, we had access to all the stereo music elements stored at EMI, in thundering, crystal clear sound. For the unreleased material of Femmes de personne, we used the composer's back-up tapes (the only source available to this day) and did our best to restore and improve the sound. This present edition includes an 8-page booklet with liner notes by Sylvain Pfeffer, discussing the films and the scores. Now you can enjoy these two expanded scores with precious unreleased music composed by one of the most gifted European composers for movies. JOSEPHA (19:42) FEMMES DE PERSONNE (56:34) 1. Thème de Josepha (1:19) 2. Valse rococo (3:18) 3. La séparation (2:20) 4. Josepha et Régis* (1:07) 5. Le premier pas / L'arme blanche* (1:13) 6. Le néon au bout de la rue (2:05) 7. Le petit théâtre* (1:09) 8. Ville d'eau (2:31) 9. MacBeth ''Les Sorcières'' / Autopsie de Dolorès Starr** (2:11) 10. Josepha (2:03) 11. Cécile (3:03) 12. Solitude 1 (2:11) 13. Porno (3:33) 14. Coup de fil au labo (1:17) 15. Danse de la mère (1:53) 16. Julie* (4:35) 17. Marc et Julie* (1:11) 19. Cornflakes (2:51) 20. Antoine, Philippe, Marc et Isabelle* (3:04) 21. Arnaud (2:07) 22. Je dors chez papa (3:54) 23. Cécile et Arnaud* (1:38) 24. Je t'appelle demain au bureau (3:43) 25. Adeline* (2:42) 26. Monica (1:41) 27. Générique de fin (2:42) 28. Trois heures moins dix (4:02) 29. Killing Time (4:31) 30. Disco Cécile* (4:04) * previously unreleased ** contains previously unreleased material Total CD Time • 76:18 LE BON PLAISIR DESCENTE AUX ENFERS IN THE TRACKS OF GEORGES DELERUE LA REINE BLANCHE (THE WHITE QUEEN) TO KILL A PRIEST (LE COMPLOT) (EXPANDED) THIBAUD OU LES CROISADES / FORTUNE PRÉPAREZ VOS MOUCHOIRS LA PASSANTE DU SANS-SOUCI / GARDE À VUE LES CHEVAUX DU SOLEIL Music Box Records is an independent record label company dedicated to film and television soundtracks. The online store also offers CDs and DVDs from other labels. About Music Box Records Shipping & Order Info Copyright 2011-2019 © Music Box Records. All rights reserved By continuing your visit to this site, you must accept the use of cookies and writing on your connected device. These cookies (small text files) are used to track your browsing, update your cart, recognize you on your next visit and secure your connection.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9470
__label__wiki	0.9725	0.9725	Wings collapse in third period By Helene St. JamesDetroit Free Press TORONTO — The Detroit Red Wings had a good game going until the third period, when they gave up three goals, and one of their best players had to be helped off the ice. Playing before a lively crowd — and general manager Steve Yzerman — at Scotiabank Arena on Saturday, the Wings held their own until Toronto Maple Leafs star Auston Matthews scored two goals and set up another. The good work the Wings did was buried in a 4-1 loss, leaving them 2-13-2 in their past 17 games. Anthony Mantha was helped off the ice with 1:55 to play in regulation. He got tangled up with Leafs defenseman Jake Muzzin, who threw Mantha to the ice. Mantha’s head hit the ice hard and he looked groggy as he was helped off. Tyler Bertuzzi scored during the penalty on Muzzin. The chippiness flared again in the final minute, when Andreas Athanasiou and Justin Holl fought. The Wings already had lost Jonathan Bernier to injury in the first period, forcing them to rely on third-string goaltender Calvin Pickard. It was 0-0 until late in the second period, when Zach Hyman scored the first of his two goals. The Leafs played their backup goaltender, Michael Hutchinson. He came into the game with a 4.55 goals-against average in seven outings, but looked better than his numbers as he denied Dylan Larkin on two good scoring chances among 29 saves. Bernier left the ice at 6:52 of the first period, when Mantha was whistled for tripping. The Wings said Bernier suffered a lower-body injury. That forced Pickard into action; he made two saves during the Leafs' power play, including one off his mask. Pickard joined the Wings while Jimmy Howard was assigned to the Grand Rapids Griffins for a two-game conditioning stint. Howard was scheduled to return to Detroit Saturday and is scheduled to start Sunday when the Wings host the Arizona Coyotes in the final game before the Christmas break. The Wings had numerous scoring opportunities, including a pair of golden looks for Larkin but had nothing to show for their work after 21 shots. That’s when the Leafs got on the scoreboard, at 17:10 of the second period. Hyman, a top-line winger, raced up the ice with Wings defenseman Mike Green giving chase. Green hauled down Hyman as he reached the net, and Hyman crashed into Detroit’s net, knocking it off its moorings. Officials at first called a tripping penalty on Green, but video review showed the puck crossed the goal line before Hyman slid into the back of the net. Alternate captain Frans Nielsen missed the game because he wasn’t feeling well — the Wings have been hit hard by the flu bug the past week. It has been a rough first half of the season for Nielsen, who has just two assists after 32 games. Coach Jeff Blashill made veteran forward and alternate captain Justin Abdelkader a healthy scratch for a second straight game, and opted to insert Christoffer Ehn in Nielsen’s spot on the fourth line between Brendan Perlini and Adam Erne.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9472
__label__wiki	0.873986	0.873986	Report No. 3_PTE PZU S.A. Notification on the Shares Ownership Change by OFE PZU "Złota Jesień" in Mostostal Warszawa S.A. MostWA_301219.pdf (335.0 KiB) Report No. 2_Information on the selection of the most advantageous offer Report No. 1_Company’s Management Board Member Resignation Report No. 65_Information on signing the Annex to the Guarantee Line Agreement Report No. 64_Information on the Conclusion of Annex No. 7 to the agreement with Nowe Jaworzno Grupa Tauron sp. z o.o. for the implementation of the Jaworzno project Report No. 63_Conclusion of the the Guarantee Limits Agreement Report No. 62_Conclusion of the Agreement for the Construction of Fuel Depot Tank in Boronowo and Fuel Depot Tanks in Rejowiec Report No. 61_Information on the Selection of the Most Advantageous Offer Report No. 60_Receipt of Notification with Updated Information Concerning Amendments to the Provisions of the Agreement with Nowe Jaworzno Grupa Tauron Sp. z o.o. for Implementation of the Jaworzno Project Report No. 59_Conclusion of a contract for the construction of a "B6" multi-family residential building at Rzeczpospolita Ave. in Warsaw Report No. 58_Information About Selection the Most Advantageous Offer Report No. 57_Receipt of claim filed by Gamma Inwestycje S.A. Report No. 56_Notification obtained by the Company has regarding a change in the provisions of the contract with Nowe Jaworzno Grupa Tauron sp.z o.o. for the implementation of the Jaworzno Project Report No. 55_Entry in the National Court Register of an Amendment to the Company's Articles of Association AoA_MWSA_EN.pdf (115.2 KiB) Report No. 54_Annex Conclusion to the Insurance Guarantees General Contract Report No. 53_The Conclusion of an Agreement with the West Pomeranian Voivodeship Marshal's Office for the Design and Construction of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship Marshal's Office seat in Szczecin Report No. 52_Contract Conclusion for the Construction of Two for Health Care Services Facilities Report No. 51_Change in the Publication Date of the Standalone Financial Statements and Consolidated Financial Statements for the First Half of 2019. Report No. 50_Signing of the Agreement on the Sale of Property Report No. 49_Conclusion of a Contract for the Construction of the AGH Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Building	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9473
__label__wiki	0.813095	0.813095	Brad Pitt’s motorbike up for auction at London Motorcycle Show February 15, 2018 /0 Comments/in Motorcycles, MSN Custom Autos /by Andrew Brady A 2009 Triumph Bonneville motorcycle previously owned by Hollywood star Brad Pitt is up for grabs this weekend in England. The Bud Ekins Desert Scrambler Special will be auctioned on Saturday by Coys at the London Motorcyle Show at the city’s Excel exhibition space. One of just three special edition bikes created to celebrate the life of Steve McQueen’s stunt double Bud Ekins, it was built by Brad Holstein on behalf of Triumph. It’s said to have been given to Brad Pitt as a gift from the Ocean’s Eleven producer Jerry Weintraub, with a special birthday message engraved on the petrol cap. The sellers describe the motorbike as being in good all-round condition, complete with its original license plates. It’s estimated to make between £20,000 and £30,000 ($28,000 – $42,000). “We are excited to be back at the London Motorcycle Show for our third bike auction in the capital,” said Coys CEO, Chris Routledge. “We have a stunning selection of motorcycles on offer, including this special Triumph evocating the sled racers that Steve McQueen and Bud Ekins used to race in the 1960s.” Other rare motorbikes going under the hammer at the MCN Carole Nash London Motorcycle Show include a c.1953 Matchless G45 (£38,000 – £45,000, or $63,000 – $63,000), a 1978 Ducati 900 SS Desmo NCR Replica (£19,000 – £26,000, or $27,000 – $36,000), a 1949 HRD Vincent Rapide Series C 998cc (£54,000 – £59,000, or $78,000 – $83,000) and a 1955 Vincent Grey Flash Replica 500cc (£22,000 – £28,000, or $31,000 – $40,000). The HRD Vincent Rapide Series C 998cc being sold was manufactured in 1949, during the transition period in which HRD Vincent changed its trading name to simply ‘Vincent’. Evidence of the transition can be seen in the engine as later models just had the Vincent name rather than HRD. This example, ‘FPY 327’, was restored by well-known Vincent period road racer Martin Quirk. The full renovation took 12 years and, since then, the bike has covered less than a mile. At the same time as the Coys London Motorcycle Show auction, a second sale will be taking place next door at the Historic Motorsport International show, in association with the London Classic Car Show. Four-wheeled highlights include a 1984 Ferrari 512 BBi estimated to make £225,000 – £295,000 $315,000 – $415,000) and a 1988 Lamborghini Countach 5000 QV with an estimate of £250,000 – £350,000 ($350,000 – $495,000. Best Bike Awards 2017: Britain’s top new motorcycles James May caught speeding minutes after buying new motorbike In pictures: highlights from the London Classic Car Show 2017 https://i0.wp.com/www.motoringresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/bike.jpg?fit=1800%2C1200&ssl=1 1200 1800 Andrew Brady https://www.motoringresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/mr-top-motoring.svg Andrew Brady2018-02-15 13:49:042018-02-15 16:30:09Brad Pitt's motorbike up for auction at London Motorcycle Show The naked Ducati marks 25 years with Monster 821 special October 19, 2017 /0 Comments/in Motorcycles /by Richard Aucock Back in 1992, the iconic Ducati Monster set the template for the modern naked motorcycle – one with stripped back bodywork and an exposed frame to show off the engine and innards in all their glory. 25 years on, the Italian motorcycle firm is marking this with a new Monster 821; Ducati’s even relaunching the vivid Ducati Yellow offered on the original Monster, along with the regular red and matt black options. But unlike the original Monster 900, the new Monster 821 is not quite as back-to-basic as it seems. For starters, it’s been derived this time from the beefier Monster 1200, carrying over a similarly streamlined look with redesigned tank and tail. These reference the original 900 but have a contemporary twist, as do the new silencer and headlight. (Click images to enlarge) No original 900 Monster had such a sophisticated TFT colour instrument display either; you can even get an optional Ducati Quick Shift and Ducati Multimedia System. That’s not all – Ducati’s also including a safety pack, with Bosch ABS and fully adjustable Ducati Traction Control. There are adjustable riding modes too, so bikers can tailor ABS, DTC and power modes one of three ways to suit. Ducati rather excitedly says it “allows the 821 to be transformed into three different motorcycles, each with a distinct personality”. A 109hp liquid-cooled Testastretta two-cylinder engine offers performance on another planet compared to the original; 63lb ft of torque at 7,750rpm makes it rider-friendly as well, promises Ducati. One of five new Ducatis set to debut for the 2018 model year, the new 821 Monster debuts on 5 November, ahead of the EICMA ‘Italian motorcycle show’ running from 9-12 November. NEXT> Best Bike Awards 2017 https://i1.wp.com/www.motoringresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ducati_Monster_821_2018_01.jpg?fit=1366%2C768&ssl=1 768 1366 Richard Aucock https://www.motoringresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/mr-top-motoring.svg Richard Aucock2017-10-19 18:01:222017-10-19 18:06:13The naked Ducati marks 25 years with Monster 821 special Brits still love their motorcycles. Already in 2017, Auto Trader Bikes has had 20 million visits – and riders have conducted no fewer than 36 million new and used bike searches. That’s why the automotive marketplace has once again held its annual Best Bike Awards. Over the past two decades, the number of qualified riders in Britain has risen by a massive 74 percent. Growing numbers of people are discovering the money-saving, traffic-dodging benefits of scooters and entry-level motorcycles, while others are rediscovering motorcycles with a modern retro or adventure bike. Motorway ‘fuel bikes’ introduced to help fuel-ish motorists Brompton Electric folding bike uses Williams racing tech James May caught speeding moments after buying new motorbike Motorbikes now cover more miles on UK roads than buses Once again, there’s a new motorcycle for everyone – but which are the finest in each category? That was the task of the 2017 award’s judging panel… Best AM – Lexmoto Echo 50 The Lexmoto Echo 50 looks pretty good, rides nicely and, most importantly, costs less than £1,000 brand-new. This is why it’s such a strong seller in the UK – and this is why it’s been voted the best new scooter you can buy in 2017. 16 year olds, you can ride this simply by passing Compulsory Basic Training (CBT) and the theory test, adding further to its appeal. Best A1 – KTM 125 Duke New for 2017, the latest KTM 125 Duke has been given a fresh chassis that transforms how it rides and handles. It looks stylish too, and the fantastic colour TFT instrument is a cracking standout feature on a £4k machine. 17 year olds can ride this on an A1 motorcycle lucence, once they’ve passed their CBT and theory tests. Best A2 – Honda Rebel 500 The Honda Rebel 500 is a bobber-style cruiser for 19 year olds and above. It looks cool, but rides with all the novice-friendly predictability new riders need, while also proving great fun for those following the progressive access motorcycle licence route. At just over £5,000 for the charismatic 500cc machine, it’s a deserving A2 winner. Best Scooter – Vespa GTS300 The smart-looking Vespa GTS300 is a UK scooter favourite. It’s powerful, has advanced traction control and ABS, and you can even pair it to your smartphone to get extra display readouts. For busy city users, it’s a dream ride. Best Naked – Aprilia Tuono 1100 Factory The exceptional Aprilia Tuono 1100 is a mighty all-rounder with a simply divine 175hp V4 engine. It sounds brilliant and is seriously fast, while both handling and comfort are enough to have you in the saddle all day long and still left wanting more. It costs over £16,000, but connoisseurs will think it worth every penny. Best Retro – Ducati Scrambler Desert Sled The retro Ducati Scrambler has been an enormous success for the Italian firm and now it’s expanding upon the theme with the evocative-looking Desert Sled. This is a phenomenally capable machine across all terrains, brilliantly combining modern ability with classic looks. Best Tourer – BMW K1600GT The big BMW brings the firm’s famous straight-six engine to the touring motorcycle class, with impeccable sophistication. This is the machine to cross the globe on in 2017; it has an abundance of power and ability, brilliant rider protection, some amazing equipment features and even the reassurance of automatic emergency response call-out in the event of an accident. Best Adventure – Suzuki V-Strom 650 The Suzuki V-Strom is a great all-rounder that’s clocked up around a quarter of a million sales. Fully re-engineered for 2017, it still costs less than £7,500 but is now more able than ever, particularly the off-road-styled XT version. There are new electronic aids, tough-look new styling and enough improvements to the ride for it to be the adventure bike pick of 2017. Best Cruiser – Harley-Davidson Street Glide CVO This is a truly incredible machine – a £30,000 spectacle created by Harley’s bespoke Central Vehicle Operations division. It has lairy paint, a hot engine, full onboard infotainment electronics and a hard-driving ride to die for. Just a handful are coming to the UK and you should form an orderly queue because it’s easily the finest new cruiser of 2017. Best Middleweight – Triumph Street Triple 765 Triumph has reinvented its Street Triple range for 2017 with a three-model range, all using the same brilliant new 765cc engine, albeit in different states of tune. The range starts with the £8,000 S, moving up through R to the full-fat 123hp RS; there’s even a regulated 660cc Street Triple S A2 version for newbies. All are bona fide thoroughbreds. Best Sports – Suzuki GSX-R1000R The hottest new Gixxer, the GSX-R1000R aims to grab back the top superbike title Suzuki considers its own: on this evidence, with its top-notch blend of confidence and performance, the all-new machine is without question the best new sports bike of 2017. Best Sports Tourer – Kawasaki Z1000SX Kawasaki continues to hone the superb Z1000SX, and the 2017 version is duly better than ever. The firm’s used customer feedback to tailor it even more perfectly, so if you want a fine sports tourer with no foibles but plenty of talent, look no further. 2017 Best Bike Award winner – Triumph Street Triple 765 Triumph has put an enormous amount of time, talent and tenacity into crafting the new Street Triple 765 range, and it shows. All versions are wonderful rides, with enough character and ability to lift them clear of rivals. Those seeking the best new bike of 2017, look no further: the British firm has created a peach of a model range here. Best Bike Awards 2017: in pictures Best AM: Lexmoto Echo 50 Best A1: KTM 125 Duke Best A2: Honda Rebel 500 Best Scooter: Vespa GTS 300 Best Naked: Aprilia Tuono Factory Best Retro: Ducati Scrambler Desert Sled Best Tourer: BMW K1600GT Best Adventure: Trail Suzuki VStrom 650 Best Cruiser: Harley-Davidson Street Glide CVO Best Midweight: Triumph Street Triple 765 Best Sports: Suzuki GSX R1000R Best Sports Tourer: Kawasaki Z1000SX >NEXT: James May caught speeding moments after buying new motorbike https://i1.wp.com/www.motoringresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/02_Riding_in_Britain_2017.jpg?fit=1366%2C768&ssl=1 768 1366 Richard Aucock https://www.motoringresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/mr-top-motoring.svg Richard Aucock2017-10-12 07:21:112017-10-12 10:53:34Best Bike Awards 2017: Britain’s top new motorcycles Own a new Ducati for £399 a month September 1, 2016 /0 Comments/in Deals, Motorcycles /by Ducati has launched a new series of PCP deals that open up the Ducati range to finance buyers for a deposit starting from £399. The three-year Ducati TriOptions deal is offered on all Ducati models, including the range-topping Panigale R and the core Monster 821 naked. More motorcycles on Motoring Research On most models, the deposit is £1,000 but it’s been cut to just £399 for the Scrambler range, although monthly payments are higher to reflect this. For those who want something cheaper each month, Ducati will continue its other deals that, for a higher deposit, offer low monthly payments: the Scrambler (including the learner-licence A2-compliant Sixty2) can be bought from £79 a month and the Monster from £99 a month. The new finance deals launched today (1 September) and a TriOptions finance calculator is now available on the Italian motorcycle brand’s website to navigate buyers through the various options. https://i2.wp.com/www.motoringresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Ducati_Monster_821-2.jpg?fit=1800%2C1200&ssl=1 1200 1800 https://www.motoringresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/mr-top-motoring.svg 2016-09-01 13:53:002016-09-01 13:53:00Own a new Ducati for £399 a month Best Bike Awards 2016: the UK’s top motorcycles revealed August 9, 2016 /1 Comment/in Motorcycles /by The Auto Trader Best Bike Awards 2016 have been revealed, celebrating the very best in the UK motorcycle market. It’s a sector in great shape, and 2016 has been a classic year for new model launches. Auto Trader has chosen the very best of the best. British bike market in 2016 Almost 80,000 new motorcycles have been registered in the UK already in 2016, a healthy rise of nearly 6% on 2015. Although sales of entry-level bikes are down, bigger-engined motorcycles are doing well: the 126-650cc category is up an impressive 8.4%. The biggest new bike category is for stripped-back Naked bikes, beating even Scooters and Adventure Sports bikes in the popularity stakes. Biker boom There are now 1.25 million motorcycles in use on UK roads, a number that’s been growing over the past few years. There are lots of active riders in Britain and, as bikes become ever-better and boast ever-more-attractive deals, many will be in the market for a new machine. Here’s the pick of the UK new bike market in 2016. Best bike for AM licence holders: Peugeot Django 50cc The 50cc motorcycle 16-year-olds should be riding in 2016 is the retro-look Peugeot Django 50cc. It retains the award it won last year for its combination of cool looks and everyday usability. There’s even a 12-volt charger, so smartphone obsessives can top up their battery on the move. Best bike for A1 licence holders: Honda CB125F Riders aged 17 should hot-foot it to the local Honda dealer to pick up a bargain-priced CB125F. Not for nothing is it the UK’s best-selling 125cc machine. It costs from just £2,699, does 151mpg and looks far cooler than you’d ever believe a beginner’s motorbike could. Riders aged 19 or over can choose a full-size motorcycle that’s restricted to 47hp. Once they pass their full test, this restrictor can be taken off. The best choice here is, again, a Honda; the CB500F is the perfect step-up machine from the CB125F. Who doesn’t want a classic Vespa? Now there’s reason to want a modern Vespa: the GTS 300 has scooped this category three years running and Auto Trader says it’s hard to see anything beating it. It even has heated grips for winter! Best Commuter: Honda NC750X Commuter motorcycles should be painless and easy to ride, with a good seating position for excellent visibility. Cue the NC750X, a genuine twist-and-go machine with clutchless transmission and, new for 2016, cooler and edgier looks. Again, it’s a three-time category winner. Best Naked: Triumph Speed Triple R The most popular new motorcycle category in Britain right now is the Naked sector. Ooh-err. Aggressive looks, minimalist bodywork and savage power make them real thrillers – none more so than the 138hp race-bred Triumph Speed Triple R. Best Retro: Triumph Thruxton R Retro bikes are more classically-styled Naked machines – and Triumph has this sector sewn up too, with the beautiful Thruxton R. It builds upon the established Thruxton range with improved dynamics and engine power. “It’s the retro Triumph you’ve been waiting for,” said Auto Trader editor-in-chief, Jon Quirk. Best Adventure: Honda Africa Twin We’ve been waiting a long time for a new Honda Africa Twin, but at last it has arrived – and Auto Trader says the wait has been worth it. It’s one of the best motorcycles to come out of Honda in years, and is “a phenomenal all-rounder… If you want a reason not to buy a BMW GS, this is it”. Best Tourer: BMW S 1000 XR Planning on riding across Europe this summer? You need a BMW S 1000 XR. It’s a superbike engine in a sports touring chassis that, says Auto Trader, creates the motorcycle equivalent of a performance SUV. This, ladies and gentlemen, is a BMW X5 M for riders. Best Sports: Yamaha YZF-F1 The fearsome Yamaha R1 has done it again. A sublime track bike, Auto Trader reckons it’s a bike that wins over both head and heart in an instant. It’s also a race bike for the road that you can thrash all day long without fear – mechanical integrity is second to none. “It’s staggering,” say the editors. Best Cruiser: Indian Springfield You may not have heard of the Indian motorcycle company but you’ll certainly have heard of the motorcycle brand it’s beaten to best Cruiser 2016: Harley-Davidson. The Springfield has “the ride quality of an ocean liner and a finish that out-luxes all-comers.” Just for added reassurance, it even has a five-year warranty. Born-again bikers, you need this in your life! Best Manufacturer 2016: Triumph Despite building more than 54,000 motorcycles overseen from its Hinckley, Leicestershire HQ, Triumph keeps on innovating, with models such as the Thunderbird, Bonneville and modernised Speed Triple range. It’s a brand that shows the future really is looking bright for the British motorcycle industry, says Auto Trader – which is why it didn’t hesitate to award it the Best Manufacturer 2016 gong. Best Bike 2016: Honda Africa Twin The Auto Trader judges were unanimous in picking the new Honda Africa Twin as their Best Bike 2016. They said its ability both on- and off-road is “staggering”, the engine is superb, it’s comfortable to ride and it offers tremendous value for money. An all-round champ that stands clear as Britain’s best in 2016. https://i2.wp.com/www.motoringresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/01_Best_Bike_Awards_2016_Group_Shot.jpg?fit=1366%2C768&ssl=1 768 1366 https://www.motoringresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/mr-top-motoring.svg 2016-08-09 10:19:542016-08-09 10:19:54Best Bike Awards 2016: the UK’s top motorcycles revealed Guy Martin and Triumph in world speed record attempt August 1, 2016 /0 Comments/in Motorcycles /by admin Guy Martin and Triumph Motorcycles will attempt to break the motorcycle world land speed record this month at Bonneville Salt Flats with a target speed of more than 376mph. Martin, himself a multiple speed world record holder (and Isle of Man TT legend, and all-round top bloke), will ride the Triumph Infor Rocket Streamliner – a 1,000hp streamlined motorcycle powered by two turbocharged Triumph Rocket III motorcycle engines fuelled by methane. More car news on Motoring Research It’s a motorcycle like no other: made from carbon-kevlar, it’s more than 25 feet long, two feet wide and just three feet tall. The current motorcycle world land speed record stands at 376.363mph, held by American Rocky Robinson who set it in 2010. To beat it, Martin will have to ride faster than this staggering motorcycle maximum speed twice over the Bonneville measured mile. And he can’t wait. “The Triumph engineers have built an amazing machine, giving us the very best chance to beat the two-wheeled land speed record.” It’s not the first time Triumph has challenged for the motorcycle speed record either – Triumph Streamliners through the years have been the world’s fastest motorcycles, with one of the most dramatic being the Gyronaut X-1 which claimed the record in 1966 and held it into the 1970s. Its top speed? No less than 245.667mph. In 1966! https://i1.wp.com/www.motoringresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Guy_Martin_Triumph_01.jpg?fit=1800%2C1200&ssl=1 1200 1800 admin https://www.motoringresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/mr-top-motoring.svg admin2016-08-01 13:41:572018-02-15 16:32:31Guy Martin and Triumph in world speed record attempt Buy a Honda Fireblade for £99 a month July 18, 2016 /0 Comments/in Motorcycles /by Honda is offering its high-performance Fireblade Black Edition superbike on finance for £99 a month, in a three-year, 5.9% APR PCP deal. The offer is for the 16MY Black Edition special and is open to those who can find a £2,614 deposit for the £12,199 superbike, which Honda dealers will bolster with a £1,000 contribution. > More advice on Motoring Research The 36 monthly payments are based on the rider covering 4,000 miles a year (it’s 7p a mile extra if you do more), with a final payment of £6,329. The Black Edition was revealed at the opening round of the British Superbike Championship earlier this year, and now Honda BSB rider Jason O’Halloran has scored a victory on his CBR1000RR Fireblade at Snetterton, Honda reckons it’s a good time to roll out the special offer deal for the summer. Black Edition extras include a 27mm higher smoked screen, Gilles brake lever and Galfer front wavy discs. It also gets a colour-matched seat cowl and carbon fibre hugger. Not bad for £99 a month, particularly when compared to what £99 a month will buy you in the car world. Basic Suzuki Swift or a monster-performance Honda Fireblade? You decide… https://i0.wp.com/www.motoringresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Honda_Fireblade.jpg?fit=1800%2C1200&ssl=1 1200 1800 https://www.motoringresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/mr-top-motoring.svg 2016-07-18 18:20:202016-07-18 18:20:20Buy a Honda Fireblade for £99 a month How to buy a Harley-Davidson for £75 a month May 26, 2016 /1 Comment/in Motorcycles /by Harley-Davidson has launched a package of finance deals that allow born-again bikers to rediscover their love of motorcycling for just £75 a month. The low-deposit, low-APR deals are offered across the range, with the entry-level Street 750 costing £75 for three years on a flexible PCP deal: the deposit on the £5,795 motorcycle is just £870. APR starts from 6.9% and Harley keeps the deposit manageable even on the range-topping Fat Boy, Slim and Breakout models. Monthly payments even for the £15,995 Breakout are kept down to a relatively affordable £175. The deals run until 30 June and the American motorbike firm reckons the best-value offer is on the £7,495 Iron 883: with a £1,537 deposit, this costs £99 per month. All Harleys in the stripped-back Dark Custom range are available with the special PCP finance package: that’s Street 750, Forty-Eight and Iron 883, plus the Street Bob, Fat Bob, Slim and Breakout. Harley-Davidson dealers will even offer customers a free test ride as a further incentive: visit the Harley-Davidson UK website to book one at a local dealer. https://i1.wp.com/www.motoringresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/HarleyDavidson.jpg?fit=1800%2C1200&ssl=1 1200 1800 https://www.motoringresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/mr-top-motoring.svg 2016-05-26 04:53:572016-05-26 04:53:57How to buy a Harley-Davidson for £75 a month Revived Royal Enfield sells 500,000 motorcycles in a year May 10, 2016 /0 Comments/in Motorcycles /by Royal Enfield has reported a £125 million profit in the 2015-16 financial year, a record-breaking return for the famous British motorcycle brand after sales grew by more than 50% in just 12 months. A staggering 508,099 Royal Enfield bikes were sold between April 2015 – March 2016, a rapid rate of expansion that’s growing more quickly with every passing quarter: it’s currently operating at a 60% growth rate, a performance that MD and CEO of the firm’s parent company Siddharha Lal described as “phenomenal. “Royal Enfield has invested in building strong foundations across all areas of its business. We will be investing £60 million towards product development, setting up the two technical centres, in Leicestershire, UK and Chennai, India, enhancing our manufacturing capacity and market development activities across geographies.” And if we thought half a million motorcycles was impressive, we haven’t seen nothing yet, said Lal. “In FY 2016-17, we plan to manufacture 675,000 motorcycles. “Our immediate business outlook remains strong and Royal Enfield continues to grow consistently, competitively and profitably towards leading and expanding the mid-sized motorcycle segment globally.” Royal Enfield is planning a series of new models and engines to further its expansion: to help with the development, it’s setting up a new R&D centre in Leicestershire and also, 12 months ago, bought Hertfordshire-based Harris Performance, a famous and respected motorcycle design and engineering firm. Originally based in Redditch, England, Royal Enfield built its first motorcycle in 1901 and operated until 1970. The business also began collaborating with the Indian government in the 1950s and, in 1955, Enfield India was set up: the business merged with the Eicher Group in 1994 and, despite struggling in the 2000s, is today growing fast thanks to investment from its Indian parent. Today, Royal Enfield claims to be the world’s oldest motorcycle manufacturer in continuous production. Its newest motorcycle, the Continental GT, is now being imported back to the UK. https://i0.wp.com/www.motoringresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Royal-Enfield-016-1.jpg?fit=1800%2C1200&ssl=1 1200 1800 https://www.motoringresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/mr-top-motoring.svg 2016-05-10 05:53:512016-05-10 05:53:51Revived Royal Enfield sells 500,000 motorcycles in a year What is the Honda CRF1000F Africa Twin? April 20, 2016 /2 Comments/in Motorcycles /by The Honda CRF1000L Africa Twin adventure-sport motorcycle is a retro name recreation from the world’s biggest motorcycle manufacturer. Launched in 2016 to mark the 30-year anniversary of Honda’s run-of-four Paris-Dakar race wins with the original Africa Twin, the modern-day CRF1000L is an on-road and off-road-ready motorcycle that’s been much anticipated since news of its launch broke. Retailing from £10,499 for the ABS model and £11,299 with Honda’s all-new motorcycle dual clutch transmission, UK orders opened in late November with first deliveries in early 2016 – and it’s already helped Honda double its share of the adventure-sport sector. 1 in 3 new adventure bike buyers is now choosing a Honda and the 2016 Africa Twin is the UK’s best-selling motorcycle to date in the sector. Honda’s already sold more than 500. Although it has retro looks including period Africa Twin logos, the new machine isn’t a retro recreation. It has switchable rear ABS, Honda Selectable Torque Control and an all-new 998cc parallel-twin engine that puts out 94hp and 72lb-ft of torque at a handy (for a motorcycle) 6,000rpm. The advanced motor even has twin double-duty balancer shafts. So keen is Honda to stress its heritage with the CRF1000L Africa Twin, the first 350 customers to order one got an 80-page book on the original 1970s Paris-Dakar wins – and a limited edition, individually-numbered Africa Twin TripMaster. Achingly cool, Honda said the TripMaster “was trusted by HRC riders, Joan Barreda and Paolo Goncalves to navigate them safely through desert race stages. Finished in silver anodised, machined aluminium casing, engraved with the Africa Twin logo and series number, the TripMaster offers a dual trip function, as well as displaying ride data such as current and top trip speed.” A future collectable if ever we saw one. Neatly adding some verve to the top of Honda’s generally trusty but not ultra-thrilling motorcycle range, the Africa Twin’s arrival is well-timed to coincide with a thriving UK adventure-sport sector. Sales of such machines are booming, in contrast to sectors such as sports bikes: Honda is enjoying the resultant uplift from offering new metal in this style-conscious sector. Want to know more about the Honda CRF1000L Africa Twin? So do we at Motoring Research: that’s why we’re riding one tomorrow, at the Guild of Motoring Writers’ 2016 Big Day Out. Come back later in the week to read more… https://i1.wp.com/www.motoringresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Honda_CRF1000L_Africa_Twin_01-1.jpg?fit=1800%2C1200&ssl=1 1200 1800 https://www.motoringresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/mr-top-motoring.svg 2016-04-20 18:17:342016-04-20 18:17:34What is the Honda CRF1000F Africa Twin?	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9476
__label__wiki	0.524299	0.524299	Results: 1 - 10 for chamomile seeds Chamomile Seed Set Four seed packets ss_cha This certified organic Chamomile Seed Set contains four distinct varieties of chamomile for your growing pleasure. Chamomile, German Seeds s_cha_g This annual or overwintering annual is native to Europe, and is the delightfully aromatic chamomile of tea fame. The plant prefers full sun, and requires cool garden soils for germination. Prepare a fine seed bed, mix the fine seed with sand, then strew on the surface and press in hard. Sow in early spring for flowers by early summer. Chamomile, Roman Seeds s_cha_r Roman chamomile, or Chamaemelum nobile, is a perennial herb that also goes by “lawn chamomile”, as it is a popular ground cover for gardeners. Native to Europe, this plant blooms small, daisy-like flowers. Best if grown in zones three to nine. Chamomile Flower Powder Origin: Croatia Out of Stock4 oz — $9.50 — Out of Stock 8 oz — $15.75 — Out of Stock 1 lb — $27.00 — Out of Stock cha_p4 Our chamomile flower powder is milled from whole Matricaria recutita blossoms. Chamomile is featured in many skin and hair care recipes. Often found in henna mixtures, it may lighten certain hair colors. Chamomile flowers have been generally used for their beneficial properties and are referenced in traditional folklore. Chamomile tea is pleasant when served after dinner. German chamomile flower powder makes a lovely addition to herbal lotions and can also be included in baking recipes. Chamomile, Moroccan Essential Oil Ormenis mixta Origin: Morocco 5 ml each — $28.50 10 ml each — $51.75 1/2 oz — $71.25 1 oz — $123.50 2 oz — $222.50 eo_ch5 Moroccan chamomile essential oil is steam distilled from the flowers of Omenis mixta. While not a true member of the chamomile family, the flowers resemble traditional chamomile flowers. Moroccan chamomile oil shares the sweet, fruity characteristics of other chamomile oils for perfume or aromatherapy. This middle note essential oil blends well with lavender, cypress, cedar, vetiver, and citrus oils. 4 oz — $3.00 8 oz — $4.75 1 lb — $8.00 ses_4 Sesamum indicum was domesticated thousands of years ago and is now cultivated worldwide for its edible seed. Sesame seeds are rich and oily with a nutty flavor and are a staple in a diversity of cuisines. Sesame seed is often used in baking crackers, breads, candies, and pastries. The seeds are also employed in many savory cuisines including salads, marinades, soups, sautéed vegetables, and spice mixes. Additionally, sesame seeds can be made into condiments such as tahini. Annatto Seed Powder Bixa orellana 4 oz — $5.00 8 oz — $8.25 1 lb — $14.00 anna_p4 Native to Central and South America, achiote is a large evergreen shrub with pods containing an orange-red seed, which is referred to as annatto. Annatto seed is enjoyed for its slight floral aroma and earthy flavor. Our annatto seed powder is ground from organic Bixa orellana seeds. The seeds are traditionally combined with other spices to create a seasoning blend and are notably in use today as a coloring agent in foods and cosmetics. Celery Seed Essential Oil 1/2 oz — $8.00 1 oz — $13.50 2 oz — $24.50 4 oz — $44.50 eo_cele1/2 Our organic celery seed essential oil is steam distilled from the seeds of Apium graveolens. Warm with a gentle green spice, celery seed oil is a wonderful addition to cologne, perfumes, and soaps. Blends well with other spiced or floral oils such as rosemary, ginger, lavender, chamomile, or tea tree. Papaver somniferum pop_4 Poppy seeds are a staple in culinary delights including noodles, breads, bagels, and pastries. These tiny seeds have been harvested from dried Papaver somniferum seed pods for millennia and remain popular today, especially in Central Europe. Poppy seed imparts a slightly nutty, toasty flavor when crushed before use and adds texture as well as color to food. Origin: Egypt b_s4 Nigella sativa seeds have traditionally been used as a spice in Indian and Middle Eastern cuisine where it is referred to as “kalonji”. Their flavor profile is savory, pungent and slightly bitter to taste. Also called black cumin seed, black seeds are employed to flavor curries, vegetables, and breads. They were found in the tomb of Tutankhamen suggesting their use by humans since at least the times of ancient Egypt. Indigenous to the Mediterranean and now growing around the world, nigella seeds can also be used in tea or added to coffee as a unique flavoring.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9477
__label__wiki	0.849428	0.849428	Pray for our work Gift in Will MWB Events Street Mercy Poverty entrenched in rural areas Romania’s economy has improved in recent years – but in rural areas where almost half the population live, a lack of infrastructure affects everything from schools to medical facilities. Romania remains one of the most corrupt countries in Europe, according to Transparency International, and it has also been singled out for criticism by Amnesty International for its prejudicial treatment of the Roma community, who make up as much as 10% of the country's population. Since 2007, over one million Romanians have emigrated in search of greater opportunities, including parents who leave vulnerable children behind. We work in Sighisoara, Blaj, Victoria and nearby villages in Transylvania, often in Roma communities, supporting families struggling in desperate poverty, helping them move towards self-sufficiency. We also support vulnerable children, run a prison ministry, and support a care home for the elderly. I agree to subscribe to Mission Without Borders online newsletters: Greetings from Alexandru Alexandru Danilenco has been the Manager for Romania since August 2017. He said, "From year to year, more and more people in Romania are losing hope that the day will come when their social and spiritual conditions will improve. This is particularly true of rural communities, where most of the inhabitants are unemployed and just waiting for the first opportunity to leave the country to find a job. Paradoxically, even though the wages that Romanian people are paid are some of the lowest wages in Europe, prices for necessary products are growing every year. Now they have become even more expensive than in many countries that are more developed. "Even in such hopeless conditions, our MWB team in Romania believe that God is with us, and together with all people that support MWB, we can bring light and hope to the minds and hearts of discouraged people in our country. "We have had the opportunity to help thousands of children and hundreds of families that struggle with diverse needs, and through all the things we do, we can really show our neighbours the love of Jesus in a tangible way. We are full of expectations and hope for the future. "From all our team and from all the people we care for, please receive our words of gratitude towards those who support us materially and prayerfully." Sponsor a child or family in Romania 1,599 hygience parcels distributed to women prisoners 1,643 children supported through our sponsorship programme 338 families helped towards self sufficiency through our sponsorship programme EXPLORE OUR STORIES Delivering Hope in the Midst of Chaos The man of the house before he was ever a child “Look! Chocolate!” "This is one of the toughest areas we work in" FOLLOW US FOR THE LATEST NEWS Subscribe to MWB Give a life-changing gift HELP WARM HEARTS THIS WINTER australia@mwbi.org Mission Without Borders 49/ 8 Avenue of The Americas Newington NSW 2127 Postal Address : PO Box 7533 Silverwater NSW 1811 Why Mission Without Borders Presents for the future Copyright © 2008- 2020 by Mission Without Borders \| Terms Of Use \| Privacy Statement \| Login	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9480
__label__wiki	0.830356	0.830356	CK Tedam, a great patriot, NPP legend – Akufo-Addo mourns Source: Ghana\| Myjoyonline.com \|Abubakar Ibrahim \|abubakar.ibrahim@myjoyonline.com Deeply saddened President Akufo-Addo has described the late Clement Kubindiwu Tedam, as a great Ghanaian patriot, and a stalwart and legend of the New Patriotic Party (NPP). “C.K. Tedam leaves a big void not only in the NPP family and in the Ghanaian nation, but also in my personal life, as he was a constant and consistent source of good, invaluable counsel. I will miss him dearly,” the President said hours after the announcement of his passing. The member of the Paga Royal Family was the last surviving member of the Northern People’s Party, the first NPP, passed early Friday morning. Mr Tedam became an important activist of the United Party, Progress Party, Popular Front Party and NPP, and played an integral and vibrant part in the development of the Danquah-Dombo-Busia political tradition. Age did not diminish his commitment to the cause of the NPP, and, despite his advanced age, he was very active in the affairs of the party until the very end and a major influence on its growth. He served graciously on several committees of the party, and, as Chair of the Council of Elders, he played an invaluable and unforgettable role in preserving the stability and unity of the party, when it became embroiled in a series of unnecessary disputes that sought, deliberately, to undermine its coherence. C.K. Tedam was a rock in that painful era of distress, and this and succeeding generations of adherents of the Danquah-Dombo-Busia political tradition will always honour and treasure his memory. President Akufo-Addo lauded how as Member of Parliament, Minister for Local Government, Member of the Council of State, he served his nation well, and worked with others. “Against great odds, to help entrench the values of respect for the rule of law, individual liberties and human rights, and the principles of democratic accountability in the body politic of our nation, helping, after a long struggle, to make the mantra of “Development in Freedom” the dominant principle in Ghanaian politics,” he said. According to him, Mr Tedam belonged to the group of Ghanaians, who never wavered in their belief that a vigorous, market economy would best serve the needs of growth and development of our nation. “I extend my deepest condolences to the Paga Pio, Charles Awia Awamampaga, to his family and to the New Patriotic Party, and to all the people of Ghana, who have suffered a great loss in the departure of their faithful servant,” he concluded. Chief wants special concessionary fund set up for UHAS Hohoe campus NIC launches Basic Insurance Education at second cycle institutions B-BOVID receives support from four major corporate donors Achieving 2019 revenue target was due to recent policy measures – GRA boss Government supplies food items to school feeding caterers GHPL: Five things we learned from matchday 5 GhaTT lauds Mahama's decision to cancel teacher exams if elected Ladies keep sending me their nude videos, photos – ‘Attaa Adwoa’ hitmaker Accident on motorway leaves several people injured ‘Double track is on track,’ gov’t rips GNECC claims K. K. Sarpong does not benefit from or own Fueltrade	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9488
__label__cc	0.549662	0.450338	From The Lion King Wiki Revision as of 15:26, 12 April 2010 by Takoto (Talk \| contribs) Name Pride Rock Home to Simba's Pride Appearances The Lion King The Lion King II: Simba's Pride The Lion King 1½ Pumbaa: "Pride Rock." Timon: "So majestic." Pumbaa: "So powerful." Timon: "So....bizarrely named. Pumbaa, how can a rock be proud? It's a rock!" Pumbaa: "Well, I think it's because a "pride" is what they call a group of lions." Timon: "Oh, sure, the lions get Pride Rock." Pride Rock is a large, mountain-like rock located in the north of The Pridelands. A pack of Lion's is known as a Pride, which is where Pride Rock gets it's name, being home to Simba's Pride. Animals Gathering Around Pride Rock A cavern in the right side the mountain is were the lion pride sleeps. Rulers of Pride Rock Mohatu Ahadi Kovu (Sucession assumed) Retrieved from "https://www.mylionking.com/w/index.php?title=Pride_Rock&oldid=200"	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9489
__label__wiki	0.936887	0.936887	The Latest: Stefanos Tsitsipas wins in 3 sets over Caruso Authorities say at least 28 killed in landslides in Burundi by: ELOGE WILLY KANEZA, Associated Press Posted: Dec 5, 2019 / 10:01 AM CST / Updated: Dec 5, 2019 / 10:01 AM CST NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) — At least 28 people have died in landslides in Burundi and that toll could grow with many people missing, local authorities said Thursday, as East Africa continued to struggle with weeks of unusually heavy rains. A local official in Mugina commune, Desire Ndagijimana told The Associated Press that the bodies had been counted in the hilly areas of Rukombe and Nyempundu communities in Cibitoke province in the northwest. “Many other families, including husbands, wives and children, are still missing. We think they are under their houses’ ruins,” Ndagijimana said. Burundi’s security ministry in a Twitter post confirmed 26 people dead, with 10 missing and seven others injured. The chief of Nyamakarabo zone in Mugina commune, Renovat Ndayisenga, said local authorities and the Red Cross continued to search the hills for any survivors. Several countries in East Africa, including Somalia, Kenya, Uganda and Djibouti, have reported deadly flooding and landslides in recent weeks of heavy rains, with more in the forecast for the region. Follow Africa news at https://twitter.com/AP_Africa More Top News Stories by HYUNG-JIN KIM, Associated Press / Jan 20, 2020 SEOUL, South Korea (AP) — The U.S. ambassador to South Korea has some unusual explanations for the harsh criticism he's faced in his host country. His mustache, maybe? Or a Japanese ancestry that raises unpleasant reminders of Japan's former colonial domination of Korea? Many South Koreans, however, have a more straight-forward explanation for Harry Harris' struggle to win hearts and minds in Seoul, and it's got more to do with an outspoken manner that they see as undiplomatic and rude.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9491
__label__cc	0.515139	0.484861	RESIST mob rule: We do not live in a “democracy,” and the deranged mob cannot violate our civil liberties Tuesday, May 22, 2018 by: Mike Adams Tags: democracy, freedom, gun rights, left cult, Liberal Mob, Liberty, lunatic mob, mob rule, republic, school shootings, Second Amendment, self-defense, Tyranny (Natural News) We do not live in a democracy, and we’re not subject to mob rule. We actually live in a constitutional Republic, where individual liberties are protected against the mob, making sure that our liberties cannot be eliminated by a deranged mob, no matter how animated its hatred or lunacy. Those rights, of course, include the Second Amendment. And yet, the deranged, lawless Left believes that if enough of them start screaming like lunatics, demanding to violate the rights of the individual, that they can confiscate all guns from law-abiding Americans by invoking — and this is not a joke — government thugs with guns. In other words, the lunatic Left somehow believes that guns are so bad, they should be monopolized in the hands of the least trusted sector of society: the government. Furthermore, the lunatic Left also believes that government should use coercion and the threat of violence to disarm law-abiding citizens who have committed no crimes whatsoever. That’s because being a leftist is now synonymous with advocating authoritarianism. Leftists have become fanatical zealots who despise individual liberty. Thank goodness our Founding Fathers recognized the madness of crowds and the threat of deranged, lunatic mobs (also known as “Demoncrats”). That’s why they enshrined the protection of individual liberties via the Bill of Rights. Watch my full video to learn more: To learn more about gun rights, read SecondAmendment.news. Join the upcoming Brighteon.com platform to exercise pro-2A free speech that’s being banned everywhere else. Previous :Health Ranger unleashes epic rant against tech giants’ censorship and attempted extermination of independent voices Next : Lying left-wing media in total PANIC as deep state conspiracy against Trump unravels Receive Our Free Email Newsletter Get independent news alerts on natural cures, food lab tests, cannabis medicine, science, robotics, drones, privacy and more. More news on democracy Renowned author and journalist Jim Kunstler: “We may not have a 2020 election” because of ongoing coup attempt against duly elected President Trump Profit-focused American companies are picking China’s side in Hong Kong democracy protest as they bend to Communist regime that jails dissidents and harvests their organs ESPN joins the NBA in betraying Americans and allying with communist China It’s time for all Americans to REJECT China and all those orgs that support China, such as the NBA China doesn’t have to invade America, it has already taken control over our politicians and cultural elite Taiwan citizens protest communist Chinese infiltration of their national media… but U.S. citizens say nothing as the same happens in America Dear President Trump: If you do not end censorship by Big Tech, you will lose the election and thrust America into a violent civil war Hollywood studios’ demand for round-the-clock abortions reveals demonic sickness and psychopathy of the “entertainment” industry, including Disney After the wave of pro-liberty election victories across Europe, globalists blast Facebook for not doing enough to censor conservative voices… seriously? The U.S.’s problem with PC-culture: Lack of free speech will be the country’s downfall About the author: Mike Adams (aka the “Health Ranger“) is a best selling author (#1 best selling science book on Amazon.com called “Food Forensics“), an environmental scientist, a patent holder for a cesium radioactive isotope elimination invention, a multiple award winner for outstanding journalism, a science news publisher and influential commentator on topics ranging from science and medicine to culture and politics. Follow his videos, podcasts, websites and science projects at the links below. Mike Adams serves as the founding editor of NaturalNews.com and the lab science director of an internationally accredited (ISO 17025) analytical laboratory known as CWC Labs. There, he was awarded a Certificate of Excellence for achieving extremely high accuracy in the analysis of toxic elements in unknown water samples using ICP-MS instrumentation. Adams is also highly proficient in running liquid chromatography, ion chromatography and mass spectrometry time-of-flight analytical instrumentation. He has also achieved numerous laboratory breakthroughs in the programming of automated liquid handling robots for sample preparation and external standards prep. The U.S. patent office has awarded Mike Adams patent NO. US 9526751 B2 for the invention of “Cesium Eliminator,” a lifesaving invention that removes up to 95% of radioactive cesium from the human digestive tract. Adams has pledged to donate full patent licensing rights to any state or national government that needs to manufacture the product to save human lives in the aftermath of a nuclear accident, disaster, act of war or act of terrorism. He has also stockpiled 10,000 kg of raw material to manufacture Cesium Eliminator in a Texas warehouse, and plans to donate the finished product to help save lives in Texas when the next nuclear event occurs. 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In his laboratory research, Adams has made numerous food safety breakthroughs such as revealing rice protein products imported from Asia to be contaminated with toxic heavy metals like lead, cadmium and tungsten. Adams was the first food science researcher to document high levels of tungsten in superfoods. He also discovered over 11 ppm lead in imported mangosteen powder, and led an industry-wide voluntary agreement to limit heavy metals in rice protein products. In addition to his lab work, Adams is also the (non-paid) executive director of the non-profit Consumer Wellness Center (CWC), an organization that redirects 100% of its donations receipts to grant programs that teach children and women how to grow their own food or vastly improve their nutrition. Through the non-profit CWC, Adams also launched Nutrition Rescue, a program that donates essential vitamins to people in need. Click here to see some of the CWC success stories. 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__label__cc	0.71849	0.28151	nomipalony December 3, 2018 Family Ultimate guide to the best Christmas films for families with young children You lovely lot seemed to enjoy my ultimate guide to the best Halloween TV shows and films for families with young children so much that I thought I would do a Christmas one. This is aimed at families with young children. None of the films are over a PG rating. Like the Halloween guide for your convenience, where possible I’ve noted the year they were released, the age rating, the IMDB rating and a link to buy them (or rent them) if they are on Amazon. If it’s available on Netflix, I’ve mentioned it. The Disney ones will be available on Disney Life too. I’ve ordered them from most recent to oldest for your ease. I hope you find this helpful… 1. The Christmas Chronicles (2018), TV PG, 1h 44min, IMDb 7.4, (Netflix) Our new family favourite. This one is going to be a classic I can tell. From the people who brought us Harry Potter the Philosopher’s Stone and Home Alone, it’s the best new Christmas movie to come along in years. Kurt Russell is frankly a GILF as Santa. Don’t believe me, wait till his singing number and you’ll find yourself asking if it’s wrong to fancy Father Christmas. It’s a classic ‘save Christmas’ caper with plenty of adventure and cheese. Perfect for the whole family and proving yet again that Netflix original programming is second to none. This is cinema worthy production. 2. Dreamworks Holiday Favourites (2018), 1h 39min, PG This includes one of our personal faves Shrek the Halls which will be played in our house many times over December. It also has Merry Madagascar, Po’s Winter Wonderland, Dragon’s Gift of the Night Fury and many more. On Netflix, search Dreamworks Holiday Classics and you’ll find a similar collection from 2011. 3. Angela’s Christmas (2017), 30min, IMDb 7.3 (Netflix) New but we didn’t really rate this. Despite it being a short, the kids got bored. It’s sweet and ye olde but not super christmassy and no laughs. 4. Olaf’s Frozen Adventure (2017), U, 22min, IMDb 5.2 A Christmas themed Frozen special. Cute short with some catchy songs and funny moments the whole family can enjoy. My personal fave is when the Oaken guy whips his towel off for Olaf, makes me laugh every time. 5. Trolls Holiday (2017) U, 26min, IMDb 6.2 (Netflix) A seasonal Troll’s short where Queen of the Trolls, Poppy, finds out that the Bergen’s don’t have holidays and enlists the help of her Troll friends to fix that. Not Christmassy enough for me tbh. 6. Stick Man (2015), U, 27min, IMDb 7.1 Stick Man lives in the family tree with his Stick Lady Love and their stick children three, and he’s heading on an epic adventure across the seasons. Will he get back to his family in time for Christmas? Voiced by esteemed British actors such as Martin Freeman, Jennifer Saunders and Rob Brydon. We haven’t watched this one yet but it sounds cute. 7. Toy Story That Time Forgot (2014), U, 22min, IMDb 7.2 I was hesitant to include this as it’s not massively Christmassy but it is technically still a Christmas film so here it is. ‘It’s a post-Christmas play-date and the toys have to go up against the fearsome and aggressive new dino toys’. Not my favourite Toy Story short by any stretch. 8. The Snowman and the Snowdog (2012), U, 24min, IMDb 7.1 Personally, I think this sequel and homage to the Snowman is better than the original. I love the track Light the Night by Andy Burrows (of Razorlight, We are Scientists and Smith and Burrows fame), it’s such a tune. 9. Arthur Christmas (2011), U, 1h 37min, IMDb 7.1 (Netflix) ‘Arthur Christmas reveals the incredible, never-before seen answer to every child’s question: ‘So how does Santa deliver all those presents in one night?’ The answer: Santa’s exhilarating, ultra-high-tech operation hidden beneath the North Pole. But at the centre of the film is a story about a family in a state of comic dysfunction and an unlikely hero, Arthur, with an urgent mission that must be completed before Christmas morning dawns.’ Good film but feels a bit long and looses it’s way at times. 10. The Search for Santa Paws (2010), U, 1h 36min, IMDb 5.7 ‘Magic dogs and an elf team up with two children to rescue Santa who has lost his memory’. These films with the talking animals are pretty ghastly but kids tend to love them! If they like this then there is also Santa Paws 2: The Santa Pups (2012). If you like puppy Christmas films there is also Santa Buddies. I was going to add Santa Claws in at this point (for the cat lovers) but with an awful plot and IMDb rating of 3 I couldn’t do that to you! 11. Nativity (2009), U, 1h 45min, IMDb 6.5 (Netflix) British comedy based around a school nativity play starring Martin Freeman. Nativity Rocks, the 4th sequel to this, is out at cinemas this Christmas but is currently scoring a dismal IMDb rating of 4.8. I find anything below a 5 is painful. 12. Curious George: A Very Monkey Christmas (2009), TV-G, 58min, IMDb 6.5 ‘George and the Man in the Yellow Hat are having a merry time counting down to Christmas. But neither can decide on what to give each other. Will they find the answers before Christmas morning?’. I like watching Curious George so I can feel intellectually superior to the Man in the Yellow Hat who despite being some sort of scientist is frankly devoid of any common sense. In my humble opinion he gives that monkey far too much freedom and responsibility. 13. The Polar Express (2004), U, 1h 40min, IMDb 6.6 This is our family Christmas film. We watch it on ‘Christmas tree day’ every year. It holds such special memories for our family after our son Arlo fell in love with it at 2 years old. It’s an excellent Christmas film full of songs, adventure and magic. 14. Mickey’s Twice upon a Christmas (2004), U, 1h 8min, IMDb 6.6 Sequel to Mickey’s Once upon a Christmas containing 5 mini films; Belles on Ice, Christmas: Impossible, Christmas maximus, Donald’s Gift and Mickey’s Dog-Gone Christmas. 15. Elf (2003), PG, 1h 37min, IMDb 6.9 Perhaps the funniest Christmas film of them all. Can you believe it’s getting so old now – I still think of this as a new Christmas film. 16. Mickey’s Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse (2001), U, 1h 5min, IMDb 6.8 A collection of Christmas themed Disney shorts. This one is my favourite Mickey Christmas production as it contains Mickey’s Christmas Carol which is a lovely 26 minute Disney short version of A Christmas Carol (scoring 8 on IMDb in its standalone movie format). It also has another favourite of mine ‘Pluto’s Christmas Tree’ featuring Chip and Dale. I’m pretty sure both of these were on my Disney videos from the 80s/90s and watching them takes me right back to being a girl again, excited for Christmas. 17. The Grinch (2000), PG, 1h 44min, IMDb 6.1 I’ve never liked the Grinch. I dislike the aesthetics of it and find the story boring, so does my 6-year-old but my 3-year-old loves it. We are looking forward to checking the new one out though. 18. Olive, the Other Reindeer (1999), G, 45min, IMDb 7.1 ‘When Santa cancels his annual flight because of a hurt reindeer, a young Christmas loving dog named Olive is convinced she has what it takes to get Santa’s flight off the ground and save Christmas.’ Olive is voiced by Drew Barrymore. Another one we’ll be watching for the first time this year. 19. Mickey’s Once upon a Christmas (1999), U, 1h 6min, IMDb 7.2 3 Christmas tales starring all the Disney favourites, narrated by Kelsey Grammar. 20. Jack Frost (1998), PG, 1h 41min, IMDb 5.3 (Netflix) The plot of this is absolutely bonkers but it’s a Christmas classic none the less! ‘A father who can’t keep his promises, dies in a car accident. One year later, he returns as a snowman, who has the final chance to put things right with his son, before he is gone forever’. Mega creepy but also all the feels. 21. Jingle All the Way (1996), PG, 1h 29min, IMDb 5.5 A father vows to get his son a Turbo Man action figure for Christmas. However, every store is sold out of them and hijinks ensue as he tries to get one in time. 22. The Santa Clause (1, 2 and 3), (1994), U, 1h 33min, IMDb 6.3 When Tim Allen inadvertently kills Santa on Christmas Eve, he finds himself magically recruited to take his place. Very funny and dry classic for the whole family to enjoy. 23. Miracle of 34th Street (1994), U, 1h 54min, IMDb 6.5 A lawyer and a little girl must prove that a man claiming to be Santa Claus is the real thing. 24. Nightmare Before Christmas (1993), 1h 13min, PG, IMDb 8 Jack Skellington, king of Halloween Town, discovers Christmas Town, but his attempts to bring Christmas to his home causes confusion. Not super Christmassy and not my most fave. To be honest, I see this more as a Halloween film but the Christmas Town stuff makes it a crossover film. 25. Muppets Christmas Carol (1992), U, 1h 25min, IMDb 7.7 The Muppets version of a Christmas Carol. I can’t believe this was 1992. I thought it was modern. I feel old. 26. Home Alone (1990), PG, 1h 43min, IMDb 7.5 Is there anyone left who has not seen this? If so, just go bloody watch it already, it’s a classic. 27. Santa Claus the Movie (1985), U, 1h 48min, IMDb 6.1 The legend of Santa Claus is put in jeopardy when an unscrupulous toy manufacturer attempts to take over Christmas. 28. The Snowman (1982), U, 26min, IMDb 8.2 The 1980s Christmas classic in which a young boy builds a snowman that comes to life on Christmas eve and takes him to the North Pole to meet Santa Claus. In the re-released version, David Bowie voices older James, oh how I miss him so. 29. Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (1964), U, 47min, IMDb 8.1 A misfit reindeer and his friends look for a place that will accept them. Old AF but excellent IMDb rating gets this on my list. So there you go, enough films for all of December, and some of November too if you are an eager beaver! What are your family’s favourite Christmas films? Let me know in the comments. Disclaimer: This blog post contains affiliate links. If you buy a product through an affiliate link you won’t pay a penny more but I will receive a small fee for referring you. You can read my full disclosure policy on my about page. Top 5 family-friendly music camping festivals near North … A normal weekend in the North East … International Women’s Day 2019 Giveaway bundle of 7 … AD: Top tips for Disney On Ice … christmas, family films Previous Post Christmas gift ideas for modern women Next Post 10 best unicorn gifts for kids Chloe - New Girl in Toon December 9, 2018 / 17:30 I can’t believe I have never seen the Polar Express, you’ve really made me realise that I need to watch it this year, not sure it’s on Netflix though! We LOVE the first Nativity but I can’t believe they are still making more and more of them, stop already! Nothing will ever beat the original. Our stack of Christmas DVDs is now on the coffee table ready to be watched!	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9498
__label__wiki	0.920974	0.920974	Jacob deGrom won't rule out innings limit if Mets don't offer contract extension If the Mets do not extend Jacob deGrom's contract, the righty said he would consult with his agents regarding potential innings restrictions. Jacob deGrom won't rule out innings limit if Mets don't offer contract extension If the Mets do not extend Jacob deGrom's contract, the righty said he would consult with his agents regarding potential innings restrictions. Check out this story on northjersey.com: https://www.northjersey.com/story/sports/mlb/mets/2019/02/14/jacob-degrom-could-consider-limits-if-no-contract-offer-ny-mets/2868600002/ Matt Ehalt, MLB writer Published 2:51 p.m. ET Feb. 14, 2019 \| Updated 8:15 p.m. ET Feb. 14, 2019 PORT ST. LUCIE, Fla. — If the Mets won't extend Jacob deGrom's contract, they may not be able to use their ace as much as they'd like this upcoming season. DeGrom did not rule out the possibility of an innings restriction or other limitations Thursday in his first public comments since setting an opening day deadline for extension talks. Manager Mickey Callaway officially announced deGrom as the opening day starter on March 28 against the Nationals. More: Mets say they want Jacob deGrom to stay, but actions haven't backed up words DeGrom enjoys being a Met, but the Mets haven't made an offer, leading to potential usage restrictions. New York Mets pitcher Jacob deGrom throws during spring training baseball practice Thursday, Feb. 14, 2019, in Port St. Lucie, Fla. (Photo: Jeff Roberson, AP) "I think that’s going to be a discussion that’s going to have to be had with my agents," deGrom said of the possible restrictions. "I’m going to have to sit down with them and really see what they think is best for me moving forward." The clock is ticking on the Mets' chance to extend deGrom, and frustration is starting to build. DeGrom did not say he's personally frustrated, but there is some annoyance in his camp, per a source. The Mets told deGrom's agents two months ago they would make an offer, and both parties confirmed Thursday that has yet to happen. General manager Brodie Van Wagenen said the organization is still running analysis and going through "considerations." "Everybody knows Jacob deGrom deserves to be handsomely rewarded for his performance," Van Wagenen said. "We need to make sure that the contract, and what we’re willing to do is something he’s willing to do and it makes sense for this organization short term and long term. That’s what we’re trying to work through." New York Mets pitcher Jacob deGrom pauses as he speaks to the media following spring training baseball practice Thursday, Feb. 14, 2019, in Port St. Lucie, Fla. (Photo: Jeff Roberson, AP) More: Brodie Van Wagenen not shy about his high hopes for this year's Mets How many innings deGrom pitches for the Mets could become a topic should the deadline pass since one of his CAA agents, Jeff Berry, has floated the possibility of soon-to-be free agents doing what they can to preserve their health. Berry wrote a memo last year that mentioned players making "smart business decisions" and implementing guidelines that help maximize performance and limit decline. For a pitcher, limiting innings is one way to help prevent wear and tear. "I would like to be a part of this team’s future," deGrom said. "I would like the feeling to be mutual, but that’s just something that we’re going to have to see. The main goal is to get ready for the season and make sure I’m ready to go out there and pitch." Van Wagenen is planning to meet soon with Berry to discuss deGrom, and perhaps those face-to-face talks can help build momentum toward a deal. Jacob deGrom (l) readies to throw a pitch Thursday morning. (Photo: Matt Ehalt/The Record) Though deGrom and Van Wagenen both said the hope is to minimize distractions by imposing a deadline, the reality is this will hang over the Mets throughout spring and potentially into the season. The team has repeatedly said it wants to sign its best player to an extension, but so far its actions have yet to back up its words. Should the Mets fall out of the race again, it could rekindle trade talks like last summer when Van Wagenen, then deGrom's agent, called for the Mets to consider trading their ace if an extension wasn't a possibility. Van Wagenen said Thursday that he was acting on deGrom's half at the time, but hopes he's built a team deGrom believes in. "Hopefully I’ve done my part this offseason in collection with all of the people that have helped us put this team together," Van Wagenen said. "But now we have a team that hopefully is a little bit more compelling for him to see a future here and hopefully we can come to an understanding about what that future looks like." DeGrom has not yet decided if he will consider signing an extension next spring when he will be just one year from free agency, which could make that option more appealing. He only has to wait a short time then to find out how much others value him. New York Mets pitcher Jacob deGrom, right, talks with catcher Wilson Ramos after throwing a bullpen session during spring training baseball practice Thursday, Feb. 14, 2019, in Port St. Lucie, Fla. (Photo: Jeff Roberson, AP) It's telling that the starter has no feel for whether the new extension will happen or not. "I honestly have no clue. There hasn’t really been many talks," deGrom said. "That can change in one phone call." DeGrom has support in the clubhouse with several of his teammates stating they hope the Mets reward deGrom after his historic season. "I definitely am pulling for him. He's a good friend and it'd be good for him and his family to get that type of contract," said lefty starter Steven Matz, one of deGrom's closest friends on the team. "For what he's done for this organization and how he's always done the right thing, everyone wants to see him succeed." More NY Mets news 5th starter: Why the Mets are handing Jason Vargas a spot in the starting rotation Looking for improvement: Mickey Callaway ready to build off uneven first year as Mets manager Ready for challenge: Edwin Diaz set for challenge of being Mets closer in front of tough New York crowd Download our apps and get alerts for local news, weather, traffic and more. iPhone app \| iPad app \| Android app \| Sign up for our newsletter \| Subscribe\| Find us on social media: Twitter \| Sports Twitter \| Facebook \| Instagram \| Food Instagram	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9500
__label__cc	0.603839	0.396161	We use cookies on this website to improve how its used. By continuing to use this site, you consent to the use of cookies. hello@norwelledge.com [% total_qty %] Basket [% total_qty %] modules in basket [% total_qty %] module in basket Your bespoke programme currently includes [% total_qty %] modules Your bespoke programme currently includes [% total_qty %] module You have no modules in your basket yet! [% item.quantity %] x [% item.item_name %] [% item.item_name %] [% item.module_length.toLowerCase() %] Norwell EDGE Blog Essay I How Can Tanzania Use Its Oil & Gas Resources To Successfully Diversify The National Economy? Norwell EDGE recently supported the Tanzania Oil & Gas Congress Student Essay Contest. You can read the winning by Daudi Mkilin here. Daudi is studying Science in Industrial Engineering at the University of Dar es Salaam. Find out more about Daudi here. How Can Tanzania Use Its Oil and Gas Resources To Successfully Diversify The National Economy? By Daudi Mkilin Like many developed countries such as USA, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, China, Norway, Algeria, Iran, Canada and Australia, just to mention a few Tanzania is one of those blessed countries by having a lot of natural resources particularly oil and gas. However, Tanzania is still underdeveloped and its economic growth is not inclusive. Since 1974 natural gas was discovered at Songo-songo in Lindi region and it was estimated at a level of 1 to 2.5 trillion cubic feet’s (tcf). Further discoveries were made at Mnazi Bay in Mtwara region in 1982. The discoveries of the two propelled further exploration of gas both onshore and offshore. Tanzania had more than dozen onshore discoveries and production wells with total estimates resources of more than 10tcf, and further discoveries offshore of more than 35tcf on March 2013 (Nancy Birdshall, April 2017), currently its estimated to be more than 57tcf both onshore and offshore reserves (TanzaniaInvest, 2018). Of all this, however national economic growth is not inclusive. This essay discusses the strategies in which Tanzania can use its natural gas and oil to diversify its national economy. It suggests roles to be executed by the government and its people to enhance the diversified national economy. One strategy is to ensure active state participation in oil and gas companies. Research shows that in countries which have made progress in managing natural resources, with regards to oil and gas the state play an active role in all aspects concerning ownership, regulation, distribution, and appropriation of benefits obtained from such resources (Jingu, 2013). For example, Norway state owns 67% of Statoil, a company which controls about 80% of the oil and gas industry in the entire country. In the same way, the Tanzania government can use that strategy to ensure inclusive growth of its people. In addition, this type of participation will increase the national revenues which can be used for development projects. Another strategy is to invest in capacity building and human resources to fully engage in gas extraction. According to (Nancy Birdshall, April 2017) most important skilled jobs in Tanzania are done by expatriate labors while indigenous are being excluded and sometimes despised. This is only because these people lack enough knowledge about the matter leaving foreigner control the stakes of oil and gas. Furthermore as the revenues of gas start flowing in the near future it's important to make sure that the future generation shares benefits. This may be achieved by investing in capacity buildings and human resources. Tanzania global competitiveness ranking is 113 out of 137 counties ranked in 2017-2018 and its worst-performing indicator is capacity building and high education training (Forum, 2017-2018). With regard to that, the government of Tanzania has to empower is people so that they can work confidently in oil and gas companies. Hiring local residents in the area of oil and gas development. As (Cheru, 2017) argues that gas producing countries which have attained development by committing gas companies in supporting local business and workers by purchasing goods and services from local suppliers and hiring local residents in those companies. A good example is Canada which has very higher environmental standards for its people, committed to indigenous engagement and working in oil and gas companies (Notes, 2017). By doing this will enhance successfully diversification of the national economy. Using revenues obtained from oil and gas exportation in the development of physical infrastructure. Research has proven that any nation aspiring to economic diversification ought to create a friendly environment for business and accessible infrastructure (Crispimy, 2017). Good infrastructure will provide better areas for doing business, as Tanzania is ranked as 137 out of 190 easy of doing business country in 2018 (Report, June 2018). This worse performance is contributed with poor national infrastructure. Furthermore, Tanzania can take a lesson from developed countries such as Malaysia, Netherland and Thailand by installing specific gas revenue management mechanism (Kayoza, 2013) particularly by investing the revenue obtained in the development of infrastructure. Thus, it is important in investing in physical infrastructure to propel the national economy. Ensuring the use of gas in the production process of a wide range of industries as chemical feedstock and fuel sources for industries. According to (Notes, 2017) gas has low carbon intensity and therefore it needs limited processing before use, which makes it a choice fuel for feedstock and for high energy consuming industries. Furthermore, it can be used in the manufacturing of fertilizer and petrochemicals which are more important in agriculture. This will provide employment to Tanzania people and generate more revenues, hence inclusive growth. There should be transparency and accountability. Transparency facilitates partnership of various stakeholders in the country to ensure that they get a fair deal in concessions. Disclosure of production-sharing contracts and petroleum development agreements increases the integrity and legitimacy of deals and, hence, their sustainability. On the other hand, secrecy increases the propensity of corrupt deals and public mistrust. Secrecy tends to be associated with under-the-table deals which by their very nature tend to attract opposition from the people and hence making them unsustainable. The benefits of transparency have made several countries and companies to embrace it. Indeed, some companies such as BP in Azerbaijan already view secrecy of contracts and the perception that revealing contracts is a “commercially sensitive thing” as an “anachronism (Jingu, 2013). In any state where transparent and accountability is a vital issue, it is likely to increase the national economy. Conclusively, with appropriates policies, Tanzania has the potential of benefiting from its oil and gas to achieve social economic development. (Mentzsen, 2018) Apart from that, there should be a fair distribution of natural gas revenues. It is worth stressing that a fair distribution of the revenues is a critical factor of social justice. With poverty ravaging millions of Tanzanians in rural and urban areas, natural gas discoveries come as a new hope to them. Natural resource extraction is known for creating and aggravating asymmetries in wealth and increasing the gaps between the rich and the poor; which, as a consequence, play part in the institutionalization of corruption and give leeway for oppressive regimes to maintain their political dominance. Thus the Government of Tanzania should determinedly ensure that revenues collected from natural gas proceeds practically transform people’s lives and foster human development and hence national it will be possible to ensure diversified economic growth. References Cheru, A. (2017, September Sunday). Natural gas development in Tanzania, challenges and opportunities. (D. Mkilindi, Interviewer) Crispimy, J. (2017). Economic diversification. Public economy, 45-46. Forum, W. e. (2017-2018). Global competitiveness ranking. Jingu, I. S. (2013). Tanzania and the Quest for sustainable utilization of oil and gas. Tanzania and the Quest for sustainable utilization of oil and gas, 6-7. Kayoza, M. N. (2013). Tanzania Gas sector economy in the Light of human development. Economic and social research foundation, 2. Mentzsen, G. (2018, September Tuesday). Commercial Manager, Statoil. (M. daudi, Interviewer) Nancy Birdshall, J. F. (April 2017). Grantee Final report, how should Tanzania use its Natural gas? Dar es Salaam. Notes, B. (2017). Natural gas development in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam. Report, W. B. (June 2018). Doing business 2018. Washington: World Bank group. TanzaniaInvest. (2018, September). Tanzaniainvest. Retrieved from TanzaniaInvest.com: www.tanzaniainvest.com Back to Norwell EDGE Blog Latest news from Norwell EDGE Norwell EDGE Launches Customisable Training Platform Tackling The Skills Crisis – How Can Digital Learning Help? Awards Success At Offshore Achievement Awards Sign-up for news and training updates Payments Secured by Stripe Created with Sketch. Join the EDGE Community Well Planning Well Engineering Specialised Applications Training for you © Norwell EDGE 2020	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9501
__label__cc	0.701525	0.298475	COPD (smoker's lung): causes, symptoms, treatments Why does a person get chronic bronchitis and COPD? Find out here. Reviewed by Patricia Macnair Mutlu KurtbasGetty Images What is chronic bronchitis (COPD)? Chronic bronchitis is a chronic inflammatory condition in the lungs that causes the respiratory passages to be swollen and irritated, increases the mucus production and damages the lungs. The symptoms are coughing and breathlessness, which will get worse over the years. The definition of chronic bronchitis is chronic cough or mucus production for at least three months in two successive years when other causes have been excluded. In emphysema, there is a slightly different problem developing in the lungs as the walls between the tiny grape-shaped air sacs or alveoli are damaged and break down. They then form into much larger airspaces and there is less surface for gas exchange, so oxygen intake is less and the person feels breathless. These two conditions both come under an umbrella term 'COPD' (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) used to describe lung damage resulting in airflow restriction. In fact, most people who have COPD have a combination of both emphysema and chronic obstructive bronchitis. COPD accounts for about 7 per cent of all days off work from sickness and the annual NHS workload for COPD exceeds that for asthma. The most important 'treatment' is to quit smoking – most people who develop chronic bronchitis are smokers. Why does a person get chronic bronchitis and COPD? Smoking is the most important cause of chronic bronchitis. Other things that make it worse are air pollution and allergy. The seriousness of the disease depends on how much and for how long a person has been smoking. Some people may be more vulnerable than others because of their genetic make-up. What does chronic bronchitis feel like? You cough a lot, sometimes (especially as the disease progresses) every day. You easily get short of breath. Your sputum is thick and difficult to cough up. You become much more susceptible to chest infections. What can I do myself? If you smoke: QUIT! It is never too late. Your doctor or pharmacist can provide advice on smoking cessation products and techniques. Avoid environmental irritatants or pollution, such as smoke. Make sure respiratory infections are treated immediately. Avoid passive smoking. Follow good general health advice with a balanced diet and regular exercise. How can the doctor tell if I have COPD? The history of symptoms is usually a good guide to the diagnosis, especially in a smoker. But some other lung and heart diseases give the same symptoms as COPD. NICE (the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) recommend that to make an clear diagnosis and assess the severity of the condition.the following tests may be helpful. Chest X-ray to exclude other diagnoses (and then a CT scan if necessary to investigate abnormalities). Lung function tests known as spirometry which also look at whether the lung function improves with bronchodilator drugs. A blood test to check for infection, anaemia or other problems. Body mass index (BMI) calculation to check for overweight. How can I make my life a bit easier? COPD can often be improved to some extent by avoiding the factors that aggravate the symptoms and carefully following advice about the use of medical treatments. The most important thing you must do is quit smoking. If you live or work in an area with heavy air pollution, you must do everything in your power to avoid or reduce the risk. If necessary, consider getting a new job. Avoid sudden temperature changes or cold, moist weather. Is it important to exercise by taking walks or other activities? Yes. You should try and keep active, because this helps to keep your lungs and cardiovascular system healthy. Medication for COPD People with diagnosed COPD should be looked after by a multi-disciplinary team, including health professionals such as a doctor (who may be a GP or a hospital respiratory consultant) a respiratory nurse specialist, physiotherapist, and occupational therapist. These teams work in the community but if the disease progresses referral to hospital may be necessary. It's important to maintain a positive attitude to treatment of COPD. The condition is not curable but can often be improved, and there are a number of treatments your doctor may recommend. The difference between COPD and asthma is that the airway obstruction in asthma is reversible with treatment such as bronchodilator drugs, whereas in COPD it is largely irreversible. There is a small degree of reversibility in COPD, however, and it should be exploited as a proportion of patients with COPD do respond to bronchodilator agents, such as beta-agonists and anticholinergics, with significant changes in lung function. So the first aim of treatment should be to reverse some of the airway obstruction if possible. Short-acting bronchodilators are used first to open the airways and relieve symptoms as and when they occur but if a person with stable COPD remains breathless or has exacerbations, either long-acting beta-agonist inhalers or long-acting anticholinergics inhalers should be used as a maintenance therapy (ie long term treatment taken regularly). Inhaled anticholinergics are very important in COPD because their unique mode of action targets the major reversible component of airflow obstruction in COPD – cholinergic tone (ie constriction of the muscles in the tiny airways controlled by the nerve transmitter chemical acetylcholine). Anticholinergics drugs are not indicated in asthma, however. If the person's lung function is still poor then an inhaled corticosteroid is added in combination with the bronchodilator. There are several different combination inhalers currently in use. Oral treatments may also be used as well as inhalers in more severe COPD or during an exacerbation (a period when things get worse, for example if a chest infection occurs). These oral treatments include steroids, theophylline, and 'mucolytic' drugs which break down the thick sputum that clogs up the airways. Those patients who have become greatly limited by severe COPD should be assessed for long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) where oxygen is supplied through a mask or nostril tubes, and can significantly improve their quality of life. NICE also recommend that a pulmonary rehabilitation programme should be made available to all appropriate people with COPD including those who have had a recent hospitalisation for an acute exacerbation. Managing exacerbations COPD patients are prone to developing short-term exacerbations of their condition, during which they will feel more breathless. These exacerbations are generally the result of respiratory infections, and so will usually need treatment with antibiotics. But during an exacerbation there is a decline in the patient's condition and the damage done to the lungs may, in part at least, be permanent. Frequent exacerbations contribute to a worsening of COPD, so ideally every possible step should be taken to avoid exacerbations or treat them as effectively and swiftly as possible. COPD patients should take advantage of annual vaccinations against influenza, as well as ensuring they've had a vaccination against pnemococcal infection – which is recommended for anyone with COPD aged 65 or over. In some people with COPD, large cysts known as bullae can develop in the lung and hinder lung function. In certain circumstances these can be removed surgically and will allow better inflation of the rest of the lung tissue. But this treatment is suitable for only a minority of patients. The main drive in COPD treatment has to be one of prevention rather than cure. COPD does occur in non-smokers but the vast majority of sufferers smoke, and their likelihood of developing the disease is related to the amount they smoke. There is an extra factor – that of individual susceptibility – which cannot be predicted in advance. Most people with chronic bronchitis caused by smoking do not go to their doctor until they start to become breathless, by which time much irreversible lung damage has already occurred. Those with known COPD who continue to smoke suffer a more rapid decline in their lung function than those who stop completely. The message is clear: smoking is extremely bad for your lungs and health – but it's never too late to stop, however old you may be. Other people also read: Lung cancer: What are the symptoms of lung cancer? Smoking – methods for quitting: Why are success rates so low? Smoking – this is what you gain: What are the benefits. Based on a text by Dr Carl J Brandt, Dr Finn Rasmussen Patricia Macnair Hospital physician More From Quit smoking Is vaping really safer than smoking? 8 tips for quitting smoking as a mum-to-be 5 tips for avoiding your smoking triggers 5 surprising experiences after giving up smoking Created for From Netdoctor for Created by Netdoctor for 5 stop-smoking tips to help you give up for good This content has been created in partnership with This content has been created in partnership with This content has been created in partnership with Take our quit-smoking quiz. Created in partnership with Created in partnership with This content has been created in partnership with Everything you should know about lung cancer 7 triggers that caused people to stop smoking 7 common quitting smoking myths busted Tips for quitting A health symptom you shouldn't ignore Coping with smoker's lung (chronic bronchitis) COPD: the facts Smoking and lung cancer Pneumonia explained	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9502
__label__wiki	0.9529	0.9529	Stats NZ CEO Liz MacPherson resigns, takes 'full responsibility' over 2018 Census botch-up Zane Small Watch: The Government gave Stats NZ a multi-million dollar handout after the Census shambles. Credits: Image - Zane Small / Newshub, video - Newshub. The chief executive of Stats NZ has resigned following a review of New Zealand's 2018 Census which identified shortfalls in the 'digital first' approach. The 2018 Census was digitally-focused but it was later revealed that participation was lower than previous years, sparking an inquiry in October into what went wrong. Stats NZ CEO Liz MacPherson has conceded the official data agency had been "too optimistic, placed too much emphasis on the online census, and did not have robust contingency plans". "Put simply, we didn't make it easy enough for everyone to take part and that will be a key focus for the next census." Stats NZ finally fronts: 700,000 Kiwis didn't complete Census Only two-thirds of Māori filled out the 2018 Census Govt gives Stats NZ multi-million handout after Census shambles It was revealed last year that just 90 percent of New Zealanders filled out the Census in 2018, leaving a data hole some several hundred thousand people deep. It was the lowest rate of participation in five surveys. In Stats NZ's 2018 Annual Report it was noted that full or partial responses had been collected for 90 percent of the estimated population, compared with 94.5 percent in 2013. The review, made public on Tuesday, has highlighted how the 2018 Census "represented a significant change from its predecessor in 2013" and "unanticipated challenges resulted in a less than optimal outcome". It's noted in the report: "In the days following the census date of 6 March it became clear that response rates were not as high as expected." The review also criticised Stats NZ's communications subsequent to census day, saying it has "not been transparent about response rates and plans for treating gaps, and left many stakeholders frustrated". "The 2018 Census has struggled with response rates and has yet to deliver its first outputs. These are scheduled for 23 September, 11 months later than planned." It's noted in the report how "many have concerns about its quality". Minister for Statistics and Green Party co-leader James Shaw told Newshub in July last year an independent review would "look to understand why that has happened and take lessons that can be applied in the future". The review was undertaken by New Zealand management consultant Murray Jack and Canadian statistics expert Connie Graziadei. In a joint statement, they expressed disappointment over the 2018 Census. "It's our view that weaknesses in overall governance and strategic leadership at the programme level led to a series of decisions... that when taken together ultimately compromised the achievement of the investment objectives and several important key performance indicators." The experts have noted how the basic model used for the 2018 Census was sound. It was the implementation of it that fell short. "The apparent lack of understanding of how the model would perform led to deviations from the planned approach." National's statistics spokesperson Dr Jian Yang has been scathing about the 2018 Census, earlier this month slamming Stats NZ for delaying the review findings which were supposed to come out in July. There were calls to bring the next census to 2021. But the experts in the review have recommended that the next census be held in 2023 as planned. "It is our view that a census before 2023 is unsafe - maintaining too much risk with insufficient time to properly redesign, test and implement a plan for success." They also recommended more meaningful engagement with iwi and Pasikifa. MacPherson's decision to resign has been supported by the State Services Commissioner Peter Hughes who acknowledged she has "done the right thing". Hughes said he will start the recruitment process to replace MacPherson in the coming weeks. He has asked MacPherson to stay on until Christmas.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9510
__label__wiki	0.721652	0.721652	Home \| James Hirsen Tags: Mitt Romney \| Donald Trump \| Trump \| Gallup poll \| birther \| Franklin Graham Trump: the Art of the Presidential Deal By James Hirsen Monday, 25 April 2011 10:17 AM Current \| Bio \| Archive At first a lot of political observers were chalking up the potential presidential candidacy of Donald Trump to a conveniently timed publicity stunt. As time goes on, though, it seems that even if Trump weren’t serious when he initially began talking about the GOP nomination, he is now. Despite some fierce attempts on the part of establishment Republicans to diminish Trump’s appeal, he has become a bona fide presidential contender, as exhibited by his standing in several polls. No matter where party leaders fall on the trepidation scale, all have had to come to grips with the Trump reality. The most recent Gallup poll has the real estate mogul and “Celebrity Apprentice” TV host in a first place tie with former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee, both garnering 16 percent of likely Republican voters. Former Massachusetts Gov.Mitt Romney follows with 13 percent. And establishment choice, former U.S. House Speaker Newt Gingrich, gets a modest 6 percent show of support. Although much of the media attention has been on the so-called “birther” issue, to which Trump has skillfully injected into the public discussion an air of legitimacy, voters are largely resonating to his appealing rhetorical spunk, which is perceived to be sorely lacking in the GOP leadership as well as in several of the other Republican alternatives. The Rev. Franklin Graham, whose father, Billy Graham, served as spiritual adviser to several presidents, and who himself now follows in his preacher dad’s footsteps, has given Trump a boost, should he decide to run in the early primaries. Graham told “This Week”’s Christiane Amanpour that Trump could be his choice to go up against President Obama in the 2012 presidential race, as Obama tries for a second term. “Donald Trump, when I first saw that he was getting in, I thought, well, this has got to be a joke,” Graham said. “But the more you listen to him, the more you say to yourself, you know, maybe this guy's right.” “So, he might be your candidate of choice?” Amanpour inquired. “Sure, yes,” Graham answered. Trump has also drawn the attention of some big-name celebrities, including actor Robert De Niro, comedian Jerry Seinfeld, and former TV sitcom star Charlie Sheen. In a “Nightly News with Brian Williams” story on the Tribeca Film Festival, the NBC anchor conducted an interview with De Niro during which the actor became animated over Trump's inquiries into the failure of Obama to produce his original birth certificate and other documents. “I won't mention names, but certain people in the news the last couple weeks, just, what are they doing? It's crazy,” De Niro said. “They're making statements about people that they don't even back up. Go get the facts before you start saying things about people.” Williams specifically asked whether or not DeNiro was talking about Trump. He nodded affirmatively, and then added, “It's like a big hustle. It's like being a car salesman. Don't go out there and say things unless you can back them up. How dare you? That's awful to do. To just go out and speak and say these terrible things? Unless you just wanna get over and get the job. It's crazy.” Seinfeld expressed his disapproval of Trump’s political rhetoric by pulling out of an appearance at a September benefit for the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, which is an upcoming charity event organized by Trump's son, Eric. At a tour stop in Washington, D.C., Sheen, too, in his inimitable way, weighed in on the Trump tussle. The actor talked about running for president himself, saying, “For starters, I was f***ing born here, how about that? And I got proof! Nothing Photoshopped about my birth certificate.” According to The Washington Post, the birth certificate quip drew “boisterous applause” from the crowd. Evidently, though, Sheen later felt the need to distance himself from Trump. While in Sunrise, Fla., he advised against voting for Trump because cufflinks that the Donald had allegedly given him were worth less than what had supposedly been represented, and an appraiser had purportedly estimated the gift’s worth at $60 as opposed to $100,000. Putting the birther issue and celebrity comments aside, it is interesting to note that the Iowa Republican Party's website now sports a large picture of Trump as part of a promotion for an upcoming speech that he is scheduled to give at a June fundraiser. Displayed in a conspicuously large font are the words, “An Evening with Donald Trump.” The event is slated to take place following the “Celebrity Apprentice” finale. It will also occur after what will probably be the announcement that Trump will, in fact, run for president. James Hirsen, J.D., M.A. in media psychology, is a New York Times best-selling author, media analyst, and law professor. He is admitted to practice in the U.S. Supreme Court and has made several appearances there on landmark decisions. Hirsen is the co-founder and chief legal counsel for InternationalEsq.com. Visit Newsmax TV Hollywood: www.youtube.com/user/NMHollywood Posts by James Hirsen Trump Instills Fear in Iran, Maybe Bringing Peace Trump's Doctrine All About Genuine Love of Country View More Posts by James Hirsen Larry Alton: Why Too Many Companies Don’t Take Data Security Seriously John Gizzi: Remembering H.L. Richardson: A Swashbuckling Conservative Before It Was Cool © 2020 Newsmax. All rights reserved. JamesHirsen At first a lot of political observers were chalking up the potential presidential candidacy of Donald Trump to a conveniently timed publicity stunt. As time goes on, though, it seems that even if Trump weren t serious when he initially began talking about the GOP... Trump,Gallup poll,birther,Franklin Graham,Celebrity Apprentice,Huckabee,Gingrich,Charlie Sheen Monday, 25 April 2011 10:17 AM Libertarian View Trump Has Squeezed Two Terms' Worth of Wins Into 3 Years as President Patrick Buchanan Conservative Cause McConnell Should Toss Malicious Impeachment Indictment Michael Reagan The Gipper's Corner Oh, to Be Rich, Powerful and Tone Deaf in San Francisco Patrice Lee Onwuka New Agenda for Black Women Black Women Are Right to Walk Away From the Women's March Michael Dorstewitz Trump Administration Ushered in an Age of Truth Over Decorum John Burnett Modern Conservative View Trump Needs a Working-Class Tax Cut to Keep America Great Bloomberg Opinion Defenders of Trump's War Powers Take It Too Far Wendy L. Patrick Is Online Courting Safe? You Decide Matthew Kastel Politics of Sports New Rules Likely a Bad Idea in Wake of Sign Stealing Scandal Scot Faulkner Strategy for a Better America Anatomy of the GAO Trump Smear All Insiders	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9511
__label__wiki	0.623168	0.623168	Mac Miller’s First Posthumous Album, Circles, Is Out Next Week Apple Made Over $6 Billion Selling AirPods This Year Deezer Inks Carrier Deal with Mondia for Saudi Arabia, Egypt, UAE Major Radio Broadcasters Lambaste the DOJ for Siding with Irving Azoff SiriusXM Content Coming To Google Home Devices Soon SiriusXM has announced a partnership with Google to bring its original content to Google Assistant. Any Google Assistant-enabled device will be able to access shows like Howard Stern. The service isn’t live just yet ⁠— SiriusXM says it will be rolling out over the next week. Users will be able to browser SiriusXM content in the Google Home app on iOS and Android. SiriusXM subscribers will be able to use the voice features Google Assistant to seek content. Users can ask for specific channels, shows, or even podcasts. Those with a Nest Hub or Nest Hub Max device will be able to watch SiriusXM video later this year. Google and SiriusXM are fering a bundle deal to entice new subscribers. Anyone who purchases a Google Nest or Google Home device can get three months the service for free. Those who already own a Google Home or Nest device will receive three months free when purchasing a subscription. SiriusXM has embraced Google as a way to get into people’s homes. So far, the satellite TV provider has found it hard to expand its audience beyond vehicles. Earlier this year, the SiriusXM app launched on Android TV, so Google is a natural partner. SiriusXM is also available on Apple TV devices. The has helped broaden SiriusXM’s appeal to a broader audience. Forbes reports that the purchase increased Sirius’ revenue base from $5.8 billion in 2018 to $7.7 billion in 2019. Revenues for Sirius are expected to rise to $8.2 billion in 2020. is now over 100 million people in North America. Close to 40 million those are subscribers, while there are 75 million trial and ad-based listeners. Sirius is working hard to get into people’s homes to and Apple Music head-on. Many Americans still think Sirius as a satellite radio-only company ⁠— deals like this one will help change that. Published October 31, 2019 By Leal LouiseTagged art, Google, hea, music, News, No, people, tv Previous Musicians Protest HBO Max Launch at Warner Bros. Studios Next Apple Reports Record Services Revenue, Tops Earnings Estimates	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9512
__label__cc	0.519749	0.480251	Gravity Wave Observatory Could Spot One Black-hole Merger per Hour by 2024 The National Science Foundation (NSF) is awarding Caltech and MIT $20.4 million to upgrade the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) into the Advanced LIGO Plus. Advanced LIGO Plus is expected to commence operations in 2024 and to increase the volume of deep space the observatory can survey by as much as seven times. Future of Gravitational Astronomy What Comes Next for LIGO? Planning for the post-detection era in gravitational-wave detectors and astrophysics. (31-page report,Dec 2016) Once constructed and installed, the Advanced LIGO interferometers were rapidly commissioned to sensitivities well beyond those obtained with the initial LIGO interferometers, achieving ∼70-80 Mpc BNS inspiral range. In 2018, they were aiming for 150 million parsec range detections. The A+ design incorporates many of the elements identified in the first DAWN white paper, to produce a design with strain sensitivity corresponding to a BNS/BBH range of ∼ 350/2240 Mpc. This would lead to an increase in range of 1.6X and 1.8X respectively for BNS and 20Msun BBH mergers, or alternatively a detection rate increase of 6.4X (BNS) and 4.4X (BBH) with respect to Advanced LIGO. The A+ design improves the sensitivity in all frequency bands. At the heart of A+ are frequency-dependent squeezing and improved test mass coatings. Squeezed light will be used to reduce the quantum noise at low frequencies through the reduction of radiation pressure on the test masses and at high frequencies (over 500 Hz) through the reduction of shot noise. Improvements at low and mid frequencies also rely on a reduction of coating thermal noise by a factor of two over current Advanced LIGO mirror coatings. Balanced homodyne detection is planned, to provide a lower loss, higher fidelity readout of the gravitational wave channel over DC readout. The concepts behind many of the planned A+ upgrades have already been experimentally demonstrated, either on large scale interferometers or at laboratory scale. At this point, many of the primary challenges are on developing engineered solutions which can be deployed in A+. The one notable exception is the production of optical coatings with reduced thermal noise; this remains a vigorous area of R&D in the LIGO Scientific Collaboration Coatings Working Group. LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA will be in observing mode and making frequent detections during the period when LIGO-India is planned to become operational in 2024, at about the time A+ will come online. The LIGO Voyager Concept – Beyond the Advanced Ligo Plus LIGO Voyager would have three times the detection range to a BNS range (to 1100 Mpc). This would have a low-frequency cutoff down to 10 Hz. While A+ will dramatically increase the rates of certain classes of gravitational-wave sources and enable the first detections of others, the fundamental facilities limits of the LIGO Observatories can accommodate interferometers with even greater sensitivities. A factor of two to three can be gained in sensitivity over A+ in a broad frequency range with the current LIGO observatory infrastructure based on designs using our current level of understanding of other limits to sensitivity. The Voyager design aims to reach the extant LIGO facilities limits through a major upgrade that incorporates several new ideas and technologies. Key to the design is the use of 200 kg crystalline silicon test masses using amorphous Si (α-Si) and SiO2 coatings and operated at 123 K (where the thermal expansion coefficient of Si crosses zero). A change from the Nd:Yag 1 µm laser wavelength to 1.55-2.1 µm is needed to adapt to the transmission band of Si test masses. Stable high power lasers operating in this longer wavelength range will be needed, and frequency-dependent squeezing at these longer wavelengths will be required to achieve the desired quantum noise performance at low and high frequencies. This mandates the need for replacing the laser and optical components as well as high quantum efficiency photodetectors operating at the design wavelength. Newtonian noise cancellation will be needed over that needed for A+. Plans are to convert the Caltech 40 meter interferometer into a Voyager testbed, including long wavelength lasers, silicon optics, and cryogenic suspension. Meeting the Challenges of Building Improved Detectors Realization of A+ and future interferometers such as Voyager will require not only engineering squeezed light, but also sustained R&D programs on optical coatings to better understand and reduce coating thermal noise, to enable ‘cold’ interferometer operation, to manufacture and coat test mass substrates made of new materials (silicon), and to cool and maintain low temperature test masses without introducing displacement noise. Among all these advances, the one domain which has the most immediate need and presents the most complex challenges is reducing coating thermal noise. Beyond LIGO Voyager is LIGO Cosmic Explorer There was a white paper that looked at LIGO Voyager and beyond. Researchers envisage potentially three detector epochs post Advanced LIGO baseline over the next 25 years with working titles A+, LIGO Voyager and LIGO Cosmic Explorer. The funds required to implement the upgrades are classified as: modest, less than $10M to $20M; medium, $50M to $150M; major, greater than $200M. The detection of gravity waves has opened up a new era of astronomy. We can push detection of blackhole and neutron star collisions out into the deepest reaches of space. Once observations of gravitational waves with aLIGO, A+ and LIGO Voyager have established gravitational-wave astronomy, it will be timely to make a significant investment in a new Observatory capable of detecting binary neutron stars from the peak of star formation, binary black holes from throughout the Universe. They refer to this new facility as LIGO Cosmic Explorer with operations to commence post-2035, possibly in concert with LIGO Voyager. One relatively straight forward way to achieve the strawman design sensitivity is to adapt relevant A+ and Voyager technology for a much longer interferometer, for example, 40 km in length. Alternatively, shorter baseline designs with breakthroughs in Newtonian noise removal, other cancelation techniques and mirror, coating and mechanical system engineering, may exploit Quantum Non Demolition interferometry (e.g. speed-meters) to reach similar sensitivities. Another approach may be to use the Xylophone strategy with a series of interferometers targeting limited frequency spans. The European Einstein Telescope (ET) forecasts technologies which overlap LIGO Voyager and LIGO Cosmic Explorer. To some extent, the facility infrastructure can be decoupled from the instrument which will be first installed. The facility should be designed to have a long lifetime a 50 year (say) so capable of housing instruments starting with sensitivities 10 times aLIGO allowing upgrades to at least 100 times aLIGO. Such a facility will by necessity be much longer that 4 km. SOURCES- Instrument Science White Paper from LIGO Scientific Collaboration, What Comes next for LIGO, LIGO Written By Brian Wang. Nextbigfuture.com Read next: After NASA JPL Reset the Curiosity Rover is Working Normally » « If We Master Building in Space Then the Solar System Will Be Wide Open Tags: astronomy, news, physics, science, space Technical and Economic Takeoff for AGI … Annular fuel 50% power ultra-uprate to … Maps in 2018: Big Moves in … Mind uploading, brain emulation and zettaflop … Disney Star Wars land could have …	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9515
__label__wiki	0.65104	0.65104	Home » Research » Online Editions » Alfred Stieglitz Key Set » Practices and Processes » Carbon Prints NGA Online Editions :: Alfred Stieglitz Key Set Practices and Processes Section Home Chronology of Stieglitz’s Processes and Techniques Autochromes Carbon Prints Gum Bichromate Prints Palladium Prints Photogravures Platinum Prints Silver-Platinum Prints Treated by Steichen Highlights of the Key Set Browse the Key Set by Subject Search the Key Set Courtney Helion, Joan M. Walker, and Constance McCabe Alfred Stieglitz, The Net Mender, 1894, carbon print, National Gallery of Art, Washington, Alfred Stieglitz Collection, 1949.3.199 Key Set number 212 View all carbon prints in the Key Set Unlike silver and platinum printing methods that rely on the light-sensitive properties of metal salts to form a metallic image, the carbon process depends on the light sensitivity of dichromated gelatin. This material hardens in proportion to the amount of light it receives, forming an image that consists of pigment in gelatin. To make a typical carbon print, a sheet of paper is coated with a solution of gelatin, potassium dichromate, and pigment. Once dry, this light-sensitive “carbon tissue” is placed in contact with a negative and exposed to light, locally hardening the carbon tissue. The exposed tissue is then transferred to a paper support by wetting both papers, placing the tissue face down onto the new paper, and squeegeeing the pigmented film into firm contact. Under water, the exposed carbon tissue is carefully peeled away. The unexposed pigmented gelatin dissolves in the bath, and the positive carbon print is revealed on the new paper support. Introduced in 1855 by French chemist Alphonse-Louis Poitevin, and perfected in 1864 by British chemist and physicist Joseph Swan, the carbon process was moderately popular throughout the latter part of the nineteenth century. The Autotype Company of London was the predominant firm that made and sold these tissues commercially. They were available in a variety of hues, in addition to the “carbon” black from which the name of the process derives, capable of fine detail and a lustrous surface. Alfred Stieglitz was a champion of the carbon printing process, claiming, “On artistic grounds, there is but one printing process which holds its own with the platinotype, and that is carbon” (American Amateur Photographer, 1892). He believed it to be “undoubtedly the most beautiful of the photographic processes, although not as simple as the platinotype” (American Amateur Photographer, 1893). He made and widely exhibited carbon prints in a variety of hues during the mid- to late 1890s. The eleven carbon prints in the Key Set have characteristics that are both similar to and different than other processes used by Stieglitz. Like his early platinum prints, his carbon prints range in hue from warm browns to neutral blacks and grays. But unlike his platinum prints, which are on smooth or slightly textured paper, he chose heavyweight, rough-textured watercolor papers to make his carbon prints. Stieglitz’s print A Wet Day on the Boulevard, Paris shows the surface texture of the watercolor paper. Alfred Stieglitz, A Wet Day on the Boulevard, Paris, 1894, carbon print, National Gallery of Art, Washington, Alfred Stieglitz Collection, 1949.3.108 Detail of A Wet Day on the Boulevard, Paris, in normal light (left) and specular light (right). The detail in specular light illustrates the rough texture of the paper. A Closer Look: Identifying Carbon Prints The darker regions of most carbon prints appear glossier than the lighter tones. These dark areas are thicker than the lighter regions because they received more light, and thus more gelatin was hardened, during exposure. This image relief, while sometimes subtle, is a characteristic that helps to identify a carbon print. Stieglitz’s An Icy Night provides visual evidence of the transfer of the carbon tissue to produce the final print: a bubble was trapped between the tissue and the receiving paper, burst when it was squeegeed flat, and was subsequently retouched to diminish the appearance of the flaw. Alfred Stieglitz, An Icy Night, 1898, carbon print, National Gallery of Art, Washington, Alfred Stieglitz Collection, 1949.3.254 Detail of An Icy Night showing burst and retouched bubble Technical analysis can also assist in identifying carbon prints. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis performed on Winter, Fifth Avenue detected gelatin at the surface of the print. Elemental analysis by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) found that more chromium is present in the darker areas. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that the image was formed with dichromated gelatin, indicating that the carbon print process was used. Alfred Stieglitz, Winter, Fifth Avenue, 1893, printed 1894, carbon print, National Gallery of Art, Washington, Alfred Stieglitz Collection, 1949.3.93 Key Set number 82 ATR-FTIR spectrum for Winter, Fifth Avenue The ATR-FTIR spectrum shows peaks characteristic of gelatin, indicated with an asterisk (*) in the figure. XRF spectra for Winter, Fifth Avenue The signal for chromium (Cr) detected by XRF is more intense in the darker image areas (Dmax) than in lighter image areas (Dmin).	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9517
__label__cc	0.738991	0.261009	AFLW SANFL Crow Call with Tom Staggard One-eyed with Jack Hudson Multi of the Week SA Sports Scene SA Sports Quiz About One on One Sports SA SANFL spirit is alive and well Glenelg defeated Port Adelaide in Sunday’s SANFL grand final at Adelaide Oval, and the spirit of state football was alive and well. Jack Hudson September 22, 2019 No AA, no worries: Boak’s unique Brownlow bid ONLY three players in history have won the AFL’s most coveted individual award, the Brownlow Medal, but missed out on All Australian selection in the same year – but could that list grow to four in 2019? Grady Hudd September 22, 2019 Chris Scott: Geelong’s most polarising figure AFTER finishing on top of the ladder, Geelong was knocked out of the premiership race by Richmond on Friday night. The loss has divided Cats fans, with many taking aim at Chris Scott for some of his questionable coaching decisions during the 2019 finals campaign. But is their frustration justified? It’s Port Adelaide against the world…again This Sunday, Port Adelaide will face Glenelg for the SANFL premiership, and like it was 29 years ago, it will be the Magpies against everyone else. Season 2019 is still in Port Adelaide’s hands A big win over Sydney has given Port Adelaide control of its own destiny heading in to the final two rounds of the AFL home and away season. Dave Lloyd August 15, 2019 AFLW – Crows v Giants 10_3 12 Jack Hudson Posted on March 13, 2019 Previous PostAFLW – Crows v Giants 10_3 12 Jack Hudson Jack grew up in Gawler, South Australia – just 45 minutes north of Adelaide – and has a passion for all things football and soccer. Jack has worked in the media for more than four years, and hosts his own sports show on Barossa radio station BBBfm. He previously played football for Elizabeth, South Gawler, Gawler Central and at junior level with Central District, and is a die-hard Port Adelaide fan. Copyright 2019 © One on One Sports SA. All rights reserved.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9523
__label__wiki	0.595183	0.595183	71-year-old Sees Dad for the First Time A Duke University website containing digitized film clips of people in small rural towns between 1936 and 1942 allowed Furman Penland Jr. to meet his dad for the first time. Penland's father died during World War II, which made spotting him walking on film very special. To learn more about Furman Penland Jr.'s story, visit http://today.duke.edu/showcase/mmedia/features/finding-dad/ To view the H. Lee Waters digital film collection, visit http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/hleewaters/ CVs and Letters to Employers CV’s and Letters to Employers is one of several Futures workbooks which help students choose and prepare for their careers. Like the other workbooks in the series you can dip in and out doing the exercises which are most relevant to you. You might want to include the exercises or the output in your personal development plan or e-portfolio. Author(s): Leeds Metropolitan University http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/ This is Me, This is Also Me: Interview with Dr. Sarah Brophy and Dr. Janice Hladki Dr. Brophy and Dr. Hladki talk about their work with visual autobiography and their collaborative exhibit at the McMaster Museum of Art. Virtual Maths - 3D shapes, area of cylinder Interactive simulation demonstrating the formula and calculation of the area of a cylinder Virtual Maths - Basic Structures, bending moment uniformly distributed load Interactive simulation demonstrating bending moment of uniformly distributed load Actua voor anderstalige leerlingen : Lessuggestie Lessuggestie bij de wekelijkse actuales a.h.v. Karrewiet met aandacht voor anderstalige leerlingen. Introduction to Gender, Sex, and Sexuality OpenStax College IOSH Managing Safely E learning Training Course Video link (see supported sites below). Please use the original link, not the shortcut, e.g. www.youtube.com/watch?v=abcde Author(s): BenjaminGrant A snapshot overview of the Faculty of Arts at The University of Nottingham. The Faculty of Arts offers a variety of undergraduate courses within the categories of: • Archaeology • Classics • History • History of Art • Music • Philosophy • Theology and Religious Studies This video was filmed by members of staff and French student Lydia Papworth, one of our student video team. Video edited by Tom Travis www.linkedin.com/in/tomtravis1 For more information visit http://www.nottin Virtual Maths - Numbers, 2D Elipse simulation tool Interactive simulation tool demonstrating formula for calculating the area of an elipse Driverless Car Technology: Don’t Take Your Hands off the Wheel Yet Driverless car technology has advanced rapidly, but several security and use challenges remain. These need to be worked out as the sector grows. Ink and Gold: Art of the Kano February 16, 2015 - May 10, 2015: This exhibition explores the stunning artistry of the esteemed Kano painters, the most enduring and influential school of painting in Japanese history. Established in the late fifteenth century, the Kano lineage of artists served as painters-in-attendance to Japan’s powerful shoguns for four hundred years. The exhibition presents more than 120 works of art spanning the school’s long and illustrious history, including large-scale, gold leaf foldin Virtual Maths - Numbers, Geometry 3D shapes Diagrams and forumulas for calculating area and volume of 3D shapes cube, cuboid, cylinder, sphere, hemisphere, triangular prism, frustrum, cone, pyramid Did You Know? NYIT's Visual Identity Our animated video features quick facts about the NYIT brand's color palette, fonts, and logo. Produced for The Box Blog. http://www.nyit.edu/box "I need to be a big man" - migrant teen Migrants leave the Italian island of Lampedusa headed to Sicily dreaming of a new life, with one teen hoping to one day become a "big man." Deborah Lutterbeck reports. Subscribe: http://smarturl.it/reuterssubscribe More updates and breaking news: http://smarturl.it/BreakingNews Reuters tells the world's stories like no one else. As the largest international multimedia news provider, Reuters provides coverage around the globe and across topics including business, financial, national, and intern Improving the Learning and Teaching of Science Through Discipline-Based Education Research Improving the Learning and Teaching of Science Through Discipline-Based Education Research: A View from Physics Lillian C. McDermott, Professor of Physics at the UW and recipient of the 2014 University Faculty Lecture Award speaks at the annual University Faculty Lecture, February 19, 2015 at UW's Kane Hall. The Physics Education Group in the UW Department of Physics has been conducting research in physics education since the 1970s. The goal is to identify and address the intellectual challenge Professor emeritus recalls the early days of PSU meteorology department When a young Charles Hosler started out as a meteorology instructor at Penn State there wasn't much respect for the burgeoning science among the populace. Many saw it as educated "guesswork." Even Penn State's then-president, Ralph Hetzel, had his own doubts about the ability to predict the weather consistently and accurately. Listen to now-Professor Emeritus Hosler recount his exchange with Hetzel and how Hetzel's distrust of Hosler's forecast led to a very "interesting" commencement ceremony. Fossil hunters uncover new marine animal Full story: http://bit.ly/1EsDFjr Life was single-celled and boring for billions of years, then BOOM! the ancestors of most animals alive today appeared – thanks to a perfect storm of events Economía Mundial (2015) En este curso se analizan el crecimiento, las transformaciones estructurales y sistemáticas de los sistemas productivos, los intercambios comerciales, los mecanismos de ajuste monetarios y financieros y la distribución económica internacional y mundial. De esta forma, se plantean las siguiente materias centrales: 1. El análisis de los procesos económicos internacionales y globales. 2. Las relaciones entre los agentes o unidades de análisis que residen en múltiples naciones (dominio tradic Author(s): Marcos FernÃ¡ndez GutiÃ©rrez,Julio Revuelta LÃ³pez Ping 237: Battlebots, an unlikely pairing, Mars One selects its finalists \| Ping! Welcome back to Ping! We talk about the return of robot combat return to television, we chat about a one-way ticket to Mars on the space desk, and more stories that 'softies are pinging each other about... [03:45] Battlebots will return to TV this Author(s): Mark DeFalco, RicksterCDN	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9530
__label__wiki	0.624468	0.624468	Chapter 554 - Southern Meteor The mountain was quite majestic, and it was entirely black in color. Over ten ancient tombs rested side by side at the top where ancient deities rested. "Are they all dead?" Xiao Tian asked with a soft voice. "Two of them lived up to the modern times, but they still couldn't hold on any longer. They passed away in meditation several years ago and were buried here as well. If you all came here a few years ago, you might have been able to see them," said the elder with a smile. His hair was entirely white, and his skin was dry and starting to darken. Most of his teeth had fallen off, and the gray daoist clothes he wore were filled with an aura of antiquity, as if he had experienced the baptism of endless years. Shi Hao didn't dare to underestimate him and carefully took precautions. He knew that this elder wasn't simple. If he acted carelessly, a slight mistake might result in his defeat. "Are you one of the ancient deities?" He calmly asked. "How can that be? So many years have passed, who could hold on for that long? If I was one of them, I would have been lying in these tombs a long time ago already." The elder shook his head and denied. Xia Youyu didn't believe him. With her powerful spiritual senses, she could tell that this elder's cultivation realm was extremely high and far above hers. Only his vitality was a bit scattered, so he currently didn't release a terrifying pressure. Meanwhile, Xiao Tian, Zhou Yuhao and the others were acting similarly. They felt somewhat fearful when they faced this elder. "His lifespan is even longer than mine. He's an old evil spirit." The black tortoise spoke up at this moment. It stood up on two legs and stayed to the side, truly looking like it was carrying a black pot. When everyone heard this, they all shivered inwardly. They felt more and more like this elder wasn't simple. While holding the wooden staff, the elder laughed involuntarily and said, "After the three calamities passed, there was also an undying existence that searched through the heavens, hunting down experts with their divine flames lit. If I was unordinary, would I still be alive?" "You are too modest. It is precisely because of the fact that you are alive that proves you are powerful and terrifying." Shi Hao spoke. "What? Is he truly that formidable?" The black tortoise didn't have any moral principle as expected. When it heard this, it moved behind Shi Hao with a sou sound and didn't dare say anything else. Everyone else felt their bodies become chilly and their minds heavy. "Little friend, you divine eyes are like lightning. This old one just didn't want to draw attention to himself. Since you have already noticed, I won't hide it anymore. My cultivation is indeed unordinary and I ignited a divine flame." "Ignited a divine flame?" Yan Xin cried out in alarm. This elder was formidable as expected. It was so close to reaching the realm of deities. Was it truly a deity that had survived since the ancient times? The elder chuckled and said, "There are so many deities in the world. Where would you find so many deities? Back then, I just got lucky and found some natural opportunity." He said things as they were. He was the descendent of one of Southern Meteor Divine Mountain's experts and not an ancient individual. However, he wasn't far from being one either. He had lived an extremely long time until this era. His body was already dried up and his divine flame had extinguished. He didn't show any hostility and appeared rather undisturbed. "Will a divine flame even extinguish after becoming a deity?" Xiao Tian asked. This was a question that quite a few of them were wondering about. "But of course. With the passage of time, one's constitution will begin to decline and everything will head downhill. All will dry up, including the divine flame." The elder sighed. He gave another example, bringing up the Heaven Mending Pavilion's old vine. Back then, it was extremely powerful and known for its matchless divine might. However, after experiencing the ancient times and living until the present age, what else could it do? It still lost its vitality, its body withering up and its cultivation steeply declining. As for the divine flame that burned vigorously in the past, it was even more like a candle facing the wind, even less powerful than the divine flame of someone who had just ignited it. When one reached that state, there was not much difference when compared to a supreme expert. "I truly am lacking in manners! I was able to meet a true deity who, after experiencing three great calamities and the sweeping of the undying existence, still ended up safe and sound. Admirable!" Shi Hao said. "What true deity am I now? Even my divine flame has gone out." The elder laughed bitterly and shook his head. He didn't cover things up at all. When the great calamity descended, for the sake of living, he took the initiative to scatter his divine flame and return to being ordinary. He even made his cultivation fall until he became a king level expert. Everyone was shocked. They couldn't help but feel moved. This elder was quite courageous. Without doing this, how could he pass through those disasters? If he wasn't caught, he would have been killed. There wasn't a single cultivator who didn't wish to reach for a higher level, yet he dared to do this, crippling his own cultivation. "Senior, you should have already returned to the supreme expert level, right? I fear that there might still be a day when the divine flame will be lit again. At that time, you will be like a monarch towering above this world." Shi Hao said. "I ate a stalk of holy medicine, as a result barely avoided death and reached the supreme expert realm. However, if I want to light a divine flame, I fear that there is no hope left in this lifetime. To rekindle after it has extinguished will be ten times harder. Moreover, with my vitality withered and gradually aging, where will I find the energy to accomplish such a thing?" The elder shook his head. "Dare I ask for senior's great name?" Xia Youyu asked. "Just call me Southern Meteor. I was born in this mountain, and I will die here, so just use this mountain's name." The elder sighed and said. Everyone revealed a look of shock. Southern Meteor Divine Mountain; the elder used this name. Was he sighing of being past his prime, or was he recalling fondly of the past? Perhaps it is a type of pride? "What is the purpose of senior waiting for me here?" Shi Hao asked. "I know why you came, but that person has died already," said the elder. He brought out a special sparkling stone that recorded a portion of the scenes from the great calamity that year. Southern Meteor Divine Mountain's experts had previously gone to fight a great battle against Heaven Mending Pavilion and returned wounded. When the great calamity descended, they couldn't avoid the calamity and were captured. "If the enmity of the Heaven Mending Pavilion is settled just like this, it would be a bit too easy." Shi Hao said in a downcast voice. "There are only a few old and weak individuals. The place where deities are hidden has long declined. Little friend, please see for yourself. Are you really going to cause trouble for them?" The elder asked. He reached out a large hand and scattered the mist. Several enormous mountains appeared in front of them, and there were creatures moving about them. Shi Hao swept his eyes through this scenery and found that it truly was as the elder said. This place had declined. There weren't any terrifying experts. In addition, the experts that took action back then had already encountered disaster, so he couldn't take his anger out on this place. Based on what the elder said, that wasn't Sourthern Meteor Divine Mountain's will and was instead that person's individual actions. "Let's leave!" Shi Hao didn't want to slaughter the innocent either. Xiao Tian and the others released a light sigh. Their enemies had clearly already encountered disaster, so why did they feel so dejected? In the end, their sect's deceased couldn't be revived either. "I see that little friend is wearing the imperishable battle clothes. I have a phoenix patterned rock, so I'll just bestow it upon you. Perhaps you will find some use for it and merge it into the battle clothes." The elder who called himself Southern Meteor suddenly spoke. "En, this is…" Shi Hao was astonished. When he received it and took a look, he found that the entirely scarlet fist sized rock had many phoenix feather-like traces. This type of rock was extremely rare and utterly priceless. If it was added to a precious artifact, it would undergo transformations and perhaps nirvana like the phoenix's rebirth in flames. It was extremely miraculous. It could be said that even if it was the higher realms, this type of wondrous stone would still be a priceless supreme treasure. One might not appear even after thousands of years. "Many thanks to senior!" Finally, they left just like that. The battle they had anticipated never happened, and what they experienced was only disappointment and frustration. Even though Shi Hao obtained a supreme treasure that wasn't bad, he still sighed. They then headed for Mount Yi. This was similarly a formidable restricted land. The expert here had once served as the guardian spirit of 'Little Western Paradise'. Unfortunately, with the descent of the great calamity, the vegetation here became sparse and scorched earth could be seen everywhere. An unexpectedly great battle had erupted here. There were still creatures here, but there weren't supreme experts, nor were there any experts with their divine flames lit. They had all been suppressed during the great disaster, unable to escape. "Truly is a pity…" Shi Hao shook his head. He gazed into this mountain range and stared distractedly. In the past, how many people could enter this place? Not even supreme experts could do so. However, now, there was no place under the heavens he couldn't step foot in. He could experience everything completely. "You should be sighing about life that is as lonely as snow… Don't you feel that this lower realm is quite colorless without enemies?" The war goddess asked with a smile. "It's not funny at all." Shi Hao shook his head. He couldn't even get revenge if he wanted to. The powerful Mount Yi was far from how it was in the past. Those creatures that had taken action had long vanished from this world. Was the lower realm truly without experts? Shi Hao thought about this question. His pupils flickered and erupted with divine splendor. He gazed into the horizon and contemplated for an extremely long time. "Since our enemies are all dead, it saves us the trouble of dealing with them ourselves. There's nothing bad about that. This foretells the future glory of our Heaven Mending Pavilion. In the future, we will work hard to rebuild it!" Xiao Tian said. "The little Stone overlooks the world and sweeps through all his enemies. We will rebuild Heaven Mending Pavilion. Isn't this quite good?" Xia Youyu smiled as well. After they spoke these words, everyone's moods improved again and they threw aside their disappointment. "I hope it is as such!" Shi Hao said to himself. If nothing unexpected happened, he was going to tread on heaven's path and leave the lower realm. The final stop, Western Tomb Beast Mountain. If one were to be asked what place in the wasteland region was suffused with the most yin energy, then it would definitely be this place. This was an enormous tomb with the name Western Tomb. The ones buried here weren't mortals or ordinary cultivators, but instead archaic vicious beasts and divine birds. After the endless passage of time, it was unknown just how many powerful vicious beasts and divine birds were buried here. This was an incredibly large cemetery. If one were to trace back the history of this place, they would go back to the archaic era. The Kun Peng was still alive then and ruling the world, and the other members of the vicious ten had showed themselves as well. Too many great battles had taken place in the past, both in the cage and in the higher realms. Countless powerful existences fell, and they were all buried here. You have to understand that those vicious beasts were all deities. There were even more who were divine kings and heavenly deities, existences powerful enough to make people tremble. They were unimaginably powerful. Any one of them could devour the eight wastelands. Apart from this, there were a few other vicious beasts and divine birds that fell. They also chose to be buried here. Over time, the yin energy here became more and more heavy, just like a ghost world. Meanwhile, the creatures guarding the cemetery, over time, became filled with a power that could not be ignored. They established the sect 'Beast Mountain'. This was precisely the origin of Western Tomb Beast Mountain! They gradually approached this place. One could tell that this mountain range was special with just a look. They were like enormous tombs, and every single mountain was like this, vast and boundless. "There isn't much yin energy…" Zhou Yuhao frowned. When they arrived, the world was bright with the sun suspended above. Sunlight was abundant, and not much deep chilliness could be felt. "En, this place is quite strange. Rumor has it that sometimes, the yin energy would overflow into the heavens and be even greater than the yang energy of the outside world most of the time." The war goddess said. Inside the mountain range, the grass was abundant and ancient trees stretched into the sky. They had all lived for thousands of years, some close to reaching ten thousands years of history. They were astonishingly thick. "These trees haven't develop essence yet, but they are still quite rare." Xia Youyu said. "Is that Beast Mountain?" Xiao Tian pointed towards the side. There was a mountain peak that was rich with spiritual essence to the side of Western Tomb. Purple energy rose and surged continuously like dragons. One could tell with a look that this was a cultivation pure land. "Next to some key locations, there will oftentimes be divine pure lands with unexplainable profound natural luck." Yan Xin said. Shi Hao and the others paid Beast Mountain a visit and found that there were only a few 'shrimps' left. The experts on the mountain had all fled after hearing about Tuoba family's disaster. "They fled into Western Tomb!" "We are going inside!" In the end, they still advanced, proceeding into the endless mounds and entering this strange place. After advancing more than ten li, this world seemed to change. It made everyone's minds shake. Everything became different. "This is…" The were astonished. The hills disappeared, and what appeared before them was a great wilderness. There were countless vicious beasts and divine birds moving about. It was an astonishing scene. Crazy winds stirred about. High above in the sky, a great Golden Winged Peng streaked across. Its wings seemed like clouds as they covered the heavens. Symbols were everywhere and terrifying to the extreme. On the ground, a Pixiu surrounded by endless bloody radiance leapt from one mountaintop to another. It then pounced murderously towards the Golden Winged Peng! In another direction, a black true Hou roared. It immediately caused two of the three moons in the sky to fall! Even further out, the body of a thousand hand existence shone. It sat on the mountain cliff and used its body to tear apart a pure-blooded white tiger. On the west side, a Zhuyan stabbed an iron rod towards the sky, crushing the heavens and striking down a few powerful deities! "Illusions, they aren't real!" Xiao Tian said. A flame python slithered about on the ground. With a hong sound, its enormous body brushed past Xiao Tian and sent him flying into the sky and almost killing him on the spot. Shi Hao was astonished. He immediately gathered everyone and displayed his divine might to protect them. The black tortoise cried out in alarm and said, "This… might not necessarily be an illusion. The legends might be true. This place has already formed a real world!" "What?" Even the war goddess couldn't help but cry out in fear. This place was too terrifying! It was like an archaic world where endless races lived side by side and powerful creatures were everywhere, engaging in intense competition. "Yi?!" Shi Hao was astonished. He felt as if something on his body was slightly vibrating. He quickly reached out his divine senses, and he was immediately shaken. It came from the two pieces of sparkling white damaged bones. They were glowing slightly, as if they were calling out to something. "True Primordial Record?!" His body shook.	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9531
__label__wiki	0.862052	0.862052	Red Mango makes push into Mexico Marcella Veneziale \| Dec 02, 2011 Red Mango is making its first foray outside the United States with a franchise agreement in Mexico. The Dallas-based frozen yogurt chain said Thursday it struck a deal with Cinemex, a Mexican movie theater operator with 184 theaters in that country. "This is a major milestone, and I am especially pleased that we are expanding Red Mango internationally from the United States with one of the world's great companies," said Barry M. Barron, Sr., chief executive of Red Mango. "Cinemex brings resources which make them an experienced partner for rapid and high-quality development in Mexico,” he said. “It is a perfect way to launch our efforts to expand the brand internationally." The deal will put Red Mango kiosks immediately in Cinemex’s theaters, along with developing an undisclosed number of freestanding units. "Mexican consumers, in general, and the 65 million customers of Cinemex theatres, in particular, are already familiar with frozen yogurt," said Jaime Rionda, Cinemex commercial director. Red Mango’s first units in Mexico are expected to open in Mexico City in 2012. The chain currently has 140 units in the United States. Contact Marcella Veneziale at [email protected]. TAGS: Quick Service Technology News Emerging Chains	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9533
__label__wiki	0.742842	0.742842	Number 8 Network News for the rural greenness north-east of Hamilton About N8N Local Characters Country Cooking A to Z Directory Old Lady Parfitt and other stories brought to life in new book Jun 11th, 2018 \| By Annette Taylor \| Category: History, News Gordonton Presbyterian Church in 1918 A book telling the struggles and triumphs of Gordonton residents from 100 years ago is almost complete. The project, part of the celebration of the centenary of Oaks Church, is coming together very well, says coordinator Valerie Morgan. “Our history at Gordonton is actually very short. The contrasts between the lifestyles of those living a hundred years ago and now are huge. We have much to be thankful for as we stand on the shoulders of those who endured awful hardships, peat fires, boggy roads, stumpy paddocks, undeveloped unproductive land, poor communications, no electricity – it came to Gordonton about 1924 – rationing, wars, the Depression…” Valerie says she has always been interested in stories that involve real people. “I’ve become more interested in history as I got older, now that the people I want to ask are no longer there to ask questions of! “We wanted to record the grace of God towards the people who have worshipped in this church during the roller coaster of the times over the last 100 years, and through the stories of those people, their families and their faith.” Getting the stories was interesting. “Victor Ballard left some facts handwritten on the back of an old calendar in the 1970s and 80s. Lex Riddell, who passed away in 2015, was more organised and wrote down lots of early stories and presented me with them, knowing we wanted to celebrate this centenary and thinking that he might not make it. “We have minute books of women’s groups, and church elders’ meetings and administration notes. The national Presbyterian church was helpful, and we have accessed the library for texts to support the different themes of the book including early Maori history and how the gospel came to Gordonton first through the work of the Church Missionary Society at Taupiri. Some families who have studied at EastWest College have contributed, so our reach is international! And present members have had their say too. Some are fifth generation of the pioneers and many go back five or more decades.” Work on the book, which will feature colour photographs, began last October. “We started early and it has been a happy process at a leisurely pace, however we have had to keep pressing forward and the deadline is getting closer for us to get the work to the stage where we can ‘let it go’ and leave it with the printer.” It has very much been a group task – “I have been grateful to those that have read the script, help to choose photos, worked on the layout and offered all sorts of help. I’ve never coordinated anything like this before.” The committee consists of Judy Chrystall, Margaret Miers, Anne Macdonald, Alan Sharp and Marion Smith. “We asked Alan because he is passionate about early history around here and researches in all directions. He made that part easy for me by presenting me with a folder of news cuttings going back to 1881! Margaret’s father was the historian for Fairfield Presbyterian Church which has a great photographic resource.” Mrs Parfitt, left, with her daughter and granddaughter. To whet interest in the book, Valerie shares the story of one of Gordonton’s earliest storekeepers, Ellen Parfitt. “Mrs Parfitt, and son George, bought the Gordonton store in 1907. The Post Office was set up in the store and she was the first postmistress. About this time the district began to be known as Gordonton, instead of Hukanui. Several people who still live in the area followed in Mrs Parfitt’s footsteps by working in the Gordonton Store and include Esther Cuperus, Heather Dickson and Clarice Hoban. Originally from England, Mrs Parfitt had lived in Christchurch, Riverton, and Lawrence – where she managed a showroom of clothing, hats and corsetry – before coming to Gordonton. A family tragedy occurred while they were living in Riverton. Their older son Fred was working in Dunedin at the DIC, a big department store. During the Christmas holidays in 1903, he died, aged 20, when crossing the Oreti River and his boat capsized. Mr Parfitt, senior, died later that year. You never know what causes people to move away from an area, but I have no doubt that this would have been a motivating factor in the relocation of Mrs Parfitt and George to Gordonton. A new beginning, holding firmly to her faith in God. Lex Riddell says she was affectionately known as Old Lady Parfitt, and was a faithful member of the Gordonton Presbyterian Church which was meeting in the Gordonton Hall when she and George arrived. In fact she bought the very first harmonium (organ) for the church and played it regularly.. There is a photo of her amongst a large group of children at a Sunday school picnic in 1928-9. She was 74 when the original church was built. She died in 1929 aged 85.” Centenary celebrations for the Gordonton Presbyterian Church kick off on Saturday 27 October, at Woodlands Homestead. Dinner will be held in the Gordonton Hall, and on Sunday a thanksgiving service will be held at the Oaks Christian Centre. To find out more, email Valerie here. Tags: Gordonton history, Gordonton Presbyterian Church 1918, History of Gordonton, history of Oaks Church Want to search N8N? Use this handy box. Reliable, friendly service Don't miss out on local news. Heck yes, take me to the sign-up page Friday night family tennis is on! It’s all here, meetings, fairs, markets and much more. Find out what’s happening locally: click here. To book Gordonton Hall call Sally-Anne Ph 022 1077 562 Lemon cordial the best Having a Sangriable time Time to watch water use Council working bee success Winky the festive lamb Run by locals for locals It’s all at Wairere Nursery Contact Number 8 Network © 2020 Number 8 Network \| Powered by WordPress	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9536
__label__wiki	0.853623	0.853623	Sun and clouds mixed. High -1F. Winds NW at 15 to 25 mph.. A few passing clouds. Low around -10F. Winds NW at 5 to 10 mph. Letter: She will unite our divided system Letter: Touched by area’s friendless, warmth Editorial: Let the session begin Members of the Jay Shelp Community Theatre in Sheldon — Jessie Huitink, Bill Boscaljon and Jake Ven Huizen — rehearse a scene from "A Christmas Chaos." They will perform a one-act version of the show Saturday evening in the Sheldon High School auditorium for the community theatre's Holiday Variety Show. Sheldon stage to hold variety show SHELDON—The Jay Shelp Community Theatre will welcome the new year in dramatic fashion by hosting its inaugural Holiday Variety Show on Saturday evening in the Sheldon High School auditorium. The show, which will start at 7:30 p.m., will feature about 20 musical and theatrical performances by talented N’West Iowa residents. Doors will open at 7 p.m. and admission is $5. Wayne Burnette, president of the Jay Shelp Community Theatre Board, said the theatre organization used to put on radio shows each year around Christmas but decided to switch it up this holiday season. “We want to do more as a community theatre, and we just felt like by doing a variety show, we would get more people from the communities involved and provide a nice show for people in the community to come see,” Burnette said. Many of the acts are musical in nature, such as singing or instrumental performances, but there were no specific criteria for the variety show. To sign up, would-be performers either called Burnette or messaged the Jay Shelp Community Theatre’s Facebook page with a description of what they wished to do. Members of the community theatre also will perform a one-act play taken from the production, “A Christmas Chaos,” by Michael Wehrli. The farce tells the story of a theatre company scrambling to prepare a last-minute performance of Charles Dickens’ “A Christmas Carol.” Also taking to the stage will be the recently created Sheldon Community Choir. The group was formed earlier this year during the community theatre’s production of “Murder on the Orient Express.” “There were quite a few people sitting around, and one of the guys — Mark Richards — said, ‘Hey, we should start a choir,’” Burnette said. “Before you know it, they had a choir started.” Burnette said members of the community theatre are excited for the opportunity to showcase local talent while having fun in the process. Who: Jay Shelp Community Theatre What: Holiday Variety Show When: 7:30 p.m. Saturday, Jan. 4 Where: Sheldon High School auditorium Sheldon students show robots to board SHELDON—The Sheldon School District Board of Education got a crash course in robotic technology at its regularly scheduled meeting Wednesday, … Sheldon SLT hosts winter clothing drive United Fund supports Sheldon Girl Scouts Jay Shelp Community Theatre Wayne Burnette Sheldon High School Great Lakes Mall January Sidewalk Sale	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9539
__label__wiki	0.62759	0.62759	Court filing details how Russian trolls manipulated American politics Posted: 8:34 AM, Oct 20, 2018 Getty Images/CNNMoney <p>A new complaint unsealed Friday revealed extraordinary new details of how Russian trolls manipulate US politics and try to fool unsuspecting Americans on social media.</p> A new complaint unsealed Friday revealed extraordinary new details of how Russian trolls manipulate U.S. politics and try to fool unsuspecting Americans on social media. A Kremlin-friendly oligarch has allegedly continued pumping millions of dollars into the St. Petersburg troll farm that was responsible for interfering with the 2016 election. The Justice Department said the Russians "took extraordinary steps" to hide the fact that their controversial posts were coming from foreign meddlers. To make that happen, managers at the troll farm gave employees comprehensive instructions on how to pose as American activists, according to a court filing. Often these directions accompanied real article that the trolls would share, along with their own comments. Here are highlights from the court filing: They target specific politicians Managers at the troll farm told their employees to attack specific American politicians. "Brand McCain as an old geezer who has lost it and who long ago belonged in a home for the elderly," said one instruction from 2017. "Emphasize that John McCain's pathological hatred towards Donald Trump and towards all his initiatives crosses all reasonable borders and limits." Directions about House Speaker Paul Ryan said trolls should describe him as a "complete and absolute nobody incapable of any decisiveness" and encourage Americans to vote him out of office by supporting his Democratic opponent Randy Bryce. (These instructions were allegedly written in August 2017, months before Ryan announced his intention to retire from Congress.) Another set of instructions told the trolls to "expose Marco Rubio as a fake conservative who is a traitor to Republican values," referring to the Florida senator who ran against Trump in 2016. They latched onto the Mueller probe It's clear from the complaint that the Russian trolls latched onto the special counsel investigation led by Robert Mueller, which has dominated US politics for the past year. The instructions said: "Special prosecutor Mueller is a puppet of the establishment. List scandals that took place when Mueller headed the FBI. Direct attention to the listed examples." Other Kremlin-backed accounts on Twitter shared messages that encouraged Democrats and liberals to protest in the streets if Trump ever fired Mueller. These opposing messages highlight how the Russian trolls tried to inflame people on opposite sides of a major political issue. They are media savvy According to the filing, the Russians were familiar with the US media landscape, which includes mainstream news outlets, partisan websites, conspiracy websites, opinion-driven content and just about everything in between. "If you write posts in a liberal group, ... you must not use Breitbart titles. On the contrary, if you write posts in a conservative group, do not use Washington Post or BuzzFeed's title," one troll farm manager wrote to his or her employees in October 2017, according to the complaint. Posting articles from the right-wing outlet Breitbart in a Facebook group that proposes liberal causes could tip off unsuspecting Americans that the posts were not authentic or in character.\ They are aware of intersectionality The instructions show how the Russian trolls tried to manipulate the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community. They also allegedly wanted to take advantage of racial divisions within LGBT audiences, and some of their instructions appear to lean on blatantly racist stereotypes. "Colored LGBT are less sophisticated than white; therefore, complicated phrases and messages do not work," the instructions allegedly said. "Be careful dealing with racial content. Just like ordinary Blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans, colored LGBT people are very sensitive towards #whiteprivilege and they react to posts and pictures that favor white people." Some parts of the Russians' efforts to target LGBT voters have already been revealed, including a Facebook group called "LGBT United" that posted some ads that went viral in 2016. They went after California Several sets of instructions told the trolls to spread inflammatory messages about California. "Characterize the position of Californian sanctuary cities along with the position of the entire California administration as absolutely and completely treacherous and disgusting," one manager allegedly wrote, referring to cities that refuse to crack down on undocumented immigrants. Trolls were also told to emphasize the issue of requiring Americans to show ID before voting. One manager told an employee to suggest that there was significant voter fraud in California. "Emphasize that all illegal voters must be kept away from the ballot boxes at distances 'beyond artillery firing range.' ... Remind that the majority of the 'blue states' have no VOTER IDs, which suggests that large-scale falsifications are bound to be happening there." They were self-aware A dozen Russians who allegedly worked at the troll farm, and their oligarch patron, were indicted in February. The indictment was the first brought by Mueller against Russians, and it revealed for the first time the inner workings of the troll farm, known as the Internet Research Agency, Instead of shying away from the spotlight, some of the trolls seized on the moment to double down on their influence campaign. One Kremlin-linked Twitter account chimed in on the day of the indictment: "Russians indicted today: 13. Illegal immigrants crossing Mexican border indicted today: 0. Anyway, I hope that all those Internet Research Agency f***ers will be sent to gitmo."	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9541
__label__cc	0.643551	0.356449	Hawks Headlines: Quenneville Not Worried About Offense Also, we take a look at the Hawks' farm team and their recent performance Published at 1:36 am on October 23, 2013 In Wednesday’s edition of Hawks Headlines, we take a look at Corey Crawford’s excellent handling of a penalty shot in the team’s 3-2 victory over the Florida Panthers on Tuesday, as well as taking a quick peek at the week that was for the Rockford IceHogs. - Rather than starting with a member of the Hawks, we instead begin with former Blackhawk Brian Campbell, who has done quite well for himself as a member of the Panthers. There is one problem with his tenure with the Cats though: the jealousy he felt when the Hawks hoisted the Stanley Cup last June. [Chicago Tribune] - It isn’t often that you see a penalty shot in an NHL game, but that’s exactly what Corey Crawford had to face on Tuesday night. The shooter was Florida young gun Jonathan Huberdeau, and Crawford’s handling of the shot even impressed him. [ESPN Chicago] Australian Open 3 hours ago Patrick Kane 9 hours ago Patrick Kane Gets 1,000th Point, Blackhawks Beat Jets 5-2 - By and large, hockey players worth their salt are their own harshest critics, and Marian Hossa is no exception to that rule. [Chicago Sun-Times] - When asked about the team’s rationale for sending Joakim Nordstrom down to the AHL’s Rockford IceHogs, Joel Quenneville provided a straightforward answer. “This gets him more quality ice time, more rotations, some penalty kill. Hopefully, he can get that and keep going.” [CSN Chicago] - Speaking of the IceHogs, Jeremy Morin had quite the week for himself with the Hawks’ farm team. [Blackhawks.com] - One of the biggest threats to any team coming off of a championship is the dreaded “hangover”, but at least in the eyes of Quenneville, the Hawks have largely avoided that pitfall. [Daily Herald] - Finally, Quenneville also shrugged off the notion that the Hawks’ offense is something that he is worried about, telling the media on Tuesday night that he’s “not worried about our offense, because I know it’s there.” [Pro Hockey Talk]	cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line9543

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