pred_label
stringclasses 2
values | pred_label_prob
float64 0.5
1
| wiki_prob
float64 0.25
1
| text
stringlengths 148
1.01M
| source
stringlengths 39
45
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
__label__wiki
| 0.62397
| 0.62397
|
Anonymous asked in Politics & GovernmentPolitics · 1 month ago
Do you think democrats will be disappointed when they finally get Trump's tax returns and find out that a tax return does not include a?
form that classifies illegal activities
Insert Meme Here
True enough: people who commit tax fraud don’t report that fact to the IRS. But every year hundreds of people go to jail for tax fraud and thousands are subject to civil fraud penalties.
People get caught cheating all the time.
Forensic accountants in the Southern and Eastern Districts of New York City and Virginia are more interested in Trump's tax returns than we are. It's just curious why Donald Trump feels he has to lie about them after he said he'd release them "after the audit." Can criminals actually account for laundered money?
I doubt that we'll be disappointed. An innocent man wouldn't be fighting the release of his tax returns all the way up to the Supreme Court!
It's one of the greatest trolls he has pulled off.
PoBoy
No, I expect the return to document deductions he is not entitled to and demonstrable fraud. If he filed honest returns he would not be all in on hiding them.
BlueNinjaLove
No, since no one is thinking this because that isn't a thing. Stop making up nonsense.
Rayal
No................... (classifies illegal activities ??)
No no no no no no no no no
How do I get my neighbor to take down his confederate flag?
Why does the homeless grow even though the economy is good?
Describe Bernie Sanders in one word?
Trumpsters: Why do you want the Constitution to be destroyed? Do you really want a monarchy?
Should we put trump on the $100 bill?
Why did Pelosi lie about the impeachment not being political?
How can Alt-Right and Muslims unite to eliminate Jews and Zionists?
Are Southerners still mad that slavery is gone?
Martin Luther King Day as a federal holiday was signed into law by Ragan, a REPUBLICAN! I thought we were racists. Jealous libs and dims?
Why do people not realize that the Constitution is in grave peril?
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405734
|
__label__cc
| 0.540642
| 0.459358
|
Home / Fiction in Translation / Nights of Musk
View cart “Basrayatha” has been added to your cart.
Look Inside Nights of Musk
Nights of Musk
Stories from Old Nubia
Haggag Hassan Oddoul
Translated byAnthony Calderbank
This collection of short stories, both poignant and skillfully crafted, bring to life the tragic demise of traditional Nubian life and culture. If the
12.5X20cm
This collection of short stories, both poignant and skillfully crafted, bring to life the tragic demise of traditional Nubian life and culture. If the earlier dams that were built across the Nile during the first half of the twentieth century caused increasing numbers of the men-folk to migrate north to Cairo and Alexandria to work as servants, waiters, and doormen, the completion of the High Dam in 1964 sounded the death knell. While the temples of Abu Simbel were meticulously relocated at great expense, the drowning of the ancient heartland of the Nubian people along the banks of the Nile went largely unnoticed. Haggag Oddoul’s work, as well as documenting the personal tragedy of individuals caught up in massive social transformation, also casts a nostalgic light on the heritage and way of life of the Nubians: their rhythmic dancing, their beautiful women, the lively humor of their elders, and the enormous centrality of their traditions and the spirits with which they shared the environment. Two stories in this collection, ‘’Zeinab Uburty’’ and ‘’Nights of Musk,’’ offer a bucolic and dream-like insight into the world that has disappeared for ever under the water behind the dam. Meanwhile, two other stories, ‘’Adila, Grandmother’’ and ‘’The River People,’’ document the departure of the men, while the women are left behind to go fallow, and the second and third generations born in the cities of the north have only their grandmother’s tales and her pigeon Arabic to remind them of their heritage.
Haggag Hassan Oddoul was born in Alexandria in 1944 to parents who had left their native village in the Nubian region of southern Egypt. He was a construction worker on the Aswan High Dam, then served in the Egyptian armed forces during the War of Attrition and the October 1973 War. He began writing at the age of forty, and has written short stories, novels, and plays. Nights of Musk was awarded the State Prize for Short Stories in 1990. Anthony Calderbank, who lived in Egypt for many years, has had a long interest in Arabic language and literature. His most recent translation is Rhadopis of Nubia by Naguib Mahfouz (AUC Press, 2003).
Nights of Musk Reviews
“…a very moving book”—Arab News; “The author finely weaves his delightful yarn that affords the reader an inkling of the rich Nubian culture.”—CSA, September 05; “a lovely work that is implicitly political yet deeply personal”—Richard Woffenden, Cairo Magazine, August 05; “Haggag Hassan Oddoul’s recreation of the humanity, love and magic of a lost Nubian world is deeply moving even without considering that most of his homeland (and the setting for the stories) is now underwater.”—Richard Woffenden, Cairo Magazine, August 05; “His beautiful stories gently illustrate the internal conflicts that arise from displacement and subtly describe the depths of tradition and culture.”—Richard Woffenden, Cairo Magazine, August 05; “In his stories, Oddoul captures – in astounding detail – the ways of the Nubian people and the tragedy of their demise through the course of history”—Sarah Ali, Egypt Today, August 2005.
A Libyan Novel
Ibrahim al-Koni
Translated by William M. Hutchins
Translated byWilliam M. Hutchins
Cell Block Five
An Iraqi Novel
Fadhil al-Azzawi
Clamor of the Lake
Mohamed El-Bisatie
Translated by Hala Halim
Translated byHala Halim
An Egyptian Novel
Miral al-Tahawy
Translated by Samah Selim
Translated bySamah Selim
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405735
|
__label__wiki
| 0.526001
| 0.526001
|
THE GOLDEN HOUR: A Nora Tierney English Mystery #4 Monday, Jul 31 2017
amateur sleuth and Award winning novelist and complex mystery and Continued series winner and great read and mystery to die for Auntie M Writes Crime 3:01 pm
THE GOLDEN HOUR is Auntie M’s 4th Nora Tierney English Mystery. It’s always exciting bringing out a new book, akin to birthing a baby. After the initial first draft, that lump of clay goes through multiple revisions: workshopping with colleagues to find the story; more revisions after beta readers chime in and point out areas that don’t make sense or need fixing; more rewrites after the “Britspeak” is corrected by wonderful UK friends. P D James told Auntie M years ago that “the real writing gets done in revision,” something she repeats to herself as a mantra when the going gets tough.
While the book tour isn’t until October into November, you can order trade paperbacks now on Amazon or through Bridle Path Press, and she recommends that latter if you’d like a signed copy! http://www.bridlepathpress.com.
Thanks to the talented Giordana Segneri who did the layout and that lovely domestic cover design; to Becky Brown, copyeditor; to Eagle Eye Pam Desloges; and to Beth Cole who did the Kindle files.
The book will be on Kindle later this week and this fall, in conjunctin with the tour, on Audible, with the wonderful British narrator, Nano Nagle, who’s done a wonderful job on the others in the series.
This one’s a bit different from her usual and Auntie M hopes you will enjoy it as much as Ausma Khan, Elly Griffiths and Sarah Ward, who all gave her cover blurbs. Great crime writers all, and she’s chuffed to have their names on her cover~
Uncategorized Auntie M Writes Crime 2:46 pm
Claire Douglas: Local Girl Missing Sunday, Jul 30 2017
Claire Douglas, author of The Sisters, returns with an equally dark and creepy psychological thriller in Local Girl Missing.
Readers will rapidly become immersed in the story of two childhood friends, Frankie Howe and Sophie Collier. Sophie’s story is told in chapters that are diary excerpts from a time before she went missing.
Sophie disappeared and has been presumed dead for twenty years. Then Frankie, now managing her parents hotels in London, gets a call from Sophie’s brother, Daniel. Remains have been found near the old pier in their homemtown where Sophie disappeared. Daniel is awaiting DNA results and asks Frankie to travel back home to help him discover what really happened to Sophie.
How can she not go? Despite her father ailing with a severe stsroke, Frankie risks her mother’s disapproval to travel home to the seaside town where the three of them were raised. Daniel finds her a flat to stay in for the days she’s there, and the two start by talking to those who knew Sophie when she died, and still live or have returned to the area.
This includes Leon, that young man Sophie loved, and while Frankie soon becomes afraid of him, she can’t disappoint Daniel by leaving him to face things alone. It’s a complicated time, made worse by threatening letters Frankie starts receiving and glimpes of Sophie. Is it her ghost, coming back to warn Frankie?
Drinking heavily, upset by the memories, and afraid of the future, Frankie breaks off her relationship in London and thinks she just might be falling in love with Daniel.
This is a twisted tour de force of plotting and complexities, where no one is who or how they seem at first glance. A page-turner.
Fiona Barton: The Child Thursday, Jul 27 2017
Fiona Barton’s debut, The Widow, thrust her into the minds of readers everywhere and introduced reporter Kate Waters. She returns with The Child, and it’s every bit as suspensful and well written, sure to please readers with its compelling story.
Journalist Kate is a seasoned print reporter trying to stay afloat in a 24 hr/online news world. She’s saddled with a trainee, Joe Jackson, just as a small article catches her eye when construction workers in Woolrich discover the remains of baby, long-buried and reduced to bones.
Besides Kate, the discovery affects two women: Angela, whose baby Alice was stolen from her hospital cot the night after being born; and Emma, a young woman whose secret has affected her entire life. Emma’s mother, Jude, raised Emma as a single mother and has a complicated relationship with her daughter.
Angela is convinced the bones are of her baby, Alice. Emma is convinced of something entirely different. Kate just wants to find the truth of the matter and the answer to her question: “Who would bury a baby?”Each woman, with Kate’s help, will find the answers they need to know.
Kate can’t let this story go, to the detriment at times of her own family life. She sets out to investigate the old neighbors who lived in that neighborhood, and uncovers tales of drugs, parties, illicit sex and more. She encourages Angela and is with the woman when her DNA is tested. And through a circuitous route, she eventually meet Emma and Jude.
Complicating matters is the way Kate must tread carefully between her job as a reporter to get the lead on the news, and the police investigation. Her detective contact is one she holds dear, and she must keep his confidence and that of the lead detective looking into the identity of the remains, while holding her editor at bay.
Each woman’s story is precisely told in this character-driven mystery, a taut thriller that explores the complex relationships we all hold with our families, our jobs, and our perceived identities. The suspense as the story unfolds will keep readers flipping pages to the satisfying denouement. Highly recommended.
Karen Dionne: The Marsh King’s Daughter Tuesday, Jul 25 2017
great read and mystery to die for Auntie M Writes Crime 12:42 am
Karen Dionne’s superb psychological suspense, The Marsh King’s Daughter, brings readers the story of a child born in captivity to her abducted mother and kidnapper father. Not realizng until age 11 that her mother had been taken against her will as a young teen, Helena’s youth story is told in recall throughout the modern story of adult Helena’s desperate attempts to track her father before he can find her.
With exquisitely detailed prose of Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, born out of Dionne’s own expericences living off the land in the wilderness in the 70’s, the author creates Helena’s world, raised so far off the grid that she has rarely seen other humans except thoe in old copies of National Geographics she’s used to teach her self to read. What she has learned is how to hunt and trap, and to use the land to live off of it.
All of these skills become extraordinarily useful as an adult. After leaving the UP with her mother, in an unforgettable scene that is detailed later in the book, Helena must adjust to life in the outside world. It’s an uneasy experience, one that leaves her with scars deeper than the tattoos her father gave her as a child.
Restarting her life under a new name, Helena is married with two little girls to her photographer husband when her father escapes from prison. She knows he is on his way to find her and hurt her and her family for turning him in–and knows she must hunt him down first.
It’s a complicated relationship, as Helena’s father taught her everything she’s learned, and a part of her loves him. But as she’s been in the modern world, she realizes more and more the control and abuse she and her mother suffered at his hands.
It’s a remarkable story that is by turns amazing and absolutely terrifying, causing Lee Child to call it,” sensationally good psychological suspense…” Highly recommended.
John Farrow: Perish the Day Sunday, Jul 23 2017
Author and playwright Trevor Ferguson writes the Emile Cinq-Mars series under the pen name John Farrow. He brings us Perish the Day, with Emile and his wife, Sandra, staying at her mother’s New Hampshire horse farm as the woman lies in a coma after a life well lived.
It’s raining hard in the small town of Holyoake, just down the road from Ivy League Dartmouth. Sandra’s niece is graduating from the big college’s stepchild, the Dowboggin School of International Relations, and along with Sandra’s sister, they plan to also attend Caroline’s graduation. The rain obscures roads, overflows rivers, and creates havoc that only intensifies when the body of one of Caro’s friends is found at the bottom of a locked clock tower.
Emile soon finds himself immersed in trying to find out what happened to Caro’s friend, Addie. Hers will be the first of three murders in short order, and as the case heats up, territorial disputes threaten to overwhelm the investigation, even as the weather interferes with everything.
He finds a way to insinuate himself, even as Sandra’s mother dies and they plan her funeral. Enlisting Caro and two of her friends, the retired Canadian detective will use his wits and his experience to find out who would kill a young student, an older professor, and a custodian at the college.
Only Emile could bring the disparate forces of troopers, local sheriff, and FBI together to solve a complicated case that is unlike any he’s seen before. It’s a tour de force of his thinking abilities.
One of the hallmarks of the series is Emile’s ruminations on the case, spirituality, life, and his marriage. It makes for involved and heady reading, a literary feel to what is essentially a crime novel. His feel for his setting, and how he uses it, deepen our understanding of where he finds himself at this moment in time. Despite his appearance, Emile Cinq-Mars is highly attractive and thoroughly engaging.
Another winner in a series that keep getting better. Highly recommended.
On the Importance of Writing Groups Friday, Jul 21 2017
On The Importance of Writing Groups
Auntie M belongs to a unique writing group. What author doesn’t want to improve his or her writing skills? Mine meets in person yearly, but we are in contact all year long on email. It’s an unusual concept, but one that works for us because we are all novelists, and when we meet, we workshop our entire novels. We rotate to each other’s homes each year across the country, so we’ve visited each other’s homes and explored different areas.
Our week together is thrilling beyond belief, but filled with hard work as we go through each other’s manuscripts page by page, after having received them the month before for our first reading. Picture four female writers sitting around a table, a tin of chocolate chip cookies in the center to sustain them, various beverages at hand, pens and pencils, and those stacks of manuscript pages. It’s daunting and exhilarating at once.
We learn what’s worked for the others in our first drafts—and what hasn’t. We learn what needs to be expanded and what needs to be trimmed. We learn what thoughts we’ve kept locked inside our brains that never made it to the page. Most of all, we gather ideas for filling out the plot and adding texture to create a fully realized book and a satisfying read. This is the goal of any writing group, and it can come to you if you join a local group.
Auntie M writes crime novels but some of the others don’t. We have not found this to be an obstacle. Good writing and a good story keep our interest. Our hallmark is that the author is owner of her work, and the critique process represents suggestions. If one other person finds fault with a passage, I take that under advisement. But if three other writers tell me my pacing is slow in the same spot, you’d better believe I’m going to revise that scene.
But this process we’ve derived is not for most writers. What’s far more reasonable is for writers in any genre to belong to a writing group that meets monthly or bi-monthly. One group I’m aware of that I can highly recommend is the Pamlico Writers Group. Meeting bi-monthly for general critique sessions in the historic Turnage Theatre in downtown Washington, NC, it’s one of the oldest writing groups in North Carolina.
The group sponsors workshops and meet-the-author luncheons, where writers have the opportunity to pick the brains of published authors in a casual setting. The workshops offer variations on different aspects writers need on craft, publishing, techniques and other skill sets.
For several years now Auntie M has been teaching writing workshops at the PWG’s yearly conference that draws writers and readers from all over the state and bordering areas. I’ve been on panel discussions and met budding authors, published big names, publishers, agents, and all manner of readers and fans. As part of this yearly conference, the PWG sponsors a writing competition, handing out prizes in several genres, with a category for high school writers. 2018’s conference will be held March 23rd and 24th, so do plan to keep those dates open and check their website for registration opening.
If you’re any level of writer who longs to be a part of an enthusiastic and diverse writing community, learn about the PWG and contact them through their website: http://www.pamlicowritersgroup.wildaprocot.org, or email Sherri Hollister (pwgcritique.group@gmail.com) or Louis Edwards (pwgwashingtonnc@gmail.com) with questions or for more information. And do check out their anthology contest, which opened July 15th~
Mark Billingham: Die of Shame & Love Like Blood Wednesday, Jul 19 2017
Readers of Auntie M Writes know that Mark Billingham is one of her favorites. So it was frustrating that she’d missed reading Die of Shame, which starts out as a stand-alone featuring Detective Inspector Nicola Tanner and has a tie-in to Tom Thorn at its end.
It starts with six people, all addicts of some kind, in a group therapy session held by their therapist in his home. With his wife and teen daughter on the periphery, the six speak of their secrets and tell their stories of the life they’ve tried to leave. The object is to reveal their deepest shame.
It’s an intriguing setup, as each of these characters has something to hide. When one of them is murdered, it will fall to DI Tanner to ferret out the murderer. Readers will learn of the addict’s ability to obfuscate and explain away any situation. As Tanner’s investigation advances, it soon becomes clear that one of the six is responsible for the victim’s death.
That’s where Tom Thorne comes in at the end, working undercover as the newest member of the group.
While this one can definitely be read as a stand-alone, and it’s new in paperback for those like Auntie M who missed it last year, Billingham’s newest, Love Like Blood, follows the thread. Not with the group, which is tied up easily, but with DI Nicola Tanner as Thorne’s off-the-books newest partner.
It opens with a grissly home invasion that becomes a ghastly murder. At first, readers assume it Tanner who’s the victim, but although she was probably the proposed victim, Tanner’s partner Susan has borrowed her car that day and is brutally murdered in her stead.
Due to her closeness to the victim, policy dictates Tanner must be off the case. She enlists Thorne to take the case on, with her aiding him unofficially. When a young couple from different cultures go missing, they soon realize their targets are a pair of contracted killers, performing so-called ‘honor’ killings for families.
It’s a set-up that has nothing good about it. Thorne worming his way into a community where he’s despised just for being a cop; Tanner continuing to investigate when she shouldn’t. There’s Tom’s home with Helen and her son, Alfie, to consider, too, with Helen dealing with her own bad case.
A sobering Author’s note describes the statistics of increasing honor killings in the UK, and details one particular heartbreaking case. Leave it to Mark Billingham to sensitively explore this issue. Highly recommended, both of them. Do yourself a favor and read them both.
David Bell: Bring Her Home Sunday, Jul 16 2017
Award winning novelist and complex mystery and great read and mystery to die for Auntie M Writes Crime 12:42 am
At the opening of David Bell’s newest suspenseful novel, Bring Her Home, readers may think they know where this is headed.
Eighteen months after the accidental death of his wife, Julie, Bill Price’s teenaged daughter and her best friend disappear. Summer Price and her friend Haley have been almost inseparable for years. It’s a father’s worst nightmare and intensifies when the two girls are found, badly beaten, in a Kentucky city park. Haley is dead and Summer is so badly beaten, her face is unrecognizable. She might have brain or vision damage. She might not remember who did this to her.
As Bill’s sister drives in from her Ohio home, she brings a voice of reason and support to Bill, whose legendary temper often gets the best of him. As the pair keep vigil over Summer in Intensive Care, the investigation heats up and unwelcome stories about the girls and their behavior and company surface. Bill starts asking questions of his own to uncover the truth.
But the surprises keep coming, in twists and plot turns that elevate this to a gripping crime novel. Bill Price will have to adjust his thinking about his dead wife, his friends and neighbors, and his own daughter.
A layered mystery, filled with emotions that strike as realistic and keep pace with the surprises, this is one of those thrillers that will have readers flipping pages long after the light should have been turned out.
Rob Hart: The Woman from Prague Friday, Jul 14 2017
Continued series winner and great read Auntie M Writes Crime 12:20 am
Rob Hart returns with PI Ash McKenna in The Woman from Prague., which is where he finds himself, laying low for the past months, but on a visa ready to run out.
This entertaining novel elevates the spy genre with Ash’s first person POV, the crisp dialogue, and Ash’s wry thoughts when he finds himself strong-armed into working for a supposed US agent who knows far too much about Ash and his background. But can “Roman” be trusted? And is he who he says he is?
Things quickly go south–did Auntie M mention there’s a woman involved? –as the meet Roman sets up turns deadly. Ash is forced to go on the run with the mysterious Samantha. Despite the lovely Sam in tow, Ash finds the role of an international spy is not all James Bond made it seem.
He’s in a foreign city, with someone he can’t trust, being hunted for reasons he can’t fathom.
Non-stop action gives readers a wild ride in a great setting. The fast pace makes this a perfect summer read.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405737
|
__label__cc
| 0.648556
| 0.351444
|
Consular Section /
Consular Services /
Pages /
Laissez-Passer for a Corpse from Norway to Bosnia-Herzegovina
A. If the deceased, at the time of death, was a citizen of Bosnia and Herzegovina, who did not die from any contagious disease, and under the understanding that the deceased had not been buried or cremated in Norway/Iceland, the Embassy may issue the certificate for the transfer of deceased’s human remains (BiH) upon submitting the following documents:
01 - Filled out application form (søknad) for the transfer of human remains
02 - Deceased’s passport,
03 - Medical Certificate of Death /Legeerklæring om dødsfall/
04 - Death Certificate /Melding om dødsfall/ from issuing authority - Tingrett / District Court,
05 - Proof from Police (Bekreeftelse fra politi) that there is no objection for the corpse to be transported out of Norway/Iceland,
06 - Certification from the Funeral Home (Begravelsebyrå) that the human remains had not been buried and that the casket, with the remains, has been prepared for shipment according to international standards (Hermetically Zinc Coffin),
07 - Proof of Funeral place reservation from BiH,
08 - Consular Fee according to the Consular Fee Tariffs payable to bank account: 6030.05.73897, Embassy of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Please include required amount for the expenses of registered mail - via Posten Norge.
B. If the cause of death of the deceased was a contagious disease or the deceased had been buried or cremated in Norway/Iceland and the remains have been taken after post exhumation or she/he was not a citizen of Bosnia-Herzegovina, the following documents should be submitted:
02 - Filled out only one request for the transport of the human remains from abroad to BiH, depending on the place of interment (Federation of BiH, Republika Srpska, Brčko District BiH)
04 - Certified translation of Medical Certificate of Death in either Serbian, Croatian, or Bosnian by authorised court translator,
08 - Proof of Funeral place reservation from Bosnia-Herzegovina,
09 - Proof of identity - it can be one of these documents: passport, identity card or driver’s licence issued by relevant authorities of Bosnia-Herzegovina or SFRY, or from other country
In this case, the certificate will be issued only after receiving an approval from relevant authorities of Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH).
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405741
|
__label__wiki
| 0.786454
| 0.786454
|
37 results: 1 - 37
full text (31)
Browsing geology (subject), resource type database
Academic Complete Collection on Proquest Ebook Central
The database of electronic books in all fields of science.
Academic Search Complete (EBSCO)
Multi-disciplinary database of scholarly journals.
The trial access until 31st December 2019.
American Physical Society (APS) journals
Scientific journals in all fields of physics published by American Physical Society (APS).
The collection contains ARAN, the open access repository of the National University of Ireland, Galway. The repository includes peer-reviewed articles, working papers, and conference papers produced at the National University of Ireland.
Bachelor and Master theses of Vilnius University (ETD)
Bachelor´s and Master´s theses of Vilnius university
For uploading your works please contact Centre of Information Technology Development by phone (+370 5) 236 6200 or by email e-klausimai@vu.lt
Bibliographic database of articles of Lithuanian periodical press
Articles of Lithuanian periodical press (1994-2002)
User name and pasword: guest
BIBSYS Brage contains open access material from more than 50 higher education and research institutions in Norway. Brage consists of research-papers, masters theses and reports from the main universities and colleges in Norway. The documents are Open Access and freely available to the public.
Central & Eastern European Academic Source (EBSCO)
Multidisciplinary and multilingual database of scholarly journals published in central and eastern European countries
Database of National bibliography
Periodical articles in Lithuanian press from 2003
This collection contains DigitalCommons@McMaster, the institutional repository of the research and scholarly output at McMaster University. Subject areas cover the full range of academic interest. Nearly all of the repository is open access; some few records may be restricted for delivery.
This collection contains the research publications and student theses found on the DiVA portal, hosted at the Uppsala University Library. DiVA is the centralized archive of a group of 30 Scandinavian universities. Materials include theses, dissertations, and other academic publications.
This collection contains the theses and dissertations produced at the Free University of Berlin.
EBSCO eBook Academic Collection contains over 60 000 ebooks.
Lietuvos akademinės elektroninės bibliotekos EBSCOhost el. knygų katalogas
Helpsheet (PDF)
EOD Search
Multi-disciplinary database of historical ebooks.
Information covering all aspects of human impact to the environment
The HathiTrust Digital Library brings together the vast collections of major research institutions and libraries. This collection includes records for material in the public domain. However, access to small number of materials might be temporarily restricted due to copyright validation. Only customers located outside of the United States should activate this collection.
This collection includes a selection of open access articles from hybrid titles.
Full text multi-disciplinary archive of scholarly journals.
Subscribed collections: Arts & Sciences I; Arts & Sciences II; Arts & Sciences III; Arts & Sciences IV, Arts & Sciences V.
Lithuanian Academic Electronic Library (eLABa)
Lithuanian science and study electronic documents
Search eLABa
MasterFILE Premier (EBSCO)
MasterFILE Premier contains full text for general reference magazines and publications that cover a wide-range of subject areas including business, health, education, general science and multicultural issues.
Nature journals
Scholarly journals covering all fields of science and technology.
Available content from the newest issues of the current year and all other publications dating at least four years back.
Newspaper Source (EBSCO)
Articles from USA and other countries newspapers
NORA aggregates scholarly content from over 50 Norwegian archives. It is a collaboration between the university libraries at the University of Bergen, NTNU, University of Troms? with funding from the Norwegian Digital Library.
Oxford Journals Collection
Scientific journals covering all fields of science published by Oxford University Press.
Scientific journals in all fields of science.
Additional subscription:
European Labour Law Journal
New Journal of European Criminal Law
The Stata Journal
Scientific journal of original scientific research, global news, and commentary.
Science Direct: Freedom Collection
Scientific journals in all fields of science
Title list (journals)
The database contains full-text research journals published by Springer Verlag and Kluwer Academic Press on the issues of biomedicine, medicine, life sciences, physics, mathematics, engineering, computing, humanities, social sciences, etc.
SwePub provides the publications of 30 Swedish universities -- including articles, conference papers, dissertations, and more -- for search. Topics range the gamut of research fields.
Taylor&Francis
Full text journals in fields of humanities, social sciences, medicine, public health, etc.
Accessible all online publications issued in the chronological order from the latest issues of curent year with a 20 year backfile.
The bibliography of Lithuania. Series C
Bibliographic database of articles published in Lithuanian periodical publications in Lithuania in 1908 and in Lithuania Minor in 1912–1913
Tímarit.is a digital library of the newspapers and periodicals from the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland.
Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics)
Citation database in all fields of science, constituent parts of which are: Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Science Citation Index, Arts & Humanities Citation Index, Conference Proceeding Citation Index - Science Edition & Social Science & Humanities Edition.
Wiley Online Library Books
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405742
|
__label__cc
| 0.570776
| 0.429224
|
Home News Airtel Undercuts Jio: 1GB Data and Unlimited Calling at ₹93 with 28-Day...
Airtel Undercuts Jio: 1GB Data and Unlimited Calling at ₹93 with 28-Day Validity
Beebom Contributor -
Beebom Contributor
Ever since the launch of Reliance Jio, telecoms have been waging wars to entice more subscribers with cheapest possible plans. Jio recently extended the validity of its ₹98 plan – which offers 2GB data and unlimited calling – to 28 days under the Republic Day 2018 offer and to match up, Bharti Airtel has extended the validity of its ₹93 plan.
The ₹93 plan by Airtel is meant for consumers who have a higher requirement for calling credits than mobile data and offers 1GB 4G/3G data, unlimited calling, and 100 SMSes per day. The validity of the plan was earlier 10 days and has now been increased to 28 days to compete against Jio’s plan. The plan is available, as TelecomTalk reports, for most users in the Andhra Pradesh and Telangana region and for select users in Mumbai, Delhi, and other circles while for other users, the validity remains to be 10 days.
Please bear in mind that the “unlimited” calling is limited to 250 minutes daily and 1,000 minutes per week. Additionally, users are permitted to only call 100 unique numbers. Once usage exceeds any of these parameters, users are charged at 2p per second for both local and STD calls.
While Airtel’s plan falls short of Jio’s ₹98 pack in terms of data, it eclipses the latter’s SMS allowance with 2800 local and STD SMSes for the same validity compared to only 300 SMSes offered by Jio. Meanwhile, Vodafone offers 1GB of 4G/3G data for ₹95 but there is no other benefit that you get from the plan. At the same time, Idea Cellular offers 1GB 3G data along with unlimited calling for ₹93 for a duration of 28 days.
In case you have higher requirements for data, you can opt for the ₹149 plan by Airtel which offers 1GB 4G data per day along with unlimited calling, free roaming, and 100 daily SMSes. Comparatively, Jio’s plan for the same value edges out Airtel’s by offering 1.5GB 4G data along with 100 SMSes per day, bundled with free unlimited calling.
Cryptominer Malware Hidden as WAV Accidentally Caused BSODs
Subin B - Jan 19, 2020
Microsoft Blazor Lets You Build Android and iOS Apps in C#...
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405743
|
__label__wiki
| 0.898534
| 0.898534
|
BetteBack August 20, 1990: Midler Calls Roseanne Barr Crass
BetteBack Scenes From A Mall
Daily Herald Suburban Chicago
Bette Midler holds most big name female humorists in high regard, except for Roseanne Barr.
“I’m sorry, but I can’t think she’s funny,” Midler says in a published report. “I think she’s crass.” But she describes Tracey Ullman as “brilliant — witty beyond belief” and Carol Burnett as “very, very classy. Whoopi Goldberg is described as “gifted ‘ and “geniune in
her own work.”
Midler herself has wrapped up filming a new Paul Mazursky picture with co-star Woody Allen. She plays a therapist anxious about the onset of her 16th wedding anniversary.
BetteBack June 23, 1989: Midler Wins Favorite Female Performer In Movies 3rd Time In A Row – American Comedy Awards
Eddie Murphy to Receive Top U.S. Humor Prize at Kennedy Center
WHILE WE’RE YOUNG Director Noah Baumbach Talks Reinvention, James Murphy, and More
Carol Burnett surprises local singer
BetteBack December 6, 1973: Bette Midler To Receive…
Video: The Roseanne Show with Bette Midler and…
8 Stars Who Couldn’t Cut It as Murphy Brown’s…
Photo: Bette Midler & Martin at the American Comedy…
Tags: Bette Midler
Bette Midler – Keep On Rockin Kiss My Brass – 2004
BetteBack August 23, 1990: Bette To Release New Album Sept. 25th 1990
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405751
|
__label__wiki
| 0.632096
| 0.632096
|
Borderix
Could the Federal government start paying for abortions after the 2020 elections?
by Borderix
In 1976, conservative Congressman Henry Hyde of Illinois introduced a bill that would ban the use of federal funding for abortion expenses except in instances of rape, incest or danger to the life of the mother.
Today, the Hyde Amendment, which has been added as a rider to federal budget appropriation bills since 1977, prohibits abortion coverage for approximately 74 million Medicaid recipients.
It also prohibits the federal government from covering abortion in health programs for federal employees, federal prisoners, those who rely on Indian Health Services, active military members and veterans, among others.
I’m a social work health scholar who studies vulnerable people’s access to reproductive health care. Now that the Hyde amendment has become a focus for some candidates in the 2020 presidential election, I believe it’s important to understand who it affects and how it can be repealed.
Hyde hurts young people of color
At the amendment’s inception, Henry Hyde noted his inability to restrict abortion for everyone and said he would have to settle for impeding access for poor women.
Hyde sponsored a bill in Congress limiting spending of tax money to pay for abortions.
AP Photo/Charles Harrity
In its current form, the amendment primarily affects poor people, people of color and those who are young.
As the Kaiser Foundation indicates, women of color have higher rates of unintended pregnancy compared with white women. This likely results from difficulty accessing preventive health care.
In fact, the majority of those who have abortions in the U.S. are adolescents and young adults with limited financial resources.
My own research shows that adolescents in a sample of people who could not afford abortions were more likely to identify as black or African American, compared with adults in the same sample.
So, does the amendment prevent abortions, as Sen. Hyde intended it to do? It’s hard to say, because we have no data showing how many people who are served by federal health programs get abortions without using their insurance.
However, the Guttmacher Institute estimates that between 18% and 37% of Medicaid recipients who carried unwanted pregnancies to term did so due to an inability to pay for desired abortions.
Abortion opponents view this as evidence of Hyde’s success, but research indicates that there are varied and serious public health impacts for those who are denied abortion and for their children. These include poverty, greater reliance on public assistance programs and child development delays.
The Hyde Amendment’s impact
My research highlights the ways Hyde disproportionately affects marginalized populations that have the most difficulty affording abortion.
Abortion funds are organizations that provide financial assistance to help pay for abortions. My research indicates that the majority of people assisted by these organizations are young people of color who are already parenting at least one child.
Some states, such as New York and California, use their own funds to go around the Hyde requirements and include abortion services for Medicaid recipients. Unsurprisingly, I found that people who received private financial assistance to help with abortion costs were more likely to live in states that had not expanded their Medicaid programs to cover abortions.
Bipartisan appeal
Hyde has survived for more than 40 years because historically there has been bipartisan support for the amendment in Congress, and there is certainly not a road to repeal when Republicans hold a majority in the Senate.
That said, eliminating Hyde is straightforward. Because the amendment is added as a rider to the budget appropriation each year, all that’s required is to vote for lawmakers who will end this practice. Moving forward, that would permit abortion coverage in federal health programs.
Some officials are taking an active approach to repeal. For example, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez introduced a petition to repeal the amendment. In March, several Democrats reintroduced the Equal Access to Abortion Coverage in Health Insurance Act, which would allow federal insurance programs to cover abortion.
While a slight majority of Americans polled support requirements for insurance to cover abortion, the majority also oppose public funding for abortion. This suggests that the voters may not understand that public funding of abortion is necessary for abortion to be covered by all insurance plans.
[ Get the best of The Conversation, every weekend. Sign up for our weekly newsletter. ]
Gretchen E. Ely, Professor of Social Work and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
Source link The Conversation. Republished articles under Creative Commons license.
MásMóvil supera 1,5 millones de clientes de banda ancha fija en tres años
Spread the love El grupo MásMóvil ha alcanzado 1,5 millones
Spread the love El ornitorrinco, un emblemático y extraño animal
El día más triste del año, el "blue monday", no existe
Spread the love Los psicólogos tienen claro que el “blue
La vietnamita Viettel será la sexta del mundo en ofrecer su propio 5G
Spread the love Viettel, la mayor compañía de telecomunicaciones de
Latest from Politics
Impeachment trial senators swear an oath aimed at guarding ‘against malice, falsehood, and evasion’
‘Lennon Walls’ herald a sticky-note revolution in Hong Kong
A Navy scandal sheds light on the nature of bribery and the limits of free speech
US and Iran have a long, troubled history
Borderix News
Space Anomalies
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405752
|
__label__cc
| 0.745171
| 0.254829
|
Brava Magazine
Read by Section
Raves & Faves
Buy Brava
Send Us Your Story Idea or Editorial Coverage Request
Upcoming Brava Events
Brava Night Out events
Madison Kid’s Expo
Madison Women’s Weekend
Thrive Career Workshops
Well Expo Madison
BRAVA Events Recap
Become a BRAVA THRIVE Speaker
View the Community Events Calendar
BRAVA Book Club
FEATURES January 1, 2020 December 26, 2019
Shonita Roach: Advocating for Mothers of Color
by BRAVA Magazine
By Julia Richards | Photographed by Hillary Schave on location at Hilton Madison Monona Terrace
Shonita Roach has endured challenges in life that most would find unimaginable. As a child she was abused and then placed in foster care. She lost a son at 21 months. She had an extended NICU stay with another son born with a severe birth defect. All of these challenges were compounded by the racism she faced as a black woman in the United States.
Roach was on her own, grieving the recent loss of her adoptive mother, who had been helping care for her young son, and suffering from postpartum mental illness when she had to move. She left her son unattended while she made a phone call. When she returned a few minutes later he had suffocated and was dead.
“Honestly, it broke her awhile,” says her sister Tameria Roach, who talks to Shonita on the phone daily.
When Shonita gave birth to her second son, she gave him to another sister to raise.
“She realized that she wasn’t prepared to be a parent and she asked for help. And a lot of people don’t,” Tameria says. After many months of counseling, parenting classes and visitations, Shonita regained custody of her son, who is now 12.
“It was a long process, but it was needed for her. And it was something that made her realize that postpartum mental health is so important,” Tameria says.
Shonita recognized not only the importance of postpartum mental health care, but also the lack of support systems providing it, especially addressing the needs of women of color.
“The black experience is different when it comes to mental health,” Shonita says.
“Imagine being afraid of acknowledging that you’re dealing with something that can simply be spoken out of your mouth to a therapist, but that therapist takes it as if you’re a danger to your child.”
She decided to educate herself in political action and get involved. She founded a non-profit, called Shades of You, Shades of Me, focused on empowering women of color to advocate for improved maternal mental health care.
One of the objectives is to educate providers and support providers of color. Roach, along with her communications director, Amy Dean, planned and held a multicultural maternal mental health conference in Milwaukee last year. Tameria, who serves on the board of Shades of You, Shades of Me, says Shonita had been talking about organizing such a conference for years. “I was so proud of her,” Tameria says. “That she was able to tell her story. That she was able to let people know that they don’t have to go through it themselves.”
The group plans to expand the conversation to other communities throughout the state and even outside of Wisconsin in the coming year.
Another focus of Shades of You, Shades of Me is advocating for public policy related to the mental health needs of mothers of color. One piece of legislation is an anti-shackling bill, similar to those already passed in 21 other states, banning the practice of shackling incarcerated women when they give birth.
Another policy effort would address the criminalization
and prolonged sentences facing women whose actions were influenced by undiagnosed or undertreated postpartum mental health disorders. Such legislation has passed in Illinois and
Shonita is looking for sponsors to introduce a bill in Wisconsin.
Shonita would like to see a more solution-focused approach to addressing issues affecting women of color. Too often the women themselves are blamed or penalized for their struggles.
She gives the example of a woman being late to pick up her kids from daycare and the response being someone calling child protective services. “For women of color, to tell somebody, ‘I work three jobs and I was late to get my kids’ is a penalty, and that’s how America sees us,” Shonita says. “I would like to see there be a little bit more compassion about hardships and about single moms.”
2020 Women to Watch, W2W
More from BRAVA Magazine
Embracing Minimalism
[title maintitle="" subtitle="Create a more intentional life starting with your physical space."]...
The Gig Economy and What’s in it for Women
Chantel Soumis: Marketing Yourself with a Disability: From Liability to Superhero
Keeping ‘the Whole Brain’ Healthy
Previous articleRebecca Comfort: Refining how we tell Wisconsin’s Native History
Next articleMelissa Shutwell: Building a Spiritual Home for People with Disabilities
Content Select Category ART BEAUTY + STYLE + FASHION BRAVA EVENTS BRAVA PROMOTION DWELL EATS + DRINKS ENGAGING COMMUNITY FEATURED PARTNER CONTENT FEATURES FINANCE + CAREER HEALTH + WELLBEING JAUNT LOCAL WOMEN SHOPS + SERVICES SPONSORED CONTENT Uncategorized WEB EXCLUSIVE
Archived Issues Select Month January 2020 December 2019 November 2019 October 2019 September 2019 August 2019 July 2019 June 2019 May 2019 April 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 July 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 July 2017 June 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2015 December 2014
Brava Events
Brava Night Out
Thrive Career
Our Digital Sponsors
Experience the Digital Magazine
Advertise with Brava
© Brava Enterprises LLC | Terms of Use | Privacy Statement
Get BRAVA Magazine delivered to your mailbox every month:
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405756
|
__label__cc
| 0.708201
| 0.291799
|
Cisco Blogs / Networking / Snort your way to PCI compliance
Snort your way to PCI compliance
Elisa Caredio
When organizations look to secure their retail stores, branches, or points-of-sale, meeting the required mandates for Payment Card Industry (PCI) security compliance quickly becomes the number one prioritized focus area. In fact, the 2015 Verizon PCI compliance report demonstrates this when it states that the number of companies that fully complied with the payment card industry (PCI) security standards during 2014 rose to 20 percent from about 11% in 2013. While this standalone increase in compliance is great, Verizon also notes that less than a third of the companies were fully compliant a year later after successful validation. The major takeaway here is that it is unfortunately easy to fall out of compliance if organizations don’t take the appropriate steps to maintain their security. With 69% of consumers admitting that they will be less inclined to do business with a breached company, it is increasingly important for reaching and maintaining PCI compliance to be one of the highest priorities for organizations.
PCI Requirement 11 demands that organizations have a sustainable network and application vulnerability management program and that evaluates the overall effectiveness of security measures in place across the organization. In a very telling sign, most organizations that suffered a breach were not compliant with Requirement 11. Intrusion detection and prevention systems (hereafter, “IPS”) technology play a critical role in helping meet PCI compliance by monitoring all traffic in the cardholder data environment and issuing timely alerts to suspected compromises. Of course, simply having the technology is not enough. Considering many organizations fall out of compliance due to maintenance, it is absolutely critical that IPS engines are updated with new signatures and rule sets to ensure that new threats are stopped.
Here, at Cisco, we’re happy to announce that our Cisco Integrated Services Router (ISR) 4000 Series now come equipped with Snort IPS to help customers meet these PCI-compliance requirements at the branch. Snort IPS is an open source, signature-based IPS that is capable of real-time traffic analysis and packet logging. With over 4 million downloads and nearly 500,000 registered users, it is the most widely deployed IPS in the world. Now, with Snort IPS on the ISR 4000 platform, retail stores, small businesses, home offices, and other organizations that process payments can turn on cost-effective IPS capabilities in their ISR 4000 branch routers without the need for an additional appliance.
To help organizations stay PCI-compliant, maintenance for Snort IPS is simple. Rule set updates cultivated by Cisco Talos Security Intelligence and Research Group can be downloaded automatically to your ISR 4000 router. Cisco Talos network security experts work around the clock to proactively discover, assess, and respond to the latest trends in hacking activities, intrusion attempts, malware, and vulnerabilities. Snort IPS complements other integrated security features on the 4000 Series routers such as VPN, zone-based firewall, and connectors to Cisco Cloud Web Security (CWS) help you implement and maintain a cost-effective and secure PCI-compliant “one box” solution.
Save scarce rack space in the branch with an “all-in-one-box” solution that builds integrated security and threat protection into your Cisco ISR 4000.
More easily adhere to and maintain Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS) (and other regulatory) compliance at the branch
Halt malware and other threats at their entry point, before they can do damage and monopolize network bandwidth
Safely deploy direct Internet access (DIA) in remote locations for employees, customers, and guests
For those organizations who struggle with adhering to PCI mandates at their branch locations, Cisco Snort IPS for ISR 4000 series offers an easy and cost-effective way to not only reach compliance but continue maintaining compliance to protect (and keep) their customers.
More information is available on Cisco Router Security page
Tags: IPS PCI Compliance router security Snort
Jeffrey Hursey says:
Thanks, Elisa. I appreciate how you tied everything together here. I now have a clear understanding of how simple it can be to maintain Snort IPS. I like that it leverages Cisco’s security intelligence and the integrated security features on the 4000 Series routers.
Ali.A says:
that is great.this is the idea that i always like to see on router.is there any info about the performance of the IPS.and is it run on device CPU along the IOS code or running as package on a VM.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405767
|
__label__wiki
| 0.871598
| 0.871598
|
Pages : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 [40] 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
Biddco
I'm guessing Olympia probably told the GLI committee to ditch St. Cloud if they wanted in on the outdoor action. A couple thousand Western fans is better for the bottom line than a handful of SCSU parents and fans.I wonder if they told St. Cloud there was a good chance they would be in the 2013 one. That would make it feel better, something to watch for.
I wonder if they told St. Cloud there was a good chance they would be in the 2013 one. That would make it feel better, something to watch for.
True, they might've just asked St. Cloud to bump their participation out a year. Somehow, I doubt it.
rustedblades
THG was already on this, but Phoenix Copley has been traded to the Des Moines Buccaneers.
Another Tech recruit involved in the trade. L'Esperance's rights go from Des Moines to Tri City
http://www.stormhockey.com/NewsRundown/2712BIGTRADEBETWEENSTORMANDBUCCANEERS.aspx
True, they might've just asked St. Cloud to bump their participation out a year. Somehow, I doubt it.It will be interesting to watch. I would love to see UMD in a GLI someday...
JOHN SCOTT ROCKS
Based on just the 433 more tickets they are selling on average, Tech stands to earn about $100k more.
you're forgetting to add the extra $5 that all fans are paying (granted season ticket holders are getting a one year discount) for tickets.
2000 fans x $5 x 18 games = $180K
433 extra fans x $13 x 18= $101K
Total of approx ~$280K: $190K (maybe some extra for assistants) in salary difference between Russell and Pearson= good return on investment
Speaking of; does anybody know what Muckalt's salary is?
giwan
Well if tMEL is getting so many props for the turn, how much effect has Shields had on Robo? Or is the team playing better cutting down on what Robo has to deal with?
realized your context; just adding facts to point out the original comment is very weak and yes likely based out of bitterness
Mel gets credit for bringing in shields AND yielding the power for the most part to Shields on playing time for the goaltenders and when to pull/not pull a goalie. Don't believe Russells goaltending coach had any in game input.
There was some discussion that SCSU would not be invited, but the university was ok with that saying they were not a good fit for the new tourney. But then went they found out WMU got an invite, the cry went up "Why Western!?!?!?!" SCSU will now seek a back door method to get themselves included. "We've done it before..."
:eek:
Good article in the Omaha paper mostly about Tech and quotes from Pearson and the success this season.
http://www.omaha.com/article/20120208/MAVS/702089827/1001
The good hard working people at the local Detroit Newpapers are noted idiots. So I wouldn't think that as being official until we get an official release from any of the participating schools, or Shirtless who always seems to know this stuff before anybody else does.
Good article in the Omaha paper mostly about Tech and quotes from Pearson and the success this season.http://www.omaha.com/article/20120208/MAVS/702089827/1001
Two key quotes:
"We had to get the kids to believe in themselves, to understand that they were good Division I players. And we changed the style a little bit to one that seemed to suit the kids that we have here."
"I was looking for the trap door on the bench," Pearson said. "You start to have visions of (losing) 14-0."
Really explains the reason a change was needed. Still realistic about the situation.
Ask and ye shall receive:
Official Michigan Tech release.
DETROIT, Mich. - Michigan Tech, the annual host of the Great Lakes Invitational Hockey Tournament in Detroit, will take the event outdoors in 2012. The 48th annual GLI will be played at Detroit's Comerica Park as part of the Hockeytown Winter Festival and in connection with the NHL's annual Winter Classic, which will feature the Detroit Red Wings and Toronto Maple Leafs at Michigan Stadium.
The GLI games will be played Dec. 28 and 29 on an ice rink built inside Comerica Park field, home of Major League Baseball's Detroit Tigers. The field of teams for the 2012 GLI are all from Michigan. The semifinals on Dec. 28 will pit Michigan Tech against Michigan in the first game followed by Michigan State vs. Western Michigan in the second. The GLI Third-Place game and Championship will be played Dec. 29.
"This is a great opportunity to showcase some of the best college hockey in the state in a unique environment," said Michigan Tech athletic director Suzanne Sanregret. "We look forward to working with Olympia Entertainment and Comerica Park to host a memorable event for our student-athletes and fans."
The GLI will comprise only part of the action at Comerica Park during the Hockeytown Winter Festival. A game between notable Red Wings and Maple Leafs alumni is on tap along with other games from youth, major junior and minor professional levels.
Both the Red Wings and Tigers are owned by Mike and Marian Ilitch, who were instrumental in bringing the Hockeytown Winter Festival to Comerica Park.
"I want to take the opportunity to thank the Ilitch family for giving college hockey-and specifically Michigan Tech-a chance to be a part of the Hockeytown Winter Festival," said Tech head coach Mel Pearson. "Having been a part of three outdoor games in the past, I know our players are being afforded a special opportunity to play in an outdoor game. We really look forward to playing at Comerica."
The Hockeytown Winter Festival will begin mid-December at Comerica Park. The GLI will be the first games showcased on the Comerica Park ice. The 2013 Bridgestone NHL Winter Classic will be played on Jan. 1 at Michigan Stadium.
Game times for the 2012 GLI and the full schedule for the Hockeytown Winter Festival will be announced at a later date.
today's hockey meme : lets get sobered up! Go HUSKEEZ!!
From one of Stephen Anderson's articles today:
Pearson said the GLI will return to Joe Louis Arena in 2013, but the goal is to make the tournament a Michigan-only tournament, modeled after the Beanpot in Boston and the recently announced future Minnesota Cup.
"I think there's a lot of talk of doing that with the GLI - just making it exclusively Michigan schools and having the three host schools (Tech, U of M, MSU) and rotating the fourth team - whether Northern or Western or Ferris State or Lake Superior just to keep it in the state. I think it's a great idea," he said.
I think it's a good idea for Michigan and Michigan State ("We don't need to travel to Marquette/Sault Ste. Marie/Big Rapids – we just played you in the GLI last year"), but not so much for Michigan Tech ("Youse guys again??"). I like seeing teams from out east that we'd probably never play otherwise.
totally agree, adding in a team from the east makes the tournament a national tourney instead of a regional one and gets interest from national level media. A state tournament is simply that. I much prefer an eastern team come. they bring as many fans as the outstate michigan teams do anyway.If you want an in state tournament work with Ferris and get one going in GR.
Do not want. Do not want AT ALL. Bringing in an outside team help create pairwise ranking, gives the tourny a face outside of the state, and usually garners guests from top conferences. It also keeps teams from playing in-conference games, assuming someone can keep Michigan or MSU out of the title game. :p
an overall pretty happy Mel tonight
Mel's postgame thoughts:
They took it to us in the 2nd
They're a good hockey team
In the 2nd half of the game we had more grade A chances
Great effort by our team, not giving up an inch, doing a lot of good things
A big point, need to get after it tomorrow
Thre the puck up the middle too much in 2nd, turnovers
They try to create chances, and will give up some 2x1s
Got off to a good start
got through 5x3 and started to come on
Our PP wasn't very good, need to play them 5x5
Changes:will look at tape, was pretty happy about everybody, Gordic and Likteig are out, prob same lineup
Good Mike Sertich interview in the 3rd of the UND/UMD game on CBS Sports - he was the coach when I was a freshmen at Tech
http://d3j5vwomefv46c.cloudfront.net/photos/large/514415064.jpg?Expires=1328933260&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIYVGSUJFNRFZBBTA&Signature=i4M3ToKER5MD82jzbITHNUDD9vhpKVueX2bxLKgn Q6RAR3ESVMmUDdFxerSdC9JepSZFyGoNtD0fOzWpSPd5a~IpM1 3w8IijDn-nxacJzraep3VUWCKw4yMUesUGT8o0AsSVAmx--1EP7ZL1zzgzuQJQxN~kZmjFv7bA9HXpoxE_
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405770
|
__label__cc
| 0.580447
| 0.419553
|
Sacred history, selected from the Scriptures, with annotations and ...
editado por Sarah Trimmer
he defeated Darius, whose army consisted of six hundred thousand men. Above one hundred thousand Persians were left dead in, the field; and a great num. ber trampled to death by their own party, as they were endeavouring to escape through a narrow pass. In this battle Darius, was in great danger of losing his life; and his wife, children, and family, were taken captives.
After Alexander had defeated Darius, he marched along the sea-coast towards Phoenicia: every place hs came to yielded, but none more readily than Sidon. We have before related, that this city was miserably destroyed in the reign of Artaxerxes-ochus; but it happened that some of its inhabitants were absent on merchandise and other occasions: these returned and rebuilt the city; but, having an inveterate hatred to the Persians, gladly submitted to Alexander.
The whole of Syria and Phoenicia was now subdued by the Macedonians, excepting the city of Tyre, which being excellently situated for commerce, standing on an island, and having noble ports, was not so much a city belonging to any particular nation as the common city of all nations, to which they sent their different commodities, and from whence they received the product of other lands.
The prophecies of Isaiah and Ezekiel, concerning this kingdom, were partly fulfilled by Nebuchadnezzar in the destruction of Old Tyre; but the new city rose to still greater power and grandeur than the other, and was in a very flourishing condition in the time of Alexander. Let us now see what these prophets predicted concerning it.
SECTION LXXXVI.
PROPHECIES O* ISAIAH AND EZEKIEL CONCERNING
THE TOTAL OVERTHROW 01 TYRE BY
THE GRECIANS.
From Isai. Chap. xxiii.—Ezeh. Chap. xxvii. I. The burden of Tyre. Howl, ye ships of Tarshish; for it is laid waste, so that there is no house, no entering in. From the land of Chittim it is revealed
Be still, ye inhabitants of the isle, thou whom the merchants of Zidon, that pass over the sea, have replenished.
And by great waters the seed of Sihor, the harvest of the river, is her revenue; and she is a mart of nations. • Be thou ashamed, O Zidon: for the sea hath spoken, even the strength of the sea, saying, I travail not, nor bring forth children, neither do I nourish up young men, nor bring up virgins.
As at the report concerning Egypt, so shall they be sorely pained at the report of Tyre.
Pass ye over to Tarshish; howl, ye inhabitants of
the isle.
Is this your joyous city, whose antiquity is of ancient days? her own feet shall carry her afar off to sojourn.
Who hath taken his counsel against Tyre the crowning city, whose merchants are princes, whose traffickers are the honourable of the earth? The Lord of hosts hath purposed it, to stain the pride of all glory, and to bring into contempt all the honourable of the earth.
Pass through thy land as a river, O daughter of Tarshish: there is no more strength.
He stretched out his hand over the sea, he shook the kingdoms, the Lord hath given a commandment against the merchant city, to destroy the strong holds thereof.
And he said, Thou shalt no more rejoice, 0 thou oppressed virgin, daughter of Zidon: arise, pass over td Chittim: there also shalt thou have no rest.
Behold, the land of the Chaldeans; this people was not till the Assyrian founded it for them that dwell in the wilderness: they set up the towers thereof, they raised up the palaces thereof; and he brought it to ruin.
Howl, ye ships of Tarshish: for your strength is laid waste.
And it shall come to pass, after the end of seventy years, that the Lord will visit Tyre, and she shall turn to her hire, and shall commit abomination with all the kingdoms of the world upon the face of the earth.
And her merchandise and her hire shall be holiness to the Lord: it shall not be treasured nor laid up; for her merchandise shall be for them that dwell before the Lord, to eat sufficiently, and for durable clothing.
II. Thy rowers have brought thee into great waters: the east-wind hath broken thee in the midst of tlve seas.
Thy riches, and thy fairs, thy merchandise, thy mariners, and thy pilots, thy calkers, and the occupiers of thy merchandise, and all thy men of war that are in thee, and in all thy company which is in the midst of thee, shall fall into the midst of the seas in the days of thy ruin.
The suburbs shall shake at the sound of the cry of thy pilots.
And all that handle the oar, the mariners, and all the pilots of the sea, shall comedown from their ships, they shall stand upon the land; and shall cause their voice to be heard against thee, and shall cry bitterly, and shall cast up dust upon their heads, they shall wallow themselves in the ashes:
And they shall make themselves utterly bald for thee,
and gird them with sackcloth, and they shall weep for
thee with bitterness of heart, and bitter wailing.
And in their wailing they shall take up a lamentation for thee, and lament over thee, saying, What city is like Tyrus, like the destroyed in the midst of the sea? When thy wares went forth out of the seas, thou filledstmany people; thou didst enrich the kings of the earth with the multitude of thy riches and of thy merchandise.
In the time when thou shalt be broken by the seas in the depths of the waters, thy merchandise and all thy company in the midst of thee shall fall.
All the inhabitants of the Isles shall be astonished at thee, and their kings shall be iore afraid, they shall be troubled in their countenance.
The merchants among the people shall hiss at thee: thou shalt be a terror, and never shall be any more.
ANNOTATIONS And REFLECTIONS.
From the first of these predictions we understand, that it was foreknown to the-Almighty that Tyre would provoke Divine Justice to inflict another heavy judgment upon it, and that he ordained Chittim, which is Macedonia, to be the instrument of Divine vengeance. The second extract describes all the commercial and maritime world as grieved and astonished at her fate, and greatly alarmed for their own.. Let us now enquire after Alexander's proceedings in respect to this kingdom.
The Tyrians, hearing of the rapid success of the Grecian conqueror, were desirous of securing the friendship of this mighty monarch, for which purpose they sent ambassadors to him with provisions for his army ; but he insisted on their submitting to him as their master, on which they denied him admittance into their city. He then resolved to besiege it; and at length, with great skill and labour, accomplished the conquest of old Tyre, and afterwards burnt next) Tyre to the ground, and destroyed stroyed or enslaved all its inhabitants. Eight thousand he slew in battle, two thousand of those whom he took prisoners he caused to be crucified; the rest, to the number of thirty thousand, were sold for slaves. Some had, before the siege, sent their wives and children to Carthage for safety; and some were preserved by the Sidonians, who conveyed them away privately in ships. These were very heavy judgments, but from the prophetic writings we learn that they were deservedly inflicted ; for the remembrance of the former misfortunes which had befallen Tyre, was obliterated by a series of prosperity, and the inhabitants once more regarded her as the queen of cities; pride, luxury, avarice, licentiousness, and impiety, again ruled their actions; they again confided in their own strength and power, forgetful of the Almighty, who had before humbled them in the dust.
The following extract from the prophecy of Ezekiel gives a lively idea of the magnificence and importance of this famous city.
SECTION LXXXVII.
PART OF THE PROPHECY OF EZEKIEL CONCERNING TYRE.
From Ezekiel, Chap, xxvii.
O Thou that art situate at the entry of the sea, which art a merchant of the people for many isles; Thus saith the Lord God; O Tyrus, thou hast said, I am of perfect beauty.
Thy borders are in the midst of the seas, thy builders have perfected thy beauty.
They have made all thy ship boards of fir-trees of Senir: they have taken cedars from Lebanon to make masts for thee.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405776
|
__label__cc
| 0.65013
| 0.34987
|
that which is essential to the conduct and almost to the oeing of all other virtues, since neither imagination, nor invention, nor industry, nor sensibility, nor energy, nor any other good having, is of full avail without this of self-command, whereby works truly masculine and mighty, are produced, and by the signs of which they are separated from that lower host of things brilliant, magnificent, and redundant, and farther yet from that of the loose, the lawless, the exaggerated, the insolent, and the profane, I would have the necessity of it foremost among all our inculcating, and the name of it largest among all our inscribing, in so far that, over the doors of every school of Art, I would have this one word, relieved out in deep letters of pure gold,—Moderation.
I proceed more particularly to examine the nature of that second kind of beauty of which I spoke as consisting in "the appearance of felicitous fulfilment of function in living things." I have already noticed the example of very pure and high typical beauty which is to be found in the lines and gradations of unsullied snow: If, passing to the edge of a sheet of it, upon the lower Alps, early in May, we find, as we are nearly sure to find, two or three little round openings pierced in it, and through these emergent, a slender, pensive, fragile flower* whose small, dark, purple-fringed bell hangs down and shudders over the icy cleft that it has cloven, as if partly wondering at its own recent grave, and partly dying of very fatigue after its hard won victory; we shall be, or we ought to be, moved by a totally different impression of loveliness from that which we receive among the dead ice and the idle clouds. There is now uttered to us a call for sympathy, now offered to us an image of moral purpose and achievement, which, however unconscious or senseless the creature may indeed be that so seems to call, cannot be heard without affection, nor contemplated without * Soldanella Alpina
worship, by any of us whose heart is rightly tuned, or whose mind is clearly and surely sighted.
Throughout the whole of the organic creation every being in a perfect state exhibits certain appearances, or evidences, of lappiness, and besides is in its nature, its desires, its modes of nourishment, habitation, and death, illustrative or expressive of certain moral dispositions or principles. Now, first, in the keenness of the sympathy which we feel in the happiness, real or apparent, of all organic beings, and which, as we shall presently see, in variably prompts us, from the joy we have in it, to look upon those as most lovely which are most happy; and secondly, in the justness of the moral sense which rightly reads the lesson they are all intended to teach, and classes them in orders of worthiness and beauty according to the rank and nature of that lesson, whether it be of warning or example.
Its first perfection, therefore, relating to vital beauty, is the kindness and unselfish fulness of heart, which receives the utmost amount of pleasure from the happiness of all things. Of which in high degree the heart of man is incapable, neither what intense enjoyment the angels may have in all that they see of things that move and live, and in the part they take in the shedding of God's kindness upon them, can we know or conceive: only in proportion as we draw near to God, and are made in measure like unto him, can we increase this our possession of charity, of which the entire essence is in God only.
Wherefore it is evident that even the ordinary exercise of this faculty implies a condition of the whole moral being in ome measure right and healthy, and that to the entire exercise of it there is necessary the entire perfection of the Christian character, for he who loves not God, nor his brother, cannot love the grass beneath his feet and the creatures that fill those spaces in the universe which he needs not, and vhich live not for his uses; nay, he has seldom grace to be grateful even to those that love him and serve him, while, on the other hand, none can love God nor his human hrother without loving all things which his Father loves, nor without looking upon them every one as in that respect his brethren also, and perhaps worthier than he, if in the under concords they have to fill, their part is touched more truly.
For it is matter of easy demonstration, that setting the characters of typical beauty aside, the pleasure afforded by every organic form is in proportion to its appearance of healthy vital energy; as in a rose bush, setting aside all the considerations of gradated flushing of color and fair folding of line, which it shares with the cloud or the snow-wreath, we find in and through all this certain signs pleasant and acceptable as signs of life and enjoyment in the particular individual plant itself. Every leaf and stalk is seen to have a function, to be constantly exercising that function, and as it seems solely for the good and enjoyment of the plant.
BEAUTY IN ANIMALS.
Of eyes we shall find those ugliest which have in them no expression nor life whatever, but a corpse-like stare, or an indefinite meaningless glaring, as in some lights, those of owls and cats, and mostly ot insects and of all creatures in which the eye seems rather an external, optical instrument than a bodily member through which emotion and virtue of soul may be expressed (as pre-eminently in the chameleon), because the seeming want of sensibility and vitality in a living creature is the most painful of all wants. And next to these in ugliness come the eyes that gam vitality i.ideed ou1 only by means of the expression of intense malignity, as in the serpent and alligator; and next to these, to whose malignity is added the virtue of subtlety and keenness, as of the lynx and hawk; and then, by diminishing the malignity and increasing the expressions of comprehensiveness and determination, we arrive at those of the lion and eagle, and at last, by destroying malignity altogether, at the fair eye of the herbivorous tribes, wherein the superiority of beauty consists always in the greater or less sweetness and gentleness primarily, as in the gazelle, camel, and ox, and in the greater or less intellect, secondarily, as in the horse and dog, and finally, in gentleness and intellect both in man. And again, taking the mouth, another source of expression, we find it ugliest where it has none, as mostly in fish, or perhaps where, without gaining much in expression of any kind, it becomes a formidable destructive instrument, as again in the alligator, and then, by some increase of expression, we arrive at birds' beaks, wherein there is more obtained by the different ways of setting on the mandibles than is commonly supposed (compare the bills of the duck and the eagle), and thence we reach the finely-developed lips of the carnivora, which nevertheless lose that beauty they have, in the actions of snarling and biting, and from these we pass to the nobler because gentler and more sensible, of the horse, camel, and fawn, and so again up to man, only there is less traceableness of the principle in the mouths of the lower animals, because they are in slight measure only capable of expression, and chieriy used as instruments, and that of low function, whereas in man the mouth is given most definitely as a means of expression, beyond and above its lower functions.
We are to take it for granted, that every creature of God is in some way good, and has a duty and specific operation pi evidentially accessory to the well-being of all; we ai e tc look in this faith to that employment and nature of each, and to derive pleasure from their entire perfection and fitness for the duty they have to do, and in their entire fulfilment of it; and so we are to take pleasure and find beauty in the magni ficent binding together of the jaws of the ichthyosaurus for catching and holding, and in the adaptation of the lion fo> springing, and of the locust for destroying, and of the lark for singing, and in every creature for the doing of that which God has made it to do.
HUMAN BEAUTY.
'We come at last to set ourselves face to face with ourselves, expecting that in creatures made after the image of God we are to find comeliness and completion more exquisite than in the fowls of the air and the things that pass through the paths of the sea.
But behold now a sudden change from all former experience. No longer among the individuals of the race is there equality or likeness, a distributed fairness and fixed type visible in each, but evil diversity, and terrible stamp of various degradation; features seamed with sickness, dimmed by sensuality, convulsed by passion, pinched by poverty, shadowed by sorrow, branded with remorse; bodies consumed with sloth, broken down by labor, tortured by disease, dishonored in foul uses; intellects without power, hearts without hope, minds earthly and devilish; our bones full of the sin of our youth, the heaven revealing our iniquity, the earth rising
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405777
|
__label__cc
| 0.738159
| 0.261841
|
Αναζήτηση Εικόνες Χάρτες Play YouTube Ειδήσεις Gmail Drive Περισσότερα »
Σύνθετη Αναζήτηση Βιβλίων
Βιβλία Βιβλία 1 - 10 από 10 για ... and there is no power, at least none here, to alter that foundation, with a view....
... and there is no power, at least none here, to alter that foundation, with a view to any superior benefit which might arise from an institution of a different nature, however desirable it might be, if it were within the scope of my authority, to substitute...
Annual Report on Harvard University - Σελίδα 38
των Harvard University - 1853
Πλήρης προβολή - Σχετικά με αυτό το βιβλίο
Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the High Court of ..., Τόμος 2
James Russell, John Scott Earl of Eldon, John Singleton Copley Baron Lyndhurst - 1829
...foundation meant it should be administered;—and there is no power, at least none here, to alter that foundation, with a view to any superior benefit which...my authority, to substitute the one for the other. Neither can I enter into the consideration, whether the labours of the present master of the school,...
A Practical Treatise of the Law of Mortmain, and Charitable Uses and Trusts ...
Leonard Shelford - 1836 - 1043 σελίδες
...foundation, as the author of it meant it should be administered ; and the court has no power to alter such foundation, with a view to any superior benefit which...might arise from an institution of a different nature (d). The trustees cannot of their own authority, apply property cy-pres, but they must obtain the sanction...
A Practical Treatise on the Law of Charities
William Robert Augustus Boyle - 1837 - 588 σελίδες
...foundation meant it should beadministered ; and there is no power, at least none here, to alter that foundation, with a view to any superior benefit which...my authority, to substitute the one for the other." ib. 520. His Lordship, therefore, was of opinion that here the trust was for a free grammar-school,...
Ecclesiastical duties and revenues bill: speech delivered in the House of ...
Sir James Lewis Knight Bruce - 1840 - 58 σελίδες
...foundation meant it should be ad" ministered; and there is no power, at least none " here, to alter that foundation with a view to any " superior benefit, which might arise from an institu" tion of a different nature, however desirable it might " be, if it were within the scope of...
Report of the Case of Denis Caulfield Heron, Against the Provost and Senior ...
Denis Caulfield Heron, Hercules Henry Graves MacDonnell, William Neilson Hancock - 1846 - 112 σελίδες
...should be administered ; — and " there is no power, at least none here, to alter that found«' ation, with a view to any superior benefit which might "...' authority, to substitute the one for the other. Neither " can I enter into the consideration, whether the labours " of the present master of the school,...
The Law Magazine and Law Review: Or, Quarterly Journal of Jurisprudence
...restrained the trustees from altering the original destination of the endowment. He had no authority to alter the foundation with a view to any superior...which might arise from an institution of a different character, however desirable a new mode of administration might be and supposing that it were within...
The Law Magazine, Or, Quarterly Review of Jurisprudence
Massachusetts Reports: Cases Argued and Determined in the Supreme ..., Τόμος 69
Massachusetts. Supreme Judicial Court - 1869
...determine its nature. I can give no remedy." And in Attorney General v. Earl of Mansfield, 2 Russ. 520, Lord Eldon said : " There is no power, at least...that there are not present trustees to discharge this Harvard College v. Society for Promoting Theological Education & others. trust. The complainants fully...
The Revised Reports: Being a Republication of Such Cases in the ..., Τόμος 26
Frederick Pollock, Robert Campbell, Oliver Augustus Saunders, Arthur Beresford Cane, Edward Potton, Joseph Gerald Pease, William Bowstead - 1896
...foundation meant it should be administered; and there is no power, at least none here, to alter that foundation, with a view to any superior benefit which...my authority, to substitute the one for the other. Neither can I enter into the consideration, whether the labours of the present master of the school,...
The English Reports, Τόμος 4;Τόμος 38
...foundation meant it should be administered ; — and there is no power, at least none here, to alter that foundation, with a view to any superior benefit which...my authority, to substitute the one for the other. Neither can I enter into the consideration, whether the labours of the present master of the school,...
Σχετικά με τα Βιβλία Google - Πολιτική απορρήτου - Όροι Παροχής Υπηρεσιών - Πληροφορίες για Εκδότες - Αναφορά προβλήματος - Βοήθεια - Google Αρχική σελίδα
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405778
|
__label__cc
| 0.569441
| 0.430559
|
Putting the cuts into context: where is that £6 billion going to come from?
May 19, 2010, by lisa
With the UK election over, reductions in public spending are currently at the top of the agenda. Whichever way you cut it, taxpayers and public service users look set to face big changes. The ‘Where Does My Money Go?’ dashboard – a free, interactive online tool from the Open Knowledge Foundation – will help to make sense of the £6 billion of spending cuts to be announced on Monday.
The project allows the public to explore data on UK public spending over the past 6 years, in an intuitive way using maps, timelines and graphs. The latest release includes:
A new mini-app called ‘Where are the cuts?‘ which will capture and visualise spending cuts as they happen.
A new dashboard for visualising and exploring spending by region, type or over time – breaking down the jargon to make it easier to understand official spending categories.
A new Where Does My Money Go? data store. This houses all the cleaned-up, nicely formatted data, sourced from many different government departments, and makes it available both via the web and and an API, enabling others to reuse, investigate and re-present the data.
In addition to new information about the spending cuts, the Where Does My Money Go? project plans to represent detailed information from the COINS database, the ‘holy grail’ of spending data, which George Osborne committed to publishing shortly after this election.
Dr Rufus Pollock, Economist from the University of Cambridge and Director of the Open Knowledge Foundation, comments:
It is crucial that the public are able to understand how they will be affected by the cuts to be announced on Monday – which depends on having a ‘bigger picture’ of where spending currently goes. We will be working hard to show the implications of spending cuts as they are announced and to track speculation about where cuts will be made in the future. Our project aims to close the loop between public information on spending and the public.
Posted in: OKI Projects, Open Government Data, Releases, Where Does My Money Go
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405786
|
__label__cc
| 0.741168
| 0.258832
|
Sheep Rock Canyon
Posted on September 22, 2014 by Randall R Bresee
This photograph was taken quite a few years ago but I clearly remember the light at the scene. My tripod was placed against a vertical wall on one side of a canyon and the camera pointed toward the other nearly vertical wall of the canyon. The sky was clear and the camera faced the general direction of the bright sun. The light had a wonderful quality of brilliance.
Landscape photographers often deal with high contrast at scenes when their camera faces the sun. Black and white film offers many advantages in these situations because tried-and-true techniques can be used to reduce high contrast. Techniques include film choice, the use of colored contrast filters, varying film development time, varying controls during film scanning and, of course, digital editing using PhotoShop or other software. These techniques have been discussed in previous blog articles on this website and a few examples can be found here, here and here.
I have photographed many landscape scenes that included trees which were backlit by bright sun and it was almost always necessary to reduce contrast to retain image details in areas directly illuminated by the bright sunlight as well as shadowed tree trunks. When I first saw today’s scene I thought it would require a similar technical approach. After looking at the scene, however, it became clear that it was unusual.
The sun was located in front of the camera above the far canyon wall so the wall was mostly shadowed. Sunlight illuminated the other canyon wall behind the camera and it reflected sunlight across the canyon to the far canyon wall. The reflected light was quite intense since the canyon was very narrow and it illuminated important shadowed areas such as tree trunks which faced the camera. “Filling” shadow areas with reflected light reduced the contrast of the scene so this backlit scene was unusual since it was easy to record detail in bright areas illuminated by direct sunlight as well as shadowed areas illuminated by reflected sunlight.
I pulled out my light meter to measure the scene’s contrast to be certain that the physical reality agreed with my eyes. Indeed, the contrast was substantially less than is usually encountered in backlit scenes such as this and I thought, “I’ve got to record this.”
The scene reminded me of an Ansel Adams photograph which had a wonderful feeling of brilliance. Ansel discussed the brilliance in that photograph by explaining that an impression of brilliance is often conveyed when photos contains very bright and very dark areas against a middle gray background. I thought the light I saw at Sheep Rock Canyon exhibited a feeling of brilliance so I identified “Brilliance” as the primary theme for my photo.
I set up my 4inch x 5inch camera and composed a photograph which contained very bright tones from sunlit Cottonwood leaves, sunlit rocks and sunlit pine needles as well as very dark tones from shaded areas of the pine trees. The shaded canyon wall behind the trees provided a large background of middle gray tones.
Light meter readings were acquired for key locations of the composition and the dark Pine trunks were placed on Zone III (dark with good detail). The Cottonwood trunk fell on Zone V (middle gray) and bright areas of the shaded canyon wall fell on Zones V – VI (middle gray to slightly brighter than middle gray). Sunlit leaves and sunlit rock fell on Zones VII -VIII (bright with good detail – bright with slight detail).
I was impressed by the lack of strong contrast at the scene even though I faced the sun. Amazed at the power of “fill” light in such a large scene, I wrote normal (N) development on the film’s exposure record.
The wind was blowing strongly so I paused to think about the shutter speed and f-stop that the scene required. A fast shutter speed was needed to freeze the motion of blowing tree leaves but a small f-stop was needed to obtain adequate depth-of-field. That is, light meter readings gave me plenty of confidence about the exposure required for the scene but I was uncertain about which shutter speed and f-stop combination was best for the exposure.
I decided to expose two Tri-X 4inch x 5inch black & white films with the same exposure but different shutter speed and f-stop combinations. One film favored a faster shutter speed (1/125 sec at f/11) whereas the other film favored a smaller f-stop (1/60 sec at f/16).
Inspection of both films showed little difference so I selected the film that was exposed with a smaller f-stop. A high resolution digital file was obtained by drum scanning the film at my usual resolution of 5,000 ppi and 16-bit pixel depth. The digital image obtained from the scanner without editing is shown below.
I liked the composition but the image lacked the feeling of brilliance that I felt at the scene. Consequently, the primary goal of image editing was to strengthen image brilliance. The histogram of the digital image file from the scanner is shown below with dark-to-light tones displayed from left-to-right.
The histogram shows that the scanned image contained the full range of gray tones (0-255 in 8-bit terms) although the vast majority of image pixels were distributed in one broad peak that spanned the middle three quarters of the histogram. The brightest pixels occupied a small peak at 255 along with an extremely small number of pixels near 255. The darkest pixels were found only in an extremely weak, nearly flat peak that was barely visible in the histogram without enlargement.
Following Ansel’s lead, my approach to strengthening the feeling of brilliance was three pronged. I planned to increase the number of very bright pixels, increase the number of very dark pixels and narrow the broad peak of mid-toned pixels.
First, I had to deal with the bright brush along the left half of the image bottom. The Cottonwood tree was the primary focus of this composition and the bright brush detracted from the cottonwood since it was brighter than the Cottonwood. To make the situation worse, the brush’s location at an edge of the image pulled viewer’s eyes off of the photo.
This was a difficult problem and my plan to deal with it involved two approaches. First, the bottom of the image would be cropped to eliminate as much brush as I could. Next, some branches of brush would be edited out of the image and the remaining brush would be burned darker than the Cottonwood leaves. Cropping was executed immediately but the removal and darkening of the remaining brush was delayed until later when image tones were closer to their final values.
After cropping was done, a Levels Adjustment Layer was opened to explore the effects of increasing the number of very dark and very bright pixels by moving the Levels sliders as the image was viewed on the computer monitor. The final slider adjustments are provided in the previous Levels Adjustment figure and it shows that the black slider was moved from 0 to 23 but the white slider was kept at 255. In other words, the Levels Adjustment tool worked well for slightly increasing the number of very dark pixels but it did not produce a satisfactory result when increasing the number of the very bright pixels.
The image below shows the effects of both cropping and Levels adjustment. Comparing this image to the previous image shows that cropping reduced the amount of brush and the Levels adjustment increased the number of very dark pixels.
Next, a Curve Adjustment layer was opened to increase the number of very bright pixels and modify most other image areas as well. The user interface of PhotoShop’s Curve adjustment tool is shown below with dark-to-light tones displayed from right-to-left (the previous histogram displayed dark-to-light tones from left-to-right).
The numbers of pure white and pure black pixels were kept the same (by not moving the white and black sliders) but most other tones in the image were changed.
The brightest pixels (except pure white) were brightened significantly by bending the curve downward at the lower left corner. This brightened the sunlit Cottonwood leaves and accomplished it more gently than if an abrupt adjustment had been made with the Levels tool.
Most other areas of the curve also were modified but the extent of adjustment became less as pixel tones became darker. This can be seen as smaller deviations from the initial straight line as tones become darker.
The canyon wall looked too heavy in the previous image so it was brightened a bit more than other tones. This can be seen near the histogram peak where the curve was bent further downward than in nearby curve areas. In addition, pixels corresponding to dark stripes in the wall were darkened more by bending their curve area upward.
The image after curve adjustment is shown below.
Overall, the curve adjustment increased the feeling of brilliance, brightened the wall and increased the wall’s visual interest.
Finally, retouching was performed. This image required an awful lot more retouching than most of my photographs.
First, the small tree near the upper right corner was separated better from its surroundings. Tones of the dark tree merged with dark tones to the left of the tree so PhotoShop’s Dodging tool was used to lighten some of the dark tones adjacent to the tree. Comparing the previous and following images shows increased separation although the tiny web images here barely show the edit.
Next, a group of brush plants were separated from one another. The brush is located between the two tallest Pine trees a short distance below the image centerline. The brush originally looked like a nearly featureless dark blob so PhotoShop’s Dodging tool was used to lighten some brush areas to help distinguish individual plants. The following image shows increased separation although separation is considerably more visible in larger images.
Three areas within the dark Pines commanded too much attention because they were overly bright. Those areas were burned slightly darker with PhotoShop’s Burn tool to reduce their visual attention. The most prominent of these was a very bright area on the rock slope behind the middle Pine. That area along with other bright areas within the dark Pines can be seen by comparing the previous and following images.
Next, the lower area of the Cottonwood trunk was brightened slightly with the Burn tool. That edit reduced the visual weight of the Cottonwood and helped it feel more brilliant.
Most image tones were now close to their final values so it was time to edit the bright foreground brush as previously planned but delayed. Recall that the image bottom was cropped to reduce the amount of bright brush but the remaining brush still commanded too much visual attention so two steps were planned to rectify the problem.
First, brush on the far left was edited out using PhotoShop’s Burn, Dodge, Clone and Healing Brush tools. Second, the remaining brush was darkened using PhotoShop’s Burn tool to reduce its brightness so it was darker than the Cottonwood leaves.
I occasionally remove a branch or two from photographs but this photo required an awful lot of editing work that I would rather not have done. Since such drastic editing was required for today’s photo, I gave myself a grade of “D” for acquisition.
Spending so much time “fixing” the foreground brush reminded me of the rule, “Get the image as right as possible as soon as possible.” That is, I should have worked harder while capturing today’s image to reduce or eliminate foreground brush so I wouldn’t have to spend so much time sitting at a computer with PhotoShop. For example, I could have pushed the brush down temporarily during image acquisition by laying heavy tree branches on the brush.
Comparing the previous and following images shows that the two steps effectively reduced the visual attention of the foreground brush. Editing the brush helped keep attention on the Cottonwood tree and greatly reduced the tendency of viewer’s eyes to fall off the bottom of the image.
Finally, numerous small objects near the edges of the image were either brightened or darkened with PhotoShop’s Dodge or Burn tools to help keep the eye from falling off the image edges. For example, the topmost sunlit rock at the upper edge of the the image near its center was darkened slightly and small dark rock areas near the top left corner were brightened slightly.
The final image with all edits is shown below.
Many of the edits discussed above are barely visible in the small web images shown here but are prominent when larger resolution images are viewed.
I previously mentioned that Ansel explained that very bright and very dark areas against a middle gray background often impart an impression of brilliance to photographs. Although light at the scene of today’s photo looked brilliant, the image from the scanner lacked that feeling. The histogram of the scanned image revealed the presence of only minuscule numbers of pixels at the bright or dark ends of the histogram with the vast majority of image pixels being distributed in a single broad peak that occupied the middle three quarters of the histogram.
In an attempt to follow Ansel’s lead, my editing goal was to strengthen the feeling of brilliance with a three pronged approach – increase the number of very bright pixels, increase the number of very dark pixels and narrow the broad peak of mid-toned pixels. Editing success was evaluated by comparing the initial image from the scanner with the image after editing was completed.
Editing success also can be evaluated by comparing the histogram of the initial scanned image (upper histogram below) with the final histogram after all editing was completed (lower histogram below). These show that editing increased the number of pixels in the brightest 10% of the histogram even though both histograms are relatively flat in that area. The histograms also show that the number of pixels in the darkest 10% of the histogram was increased significantly by introducing a narrow, sharp peak. Finally, the histograms show that the broad, mid-tone peak was shifted to brighter tones and greatly narrowed.
I printed this film in the wet darkroom years ago and was anxious to compare that silver print to the inkjet print produced from the current digital file. Overall, I’d have to say that the digital print was considerably better than the wet darkroom print. I believe the reason for its better quality is the ability to easily make numerous precise digital edits that would be considerably more difficult to make during wet darkroom printing.
The subject of this photograph was brilliant light in a narrow canyon and I believe the final image exhibits some of the brilliance which I saw at the scene. Any comments you might have about the image, the photographic approach used for it, its composition, or image workup will be appreciated. For a larger view of this photograph, visit here.
← Snow On The Driveway
Low Clouds in Death Valley →
3 thoughts on “Sheep Rock Canyon”
Michael K says:
Very well thought out & executed image management. Beautiful image. I liked that you mentioned the before and after histograms, as I had not thought of making that comparison in my work. I’d like to ask why you scan at 5,000 ppi? It seems quite high for a 4 x 5 neg. – unless you were going to make prints measured in yards! 😉 This image strongly reminded me of an image I captured at Ghost Ranch, Georgia O’Keefe’s country spot not awfully far to the west from Santa Fe; I think you’d like it there.
rbresee49 says:
Thanks for your nice comments, Michael. Answer to your question about why I scan at 5,000 ppi: Scanning 4 inch x 5 inch black & white film at 5,000 ppi and 16-bit pixel depth provides digital image files of nearly 1 Gigabyte. That certainly seems large compared to file sizes obtained by most digital cameras.
From a technical point, I’d say that handling 1 GB files (and larger after PhotoShop layers are added) is pretty easy these days with powerful (and cheap) computers. I purchased my computer about five years ago and its RAM size is 8 GB but that is enough to work without trouble except when images have an awful lot of PhotoShop layers. I will upgrade to 16 GB RAM soon since it is cheap. Storing multi-GB layered images requires lots of hard drive space and I have several multi-TB hard drives for that. Again, cheap these days.
From a less technical standpoint, I’d say that it sure is better to have file sizes that are larger than needed rather than smaller than needed. A person can’t really predict how a specific image will be printed in the future so why not prepare for the biggest and best? In addition, I often edit using very large magnifications on my computer monitor and having spatial details defined more precisely with larger resolution makes editing easier. Many of my photographic subjects are enormous landscape scenes that look better in large prints rather than small prints and, of course, large prints require more resolution than small prints. I like to print with 600 ppi rather than 300 ppi resolution even when making large prints. People can inspect my prints from a far distance or up close with a magnifying glass if they wish and they will see smooth, pixel-less transitions. I also suspect that printers will evolve in the future so they print better using higher resolutions.
Overall, I scan at 5,000 ppi because it is technically easy if you have the equipment, it is the maximum optical resolution that my drum scanner produces, I only have to scan once to produce any print size, it makes editing easier and I can make high-quality, large prints.
Randy, I’ve tried to direct a couple of folks to your blog comments but cannot find an easy way to access a listing of your archived posts. Is there a link that I’m missing or do we always have to scroll all the way to the bottom of a blog post to find the archives.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405788
|
__label__cc
| 0.56277
| 0.43723
|
Trading Ethereum With .XYZ Domains
Reading Time: 2 minutes by Priyeshu Garg on November 16, 2017 Ethereum, News
All registrars currently supporting .xyz domains will be rolling out updates for offering a particular category of .xyz domains called the 1.111B Class.
Devcon3 Announcment
At Devcon3, Nick Johnson from Ethereum announced a partnership with XYZ to add Ethereum mapping capabilities to all .xyz domains using DNSSEC.
These domain names will come with standard registration, renewal and transfer fees, according to Johnson.
These domains allow users to own private .xyz domains like jimmy.xyz and enable other users to transfer money to jimmy.xyz on a wallet, like MyEtherWallet, rather than typing the entire cryptographic address. This compatibility will not only secure funds but also make transfers more efficient.
Ethereum also plans on supporting almost all top-level domain’s (TLD). The team plans on backing nearly 96 percent of TLD’s in the very near future.
Only .xyz has been deployed at current, but soon others will follow. The complete guide to claiming your ENS domain is described herein by Johnson.
Preventing Fraudulent Conduct
A common hacking method to which crypto addresses are susceptible is called Man in the Middle Attack. This variety of attack counts on the difficulty of identifying long, complex strings of alphanumeric characters.
Once an attacker has access to an individual’s email, they are then able to adjust the addresses of these character strings. They leave the rest of the email untouched and the victim usually never notices the change.
Herein lies the advantage of using domains to trade cryptocurrency. Having an easy to remember wallet address for you and others will help to make transactions more secure.
CEO of XYZ, Daniel Negari, explained these advantages further:
Being connected to the Internet’s DNS backbone, .xyz domains can be securely registered, managed, and traded on the most stable blockchain in existence. All domains come with locking mechanisms, transfer authorization codes, and optional WHOIS privacy to show or hide asset ownership.
1.111B Class
The class comprises all six, seven, eight and nine digit numeric followed by a .xyz. Supporters include big domain houses like Godaddy, Name, as well as over 400 different retailers.
Hundreds of millions of people are familiar with domain names, but a tiny percentage of those are familiar with cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology. A class of domains, which is supported by registrars worldwide, would let a lot more people enter into the world of cryptocurrencies and digital assets.
Negari is also aware of the democratization of expanding blockchain technology to web domains:
The 1.111B Class makes Ethereum immediately accessible to hundreds of millions of existing domain customers, and I expect other cryptocurrencies to soon add their support.
Domains paired with Ethereum and other blockchain networks also qualify as internationally tradable assets, without the difficulties surrounding exchange fees.
The domains can be traded and transferred on the Ethereum blockchain, making the process smooth, secure and cheap. The system’s stability comes from the internet’s root DNS.
Alternative Functions and Future Projections
Innovators have also begun using 1.111B Class domains for autonomous research (205908.xyz), advanced networking (205777.xyz), and calendar milestones (20380119.xyz).
The use of these domains is not limited to cryptocurrencies. These domains are also strong use cases in the world of the Internet of Things (IoT). As they are cheap to own and renew, they offer users the luxury of keeping them for a long time for menial tasks.
Soon we might discover other domains also shifting to the blockchain, but the best way for these shifts to grow is to have more people use it, know about it, and talk about it.
Ethereum news security
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405804
|
__label__wiki
| 0.852527
| 0.852527
|
Zynga Launches Spellbinding New Puzzle Adventure Game Merge Magic!
New Puzzle Adventure Game Merge Magic!Business Wire
Follow-Up to the Massive Hit Merge Dragons!, Merge Magic! Lets Players Conjure Mythical New Creatures
SAN FRANCISCO — Zynga Inc. (Nasdaq: ZNGA), a global leader in interactive entertainment, today announced the worldwide launch of Merge Magic! – a brand new adventure puzzle game where players can lift the curse on mysterious new worlds by merging various creatures and by matching new items to win rewards that enable them to unlock enchanting new surprises along the way.
Merge Magic! is developed by Gram Games, the studio behind global hits like Merge Dragons!, 1010! and Six!. The game features lush, stunning new graphics and highly engaging gameplay that brings puzzle matching to your very own garden filled with unique and magical beasts. Have you ever wondered what a combined peacock and a cat would look like? In Merge Magic!, the ‘Peacat’ is just one of many never-before-seen, unimaginable hybrid animals you can discover in-game.
“We wanted to create a new puzzle game where players can merge anything together to create unique mythical creatures that no one has ever seen before,” said Eren Yanik, Chief Product Officer of Gram Games. “The possibilities are rousing in Merge Magic!, taking our signature ‘match and hatch’ gameplay to bewitching new heights, offering players lots of in-depth exploration and immersing them throughout their journey. Our future in-game events will also offer the community different ways to interact and enjoy the gameplay, not least of all our planned events for this coming autumn and Halloween.”
In Merge Magic!, players will discover enchanted tales and quests in the mysterious world of Mythia, where they can combine everything into better and more powerful items for their journey through ‘merging’. In the game, the only hope to lift the curse from the bewitched land rests in the player’s extraordinary power to merge anything – eggs, trees, treasures, stars, magical flowers and even mythical creatures.
“Merge Magic! transports players to fantastical new worlds where they will discover mythical creatures like the powerful unicorn and feisty fairy and create never-before-seen hybrids like combining an elephant and a butterfly to make a butterphant,” said Bernard Kim, President of Publishing at Zynga. “Players will find hours of enjoyment in discovering magical objects, creating creatures, and lifting curses on mysterious new realms.”
Eggs can hatch into magical wonders, which can evolve to uncover new, more powerful hybrid creatures. Players will encounter and solve challenging puzzle levels in which they match the items to win, then bring rewards back to their garden to collect and grow.
Get ready to reveal the magic as you merge your garden to perfection and nurture your amazing creations!
Discover hundreds of fantastic objects to match, merge and interact with in over 80 challenges!
Unearth fairies, unicorns, minotaurs and never-before-seen hybrid creatures like Peacats (peacock and cat) and many more.
An evil curse has been placed on the garden: Fight off the fog and lift the curse to restore, and take back the creatures’ home!
Watch out for witches: On your puzzle journey, you may cross paths with evil witches, so beware!
Participate in frequent events and win advanced beings to take back to your garden.
Merge Magic! is now available for iOS and Android as a free download.
To view the supporting assets for Merge Magic! including the launch trailer, please click here.
About Zynga Inc.
Zynga is a global leader in interactive entertainment with a mission to connect the world through games. To date, more than one billion people have played Zynga’s franchises including CSR Racing™, Empires & Puzzles™, Merge Dragons!™, Words With Friends™ and Zynga Poker™. Zynga’s games are available in more than 150 countries and are playable across social platforms and mobile devices worldwide. Founded in 2007, the company is headquartered in San Francisco with locations in the U.S., Canada, U.K., Ireland, India, Turkey and Finland. For more information, visit www.zynga.com or follow Zynga on Twitter and Facebook.
About Gram Games
Gram Games is a mobile game development studio, committed to delivering high quality social games that create real bonds through play. Founded in 2012, and recently acquired by Zynga in 2018, Gram Games has built a team of industry professionals focused on creating engaging games for mobile platforms in their London and Istanbul studios – including Merge Dragons! and 1010! For more information, visit www.gram.gs.
This press release contains forward-looking statements, relating to, among other things, the release of future Merge Magic! in-game events. Forward-looking statements often include words such as “outlook,” “projected,” “planned,” “intends,” “will,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “target,” “expect,” and statements in the future tense are generally forward-looking. The achievement or success of the matters covered by such forward-looking statements involves significant risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Undue reliance should not be placed on such forward-looking statements, which are based on information available to us on the date hereof. We assume no obligation to update such statements. More information about these risks, uncertainties, and assumptions are or will be described in greater detail in our public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), copies of which may be obtained by visiting our Investor Relations web site at http://investor.zynga.com or the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov.
Sarah Ross | Zynga
saross@zynga.com | 310-924-1404
Kjell Vistad | Gilberto Williams-Gamboa
ONE PR Studio (for Zynga in the US) / zynga@oneprstudio.com / (510) 893-3271
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405807
|
__label__cc
| 0.749181
| 0.250819
|
Buttonwood Farm
Natural + MO Local • Protein + Produce
Get a Thanksgiving Bird!
Find our Stuff
Grocery Stores & CSAs
Springtime! (and catching up, since we’re blogging slackers)
We’re the worst bloggers ever. You’ve probably noticed, as you haven’t heard from us in months. Sorry ‘bout that.
Anyway, here’s the scoop. I’ll work backwards.
It’s finally getting springy around here. Well, we hope it is. That is we hope that it will stick. Exactly two weeks ago, it was in the 70s here, and I even wore flip-flops that afternoon to feel the lovely breeze on my pale winter-whiney toes. It made them happy. Then that night it got cool and didn’t get genuinely lovely again until today (now yesterday), which was glorious. Today was also the day that my daffodils finally bloomed! Also today, we took Nelson, our ponybeast, who’s gotten to be one seriously shaggy dude, out for his first real ride since the blizzards. Yesterday, he got a pedi. Nelson, that is.
Matt riding nelson between the box truck and the tractor, which has the silage wagon attached.
Our first major blizzard came and dropped twenty-something inches of DENSE, wet snow! Then we lost power, which was neat. And we’d begun brooding chickens already by then (early this year, since we sold out of our frozen stash faster than we’d anticipated), but thankfully, Matt had, just weeks before converted the brooder heat to propane, instead of electric lamps, so no harm done—no one froze! We did miss the running water, though, both in the house and barns
LOTS of snow this winter.
We were lucky, and got electricity back within a day or so, though. Lots of folks in our area were out of power for several days. Which reminds me, that I should impart this clever tip: a neighbor and farmer friend suggested that we fill the bathtub if we’re expecting a big storm or blizzard. Says he does, and though we’d never thought to do it before this storm, we’ve vowed to do it going forward, seeing how out of luck we were without water. Shortly thereafter, as the most recent storm approached, we got to enact our vow, plus we extrapolated and also filled jars and pitchers for drinking water. We never lost power this time, but if we had, we’d have been set!
Did I mention we got a LOT of snow?
Since we got so much snow, Matt had to get creative to get chores done. The first morning, when we’d gotten over a foot overnight, Matt literally skied down to the silage pile, and he didn’t do it to be goofy—it was out of near necessity. The snow was so deep and heavy, you could barely walk in it, and trying to do chores would’ve been murder, so the skis kept him on top of the snow and made the trek more manageable, and even a little fun. Though, he was pretty bummed when he got down to the pile, finally got the loader started, and it promptly ran out of fuel. He had to ski back up the hill, grab a can of fuel, ski back down, and was finally able to load the wagon.
Chore skiing
Later that same week, once there had been some nice sunny days and an icy crust had formed on the top of the snow, Matt, Berry, Minnie (Berry’s beagle mother), and I had an arctic outing on property. Matt skied, I hiked, and Berry shouted at him. (She’s not a fan of skis, we learned. She’s also not a fan of bicycles or horse and buggy combos, and neither is Minnie, so it’s always a treat for the Mennonites who go by our house. We have to literally call off the dogs and apologize. Fortunately, the mild-mannered Mennonites don’t seem too worried about it, and she’d never hurt them, of course, but she launches a verbal attack each time.
For anyone who’s worried, yes, our porch survived. In fact, our porch was a champ, and has been a fine venue from which to feed and watch the birds, which is my new favorite thing.
Our porch standing proudly despite the snows
Feeding the birds from our porch.
Anyway, the snows, while somewhat inconvenient have been an absolute gift! As you may remember, our area suffered from a crippling drought last year—the worst our county has seen in 30 years, so this was a VERY welcome bit of moisture. And what’s great about snow vs. the same amount of rain is that it sticks around longer and, as it melts, actually absorbs more effectively into the soil than rain does (rain tends to run off, meaning we don’t really get the same sort of benefit out of it). So we’ve learned that if, heaven forbid, we experience such wicked drought again, we should perform snow jigs in conjunction with our rain dances.
In related news, Matt found an updated map of the drought yesterday, and reported happily that it looks like we’re nearly recovered now!
All this recent precipitation means we’ve got stuff greening up like mad around here! The pasture where the turkeys were last year is positively glowing green, and the others aren’t far behind. Also, though we planted them very late in the season and weren’t sure they’d take, the shrubs and perennials in our porch garden and around the house seem to be coming back. Plus, as I mentioned, the daffodils are blooming, the hyacinths are nearly to that point, and the tulips are following suit. So, though it’s supposed to rain more and get a bit chilly again this weekend, I’m confident spring’s on it’s way. For real, this time.
Our porch garden coming back. Picture from a couple weeks ago. It’s even happier looking now.
Before that, the big deal in these parts was the beam. “The beam” may not sound significant to you, dear reader, but it is exceptionally significant in our household. And that’s because the beam replaced what used to be two walls that divided our living room, dining room, and kitchen into three tiny, stupid rooms. Well the living room used to be an OK size, but the other two were genuinely stupid. So NOW they’re all one lovely (ish… there’s plenty more glamorizing to do, but this was a GIANT leap for wonky-farmhouse-kind) space, wherein I can be boiling tea or slicing veggies, in what used to be our tiny, sequestered kitchen box, without losing out on the action in the living room!
The beam!
Matt and I had ordered lumber for the beam early last spring, but never got around to putting it in, so Matt’s older brother, who’s a timber frame pro and his charming and lovely wife, gave me a “we’re coming to do your beam” voucher for Christmas! And they did! And it’s amazing!
Also, we replaced our old two-story stove. What’s that? You’ve never heard of such a thing, you say? I’m not shocked; it was a pain to use, and went extinct shortly after it’s own brilliant invention, I’m sure. Ours came with the house. Anyway, now we have a single story unit (my folks’ old stove), which has added to the openness the beam provided. The whole effect is the bees knees, so I’m looking very forward to preparing some delicious fresh meals there this summer!
Before all the blizzards, before the beam, and before we began raising chicks for the year, we were on our big winter (cause when else can farm folks get away?) Down South & Out West vacation. It was pretty great. We started in OKC, celebrating the holidays with Matt’s grandparents, followed Matt’s fabulous uncle and aunt to Austin for an amazing New Year’s Eve concert and sight-seeing, and then followed them to their home in Brownsville, TX, where they showed us all the coolest stuff in the area, took us to Mexico for a day, and sent us off along the rest of the Rio Grande. We camped in Big Bend National Park and learned that Texas has mountains (who knew??); soaked in a hot springs in Truth or Consequences, NM, where my bougainvillea froze in the car; visited Great Sand Dunes National Park; and finally biked, hiked, soaked, and skied with friends in Salida, CO. Also we ate on this vacation. Loads. Everywhere we went, in order to sample the local fare. We put a lot of miles on the ol’ Subaru too, but it was a pretty great trip, so the miles were well worth it.
Guess which city…
Texas. Near Big bend. That’s the Rio Grande.
At Great Sand Dunes National Park
Near Salida, CO, on a hike with our pals, Benny and Tracey.
And since Matt’s very competent younger brother watched the place and looked after the cattle for us, we had nothing to worry about while we were gone. Though I did think a lot about Berry and Minnie, who stayed in MO, and whom I missed dearly.
Before our vacation was the holidays, and for us that means Christmas tree season. The Home Grown Trees (Matt’s family’s really, really good pal and partner in the business—actually the same fellow who married the two of us—grows the trees in Northern Michigan, where we used to live) tree lot is something Matt’s family has been doing, and enjoying immensely, for years. This year’s lot went great at the new location, and we’re already looking forward to next year.
At the Home Grown Trees Christmas tree lot. Matt and his brothers and dad, Benny, from Michigan, and the short one’s our nephew.
Aside from Christmas tree season, the holidays were also the holidays, and our holiday celebrations were exactly lovely and precisely delicious. We have really wonderful families
Before that was Buttonwood Farm’s very own turkey season. The turkeys this year were hilarious, and loved their grassy roaming zone. We had a good variety of sizes for our customers, and just the quality we’d hoped for. We had about half of them processed for Thanksgiving in St. Louis, and the other half processed a week later and frozen as whole, ground, legs, drumsticks, breasts, wings, necks, and backs. It was a heck of a project, but we were proud of the result. It made all our (mainly Matt’s) hard work seem worth the effort.
Matt with his flock, looking proud.
Perfect timing on this one! Caught her mid-shout.
Also rewarding is that this year we got a sliver of limelight when one of the local TV stations did a blurb about how best to do a Thanksgiving turkey. It was a demonstration by one of the chefs we work with, who used one of our turkeys, and was kind enough to say so, promoting our methods!
Anyway, it’s always a bummer to see the turkeys go, because they’re so curious and entertaining. Some of this year’s most memorable turkey moments were when our toddler nephew would visit and run among (and amok with) the turkeys. They’d just chase (though that sounds aggressive, and they weren’t) him around all over, until he ran back into a flock of them flailing, after which the whole process would repeat itself. I should really post a video, ‘cause my words just aren’t doing the scene justice… We’ll see if I can figure that out. Anyway, it was incredibly funny and adorable.
Matt caught a turkey for our nephew to pet. He doesn’t seem to be getting good reviews.
They’re so inquisitive.
Also during our turkey season, Berry, our mascot and the world’s finest beagle-mutt got sick. Spoiler alert, she’s great now, so no worries, but she was in really, really dire shape. She had Ehrlichiosis from a tick (though she’s always been on tick preventative), and it was awful. It’s not an illness you hear about, but it’s sorta like Lyme disease or Rocky Mountain spotted fever—another Rickettsia bacteria. Apparently, it’s pretty common in our area and in St. Louis, and in case I wasn’t clear, it’s awful. It can hide out in your pup for a long time and then attack brutally (Berry even had seizures!), but thankfully, treatment is simple and works very quickly! Anyway, just something to be conscious of, dear readers. Ticks are a big deal. So is Berry.
That got a little glum… Sorry ‘bout that.
Berry has SO recovered!
On a WAY lighter note, as I mentioned our porch survived the blizzards as well as the fall and summer, and we loved every moment on it. Already this year, we’ve grilled a couple times, and have had coffee/tea and a few brisk lunches on our porch. Today’s lunch out there wasn’t even all that brisk. The porch is still not quite finished; we have yet to paint it an add trim and railings, for instance. Need to apply the gutters too, but it’s a mostly functional space, and we enjoy sitting out there, admiring the garden, and watching our cattle grazing across the road.
The box truck also survived the year! And best of all, it’s got new tread and tires (thanks to Matt’s very, very generous cousin), so Matt’s fallen in love with it all over again. He says it drives WAY better, and he’s convinced it sits higher. On a side note, we’ve learned that with its new tread and better traction, it can pull out the tractor when it’s stuck, his other truck, the neighbor’s snowed-in vehicles, etc. A very handy tool, indeed. We’re talking about painting our logo, etc. on the sides of the box, but Matt’s campaigning that we should really have a picture of him on there, instead—one with a cheesy, overly enthusiastic smile and thumbs-up, holding a chicken.
chickens on pasture
As for what else is new or in the works this year, we’re looking at expanding further, meaning we’ll do a few more birds, probably build a new brooder space, specifically for the turkeys, and that we have more cattle this year too.
In fact, right now we have double the cattle we thought we would, since we have yet to sell last season’s herd, because the drought set back the whole process. It threw off the prices of grain, and devastated grass and the amount of weight cattle were gaining from it, thereby negatively affecting cattle prices and how big our cattle were. Shockingly, that was NOT a recipe for success, so we didn’t sell them last fall like we’d planned to. We kept them, fed them hay and silage, and Matt plans to sell them in the next several weeks.
The new calves, meanwhile, are crazy cute. And, though neither set (old or new) is grown adults, these fellas are much smaller than the first batch, which reminds us that last year’s calves, who started about the same size, really have come a long way under our tutelage.
Curious and adorable new calves.
Both teams of calves get a bit of silage each day. Matt starts calling them a bit before he heads out to feed them, so they’re all ready and waiting at the gate, and then it’s pretty stinkin’ cute to see all of them chasing after Matt on the tractor with the big wagon. Many actually walk along and eat as he’s driving, their faces shoved into the moving silage stack.
Mouths watering, waiting for Matt and his silage wagon.
Moving silage in the snow.
The snows made the feeding process very challenging. Matt’s tractor wouldn’t do the trick, so we had to borrow our neighbor’s steel-wheeled tractor. And thank heaven we did, or the calves would’ve been hungry. However, Matt’s learned that the Mennonite lifestyle (when it comes to steel tractor wheels, anyway) is not for him. So he’s in the market for a new (to him) tractor that will do the job. One with regular tires, if you please.
I mentioned the propane brooder heat improvement earlier, but Matt’s also been preparing for the summer heat out in the pasture. Of course, last year was especially brutal for our birds with the heat and drought, and surely most years won’t be so rough, but we’re improving our shade methods anyway. Matt’s just gotten several old hay wagons, and is preparing them to serve as new shelters, in addition to the shelters we had last year. We’ve also been discussing new, more efficient methods of watering the birds in the field, so stay tuned (I’ll try to make it a point to post again before December, but don’t bet the farm on it) for what we decide there.
You can kind of see the netting (last season’s big chicken improvement) in the back of this shot. It keeps the birds contained, but more importantly, it keeps the bad guys out.
In other news, we’ve just yesterday been to visit our pals, the Zimmermans, the Mennonite family who grows the majority of the produce we sell, and they’re well on their way in terms of production this years. Their greenhouses are already up and at em, and the day we were there, they were planting candy onions in the field. So we’re very hopeful about this year’s produce.
As I’m writing this, it’s pouring outside. But it’s not an angry, oppressive rain. It’s a hopeful, friendly offering. And I’m choosing to think of it a bit like seed money—like an investment for the purpose of starting something great or doing something amazing. That’s how this year is going to be. I just know it.
I’m hoping hard about it, anyway.
So that’s that. We’ve covered a lot of ground, both literal and figurative, since my last post, and are looking so very forward to what this year will bring. We’ve got lots on our plates, but we seem to thrive that way.
Posted in: Beef, Berry (our pup), Cattle, Chickens, Drought, General Updates, Home Improvement, Neighbors, Nelson (pony), Off-Season, Photos, Turkeys
Despite the Drought: The Good Stuff!
Late Spring + Early Summer 2013
One thought on “Springtime! (and catching up, since we’re blogging slackers)”
Pingback: Late Spring + Early Summer 2013 |
Happy Father’s Day! Creek play and crawdad racing here today.👌🏼
#nevergiveup #okigiveup
Grateful for the rain and all, but ... #stuck #ontoplanc
Soggy, squishy day, but there’s no better helper than this little lady. #daddydidistepincowpoop #yesyesyoudid
RT @RiverfrontTimes: Like the Missouri Botanical Garden? Like free stuff? Then you'll want to listen up. ow.ly/vN3930dLdvq 2 years ago
Follow @pastureranger
A little snow in the pasture, and they’re still coming to see what we’re up to. #winterwonderland #thanksgivingiscoming
It’s snowing in the turkey pasture! #evidence #thanksgivingiscoming
Missouri Local
California, MO 65018
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405811
|
__label__wiki
| 0.866963
| 0.866963
|
Should We Trust Brian Williams Again?
Broadcasting, Communications, Insights, Media, Uncategorized
The #1 news anchor in America, Brian Williams, is paying the price due to his lie about coming under enemy fire in Iraq and his involvement in other stories. Not only is Brian Williams’ future uncertain, but the sanctity of NBC News nightly broadcast, once the haven of iconic newsman Tom Brokaw, is also endangered.
Will the crisis fade during his leave of absence?
Probably not, at least not in my opinion. It’s one thing to make an error, it’s another to lie and embellish one’s own heroism. No one will ever trust him again. He will always be tarnished and untrustworthy, which means his value as a newsman will be diminished. But will NBC News continue to keep him as their anchor after his suspension? They might. His broadcast is one of the most lucrative shows in NBC’s roster.
But maybe we will see some signs of his future during his suspension. How will the ratings fair in the wake of this matter? Will they be the same or is it the final advantage ABC anchor David Muir needs to unseat NBC as #1? I think the latter scenario is more likely. NBC may feel the same way and perhaps, in response, Matt Lauer will make the move from the morning, or Lester Holt, the anchor for “Dateline,” will become the permanent new anchor. Or perhaps an outsider will come in and take the helm. Time will tell.
What do you think of the situation facing Brian Williams and NBC News?
Brian WilliamsNBC
Buzz in Baltimore: Watch Havas Helias; Hires at Ironmark and Mindgrub; Remembering Stan Czajkowski
Charlie Brotman Joins Reingold LINK as Senior Adviser
Geoff Livingston is president of Tenacity5 Media (http://tenacity5.com) and an award-winning online marketing strategist. Geoff provides content, social media and copywriting services, and loves to create big moments online that generate significant attention and new customers. A former journalist, Geoff continues to write and has authored five books. He is also an avid photographer. You can talk with him on Twitter at @geoffliving.
ABC Bests NBC for Evening News Viewers: First Time in More Than Five Years
NBC Suspends Brian Williams for Six Month, but Should He Be Fired?
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405813
|
__label__cc
| 0.721749
| 0.278251
|
09/19/2017 07/29/2019 on debian, english, planetpython, python tagged github
The Github threat
Many voices arise now and then against risks linked to the Github use by Free Software projects. Yet the infatuation for the collaborative forge of the Octocat Californian start-ups doesn’t seem to fade away.
These recent years, Github and its services take an important role in software engineering as they are seen as easy to use, efficient for a daily workload with interesting functions in enterprise collaborative workflow or amid a Free Software project. What are the arguments against using its services and are they valid? We will list them first, then we’ll examine their validity.
1. Critical points
1.1 Centralization
The Github application belongs to a single entity, Github Inc, a US company which manage it alone. So, a unique company under US legislation manages the access to most of Free Software application code sources, which may be a problem with groups using it when a code source is no longer available, for political or technical reason.
The most recent outcome of this centralization is Github forbidding developers from Iran, Syria or Crimea to access its services, in order to comply with newest US laws.
The Octocat, the Github mascot
This centralization leads to another trouble: as it obtained critical mass, it becomes more and more difficult not having a Github account. People who don’t use Github, by choice or not, are becoming a silent minority. It is now fashionable to use Github, and not doing so is seen as “out of date”. The same phenomenon is a classic, and even the norm, for proprietary social networks (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram).
1.2 A Proprietary Software
When you interact with Github, you are using a proprietary software, with no access to its source code and which may not work the way you think it is. It is a problem at different levels. First, ideologically, but foremost in practice. In the Github case, we send them code we can control outside of their interface. We also send them personal information (profile, Github interactions). And mostly, Github forces any project which goes through the US platform to use a crucial proprietary tools: its bug tracking system.
Windows, the epitome of proprietary software, even if others took the same path
1.3 The Uniformization
Working with Github interface seems easy and intuitive to most. Lots of companies now use it as a source repository, and many developers leaving a company find the same Github working environment in the next one. This pervasive presence of Github in free software development environment is a part of the uniformization of said developers’ working space.
Uniforms always bring Army in my mind, here the Clone army
2 – Critical points cross-examination
2.1 Regarding the centralization
2.1.1 Service availability rate
As said above, nowadays, Github is the main repository of Free Software source code. As such it is a favorite target for cyberattacks. DDOS hit it in March and August 2015. On December 15, 2015, an outage led to the inaccessibility of 5% of the repositories. The same occurred on November 15. And these are only the incident reported by Github itself. One can imagine that the mean outage rate of the platform is underestimated.
2.1.2 Chain reaction could block Free Software development
Today many dependency maintenance tools, as npm for javascript, Bundler for Ruby or even pip for Python can access an application source code directly from Github. Free Software projects getting more and more linked and codependents, if one component is down, all the developing process stop.
One of the best examples is the npmgate. Any company could legally demand that Github take down some source code from its repository, which could create a chain reaction and blocking the development of many Free Software projects, as suffered the Node.js community from the decisions of Npm, Inc, the company managing npm.
2.2 A historical precedent: SourceForge
Github didn’t appear out of the blue. In his time, its predecessor, SourceForge, was also extremely popular.
Heavily centralized, based on strong interaction with the community, SourceForge is now seen as an aging SAAS (Software As A Service) and sees most of its customers fleeing to Github. Which creates lots of hurdles for those who stayed. The Gimp project suffered from spams and terrible advertising, which led to the departure of the VLC project, then from installers corrupted with adwares instead of the official Gimp installer for Windows. And finally, the Project Gimp’s SourceForge account was hacked by… SourceForge team itself!
These are very recent examples of what can do a commercial entity when it is under its stakeholders’ pressure. It is vital to really understand what it means to trust them with data and exchange centralization, where it could have tremendous repercussion on the day-to-day life and the habits of the Free Software and open source community.
2.3. Regarding proprietary software
2.3.1 One community, several opinions on proprietary software
Mostly based on ideology, this point deals with the definition every member of the community gives to Free Software and open source. Mostly about one thing: is it viral or not? Or GPL vs MIT/BSD.
Those on the side of the viral Free Software will have trouble to use a proprietary software as this last one shouldn’t even exist. It must be assimilated, to quote Star Trek, as it is a connected black box, endangering privacy, corrupting for profit our uses and restrain our freedom to use as we’re pleased what we own, etc.
Those on the side of complete freedom have no qualms using proprietary software as their very existence is a consequence of freedom without restriction. They even agree that code they developed may be a part of proprietary software, which is quite a common occurrence. This part of the Free Software community has no qualm using Github, which is well within their ideology parameters. Just take a look at the Janson amphitheater during Fosdem and check how many Apple laptops running on macOS are around.
FreeBSD, the main BSD project under the BSD license
2.3.2 Data loss and data restrictions linked to proprietary software use
Even without ideological consideration, and just focusing on Github infrastructure, the bug tracking system is a major problem by itself.
Bug report builds the memory of Free Software projects. It is the entrance point for new contributors, the place to find bug reporting, requests for new functions, etc. The project history can’t be limited only to the code. It’s very common to find bug reports when you copy and paste an error message in a search engine. Not their historical importance is precious for the project itself, but also for its present and future users.
Github gives the ability to extract bug reports through its API. What would happen if Github is down or if the platform doesn’t support this feature anymore? In my opinion, not that many projects ever thought of this outcome. How could they move all the data generated by Github into a new bug tracking system?
One old example now is Astrid, a TODO list bought by Yahoo a few years ago. Very popular, it grew fast until it was closed overnight, with only a few weeks for its users to extract their data. It was only a to-do list. The same situation with Github would be tremendously difficult to manage for several projects if they even have the ability to deal with it. Code would still be available and could still live somewhere else, but the project memory would be lost. A project like Debian has today more than 800,000 bug reports, which are a data treasure trove about problems solved, function requests and where the development stand on each. The developers of the Cpython project have anticipated the problem and decided not to use Github bug tracking systems.
Issues, the Github proprietary bug tracking system
Another thing we could lose if Github suddenly disappear: all the work currently done regarding the pull requests (aka PRs). This Github function gives the ability to clone one project’s Github repository, to modify it to fit your needs, then to offer your own modification to the original repository. The original repository’s owner will then review said modification, and if he or she agrees with them will fuse them into the original repository. As such, it’s one of the main advantages of Github, since it can be done easily through its graphic interface.
However reviewing all the PRs may be quite long, and most of the successful projects have several ongoing PRs. And this PRs and/or the proprietary bug tracking system are commonly used as a platform for comment and discussion between developers.
Code itself is not lost if Github is down (except one specific situation as seen below), but the peer review works materialized in the PRs and the bug tracking system is lost. Let’s remember than the PR mechanism let you clone and modify projects and then generate PRs directly from its proprietary web interface without downloading a single code line on your computer. In this particular case, if Github is down, all the code and the work in progress is lost.
Some also use Github as a bookmark place. They follow their favorite projects’ activity through the Watch function. This technological watch style of data collection would also be lost if Github is down.
Debian, one of the main Free Software projects with at least a thousand official contributors
2.4 Uniformization
The Free Software community is walking a thigh rope between normalization needed for an easier interoperability between its products and an attraction for novelty led by a strong need for differentiation from what is already there.
Github popularized the use of Git, a great tool now used through various sectors far away from its original programming field. Step by step, Git is now so prominent it’s almost impossible to even think to another source control manager, even if awesome alternate solutions, unfortunately not as popular, exist as Mercurial.
A new Free Software project is now a Git repository on Github with README.md added as a quick description. All the other solutions are ostracized? How? None or very few potential contributors would notice said projects. It seems very difficult now to encourage potential contributors into learning a new source control manager AND a new forge for every project they want to contribute. Which was a basic requirement a few years ago.
It’s quite sad because Github, offering an original experience to its users, cut them out of a whole possibility realm. Maybe Github is one of the best web versioning control systems. But being the main one doesn’t let room for a new competitor to grow. And it let Github initiate development newcomers into a narrow function set, totally unrelated to the strength of the Git tool itself.
3. Centralization, uniformization, proprietary software… What’s next? Laziness?
Fight against centralization is a main part of the Free Software ideology as centralization strengthens the power of those who manage it and who through it control those who are managed by it. Uniformization allergies born against main software companies and their wishes to impose a closed commercial software world was for a long time the main fuel for innovation thirst and intelligent alternative development. As we said above, part of the Free Software community was built as a reaction to proprietary software and their threat. The other part, without hoping for their disappearance, still chose a development model opposite to proprietary software, at least in the beginning, as now there’s more and more bridges between the two.
The Github effect is a morbid one because of its consequences: at least centralization, uniformization, proprietary software usage as their bug tracking system. But some years ago the Dear Github buzz showed one more side effect, one I’ve never thought about: laziness. For those who don’t know what it is about, this letter is a complaint from several spokespersons from several Free Software projects which demand to Github team to finally implement, after years of polite asking, new functions.
Since when Free Software project facing a roadblock request for clemency and don’t build themselves the path they need? When Torvalds was involved in the Bitkeeper problem and the Linux kernel development team couldn’t use anymore their revision control software, he developed Git. The mere fact of not being able to use one tool or functions lacking is the main motivation to seek alternative solutions and, as such, of the Free Software movement. Every Free Software community member able to code should have this reflex. You don’t like what Github offers? Switch to Gitlab. You don’t like it Gitlab? Improve it or make your own solution.
The Gitlab logo
Let’s be crystal clear. I’ve never said that every Free Software developers blocked should code his or her own alternative. We all have our own priorities, and some of us even like their beauty sleep, including me. But, to see that this open letter to Github has 1340 names attached to it, among them some spokespersons for major Free Software project showed me that need, willpower and strength to code a replacement are here. Maybe said replacement will be born from this letter, it would be the best outcome of this buzz.
In the end, Github usage is just another example of Internet usage massification. As Internet users are bound to go to massively centralized social network as Facebook or Twitter, developers are following the same path with Github. Even if a large fraction of developers realize the threat linked this centralized and proprietary organization, the whole community is following this centralization and uniformization trend. Github service is useful, free or with a reasonable price (depending on the functions you need) easy to use and up most of the time. Why would we try something else? Maybe because others are using us while we are savoring the convenience? The Free Software community seems to be quite sleepy to me.
The lion enjoying the hearth warm
Carl Chenet, Free Software Indie Hacker, founder of the French-speaking Hacker News-like Journal du hacker.
Follow me on social networks
My Mastodon account : @carlchenet
My Diaspora* account : @carlchenet
My Twitter account : @carl_chenet
Translated from French by Stéphanie Chaptal. Original article written in 2015.
24 thoughts on “The Github threat”
Laverne Schrock says:
Centralization makes for a very nice user experience and makes join a Free software project easier.
We need to work on tools that will allow us to work in a decentralized fashion without the loss of convenience provided by centralized solutions. Sure, that may sound lazy, but there are strong economic incentives to take the quickest route to product delivery.
Note that federated systems like email or mastadon tend to have a few major players that most of the network relies on. I think that tools like GNUnet and IPFS have a lot of potential.
Carl Chenet says:
I think it’s needed to realize that Mastodon is today an initiative to follow because it’s already the biggest success of a Free Software decentralized social network.
Daniele - Gadgetbridge says:
I cannot agree more. You could add to the list what happened to a project of which I am a core developer: namely Gadgetbridge.
Basically we received a DMCA takedown notice that shut our repo down, and in order to make it accessible again we had to find a lawyer that could help us formulating a “Counter notice”.
The main point is that github is a US-based company and every user accepts “to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction and venue of the courts located in the City and County of San Francisco, California” when signing up: many european developers might not be not aware of the consequences.
You can read the details over at our blog:
https://blog.freeyourgadget.org/our-dmca-takedown-a-post-mortem.html
Not cool 🙁 Thanks for the feedback!
maq says:
It’s odd that the author only pointed out Gitlab as an alternative. There are more open-source solutions, namely:
– RhodeCode AGPL3, Python
– Gogs/Gitea, MIT, GO-LANG
– Kallithea GPL3, Python
Thanks to point out the others 😉
tosky says:
… and Pagure.io: https://pagure.io/pagure
Greg K Nicholson says:
You may also be interested in git-ssb.
Entertainingly enough, git-ssb is distributed via GitHub.
https://github.com/clehner/git-ssb
It’s funny indeed 🙂
clacke says:
No, it’s not. The canonical repo is at https://git-ssb.celehner.com/%25n92DiQh7ietE%2BR%2BX%2FI403LQoyf2DtR3WQfCkDKlheQU%3D.sha256 .
Loic Dachary says:
Adding to the list https://secure.phabricator.com/
Phabricator is an integrated set of powerful tools to help companies build higher quality software.
I’m not a big fan of the user experience it provides but it’s definitely usable.
Carl, many thanks for this article. I agree completely.
Let me add two things:
1. Currently, the “GitHub threat” is accompanied by the “Slack threat”. While not as many free software projects use this proprieraty walled-garden as GitHub, it is alarming to see, that many social and political groups as well as SMBs are using it for all their decision-making discussions. This is a huge privacy problem, because Slack can see, how many people are working in a company or an activism group, how different companies or groups are related, and what they are actually doing. Fortunately, there are people who are working on free and federated alternatives, e.g. Salut A Toi (https://salut-a-toi.org/).
2. We all should probably move to distributed bug tracking. So far, there are some, e.g. fossil and at least a dozen based on git. No “winner”, so far, but the future looks bright.
You’re totally right. In fact “The Slack Threat” is the title of my next english blog post 😉
Eric Wong says:
The problem with any distributed bug tracker or messaging system is spam filtering is required whenever adoption hits critical mass.
Email already has the most spam filtering options available, so I favor sticking and building upon email and being able to choose between SpamAssassin, rspamd, or whatever else comes along. git development itself has always been heavily based around email, and anybody can follow along on https://public-inbox.org/git/ or https://marc.info/?l=git and see how everybody interacts.
Disclaimer: I run and maintain https://public-inbox.org/git/ but have no special access or rights to the git project or kernel.org.
Slack, and also Discord. Case in point: Mastodon.
nIQnutn says:
Octave Klaba: “Pourquoi j’ai interdit GitHub ?”
https://www.ovh.com/fr/a1136.interview-github-octave-klaba-ovh
Thanks for bringing more attention to this issue. One aspect that’s overlooked is GitHub is a centralized MESSAGING platform; like most message boards.
All messages end up being routed through their servers and with the popularity of users using “noreply” addresses in their commits, developers lose the ability to communicate freely with each other when GitHub goes down (or they use equally centralized and proprietary platforms like Slack or Twitter)
When a mailing list goes down, participants can still email each other directly and get work done. As a result, hardly anybody notices vger.kernel.org downtime when working on git or the Linux kernel because the culture is reply-to-all. That said, it’d be much better if more developers ran their own SMTP servers instead of letting GMail handle it.
Arjen Lentz says:
The greatest irony in the setup is that key advantages of using distributed version control are undermined by using a centralised repository for bugs and other key aspects of the development process.
It’s most unfortunate, but indeed ubiquity comes with lots of side-effects. People join without considering, and many people joining will not have the background or information to even be able to consider.
For an example of a distributed version control system that has its bug tracking (and other aspects) built-in, Fossil by the author of SQLite, Richard Hipp.
https://www.fossil-scm.org/index.html/doc/trunk/www/index.wiki
The approach has specific merits that we should consider, and they can “easily” be applied with Git also.
Many of the GitHub alternatives are in themselves centralised – yes you can run your own instance, but they still split the code from the bugs and other info. Why.
Finally, it should not be necessary to have a centralised userbase. It would be good to have a distributed notification system for distributed repos, using signed messages. That way even “politically endangered” projects would be able to exist effectively without an intrinsic risk of being taken out. Secondary hosts can automatically clone and broadcast availability.
Pingback: On "The Gitgub threat" and distributed development | Open Query Pty Ltd
Mathis DT says:
I have the pragmatic opinion to use the tool Github as long as it is available, but to establish a second way if Github should close at any time in the future.
I use the Python script github-backup [1] to backup metadata like issues or pull requests in addition to a simple, native “git clone” or “git pull –all” for each repo (as fetched by a wget call to Github’s API).
[1] https://pypi.python.org/pypi/github-backup
Pingback: The Slack Threat | Carl Chenet's Blog
Pingback: Édito de janvier 2018 | Carl Chenet's Blog
And now github is Microsoft !?? Wonderful !!!!!!
* “Multiple punctuation is a sure sign of a diseased mind.” The more the better
Gittaca says:
Thanks for elaborating all these points 🙂
Agreeing with all of them, I still remain a big-platform-1st-proponent, precisly because tools like the already-commented “github-backup” and many others exist. The platform-inherent risks are IMHO well-manageable, esp. in GH’s case, because of https://docs.gitlab.com/ce/user/project/import/github.html
That’s one answer to “How [to] move all the data […] into a new bug tracking system?” although the question remains, whether this scales to large projects that need to move quickly if API-calls are limited.
IMHO, dominance of GitHub, GitLab, etc. can most effectively be mitigated (but also exploited) by maintaining useful, flexible & compatible export/import tools.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405818
|
__label__wiki
| 0.88575
| 0.88575
|
The effect of dexmedetomidine and clonidine on the inflammatory response in critical illness: a systematic review of animal and human studies
Charles A. Flanders ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-5604-860X1 na1,
Alistair S. Rocke1 na1,
Stuart A. Edwardson2,
J. Kenneth Baillie1 &
Timothy S. Walsh1,2,3
Critical Care volume 23, Article number: 402 (2019) Cite this article
The α2 agonists, dexmedetomidine and clonidine, are used as sedative drugs during critical illness. These drugs may have anti-inflammatory effects, which might be relevant to critical illness, but a systematic review of published literature has not been published. We reviewed animal and human studies relevant to critical illness to summarise the evidence for an anti-inflammatory effect from α2 agonists.
We searched PubMed, the Cochrane library, and Medline. Animal and human studies published in English were included. Broad search terms were used: dexmedetomidine or clonidine, sepsis, and inflammation. Reference lists were screened for additional publications. Titles and abstracts were screened independently by two reviewers and full-text articles obtained for potentially eligible studies. Data extraction used a bespoke template given study diversity, and quality assessment was qualitative.
Study diversity meant meta-analysis was not feasible so descriptive synthesis was undertaken. We identified 30 animal studies (caecal ligation/puncture (9), lipopolysaccharide (14), acute lung injury (5), and ischaemia-reperfusion syndrome (5)), and 9 human studies. Most animal (26 dexmedetomidine, 4 clonidine) and all human studies used dexmedetomidine. In animal studies, α2 agonists reduced serum and/or tissue TNFα (20 studies), IL-6 (17 studies), IL-1β (7 studies), NFκB (6 studies), TLR4 (6 studies), and a range of other mediators. Timing and doses varied widely, but in many cases were not directly relevant to human sedation use. In human studies, dexmedetomidine reduced CRP (4 studies), TNFα (5 studies), IL-6 (6 studies), IL-1β (3 studies), and altered several other mediators. Most studies were small and low quality. No studies related effects to clinical outcomes.
Evidence supports potential anti-inflammatory effects from α2 agonists, but the relevance to clinically important outcomes is uncertain. Further work should explore whether dose relationships with inflammation and clinical outcomes are present which might be separate from sedation-mediated effects.
The α2 agonists dexmedetomidine and clonidine are widely used as sedative drugs during critical illness, acting by dose-dependent decrease in activity of noradrenergic neurons in the brain stem via post-synaptic receptor-mediated inhibition [1]. This increases gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurone activity, which mediates central sedative effects. Dexmedetomidine, a highly selective α2 agonist (α2:α1 receptor selectivity ratio 1620:1), is licenced for intensive care unit (ICU) sedation and systematic reviews suggest it decreases duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay compared with propofol and/or benzodiazepines [2,3,4]. Effects on delirium are less certain [2, 4], but recent trials suggest dexmedetomidine can decrease delirium in selected populations, even when used in low doses [5]. Clonidine has substantially lower α2:α1 selectivity (220:1), is unlicensed for ICU sedation, but is also widely used in some countries. Despite this popularity, evidence for clinical effectiveness is very limited and of poor quality [6].
α2 agonists decrease central sympathetic nerve activity, which might affect inflammation and immune function either directly via cell surface receptors or indirectly by altering sympathetic/parasympathetic balance [7,8,9]. Although α2 agonists cause bradycardia, they may paradoxically increase cardiovascular stability in shock [10,11,12]. A post hoc trial analysis [13] and prospective clinical trial [14] suggest trends towards improved survival in sepsis when dexmedetomidine is used for sedation but remains unproven and was not observed in the recent large SPICE III randomised trial [15].
If α2 agonists have effects via mechanisms other than sedation, these could be important for clinical practice. Any anti-inflammatory effects could plausibly explain putative effects on delirium, shock, and other organ dysfunction and might explain why low doses of dexmedetomidine decrease delirium in perioperative patients [16]. Current evidence for anti-inflammatory effects from α2 agonists in critical illness has not previously been summarised. We therefore undertook a systematic review of relevant animal and human studies of critical illness to summarise current evidence.
Eligible studies were animal or human studies undertaken in the context of sepsis, inflammation, or both. We limited studies to those that included dexmedetomidine or clonidine. All included studies required a biological measure of the inflammatory response as an outcome.
We searched PubMed, the Cochrane library, and Medline in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines; the PRISMA checklist is available as an Additional file 1. The final search was done on May 14, 2019. Search terms used were broad: dexmedetomidine, sepsis and inflammation; and clonidine, sepsis and inflammation. We had no date limits but included only studies published in English. Reference lists were screened for additional publications. After removing duplicates, titles and abstracts were screened independently by two reviewers (CAF and ASR) and full-text articles obtained wherever possible for all potentially eligible studies. Disagreements were resolved between the two reviewers, with reference to the senior author (TSW). Full-text articles were retrieved from the National Health Service, Athens, Knowledge Network, University of Edinburgh, and the British Library. Where a full-text article was unavailable and there was insufficient information in the abstract to determine eligibility, it was excluded.
For eligible studies, data were extracted into a table that summarised: type of study (animal, human), population, interventions used and comparators, outcomes, key summary findings, and any relevant additional comments or findings (see Additional files 2, 3, 4 and 5).
We grouped studies as follows:
Sepsis models (caecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)), acute lung injury models (ALI), and ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) models.
Human studies
Any human study involving perioperative and/or critically ill patients fulfilling inclusion criteria.
As the type and range of studies varied widely and were mostly animal models, we did not undertake formal quality assessment using an existing tool. Instead, we documented potentially important limitations qualitatively for each study. Evidence synthesis was descriptive, because data were not suitable for meta-analysis.
The search identified 188 records; manual reference searching identified an additional 21 records. After removing duplicates 140 study abstracts were screened, and 95 selected for full text analysis. After full text review, 53 articles did not meet inclusion criteria and 42 articles were included in the review. The PRISMA flowchart is shown in Fig. 1. We identified 33 animal studies (9 CLP, 14 LPS, 5 ALI, 5 IRI) and 9 human studies.
Systematic review PRISMA flowchart
The key inflammatory molecules tested are described in Table 1 with a summary of all animal studies in Additional file 2 and a detailed description in Additional file 3.
Table 1 Inflammatory molecules tested in animal studies
Caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)
The nine CLP models were undertaken in rats [17, 21,22,23, 34, 41, 42] and mice [36, 37]. Seven studies used dexmedetomidine [17, 22, 23, 34, 36, 37, 41, 42] and one clonidine [21]. Study size ranged from 21 to 210 animals with a range of control group designs. Routes of administration were intraperitoneal [22, 36, 41, 42] and intravenous [17, 21, 23, 34, 37] as well as bolus [21,22,23, 36, 37, 41, 42] versus infusion [17, 34]. Study design included pre-only groups [34, 42], pre/post groups [21, 36], and post-only [17, 22, 23, 37, 41] designs. Three studies included α2 agonist blockade groups [17, 23, 42]. A range of dexmedetomidine doses was used but in most studies was high compared to human sedative doses. Duration of experiments varied widely (6 h to 7 days), but most were less than 24 h with widely varying sampling schedules.
Hofer et al. found both high dose intraperitoneal clonidine (5 μg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (40 μg/kg) decreased NFκB and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6) and improved survival [21], with effects most marked with pre-CLP administration. Qiao et al. found dexmedetomidine (5 μg/kg/h infusion) reduced Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and caspase-3 but found similar effects from midazolam [34]. Wu et al. found higher doses of intraperitoneal dexmedetomidine (range 10–20 μg/kg) reduced inflammatory response within the lungs (bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] TNFα, IL-6; lung tissue Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), and NFκB) and improved survival [22]. Xu et al. found intravenous dexmedetomidine bolus (40 μg/kg) decreased TNFα and IL-6, with greatest effects after 24 h, and improved survival. Effects were greatest with pre-CLP dexmedetomidine administration [36]. Koca et al. found intraperitoneal dexmedetomidine (50 μg/kg post-CLP) decreased acute kidney injury (histology, creatinine, and Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)) and inflammatory markers (Cytokeratin 18 (CK18); M30) 6 h post-injury [41]. Zhang et al. found intravenous dexmedetomidine (5 or 10 μg/kg bolus post-CLP) attenuated all measured inflammatory markers (TNFα, IL-6, TLR4, MyD88, and NFκB) 6 h post-injury, but effects were not reduced by yohimbine [23]. Chen et al. found intravenous dexmedetomidine (5 μg/kg over 1 h) attenuated all inflammatory markers (TNFα, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, TLR4) and lactate production when delivered 30 min post-CLP, and improved survival; these effects were partially prevented by yohimbine [17]. Zhang et al. found intravenous dexmedetomidine at various doses (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 mg/kg) given 30 min post-CLP improved serum IL-6 and IL-1β [37]. Finally, Zhang et al. found dexmedetomidine (10 μg/kg) improved survival and histological lung injury scores (including tissue caveolin-1 expression), with effects partially reversed by the antagonist APZ [43].
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration
The 14 LPS models were undertaken in rats [30,31,32,33, 35, 44,45,46,47], mice [20, 29, 38, 48], and hamsters [40]. Thirteen studies used dexmedetomidine [20, 22, 29,30,31,32,33, 35, 40, 44,45,46,47] and one clonidine [38]. Study size ranged from 40 to 104 animals. Design varied widely and included pre-LPS only [20, 29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38], post-LPS only [31, 40, 44,45,46, 48], and at initiation of LPS [47]. LPS was administered intravenously in all studies. Five studies [29, 30, 35, 38, 44] included comparison with α2 antagonist treatment. Doses (2.5 to 50 μg/kg) and duration of experiments (range 3 to 20 h) varied widely but most were short duration.
Taniguchi et al. found intravenous dexmedetomidine 5 μg/kg/h post-LPS decreased TNFα and IL-6, improved survival, and decreased lung neutrophil infiltration over 8 h [31]. A further study described dose-dependent reduction (dexmedetomidine 2.5 to 10 μg/kg/h) in TNFα and IL-6 over 5 h when started pre-LPS administration; effects were absent with lowest doses, and post-LPS administration had less marked effects [32]. Sezer et al. found intravenous dexmedetomidine 5 μg/kg/h decreased histological markers of inflammation 8 h post-LPS [45]. Shi et al. administered three boluses of dexmedetomidine (0.5, 1.5, and 4.5 μg/kg) and found lung TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, TLR4, NFκB, and lung wet/dry ratios were all decreased with the two higher (but not the lowest) dexmedetomidine doses [46]. Kong et al. found dexmedetomidine administered as a 10 mg/kg bolus 1 h prior to LPS reduced myocardial apoptosis, NFκB, IL-6, and IL-1β and was attenuated by α-bungarotoxin (ABT), an antagonist at the α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor [20]. Szelenyi et al. found intraperitoneal clonidine (5 mg/kg), administered 30 min prior to LPS, significantly reduced Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and was reversed when α2 antagonists (CH- 38083, WB04101, Prazosin) were administered [38]. Yeh et al. found intravenous dexmedetomidine (5 μg/kg/h) administered concurrently with LPS showed no harmful effect on cardiovascular parameters and reduced small bowel markers of endothelial dysfunction [47]. Wu et al. found dexmedetomidine 5 and 50 μg/kg/h infusion for 8 h from LPS administration attenuated T and B cell production, reduced macrophage phagocytosis at both doses, and increased NK cell activity at the high dexmedetomidine dose [48]. Xiang et al. administered dexmedetomidine 40 μg/kg as a bolus pre-LPS and found attenuation of TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β and improved survival; effects were reversed by administration of the α2 antagonist ABT [33]. Chen et al. found intravenous dexmedetomidine 5 μg/kg/h attenuated a range of blood and liver inflammatory/injury markers, which was attenuated by yohimbine [44]. Miranda et al. used a skinfold chamber technique to study microcirculation in a hamster LPS model of dexmedetomidine 5 μg/kg/h 1 h post-LPS, finding no difference in vasodilatation, but a reduction in leukocyte rolling following dexmedetomidine [40]. Feng et al. administered dexmedetomidine at 25 μg/kg as a bolus pre-LPS and found attenuation of TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β. This effect was reversed when administered with ATZ [35]. Kang et al. found that dexmedetomidine administered at 40 μg/kg attenuated serum TNFα and IL-6 when given 1-h pre-LPS induced acute kidney injury. This effect was reversed when administered with the α2 antagonist ABT [29]. Finally, Tan et al. observed a decrease in TNFα, IL-6, Interleukin-8 (IL-8), and in renal High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) expression following pre-LPS dexmedetomidine 10 μg/kg administration, which was attenuated by concurrent yohimbine administration [30].
Acute lung injury models
Five studies were undertaken in rats [18, 25, 26, 28] and dogs [49]. Four used dexmedetomidine [18, 25, 26, 49] and one clonidine [28]. Study size ranged from 30 to 84 animals. The ALI model was ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) [25, 26, 49], ischaemia [18], and trauma [28]. Two studies [18, 25] included α2 agonist blockade groups. The dose varied widely 0.5 to 5 μg/kg/h dexmedetomidine and duration of experiments from 4 h to 7 days.
Yang et al. used a rat VILI model (10 versus 20 mL/kg) and compared effects from 0.5, 2.5, and 5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine. Lung histology studies and expression of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), Nitric Oxide (NO), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and β-actin showed only the 5 μg/kg dose attenuated inflammation; the effect was attenuated by yohimbine [25]. In a further study, this group found intravenous dexmedetomidine at lower dose (0.5 μg/kg/h) reduced VILI in an LPS-plus-VILI model, based on histology and pro-inflammatory markers [26]. Chen et al. induced VILI in dogs (20 mL/kg), studied three intravenous dexmedetomidine doses from intubation (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 μg/kg/h), and examined lung injury at 4 h. They found dose-dependent reduction in lung TNFα, iNOS, NFκB, and BAL Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), with increasing dexmedetomidine dose [49]. Jiang et al. studied pre-injury dexmedetomidine (2.5 and 5 μg/kg/h) effects in an ischaemia (hilar occlusion) model of ALI in rats, finding dexmedetomidine reduced lung injury scores and inflammatory markers (MPO, TNFα, IL-6, TLR4, MyD88, Phospho-JNK, and Phospho-ERK); yohimbine partially reversed effects on some injury markers [18]. Finally, Loftus et al. used a complex trauma model including haemorrhage, lung contusion, and stress over 7 days to explore the effects of clonidine (10 μg/kg) on lung injury, finding high doses of clonidine increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor expression in the lungs [28].
Ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) models
The five studies were all in rats, four dexmedetomidine [19, 24, 27, 43] and one clonidine [39]. Study size ranged from 30 to 80 animals. Two studies [24, 43] included α2 agonist blockade groups. Doses varied widely 0.5 to 5 μg/kg/h dexmedetomidine, as did duration of experiments (4 h to 7 days).
Filos et al. used a haemorrhage model and studied the effects of clonidine pre-treatment (150 μg/kg subcutaneously) on circulating endotoxin and tissue superoxide radicals, finding both were reduced [39]. Uysal et al. used a femoral artery/vein clamp model to study effects of dexmedetomidine 10 and 30 μg/kg on an epigastric island skin flap 12 h and 7 days post-IRI finding both doses reduced tissue NO, MDA, and MPO at both time points, and reduced flap necrosis area [19]. Shen et al. used a superior mesenteric artery occlusion model to study effects of dexmedetomidine 2.5 and 5 μg/kg/h infusion pre-IRI on lung injury, finding dose-dependent reductions in lung TLR4 and MyD88 (but not phosphoinositide 3-kinase (Pi3k) or Protein kinase B (AKT)) and improved lung histology and wet/dry weight ratio, with effects unaltered by yohimbine [24]. Sugita et al. studied effects of dexmedetomidine 10 and 20 μg/kg/h from the time of reperfusion on circulating TNFα, IL-6, IL-6, and NOS, finding attenuation of IL-6 and iNOS, but not TNFα, Endothelial derived nitric oxide (eNOS), or Neuronal nitric oxide (nNOS) 6 h post-IRI [27]. Finally, Zhang et al. studied the effects of dexmedetomidine infusion on myocardial injury in a coronary occlusion model, finding a reduction in infarct size and all measures of myocardial inflammation studied; this effect was attenuated by yohimbine [43].
We identified nine randomised controlled studies in humans. The populations were elective one-lung ventilation [50], laparoscopic cholecystectomy [51, 52], abdominal surgery [53, 54], spinal fusion surgery [55], cardiac surgery [56], and sepsis [14, 57]. All studies used dexmedetomidine; none used clonidine. Comparator treatments varied, comprising a control/placebo [50,51,52, 55, 56], propofol [14, 53, 54], and midazolam [57]. Size ranged from 20 to 201 patients; eight studies had a total size < 50 patients. Dexmedetomidine timing and dose varied: single bolus [50], in seven [51,52,53,54,55,56,57] as a bolus (range 0.5 to 2.5 μg/kg) followed by an infusion (range 0.5 to 2.5 μg/kg/h), and titration to a sedation target [14].
C Reactive Protein (CRP) was measured in four studies [14, 51, 55, 56] and was decreased in all studies compared to the comparator. TNFα was measured in five studies [50, 51, 53, 55, 57] and was reduced in all studies compared to the comparator. IL-6 was measured in six studies [51, 53,54,55,56,57]; dexmedetomidine decreased IL-6 in four studies [53, 55,56,57], but in two [51, 54] no difference was detected. IL-1β was measured in three studies [51, 53, 57] and was decreased in all studies. Other findings included a reduction in IL-10 [51], a transient attenuation of NFκB [56], an increase in the interferon/IL-4ratio [52], a decrease in CD42a/CD14 ratio and an increase in Human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR)/CD14 ratio with dexmedetomidine [55]. The key inflammatory molecules tested are described in Table 2 with a summary of each study in Additional file 4 and a detailed description in Additional file 5.
Table 2 Inflammatory molecules tested in human studies
We found both animal and human studies supported anti-inflammatory effects from the α2 agonists used in treatment of critically ill humans, namely dexmedetomidine and clonidine. However, only four animal and no human evaluated the effects of clonidine. There was wide variability in animal study design, but overall results were consistent with a reduction in markers of inflammation and organ injury. Anti-inflammatory effects were also observed in most human studies [14, 50, 51, 53, 55,56,57].
Animal studies were heterogeneous in design in relation to the stimulus (LPS, CLP, IRI, and VILI), route of administration and timing of α2 agonist, and dose regimen used. There was variation in the biological/pathological marker of inflammation used, but effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines were broadly consistent across studies. Studies using antagonists [4, 18, 20, 25, 29, 30, 33, 35, 38, 44] mostly suggested attenuation or elimination of effects, supporting a receptor-mediated mechanism, but this was not universal. The relevance of the animal studies to human disease is uncertain, especially because doses were mostly significantly higher than licenced for human use. No study measured plasma drug concentrations. Although the relevance to established critical illness of pre-insult administration is uncertain, this might be relevant to perioperative administration during major surgery. The co-administration of drugs such as ketamine in some studies [21, 26] might also interact with α2 agonist pathways, limiting relevance to human disease. Few studies measured concurrent cardiovascular responses [21, 27, 31, 32, 47], which are potentially important side effects in humans, and almost all studies were undertaken in small animals, which may not be relevant models to human inflammatory disease. The consistency of reported effects across studies supports potentially relevant modulation of inflammation and/or immune responses. However, we cannot exclude an influence from publication bias.
Of the nine human studies, only two were undertaken in critically ill patients with sepsis or other clear inflammatory conditions [14, 57]; the remainder included elective surgical populations [20, 50, 52,53,54,55,56]. Most studies performed serum cytokine assays until around 48 h post-operatively and observed reductions compared with control patients in the immediate post-operative period. The main study limitations were small sample size and the uncertain relevance of inflammatory mediator concentrations to clinical outcomes. All of the 9 human studies used dexmedetomidine. The largest study was undertaken in mechanically ventilated septic patients and had non-significantly different clinical primary outcomes (mortality and ventilation-free days). Dexmedetomidine doses were smaller than those widely used for clinical sedation (0.1–0.7 μg/kg/h), but despite this the observed reduction in CRP concentrations is consistent with an anti-inflammatory effect. This study did not measure pro- or anti-inflammatory pathways [14]. The size and quality of the human studies was generally low, populations were heterogeneous, and most populations did not have severe illness. Anti-inflammatory effects were observed for potentially relevant inflammatory mediators in all studies, but none linked modulation of inflammation to clinical outcomes.
This is the first systematic review of the anti-inflammatory effects of dexmedetomidine and clonidine that includes both human and animal studies. We included studies covering a wide range of inflammatory insults including animal sepsis, ARDS and ischemia models, human critical illness, and major surgical interventions. In animal studies, we also specifically described the dose of α2 agonist used and timing of administration to highlight relevance to human disease. The only other published systematic review described anti-inflammatory effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to general anaesthesia and found significant reductions in perioperative IL-6, IL-8, TNFα concentrations, and post-operative IL-10. It also observed wide variation in the surgery studied and high statistical heterogeneity of effects between studies. However, the relevance to clinical outcomes was not included and only dexmedetomidine administered pre-operatively was reviewed [8]. Our review summarised the available animal data and also highlights the limited evidence for clonidine. Taken together, these data support a possible anti-inflammatory effect from α2 agonists but are inconclusive about the clinical importance of this finding.
There are several suggested mechanisms for an anti-inflammatory/immune regulatory effect from α2 agonists. These include modulation of macrophage/monocyte function through α2-receptor-mediated inhibition of apoptosis, central and peripheral α2-receptor agonist-mediated effects, direct or indirect central sympatholytic effects, stimulation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways, reduction in anxiety and stress, and indirect effects via anti-nociceptive and/or sedative effects. The studies included in our review do not enable the exact mechanisms to be conclusively elucidated, but those that included an antagonist [4, 18, 20, 25, 29, 30, 33, 35, 38, 44] mostly showed attenuation of α2 receptor agonist-mediated anti-inflammatory/immune regulatory effects suggesting a receptor-mediated effect is an important mechanism. This, however, was not a universal finding.
Whether anti-inflammatory effects are on a causative pathway to improved clinical outcomes in human critical illness is unproven. In the recent SPICE trial, which compared early dexmedetomidine based sedation with usual care (mostly propofol and/or midazolam) no overall mortality benefit was found and there was also no mortality benefit in a large sepsis sub-group (in whom an anti-inflammatory benefit may be most biological plausible) [15]. However, there were beneficial effects on both ventilation duration and delirium, and in a sub-group analysis the authors observed differences in the effect on mortality between younger (greater mortality with dexmedetomidine) and older (lower mortality with dexmedetomidine) patients for which the significance is uncertain. The mechanism of differential age-related effects of these agents is unexplained, but non-sedation related actions potentially, including immune/inflammatory modulation, might contribute. Further human studies are needed to explore whether the anti-inflammatory properties of α2-agonists are clinically important and whether differences between dexmedetomidine and clonidine might influence their modulation of clinical outcomes.
Our review has several limitations. Firstly, we used broad search terms to try and capture a wide range of studies, but we may have missed potentially relevant papers. Second, we cannot exclude publication bias especially for animal studies. Third, quantitative meta-analysis was not undertaken, because we did not consider this plausible or relevant for the identified literature; our data synthesis was therefore descriptive.
In conclusion, although the quality of animal and human studies is low, we have shown that α2 agonist drugs may potentially modify inflammatory and immune pathways in acute inflammatory conditions. Further work is required, especially in critically unwell humans, to explore mechanisms of action and whether these translate into improved patient outcomes.
PubMed, the Cochrane library, and Medline databases
ABT:
α-bungarotoxin
AKT:
Protein kinase b
Acute lung injury
APZ:
Atipamezole
ARDS:
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
CK18:
Cytokeratin 18
CLP:
Caecal ligation and puncture
COX2:
eNOS:
Endothelial derived nitric oxide
GABA:
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
HLA-DR:
Human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype
HMGB1:
High mobility group protein B1
IL-1β:
Interleukin-1β
IL-10:
IL-6:
iNOS:
IRI:
Ischaemia/reperfusion injury
MIP-2:
Macrophage inflammatory protein 2
MPO:
Myeloperoxidase
MyD88:
Myeloid differentiation primary response 88
NFκB:
Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NGAL:
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
nNOS:
Neuronal nitric oxide
PGE2:
Prostaglandin E2
Pi3k:
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PMN:
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils
TLR4:
Toll-like receptor 4
TNFα:
Tumour necrosis factor alpha
VEGF:
VILI:
Ventilator-associated lung injury
Gertler R, Brown HC, Mitchell DH, Silvius EN. Dexmedetomidine: a novel sedative-analgesic agent. Proc (Baylor Univ Med Cent). 2001;14(1):13–21.
Cruickshank M, Henderson L, MacLennan G, Fraser C, Campbell M, Blackwood B, et al. Alpha-2 agonists for sedation of mechanically ventilated adults in intensive care units: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess (Winchester, England). 2016;20(25):v–xx 1–117.
Chen K, Lu Z, Xin YC, Cai Y, Chen Y, Pan SM. Alpha-2 agonists for long-term sedation during mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;1:Cd010269.
Zhang Z, Chen K, Ni H, Zhang X, Fan H. Sedation of mechanically ventilated adults in intensive care unit: a network meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2017;7:44979.
Skrobik Y, Duprey MS, Hill NS, Devlin JW. Low-dose nocturnal dexmedetomidine prevents ICU delirium. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;197(9):1147–56.
Wang JG, Belley-Cote E, Burry L, Duffett M, Karachi T, Perri D, et al. Clonidine for sedation in the critically ill: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical care (London, England). 2017;21(1):75.
Cruz FF, Rocco PR, Pelosi P. Anti-inflammatory properties of anesthetic agents. Critical Care (London, England). 2017;21(1):67.
Li B, Li Y, Tian S, Wang H, Wu H, Zhang A, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of perioperative Dexmedetomidine administered as an adjunct to general anesthesia: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2015;5:12342.
Sanders RD, Hussell T, Maze M. Sedation & immunomodulation. Anesthesiol Clin. 2011;29(4):687–706.
Geloen A, Chapelier K, Cividjian A, Dantony E, Rabilloud M, May CN, et al. Clonidine and dexmedetomidine increase the pressor response to norepinephrine in experimental sepsis: a pilot study. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(12):e431–8.
Lankadeva YR, Booth LC, Kosaka J, Evans RG, Quintin L, Bellomo R, et al. Clonidine restores Pressor responsiveness to phenylephrine and angiotensin II in ovine sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(7):e221–9.
Morelli A, Sanfilippo F, Arnemann P, Hessler M, Kampmeier TG, D'Egidio A, et al. The effect of propofol and dexmedetomidine sedation on norepinephrine requirements in septic shock patients: a crossover trial. Crit Care Med. 2019;47(2):e89–95.
Pandharipande PP, Sanders RD, Girard TD, McGrane S, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, et al. Effect of dexmedetomidine versus lorazepam on outcome in patients with sepsis: an a priori-designed analysis of the MENDS randomized controlled trial. Critical Care (London, England). 2010;14(2):R38.
Kawazoe Y, Miyamoto K, Morimoto T, Yamamoto T, Fuke A, Hashimoto A, et al. Effect of dexmedetomidine on mortality and ventilator-free days in patients requiring mechanical ventilation with Sepsis: a randomized clinical trial. Jama. 2017;317(13):1321–8.
Shehabi Y, Howe BD, Bellomo R, Arabi YM, Bailey M, Bass FE, et al. Early Sedation with Dexmedetomidine in Critically Ill Patients. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(26):2506–2517.
Duan X, Coburn M, Rossaint R, Sanders RD, Waesberghe JV, Kowark A. Efficacy of perioperative dexmedetomidine on postoperative delirium: systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Anaesth. 2018;121(2):384–97.
Chen Y, Miao L, Yao Y, Wu W, Wu X, Gong C, et al. Dexmedetomidine ameliorate CLP-induced rat intestinal injury via inhibition of inflammation. Mediat Inflamm. 2015;2015:918361.
Jiang L, Li L, Shen J, Qi Z, Guo L. Effect of dexmedetomidine on lung ischemiareperfusion injury. Mol Med Rep. 2014;9(2):419–26.
Uysal HY, Cuzdan SS, Kayiran O, Basar H, Fidanci V, Afyoncu E, et al. Preventive effect of dexmedetomidine in ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Craniofac Surg. 2012;23(5):1287–91.
Kong W, Kang K, Gao Y, Liu H, Meng X, Yang S, et al. Dexmedetomidine alleviates LPS-induced septic cardiomyopathy via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in mice. Am J Transl Res. 2017;9(11):5040–7.
Hofer S, Steppan J, Wagner T, Funke B, Lichtenstern C, Martin E, et al. Central sympatholytics prolong survival in experimental sepsis. Crit Care. 2009;13(1):R11.
Wu Y, Liu Y, Huang H, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Lu F, et al. Dexmedetomidine inhibits inflammatory reaction in lung tissues of septic rats by suppressing TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway. Mediat Inflamm. 2013;2013:562154.
Zhang J, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhou G, Li H. The effect of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory response of septic rats. BMC Anesthesiol. 2015;15:68.
Shen J, Fu G, Jiang L, Xu J, Li L, Fu G. Effect of dexmedetomidine pretreatment on lung injury following intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. Exp Ther Med. 2013;6(6):1359–64.
Yang CL, Tsai PS, Huang CJ. Effects of dexmedetomidine on regulating pulmonary inflammation in a rat model of ventilator-induced lung injury. Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwanica. 2008;46(4):151–9.
Yang CL, Chen CH, Tsai PS, Wang TY, Huang CJ. Protective effects of dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination against ventilator-induced lung injury in endotoxemia rats. J Surg Res. 2011;167(2):e273–81.
Sugita S, Okabe T, Sakamoto A. Continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine improves renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat kidney. J Nippon Med Sch. 2013;80(2):131–9.
Loftus TJ, Thomson AJ, Kannan KB, Alamo IG, Millar JK, Plazas JM, et al. Clonidine restores vascular endothelial growth factor expression and improves tissue repair following severe trauma. Am J Surg. 2017;214(4):610–5.
Kang K, Gao Y, Wang SC, Liu HT, Kong WL, Zhang X, et al. Dexmedetomidine protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis-associated acute kidney injury via an alpha7 nAChR-dependent pathway. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;106:210–6.
Tan F, Chen Y, Yuan D, Gong C, Li X, Zhou S. Dexmedetomidine protects against acute kidney injury through downregulating inflammatory reactions in endotoxemia rats. Biomed Rep. 2015;3(3):365–70.
Taniguchi T, Kidani Y, Kanakura H, Takemoto Y, Yamamoto K. Effects of dexmedetomidine on mortality rate and inflammatory responses to endotoxin-induced shock in rats. Crit Care Med. 2004;32(6):1322–6.
Taniguchi T, Kurita A, Kobayashi K, Yamamoto K, Inaba H. Dose- and time-related effects of dexmedetomidine on mortality and inflammatory responses to endotoxin-induced shock in rats. J Anesth. 2008;22(3):221–8.
Xiang H, Hu B, Li Z, Li J. Dexmedetomidine controls systemic cytokine levels through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Inflammation. 2014;37(5):1763–70.
Qiao H, Sanders RD, Ma D, Wu X, Maze M. Sedation improves early outcome in severely septic Sprague Dawley rats. Crit Care. 2009;13(4):R136.
Feng X, Guan W, Zhao Y, Wang C, Song M, Yao Y, et al. Dexmedetomidine ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury in rats by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress via the GSK-3beta/Nrf2 signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234(10):18994–19009.
Xu L, Bao H, Si Y, Wang X. Effects of dexmedetomidine on early and late cytokines during polymicrobial sepsis in mice. Inflamm Res. 2013;62(5):507–14.
Zhang JR, Lin Q, Liang FQ, Xie T. Dexmedetomidine attenuates lung injury by promoting mitochondrial fission and oxygen consumption. Med Sci Monit. 2019;25:1848–56.
Szelenyi J, Kiss JP, Puskas E, Selmeczy Z, Szelenyi M, Vizi ES. Opposite role of alpha2- and beta-adrenoceptors in the modulation of interleukin-10 production in endotoxaemic mice. Neuroreport. 2000;11(16):3565–8.
Filos KS, Panteli ES, Fligou F, Papamichail C, Papapostolou I, Zervoudakis G, et al. Clonidine pre-treatment prevents hemorrhagic shock-induced endotoxemia and oxidative stress in the gut, liver, and lungs of the rat. Redox Rep. 2012;17(6):246–51.
Miranda ML, Balarini MM, Bouskela E. Dexmedetomidine attenuates the microcirculatory derangements evoked by experimental sepsis. Anesthesiology. 2015;122(3):619–30.
Koca U, Olguner CG, Ergur BU, Altekin E, Tasdogen A, Duru S, et al. The effects of dexmedetomidine on secondary acute lung and kidney injuries in the rat model of intra-abdominal sepsis. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013;2013:292687.
Zhang Y, Ran K, Zhang SB, Jiang L, Wang D, Li ZJ. Dexmedetomidine may upregulate the expression of caveolin1 in lung tissues of rats with sepsis and improve the shortterm outcome. Mol Med Rep. 2017;15(2):635–42.
Zhang J, Peng K, Zhang J, Meng X, Ji F. Dexmedetomidine preconditioning may attenuate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by down-regulating the HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-кB signaling pathway. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0172006.
Chen JH, Yu GF, Jin SY, Zhang WH, Lei DX, Zhou SL, et al. Activation of alpha2 adrenoceptor attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic injury. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(9):10752–9.
Sezer A, Memis D, Usta U, Sut N. The effect of dexmedetomidine on liver histopathology in a rat sepsis model: an experimental pilot study. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2010;16(2):108–12.
Shi QQ, Wang H, Fang H. Dose-response and mechanism of protective functions of selective alpha-2 agonist dexmedetomidine on acute lung injury in rats. Saudi Med J. 2012;33(4):375–81.
Yeh YC, Wu CY, Cheng YJ, Liu CM, Hsiao JK, Chan WS, et al. Effects of dexmedetomidine on intestinal microcirculation and intestinal epithelial barrier in endotoxemic rats. Anesthesiology. 2016;125(2):355–67.
Wu RS, Wu KC, Huang CC, Chiang YY, Chen CC, Liao CL, et al. Different cellular responses of dexmedetomidine at infected site and peripheral blood of emdotoxemic BALB/c mice. Environ Toxicol. 2014;30(12):1416–22.
Chen C, Zhang Z, Chen K, Zhang F, Peng M, Wang Y. Dexmedetomidine regulates inflammatory molecules contributing to ventilator-induced lung injury in dogs. J Surg Res. 2014;187(1):211–8.
Gao S, Wang Y, Zhao J, Su A. Effects of dexmedetomidine pretreatment on heme oxygenase-1 expression and oxidative stress during one-lung ventilation. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(3):3144–9.
Kang SH, Kim YS, Hong TH, Chae MS, Cho ML, Her YM, et al. Effects of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory responses in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2013;57(4):480–7.
Kim Y, Kang SH, Hong TH, Cho ML, Han HJ, Kwon SJ, et al. Effects of dexmedetomidine on the ratio of T helper 1 to T helper 2 cytokines in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Clin Anesth. 2014;26(4):281–5.
Tasdogan M, Memis D, Sut N, Yuksel M. Results of a pilot study on the effects of propofol and dexmedetomidine on inflammatory responses and intraabdominal pressure in severe sepsis. J Clin Anesth. 2009;21(6):394–400.
Venn RM, Bryant A, Hall GM, Grounds RM. Effects of dexmedetomidine on adrenocortical function, and the cardiovascular, endocrine and inflammatory responses in post-operative patients needing sedation in the intensive care unit. Br J Anaesth. 2001;86(5):650–6.
Zhou H, Lu J, Shen Y, Kang S, Zong Y. Effects of dexmedetomidine on CD42a(+)/CD14(+), HLADR(+)/CD14(+) and inflammatory cytokine levels in patients undergoing multilevel spinal fusion. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2017;160:54–8.
Ueki M, Kawasaki T, Habe K, Hamada K, Kawasaki C, Sata T. The effects of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory mediators after cardiopulmonary bypass. Anaesthesia. 2014;69(7):693–700.
Memis D, Hekimoglu S, Vatan I, Yandim T, Yuksel M, Sut N. Effects of midazolam and dexmedetomidine on inflammatory responses and gastric intramucosal pH to sepsis, in critically ill patients. Br J Anaesth. 2007;98(4):550–2.
Charles A. Flanders and Alistair S. Rocke contributed equally to this work.
Critical Care Department, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Charles A. Flanders
, Alistair S. Rocke
, J. Kenneth Baillie
& Timothy S. Walsh
Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Stuart A. Edwardson
The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
Timothy S. Walsh
Search for Charles A. Flanders in:
Search for Alistair S. Rocke in:
Search for Stuart A. Edwardson in:
Search for J. Kenneth Baillie in:
Search for Timothy S. Walsh in:
CAF, ASR, TSW, and SAE wrote the manuscript. JKB reviewed the manuscript and made significant alterations. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Timothy S. Walsh.
Charles A Flanders and Alistair S Rocke are joint first authors.
Additional file 1. PRISMA Checklist.
Additional file 2. Summary of animal studies.
Additional file 3. Detailed description of animal studies.
Additional file 4. Summary of human studies.
Additional file 5. Detailed description of human studies.
Flanders, C.A., Rocke, A.S., Edwardson, S.A. et al. The effect of dexmedetomidine and clonidine on the inflammatory response in critical illness: a systematic review of animal and human studies. Crit Care 23, 402 (2019) doi:10.1186/s13054-019-2690-4
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405828
|
__label__cc
| 0.579109
| 0.420891
|
Accessibility | Tools | News Feeds | Privacy
Congressman David Cicilline
Representing the 1st Congressional District of Rhode Island
Invite Me to Speak
Newsletter Subscribe / Unsubscribe
Pawtucket Office
Casework Success
Library of Congress Surplus Books Program
Protecting Yourself Against Fraud
Home » Media Center
Cicilline Introduces Bill to Drive Down Costs of Prescription Drugs
WASHINGTON – Democratic Policy and Communications Chair David N. Cicilline (RI-01) introduced the Affordable Prescriptions for Patients Through Promoting Competition Act of 2019 today to increase competition in the prescription drug market by prohibiting pharmaceutical companies from engaging in harmful “product hopping” that increases corporate profits at the expense of consumers.
“Pharmaceutical companies have used every abusive and anticompetitive tool at their disposal to increase their profits at the expense of hardworking folks,” said Cicilline, who has made combating anticompetitive conduct in the pharmaceutical marketplace a top priority in his role as Chair of the House Antitrust Subcommittee. “This is about more than just a corporation’s bottom line. This is life or death for tens of millions of Americans. It’s time for product hopping to be completely outlawed and for any bad actors to be held to account. House Democrats promised to get government working For The People again by lowering the costs of healthcare and prescription drugs, and I’m glad that this bill builds on the progress that we’ve made delivering on that promise.”
“Product hopping” is an anticompetitive practice used by drug manufacturers when their patent on a drug is near expiration. Companies use a wide array of tactics to switch patients from that drug to a new drug that they have the exclusive right to sell. The new drug often benefits the manufacturer’s bottom line by extending its ability to charge monopoly prices, but does not offer any new benefits to patients. Once the manufacturer makes the switch to the new drug that has no generic, cheaper alternative, patients get stuck paying higher prices—often for many years at a time.
While antitrust enforcers have taken some actions to curb anticompetitive product hopping, the Federal Trade Commission faces significant obstacles to combating all forms of this harmful practice under existing law. The Affordable Prescriptions for Patients Through Promoting Competition Act of 2019 would make prescription drugs more affordable for patients by strengthening the FTC’s ability to bring and win cases against drug companies that engage in all forms of product hopping.
Contact Congressman Cicilline
Welcome to the on-line office for Congressman David Cicilline. Please visit the Contact Me page to contact David electronically or click on the office location nearest you for details.
Hours: Monday-Friday 9:00AM-6:00PM Eastern time
1070 Main Street, Suite 300,
Hours: Monday-Friday 8:30AM-5:30PM
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405832
|
__label__wiki
| 0.74716
| 0.74716
|
Peabody’s proposal has been approved
Surprise and joy amongst Peabody’s team, huge relief on the officers faces. Peabody’s plan has been approved after more than 2 hours of “debate”. Motion to refuse proposed by Cllr Tony Belton was supported by Cllr Maurice Heaster and Cllr Angela Graham. Vote to approve (with minor conditions such as take photos of the lodges for memory!) was supported by 6 Cllrs: Nick Cuff (chair), Vanessa Graham, John Hallmark, Matthew Maxwell Scott, Guy Humphries and Steffi Sutters.
It all started before the meeting actually. In the afternoon, Councillors were told that Peabody was going to make a presentation to the members of the committee. It is against all rules, and only after the complaint of Cllr Martin Johnson they decided to replace Peabody with an officer (to speak with Peabody’s words!).
The gallery was full, and chairs were lined up in the room. Peabodys team was there of course (project manager Richard Stanway-Williams, director – and former project leader – Claire Benny, and other members of the project team).
A handful of residents of Peabody, lead by the chair of the resident association were there with posters to show support to the proposal. And the more than 50 other were local resident who raised objections and concerned by the detrimental effect of the plan.
They also opened a second room with video material as not everybody was able to fit in the meeting room.
It all started with a 5 minute speech from Cllr Martin Johnson (and on behalf of his ward colleagues, who contrary to practice, were not authorised to speak) who strongly put the case for refusal of the proposal on the ground of:
traffic: entrance misconceived on Comyn Road, pressure of additional vehicles;
bulk and massing: The plan is “over-bearing, over-dominant” and the councillor noted the “quite fortunately for this application, only a few months ago [1] the town centre boundary was changed to shift part of the site in which the towers were situated […] Even so, the officer says page 159 of the report there will be a substantial adverse impact when viewed from Clapham Junction station entrance“;
and children: Martin Johnson said that “one of the most serious long-term consequences of this proposal is the more than 200 children possibly living on the site“. The councillor does not feel that there is any approaching enough space for them.
He said that the Council should not recreate a “21st century Winstanley estate” (the towers block s on the north of the railway line built in the 1960’s) and that “Peabody has been exceptionally negligent with this proposal and hope they will completely reconsider their approach of the site“.
Expressions were low and depressed on faces of Peabody’s team.
Then followed a presentation by the officer of Peabody’s proposal with slide-show.
Councillor Hallmark started with question on the traffic and stress on existing roads but was “reassured” by the officers and even added that the entrance being only 20 meters away from Boutflower road it won’t have effect on car coming into Comyn road (forgetting that car can drive both ways!). It was apparent that he was not against the scheme.
On traffic, Cllr Heaster said that having experience with figures, “you can make them say one thing or another” and that they “are looking at a site which is already decanting and not at its full capacity“. He said that he cannot see “how you can expect only a handful of additional traffic nuisance” (round of claps from the audience). He added that from his own experience, “Comyn Road is a notoriously narrow road that has a lot of problems with traffic flows and cannot bear more“(round of claps from the audience). Cllr Heaster said he wanted something that he can “be proud of, and wondered how he can be proud of something that is pushing the problems towards the residential areas” and thinks that there is enough reasons simply on transport to demonstrate the plan is flawed and that it should be rejected.
Cllr Humphries made a comment saying that Comyn road should be made a one-way road (round of applaud), but officers said that it raises other problems and could have adverse consequences on the other streets.
Cllr Angela Graham said that she went to visit the estate ( to know what she was talking about) and she thinks that officers are under-estimating the consequences because of the number of families who will live on the site, especially with the introduction of active frontages and people stopping before them.
Cllr Belton highlighted that “with the march of the skyscrapers coming along from Vauxall and the river valley, we are now talking about 5 blocks on top of the hill which will make them much more significant than on the river front“. And he think a 12-storey block would set a precedent. He asked about the change of the boundaries of the town centre which is “clearly designed to include the 12 storey-block“. He said he will have “real problem with this application on the base of the height alone” (many claps in the audience).
Again the officers lied and even found new justifications saying that it was on the demand of the Clapham Junction Town Centre partnership and in view of the new Brighton Yard station entrance (which was never put forward as a reason before!).
Cllr Heaster added also that buildings should be of quality, architectural merit for the high blocks, which is not achieved with the proposal. He sees ground to “refuse this proposal on the basis of height, massing and density of this proposal“. He asked for clarification to know how high (in term of meters) the buildings are… which the chair, Cllr Cuff, rebuked saying more or less that it was irrelevant.
The officers said that the tall buildings passed the 15 points test … we have shown in our letter that all the members of the committee have received on Monday that it was flawed, wrong and a lie to declare such pass (read our comments on the failure for the 15 tests HERE).
Cllr Angela Graham added that she agrees that it was very dense, and the she has also think the design (a long wall of blocks along the railway) could be better.
Cllr Sutters said that she wanted to put things into perspective and it was not a mini-Manhatan (which Cllr Belton referred to commenting on Vauxall) and that it was “technically a very good scheme” that ticks a lot of boxes, but she was “unhappy with the views on St Johns Hill“, it looks that the building adjacent to the Victorian terrace does not really work. She noticed “different irritating things about the design, including the way the elevation are done” as long corridor of blocks are an absolute “no-no” for plenty of reasons and “they are not good“.
Cllr Vanessa Graham said she was concerned with the landscaping and she was not satisfied and think that we need much more soft surface, not mainly hard surface: “it cannot be only hard surface!” and that they need a really strong condition on the need of soft landscaping. Regarding the lodges, heritage of the past masonry school, there should be also a strong condition that the buildings should be photographed, surveyed and reports made.
Eventually Cllr Belton proposed a rejection on the ground of the over-bearing proportion, massing, height, traffic implication (round of applaud).
With Conservative Cllrs Heaster and Angela Graham supporting the reasons for refusal of Labour Cllr Belton, and with Cllr Sutters talking about being unhappy with irritating aspects of the scheme and Cllr Vanessa Graham asking for strong review of the hard surface landscaping, along with comments from Cllrs Humphries and Maxwell Scott, it seemed clear to the audience that there were a lot of criticisms and rejection was on its way; people from Peabody were looking nervous and pessimistic on the outcome, glaring at the officers as if they really needed to reverse the tide!
However it became clear that the vote was fixed when the chair, Cllr Nick Cuff said at 9.30pm: “I’ve got the feeling that it might be a tight vote here“.
Cllr Belton’s motion (seconded by Cllr Heaster) said:
The Council is not satisfied by the development proposed and failure of the tests from Policy DMS3 by virtue of inappropriate height, bulk and massing on the brow of the hill, over-bearing impact on Comyn Road and Eckstein Road, inappropriate visual impact on St Johns Hill and Brighton Yard and insufficient quality on the architectural merit of an unprecedented height proposed in Clapham Junction.
Cllr Belton, Cllr Heaster and Cllr A. Graham, only 3 out of 9 members, voted in favour. It was rejected.
At that point it was possible to put forward another motion, or to abstain and not approve the scheme as such. You know what happened:
Cllr Sutters, Cllr V. Graham, Cllr Scott, Cllr Hallmark and the chair, Cllr Cuff voted to follow the recommendation of the officer and approve the scheme!
SHAME shouted the audience!
At the end of our letter to the Committee members (that most of them have ignored!) we wrote:
The opportunity exists for the Planning Committee to send a clear message based on the views of many hundreds of local residents. Any failure to do so will result in years of continued wrangling over the type of scheme which might be considered acceptable and the ways in which the community’s interests might best be served.
Here we are. Unfortunately you can be prepared with more pressure for filling Clapham Junction with taller buildings, starting with the station (for the record I bet 20 storeys on next application).
The first thing you can do, and that you really should do, in regard of the poor consideration given to your objection by the the 6 committee members, is to let them now how shameful their attitude has been.
Conservative Councillors told us they received enormous pressure from the party and from Ravi Govindia, leader of Wandsworth Council (although it seen as illegal to apply the whip of such committee!!) – feel free to include him in your correspondence: rgovindia@wandsworth.gov.uk
Everyone should now write a word, send a little email to the different Councillors who voted in favour of this flawed scheme, ignoring all the breach of the policies(we showed that it breaches Council policies DMS1, DMS4, DMPD, DMH1, DMT1), ignoring all the information and analysis we have been sending, ignoring their ward colleagues who know the area and most of all, ignoring the 300 local residents who have written letters to explain their objections!
EMAIL AND SHAME:
Councillor Guy Humphries
ghumphries@wandsworth.gov.uk;
Councillor John Hallmark
jhallmark@wandsworth.gov.uk;
Councillor Matthew Maxwell Scott
mmaxwellscott@wandsworth.gov.uk;
Councillor Nick Cuff (Chairman)
ncuff@wandsworth.gov.uk;
Councillor Steffi Sutters (former chair of the Putney Society, DOUBLE SHAME!)
ssutters@wandsworth.gov.uk;
Councillor Mrs. Vanessa Graham
vgraham@wandsworth.gov.uk;
The second thing is to alert directly the Board members of Peabody of the arrogant (ignorant of the local community) attitude of their team.
company.secretary@peabody.org.uk (say to address to the Board’s members)
peabody.news@peabody.org.uk
peabody.direct@peabody.org.uk
As one of my neighbour put:
“I don’t understand what the process of planning consultancy is about? If over 300 people have objected and nothing is done – what is the purpose of having a process at all?“
Yes, we wonder…
[1] We reported here and sent numerous warning on consequences!
This entry was posted in Peabody by Cyril Richert. Bookmark the permalink.
2 thoughts on “Peabody’s proposal has been approved”
Denise Rychert on July 21, 2012 at 6:00 am said:
Hmm 300 objections and 351 Peabody residents who deserve better living accommodation … maybe they listened to the people who matter!
Cyril Richert on July 21, 2012 at 6:33 am said:
Denise Rychert>The Council received 4 support letters against 300 objections. With your assumption that the 4 support letters represent 351 people and a bit of maths, we can deduct that the 300 objections represent …26325 local resident ignored…
Does it work like this? You forget also that 30% of the estate was already decanting and the Council received 40 objections of current Peabody’s tenants.
Last but not least, everyone I heard (including CJAG) always said Peabody deserves a redevelopment. However not at the detriment of the rest of the community.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405836
|
__label__wiki
| 0.994328
| 0.994328
|
Beauty brands tap TikTok influencers for holiday campaigns
Elizabeth Culliford
Dec 24 (Reuters) - In a TikTok video with the hashtag #awesomekiss, viral teen star Charli D'Amelio uses an eos Products lipbalm before kissing the screen and transforming into a dancing, costumed Santa in an ad for her 12 million followers.
Just over a year after TikTok officially launched U.S. brand partnerships, major brands are tapping influencers on the social video app for holiday campaigns.
The Chinese-owned app, which has come under scrutiny from U.S. lawmakers and regulators over concerns around its data handling and content moderation, has made a push to attract U.S. advertisers. It is testing a biddable option for certain ads, piloting in-app shopping features and has shown up at marketing events such as Cannes Lions Festival. In September, it launched a test "creator marketplace," a service which matches up brands and influencers.
"I think if we do a good job surfacing creators and brands to one another then that's winning for us," said Vanessa Pappas, TikTok's U.S. general manager, in a phone interview.
Reuters spoke to several marketing heads and agencies who worked on recent TikTok campaigns for cosmetic companies eos, NARS Cosmetics, e.l.f Cosmetics, whose 'Eyes. Lips. Face.' campaign recently scored more than 4 billion TikTok views, and Estée Lauder-owned MAC Cosmetics, which spends about 75% of its media budget on digital and influencer marketing.
They saw TikTok, which is owned by tech giant Beijing ByteDance Technology Co, as a cost-effective way to raise brand awareness with younger audiences.
TikTok's sponsored "hashtag challenges," where high-profile influencers begin video trends, are one of the main ways for companies to advertise on the app.
To improve brands' experiences on the app, the cosmetic companies and agencies said TikTok would need to improve analytics and introduce more in-app shopping features.
Facebook-owned Instagram has stepped up its e-commerce game this year, trialing features that let U.S. users shop from the app and let some creators tag products in posts.
TikTok is testing e-commerce features, such as adding shoppable product links to videos.
"We went into it (the holiday campaign) very much knowing that commerce and revenue coming through TikTok wouldn't be the goal," said Soyoung Kang, chief marketing officer at eos, which spends under 10% of its marketing budget on TikTok. "The goal was specifically to engage with a platform that's just growing like wildfire."
Not all brands are convinced. Social marketing agencies cited client concerns ranging from whether TikTokers' DIY musical content suited prestige brands to uncertainty over how to track returns on their investment.
"We know there's a lot we could be doing in terms of providing third-party data and beefing up on some of those industry metrics," said TikTok's Pappas, who previously worked with creators at YouTube, the video-streaming site of Alphabet-owned Google.
A demo version of TikTok's relatively small online creator marketplace, seen by Reuters, showed that brands can search for influencers by attributes such as reach or by details about their audience, including region, age and gender. Brands can invite influencers to talk and then go off-platform to manage contract negotiations.
Instagram last week announced it would allow some U.S. creators to use Facebook's "Brand Collabs Manager" tool, to source deals and automatically share analytics.
TikTok advertisers also told Reuters they were monitoring headlines about the app. The U.S. government has launched a national security review of its owner ByteDance's $1 billion acquisition of U.S. social media platform Musical.ly.
TikTok has said that it moderates content independently from China and stores no U.S. user data there.
"If there is any information that comes to light that we feel doesn't reflect the values that we want to espouse then we would re-evaluate where we would want to spend our money," said eos's chief marketing officer Kang.
Reporting by Elizabeth Culliford in London; Editing by Lisa Shumaker
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405850
|
__label__wiki
| 0.887366
| 0.887366
|
CNN NEWSEntertainment‘Real Housewives’ stars reveal their plastic surgery secrets
‘Real Housewives’ stars reveal their plastic surgery secrets
NEW YORK – The women of “The Real Housewives” franchises aren’t afraid of being completely candid with their fans and the Bravo audience.
So much so, they even speak openly of something that is still taboo to discuss in society: plastic surgery.
Most don’t admit it, but “Real Housewives of Atlanta” star Porsha Williams, “Real Housewives of New Jersey” star Melissa Gorga, and “Real Housewives of New York City” star Sonja Morgan are proud to talk about getting “work done.”
HEIDI MONTAG ADMITS SHE GOT PLASTIC SURGERY BECAUSE OF INTERNET TROLLS
“New nose, who this?!” Morgan, 55, told Fox News. “I was fine before but I wanted to have a little work done.”
“Being on the ‘Housewives’ we’re all very open and honest with every that we do. ‘Housewives’ are known for that,” said Gorga, 40. “None of us have hidden that we’ve had noses done or boobs done or people have had injections.
“It’s about doing what you want to do to make yourself feel confident,” the mother-of-three added.
“Overall for me when we talk about getting work done is just overall thinking, overall wellness, eating healthy, being conscious,” explained Williams, 38, who also makes no bones about getting a breast enhancement.
‘REAL HOUSEWIVES’ STAR JENNIFER AYDIN’S PLASTIC SURGERY TRANSFORMATION: ‘MY HUSBAND CONTOURED MY BACK’
The women dropped a music video last week in partnership with Fiber One Brownies which went through a rebranding makeover. Also featured in the video are fellow “Wives” Dorinda Medley and Tamra Judge.
As for the critics out there who have keyboard courage when it comes to commenting on someone else’s look, Gorga said: “Being in pop culture the way that we are, we’ve learned to basically have thick skin. You need to feel good about yourself.”
Melissa Gorga (L), Porsha Williams (C), and Sonja Morgan (R)
(Fiber One )
“There’s always going to be scrutiny but it really is about self-confidence and owning who you are,” she added. “If you want to get work done, good for you. Do what makes you happy.”
“It’s about being your truest self,” Morgan chimed in.
Williams agreed the scrutiny can be rough. “You’re under a microscope,” she said. “Whenever I’m around any of the girls it’s all love because we understand each other’s lives.”
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405851
|
__label__wiki
| 0.944911
| 0.944911
|
/ Anime
My Hero Academia: Heroes Rising
Pokemon: Detective Pikachu
Attack on Titan Rumored to Switch Studios Following Season 3
By Megan Peters - May 20, 2019 01:39 pm EDT
Attack on Titan is back on television with its final season, and the comeback has been plenty successful. With fans calling season three’s back half the best yet of the series, hype it at a high for the Survey Corps. But if a new rumor is true, then it looks like Attack on Titan is in for a shake up.
After all, it sounds like the anime may be parting from its original production studio, leaving fans scared for its future.
Over on social media, fans have been pouring over the reports leading up to this Attack on Titan story. The whole ordeal began when a Chinese animator contracted by WIT Studios posted a note on Weibo about their work on the anime.
"[Work on] the last episode of Shingeki no Kyojin has started. From 2012 to now, from when Zhenglei (Thundray) and I started with the 2nd episode in the series to the 59th one now - eight years have passed. Back then, I was only 29-years-old, and now I'm 37. This is a series that accompanied me in my formidable years as a key animator, but it also trained group after group of Chinese animators. It allowed them to grow and experience what a high-level production of 2D animation is like. For this final episode, let us anticipate it together,” the post reads (via Reddit).
Continuing, the animator went on to answer a question about his comment and said this season is “the final one”. Of course, this note has confused fans as season three is far from adapting the entirety of Attack on Titan as the manga isn’t even finished yet. This rumor grew as this same translator shared new posts detailing why WIT Studios is reportedly leaving Attack on Titan behind.
"My source says that a lot of complicated reasons caused this. For sure it's not simply because WIT wanted to abandon the series or other abrupt reasons like that, since most of the key staff members are huge fans of the original manga. With this basis hopefully WIT will return as the studio in future years (Even though I was told multiple times that even the chance of them returning is nearly zero)."
Adding to this, noted anime profiler Yonkou Productions hit up Twitter to tell his followers a similar story. At this point, neither WIT Studios nor Kodansha have said anything official about the alleged separation, but fans are plenty nervous. WIT Studios has overseen Attack on Titan since the start and turned the anime into the powerhouse it is today. A changing of hands means lots of uncertainty for the series, and history has not always been kind to such change. Most recently, the controversial studio swap done for One-Punch Man is being blamed for turning the show’s second season into a miserable letdown, so netizens are already bracing themselves for whatever is to come for Eren Jaeger next.
So, what do you make of this troubling report? Let me know in the comments or hit me up on Twitter @MeganPetersCB to talk all things comics and anime!
Attack on Titan was originally created by Hajime Isayama, and the series has since been collected into 23 volumes as of 2017. It's set in a world where the last remnants of humanity live within a walled city in order to escape the danger of the Titans, a race of giants monsters that eats humans. The lead character, Eren Yeager, ends up joining the military with his two childhood friends Mikasa and Armin after the Titans break through the wall and attack his hometown. Now Eren, Mikasa, and Armin must survive in a world where they not only have the Titans to fear, but the very humans they are trying to save. You can currently find the series streaming on Crunchyroll, Funimation, and Saturday nights on Adult Swim's Toonami block.
Kansas City Chiefs Celebrate Big Win with Attack on Titan Promo
When Are We Getting a New Sailor Moon Game?
My Hero Academia Cosplay Gives Suneater Cool Genderbent Spin
Dragon Ball Z: Kakarot Makes Controversial Piccolo Retcon
JoJo's Bizarre Adventure Cosplay Brings Rare Trish Look to Life
My Hero Academia Teases Mirio's Heroic Future
Dragon Ball Reveals New Details About Dr. Gero and Android 16
My Hero Academia Reveals Nana Shimura's Quirk
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405856
|
__label__wiki
| 0.961283
| 0.961283
|
/ StarWars
Rogue One Prequel Series
Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker Will Explore Finn's Backstory
By Charlie Ridgely - December 2, 2019 03:11 pm EST
So much of the current trilogy of Star Wars films has focused on the stories of Kylo Ren and Rey, who represent the two sides of the Force in this generation of the Saga. Their origins have been part of the main plot thread since Star Wars: The Force Awakens in 2015, but other characters like Poe and Finn have had slightly fuzzier histories. We know that Finn was a stormtrooper who defected to the Resistance, but that's about it. Fortunately, there will be a lot more information about Finn and where he comes from in Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker.
During an interview with Vanity Fair, Rise of Skywalker director J.J. Abrams explained that the origins of Finn will finally be explored in the new movie, answering many of the questions that fans have been asking about the character since the new trilogy began.
"It's part of the story in this one," Abrams said. "And it was alluded to in Episode VII, but there's a bit more light shed on that in this one."
It won't just be Finn getting some backstory added in The Rise of Skywalker, either, according to Abrams. The director went on to say that several key characters from the movie will have questions about their past answered.
"I would say that each of the characters get more light shed on their histories," he added. "I'm not saying we get full, exhaustive downloads on all of their childhoods and every major step that got them to where they are. But there are a lot of questions about Finn's past, about Poe's past, obviously Rey and Kylo, and then some of the new characters we meet."
That may sound like a daunting task, adding backstories to all of these characters when the movie itself is already trying to wrap up four decades worth Star Wars. But Abrams wants The Rise of Skywalker to be all about closure, for its characters as well as its overall narrative.
"We went into this movie very much in the mindset that this has to be conclusive. It has to. You have to get some answers. You have to learn some things" Abrams explained. "For me personally, the fun of it is the excitement of what comes next, what comes down the line. It makes beginnings tantalizing and exciting because hopefully the audience will feel the same feeling you have, which is, 'Ooh, I think I know where this is going. Let's see how we get there.'"
Are you looking forward to seeing Finn's backstory unfold in The Rise of Skywalker? Let us know in the comments!
Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker arrives in theaters on December 20th.
The Witcher Crosses Over With The Mandalorian and Baby Yoda in New Artwork
Star Wars: Joonas Suotamo Shares Throwback Photo to The Rise of Skywalker Premiere Featuring Simon Pegg
Star Wars: Former Episode IX Director Colin Trevorrow Confirms New Art Isn't From His Movie
Super Smash Bros. Players Perfectly Recreate Star Wars "High Ground" Meme
Star Wars: HIlarious Kylo Ren Easter Egg Everyone Missed in Cartoon Network Series
Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker's Ian McDiarmid Hopes George Lucas Likes the Movie
Ed Sheeran's Mysterious Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker Cameo Finally Revealed
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405857
|
__label__wiki
| 0.732373
| 0.732373
|
Home > Volume 86 Issue 38 > Near-IR Imaging Goes Further
Volume 86 Issue 38 | pp. 74-77
Issue Date: September 22, 2008
Near-IR Imaging Goes Further
New dyes open door to biomedical applications of near-IR imaging
By Celia Henry Arnaud
Department: Science & Technology, ACS News
The FLARE system uses near-IR imaging to guide surgeons.
Credit: Courtesy of John Frangioni
NEAR-INFRARED IMAGING for medical applications has long faced a chicken-and-egg problem. At first, researchers saw no need to develop instruments because there were so few dyes for highlighting biological features. At the same time, the lack of instruments discouraged the synthesis of improved dyes.
Forward-looking researchers haven't let that conundrum stop them. Medical researchers who use near-IR imaging for medical applications, and synthetic and analytical chemists who design new dyes and methods, described advances in the field during a symposium sponsored by the Division of Analytical Chemistry at last month's American Chemical Society national meeting in Philadelphia.
Near-IR imaging is attractive because it circumvents some of the problems associated with fluorescence imaging in the visible region. Although they are bright, visible dyes must compete with strong background fluorescence from the biological sample itself. This autofluorescence is diminished in the near-IR because few biological molecules fluoresce in that spectral region.
Near-IR imaging is already peering into the tough-to-study lymphatic system. Described as "the forgotten circulatory system" by speakers Eva M. Sevick-Muraca of the University of Texas Brown Institute of Molecular Imaging and Peter L. Choyke of the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, the lymphatic system is a network of conduits throughout the body that serves as the body's drainage system. It is involved in homeostasis and the production of immune cells. Its most famous role, however, may be in cancer metastasis. Finding cancer cells in the lymphatic system is a sure sign that a cancer is spreading from one area of the body to another.
Sevick-Muraca and Choyke each chronicled their efforts to use near-IR imaging of the lymph nodes—organs that act as filters for the lymph vessels—to monitor the spread of cancer and guide treatment. For patients newly diagnosed with cancer, monitoring the lymph nodes is important, Sevick-Muraca said, because the presence of cancer in lymph nodes determines the level of treatment in many types of cancer.
Physicians usually examine lymph nodes for signs of cancer first by finding the nodes closest to the tumor, commonly known as sentinel nodes. This is typically done by injecting radioactive imaging agents near the tumor and using scintigraphy to determine which lymph nodes the radiolabel reaches first. These sentinel nodes are then surgically removed and tested for the presence of cancer cells; if they are cancer-free, no other lymph nodes need to be removed. Noninvasive near-IR fluorescent imaging agents that target cancer cells could allow much faster and more direct analysis without surgery, Sevick-Muraca said.
Moving the technology into the clinic requires that researchers demonstrate that the method is sensitive enough to detect the imaging agent noninvasively. Sevick-Muraca has used near-IR imaging to visualize the lymphatic system in 77 subjects, including breast cancer patients. Even using a nonspecific, low-efficiency dye that can't be conjugated to a target, her team was able to show that they could use the method to image lymph nodes noninvasively. "If we can image lymph nodes with a dim, nonspecific dye, we can do it with more efficient fluorescent dyes that can be attached to molecules that target or stick to cancer cells," she said. With properly optimized dyes, she predicts that near-IR imaging will be far more sensitive than techniques involving radionuclide-based agents.
Also within the context of near-IR imaging for looking at the lymphatic system, Choyke described his work with nanocrystalline particles known as quantum dots. QDs emit at various wavelengths depending on their size. He showed that he could resolve five different lymphatic drainage fields in the same animal using QDs with different emission wavelengths. At the moment, Choyke noted, such extensive multicolor imaging "may be a solution in search of a problem."
Color Cope
Quantum dots with different emission wavelengths label five different regions of the mouse lymphatic system.
Credit: Courtesy of Peter Choyke
NEAR-IR IMAGING of lymph nodes could also find its way to the operating room. John V. Frangioni, a physician and researcher at Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center, in Boston, and Harvard Medical School, is developing technology to use near-IR imaging instead of radiolabeling to guide sentinel-node-removal surgery. His FLARE (Fluorescence-Assisted Resection & Exploration) system combines near-IR imaging with color video. He uses light-emitting diodes to excite heptamethine indocyanine dyes that are injected near the tumor. The near-IR images are superimposed on the video that the physicians watch as they operate. The hope is that the images can guide surgeons to remove only as much lymph-node tissue as needed.
In one example using FLARE, near-IR imaging identified a lymph node during a clinical study that other methods would have suggested was not a problem, Frangioni said. The surgeon removed the lymph node and subsequent pathology workups revealed that it did contain cancer cells.
Such medical applications depend on having appropriate dyes. When near-IR imaging was a new technique a decade ago, researchers relied on the dyes that already were available. Now, organic chemists are synthesizing new near-IR dyes with attractive spectral properties that can be used in a variety of applications.
A popular class of near-IR dyes is the phthalocyanines. These dyes have only a moderate fluorescence quantum yield, but their stability and resistance to photobleaching means that they still emit plenty of photons, said Robert P. Hammer, an organic chemist at Louisiana State University. A key component of these nitrogen-rich macrocycles is their peripheral groups that improve solubility or provide handles to conjugate the dyes to their biological targets.
Hammer described his efforts to synthesize asymmetrically substituted phthalocyanines. Asymmetric dyes with various peripheral groups are difficult to synthesize in solution, Hammer said, because "you get a little of the asymmetric in a sea of symmetric."
Through judicious choice of starting materials and solid-phase synthesis, the asymmetric dye is linked to a resin bead and the symmetric phthalocyanines can be washed away. Through the solid-phase approach, Hammer and his coworkers have prepared several water-soluble, functionalized phthalocyanine dyes, including amino, hydroxylamine, and "click ready" azide group derivatives for conjugation.
Another class of near-IR dyes is the squaraines, which have good photophysical properties for imaging. These dyes, however, have two significant problems—chemical instability caused by nucleophilic attacks on the cyclobutene dication, and the tendency to form nonfluorescent aggregates. To protect against these problems, Bradley D. Smith, an organic chemist at the University of Notre Dame, wants to give them "bulletproof vests"—a rotaxane macrocycle, that encircle the squaraine core (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5528).
Smith's group added bacterial-cell-targeting moieties to one of the squaraine-rotaxanes and used it to image a Staphylococcus aureus infection in a mouse. The dye targets the surface of the bacteria cells. The researchers inject the bacteria into the mouse's thigh and the dye into the mouse's tail vein. The fluorescent signal builds up over the course of three hours, Smith said, and washes out again in 18 hours. Therefore, it can be used for sequential imaging within the same animal, Smith said.
Robert M. Strongin, an organic chemist at Portland State University, wants to synthesize fluorescent dyes with large enough Stokes shifts—the difference between absorption and emission wavelengths—that they can be excited with visible light, but detected in the near-IR. That opens more possibilities for using multiple dyes in single imaging procedures. At the symposium, he described a family of dyes—the seminaphthofluorones—that fit the bill (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2008, 105, 8829).
The dyes in this family are benzoxanthenes which are synthesized using 1,6-dihydroxynaphthalene as the starting material. Other dihydroxynaphthalene isomers produce dyes that differ in the orientation of the aromatic rings and the location of the hydroxyl moieties. These structural changes allow Strongin to tune the spectral properties of the dyes.
One of these dyes, a linearly annulated compound called SNAFR-6, fluoresces in the near-IR when excited with blue-green light, representing a Stokes shift of nearly 200 nm. Strongin used SNAFR-6 in cellular imaging studies. Simultaneously staining the cells with organelle-specific dyes revealed that SNAFR-6 primarily localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, an extensive membrane system, and lysosomes, which carry digestive enzymes.
Gabor Patonay, an analytical chemistry professor at Georgia State University, described research that he is doing with his colleagues, organic chemists Lucjan Strekowski and Maged M. Henary, to develop carbocyanine dyes for near-IR imaging. Because these dyes act as noncovalent labels that form equilibrium complexes with their targets, excess dye is needed to ensure complete labeling. However, this excess dye generates background fluorescence.
The GSU researchers switch off the unwanted background fluorescence by incorporating polymeric linkers that force two dye molecules close together, quenching their fluorescence. When the dimer binds to its target, the two dye molecules separate and fluoresce again. The length and composition of the linker determines how effectively the fluorescence is turned off and on. The best results can be achieved with 10- or 12-unit connectors, Patonay said.
For imaging applications, near-IR dyes must be water soluble. Bis(carbocyanines) with all-carbon linkers have limited solubility in water. To improve the solubility, Patonay and coworkers use poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) linkers instead. They call the new dyes OxoDyes. Only the dye with two PEG units works as a noncovalent label, he said. Because of the additional flexibility provided by these PEG groups, researchers can use OxoDyes to map changes in the secondary structure of proteins, such as the switch from α-helix to β-sheet, Patonay said.
The symposium title asked "how near and how far" is near-IR imaging, not just in terms of wavelength but in terms of acceptance. It may still be farther than researchers would like, but it's moving nearer all the time.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405860
|
__label__wiki
| 0.720518
| 0.720518
|
Home > Volume 93 Issue 22 > A Single-Molecule Diode That Works
Volume 93 Issue 22 | p. 7 | News of The Week
Issue Date: June 1, 2015
A Single-Molecule Diode That Works
Molecular Electronics: Simple approach yields high-performing circuit element
By Mitch Jacoby
News Channels: Organic SCENE, Materials SCENE, Nano SCENE
Keywords: single molecule, molecular electronics, diode, miniaturization
A single-molecule diode consisting of a thiophene dioxide oligomer suspended between two gold electrodes (top and bottom) in contact with an ionic solution provides unprecedented control of current flow. C is blue, S is gold, and O is red.
Credit: Venkataraman group/Columbia U
Forty years ago, scientists theorized that a single molecule could function as a diode—an electronic circuit element that allows current to flow in one direction but not the other.
Now, a team led by Latha Venkataraman and Luis M. Campos of Columbia University and Jeffrey B. Neaton of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has demonstrated a simple way to make low-voltage, single-molecule diodes that perform extremely well (Nat. Nanotechnol. 2015, DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2015.97). In fact, their rectification ratio—a measure of how much current flows in one direction across the diode versus the other—is nearly 50 times as high as earlier designs.
In the ongoing push to make ever smaller and more powerful circuitry, researchers have demonstrated that various types of basic circuit elements crucial to today’s electronics can be miniaturized to the point that their functions are controlled by a single molecule. But single-molecule versions of diodes had remained elusive: Many had been made, but they tended to work poorly.
Those previous efforts had typically relied on asymmetric molecules featuring electron donor and acceptor moieties to control the direction of current flow. These diodes often had low rectification ratios and required a substantial voltage push to work at all. In contrast, the Columbia-Lawrence Berkeley team used symmetric molecules, thiophene dioxide oligomers, and instead induced asymmetry at the diode’s electrodes.
Specifically, the researchers suspended an oligomer between the tiny gold tip of a scanning tunneling microscope and a much larger gold substrate. By immersing the molecule-electrode junction in an ionic solution of propylene carbonate, a polar solvent, the team caused positive and negative ions to accumulate at the electrodes, thereby creating an asymmetric chemical environment around the circuit. Under those conditions, the diode worked extremely well. When the team replaced the polar solvent with an apolar one, the device did not work.
Noting that the data “show the rectification very clearly,” Northwestern University’s Mark A. Ratner says, “The results are impressive.” It was Ratner together with Arieh Aviram who first proposed single-molecule rectification on theoretical grounds 40 years ago. Ratner points out that this method’s reliance on a liquid would likely cause challenges when it comes to device application, however.
Gemma C. Solomon, a molecular electronics specialist at the University of Copenhagen, notes that part of the strength of this approach is that it does not require control over the orientation of the molecule in the junction. That simplification widens the scope of applicability of this approach, she says.
Dave Moonay, Ph.D. (June 3, 2015 2:00 PM)
'Very "cool"; 'Nice work!
Claudio Verani (June 4, 2015 12:52 PM)
These are outstanding results for the field, and will unquestionably broaden the number of candidate molecules for this function.
It should be noted, however, that such a short report cannot make justice to the complexity of the issue. Due recognition should be given to the efforts made by many other groups that shaped the field, in particular to the research of Robert Metzger on probing experimentally the existence of unimolecular rectification proposed by Aviran and Ratner.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405861
|
__label__wiki
| 0.544131
| 0.544131
|
Home > Volume 96 Issue 6 > Protein mirror images could generate long-lasting biologics
Volume 96 Issue 6 | p. 6 | News of The Week
Issue Date: February 5, 2018 | Web Date: February 1, 2018
Protein mirror images could generate long-lasting biologics
Peptides and proteins designed from D-protein helix database work longer in cells than natural biologic drugs
By Stu Borman
News Channels: Biological SCENE
Keywords: Drug discovery, chirality, Protein Data Bank (PDB), retro-inversion, mirror-image phage display
Technique generates a database of potentially protease-evading D-peptides in two easy steps.
Credit: Adapted from PNAS
Peptide- and protein-based biologic drugs have a problem. Enzymes in the body called proteases break down the linkages between L-amino acids in natural peptides and proteins. As a result, biologics typically have short lifetimes in the body and need to be injected or infused instead of taken as pills.
Synthetic analogs of natural peptides and proteins consisting of D-amino acids are safe from proteases. But drugmakers can’t just change L-amino acids to D-amino acids because this alters the orientation of the molecules’ sidechains, disrupting the way a peptide or protein drug binds to its target.
Two techniques, retroinversion and mirror-image phage display (MIPD), can create D-amino-acid analogs of natural bioactive peptides and proteins that bind targets effectively. But retroinversion—reversing a peptide’s sequence and changing its amino acids to D-versions—is ineffective for peptides with α-helical binding motifs because it doesn’t change the direction of helix rotation, causing helical binding features to be oriented differently than in natural peptides. And MIPD—screening libraries to find L-peptides that bind D-versions of drug targets and then synthesizing the corresponding D-peptides—doesn’t work for large protein targets such as G protein-coupled receptors because those targets are too hard to synthesize.
Philip M. Kim, postdoc Michael Garton, and coworkers at the University of Toronto have now devised a way to make D and D-protein analogs that can bind most biological targets (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2018, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711837115).
They computationally generated a D version of every protein in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), creating the D-PDB, and extracted the D-proteins’ α-helices into more than 2.8 million separate database files. They then used known drug-target interactions to screen the helix database for D-helices with binding features positioned similarly to those of natural peptide and protein drugs. To create matches for drugs that bind in complex ways, the researchers made short D-strands by retroinversion and used the strands to link D-helices into three-part D-analogs.
Kim and coworkers used the method to create D-analogs for GLP-1, a diabetes and obesity treatment that targets the GLP-1 receptor, and parathyroid hormone, an osteoporosis medication that hits the parathyroid receptor. The D-analogs had about the same efficacy as their natural counterparts in cells, although the GLP-1 replacement required a higher dose. And the D-analogs withstood the cells’ proteases for longer than the natural peptides.
Danny Hung-Chieh Chou of the University of Utah notes that the technique is limited to drugs with a known binding mechanism but calls it “a great concept that solves a problem existing technology couldn’t handle.” Bradley L. Pentelute of MIT adds that he believes the approach “will be a very useful tool for the biotech community.”
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405862
|
__label__wiki
| 0.788284
| 0.788284
|
Qantas offers to help JAL with LCC subsidiary, as part of oneworld strategy to keep JAL in alliance
As oneworld partners fight to maintain Japan Airlines in the global alliance, they have taken on a range of separate roles to encourage the ailing Japanese flag carrier to stay with them. At the recent oneworld gathering in Mexico, member airlines reviewed their own respective strengths and expertise, to offer them as a way of providing support at every key point of JAL’s future operations.
This support strategy became necessary once it became obvious that a simple buyout solution – for example involving Qantas and American Airlines – would not work for them (or probably for JAL) and as Delta/Air France-KLM’s bid became more threatening. Taking JAL out of oneworld and into SkyTeam would be a major blow to the oneworld team. Within JAL and the fixit working group which has been established, there are wide divisions of opinion over which alliance offers the better options for the long term.
oneworld’s fragile hold in north Asia
A strong presence in north Asia is vital to the grouping, which is otherwise largely unrepresented. JAL’s major competitor, ANA is part of the Star Alliance, Korean Air is SkyTeam and Asiana is Star Alliance. The major Chinese carriers are dominated by SkyTeam (China Southern), Star (Air China) and China Eastern, although a oneworld member, has recently merged with Star Alliance’s Shanghai Airlines.
Hong Kong’s Cathay Pacific is a oneworld member, but is partly compromised by its relationship and cross-shareholding with Air China – and it has also been notable for its absence in any supportive actions towards JAL recently, a feature that has rankled with its oneworld partners.
Jetstar model could be valuable for JAL
Qantas, with its “dual brand” structure, is perhaps the ideal partner to advise on establishing an LCC subsidiary, as the Jetstar model, working closely with the mainline Qantas, has been enormously successful.
The Japanese market conditions and route structures are very different from the climate in which Jetstar grew up, but as a global model it would seem that Jetstar’s founders could offer some pretty sound advice to JAL, whether it be to evolve its existing subsidiary into a genuine low cost model, or more likely, to start with a greenfield operation.
Just how important in the wider scheme of things this would be is unclear, as JAL goes through a major reincarnation. But it will be highly relevant that ANA has now made clear that it will be developing its own LCC subsidiary.
But Jetstar has been a lifesaver for Qantas, both in fighting off low cost competitors and then in expanding the Qantas Group’s market; Qantas now uses Jetstar to substitute for it on long haul routes from Australia, where the mainline carrier’s cost base makes operations unviable. The subsidiary for example recently took over the key Tokyo Narita route for Qantas, protecting the valuable slots from being lost to competitors.
From a minor event in its early days, Jetstar has evolved into a major airline, with rapidly growing international connections from Australia. It was to be the first recipient too of Qantas’ major order of B787s, although, with the delays in delivery of that aircraft, Jetstar’s international long haul fleet today consists of A330s
Jetstar Australia passenger numbers May-04 to Sep-09
Source: Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation & Qantas
Qantas’s strategy is to be a substantial long term player in the Asian market, as its domestic market flattens out with maturity (and additional competition).
Using the Jetstar brand, it has been able to do something that would be unthinkable with the mainline carrier’s flagship status: establish offshore joint venture airlines, Jetstar Asia in Singapore and Vietnam (under the Jetstar Pacific brand in the latter case).
Qantas has not reported on the growth rate of these two entities, but in the three months to 30-Sep-2009, Jetstar Asia carried 414,000 passengers.
Jetstar Asia and Jetstar International route network
Source: Jetstar
As well as the Australian A330 services to Tokyo and Kansai, Jetstar Asia also has a number of A320 shorthaul operations into neighbouring north Asian gateways - and the network is spreading.
Fleet growth is Growth is happening – Jetstar’s Singapore based fleet now consists of 5 A320s, with more to be allocated there, along with its Australian fleet of 39 A320/321s and 6 A330s.
Jetstar fleet: as at 11-Nov-09
Jetstar Australia
Source: Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation & Ascend
North Asia is the last bastion of resistance to the invasion of low cost operations, although foreign LCCs are gradually flying into China, Japan and Korea. The Centre has estimated that there is a potential market of over 200 million passengers annually, if international entry restrictions were removed. Indeed, much of JAL’s future growth will be in short haul international services, even if its guns are pointing steadfastly in the direction of longhaul.
Potential synergies with a JAL LCC subsidiary
Apart from the possibility of supporting JAL into a successful LCC subsidiary, courtesy of Jetstar’s experience and support, there are clear potential advantages for both carriers if a successful venture were possible. There are no formal precedents for global alliance LCC subsidiaries working together, but then Asia is becoming the global powerhouse of aviation and is writing its own rules.
A stand-alone JAL LCC, working with Jetstar would itself offer advantages for both sides: for example, Jetstar is highly connective, codesharing not only with its parent, but open to others as well. Working jointly to support each other would alone deliver strong market presence. And the possibility of a joint venture –which would offer a lower-risk option on both sides – would seem to be a good solution, with considerable upside. And the advantage for oneworld would be in a tighter long term linkage into the Japanese flag carrier.
But there is a still lot of water to flow under the bridge before all of JAL’s contortions are resolved and an LCC subsidiary will not be a crucial decider (even if history will eventually prove that to be the deliverance for JAL). Oneworld will need to come up with many more persuasive arguments if it is to win the battle against a voracious and powerful Delta/SkyTeam combination for the hearts and minds of JAL and its advisors.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405865
|
__label__wiki
| 0.940542
| 0.940542
|
Joe Eto
Joseph H. Eto is a staff scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory where he is a senior advisor to the Electricity Markets and Policy Group and the strategic advisor for the Energy Storage and Demand Resources Department. Joe also leads the program office for the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions, which is a national laboratory-university-industry R&D consortium founded by LBNL, ORNL, PNNL, SNL, PSERC, and the Electric Power Group that conducts research and analysis on electricity reliability and transmission.
Joe has authored over 200 publications on electricity reliability, transmission planning and operations, demand response, distributed generation, utility integrated resource planning and demand-side management, and building energy-efficiency technologies. In 1989, he received both the Crosby Field Award for best technical paper and the Willis H. Carrier Award for best presentation by an author under the age of 32 from the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers.
Joe has served the U.S. Department of Energy on a variety of topics related to electricity reliability. He led coordination of technical support for preparation of all three DOE National Electric Transmission Congestion Studies (2006, 2009, 2015). He was appointed to serve on the Electricity System Working Group of the U.S.-Canada Power Outage Task Force, which investigated the Aug. 14, 2003 blackout. He led coordination of technical support to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for the preparation of the National Transmission Grid Study (2002). He also served on the Secretary of Energy’s Power Outage Study Team, which conducted independent investigations of high-profile outages that occurred during the summer of 1999.
Joe received an A.B. in philosophy of science and an M.S. in energy and resources from the University of California, Berkeley. He is a registered professional Mechanical Engineer in the State of California.
Staunton, Robert H, John D Kueck, Brendan J Kirby, and Joseph H Eto. "Demand Response: An Overview of Enabling Technologies." Public Utilities Fortnightly 2001.
Kueck, John D, Brendan J Kirby, Robert H Staunton, Joseph H Eto, Chris Marnay, Charles A Goldman, and Carlos A Martinez. Load As a Reliability Resource in Restructured Electricity Markets. CERTS, 2001. LBNL-47983.
Eto, Joseph H, Jonathan G Koomey, Bryan Lehman, Nathan C Martin, Evan Mills, Carrie A Webber, and Ernst Worrell. Scoping Study on Trends in the Economic Value of Electricity Reliability to the U.S. Economy. 2001. LBNL-47911.
Eto, Joseph H, Carlos A Martinez, Jim Dyer, and Vikram S Budhraja. "Grid Reliability Management Tools." IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting. Columbus, Ohio, 2001. 5. LBNL-47025.
PDF (37.7 KB)
Zingman, Craig, Robert J Thomas, Ian Hiskens, Kevin Stamber, Thomas J Overbye, Richard Schuler, Philip N Overholt, Paula Scalingi, John D Kueck, Paul Carrier, Fernando L Alvarado, Anjan Bose, Vikram S Budhraja, William Buehring, Anthony Como, Chris DeMarco, Joseph H Eto, Regina Griego, and John F Hauer. Report of the U.S. Department of Energy's Power Outage Study Team: Findings and Recommendations to Enhance Reliability from the Summer of 1999. 2000.
Eto, Joseph H. "IEEE 2000 Energy Symposium Proceedings." IEEE 2000 Energy Symposium 2000.
Stamber, Kevin, Paula Scalingi, Craig Zimmerman, Chris DeMarco, Thomas J Overbye, Regina Griego, Ian Hiskens, William Buehring, Fernando L Alvarado, Vikram S Budhraja, Anthony Como, Joseph H Eto, John F Hauer, John D Kueck, Philip N Overholt, Richard Schuler, Robert J Thomas, and Anjan Bose. Interim Report of the U.S. Department of Energy's Power Outage Study Team Findings from the Summer of 1999. U.S Department of Energy, 2000.
Eto, Joseph H, Vikram S Budhraja, Jim Dyer, and Mohan Kondragunta. "Research, Development, and Demonstration Needs for Large-Scale, Reliability- Enhancing, Integration of Distributed Energy Resources." Thirty-Third Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii , 2000. LBNL-46619.
Eto, Joseph H. Grid of the Future White Papers Project Executive Summary. Berkelely: LBNL, 1999. LBNL-45273 .
Eto, Joseph H, Carlos A Martinez, Brendan J Kirby, Jim Vancoevering, John F Hauer, Jeffery E Dagle, Robert J Thomas, Robert H Lasseter, Fernando L Alvarado, George Cross, Marjorie Tatro, Abbas A Akhil, and Orman Paananen. The Federal Role in Electric System R&D During a Time of Industry Transition: An Application of Scenario Analysis. Berkeley: LBNL, 1999. LBNL-45272.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405866
|
__label__cc
| 0.729156
| 0.270844
|
Consumer Guide to Funeral and Cemetery Purchases
Pre-need Q&A
Existing Laws/Regulations
New Laws/Regulations
Proposed Regulations
Text Size - Small Medium Large
Accessibility / Help Page
The State of California's website has been developed in compliance with Section D of the California Government Code 11135. Code 11135 requires that all electronic and information technology developed or purchased by the State of California Government is accessible to people with disabilities. There are various types of physical disabilities that impact user interaction on the web. Vision loss, hearing loss, limited manual dexterity, and cognitive disabilities are examples, with each having different means by which to access electronic information effectively. Our goal is to provide a good web experience for all visitors.
Below you will find a list of some of the technology solutions we have integrated to make our website easy to navigate, fast-loading, and accessible.
Photographs/Images:
Uses Alternative Text “ALT” and/or “TITLE” attributes. ALT/TITLE attributes provide a written description of the image, which is accessible to screen readers, and it is visible when the mouse is placed over the image. This is also useful for people who have images turned off on their browser, in which case a description will display where the image used to be.
Keyboard Commands for:
If you have difficulty accessing any material on this site because of a disability, please contact us in writing or via telephone and we will work with you to make the information available. You can direct your request to: Richard Hernandez, 1625 North Market Blvd., Suite S-208, Sacramento, CA 95834 or call (916) 574-7880.
E-mail: Richard.Hernandez@dca.ca.gov
Information on Examination Accommodations
Back to Top | Conditions of Use | Accessibility | Privacy Policy | Disclaimer | Web Accessibility Certification
This web site contains PDF documents that require the most current version of Adobe Reader to view. To download click on the icon below.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405868
|
__label__wiki
| 0.627441
| 0.627441
|
Login to CGSM Online
About The Consortium
‘Leading the Challenge of Change’
Volunteer at OP
Student & Alumni Profiles
Refer a Prospect
Corporate Advisory Board
Orientation Programs
Prospective Partners
Webinars & Chats
Visit your VIP page
2020 Orientation Program
Orientation Program & Career Forum
Past Orientation Programs
Consortium Opinion
Pre-MBA
Authors ↓
CGSM
Jeff Farris
Peter Aranda
Brian Wesley
Adrienne Thomas
CGSM Staff
Submit a story →
Keith Vaughn: Advocating for minority business students
Keith Vaughn has been an advocate for strong minority business students for many years. For 10 years, he served on the board of directors for The Consortium and worked in the admissions office at the Marshall School of Business at his alma mater, the University of Southern California. He graduated from USC in 1994 and now works with accepted.com as an educational consultant.
Vaughn is also a long-time member of the Consortium’s Eagle Club, among the most dedicated donors to the organization. In our wide-ranging Q&A, Vaughn said “it should not be difficult to identify the Eagle Club as a viable choice” for Consortium alumni.
How did you first learn of The Consortium and what compelled you to apply for a fellowship?
A non-Consortium MBA alumnus first informed me of The Consortium and encouraged me to apply. The fellowship was an added incentive as well as the list of schools and the geographic diversity.
What did you do between undergraduate school and your MBA?
I chose to take a job in banking on the west coast immediately after finishing my undergraduate degree in economics. After several years, I returned to the east coast and worked with a small family business until following my fiancée to Chapel Hill, where she was completing her residency in psychiatry. It was there that we made plans to return to the west coast and, at the time, The Consortium had only one school in California.
Why have you decided to become so deeply involved financially with The Consortium? How would you persuade someone to become a member of the Eagle Club?
After finishing my MBA and accepting a job with the school, I initially believed my employment was an in-kind repayment or, at the very least, a generous opportunity to give back to The Consortium. However, as I became aware of the Eagle Club and witnessed Sherry Wallace (director of admissions at UNC) make a cash donation, I was encouraged to do more. She set a fine example for others to follow.
So, if more Consortium alumni find themselves in a position to be able to “pay it forward” it should not be difficult to identify the Eagle Club as a viable choice. During the OP, each of the respective schools does an excellent job in pursuit of a 100 percent participation rate in fundraising, as well as making a sizable financial contribution. This challenge should continue once students leave their respective schools to increase the numbers in the Eagle Club. There are many more successful alumni in the ranks of The Consortium.
How would you advise Consortium fellows to get the most out of their membership after they receive their MBA and move on?
Simply stay involved. Stay connected. Social media now makes it almost impossible not to be aware of the changes happening at the schools or in The Consortium.
To become a Consortium member, you had to show a demonstrated commitment to our mission. How have you carried that forward through today?
Black and brown and red and white are part of the rainbow that continues to make up the diversity of The Consortium. I worked for more than 20 years recruiting students who would add value to the ever-changing complexion of corporate America. One student, one alumnus, one successful career at a time makes a huge difference.
In what other ways does your work — personally or professionally — align with our mission?
As mentioned, my work was the work of the Consortium. Our missions were perfectly aligned.
Why did you stay with USC after your MBA? And what do you do now with accepted.com?
A dean at USC, Mark Zupan, recruited me and pushed me to support his efforts to make a difference. My only regret is that I did not follow him to Arizona and, later, to Rochester where he became the dean of another Consortium school.
Today, at accepted.com, I am afforded another opportunity to continue my effort to inform prospective candidates in pursuit of an MBA. As the list of Consortium schools has grown, many of these aspirational applicants are considering member schools of the Consortium, making it easy for me to engage them and answer their questions.
Where would you like to see The Consortium go in its next 50 years? Where are our growth or improvement opportunities, from your perspective?
In a multicultural climate and perpetually evolving corporate environment, there will always be a place for an organization such as The Consortium. New companies today, such as those in the Silicon Valley, are seriously lacking in being representative of the people who buy and use their products. America is not without its challenges but must continue to be the shining example for the rest of the world. Inclusivity requires a watchdog just as freedom requires laws.
The Consortium will continue to face challenges ahead that will require creative solutions. Its mission will morph with the unpredictable politics and diverse populations of tomorrow. Opportunities to strengthen its partnership with the schools and companies will never cease.
How has the climate for diversity in U.S. business helped or hindered you on your path? Has that climate changed over the years? Have you seen ebbs and flows? In what way?
Obama’s election in 2008 allowed some to believe that racial problems in America had been overcome or that we were seriously on the road to recovery. What we have seen though is that these issues have surfaced rather than been laid to rest or dormant and that our collective goals are forever intertwined with race, culture, language, politics and business. Schools are challenged to enhance their curriculums, to recruit and train the best students, to shape an inclusive business environment that can be both profitable and progressive.
When is the last time you referred someone—either a student prospect or a business associate—to The Consortium? What was the conversation like?
Every week I have a conversation about the Consortium. How could I not?
CGSM | September 26, 2016
Consortium Social:
Shaping a Better Future for Businesses and Employees through Technology and Culture Change
Dekonti “Dek” Sayeh is driven by a desire to shape a better future for employees and companies. As a consultant at Slalom Consulting, a fast-growing consulting firm focused on IT, data/analytics and tech enablement, Sayeh works to achieve this vision…
Courageous Leaders to Diversity Champions, 2019 Consortium Award Recipients Strive to Advance Equal Opportunity
Every year, The Consortium recognizes individuals and organizations that embody The Consortium’s mission, with several awards. In 2019, the organization honored eight individuals and one company for their work to advance its vision for the future. The following honorees have…
‘Each One, Teach One’: Retiring Emerson Exec Teesha Hernandez on What Drives Her Desire to Pay it Forward
If Patricia “Teesha” Hernandez has learned nothing else in her 25-plus years in corporate America, it is the importance of getting a solid start for achieving professional success. For this Consortium alumna of the University of Wisconsin School of Business…
Students/
Alumni/
Member Schools/
Corporate Partners/
Login to CGSM Online/
Questions about applying? Click here to email us or call (636) 681-5460.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405869
|
__label__wiki
| 0.689365
| 0.689365
|
Home > Journals > Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine > Volume 39 > Issue 2
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine
VOL. 39 · NO. 2 | June 2008
Case Reports (4)
Brief Communications (9)
Abstracts From Selected Reports (1)
Content Email Alerts notify you when new content has been published.
Receive bi-monthly emailed content alerts
Receive immediate emailed alerts when a new issue has been published
Please select when you would like to receive an alert.
Alert saved!
VIEW ALL ABSTRACTS +
Detection of Spotted Fever and Typhus Group Rickettsial Infection in Wild Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) in Chonbuk Province, Korea
Gerry Amor Camer, Chae Woong Lim
39(2), 145-147, (1 June 2008) https://doi.org/10.1638/06-0010.1
KEYWORDS: antibody, immunofluorescence, Rickettsia, spotted fever, typhus, wild raccoon dog
Both the spotted fever and the typhus group rickettsioses are potential emerging arthropod-borne infectious disease complexes in Korea. Wild raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) sheltered at the Korean Society for the Protection of Wild Animals, Chonbuk Branch, Korea, were sampled for the presence of spotted fever and typhus group rickettsial pathogens. Thirty-six serum samples of wild raccoon dogs were examined by an indirect fluorescent antibody test using type-specific YH strain Rickettsia japonica (spotted fever group rickettsia) and Wilmington strain Rickettsia typhi (typhus group rickettsia). The prevalence of sera that were seropositive was 30.5% (11/36) for the spotted fever group and 41.6% (15/36) for the typhus group. Five samples were seropositive for both antigens. This study is first to demonstrate rickettsial antibodies in wild raccoon dogs, and it provides seroepidemiologic evidence of the endemic presence of rickettsial agents in Korea.
A Visual Health Assessment of Captive Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) Housed in India
Anand Ramanathan, Avanti Mallapur
39(2), 148-154, (1 June 2008) https://doi.org/10.1638/2007-0008R1.1
KEYWORDS: Asian elephant, Elephas maximus, animal welfare, animal health, captive, India
A visual health assessment and survey questionnaire was conducted on 81 Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) housed in 10 animal facilities throughout India between November 2004 and February 2005. The survey questionnaire consisted of 10 questions that evaluated the health of the elephants, and they were completed after visually assessing each individual elephant. The information collected was ranked on a scale that was used to statistically compare the health among the study subjects. This study documented that 43.21% of the captive elephants surveyed exhibited hyperkeratosis. A significant proportion of the elephants owned by tourist camps had poor skin condition when compared with elephants from zoos and at a forest camp. Similarly, captive-born individuals were found to have better skin condition than animals that were caught from the wild. Sixty (74.1%) of the captive elephants that were observed during this study had fissures in their footpads, 20% of which were severe. The prevalence of foot fissures was significantly higher in females. A greater proportion of elephants owned by tourist camps displayed vertical and horizontal toenail cracks in comparison with the forest camp and zoo elephants. It was noted that 76.9% of the wounded animals and 80% of those having abscesses were housed at temples and tourist camps. Also, approximately 8.5% of the captive elephant population observed during this study had eye-related problems, and they were all housed at temples and tourist camps. In conclusion, it was evident that elephants housed at temples or tourist camps exhibited poor skin condition with wounds and abscesses. These findings suggest that the overall condition of the elephants housed at tourist camps was poor compared with elephants housed at zoos and at the forest camp.
Treatment Factors Influencing the Use of Recombinant Platelet-derived Growth Factor (Regranex®) for Head and Lateral Line Erosion Syndrome in Ocean Surgeonfish (Acanthurus bahianus)
Gregory J. Fleming, Allison Corwin, A. Jeanene McCoy, M. Andrew Stamper
39(2), 155-160, (1 June 2008) https://doi.org/10.1638/2007-0045R.1
KEYWORDS: Acanthurus bahianus, belcaplermin, head and lateral line erosion syndrome (HLLES), ocean surgeonfish, Regranex®
The clinical efficacy of becaplermin (Regranex®, Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical, Inc., Raritan, New Jersey 08869) on head and lateral line erosion syndrome (HLLES) in ocean surgeonfish (Acanthurus bahianus) was examined in a two-part study to determine suitable application frequencies of the drug and the effects of the environment on outcome of treatments. In the first part of the study, 12 ocean surgeonfish with prior HLLES were equally divided into three treatment groups, varying in application frequency of becaplermin: 1) one application, 2) three applications every 3 wk, and 3) no applications. After 9 wk, it was determined through photograph and computer analysis that fish treated with becaplermin did heal significantly more than the fish that were not treated. No significant difference was found when comparing the two treatment regimes; therefore, a one-time treatment of becaplermin was just as effective as the three-time application, reducing cost of the treatment, staff labor, and stress to the animals. In the second part of the study, the effect of the water environment on HLLES development was documented before and after a one-time treatment of becaplermin. When fish were treated and placed into a system known to cause HLLES, the becaplermin treatment had no effect on reducing the HLLES progression, whereas treated fish that were placed into a system that did not cause HLLES showed a significant decrease in erosion after the treatment. Therefore, treating fish being placed into a HLLES-causing system serves no beneficial purpose to healing HLLES.
Yolk Coelomitis in Fiji Island Banded Iguanas (Brachylophus fasciatus)
Brian A. Stacy, Lauren Howard, John Kinkaid, Justin D. Vidal, Rebecca Papendick
KEYWORDS: atresia, Fiji Island, follicle, Iguana, reproduction, proliferative, yolk coelomitis
Yolk coelomitis is a major cause of death in captive sexually mature female Fiji Island banded iguanas (Brachylophus fasciatus) maintained by the Zoological Society of San Diego. The medical records, breeding histories, and pathology archival materials from this group were reviewed to study this health problem. From 1987 through 2004, deaths of nine of 21 adult females were due to yolk coelomitis. Most iguanas had a history of reproduction-related problems, which included reproductive failure, episodes of lethargy associated with ovarian activity, folliculostasis, ovostasis, and behavioral abnormalities. Most affected iguanas either were found dead or presented moribund and subsequently died or were euthanized. Clinical signs were nonspecific and included lethargy, cutaneous discoloration, and coelomic effusion. Yolk leakage in most cases was associated with the presence of large vitellogenic follicles undergoing atresia and resulted in coelomitis characterized by florid mesothelial proliferation.
Refinement of a Commercial Bench-top Relaxin Assay for Pregnancy Diagnosis Using Urine from Domestic and Nondomestic Felids
Laurie A. Harris, Bernard G. Steinetz, Jennifer B. Bond, Sally Lasano, William F. Swanson
KEYWORDS: conservation, cats, pregnancy, relaxin, urine
Relaxin, a 6-kDa polypeptide hormone, is excreted in the urine during pregnancy in several mammalian species. A recent study showed that detection of urinary relaxin using a bench-top serum assay (Witness® relaxin kit, Synbiotics Corp., San Diego, California 92127, USA) can be diagnostic for pregnancy in domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus), but it is unknown whether the bench-top kit is applicable with urine across felid species. Our objectives were to 1) examine modifications in urine processing to improve kit reliability in pregnant cats, 2) evaluate the impact of concentrating urine via filtration on relaxin detection, 3) assess the effect of sample freezing on relaxin concentrations, and 4) begin quantifying urinary relaxin levels in nondomestic felids. Urine and serum were collected from domestic cats and nondomestic cat species (Pallas' cat, Otocolobus manul; sand cat, Felis margarita; cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus; and lion, Panthera leo) at several times after breeding. Urine samples, subjected to various processing methods, were tested using the bench-top kit, and relaxin levels were later quantified via radioimmunoassay. For domestic cat urine samples, filtration and addition of protein/phosphate buffer improved the consistency of the relaxin kit for early pregnancy diagnosis. Urine freezing caused a slight (∼13%) but significant decrease in relaxin concentrations, but frozen-thawed samples still tested positive with the bench-top kit. In nondomestic felids, urinary relaxin immunoreactivity during pregnancy was similar to or higher than that of pregnant domestic cats, suggesting that relaxin is a reliable cross-species marker of pregnancy. Urinary relaxin was detectable using the bench-top kit in pregnant Pallas' cats, but urine samples from other species tested negative, regardless of processing methods. Findings suggest that measurement of urinary relaxin is a promising approach for noninvasive pregnancy diagnosis in exotic felids, but further assessment of urinary relaxin profiles among cat species and modification of the bench-top relaxin kit are warranted to improve cross-species utility.
Comparison of Blood Aminotransferase Methods for Assessment of Myopathy and Hepatopathy in Florida Manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)
Kendal E. Harr, Kathryn Allison, Robert K. Bonde, David Murphy, John W. Harvey
KEYWORDS: Aminotransferase, Capture myopathy, liver, muscle, pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (P5P), Trichechus manatus latirostris
Muscle injury is common in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris). Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is frequently used to assess muscular damage in capture myopathy and traumatic injury. Therefore, accurate measurement of AST and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is important in managed, free-ranging animals, as well as in those rehabilitating from injury. Activities of these enzymes, however, are usually not increased in manatees with either acute or chronic muscle damage, despite marked increases in plasma creatine kinase activity. It is hypothesized that this absence of response is due to apoenzymes in the blood not detected by commonly used veterinary assays. Addition of coenzyme pyridoxal-5-phosphate (P5P or vitamin B6) should, therefore, result in higher measured enzyme activities. The objective of this study was to determine the most accurate, precise, and diagnostically useful method for aminotransferase measurement in manatees that can be used in veterinary practices and diagnostic laboratories. Additionally, appropriate collection and storage techniques were assessed. The use of an optimized commercial wet chemical assay with 100 μmol P5P resulted in a positive bias of measured enzyme activities in a healthy population of animals. However, AST and ALT were still much lower than that typically observed in domestic animals and should not be used alone in the assessment of capture myopathy and muscular trauma. Additionally, the dry chemistry analyzer, typically used in clinics, reported significantly higher and less precise AST and ALT activities with poor correlation to those measured with wet chemical methods found in diagnostic laboratories. Therefore, these results cannot be clinically compared. Overall, the optimized wet chemical method was the most precise and diagnostically useful measurement of aminotransferase in samples. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between paired serum and plasma measurement, indicating that separate reference intervals should be established for serum and plasma. Finally, storage of these enzymes at −70°C for 1 mo resulted in up to a 25% decrease in enzymatic activity in manatee plasma.
Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Phenylbutazone in African and Asian Elephants (Loxodonta africana and Elephas maximus)
Ursula Bechert, J. Mark Christensen, C. Nguyen, R. Neelkant, E. Bendas
KEYWORDS: Phenylbutazone, pharmacokinetics, African elephants, Asian elephants, NSAID
The pharmacokinetic parameters of phenylbutazone were determined in 18 elephants (Loxodonta africana and Elephas maximus) after single-dose oral administration of 2, 3, and 4 mg/kg phenylbutazone, as well as multiple-dose administrations with a 4-wk washout period between trials. After administration of 2 mg/kg phenylbutazone, mean serum concentrations peaked in approximately 7.5 hr at 4.3 ± 2.02 μg/ml and 9.7 hr at 7.1 ± 2.36 μg/ml for African and Asian elephants, respectively, while 3 mg/kg dosages resulted in peak serum concentrations of 7.2 ± 4.06 μg/ml in 8.4 hr and 12.1 ± 3.13 μg/ml in 14 hr. The harmonic mean half-life was long, ranging between 13 and 15 hr and 39 and 45 hr for African and Asian elephants, respectively. There was evidence of enterohepatic cycling of phenylbutazone in Asian elephants. Significant differences (P < 0.0001) in pharmacokinetic values occurred between African and Asian elephants for clearance (27.9 and 7.6 ml/hr/kg, respectively), terminal half-life (15.0 and 38.7 hr, respectively), and mean residence time (22.5 and 55.5 hr, respectively) using 2-mg/kg dosages as an example. This suggests that different treatment regimens for Asian and African elephants should be used. There were no apparent gender differences in these parameters for either elephant species.
Development of a Polymerase Chain Reaction Test for Entamoeba invadens
Carol M. Bradford, Mary C. Denver, Michael R. Cranfield
39(2), 201-207, (1 June 2008) https://doi.org/10.1638/2007-0145.1
KEYWORDS: Entamoeba invadens, polymerase chain reaction, protozoa, parasite, reptiles
Entamoeba invadens is a protozoal parasite of reptiles that causes colitis, abscesses of liver and other organs, and sometimes acute death. It is generally considered a commensal of chelonians but has also been implicated as a cause of colitis, diarrhea, and death in gopher (Gopherus polyphemus) and leopard (Geochelone pardalis) tortoises. Diagnosis of E. invadens is currently by detection of trophozoites and/or cysts upon direct fecal examination. However, definitive diagnosis of E. invadens has been difficult due to the very similar morphology of nonpathogenic Entamoeba spp., including E. ranarum, E. insolita, E. barreti, and E. terrapinae. Definitive speciation of Entamoeba spp. is important to avoid misdiagnosis or overtreatment for nonpathogenic protozoa. It is also important for consideration of mixed species reptile collections to avoid exposing snakes and lizards to E. invadens. In this study, we developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers for E. invadens, E. ranarum, E. terrapinae, and E. insolita and conducted PCR amplification of purified DNA from cell cultures, as well as purified DNA from reptile stool samples with E. invadens trophozoites added. As a result of this study, a naturally occurring infection of E. invadens was confirmed in a giant South American river turtle (Podocnemis expansa). This study has developed successful PCR primers for four species of Entamoeba and demonstrates that PCR is a promising diagnostic tool for the definitive identification of E. invadens.
Relationship Between Separation Time of Plasma From Heparinized Whole Blood on Plasma Biochemical Analytes of Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta)
Eliza Eisenhawer, Charles H. Courtney, Rose E. Raskin, Elliott Jacobson
KEYWORDS: blood storage, Caretta caretta, loggerhead sea turtle, plasma, biochemicals
Concentrations and activities of selected biochemicals of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) were determined for plasma that was separated from whole blood samples that were kept up to 96 hr post collection (PC) in a refrigerator. Blood samples collected from seven juvenile captive loggerhead sea turtles were added to tubes containing lithium heparin and were placed on ice. Equal amounts of anticoagulated whole blood from the lithium heparin tubes were then aliquoted into plastic tubes and stored as whole blood under refrigeration until they were centrifuged at 0, 4, 24, 48, and 96 hr PC. Plasma was removed and the analytes that were measured were alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol, glucose, urea nitrogen, uric acid, total protein, albumin, and globulin. Compared with values at 0 time, the only analyte to be significantly different at 24 hr PC was GGT (activity decreased by 25%). Compared with values at 0 time, significant differences at 96 hr PC were only seen in AST (2% increase), GGT (25% decrease), glucose (7% decrease), and uric acid (25% increase). Although a statistically significant difference was found in concentrations of phosphorus and cholesterol over time by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), the follow-up multiple comparison procedure could not define the specific time points at which significant differences occurred. For all other analytes, significant differences over the time course of the study were not found. In these instances, the power of the ANOVA was sufficient (≥0.80) to detect any arithmetic differences of a clinically relevant magnitude. Although plasma should be separated from the cellular component of blood as soon as possible PC, in a field situation in which a centrifuge is unavailable, samples can be stored in a portable cooler up to 24 hr without appreciable change in select biochemical analytes.
Unidentified Plasmodium Species in Australian Black Swans (Cygnus atratus) Hatched and Raised in North America
K. Christiana Grim, Thomas McCutchan, Margery Sullivan, Michael R. Cranfield
KEYWORDS: avian malaria, Australian black swan, Cygnus atratus, Plasmodium
A pair of Australian black swans (Cygnus atratus) with origins in Wakefield, Virginia, USA, was admitted to the quarantine area at the Baltimore Zoo for general health assessments before housing in the collections. During the quarantine period, no clinical signs of disease were manifest; however, upon examination of a blood smear, intraerythrocytic parasites were detected and initially determined to be Haemoproteus species. Diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing results, however, indicated that the parasites were within the genus Plasmodium. Subclinical infections with Plasmodium species in birds may affect collection management, and transmission from refractory hosts to susceptible hosts should be considered when multispecies exhibits are used. In addition, changes in the dynamics of host-vector-parasite interactions might have significant impacts on wild or domesticated populations of birds.
Fatal Disseminated Encephalitozoonosis in a Captive, Adult Goeldi's Monkey (Callimico goeldii) and Subsequent Serosurvey of the Exposed Conspecifics
Michelle R. Davis, Michael Kinsel, Katherine Wasson, Jennifer Boonstra, Mark Warneke, Jennifer N. Langan
KEYWORDS: Goeldi's monkey, Callimico goeldii, microsporidia, Encephalitozoon cuniculi
A captive, adult male Goeldi's monkey (Callimico goeldii) (GM) presented in acute respiratory distress 4 yr after importation into the United States from Europe. Radiographs and echocardiogram were consistent with heart failure. The monkey died within 24 hr of presentation. Necropsy findings included multicentric arteritis and aortitis with aneurysm associated with microsporidian organisms morphologically consistent with Encephalitozoon species. Polymerase chain reaction confirmed organisms were Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Sequence analysis of amplicons generated by using primers specific for the polar tube protein of E. cuniculi determined the organism to be genotype II. An E. cuniculi serosurvey of potentially exposed conspecifics that represented approximately 40% of the captive GM population in the United States was conducted. Multiple individuals that had been imported from Europe with the individual of this report were seropositive via an immunofluorescent antibody assay for E. cuniculi. Multiple samples were available from 3 individuals that demonstrated a decrease in titer or reversion to seronegative status within 3 yr of initial positive status. All other GM were negative on serology. This case is unique in that the genotype identified (genotype II) was different than the genotype (genotype III) reported in other New World primate (NWP) species, the patterns of arteritis were different from the typical pattern of microsporidial vasculitis described in other species, and clinical disease was observed in an adult. Most reported cases of clinical disease secondary to E. cuniculi in NWP have been in neonates and juveniles.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Sarcocystis neurona in a Captive Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina)
Natalie D. Mylniczenko, Karen S. Kearns, Ann C. Melli
KEYWORDS: Harbor Seal, Phoca vitulina, Sarcocystis neurona, neurologic disease, ponazuril, cerebellum, ataxia
A captive harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) presented with partial anorexia, ataxia, and head bobbing, which progressed to complete anorexia, lethargy, and persistent whole-body intention tremors within several days. Response to treatment with ponazuril, serology, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis supported a diagnosis of Sarcocystis neurona. Analysis of serum levels for ponazuril indicated that therapeutic levels could be achieved at a dosage of 5 mg/kg p.o. s.i.d., whereas clinical response was improved at a dosage of 10 mg/kg. Several months after initiation of antiprotozoal therapy, the neurologic signs resolved, although rare intermittent tremors were seen with significant exertion.
Paresis in an Asian Small Clawed Otter (Aonyx cinereus) Associated with Vertebral and Ischial Osteolysis Caused by a Malignant Lymphangiosarcoma
Julie Swenson, James W. Carpenter, Kyathanahalli S. Janardhan, Cornelia Ketz-Riley, Erin Brinkman
KEYWORDS: Asian small clawed otter, Aonyx cinerus, lymphangiosarcoma, metastatic neoplasia, hind limb paresis/ paralysis
A 10-yr-old male intact Asian small clawed otter (Aonyx cinerus) was presumptively diagnosed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry with lymphangiosarcoma after bony destruction of the ischium and spinal column from local tumor invasion had caused progressive signs of hind limb lameness and paresis/paralysis, which led to humane euthanasia. At necropsy, the primary tumor was identified as a flocculent mass present under the caudal lumbar vertebrae. Multiple nerves were seen to run from the spinal cord into the wall of the mass. This mass had locally invaded the surrounding muscle, vertebral column, and spinal cord, which led to the clinical signs noted at presentation. Bony destruction was severe with almost complete obliteration of the right ischium and osteolysis of L6, exposing the spinal cord beneath. The tumor had metastasized to at least two different sites within the spleen. The abdominal tumor was confirmed to be of endothelial origin by the use of immunohistochemical staining for factor VIII-related antigen and was confirmed as lymphatic origin versus vascular origin because of the lack of red blood cells within the vessels. The length of time from initial presentation with hind limb lameness to euthanasia because of hind limb paralysis was 4 mo. This is the first report of lymphangiosarcoma, an uncommon malignant neoplasm of lymphatic origin, in a mustelid and the first report of neoplastic disease in an Asian small clawed otter. In addition, the presentation of hind limb paresis associated with bony lysis because of local tumor invasion has not been previously reported with lymphangiosarcoma in humans, domestic animals, or nondomestic animals.
Multicentric Squamous Cell Carcinona in a Paca (Agouti paca) Resembling Bowen's Disease
Marcela M. Luppi, Marcelo C. C. Malta, Maria E. L T. Costa, Rafael O. C. Motta, Renato L. Santos
39(2), 244-247, (1 June 2008) https://doi.org/10.1638/2006-018.1
KEYWORDS: Paca, Agouti paca, multicentric squamous cell carcinoma
An 8-yr-old female paca (Agouti paca) was admitted at the Veterinary Hospital of the Belo Horizonte Zoo (Brazil) with an ulcerated cutaneous nodule of approximately 1.5 cm in diameter in the left ear. One week later, other cutaneous nodules were detected in various body locations. The animal died during a surgical procedure to remove the tumors. All cutaneous nodules were histologically similar with features of squamous cell carcinoma. Considering the predominant in situ nature of the lesion as well as its multicentric localization, the disease reported here closely resembles Bowen's disease, which has been described in humans and which has been identified as a rare neoplastic disease of cats, with one single report in a dog. This is the first report of a neoplastic disease in Agouti paca.
Nonsurgical Repair of an Umbilical Hernia in Two Asian Elephant Calves (Elephas maximus)
Ellen B. Wiedner, Charlie Gray, Peter Rich, Gary L. Jacobson, Ramiro Isaza, Dennis Schmitt, William A. Lindsay
KEYWORDS: umbilical hernia, Elephas maximus, Asian elephant, neonate, umbilicus
Umbilical hernias were diagnosed in two captive-born, female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) calves several weeks after birth. Daily manual reduction of the hernias for 5 wk in the first case and for 5 mo in the second resulted in complete closure of the defects. Nonsurgical repair of uncomplicated, fully reducible umbilical hernias in Asian elephants can be an alternative to surgery.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Laser Treatment of Cutaneous Papillomas in a Common Snapping Turtle, Chelydra serpentina
Paul Raiti
KEYWORDS: common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina serpentina, fibropapilloma, papilloma, carbon dioxide laser
Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser was used to treat multiple cutaneous papillomas on an adult female common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina serpentina. A combination of excisional and ablative techniques provided excellent intraoperative visibility and postoperative results due to the laser's unique ability to incise and vaporize soft tissue.
Sarcoptic Mange and Pelodera Dermatitis in an American Black bear (Ursus americanus)
Scott D. Fitzgerald, Thomas M. Cooley, Melinda K. Cosgrove
KEYWORDS: black bear, dermatitis, mange, Pelodera, Sarcoptes
An adult female free-ranging American black bear (Ursus americanus) was presented in poor body condition, with advanced skin disease. Skin changes included hair loss, lichenification, crusting, and focal erosions. Skin scrapings and histopathology identified two distinct parasitic conditions that were contributing to this animal's dermatitis. Large numbers of larvae, nymphs, and adults of Sarcoptes scabiei were present in the superficial epidermis, and nematodes consistent with Pelodera strongyloides were abundant within the hair follicles. This appears to be the first reported case of Pelodera dermatitis in a bear species, adding a new differential agent to the list for dermatitis in bears. The sarcoptic mange and poor body condition of this bear may have been contributing factors to the development of the opportunistic Pelodera infestation.
Caesarian Section and Neonatal Care in the Aardvark (Orycteropus afer)
Adrian G. Mutlow, Hisako Mutlow
KEYWORDS: Aardvark, caesarian section, Haberman feeder, hand-rearing, neonate, Orycteropus afer
A 5-yr-old aardvark (Orycteropus afer) was presented with dystocia as a result of fetal oversize. A caesarian section was performed using the technique used in domestic dogs. Anesthesia was induced with medetomidine and ketamine and maintained with isoflurane. The neonate was initially unable to suckle because of swelling and paralysis of the face and tongue following the prolonged pressure of the dystocia. A Haberman feeder was used successfully from 5 days of age, and the calf suckled unassisted after 9 days, from which point it was parent-reared. Most captive aardvark calves have been hand-reared. Although all four of this female's calves have required some initial medical assistance, only the first was hand-reared. A management strategy of overnight separation of the calves and dam has allowed the neonates sufficient rest and reduced injury and has reduced the need for hand-rearing.
Serologic Survey of Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus in North Carolina Woodchucks (Marmota monax)
J. M. Cullen, D. Lindsey-Pegram, P. J. Cote
KEYWORDS: Hepadnavirus, Woodchuck, Woodchuck hepatitis virus
The prevalence of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) in wild populations of woodchucks is understudied and therefore unclear. Although infection is common in the southeastern region of Pennsylvania and surrounding states, it is virtually absent in New York and New England. Sera were collected from wild woodchucks from Orange County, North Carolina and tested for the presence of markers of current or previous infection with WHV. Of the 24 woodchucks tested, there were three animals (12.5%) with WHV surface antigen as well as antibodies to woodchuck hepatitis core antigen in their serum, indicative of active infection. There were four (17%) animals with antibodies to WHV core antigen but no woodchuck hepatitis surface antigen, indicative of prior infections. The remaining 17 animals had no detectable markers of WHV infection. These data indicate that WHV is present in central North Carolina at rates approaching those seen in endemic areas, such as the mid-Atlantic region of the United States.
Oropharyngeal Teratoma in a Neonatal Sable Antelope (Hippotragus niger)
Holly J. Haefele, Amanda Guthrie, John G. Trupkiewicz, Michael M. Garner
KEYWORDS: sable antelope, Hippotragus niger, oropharyngeal teratoma, neoplasia, pathology, wildlife
A neonatal male sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) was found dead. A 5 by 12–cm lobulated mass was present in the oral cavity, attached to the caudal border of the soft palate; this mass contained hair, cartilage, bone, nervous tissue, muscle, and multiple gland-like structures. Histopathologic diagnosis was consistent with oropharyngeal teratoma. As a result of the lack of wear of the fetal hooves, the firm, collapsed appearance of the lungs, and the lack of other gross or histopathologic abnormalities, the oropharyngeal tumor is suspected to have caused an airway obstruction, resulting in the calf's early postnatal death. This is the first report of an oropharyngeal teratoma in the veterinary literature.
Thoracolumbar Hemilaminectomy and Spinal Cord Decompression in a Lion-tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus)
Matthew Capitanio, Dawn M. Zimmerman, Michael Douglass, Terry Dew
KEYWORDS: hemilaminectomy, intervertebral disk disease, lion-tailed macaque, Macaca silenus
A 16-yr-old, castrated male lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus) presented with acute bilateral pelvic limb paralysis. Cisternal and lumbar myelograms demonstrated right-sided spinal cord compression at T13-L1. During an extradural hemilaminectomy, chronically ruptured disk material was removed at T13-L1, with moderate venous dilatation observed cranially. The macaque fully recovered from clinical signs within 2 mo.
Secondary Amyloidosis and Renal Failure in a Captive California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus)
Sathya K. Chinnadurai, Arnaud Van Wettere, Keith E. Linder, Craig A. Harms, Ryan S. DeVoe
KEYWORDS: California sea lion, renal failure, secondary amyloidosis, Zalophus californianus
A 16-yr-old, captive-born, female California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) was evaluated for intermittent lethargy, partial anorexia, and polydipsia of 2 wk duration. The animal was immobilized for physical examination. It was in thin body condition, with multifocal mucosal ulcerations over the caudal and ventral tongue. Blood was collected for hematology, serum chemistry, and leptospirosis serology. Serum chemistry revealed severe azotemia, mild hyperglycemia, and severe hyperphosphatemia. The animal went into cardiac arrest during recovery from anesthesia and died. On histopathology, abundant amorphous, finely fibrillar, eosinophilic material was deposited in the kidneys, and smaller amounts of the same material were found in the splenic and pancreatic vessels; these findings are consistent with systemic secondary amyloidosis. The animal also had chronic nephritis, which, coupled with renal amyloidosis, resulted in renal failure and death. Systemic amyloidosis should be considered as an additional differential diagnosis for renal failure in California sea lions.
Murray E. Fowler
39(2), 279, (1 June 2008) https://doi.org/10.1638/1042-7260(2008)39[279:BR]2.0.CO;2
Abstracts From Selected Reports
Abstracts of Selected Reports
39(2), 280-281, (1 June 2008) https://doi.org/10.1638/1042-7260(2008)39[280:AOSR]2.0.CO;2
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405872
|
__label__cc
| 0.560122
| 0.439878
|
Prediction On Obama’s Upcoming Executive Action On Guns
Brandon Curtis
Categories: General, Politics
By Nick Leghorn via The Truth About Guns
There’s been a flurry of news about the impending executive orders from President Obama on gun control. There are few hard facts about what’s coming down the pipeline. But if you read the tea leaves with enough regularity you can see patterns emerge and get a glimmer of things to come. Let me channel my inner Hari Seldon and predict the immediate future of gun control in America . . .
There’s little doubt that the executive orders being readied are trying to close the so-called “gun show loophole,” a term that the civilian disarmament community now uses to cover any and all private party firearms sales. We have a pretty good idea of the specific avenue of attack: the “in the business” regulation of the FFL system.
The Federal Firearms Licensee (FFL) system was put in place by the Gun Control Act of 1968. The Act mandated that anyone “in the business” of buying and selling guns required a license from the federal government. Anyone engaged in interstate commerce in guns of any kind also needs a license. Under the Act, a private party can sell firearms from their personal collection – not for profit or business purposes – without federal oversight, provided the transaction occurs in their own state. No license required. No no background check required (because access to the NICS system requires an FFL, which the average person can’t get). It’s a reasonable carve-out given that the transaction isn’t profit-related and involves a legal product sold legally to a legal buyer without crossing state lines. Note: it’s illegal for anyone to knowingly sell any gun to a prohibited person. Period.
The “issue” in play, due to be the subject of President Obama’s executive order sometime next week: the definition of being “in the business” of selling firearms.
There’s no hard and fast number of guns an individual may sell that determines that he’s “in the business” of selling guns. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) takes a “we know it when we see it” approach. With their limited budget – courtesy of Congress’s suspicion of their intent – the ATF doesn’t have the resources to investigate individuals who push the envelope of the “in the business” provision to sell a large number of guns to private individuals.
Because President Obama has the ability to dictate various minor administrative changes through executive action, the President can set a benchmark for the number of guns sold or transferred that constitutes being “in the business of selling guns.” And he can do it without consulting Congress. It’s entirely within his Constitutional powers to do that. The real question: where will he set that bar? I’d say there’s about a 60 percent chance that the President will draw the line at five guns per year and a 40 percent chance that he goes all-in and lower the bar to selling a single gun.
I buy and sell guns more often than most, and I’ve sold far fewer than five guns this year. Setting the number at five is low enough to let gun control activists claim a victory, that they have shut off the dreaded “gun show loophole.” But it’s still high enough that the average American can continue buying and selling guns without any major impact. The bad news: if and when a Democrat president comes into office, she can lower that number to one under whatever pretense she desires at any time.
That’s the smart move. Then again, the very nature of gun control activism is based on a sense that guns are evil and punishing loathsome gun owners in any way shape or form is a worthy pursuit. So it’s entirely possible that Obama will go all-in declaring that anyone selling a gun is “in the business” of selling guns and needs a license. If that happens, we might see a much more vocal reaction from the population as they are now directly affected by the change. The biggest impact that would have on the chain of events is in influencing the next election, putting even more weight behind the “anyone but Hillary” argument.
If the EO goes through, millions of Americans will be forced to buy and sell guns through an FFL (as some states now mandate), where previously they bought and sold privately. Areas with a single dealer will see transfer fees go through the roof. Others might see a price war where fees drop to a nominal amount for person-to-person transfers. Either way, nearly all gun sales will flow through licensed dealers, with all sales being recorded, and a fee charged for each transaction.
The NRA will rightly proclaim that the EO is an egregious infringement on Americans’ right to keep and bear arms. I give it a 40 percent chance that Congress will pass a bill out of the House of Representatives to change things back the way they were, and a 25 percent chance such a bill bill passes the Senate. But that’s where it will end. There’s no chance President Obama will sign such legislation and even less chance that Congress has enough votes for a veto override.
The main problem: the average American doesn’t have a problem with mandating that every firearms transaction involve a federal background check. No matter how hard the NRA presses Congress to change the law it’s not politically viable. For those legislators who need to fight to keep their red seat from turning blue, rolling back Obama’s changes will be branded by the opposition as “re-opening the gun show loophole” and making America less safe.” It’s a rallying cry which pro-gun control pols would use to run roughshod over pro-gun right incumbents.
Meanwhile, the Second Amendment Foundation will file a lawsuit claiming such an executive order violates the reserved rights of the states to regulate commerce within their borders. The NRA might join in, but it seems like Allan Gottlieb does far better when he’s flying solo and sticking it to the man.
The lower courts will laugh the SAF out of their chambers, but they’ll persevere and file appeal after appeal hoping to get to the Supreme Court hoping for a definitive ruling. If they make it that far, I give the Supremes a 30 percent chance of hearing the case — given their past track record they don’t seem to want anything more to do with the Second Amendment and are happy to use the lower courts to do their dirty work.
Should the Supremes agree to hear such a case I make it toss-up as to whether they’d defend the right to buy and sell firearms without federal “supervision.” Even agreeing to hear the case would be out of character, so much like the rise of The Mule that’s something that my powers of deduction cannot penetrate.
In the short term, there’s not much the gun rights folks can do. Every avenue of attack is blocked, and even if the case were to wind its way through the courts, President Obama would be out of office before a judgement is handed down. Whatever President Obama puts in place would be the law of the land, at least as long as he’s in office.
Looking past 2016, things get murky . . .
Should America elect a Democrat as the next president, this would become the “new normal”: private firearms sales would be a thing of the past. The next president might well remove any lower limit and require every firearms sold to be done with a background check, all under the pretext of “cracking down on guns.” Congress would probably be incapable of passing new legislation to revamp the FFL system and restore the previous status quo. For the reasons stated above, even pro-gun Republicans would consider the “restore private sales” issue politically toxic.
If a Republican is elected president, the likelihood of this change being repealed would remain remote. With a re-election campaign only four years away and Democrats breathing down their necks, the new Republicans would want to tread lightly. Repealing this seemingly minor change would be very low on their to-do list. They would have to choose which hills were worth dying over. I doubt this would be one of them.
The best case scenario wouldn’t be a repeal of the executive order. The better option: Congress gets their act together and passes an update to the Gun Control Act of 1968 that allows for individuals to have a Federal Firearms License without being “in the business” of selling guns.
That would re-open the flood gates of private party sales (with background checks!) and enable guns to be shipped directly to the doors of Americans. This would have a similar impact to what Amazon did to the mom and pop stores in cities, leaving only the larger brick and mortar stores to duke it out for the remaining market share. While this would be the best possible outcome from this whole debacle, there’s no more than a 10 percent probability of it ever happening. That’s disappointing, but realistic.
The most likely scenario (and my 90 percent bet) is that nothing happens. Congress fails to act, the SAF lawsuit fails, and the executive orders remain in place. “Gun violence” continues unchecked – because this feel-good measure has nothing whatsoever to do with the real flow of illegal guns. It will only punish America’s law-abiding gun owners. As a result, gun control activists will continue to demand that “something must be done” — again, still. And the window of “acceptable” gun control solutions will creep further and further towards revocation of Americans’ Second Amendment rights, and we play the game again.
I hope I’m wrong.
Brandon is the founder of Concealed Nation and is an avid firearm enthusiast, with a particular interest in responsible concealed carry. His EDC is a Springfield Armory Hellcat OSP, with a Shield Sights RMSC Red Dot, that holds Hornady 165 gr FTX Critical Defense rounds, and rides comfortably in a StealthGearUSA Revolution holster.
View all posts by Brandon Curtis
Previous article: Sworn Law Enforcement Officers Unarmed And Trained To Run And Hide In The Event Of Active Shooter At Chicago Airports Next article: Concealed Nation Fan Fends Off Three Home Invaders With M&P Shield
Police Kill Gunman Who Attempted To Hijack Helicopter
Business Owner Shoots To Injure, Not Kill, During Break-in
Armed Restaurant Employee Surprises Armed Robber, Sends Him To Hospital
Armed Citizen Intervention in Robbery Results in 2 Dead, Robber Not One of Them
#DIGTHERIG – Patrick and his Glock 19 in a Safariland Holster
Honor Guard 9mm by Honor Defense: A Well-Refined CCW Pistol Worth Looking At
#DIGTHERIG – Abel and his Glock 43 in a BladeTech Holster
How Shooting Affects Your Hearing, And How To Properly Protect Yourself
#DIGTHERIG – Dale and his Sig Sauer P320 in a Cytac Holster
Road Rage Incident Leads To Driver Beating Retired Cop With Flashlight, Gets Shot
New State Bill Introduced Would Limit Magazine Capacity To 5 Rounds, Allow Only 20 Rounds To Be Purchased Each Month
[WARNING: GRAPHIC] Armed Robbers Are Taken Out By Armed Guard, But He Went Too Far In The End
West Virginia Pushes Pro-Gun Legislation In The Form Of Permetless Concealed Carry
DENIED: Couple Not Allowed To Become Foster Parents Because They Have Concealed Carry Permits
Mississipi Residents Catch Big Break, Permitless Carry Restrictions Loosened
Terrorists In Paris May Have Met Armed Resistance During Attacks, But Not From Law-Abiding Citizens
300 Guns Stolen From Unlocked Cars In One Year… In A Single County
#DIGTHERIG – Michael and his Glock 36 or Glock 30
UCF Student Fights Back Against Two Robbers That Broke Into Her Apartment; A Good Girl With A Gun
[VIDEO] Are You Truly Prepared As Best You Can Be For A Gunfight During Breakfast At IHOP?
[READER QUESTION] Can You Inherit Guns?
NY Gun Owners With Children Have 60 Days To Comply With New Law, Or Face Possible Jail Time
#DIGTHERIG – Bill and his Kimber Ultra Carry II .45 in an Alien Gear Holster
Church Beefs Up Security By Allowing Congregation To Carry Concealed
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405875
|
__label__cc
| 0.500235
| 0.499765
|
Subscribe to get Ecuador News to your inbox.
October protests cost the country more than a billion dollars but final tally is in doubt
Ecuador sends first copper shipment to China from Mirador mine, fights anti-mining effort
Ecuador job market contracts in 2019 as more than 100,000 full-time jobs are lost
Is it a good idea to have your amalgam fillings removed?
Indigenous leaders say human rights report backs their claims of government violence during the October strike, plan legal action
Efforts to eradicate rainbow trout from Ecuadorian waters will begin later this year
Cuenca News
Big Valentine weekend gala planned to help children with autism and other disabilities
City and bus owners make progress in talks to incorporate the tram into transportation system
Capturing the Cuenca moment
Mayor criticized for lack of leadership and poor relations with the national government
New water plant to increase capacity, maintain quality; Cuenca chef wins Michelin star; Weekend exhibits at the planetarum
Zuleyka
Do you really want to eat fake meat?
Power of Attorney Documents in Ecuador: Best Reasons & Uses of Them, Plus How & How Not to Do So
The birds are missing
Expat Perspectives
Love may not be all you need, but it sure helps
To stand where the Cañari and Inca once stood
Shearing the alpaca in Cañar Province
The soft afternoon glow of dreams
Movies & Dinner in La Guarida: FRIDAY
Movies & Dinner in La Guarida: AUNTIE MA...
VESTA Dance Band at Republica Sur, Saturday, ...
Gran Feria El Mesón Español: more than two ...
Making Enlightened Society Possible – M...
Volunteer Mentors Needed for Move With Balanc...
Super Bowl 2020 Party at Santa Canela’s...
February 02:
Helping Families with Autism and other Disabi...
Helping Families with Autism in Ecuador
Lets sail to the Baltic Capitals on 25 June 2...
June 25:
As city plans for tram start-up, some monthly operating expenses are reduced
Aug 7, 2019 | CuencaHighLife |
Following a review of operational expenses for Cuenca’s tram system, the new city government says it is saving thousands of dollars a month by reducing electricity, personnel and legal costs.
A firm date has still not be announced for the beginning of tram service.
Mayor Pedro Palacios has set a goal of reducing operational expenses by 50 percent in the months before the system begins full operation later this year. An audit of expenses identified a number of area where money can be saved, he says, including the cost of electric power which has been reduced from $22,000 to $13,000 a month. Other savings include a reduction of maintenance staff where the audit identified several cases of “redundancy” in operations.
According to Palacios, work is proceeding in preparation of full tram operation, which he says will begin “as soon as possible.” He continues to insist that no firm start-up date will be announced until he is confident it can be met. “We don’t want to repeat the mistakes of the past,” he says.
Municipal Councilman Cristian Zamora, who heads the council’s transportation committee, says that obstacles to the beginning of operations are in the process of being overcome. “The major one is reaching an agreement with bus owners for eliminating lines that compete with the tram and changing others to the status of feeder lines,” he says. The city can order the changes unilaterally, he adds, but prefers to come to an agreement with owners through negotiation.
Zamora says that tram conductors will soon be properly licensed and that liability insurance secured to protect the city in the case of accidents.
5 thoughts on “As city plans for tram start-up, some monthly operating expenses are reduced”
Marshall Devall says:
I was under the impression that Ecuador was a country under “civil law”, versus “common law” as in the US, which more or less eliminates these common-law lawsuits that clog our US courts, and make people responsible for themselves. I assume that liability insurance is still necessary in this system, even though it would be unlikely that someone would win a huge settlement if they didn’t look before they crossed the street in front of a train and got run over?
Robert Long says:
REDUNDANCY, you mean they don’t need a person to make sure a job was performed and a person to insure the original person that verified the job did check properly and 16 people in a row to make sure the paperwork is correct. This is a nation that loves redundancy. My first exposure was when i first got here and needed to go to immigration to get some paperwork done and you have to hit 8 different windows and the first thing each person does is check the work previously done before moving on and still someone manages to mess it up. This mayor will remove redundancy…GOOD LUCK
To the tranvia supporters in this crowd…you all are fortunate to have this particular mayor at the helm. Reducing operational costs should help with the fare vs. subsidy ratio. Mayor Palacious seems to understand business economics better than the average politician.
The tranvia will need a minimum amount of passengers each day/month to remain economically feasible. The only way to make that work is to force people off the bus and onto the train with feeder lines and bus route restrictions. Passengers will be inconvenienced and the bus operators won’t be happy with a loss of income. The private vehicle drivers play an insignificant role in all this because not many Cuencanos are going to park their cars to ride a train. It’s a mistake to think that putting it all together will be easy. It’s too bad that Pedro Palacious wasn’t Cuenca’s mayor back in 2009. Maybe all this heartache would have been avoided.
Frank Grillo says:
If they really want to reduce vehicular traffic in El Centro as well as increase tram ridership, they need to provide large parking lots on each end of the system to capture those coming in from outlying areas…that should have been done during the construction phase…park and ride, what a concept.
Park and ride is a logical concept in the gringo world. Here in Cuenca, we’re at least 10 years away from that way of thinking. Driving our private vehicles is more of an important status symbol than even the type of clothes that we wear. Tranvia parking lots might eventually show up, just like Christmas trees and Easter bunnies, but they won’t be free.
From Ecuador’s famous artisan markets direct to your home
Ecuador is famous for its vibrant woven textiles, especially from alpaca wool, which has an exquisite texture that gives extra lightness and warmth. The alpacas from the Chimborazo region are known as the ‘Ladies of Chimborazo’ for their especially soft fur and elegance, and the textiles made by indigenous artisans in Otavalo and other areas throughout the Andes are world-renown. Continue reading
Lot/Land for sale
Vilcabamba, Loja
Loja, Loja
Cuenca, Azuay
Quito, Pichincha
idiomART’s New Exhibition, “El Río Canta”, on Tuesday!
Paellas at Calvo & Co.
General Translator in Cuenca
Transporte en camioneta ideal para compras paseos o viajes contactenos
SkyFit get “Fit for Life” with Personal Training and Classes
Reduce sickness, stress – VIP’s In-home caregivers can help
Marc’s Consignment Store in Cuenca
Get the most complete study material for your citizenship test!
Immersion Spanish Courses in Cuenca & Vilcabamba! For family and friends!
Need to renew your Certificate of Deposit? Or change the bank you have it in??
U.S.-style health insurance available in Cuenca
Ramiro and Daniela, who both speak English, have worked diligently to develop a range of health insurance plan options, which include both local and international insurance coverage. Ramiro and Daniela take a personal interest in each of their clients, getting to know each person as an individual. They do not believe that “one size fits all” when it comes to health insurance coverage, and they will help you to choose the best option that suits you. Continue reading
CuencaHighLife’s mission is to publish news, analysis, and opinions about Cuenca, Ecuador, and Latin America, as well as features on Cuenca’s thriving expat community, for the benefit of current and prospective expatriates.
Advertising: jonathan@cuencahighlife.com
Editorial: david@cuencahighlife.com
The Cuenca Dispatch has one simple rule, we don't publish negative news. We want you to ENJOY your time spent with us.
We believe there are more than enough places to find news that will ruin your day! So we publish the paper you grew up with. Relax and remember how much you used to enjoy the newspaper.
Created by GoBig Web Dev | Privacy Policy
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405877
|
__label__wiki
| 0.949509
| 0.949509
|
Spencer Gallagher to step away from driving at season’s end
October 19, 2018 Reid Spencer, NASCAR Wire Service Main Page, NASCAR News, NASCAR Xfinity Series, Top Stories 0
Spencer Gallagher came to the Kansas Speedway media center bearing news—about himself.
“I will no longer be competing in the NASCAR Xfinity Series,” said Gallagher, whose father, Maury Gallagher, founded GMS Racing. “I will be stepping out of that role as a driver and taking on a more managerial role at GMS.
“As of right now, we are absolutely intent on continuing our Xfinity effort, and we aim to win a championship with the quality of stuff we’ve been able to build and the talented people that surround us there at GMS.
Gallagher, who claimed his only Xfinity victory at Talladega in April, said the team currently is talking to a number of drivers eager to fill the seat of the No. 23 Chevrolet.
“As to the ride, we’re interviewing several capable candidates right now,” Gallagher said. “But I want to let everyone know, as of right now, the seat’s open season. I believe we have excellent stuff, and we’re taking auditions, as of right this second.”
Johnny Sauter won the 2016 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series title to give GMS its only title in any of the sanctioning body’s top three touring series.
“All of us at GMS Racing wish Spencer the best in his future endeavors,” said GMS president Mike Beam. “We look forward to what the future holds for this organization, and we will continue to work to build our Xfinity Series program into a championship-caliber team like our trucks.”
Written by: Reid Spencer, NASCAR Wire Service, October 19, 2018
Spencer Gallagher
Clint Bowyer welcomes the Playoff challenges ahead
Joey Logano claims first 2018 pole for Kansas elimination race
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405880
|
__label__wiki
| 0.559793
| 0.559793
|
Guest blog: Creative Producers International - Bristol Lab
Pete Vance, Producer at Watershed for Creative Producers International lifts the lid on the first Residential Lab in Bristol
In April this year I began a dream job at Watershed as Producer on Creative Producers International, a programme designed to enable fifteen Producers from across the world to work towards changes they want to see in their cities and to build a network of practitioners who could share knowledge and experience. Seven of the cohort were nominated by our producing partners and the remaining eight recruited through an open call. We received a huge 544 applications, which validated our belief in the value of a programme that made the producer the focal point. After a challenging selection and interview process, we identified the fifteen remarkable people we would be working with over the next two and a half years. You can read about each of the Creative Producers and our producing partners here.
The first event of our Creative Producers International calendar was a three week residential lab to be held at Watershed’s Pervasive Media Studio which would bring the group together for the first time. We needed to lay the foundations for the work the producers would be involved in, share the values and practice of Watershed and our peers and begin nurturing a network of practitioners who would support, challenge and encourage each other throughout our extended time together (and hopefully beyond).
We carefully crafted a programme that we felt would achieve all these things, but with a group of fifteen very different people coming together for such a long period of time there were still many unknowns; would a group with such varied and extensive experience find what we had planned valuable? Would they bond as a group and want to support each other and collaborate as the programme went on? Would a group of producers, used to taking charge in their field, trust us to lead them on this journey? Would the vast cultural differences between them present difficulties in communication? And, on a personal level, coming from a background of factual television and being relatively new to this world of art and culture which I now call home, could I help lead a group of people far more versed in that world than I? On 2 October this year the Creative Producers arrived at the studio; our questions were soon answered.
©shamphat photography
One of the most fascinating things about this cohort is the huge variety of cultural backgrounds and contexts in which they work, something we were given a glimpse into during the first week of the lab when the Creative Producers each gave a presentation about themselves and their cities. These moments revealed complex differences, but also surprising similarities between communities that on the surface seemed completely unconnected.
Many identified similar challenges creating work in public space, from Liverpool through to Lagos, to the streets of London (more Somerset House’s Karishma here); in these very different communities the Producers spoke of the need for cultural activism and the value of leading by doing. There was also a shared desire to reach out to marginalised communities that had little access to the cultural life of their city. There were unanimous positive responses to Claire Doherty’s talk on the challenges and opportunities of public space and art as disruption and Hilary O’Shaughnessy’s Map Making workshop, which encouraged the group to think differently about their surroundings and to view the world through other perspectives. After both sessions there was a sense that the group were itching to explore the value of these lessons back home.
Other common threads involved the dynamics of privilege (whether in nationality, race, gender or between employed and freelancers) and shared concerns around postcolonialism and navigating the legacy of history. The latter led to Edson Burton joining the group to lead a provocative discussion around the challenges of acknowledging the past whilst striving towards a more inclusive view of the future. Some experiences shared were very individual; Anel from Almaty told her personal story of reinventing identity in post-Soviet Kazakhstan and in a poignant moment Russel from Durban shared that he struggled to relate to the issues faced by many of the group, as they simply had no bearing on his life as a black male living in postcolonial South Africa (more from Anel here and Russel here). It is testament to the individuals in the room and the atmosphere of acceptance and trust created in the lab that such differences were not problematic, but a unique opportunity to learn and widen perspectives.
Read the full blog on Watershed's website here.
Creative Producers International: Meet our global cohort
We are thrilled to announce the fifteen incredibly talented people who will be joining us on Watershed’s new global talent development programme Creative Producers International.
Creative Producers International
We are thrilled to be part of Creative Producers International, a global talent and leadership development programme. If you are working as a creative producer and want to be part of a global network of changemakers apply now.
Open Call: Creative Hub Exchange Programme →
A Colossal Wave - Interview with Marshmallow Laser Feast
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405887
|
__label__cc
| 0.710117
| 0.289883
|
Tag Archives: dobrosav gavric
“LEST WE FORGET”… THE BRUTAL HORRORS OF RELIGIOUS WARFARE … SERBIAN WARLORD ARKAN’S PARAMILITARY TIGERS AND THE SERBIAN PARAMILITARY “SCORPIONS”. ORIGINAL UNIFORMS AND MEMORABILIA WORN DURING THE BOSNIAN WARS 1991-1995 ARE HERE ON DISPLAY AT THE CRIME THROUGH TIME COLLECTION , LITTLEDEAN JAIL.
ORIGINAL ARKAN TIGERS BERETS , WELL WORN , COMPLETE WITH INSIGNIA BADGE
ORIGINAL ARKAN TIGERS BERET , WELL WORN , COMPLETE WITH INSIGNIA BADGE
ORIGINAL ARKAN TIGERS BERET, WELL WORN , COMPLETE WITH INSIGNIA BADGE
ORIGINAL SERBIAN SCORPION INSIGNIA PATCHES
ORIGINAL SERBIAN SCORPION INSIGNIA PATCH
ARKAN BALACLAVA
ORIGINAL ARKAN HELMET
ORIGINAL ARKAN CAMOUFLAGE AMMUNITION VEST , ALSO WORN BY SCORPIONS
WELL WORN , ARKAN PARAMILITARY TIGERS AND SCORPION’S UNIFORM BOOTS
A RARE AND BRIEF INSIGHT HERE ON DISPLAY FOR THE FIRST TIME IN THE UK .
BELOW : ARKAN’S PARAMILITARY TIGERS AND SERBIAN SCORPIONS UNIFORMS ON DISPLAY AT THE CRIME THROUGH TIME ,LITTLEDEAN JAIL, UK
ABOVE: VARIOUS UNIFORMS AND OTHER ASSOCIATED MEMORABILIA ITEMS FROM THE SERBIAN WARLORDS PARAMILITARY TIGERS AND SCORPIONS .
Arkan’s Tigers (or Serbian Volunteer Guard)
ALTERNATE NAME: Serbian Volunteer Guard
LEADER: Zeljko Raznatovic (Arkan)
YEAR ESTABLISHED OR BECAME ACTIVE: 1990
USUAL AREA OF OPERATION: Former Yugoslavia
The Serbian Volunteer Guard (SDG/SSJ) was a semiofficial militia active in the Yugoslavian Civil War. Led by Zeljko Raznatovic (better known as Arkan), the group was accused of a number of incidents of ethnic cleansing in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina, and was later implicated in the Kosovan war. The SDG has also been implicated in extortion, gun-running, political executions, and smuggling.
Besides the Holocaust against Europe’s Jewish population, of all the regions involved in World War II, the people of Yugoslavia were struck most brutally by ethnic conflict and civil war. More than one million Yugoslavs died in the war, mostly at the hands of other Yugoslavs.
Following Axis occupation in 1941, the Nazis installed Croatian fascists, called the Ustasha, to control their own state, and later Bosnia. With a force that left even some Nazis shocked, the Ustasha carried out a program of genocide and forced religious conversion against Croatia and Bosnia’s Serb population. The Serbs responded with the creation of a force known as the Chetniks—a loose alliance of Serb nationalists and royalists—seeking the creation of a Greater Serbia. Like the Ustasha, they waged a brutal genocidal campaign, but largely against Bosnia’s Croat and Muslim populations, who they viewed as Ustasha collaborators. A third force, the communist Partisans, led by Josip Broz (better known as Tito), was predominantly Serb, but included a large number of Muslims, Croats, and Slovenians (Tito was half Croat, half Slovenian). The Partisans fought a two-fronted campaign against the Axis forces and the Chetniks, both of which they eventually crushed.
ZELJKO RAŽNATOVIC (ARKAN)
Zeljko Ražnatovic was born into a Yugoslav military family—his father was a senior air officer in the air force—in Slovenia, in 1952. A teenage delinquent, his father got him involved with the Yugoslavian internal security service, the Ubda, with whom he retained a connection while embarking on a lucrative criminal career in exile. Across northern Europe in the latter 1970s, Ražnatovic was involved in a series of bank robberies and in other violent crimes, linked to Yugoslav crime families in Frankfurt, Norway, and the Benelux countries. It was during this period that he picked up the nom de guerre, Arkan. He was caught often, but had a remarkable habit of escaping jail—in the Netherlands and Germany—and evading arrest—in Sweden and Italy. This is often attributed to his involvement with Ubda. In return, he is believed to have carried out a number of assassinations for Tito. …
HERE BELOW IS A BRIEF INSIGHT INTO AN EXHIBITION AND VARIOUS WORN MILITARY UNIFORM ITEMS AND INSIGNIA ON DISPLAY HERE AT THE CRIME THROUGH TIME COLLECTION , LITTLEDEAN JAIL .
SERBIAN WARLORD AND LEADER OF HIS FEARED PARAMILITARY TIGERS (SERBIAN VOLUNTEER GUARD ) ZELIJKO RAZNATOVIC aka “ARKAN ” WITH HIS TIGER CUB
A MEMBER OF ARKAN’S PARAMILITARY TIGERS WEARING HIS CAMOUFLAGED JUMPSUIT AS IS HERE ON DISPLAY AT THE CRIME THROUGH TIME COLLECTION
ARKAN’S TIGERS IN ACTION KILLING MUSLIMS ON THE STREETS
ARKAN’S TIGERS CAMOUFLAGED JUMPSUIT , BALACLAVA AND HEADGEAR
ARKAN’S TIGERS HELMET
ARKAN’S TIGERS MILITARY INSIGNIA
WELL WORN AND MOTH EATEN ARKAN’S TIGERS MILITARY INSIGNIA
ARKAN’S TIGERS CAMOUFLAGED PEAK CAP AND BADGE
WELL WORN ARKAN’S TIGERS CAMOUFLAGED PEAK CAP AND BADGE
WELL WORN ARKAN’S TIGERS CAMOUFLAGED JUMPSUIT COMPLETE WITH PARAMILITARY ARM PATCHES
REAR OF INSIGNIA SHOWING VELCRO
CLOSE-UP OF JUMPSUIT ZIP
Ražnatović was assassinated, on Saturday, 15 January 2000, 17:05 GMT, in the lobby of Belgrade’s elite InterContinental Hotel, a location where he was surrounded by other hotel guests. The killer, Dobrosav Gavrić, was a 23-year-old police mobile brigade’s junior member. Gavrić had ties to the underworld and was on sick leave at the time. He walked up alone towards his target from behind. Ražnatović was sitting and chatting with two friends and, according to BBC Radio, was filling out a betting slip. Gavrić waited for a few minutes, calmly walked up behind the party, and rapidly fired a succession of bullets from his CZ-99 pistol. Ražnatović was shot in his left eye and lapsed into a coma on the spot. His bodyguard Zvonko Mateović put him into a car, and rushed him to a hospital, but he died on the way.
According to his widow, Svetlana, Ražnatović died in her arms as they were driving to the hospital. His companions Milenko Mandić, a business manager, and Dragan Garić, a police inspector, were also shot to death by Gavrić. Gavrić was shot and wounded immediately after by Mateović and fell unconscious. A female bystander was seriously wounded in the shootout as well. After complicated surgery, Gavrić survived, but remained disabled and confined to a wheelchair as the result of a spinal wound.
Arkan’s grave
Commemoration ceremony in Ražnatović’s honour was held at Dom sindikata on 19 January 2000 with writer Brana Crnčević, Yugoslav Left (JUL) official Aleksandar Vulin, media tycoon Željko Mitrović, singers Oliver Mandić, Toni Montano and Zoran Kalezić, along with the entire first team of FK Obilić with club director Dragoslav Šekularac in attendance.
Željko Ražnatović was buried at Novo groblje with military honours by his volunteers and with funeral rites on 20 January 2000. Around 10,000 people attended the funeral
A BRIEF HISTORICAL INSIGHT INTO THE ATROCITIES OF THE SERBIAN SCORPIONS DURING THE 1991-1995 YUGOSLAVIAN WARS
Below is a live leaks article translated into English
Infamous Srebrenica massacre where Serbs killed over 8000 Bosnian Muslims in summer of 1995.
I have decided to register and post this because I have seen Serbs praising this event and praying it happens again. What is wrong with you?! How would you feel if they shot your family members and buried them somewhere where your family can’t find them to bury them like they deserve to! Think twice what you are celebrating these were CHILDREN. What have they done to you so you would celebrate their deaths why is there this pathological hate for everything Muslim we haven’t done anything wrong to Serbs we lived like neighbours like brothers and today you are sad you didn’t kill MORE?! This is just wrong ,neighbours it’s expected to move on but you are obviously praying for another war more blood spilling between once brotherly nation. I’m disappointed in mankind and those parents that taught children to hate by nation race and religion
Read more at http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=559_1425825864#BtxFjSH2tHuSovqb.99
Posted in Uncategorized | Tagged 1960'S, 1991-1995, ACE FACE SCOOTER, AJ, AK47, ANDY JONES, ARKAN, ARKAN BERET, arkan death, arkan funeral, arkan hero, arkan murder, arkan worship, arkan's grave, arkan's tigers, ASSASSINATED, balkans, belgrade, BLACK MUSEUM, BLACKSHIRTS, bosnia, bosniak, BOSNIAN, bosnian army, BRITISH FASCIST, butcher, chetniks, christian, COLLECTION, CORPERAL PUNISHMENT, CRIME, CRIME BOSS, CRIME COLLECTION, CRIME MEMORABILIA, CRIME MUSEUM, CRIME SCENE, CRIME THROUGH TIME, CRIME THROUGH TIME COLLECTION, croatia, croats, cub, DARTH VADER, DEATH PENALTY, dobrosav gavric, EMPIER STRIKES BACK, erdut, ethnic cleansing, EXECUTIONS, EXHIBITION, football hooligan, FOREST OF DEAN, FOREST OF DEAN COUNCIL, FOREST OF DEAN STOCKS, FOREST OF DEAN TOURISM, GANG, GANGLAND, GENOCIDE, GLOUCESTER, GLOUCESTER TOURISM, GLOUCESTERSHIRE, HANGING, HANGMAN, HIMMLER, HITLER, HOLOCAUST, IMAGES, INPRISONMENT, intercontinental hotel, ISIS, ISLAMIC STATE, JAIL, josip broz, kosovan war, KOSOVO, LITTLEDEAN, LITTLEDEAN JAIL, MAFIA, MAIMERABILIA, malitia, MASS MURDER, MEMORABILIA, migrants, MURDER, MURDERABILIA, MUSEUM, MUSLIM, MUSLMS, NAZI DEATH CAMP, NAZI DEATH CAMP UNIFORM, NAZI HOLOCAUST, nazi ss, raznatovic, refugee crisis, refugees, RELIGIOUS WAR, RELIGIOUS WARFARE, RETURN OF THE JEDI, SCORPION BADGE, SCORPION BERET, SCORPIONS, SCORPIONS PARAMILITARY ARMY, sdg, SERB, SERBIA, SERBIAN, serbian army, serbian butcher, serbian career criminal, serbian volunteer guard, SO CALLED ISIS, ssj, star wars, THE GLOUCESTER CITIZEN, THE GUV'NOR, THE TRUE CRIME MUSEUM, tiger, tito, TRUE CRIME, TRUE CRIME COLLECTIONS, TRUE CRIME MEMORABILIA, TRUE CRIME MUSEUM, USTASHA, vukovar, WAR, war crime, warcrime, WARCRIMES, WARLORD, WARLORDS, YUGOSLAV WARS, YUGOSLAVIA, zeljko raznatovic, zeljkoraz | Leave a reply
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405891
|
__label__wiki
| 0.959194
| 0.959194
|
Is Facebook’s crypto ad ban only for competitors?
Caroline Preece | Blockchain, Crypto, News on Oct 31st, 2018 at 3:28 pm
Online identity management service Bloom has claimed that Facebook banned its ads on the service despite not selling financial products, indicating that it could be because its service conflicts with the social media platform’s own.
According to a report from Yahoo! Finance, advertisements for Bloom were removed under the rule of ‘deceptive financial services products’, which was re-established by Facebook back in June when its blanket ban on cryptocurrency ads was lifted.
However, Bloom does not deal in cryptocurrencies or other financial products, and its use of blockchain technology was cited by Facebook as the reason for its ban.
“They just banned it,” said Bloom co-founder Jesse Leimgruber. “This was a huge killer for us.”
In response a spokesperson for Facebook told CNBC that “we have not shut down their ad account but merely disapproved their ads that promote the cryptocurrency related product. Our policies continue to restrict cryptocurrency-related advertising, as well as prohibit initial coin offerings (ICOs) and binary options as part of our ongoing effort to improve the integrity and security of our ads. But, as noted, we will continue to study, receive feedback, and revise over time.”
What seems to have occurred is a fundamental misunderstanding of blockchain from the folks at Facebook, with a ban on ICO and crypto-related ads meaning that businesses using the new technology are targeted.
Bloom has reportedly spent $300,000 on Facebook ads, which were initially accepted by the social media giant.
“There’s no rule in their ad guidelines that says you can’t compete with them,” Leimgruber added. “Since BMW and other financial institutions are using Bloom as a replacement for Facebook Connect, it’s a threat to them.
“They probably didn’t like that the ads were really pointed and that we ramped up spend after the Facebook hack. They were directed at ‘take back the data’ in the days after the Facebook hack. I’m sure they were very sensitive to this. I think they just needed a way to justify banning us.”
Crypto start-up managed to bypass Facebook ad ban
Facebook recently banned any ads on its platform related to cryptocurrency and ICOs, in the…
Google joining Facebook in crypto ad crackdown
It was revealed earlier in the week that Facebook would be zeroing in on crypto…
Industry experts claim ulterior motives behind crypto ad ban
Experts have claimed there may have been ulterior motives behind Facebook and Google's decision to…
« Finance traditionalists ‘can’t command the tides’, says Nigel Green
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405897
|
__label__wiki
| 0.662323
| 0.662323
|
Defencyclopedia
The Ultimate Defence Encyclopedia
Posted on July 17, 2015 March 4, 2016 by N.R.P
Dragon vs elephant (Part-3): China’s offensive naval ambitions and strategies
This article will try to understand why China has turned to the sea, its naval growth, and if its maritime endeavors are defensive or offensive in nature. These findings will, in turn, determine if India should be concerned by China’s activities, especially in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). This examination begins by studying China’s economic need for the sea, its naval growth and, finally, its maritime objectives. It will examine China’s economic growth and determine if its primary desire is to protect its economy by developing its naval prowess or if that development is, simultaneously, the outcome of a desire for regional hegemony.
Australian researcher Lindsay Hughes, who is now a contributing author for Defencyclopedia, analyses the role and growth of Indian and Chinese navies. This is 3-part series will document the historical, geographical, economic and military reasons responsible for the military buildup and this article is the third one in the series. If you missed the fist & second parts
Dragon vs elephant (Part-1): Indian Navy’s massive modernization drive
Dragon vs elephant (Part-2): Indian Navy’s role in the Indian Ocean
The Maritime Emphasis of China’s Strategy
China’s economic growth over the last three decades has been rapid, making it the world’s second largest economy. China has made manufacture and export a fundamental element of its growth strategy. China has become the world’s largest ship-builder, surpassing Japan and South Korea. The Cosco Shipyard Group, China’s largest ship-builder, has increased manufacturing capacity in all its shipyards. In Dalian capacity rose by 73 per cent by 2005, including the creation of the world’s largest dry dock, which caters to very large crude carriers (VLCC). Also in 2005, citing national security concerns due to a shortage of ships, China’s Department of Transport stated the country needed a fleet of VLCCs capable of transporting more than fifty per cent of its energy products in Chinese hulls, leading to the observation that China’s VLCC fleet will more than double by the middle of this decade.
Cosco shipyard
Dalian Daeyang shipyard
The PLAN comprises 876 vessels including 78 principal surface combat ships and 71 submarines.
China’s ship-building efforts also include naval hulls. Its naval modernization includes the building and creation of platforms, weapons systems, infrastructure and the software to manage these assets. According to The Military Balance 2012, the PLAN comprises 876 vessels including 78 principal surface combat ships and 71 submarines. Arguably the most impressive element of China’s naval modernization has been the growth of its submarine fleet. Since the mid-1990s, it has acquired twelve Kilo-class attack submarines from Russia in addition to building its own Song and Yuan classes. Reportedly China inducted twenty-three indigenously built conventional submarines between 1995 and 2007.
Yuan class submarine of the PLAN
Kilo class submarine of the PLAN
Submarines, however, are not suitable instruments of power projection, so China has also constructed surface strike ships with extended ranges. Over the last decade it has bought or built several destroyers and frigates. These include four Russian Sovremenny-class destroyers, five classes of indigenous destroyers and four classes of frigates. It has also designed and built large amphibious (landing) ships, supply ships to service its long-distance destroyers, and developed naval command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (C4ISR) capabilities.
Modernized and modified export variant of Sovremnny class built for China.
Type 71 amphibious landing ship
A Possible Rationale for China’s Naval Emphasis
China’s stated first priority is to “re-integrate” Taiwan, explaining its need for amphibious ships. It is also creating blue-water capacity beyond the “first island chain” – the Kuril Islands, Japan, the Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, the Philippines and Indonesia. The “second island chain” runs roughly north to south from the Kuril Islands, through Japan, the Bonin, Mariana, and Carolina Islands, and Indonesia. These two lines extend approximately 1,800 nautical miles from China’s east coast. Breaking free of the USA’s domination of the two lines is a key goal of its maritime strategy, explaining why it conducted naval exercises through the first island chain in April 2010.
This strategy is a direct emulation of the USSR’s strategy of equally spaced, roughly parallel sea lines of defence (“thresholds”) situated at varying distances from its coasts, each defended by weapons systems to deny the USA sea access and dominance. The first threshold consisted of surveillance ships, aircraft and, satellites, the second land-based, long-range bombers, and the third submarines. Having acquired the submarines, the rationale for China’s emphasis on developing electronic surveillance systems and an indigenous global positioning system is now apparent.
Xian H-6K bombers have been modernized to carry anti-ship missiles.
Chinese surveillance ships intercepts a Japanese surveillance ship.
Chinese Admiral Liu proposed a “three island chain” approach in 1988, according to which China would establish a permanent blue water presence in the first “island chain”, along a Japan-Taiwan-Philippines axis including the South China Sea by 2010. By 2025 it would establish a similar presence in the second “island chain”, stretching from the Aleutians through the Mariana Islands, to the east coast of Papua New Guinea, and including the Strait of Malacca. By 2050, its reach would extend to the third “island chain”, starting in the Aleutians and ending in Antarctica, including waters off New Zealand and Australia.
China’s economic growth demands a turn to the sea, it is threatened by the USA’s naval dominance in the South and East China Seas. China’s “passage in and out of the open seas is obstructed by two island chains. China’s maritime geostrategic posture is in a semi-closed condition”, “From a geostrategic perspective, China’s heartland faces the sea, the benefits of economic development are increasingly dependent on the sea, and security comes from the sea”. The solution is to develop naval power. A blue-water navy would need to “cast the field of vision of its strategic defence to the open ocean and to develop attack capabilities for battle operations along exterior lines”. This argument could well have been taken from US Navy Admiral Mahan’s writings.
Whoever could control the sea would win the war and change history
Similarly, Professor Ni Lexiong of the Research Institute of War and Culture reminds China of its humiliation by Japan in 1894 – 1895 when the Japanese fleet crushed its navy. Asserting that “the key to winning that war was to gain command of the sea”, he writes that Mahan, … believed that whoever could control the sea would win the war and change history; that command of the sea is achieved through decisive naval battles on the seas; that the outcome of decisive naval battles is determined by the strength of fire power on each side of the engagement.
US and Japanese naval ships in Okinawa
The foregoing examples make the point that China’s naval strategists are becoming increasingly assertive in their outlook. If is therefore probable that China will seek to maintain the security of its commercial SLOCs.
China must guarantee sea-going communications along its coast; these could be threatened by, say, US forces situated in Okinawa which could easily be positioned at the junction of the East China and South China Seas. Since China will not willingly depend on a security umbrella provided by another state, it must securitise the SLOCs which carry its trade and commerce, which is best done by claiming the South China Sea as its own body of water. It claimed virtually the entire sea in 1992, putting this position into domestic law.
China has made clear its willingness to use force to back up its maritime claims. In 1976 its naval forces took the Paracel Islands from Vietnam, and in 1988 the PLAN fought a Vietnamese flotilla to occupy part of the Spratly Islands and install anti-ship missiles on Woody Island. In 1995, after the USA withdrew from the Philippines, China seized Mischief Reef from within the Philippines’s two hundred nautical mile exclusive economic zone and fortified it in 1998.
Chinese YJ-62A land-based anti-ship missiles
In this, China has once again conformed to Mahanian theory: establishing forward bases, extending its outward defence perimeter, strengthening its SLOCs and seeking control over the approaches to the Strait of Malacca, itself the conduit for a full sixth of world trade and the SLOC for vital energy imports for China, Japan and other East Asian countries. Thus, while some analysts might emphasise the potential under-sea hydro-carbon deposits of the East and South China Seas, these seas are strategically important to China because of their geography too. China views them as one continuous ocean. In order to command it, China’s navy must be able to operate freely within it. Thus China claims them and their resources.
General Douglas MacArthur stated that Formosa (Taiwan) was “an unsinkable aircraft carrier”, able to project American power along China’s coast in a containment strategy.
A map of Taiwan shows its proximity to China
Taiwan’s Hsiung Feng III supersonic anti-ship missile acts as a strong deterrent for Chinese naval incursions
This need to defend its international shipping routes requires China to focus on the regional environment, in the first instance, since its SLOCs pass relatively close to Vietnam, Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines and the Strait of Malacca. To China, Taiwan represents the most tangible and immediate impediment to the securitization of its SLOCs and any maritime ambitions it may have in the region and further afield. Its geographic position allows it to thwart virtually all power projection from the mainland. As the map above demonstrates, the island chain of which Taiwan is a major part stretches from Japan to the Philippine archipelago, virtually encompassing the Chinese mainland which arcs into the Pacific Ocean. Taiwan lies off-shore in the center of the Chinese coastline; it has, therefore, the potential to block all of China’s access to the sea. In naval terms, Taiwan can potentially block the Chinese north and south fleets from amassing. It is also the most effective barrier to Chinese naval operations beyond the first island chain. China learned the value of Taiwan in the Korean War of 1950 – 1953.
After US President Truman ordered the Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, General Douglas MacArthur stated that Formosa (Taiwan) was “an unsinkable aircraft carrier”, able to project American power along China’s coast in a containment strategy. The island’s position along with its ties to the USA have caused resentment in Beijing since the CCP cannot achieve its goal of national unification and also poses a major security threat to China’s development.
The Chinese analyst Lin Zhibo sums the situation up: “Militarily, Taiwan is a potential which the USA could use in the western Pacific. The use of Taiwan could enable effective control of sea lines of communication between Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia and the Middle East. … Thus the USA sees Taiwan as “an unsinkable aircraft carrier”, giving it a maximum degree of control over China’s East and South Sea fleets. Lin probably had the implied threat posed by two US carrier groups deliberately positioned in the vicinity during the Taiwan Crisis of 1996 in mind when he wrote that.
The US Navy deployed 2 carriers during the Taiwan crisis
To overcome this handicap, China must possess a navy capable of circling the island at will. This could explain its massive ship-building program. On the other hand, “unifying” Taiwan with the mainland will be more to Beijing’s liking since the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) will have taken another step towards its stated goal of “unifying” China. It could be argued that nationalism presses the CCP to integrate Taiwan with the mainland.
It is reasonable to assume that Beijing will turn its attention to the Indian Ocean once it has secured the East China, Yellow and South China Seas to its satisfaction. That is of little surprise. Since it is energy products which fuel China’s economy, and since China is a net importer of energy, it must necessarily secure its energy-focussed SLOCs. The question, however, must be asked: are China’s efforts in the Indian Ocean an attempt to securitise its energy SLOCs or aimed towards something else? This question will be answered by examining China’s activities in the region.
There are a number of compelling reasons that drive China to modernise its navy. Its energy imports play too important a part in its economic development to risk its safety. China imports the bulk of its oil from the Persian Gulf and the Horn of Africa, forcing it to look carefully at its energy SLOCs, especially as they converge at the Strait of Malacca, through which over 75 per cent passes.
It is no exaggeration to say that whoever controls the Strait of Malacca will also have a stranglehold on the energy route of China. Excessive reliance on this strait has brought an important potential threat to China’s energy security.
A 2005 report by US defence contractor Booz, Allen and Hamilton alleged China had a long-term geo-strategy to construct military bases and facilities in areas proximate to its trade and energy SLOCs. Called its “String of Pearls”, the document alleged China was creating bases in the South China Sea, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Africa, the Suez Canal, Venezuela and the Panama Canal – all sources of China’s energy imports or close to its trade and energy SLOCs. In the IOR they stretch from Hainan Island in China’s south to the Horn of Africa and include Woody Island in the South China Sea, Sittwe in Myanmar, Chittagong in Bangladesh, Hambantota in Sri Lanka, Harao in the Maldives, Gwadar in Pakistan, and points in Kenya and Sudan. The strategy included a proposal to create a canal through Thailand’s Kra Isthmus so as to bypass the Malacca Strait. One report indicates China has concluded a secret treaty to construct a submarine base in the Maldives. This however may never be realized due to India’s rapidly growing relationship with the Maldives and the recent deal to place Indian surveillance radars on the islands.
Lindsay Hughes is a Senior Research Analyst at Future Directions International, a think-tank established by the former Governor General of Australia, Major General the Hon. Michael Jeffery. He specializes in the security and politics of the Indo-Pacific region, with an emphasis on the Sub-continent and China.
Edited by N.R.P
Enjoyed reading the article? Rate it below.
You may also like The ultimate showdown: (Part-1) Arleigh Burke v/s Daring class destroyers
CategoriesMilitary, Navy TagsChina, India, Navy, Ships, Submarines, Taiwan, USA
30 Replies to “Dragon vs elephant (Part-3): China’s offensive naval ambitions and strategies”
Elango says:
Write a detailed article on Chinese submarine force
Diwakar says:
Very good article would you plz post a detail on Chinese army navy or airforce
Neel Maitra says:
Please write about USS Carl Vincent.
ika rubby says:
Great Geopolitics analysis, this add more point we not discuss only on military stuff but also any background that give the acceleration for military growth on southeast asia china and india
Great…cheerrss…
N.R.P says:
VIKRAM GUHA says:
Just last month the Indian Navy had detailed discussion with the US regarding the construction of an Aircraft Carrier. However, earlier this week the Indian Navy issued a Letter of Request(LoR) asking for proposals from Lockheed Martin; BAE Systems, DCNS, and Rosoboronexport to help in designing a 65,000 tonne carrier.
Does this mean talks have broken down between INDIA & US?
It’s just a formality. US will be chosen. And US help will be taken in designing some parts. Other companies will be involved in designing other parts of the carrier.
JILBIN GEORGE says:
Good article… clearly showing the outreach plan of China.. As time passes by we will be able to see India & other countries manoeuvres in this regard…
Arushi Kumar says:
Hi, thanks for a great article. What would be the correct/preferred way to cite this? 🙂
Pingback: Lo sviluppo navale cinese | Aurora
Pingback: Lo sviluppo navale cinese
Deep Blue says:
How do Indian Navy sailers/officers match up to their Chinese counterpart? When the first rocket is fired, experience kicks in and in that very moment everything is decided. No matter who has a more advance ship. Don’t you think? Has China gone a naval war post cold war?
I would pick the Indian Navy’s sailors any day given a choice over Chinese ones. Their training is way better.
ARAVIND says:
Can our K15 ballistic missile be converted into anti ship missile like chinese one..?
Theoretically yes.
Will you write about small arms?
Small arms is not one of my areas of expertise and i’m looking for a contributor to cover that topic.
1) Do chinese navy holds an edge in air defence cover over Indian navy [having S-300] and three layered air defence.
2)Is india’s two layered air defence (barak 8 and AK 630) is effective compared to other navies which have atleast three layered air defence.
3) Do Ak 630 CIWS comparable to Phalanx CIWS
PINTU says:
By what year, Indian Navy will get Trident-II like SLBM?
I don’t think they will go for that. Their K-4 which will be installed is 3500+ km category which is enough as their threats are also nearby. They don’t need a 10,000 km range SLBM.
Do you have some knowledge about India’s own SSN? They are planning 6 of them. Any idea about specifications?
No details are released. I can however speculate.
Similar in size to Akula 2 class subs.
10-16 VLS for cruise missiles.
30+ knots speed.
8 torpedo tubes, 533 mm
Pingback: Lo sviluppo navale cinese | 9 Dicembre Forconi
r1ttan says:
the problem here is, if China goes to war, the ensuing battle between the USN and the JMSDF will obliterate the PLAN
China is already at a disadvantage against the 7th Fleet and the JMSDF, if they continue to wait, Taiwan’s fleet and the ROKN will soon become a threat too, and if they keep on waiting, then the Philippine, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Navies will also become threats
R1TTAN No you are wrong. The JMSDF and 7th fleet all just have 8 slow subsonic harpoon anti ship missile. Those are for self defence only and they would destroy instantly under China numerous stealth boats and frigates and destroyer and also anti ship ballistic missile the DF 21D and DF 26. And also ultra quiet diesel subs. And why do you think china would anyone anytime soon? When was the last time when china invade a country unlike the imperialist Americans that invaded numerous countries like Iraq Afghanistan Sudan Libya and Syria and next up is Iran
If anyone is interested in a indo-china war read dragonfire by humphry hawksly. NRP can u do a post on possible war scenario between india, Pakistan and china? please!!
All of those narrow first island chain straights. Fifteen Virginia class SSNs able to sink any ship at will. Park a few of CSGs 1500 miles from China and interdict all shipping. The Chinese economy, and perhaps government, will not last six months. 200 hundred million unemployed Chinese. That is how a US – China SCS war will unfold.
Vasudev Pandit says:
you are giving good articles every time.however defense enthusiast like me me will be more benefited if you give complete working of all warships,aircraft,and like.e.g.all components and weapons of frigates etc.
Previous PostPrevious The Ultimate Showdown: (Part-2) Arleigh Burke v/s Daring Class Destroyers
Next PostNext Pantsyr S1 : Russia’s deadly short range air defense system
Our Latest Article: Defencyclopedia
Top 10 Amazing Helicopters of the US Military
defencyclopedia@gmail.com
Top 10 Most Powerful Frigates in The World
Top 10 Most Powerful Destroyers In The World
Analysis : Importance of Naval Guns on a Modern Warship
Top 10 Most Powerful Weapons of The Russian Military
Top 10 Most Powerful Weapons of The Indian Military
The Ultimate Showdown: (Part-1) Arleigh Burke v/s Daring Class Destroyers
Top 10 Most Powerful Weapons Of The French Military
Top 10 Most Powerful Weapons of The Israeli Military
Explained : How Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) Works!
Follow Defencyclopedia on WordPress.com
N.R.P
The complete archives of our articles
The complete archives of our articles Select Month July 2017 (1) May 2017 (1) April 2017 (3) December 2016 (3) November 2016 (2) October 2016 (2) July 2016 (1) May 2016 (1) March 2016 (1) February 2016 (2) January 2016 (1) November 2015 (2) October 2015 (2) September 2015 (3) August 2015 (3) July 2015 (5) June 2015 (4) May 2015 (2) April 2015 (1) March 2015 (2) February 2015 (1) January 2015 (5) December 2014 (1) October 2014 (1) September 2014 (1) August 2014 (4) July 2014 (2) June 2014 (2) May 2014 (4) April 2014 (3)
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405898
|
__label__wiki
| 0.549069
| 0.549069
|
<html> element must have a valid value for the lang attribute
Rule ID: html-lang-valid
Accessibility Testing Designed for Developers - No Training Required
Join Deque's exclusive beta testing community and help us reach our goal of accessibility as standard part of every sprint by 2022.
3.1.1 Language of Page
Add a lang or xml:lang attribute to the html element (e.g. <html lang="en"> or <html xml:lang="en">) whose value represents the primary language of document.
Make sure you identify a language in the opening <html> element and spell the attribute correctly. For example, if the primary language of a document is English, you could specify the language as follows:
<!--document head and body-->
If you would like, you can even specify some dialects with codes such as "en-US" to signify American English or "fr-CA" for Canadian French. You can find a list of language and dialect codes on the internet.
If the language changes within a document, you can specify this as follows:
<p>Text in one language <span lang="es">text in another language</span></p>
If you are using a language that is written right to left, be sure to specify this using the dir attribute:
<p lang="ar" dir="rtl">Arabic text here</p>
If you would like to specify that a language is written left to right, you can fill the value of the dir attribute with the value "ltr".
When configuring a screen reader, users select a default language. If the language of a webpage is not specified, the screen reader assumes the default language set by the user. Language settings are an issue for users who speak multiple languages and access website in more than one language. It is essential to specify a language and ensure that it is valid so website text is pronounced correctly.
Screen readers use different sound libraries for each language, based on the pronunciation and characteristics of that language. Screen readers can switch between these language libraries easily, but only if the documents correctly specify which language(s) to read. If the language is not specified, the screen reader reads the document in the user's default language, resulting in a confusing accent! It is impossible to understand anything when screen readers are using the wrong language library.
The HTML document must contain a valid lang attribute or must correspond to a valid lang code for multilingual screen reader users who may prefer a language other than the default.
Ensures that every HTML document has a lang or xml:lang attribute and that the attribute's value is valid value.
H57: Using language attributes on the html element
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405901
|
__label__wiki
| 0.80495
| 0.80495
|
Detroit Mayor Mike Duggan points out the city’s Birwood Street segregation wall, built in the 1940s to satisfy federal housing policy mandating separation of blacks and whites.
Sometimes, maybe it does take Nixon to go to China. Or, in this case, a white guy from Livonia to school a bunch of rich white guys about the history of official racial apartheid in Detroit. (Full video here.)
Not that others didn’t try before. Coleman Young (senior) did, with more humor (and expletives). But there was no way the lily-white suburbs were going to listen to frank talk about racism from the first black mayor of Detroit.
Indeed, none of the history Duggan described was news to most black Detroiters, or anyone who’s read Thomas Sugrue’s “The Origins of the Urban Crisis,” the main source for Duggan’s talk, first published more than twenty years ago.
Still, it means something for the mayor to have made a public acknowledgment of decades of state-sponsored white supremacy. Duggan deserves some credit – as do the aides (likely including Maurice Cox, and perhaps Aaron Foley) who pushed him to speak these truths. Even if he is, after all, the mayor of the blackest big city in the nation. Even if the comments did include some back-handed swaps at his mayoral opponent, Coleman Young II, who Duggan implicitly compared, rather laughably, to the white supremacist 1950s mayor Albert Cobo.
What Duggan didn’t mention – and perhaps could not have mentioned, given the politics of the region – was how the apartheid city policy of the 1940s and 1950s became a system of metropolitan apartheid in the decades that followed. How the racist policies of mayors like Cobo, a champion of expressways and a foe of desegregated public housing, rapidly became the regional segregation enforced by suburban sultans like Oakland County Executive Brooks Patterson, a champion of expressways and a foe of desegregated schools (as well as regional transit). Or like Duggan’s own departed mentor, former Livonia mayor and Wayne County Executive Ed McNamara.
Fifty-plus years after the fact, it remains, to some extent, astonishing to hear a leading white elected official in metro Detroit talk about racial segregation and inequality. But that, in itself, should give us pause.
When it comes to confronting the demons of metropolitan segregation and inequality – the forces that stripped democracy from Detroit and a dozen other cities, that have prevented regional transit, poisoned the children of Flint, and this year will bring about thousands of water shutoffs and foreclosures in the city of Detroit alone – well, let’s just say we have a long way to go.
Author Joel BattermanPosted on June 1, 2017 Categories Mike Duggan, RacismLeave a comment on Duggan Does Race
Detroit Democrat Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405904
|
__label__cc
| 0.601896
| 0.398104
|
Second Lawsuit Challenges Controversial Rent Rules
Major Building Construction Projects
DOB Expedites New Façade Inspection Rules
Is Your View a Property Right?
How Often Should Windows Be Cleaned & Inspected?
2020 January — Current Issue
Facade Safety The Cost of Inspections
By W.B. King 2016 March Exterior Maintenance
Whether a building is six stories or sixty, ensuring that its façade is architecturally sound is a paramount concern shared by New York City regulators, boards and managers alike. Why? Loose bricks and crumbling debris could cause property damage, serious injury, even death. To this end, safety violations are enforced by law, and sometimes at a great cost.
Local Law 11 Becomes FISP
“The exterior walls of all buildings, old and new, exhibit distinctive forms of deterioration, depending on materials of construction and their age,” says David May, RA, LEED AP and principal at the New York City-based SUPERSTRUCTURES, an architectural and structural engineering firm specializing in the inspection and restoration of building facades for over 30 years.
May’s perspective is unique as he also serves as board president of a 215-unit Manhattan co-op, which recently completed a major façade restoration project addressing (prior) Cycle 7 Safe With a Repair and Maintenance Program (SWARMP) conditions. To this end, he has a thorough understanding of Local Law 11, now known as the Facade Inspection Safety Program (FISP).
“LL11/FISP is historically perceived as a nuisance for building owners. We’d all rather spend the hard-to-come-by funds on lobby re-decorations, roof decks, gyms, playrooms and other amenities,” says May. “Nevertheless, we recommend that owners make the best of the LL11/FISP program by taking a somewhat longer view, and exploiting the opportunity to invest in preventive maintenance of the building’s exterior envelope, to actively forestall future deterioration.”
Understanding FISP
The Facade Inspection Safety Program (FISP) requires that owners of buildings greater than six stories must have respective buildings’ exterior walls and appurtenances inspected once every five years and file a technical report to the Department of Buildings (DOB). The details of the FISP definition are often easier to state than execute.
Robert Grant, director of management for the New York City-based Midboro Management, Inc. explains that the current Inspection Cycle (Cycle 8) runs from February 21, 2015 to February 21, 2020. Cycle 8 is staggered into 3 sub-cycles: Cycle 8A, Cycle 8B and Cycle 8C, which run every two years, respectively. The building number selection process is arbitrary. For example, the last digit of the building’s block number determines the sub-cycles in which the report must be filed. For example, Cycle A is for numbers ending in 4, 5, 6, or 9 and runs from February 21, 2015 to February 21, 2017.
“The building has to be within these filing dates, and you can’t file early,” says Grant. “In order to file a report, the building has to have had an inspection and it was determined that the building was completely safe, safe with a repair and maintenance program to be completed within a four to five year period or conditions were found that were not safe and those violations have to be fixed right away.”
For those buildings that failed to submit a Cycle 7 report, the Department of Buildings states on its website that all is not lost for these building owners. “In the interest of public safety, the Department of Buildings is offering an Amnesty Program to owners who failed to file a Façade Inspection Safety Report (FISP) during Cycle 7,” the website notes. “The FISP Cycle 7 reporting period ended on February 20, 2015.”
If a building falls in Cycle 8A, May says the first step is to review the prior Cycle 7 report to understand what, if any, repairs of Cycle 7 SWARMP conditions are required to avoid their classification as unsafe.
“If your Cycle 7 report classified the building as safe, or if you have already addressed Cycle 7 SWARMP conditions: Congratulations! All you have to do is conduct the Cycle 8 critical examination,” says May. “We are now midway through sub-cycle 8A, which commenced in February 2015. Compliance for 8A buildings is required just over 12 months from now, in February 2017.”
The second recommended step is to retain the services of a qualified and experienced professional such as a Qualified Exterior Wall Inspector (QEWI) to conduct the Cycle 8 FISP/LL11 examination and file the report with the DOB.
“The importance of selecting a consultant with experience and seasoned judgment should not be underestimated. Specialized professional firms are able to take advantage of Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation (NDT&E) methods of investigating exterior walls,” says May. “Furthermore, depending on the condition of the exterior walls, and based on the outcome of the investigation and reporting process, the board may decide to continue to work with the QEWI on any required façade repair project.”
For buildings owners and boards, undertaking any FISP project can be daunting. The best case scenario is that the building is deemed safe, but often there are violations and these aren’t usually cheap fixes. To this end, allocated funds are required which in condos may require a special assessment or in co-ops, perhaps a loan application.
“We always recommend that each and every year the co-op increase maintenance, even if it does not need additional funds for that given year, it is a good habit to get comfortable with,” says Harley Seligman, vice president for the New York City-based National Cooperative Bank. “This not only increases reserves but will also, mentally get shareholders accustomed to changing maintenance numbers.”
Since there aren’t many “typical” FISP projects, the cost can run the gamut, explains Grant. Projects can equate to a few hundred thousand dollars to more than one million. In 2014, for example, the building code local law was amended so that the building’s architect now has to list in his or her local law report that all the building’s railings were inspected and that they are safe or they are unsafe. The problem was that nearly every building in the New York City had submitted its Cycle 7 report. The amendment required architects to be re-hired.
“You can’t inspect balcony railings from a scaffold drop, so the management team has to arrange for the architect to gain access to every single balcony in the building,” says Grant. “Building owners then had to file an affidavit, which is essentially an amendment, to the Cycle 7 report stating the building was in compliance. God help those building owners whose balconies weren’t deemed safe.”
As a result of the amended law, there is now an extra level of costs for balcony inspection. Grant recently undertook such a project for a building that had 90 balconies. “If you have a building with a lot of amenity spaces, you can easily add between $100,000 and $200,000 to the project,” says Grant. “This doesn’t include the cost of actual having work to do; it’s just for the cost of the architect inspecting every balcony.”
How—and When—to Pay for FISP
The bottom line for building owners and boards is that FISP will require significant funds. How much money is spent and how long the process takes can be mediated with due diligence.
“In the event a façade repair program is required, a detailed set of drawings and a thorough specification, based on a comprehensive investigation by an experienced QEWI will reduce the number of costly surprises and change orders during the construction phase,” says May. “With detailed plans you are in a better bargaining position to buy the project during the bid phase. You also get better prices. When contractors know what they are supposed to provide they can price the project more realistically, and more accurately.”
When bids are accepted is when buildings understand how much money they have in the coffers and what they need in order to make ends meet. “When these projects reach our desk, they usually are calling to get a loan,” says Seligman. “Most buildings we speak to are debating between special assessment or a loan.”
In Grant’s view, good management means a board is continually updating its five year capital plan. For example, when a building finished it Cycle 7 report, they board should know that in five years a significant amount of capital cost will be required. Co-ops, he adds, have a “much easier” time borrowing money as these buildings usually have a line of credit with their mortgage
“It would be unusual for a building to pay for these projects with a maintenance increase,” says Grant. “What most buildings do is to figure out the project budget and they may have half of the money in reserves and they might gain the other half through assessments. In other cases, the reserve fund is low and the building has to raise 100 percent of the money. It’s a big decision that the board has to make.”
For building with credit lines, more options exist. For example, the building could pay for the FISP project from an existing credit line. The loan is paid back via an assessment. The assessment per unit doesn’t change; the manner in how it is paid is the difference. “The unit owner or shareholder can pay their share in one payment upfront or they can pay it back over a period of years but they are charged an interest because the credit line has an interest rate.”
In May’s experience, one of the major expenses in a façade restoration project involves the contractor’s mobilization and rigging of the building. He suggests maximizing the contractor’s role by proactively addressing potential building issues that could cause a violation in the future.
“Take this opportunity to install sealant at windows and A/C grilles, point deteriorated masonry, attend to the interior face of parapets and flashings,” says May. “My own building was able to install a roof deck at a greatly reduced cost in concert with a roof replacement project, which was not required by LL11/FISP, but undertaken concurrently with a façade repair campaign.”
When budgeting for time, Foster says this is also hard to estimate as there are many moving parts that can turn into drawbacks. These pitfalls can stall projects for several months. Experts agree that early and amenable communication with city agencies and neighbors, that will be impacted, as well as commercial tenants, is critical to the success of a FISP project.
“To protect your neighbors building, the negotiation process, for example, could hold up a project, especially neighbors at a lower elevation,” says Grant. “If you are in a landmark district, you first have to file with that agency. This greatly slows the planning of a project. Communication is extremely important.”
W. Brad King is a freelance writer and a frequent contributor to The Cooperator.
Physical Inspections to Replace Visual-Only Methods
What Do You Look For?
What They’re Looking for, and When
Facade Repair and Restoration
How to Know When It’s Time
Balcony Enclosures: An Update
Some Good News for Boards Concerned Over the Legal Status of Such Enclosures
Means, Methods, and Materials
Marc on Tuesday, February 14, 2017 10:16 PM
For a 2012 new construction condo in Brooklyn - 7 floors; ground floor is small private school, then 2 apartments per floor for the next 5 floors (all have a balcony, total 10 apartments), then 7th floor is a communal gym area and half of it is open roof. This is our first facade inspection and we have been advised as long as they can get access to every balcony, we don't need scaffolding. They advised approx 2 hours for the job. Price just over $5,000. Is this reasonable? $2,500+ per hour seems like one hell of a lot of money...
Tue, Jan 21, 9:00pm – 12:00am
NYC DOB: Homeowners Night
Tue, Jan 21, 9:00pm – 12:00am add to calendar 21-01-2020 21:00 22-01-2020 00:00 America/New_York NYC DOB: Homeowners Night If you are a homeowner, tenant, small business owner or building manager, we encourage you to visit your local borough office where Department of Buildings staff can answer your questions and provide the information you need.Permits, construction codes, zoning regulations, sign offs, certificates of occupancy, place of assembly, equipment installations, violations and civil penalties are just a few of the things we can assist you with. Our plan examiners, inspectors and staff are here to help you build and live safely in New York City – no appointment needed. For information, visit https://www1.nyc.gov/site/buildings/homeowner/homeowner.page. MM/DD/YYYY
If you are a homeowner, tenant, small business owner or building manager, we encourage you to visit your local borough office where Department of Buildings staff can answer your questions and provide the information you need.Permits, construction codes, zoning regulations, sign offs, certificates of occupancy, place of assembly, equipment installations, violations and civil penalties are just a few of the things we can assist you with. Our plan examiners, inspectors and staff are here to help you build and live safely in New York City – no appointment needed. For information, visit https://www1.nyc.gov/site/buildings/homeowner/homeowner.page.
Tue, Feb 4, 9:00pm – 12:00am
Tue, Feb 4, 9:00pm – 12:00am add to calendar 04-02-2020 21:00 05-02-2020 00:00 America/New_York NYC DOB: Homeowners Night If you are a homeowner, tenant, small business owner or building manager, we encourage you to visit your local borough office where Department of Buildings staff can answer your questions and provide the information you need.Permits, construction codes, zoning regulations, sign offs, certificates of occupancy, place of assembly, equipment installations, violations and civil penalties are just a few of the things we can assist you with. Our plan examiners, inspectors and staff are here to help you build and live safely in New York City – no appointment needed. For information, visit https://www1.nyc.gov/site/buildings/homeowner/homeowner.page. MM/DD/YYYY
Tue, Feb 11, 9:00pm – 12:00am
Tue, Feb 11, 9:00pm – 12:00am add to calendar 11-02-2020 21:00 12-02-2020 00:00 America/New_York NYC DOB: Homeowners Night If you are a homeowner, tenant, small business owner or building manager, we encourage you to visit your local borough office where Department of Buildings staff can answer your questions and provide the information you need.Permits, construction codes, zoning regulations, sign offs, certificates of occupancy, place of assembly, equipment installations, violations and civil penalties are just a few of the things we can assist you with. Our plan examiners, inspectors and staff are here to help you build and live safely in New York City – no appointment needed. For information, visit https://www1.nyc.gov/site/buildings/homeowner/homeowner.page. MM/DD/YYYY
Tue, Mar 3, 9:00pm – 12:00am
Tue, Mar 3, 9:00pm – 12:00am add to calendar 03-03-2020 21:00 04-03-2020 00:00 America/New_York NYC DOB: Homeowners Night If you are a homeowner, tenant, small business owner or building manager, we encourage you to visit your local borough office where Department of Buildings staff can answer your questions and provide the information you need.Permits, construction codes, zoning regulations, sign offs, certificates of occupancy, place of assembly, equipment installations, violations and civil penalties are just a few of the things we can assist you with. Our plan examiners, inspectors and staff are here to help you build and live safely in New York City – no appointment needed. For information, visit https://www1.nyc.gov/site/buildings/homeowner/homeowner.page. MM/DD/YYYY
Tue, Mar 10, 8:00pm – 11:00pm
Tue, Mar 10, 8:00pm – 11:00pm add to calendar 10-03-2020 20:00 10-03-2020 23:00 America/New_York NYC DOB: Homeowners Night If you are a homeowner, tenant, small business owner or building manager, we encourage you to visit your local borough office where Department of Buildings staff can answer your questions and provide the information you need.Permits, construction codes, zoning regulations, sign offs, certificates of occupancy, place of assembly, equipment installations, violations and civil penalties are just a few of the things we can assist you with. Our plan examiners, inspectors and staff are here to help you build and live safely in New York City – no appointment needed. For information, visit https://www1.nyc.gov/site/buildings/homeowner/homeowner.page. MM/DD/YYYY
Tue, Apr 7, 8:00pm – 11:00pm
Tue, Apr 7, 8:00pm – 11:00pm add to calendar 07-04-2020 20:00 07-04-2020 23:00 America/New_York NYC DOB: Homeowners Night If you are a homeowner, tenant, small business owner or building manager, we encourage you to visit your local borough office where Department of Buildings staff can answer your questions and provide the information you need.Permits, construction codes, zoning regulations, sign offs, certificates of occupancy, place of assembly, equipment installations, violations and civil penalties are just a few of the things we can assist you with. Our plan examiners, inspectors and staff are here to help you build and live safely in New York City – no appointment needed. For information, visit https://www1.nyc.gov/site/buildings/homeowner/homeowner.page. MM/DD/YYYY
Tue, Apr 14, 8:00pm – 11:00pm
Tue, Apr 14, 8:00pm – 11:00pm add to calendar 14-04-2020 20:00 14-04-2020 23:00 America/New_York NYC DOB: Homeowners Night If you are a homeowner, tenant, small business owner or building manager, we encourage you to visit your local borough office where Department of Buildings staff can answer your questions and provide the information you need.Permits, construction codes, zoning regulations, sign offs, certificates of occupancy, place of assembly, equipment installations, violations and civil penalties are just a few of the things we can assist you with. Our plan examiners, inspectors and staff are here to help you build and live safely in New York City – no appointment needed. For information, visit https://www1.nyc.gov/site/buildings/homeowner/homeowner.page. MM/DD/YYYY
Tue, May 5, 8:00pm – 11:00pm
Tue, May 5, 8:00pm – 11:00pm add to calendar 05-05-2020 20:00 05-05-2020 23:00 America/New_York NYC DOB: Homeowners Night If you are a homeowner, tenant, small business owner or building manager, we encourage you to visit your local borough office where Department of Buildings staff can answer your questions and provide the information you need.Permits, construction codes, zoning regulations, sign offs, certificates of occupancy, place of assembly, equipment installations, violations and civil penalties are just a few of the things we can assist you with. Our plan examiners, inspectors and staff are here to help you build and live safely in New York City – no appointment needed. For information, visit https://www1.nyc.gov/site/buildings/homeowner/homeowner.page. MM/DD/YYYY
Tue, May 12, 8:00pm – 11:00pm
Tue, May 12, 8:00pm – 11:00pm add to calendar 12-05-2020 20:00 12-05-2020 23:00 America/New_York NYC DOB: Homeowners Night If you are a homeowner, tenant, small business owner or building manager, we encourage you to visit your local borough office where Department of Buildings staff can answer your questions and provide the information you need.Permits, construction codes, zoning regulations, sign offs, certificates of occupancy, place of assembly, equipment installations, violations and civil penalties are just a few of the things we can assist you with. Our plan examiners, inspectors and staff are here to help you build and live safely in New York City – no appointment needed. For information, visit https://www1.nyc.gov/site/buildings/homeowner/homeowner.page. MM/DD/YYYY
Tue, Jun 2, 8:00pm – 11:00pm
Tue, Jun 2, 8:00pm – 11:00pm add to calendar 02-06-2020 20:00 02-06-2020 23:00 America/New_York NYC DOB: Homeowners Night If you are a homeowner, tenant, small business owner or building manager, we encourage you to visit your local borough office where Department of Buildings staff can answer your questions and provide the information you need.Permits, construction codes, zoning regulations, sign offs, certificates of occupancy, place of assembly, equipment installations, violations and civil penalties are just a few of the things we can assist you with. Our plan examiners, inspectors and staff are here to help you build and live safely in New York City – no appointment needed. For information, visit https://www1.nyc.gov/site/buildings/homeowner/homeowner.page. MM/DD/YYYY
1/17/2020 How Motorized Window Treatments Help Fight Sun Glare—Residential Tech Today
It was a co-op apartment upgrade that sounded great on paper. Our 58-year-old building in New York City was finally getting a window overhaul: full-pane windows to replace legacy double-hung units that sometimes wouldn’t open and other times wouldn’t close. But as the installation date approached, we were so focused on the upheaval of the window frame removal that we didn’t anticipate the shade situation.
1/17/2020 You’re Never Too Old to Apply for a Mortgage—Mansion Global
Mary Babinski, a senior loan officer with Motto Mortgage Champions in Trinity, Fla., recently wrote a 30-year loan for a retiree buying a home in New Port Richey. He had no problem qualifying, but he was surprised he could nonetheless.
1/16/2020 Why Manhattan’s Skyscrapers Are Empty—The Atlantic
In Manhattan, the homeless shelters are full, and the luxury skyscrapers are vacant.
1/16/2020 The woman influencing the face of luxury real estate—Thrive Global
Meet Janine Yorio, the CEO and founder of Compound, a new app that is reimagining how the world invests in urban residential real estate.
1/16/2020 Tour the Bespoke NYC Co-Op of Two Art-World Maestros—Architectural Digest
Manhattan-based Richard Rabel founded his interiors and art-advising firm eight years ago, but his passion for design first revealed itself decades prior, when, as a child, he would sketch stools and other furnishings.
1/15/2020 REBNY fighting to keep New York City strong—Real Estate Weekly
Throughout 2019, REBNY educated policymakers and the broader New York public about misguided City Council proposals to impose commercial rent control on the city’s commercial real estate market, as well an idea by the Mayor to implement a vacancy tax.
1/15/2020 De Blasio administration, NYC Council poised to backtrack on penalties to affordable co-ops—New York Daily News
Mayor de Blasio’s administration voiced support Monday for measures that would exempt affordable co-ops from a law that requires owners register them with the city.
1/15/2020 Yet Another Zoning Fight That’s All about Protecting the Rich—New York Post
Not in my backyard — NIMBY — never dies. More than that, it doesn’t even change its tune.
1/14/2020 New York Seeks Cause of Water-Main Break That Unleashed Flooding—The Wall Street Journal
Investigators were working to determine the cause of a water-main break in Manhattan that flooded streets and crippled subway service during the Monday morning rush hour, with the weekend’s unseasonably warm weather being explored as a factor, New York City officials said.
1/14/2020 Unsold Manhattan Condos Get New Year’s Makeovers—Crain's
For a Manhattan condo developer in a slowing sales market, the request from an international travel website was irresistible: Let us furnish 20 of your unsold units and offer our users a two-night stay.
1/14/2020 How the Rise and Fall of the Luxury Condo Building Boom Transformed Brooklyn—Brownstoner
In the last decade, more than 250 luxury condo buildings went up in Brooklyn, bringing thousands of units to the borough and dramatically altering its character.
1/10/2020 Jonathan Rose Companies acquires Astoria building from Goodwill—QNS.com
Johnathan Rose Companies acquired Goodwill Terrace Apartments, a 202-unit property in Astoria, for about $35 million, the company announced on Wednesday, Jan. 8.
1/10/2020 Est4te Four gets $74M inventory loan for Red Hook condo—The Real Deal
Italian developer Est4te Four closed a $74 million inventory loan for its stalled, 70-unit condominium in Red Hook.
1/10/2020 RealReal CEO Julie Wainwright buys $6.75M condo in Woolworth Building—NY Post
Julie Wainwright — the founder and CEO of The RealReal, an online consignment shop for the resale of luxury goods — has bought a condo at the Woolworth Tower Residences for $6.75 million.
1/10/2020 Trump Jr and Ivanka Trump ‘knew they were lying’ over ploy to sell condos, book claims—The Guardian
Donald Trump Jr and Ivanka Trump took part in a fraudulent scheme to sell units in a luxury New York condominium-hotel and “knew they were lying”, according to a new book that explores how the current US president built his business empire.
12/23/2019 Mitchell-Lama applicants pay thousands, with ‘virtually no chance’ at getting apartments—Curbed
New Yorkers forked over hundreds of thousands in fees to get on affordable housing wait lists with practically no chance of actually scoring one of those coveted homes, according to an audit by state Comptroller Thomas DiNapoli.
12/19/2019 DUMBO set to be next front for development’s battle against homelessness—Brooklyn Daily Eagle
A new bill expected to pass in the City Council on Thursday will require certain developers that receive government funding to set aside 15 percent of their new rental units for homeless New Yorkers. All told, the legislation is projected to create about 1,000 new apartments for those most in need of housing each year — in addition to the 1,300 apartments the city will develop on an annual basis.
12/17/2019 I’m A Freelancer & I Bought A Two-Bedroom In NYC — Here’s How I Did It—Refinery29
The day I closed on my Manhattan apartment, I sent a text to a friend that read, “My New York City checklist is now complete.”
12/17/2019 Try talking your way out of this one: Three years after swearing he was going straight, real estate exec charged as Gambino family cohort—Daily News
The West Side’s uber-popular High Line neighborhood is apparently a big draw for organized crime, too. Gambino family capo Andrew Campos and fellow made man Richard Martino allegedly paid “hundreds of thousands of dollars in bribes and kickbacks” to employees of the HFZ Capital Group, the developer behind the The XI — a high-end, high-rise, two-tower residential complex just west of the Manhattan attraction, federal prosecutors alleged.
12/17/2019 How Christmas lights brought these Upper East Side residents together—New York Post
When a Grinch tried to steal Christmas from this Upper East Side block, it brought the community together in holiday spirit.
Ken cohen on Regulating Boiler Repairs:
I need a boiler welding company to make repairs too boiler
Page on Your Building's Superintendent:
Are live in supers in nyc required to be compensated with a 2 bedroom or is a studio sufficient?
David Norriss on Roof Maintenance:
I like how you specified that a roof's maintenance schedule depends on the age and model of the roof, the material it's made of, and the wea…
Brad I West on Don’t Get Your Building into Hot Water:
who would you call regarding hot/cold water balancing? i'm in a senior living community and there are 3 large Rheem water heaters going into…
Travis on The Short List:
I meant lein on the building
Cooperator.com is an online edition of The New York Cooperator newspaper. The publication serves the co-op and condo community with thousands of free articles on management, finance, maintenance and more...
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405909
|
__label__wiki
| 0.530242
| 0.530242
|
american historyBadlands National Parknational parksNative AmericansnatureOglala LakotaoutdoorsphotographyPine Ridge Indian ReservationSouth Dakotasummertraveltravel photography
Through the Wall
South Dakota’s plains of grass and corn and sunflowers stretch smooth and gentle for hundreds of miles until they reach the Wall. Half a million years of water and wind have carved a jagged rampart here that runs about 80 miles long. In another half a million years, it’ll be gone. But for now, the heart of Badlands National Park looms over the ground like the steeples and rooftops of a petrified city. Their sides reveal around 70 million years of history, including millennia of human conflict and reverence that continue today.
A loop southward from the interstate swoops through the park’s northern, busier half, giving the bulk of visitors a good sample of the land’s various personalities. One section near the main entrance holds a grove of junipers and cottonwoods, thanks to falling rocks that have compacted the ground enough to catch the rainwater they need. In other sections, erosion has gouged sharp ridges of chalky, crumbly, barren rock bleached enough to reflect a second dose of the sun’s heat. Toward the end of the loop, the smooth Yellow Mounds and prairie dog towns with thousands of yipping residents show a softer side. It isn’t all cuddly, though. During our drive, a coyote darted across the road and disappeared into one of the towns, then ran back a second or two later with a motionless prairie dog in its jaws.
It’s around this point that the road forks. Most people end their visit here, following the paved highway to the right straight out of the park. For the few who stay, the road forward becomes gravel for mile after brain-rattling mile. That was our path. A deeply sculpted butte with a spectacular reputation, Sheep Mountain Table, waited at the end.
The road cuts through pastures and actually exits the national park for a while, passing by a mostly abandoned, creepy little town called Scenic. We got there in the late afternoon, giving it an eerie sort of light. The strangeness continued as we crossed back into the park: The carved slopes in this single area sport countless mushroom-like formations that looked like a crop of foot-tall Stonehenges. They’re essentially tiny buttes, capped by rock that’s more wear-resistant than their skinnier bases. We were alone. A mile or so and the mushrooms were gone. The rutted road soon became impassable for anything but four-wheel-drive trucks. The last couple of miles would be on foot.
Somewhere along this final stretch, we entered the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, a century-old monument to the damage the United States has done to the Oglala Lakota tribe. Its residents are exceptionally poor and wounded by alcohol sold by the millions of cans across the state border in Whiteclay, Nebraska — an ongoing lawsuit by the tribe aims to put an end to that. (For more information about it, I recommend the University of Nebraska’s nuanced, well-done reporting here.)
The government pushed the tribe into this reservation as part of a treaty it soon broke by taking the sacred Black Hills nearby and other lands. U.S. forces killed at least 150 adults and children near this section of the Badlands in 1890; the Wounded Knee Massacre would be the final real conflict between the indigenous people of the Plains and this country.
This suffering and other cultural history have made the area sacrosanct to tribe members. Some have tried to work out a way for the tribe to manage this section of the park instead of the U.S. National Park Service, though the effort seems to have stalled. Still, showing respect while here strikes me as an absolute requirement. We walked quietly on the gravel as bright blue birds flitted around. They seemed to be keeping an eye on us, or maybe just keeping us company. Tantalizing vistas occasionally appeared to one side or the other, teasing what waited ahead.
It wasn’t until the last few dozen feet of the road, which ends at an overlook, that the full splendor of Sheep Mountain Table opened up around us. The only sounds were a soft wind rustling the junipers and some buzzing bugs. I just stood there for a few moments staring in slightly misty-eyed awe.
I stayed as long as I could, but daylight was fading. It was the perfect ending for the day. We drove back to the hotel in Rapid City under the slimmest sliver of a crescent moon.
Thanks for looking. Up next, let’s talk some more about those Black Hills.
1 Comment September 6, 2017 February 3, 2018 dholtmeyer
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405914
|
__label__cc
| 0.732709
| 0.267291
|
Sunday morning and J sends an email to the leadership group with a link to an article in The Times about so-called ‘GROMP’ schools. Decline to give up my anonymity in order to subscribe to The Times and therefore read no more than the first two paragraphs. It must be admitted that these two paragraphs do not fill me with a great deal of eagerness to continue. J however anticipates this response and later in the morning emails out the entire report from the New Schools Network on which the article is based.
Unable to shake deeply ingrained scepticism about New Schools Network which is, it appears, a ‘charity’ organisation set up to advise Free Schools. Being only one coffee into Sunday morning I find myself muttering something vaguely incoherent to M about Free Schools being the Spawn Of The Devil (or at least the spawn of Mr Gove which M assures me is much the same thing) and any advice they are being given must surely be dictated by Market Forces and the desire to Give The Audience What It Thinks It Wants.
Grudgingly skim the report and inwardly curse both J’s insensitivity to those of us with Lives Outside Of School and my own inability to effectively execute a modicum of restraint vis a vis striking Work Life Balance. Concede it is just possible that J has simply lost track of time during the summer break and believed it to be Monday already.
Report appears to regurgitate much of the ethos of the Charter Schools movement from the United States and stakes a claim for the establishment of a ‘No Excuses’ culture and Firm Discipline. Can’t help feeling that all this desire for Firm Discipline is a poor excuse for establishing a vaguely militaristic culture and that it is, perhaps, most commonly supported by the kind of person who voted LEAVE and who thinks that children should be Seen And Not Heard. Or preferably neither seen nor heard, which perhaps is a mite harsh of me, but that is what one gets on a Sunday morning with only one coffee behind one. And yes, I am aware that there are far too many one’s in that last sentence. But what can one do?
Determined that readers should not take me for someone who thinks that the fundamental premise of Charter Schools is A Bad Thing, however, so wish to stress that idea of encouraging aspirational attitudes in young people is to be applauded. Nevertheless cannot help but be drawn back to the question of Aspiring to What? To leave poverty and raise one’s social standing? Admirable. Yet unless there is a fundamental shift in the way one’s societies are structured does this not also inevitably mean encouraging people to Succeed At All Cost? Does success for one not by implication mean failure for someone else, somewhere else? Is this notion of an aspirational culture not complicit in perpetuating a competition based market?
Forced to consider the possibility that perhaps I do not support the fundamental premise of Charter Schools after all. Forced to concede too that I may need to come out and propose that the notion of aspiration within a culture of competitive capitalism is not to be encouraged at all. Would this prove to be a deeply undesirable point of view within school leadership team? Most assuredly, yes. May also prove to be astoundingly unfashionable stance within the wider educational landscape of the times (not to mention The Times). Consider this not necessarily a bad thing and that perhaps this can be my defining trait, my Brand Identity as it were.
Decide all notions of Brand Identity would be ironic given vague stance of anti-competitive market capitalism and make second coffee of the morning.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405915
|
__label__cc
| 0.699247
| 0.300753
|
by: Bud Moeller
Facts: I was born in Washington, DC to parents of modest means. My dad was a U.S. government worker and my mom quit her job when I was born. My dad was of English and German descent and his folks homesteaded in Florida. My mom was full-blooded Italian, born in NYC.
We lived in the DC area until I was 4, when we moved to Germany (along with my sister, who was born a year after me). From then on, I only did 3rd grade and part of 4th grade in the U.S. The rest was all overseas!
I was a bright little kid. Started speaking at 15 weeks. My dad would trot me out with an encyclopedia volume when I was very little and have me read to guests. I was his favorite party trick! Here I am as a 1st grader.
Everyone wanted me to skip second grade but they let me make the decision. I said no. I wanted to stay with my friends. As a result, 2nd grade was miserably boring and I slacked off. 3rd grade was in Virginia (just outside DC) and I loved it because I was in a combined 3rd/4th grade class. I’d finish up our work and then do all the 4th grade work for fun! LOL Mid-way through 4th, we moved to Tokyo, Japan, continuing the international adventure.
Feelings: I was always very loved by my parents. I, in turn, loved others. I started liking girls in 1st grade. Had more girls than boys at my 6th birthday party!
I remember giving flowers to one of my classmates. I picked some random flowers, walked a few blocks to her house (I’m sure my mom trailed behind me), knocked on her door, and gave them to her. Neither of us ever spoke another word about it! LOL I liked meeting new people—had to since I was in 4 different schools from K-4. I was always very inquisitive, taking things apart. According to my baby book, at 21 months, I was mostly interested in assembling the vacuum cleaner and plugging in electric wires! I helped my dad build a few electronic devices when I was 7 or 8 and loved model planes and cars. Life was an exploration of things to me. I liked reading. I liked people. I also liked being in charge. When we’d have teams to play war or sports, I always wanted to be the captain. I remember printing off flyers to have me voted in as “General” of our army! LOL
Favorite memories: Learning German in parallel with English at age 4-5. Traveling to several European countries every summer for vacation. Taking the USS America and the USS United States across the Atlantic and dining in fine style as a little kid, even just ordering 3 desserts for dinner one night!
Coming to the U.S. just before 3rd grade and being introduced to McDonalds! The French fries seemed like they were a foot long to me! Learning to play baseball during my year in the U.S. but being forced to bat right handed (I’m left handed), making me hate playing the game even to this day! Flying through Anchorage, Alaska, taking off just 45 minutes before the devastating earthquake there. Learning enough Japanese to travel around Tokyo independently with no concerns. Swimming on the U.S. Embassy Swim Team (that’s me on the far right).
Findings: Is it really right to let kids make big decisions like skipping a grade? If I had been thrust ahead, it would have changed the entire course of my life, but for better or worse? No way to tell. Learning languages at an early age and living out of the U.S. gave me a perspective of being a World Citizen, comfortable anywhere with any people. It also put the U.S. in the global perspective—we’re not the center of the world, by the way. It also made me color and gender neutral—I probably have even more lady friends than guy friends, certainly here! And meeting people is easy and fun for me—probably a big reason I’m here! My parents fed my curiosity, loved me, and gave me running room.
Facts: Unless you saw me on the David Letterman show a couple of years ago or know me very well in real life, you probably didn’t know that I was a national TV star in Japan! For 3 seasons, I was a “Dennis The Menace” type character in an English-language sitcom.
It started when they needed a kid for a family setting, the feedback was tremendous, and the series got rewritten around me. Every episode was some sort of object lesson and full of trouble and mischief, usually caused by me! That evolved into me doing print ads, voice-overs on movies and TV shows (Godzilla, Rocket Boy cartoon series, etc.) as well as those language lab tapes you’d have listened to if you were learning English in Japan. I even had a band that got to play for parties and on TV once—covering a Rolling Stones song.
For 8th grade, we moved to London, England. I went from being a national celebrity to being no one. But I continued with music, starting a little band that played at lunchtime most weeks. For high school, we moved to a base closer to Oxford and I spent 9th-12th grade there. This was England during the late ’60s/early ’70s—the psychedelic era! Long hair, wild paisley shirts, etc.
I got along with everyone, fitting well into every group. I was a jock (double varsity letter, football and basketball—that’s how I got my back injury that just was surgically corrected, nationally-ranked skeet shooter, and bowler—all UK champ.). I was a nerd (President of the National Honor Society, Valedictorian). I was a leader (VP Student Government, lots of activities). I was a party guy (hung with the cool crowd—my best friends). I was always Mr. Social, crossing boundaries with ease. People are just people!
For college, I chose Georgia Tech, because of their strong engineering reputation and attractive package they offered National Merit Scholars. I selected Chemical Engineering as my major, since I had a perfect score on the SAT Math section and ACT Chemistry test. I loved Chemistry but wanted to apply it to solve problems. More on this in the next Decade.
Feelings: I never realized the TV thing was that big a deal. My Mom handled all my fan mail, gave me tons of things to sign every month, and I just enjoyed the fun of doing the show. Yes, it was strange to be stopped on the street for pictures and autographs, but Japan is a crazy place anyway. I just thought it went with the territory. Girlfriends were another constant theme but I only had 2-3 serious relationships in high school and then met Carol the summer between high school and college. We spent a lot of time at the beach then did the whole long distance thing for the next 4 years (she went to Florida State and later to the Medical College of Georgia). And this was in the era before cell phones, e-mail, etc.—all with letters, visits, and dormitory pay phones!
But cars also became a huge passion for me during this time. I nudged my dad into buying a high performance ’67 Mustang as our family car to take to England. It was a blast—and was the car I first learned to drive! I read everything I could get my hands on and became car crazy for life. We went to watch F1 and other races at Silverstone and I was hooked on open wheel racing too. In college, I had a ’68 Camaro. My first summer paycheck went to buy new wheels and tires! LOL
I also loved all the leadership stuff more than the academics, both in high school and in college. My uncle, a businessman, asked me after my sophomore year what I wanted to do and how much to earn as a living. I realized I’d be more satisfied in the leadership ranks than designing piping and pumping systems for refineries.
Favorite Memories: Traveling across the Pacific Ocean on a huge ocean liner and getting tagged by a 50′ wave! Tables, chairs, dishes, glasses, and people went flying across the room—I thought it was fun! LOL Driving across the U.S. in the new Mustang, seeing the beauty and isolation of the west (e.g., Utah, Wyoming, Montana). Racing against friends at lunch in high school (the Fox and Hounds game we created). Playing Pinochle with my Mom and friends, many times watching the sun come up! Watching the first moon landing on TV and thinking how cool that would be to do. Having a true “come to Jesus” moment in a car where all that saved me was a miraculous “hand of God” that picked the car up and put it straight on the road. From that point on, I believed in God.
Findings: Life changes and things come and go. You have to make the most of every experience and place that you’re at. You can’t mourn the past. Pursue the intersection of your passion and skills (more on that in Decade 3 too). That will lead to your best success in work and life. Myers-Briggs personality research says we’re basically formed by age 12. My personality was clear—competitive, problem solver, extrovert, leader, social, big picture view, thinker, driven for excellence. In their terms, I’m an ENTJ—also known as the Field Marshal personality. And I was fearless, probably due to having so much independence and encouragement. I traveled the streets of Tokyo and London alone (ages 10-13) without trouble. I had a pattern of success and my parents never led or shaped me with fear.
Facts: At Georgia Tech, I held leadership positions in every major campus organization and was elected President of my fraternity as a Sophomore, because we were nearly bankrupt, with a foreclosure notice tacked to the door of our house. Yes, we turned it around in 18 months and won a national award as a result. I also played college soccer and bowling.
I wanted to go to business school for my MBA, but even back then, all the top schools required 2-3 years of work experience. Armed with a leadership track record, great GPA, and rocking GMAT test score, I applied to the top 4 schools and got into 3. I chose to go to Harvard because of its global reputation and focus on general management and strategy. I was one of literally one handful of people who were admitted direct from undergrad school.
Carol and I survived the long distance relationship for the 4 years of college.
In the summer between graduating from Georgia Tech and starting at HBS, we got married in Carol’s hometown in Florida. A week later, we were in Boston starting our summer jobs! She graduated as a nurse and was the breadwinner while I was in school.
I enjoyed all the MBA disciplines and couldn’t choose between them. So, when I graduated, I went into management consulting, where you use a broad set of skills and disciplines to solve tough client problems. I focused on strategy around energy and environment issues, since my senior engineering project had been about converting coal to oil.
Despite my lack of work experience (again), I was hired into Booz, Allen & Hamilton (now Booz & Company), one of the world’s leading strategy firms. In the middle of the second oil crisis, I developed energy policy papers on alternative fuels and became an expert in advanced energy technologies. My client work covered global companies based in the U.S. and Europe. Seeing an opportunity to boost our energy business in the western half of the U.S., I agreed to move from DC to San Francisco at the end of this decade of my life. California is the beginning of another chapter!
My car craziness continued. We bought a Lotus when I graduated from business school. Then, at 26, I bought my first Ferrari (and I bought Carol a grand piano).
We had hardly any furniture in our house so put the piano in the dining room! LOL I also started some amateur racing and ended up being 4th in the country in my class! So I figured there might be a racing future for me. More about that in the next decade.
Just before the end of this decade, we had our daughter, Melaine! This was the transition from a couple to a family. Trying to balance work, life, and family is a challenge everyone faces, and we were no different.
Carol went to part time work after Melaine was born then she decided to stay home after we moved to California. Fortunately, I was promoted and my raise more than covered her lost income.
Feelings: Harvard was incredibly intense with a forced curve, which ensured that 5% -10% of the class would be asked to leave, in both years! There were a couple of suicides. People disappeared. It was grueling. But each of us felt we were failing so we were all about equal! LOL The only outlet I had for keeping my sanity was playing on the school Rugby Team! We were so poor we could have gotten food stamps. Every Saturday, we would go out for either pizza or cheesecake (but couldn’t afford both).
Solving the tough management problems for business was a rush and a great challenge. They only hire consultants when they can’t solve the issue themselves. Pressure! But also great psychological reward for cracking the code!
Favorite Memories: Being in the middle of helping solve the country’s second energy crisis through policy, strategy, and innovative technology. Being in a near-fatal head-on collision and, after reflection, realizing that we were too self-absorbed and not doing enough to help and serve other people. Discovering we had lost our BMW, Lotus, and Ferrari in a fiery cross-country transporter crash—so we arrived on the west coast with no cars! Made it a lot easier to give up material things—stuff is just stuff, it can always be replaced, and it’s not that important.
Findings: I am fearless and relentless to go after what I want, despite the odds. People and relationships are more important than things. The legacy you leave behind will be memories that others have of you, lives you’ve changed or impacted, and your thumbprint on important events. In contrast, no one will remember the stuff you left or the little bit of money that got distributed. Hard work and effort will pay off, at some point. And, without it, you’ll never achieve your full potential in anything you do. A baby totally changes your life, forever. It’s the ultimate responsibility, more challenging than any business problem!
Bud Moeller Facebook Fan Page
3 responses to “Bud Moeller: My Life in Decades”
Pingback: Bud Moeller: Blessings Counted, Banked and Shared · NRS Sports
Pingback: Bud Moeller: Blessings Counted, Banked and Shared | My Blog
Pingback: Bud Moeller: Blessings Counted, Banked and Shared | articleshub2
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405918
|
__label__cc
| 0.519868
| 0.480132
|
Tag Archives: Central Park Conservancy
Mapping Each and Every Tree
The green-space of Central Park is glorified as modeling the abundance of urban nature. We map the space of the park, whose green provides a pause and respite from the grey concrete facades of buildings, as well as a site for strolling, by a flat lime-green interruption of the urban grid in the public maps of the city park.
It is an oasis of sorts, ringed by a tan frame of muted buildings–as if a place to experience wilderness, rendered almost life-like in the rain–even if the muted green seems to suggest a “greenspace” to be valued, as a distinct interruption of the built environment. Created in the parks movement that redesigned urban space removed from unsavory elements and moral lassitude, and restored as a reprieve from the pace of urban life, the rebirth of the parks as open green-space has recently occasioned the first complete census of individual trees, those often uncounted inhabitants of Manhattan island, whose enumeration in a sort of ‘green census’ offers cartographers Ken Chaya and Edwar Sibley Barnard a deeply ethical way of directing our attention to urban space, in a comprehensive map of the tree space often rendered as a stretch of undifferentiated lime green. Indeed, the counting of large-trunked oaks, maples, individual pines, and sturdy sycamores in all their varieties offers a detailed abundance that is rarely evident in the parks maps that adopt a single cool shade of idyllic green, and offer a sort of palimpsest that will reward map-readers to pause over, examine, and explore–and indeed pore over, with the botanical level of detail and connoisseurship that the earliest planners of the park might well have appreciated and enjoyed–if not expected of city-dwellers.
Who wouldn’t have expected as much from urban sophisticates?
Map of Central Park: printed for the Department of Public Parks, 1873 (detail)
Yet today, the often-internalized map of the park of light green, far more familiar to all city-dwellers, may risk perpetuating an alienation from its dynamic urban forest, and obscuring the careful level of its botanical detail, or the accumulated palimpsest of urban habitats of its biodiversity.
In part, the duality of Central Park as rural and urban captures the hybrid identity as an urban park. Even though the park seems to lie somewhat incongruously at the very center of Manhattan, as if the apparent preserve of trees and urban wildlife is defined by its porous relation to the urbanized setting of the park. If Central Park was designed in the movement of urban greening and public space, as a site of health and interruption of urban life, the park is increasingly more of a heterotypic combination of urban activity, designed built spaces, and manicured wooded areas, a refuge where Manhattan is in a sense perpetually present, not only bur urban sounds, traffic, and lifestyles, in a dyadic relationship that seems captured by the fact that it offers not only the sole open space to inscribe the toponym of the island in subway maps.
In such maps of urban transit, it may be that Central Park acts less as a park, than it serves as a totem of urban space; the park holds the bold-faced word “MANHATTAN” that identifies the city, its flat green spaces and clear light blue lakes crossed by ribbons of white roads, indicating its nicely settled position as secure in an urban grid, as if fastened by crosstown routes, yet readily available to urbanites at multiple entrances as a site of repose. The image of the interruption of urban space we encounter on subway cars with regularity reminds us of the existence of open greenspace which we can access, even while we ride in eardrum shattering rumbles of subway cars coursing on old tracks while winding one’s way downtown to one’s destination. Is it an important reassuring reminder of the existence of open spaces that are in fact accessible, even while we may not feel it, nearby?
The combination of nature and skyscrapers was a unitary construction, several ecopoets have observed, a conundrum or urban nature explored by ecopoets who take up the gauntlet that the urban spaces throw down. When the poet Gary Snyder described his arrival in New York City, he evoked an ecosystem blending nature and culture that began form its trees and moved settle throughout the island’s sidewalks, streets and skyscrapers, even as it clung to the edges of its shores.
If the “park” is a shared greenspace in the city–and a space where city-dwellers retreat, at times, to smoke some green stuff in a meadow or on a hill, the definition of the park as a set of individual trees has rarely been mapped in detail, examining the arboreal space that inheres within this interruption of the built environment–if only to excavate and explore its complex past. Even if the landscape was built on granite and was defined by concrete and brick, the trees defined its space, however paradoxically, in ways that capture the serendipitous presence of the arboreal variety in the city “Maple, oak, poplar, gingko,” the poet Gary Snyder began rhapsodically and rhythmically incanting the varieties of urban trees he encountered in “Walking the New York Bedrock in the Sea of Information” (1987).
The discrete trees of Central Park are rarely counted, but the attention that is suggested in the list of trees offer a sense of Snyder’s skill as a naturalist, and the surprising application of an arboreal register of variety in an urban environment. For Snyder explores the city by seamlessly blending of nature and culture in New York City in ways that never stops to entertain the reader. “New leaves, “new green” on a rock ledge/ of steep uplift,” lead to”Glass, aluminum, aggregate gravel,/ Iron. Stainless steel,” in a metaphorical map blurring canyons of skyscrapers, plate glass, and electric lights buzzing in an ecosystem driven by big finance that might be submarine. Amidst streams of subways, cars, taxis, rolling carts, people and birds, trees peak out–as “white birch leaves shiver in the breeze” and gingko trees. While each and every tree is inscribed with a detail that might be dwarfed by the old, hulking trunks that serve as hide-outs with dark passages in the Tisch Children’s Zoo–a reminder of the forest before the park–the Park is a hotspot and mirror of the built park.
If the current maps posted in the park invite exploration of its paths, noted in a paler green beside white roadways, snaking around its uniform field, Barnard and Chaya open those Kelly green spaces to the delectation of wanderers who will be able to explore the park in all its arboreal variety.
As ever the eloquent naturalist, Snyder poetically turns to how trees resiliently populate the city’s built environment. He traces an environment partly forest, but hybrid, neither natural or artificial. In a cartographical compliment to his poem, or a modern Georgics of the park, Edward Sibley Barnard and his accomplice in crime Ken Chaya open up a richly bucolic vision of vegetal copia across what is the densest site of urban trees in Central Park Entire (2011). The map provides a complete account and comprehensive tabulation of tree varieties within the city’s Central Park, the serves to celebrate the variety of trees that this special spot in the city preserves, counting the over 19, 630 trees within Central Park that will stand as a modern monument for years–until someone again tries to undertake the counting all over again–presenting it for the visual delectation of viewers in a durable fold-out paper map.
The detailed catalogue of trees and plants in New York’s Central Park displays virtuosity in evoking the variety, range, and density of trees in the city’s largest greenspace, rendering in detail an ecosystem often vaguely mapped, often suggested as a green space amidst built environment. In the heart of the city lies the park. Its odd combination of nature and culture is central to most city maps. When you look at most public maps of New York City that grace public transit, tourist kiosks, or other venues of spatial orientation, the area of Central Park is a monolithic green, less rooted in a survey or in a source of public data, but a light green box, set apart form the city’s streets–a block of greenspace located framed by the overbuilt grey of residences that crowd Manhattan island since the mid-nineteenth century, and landscaped from 1858.
Filed under Google Earth, greenspace, New York City, open space, urban parks
Tagged as Central Park, Central Park Conservancy, city parks, ecopoetry, Frederick Law Olmstead, Manhattan, natural world, nature, New York City, New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, paper maps, Parks and Recreation Department, parks movement, Robert Moses, trees
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405919
|
__label__cc
| 0.673734
| 0.326266
|
Despite Regional Instability, Lebanon’s Honey Sector Reaches New Heights
By Nadine Chemali and Mounia Barakat
Tags: economic-growth • agriculture • fragile-states
Even before more than 1 million Syrian refugees crossed into Lebanon, the nation’s agriculture sector was struggling to serve its 4.5 million citizens.
Since 2011, Lebanon’s “agripreneurs” have had to change course due to the instability in the region and risks along the border. The once-thriving Iraqi export market was eliminated with the shutdown of the Syria-Iraq border. Passage by land to key Arabian Gulf markets was blocked by the Syria-Jordan closure. Sea routes proved too costly for crop aggregators and exporters because the transit time rendered their produce less fresh and less competitive. And Lebanon’s farmers lacked the crop varieties and quality of produce to meet the higher expectations of alternative markets in the Gulf and Europe.
The Lebanon Industry Value Chain Development (LIVCD) program, a five-year initiative funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and implemented by DAI, was launched in 2012 to enhance the competitiveness of select agricultural sectors from farm to end market. However, as a result of the Syrian crisis, whose severity was unforeseen five years ago, LIVCD pivoted to assist Lebanon’s agriculture entrepreneurs to adapt to the fall-out from Syria’s civil war.
The results have been dramatic. The LIVCD team succeeded in assisting growers and purveyors of six targeted crops to maintain and even expand their businesses. Outstanding successes have been achieved in the country’s beekeeping and honey sector, to take just one example, where production volume and value of sales have doubled since 2012 to an estimated US$70 million annually. Exports have also doubled over the same period.
The Lebanese Sweet Spot
Lebanon offers perfect conditions for producing high-quality honey: its four-season climate, ample rainfall, diverse flora, and steep elevation—from sea level to more than 10,000 feet—all contribute to an ideal honey-producing environment. This enables year-round production where honey is collected in three seasons out of four, with bees and beekeepers utilizing the nectar of numerous plant and tree varieties across the country. In addition, beekeeping and honey production entail only small initial investments and no landowning requirement.
Despite these advantages, the country’s honey production was falling well short even of local demand. Most of Lebanon’s beekeepers were unskilled, operating as micro or small enterprises, selling their unbranded jars of honey locally to friends and neighbors. In fact, Lebanon was a net importer of honey, including low-quality and high-priced honey from other markets.
Lebanon Honey Value Chain Highlights
Co-invested with nearly 1,500 beekeepers across Lebanon to purchase more than 6,300 beehives.
Trained nearly 3,500 beekeepers to increase productivity, improve quality, and upgrade the entire value chain.
Helped 2,250 beekeepers apply improved technologies.
Supported sustainable market access for honey producers locally and regionally by building end-market confidence in the reliability and consistency of Lebanese honey.
Increased income for 1,200 jobs in rural areas.
The LIVCD team helped to transform Lebanon’s honey sector by assisting beekeepers to increase production, improve quality, brand their product, tap into wholesale and retail markets, launch exports, and introduce standards and regulatory mechanisms to protect and professionalize the now rapidly expanding sector.
This assistance spurred a 50-percent increase in the number of commercial hives in Lebanon and a 36-percent increase in the number of beekeepers. As a result, Lebanon’s 7,500 beekeepers doubled production, according to Ministry of Agriculture data collected in May 2016, and doubled exports, according to the Lebanese customs service.
To do this, LIVCD:
Promoted a marketing co-investment with a leading honey exporter;
Established the Arab world’s first center for artificial insemination of queen bees, which are typically expensive to import but are vital for repopulating worker bees and drones to maintain hive vigor and productivity;
Launched a cost-share program with honey cooperatives that assisted beekeepers to purchase hives;
Produced a practical beekeeping curriculum and training program, in collaboration with a Lebanese beekeeping expert and professional beekeepers from different areas of Lebanon, that reached fully half of the nation’s beekeepers;
Collaborated with the Ministry of Agriculture and the private sector to issue a regulation against low-quality honey either imported or Lebanese;
Worked with the private sector and universities to establish professional honey extraction services and wax recycling and processing facilities that facilitate and standardize honey processing methods;
Introduced high-tech spectroscopy capabilities to test the quality and botanical origin of honey for quality and purity;
Helped local honey processors promote their products to the Lebanese public in a coordinated way. For example, in early 2017, a LIVCD-sponsored campaign brought together the Syndicate of Lebanese Dieticians and private brands to highlight the benefits of natural, domestic honey, utilizing billboards, TV and radio, newspaper and magazine articles, social media, and a product awareness initiative in local supermarkets.
More Than Just Honey
Over its nearly five years, the LIVCD team has stabilized and bolstered an array of agricultural value chains, including apples, avocados, olives, table grapes, cherries, thyme, and pine nuts. Among the new technologies and techniques introduced:
New varieties of grapes, apples, and avocado demanded by high-value markets. By means of technical support, demonstration plots, and co-investment grants, LIVCD helped agripreneurs absorb risk at a time of political and security instability.
Modern irrigation and pruning techniques and equipment as well as electrostatic spraying equipment for export-compliant pesticide application.
Improved harvest and postharvest techniques and consumer-focused labeling and packaging of produce to meet end-market expectations in new, high-value markets such as Europe.
Innovative technology from U.S.-based National Instruments to automate and improve the processing of freekeh, a high-potential wheat cereal.
New pickle fermentation technology that greatly improves the quality and competitiveness of Lebanese pickles in domestic and regional markets.
Lebanon’s honey sector is now providing opportunities for growth investment and employment. There is significant and growing demand for high-quality honey in neighboring markets, and while the sector has made inroads in the export sector, less than 2 percent of honey produced in Lebanon is currently exported due to—among other factors—a lack of awareness of the Lebanese brand in export markets and a significant domestic demand, which absorbs most of the local production.
Agricultural entrepreneurs in Lebanon have done well to adapt to the uncertain conditions in and around their country. As agricultural value chains continue to adapt and strengthen, they will also continue to deliver increments of stability and economic growth for communities in a region that sorely needs it.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405920
|
__label__cc
| 0.683964
| 0.316036
|
Three Killed, Suspect Dead In Florida Naval Station Shooting
REUTERS/John Williams/U.S. Navy/Handout via Reuters
William Davis Reporter
December 06, 2019 9:14 AM ET
An active shooter situation was reported Friday morning at a U.S. Naval Station in Pensacola, Florida.
The Navy confirmed that at least two fatalities, and reported that the suspect is dead, and that an “unknown number of injured people” had been transferred to local hospitals. The Naval base was placed on lockdown immediately after the shooting was reported. (RELATED: FBI Arrests Las Vegas Man Who Allegedly Plotted Attack On Jews, Gay Bar)
Escambia County Sheriff David Morgan later confirmed an additional fatality, but said he does not believe there are any additional shooters.
#UPDATE:
– 4 deceased
– Sheriff David Morgan says there’s no reason to believe there are any additional shooters
— Stephanie Myers (@_StephanieMyers) December 6, 2019
#BREAKING: We are aware of reports of a possible active shooter at Naval Air Station Pensacola.
More information to follow.
— U.S. Navy (@USNavy) December 6, 2019
#UPDATE: NAS Pensacola is on lockdown.
#UPDATE: Active shooter is deceased.
One additional fatality has been confirmed. Unknown number of injured people being transferred to local hospitals.
“Just spoke to commanding officer of Naval Air Station Pensacola. We are in close contact with all the relevant officials & closely monitoring events,” Republican Florida Sen. Marco Rubio said on Twitter. “Please pray for everyone impacted by this horrible situation.”
It is the second such incident in recent days. Two civilians were killed and a third was injured Wednesday at Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam in Honolulu when a U.S. sailor began shooting on base.
Tags : florida navy pensacola shootings
Follow William Davis on Twitter
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405921
|
__label__wiki
| 0.590497
| 0.590497
|
Briarcliff Daily Voice serves Briarcliff, NY
Cortlandt
serves Buchanan, Cortlandt & Croton
Real Estate Content Partnership
More Than Mortgages: Hudson United Works To Help Those In Need
John Haffey
Content Partner: Better Homes and Gardens Rand Realty
Hudson United Mortgage is working to make sure the holiday season is a well-fed time for everyone in the greater New York area. Photo Credit: Contributed
Better Homes and Gardens Rand Realty
Marsha Rand Honored By Hudson Valley Magazine For Real Estate...
Better Homes and Gardens' Joseph Rand Honored By Rockland YMCA
New Taxter Ridge Estates Bring Luxury To Westchester
See More Articles from Better Homes and Gardens Rand Realty
As fall gives way to the chill of winter, Hudson United Mortgage is calling on friends and neighbors in New York and New Jersey to “Give More.” The aptly titled charity is seeking support to raise money for local organizations that prevent hunger.
“With the holiday season and winter weather around the corner, we want to help our community in any way possible,” said Daniel Rand, director of Home Services for Hudson United. “Serving those in need is a cultural tradition at our company, and we will strive to continue that with the ‘Give More’ charity campaign.”
The fundraiser is running from Oct. 26 through Jan. 31, during which Hudson United Mortgage hopes to accumulate between $20,000 and $100,000. They plan on donating $100 for every home loan that’s filed, but are asking the public to help meet their goal. “We believe in giving back, helping our neighbors in need, and building stronger communities,” said Christopher Rand, manager of Sales and Operations at Hudson United Mortgage.
All proceeds will be given to the following charities:
People to People in Nanuet, N.Y.
Food Bank of the Hudson Valley in Cornwall-On- Hudson, N.Y.
Food Bank for Westchester in Elmsford, N.Y.
Oasis in Paterson, N.J.
People to People is the largest food pantry in Rockland County and provided assistance to nearly 14,000 households last year. The Food Bank of the Hudson Valley, together with the Regional Food Bank of Northeastern New York, serves over 1,000 member agencies in 23 counties stretching from the Canadian border to Westchester County. The Food Bank for Westchester provides meals to 200,000 residents annually, and is the only food bank serving a county of nearly one million people. New Jersey-based Oasis works to provide adult education and meals for women and children living in poverty.
“These organizations have done meritorious work in providing for countless individuals," said Rand. "We want to do our part to offer as much assistance as we can to those beneficiaries.”
For more information on how to donate, please visit Hudson United's website.
Daily Voice produced this article as part of a paid Content Partnership with our advertiser, Better Homes and Gardens Rand Realty
We are highly selective with our Content Partners, and only share stories that we believe are truly valuable to the communities we serve.
To learn more about Content Partnerships, click here.
Man Who Admitted Killing Family, Dog Faced Fraud Probe In Con...
Area College Athlete Dies After Accident
Briarcliff Daily Voice!
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405923
|
__label__wiki
| 0.621154
| 0.621154
|
Basic information such as the official name of parliament and details of its structure and leadership. Also includes the current breakdown of MPs by sex and age, and provisions for quotas and reserved seats.
Parliament name
Fale Alea (Legislative Assembly)
Chamber name
Parliamentary term (years)
IPU membership
Affiliation periods
IPU Geopolitical Group/s IPU Geopolitical Groups: African Group, Arab Group, Asia-Pacific Group, Eurasia Group, Group of Latin America and the Caribbean (GRULAC), Twelve Plus Group.
Official title The Speaker may for example be known as the Presiding Officer, President, Chairman/Chairperson, etc.
Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
Lord Fakafanua (Male)
Historical data for Speaker
Official title This post is most commonly called Secretary General or Clerk. It may also be called Secretary, Head/Chief of the Secretariat, Director General, etc.
Gloria L Guttenbeil-Pole'o (Female)
Notes Additional information about the Secretary General, in particular regarding their term.
Appointed on 28 Jan. 2013.
Statutory number of members Statutory number of members, as defined in the constitution or other fundamental law.
Principal mode of designation of members
Directly elected
Directly elected members Directly elected by citizens.
Indirectly elected members Indirectly elected, for example by regional parliaments or an electoral college.
Other members For example, ex-officio members of parliament, such as Cabinet members, members of the royal family, Attorney General, Speaker if appointed from outside parliament.
Note on the statutory number of members
Indirectly elected members: nine nobles In accordance with Clause 59 of the 2010 Constitution, the Legislative Assembly shall be composed of the representatives of the nobles (currently nine), the representatives of the people (currently 17) and all members of the Cabinet. The Cabinet may include no more than four persons who are not elected to the Legislative Assembly (Clause 51). The Legislative Assembly may thus comprise up to 30 members. The new Cabinet, formed in January 2018, includes one member who was not elected to the Legislative Assembly. This currently brings the total number of Legislative Assembly members to 28.
Current number of members Number of members who currently hold seats in parliament. May be lower or higher than the statutory number of members.
Historical data for Current number of members
Year Current number of members
Women The number of female parliamentarians who currently hold seats in parliament.
Historical data for Women
Year Women
Percentage of women Calculated by dividing the current number of women by the current number of members.
7.41% See historical data for this field.
Historical data for Percentage of women
Year Percentage of women
Statutory number of members per country As defined in the constitution or other fundamental laws. Combines the number of parliamentarians in both chambers in bicameral parliaments.
30Compare data of this field.
Population (in thousands) Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects.
Historical data for Population (in thousands)
Year Population (in thousands)
Inhabitants per parliamentarian Calculated by dividing the population by the statutory number of parliamentarians.
3,533 See historical data for this field.
Historical data for Inhabitants per parliamentarian
Year Inhabitants per parliamentarian
Data on the age of parliamentarians is collected at start of the legislature, following the most recent elections. This data is not updated during the legislature.
Average age of all members
Historical data for Average age of all members
Year Average age of all members
Youngest member (years) Age at the time of the last election or renewal.
Youngest member
Oldest member (years) Age at the time of the last election or renewal.
Oldest member
Hon. William Clive Edwards (Male)
Reserved seats and quotas
There are reserved seats in parliament for certain groups Reserved seats are a means to ensure the parliamentary representation of certain groups in society.
Number of reserved seats, by group
Nine seats are reserved for nobles
Electoral quota for women Quotas to promote the representation of women in parliament.
Electoral quota for youth Quotas to promote the representation of youth in parliament.
Links to additional information
Parliamentary website Link(s) to parliamentary web site in English, French and/or local languages.
https://www.parliament.gov.to/
Constitution Official links to the Constitution in English, French and/or original language is provided. Links to unofficial translations where no other source is available.
https://wipolex.wipo.int/es/details.jsp?id=5409
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405927
|
__label__wiki
| 0.645385
| 0.645385
|
"This Just In" piece on "The Yellow Wallpaper," a fictional account by Charlotte
Megan Grumbling
"This Just In" piece on "The Yellow Wallpaper," a fictional account by Charlotte Perkins Gilman describing her 1885 home confinement prescribed by a well-meaning doctor. The story has been adapted for the stage as a one-woman show featuring actor Michele LaRue as the treated woman. Part of a conference on Gilman at the Maine Women Writers Collection, the program is being presented at the University of New England in Westbrook.
Authors, Maine Women Writers Collection Westbrook College SEE Westbrook College Portland Women Writers Collection, University of New England Portland Westbrook College
Grumbling, Megan, ""This Just In" piece on "The Yellow Wallpaper," a fictional account by Charlotte" (2006). Maine News Index – Portland Phoenix. 2640.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405935
|
__label__cc
| 0.642217
| 0.357783
|
by Jean-Pierre Van Damme | Mar 22, 2017
THE ANORAAK’S INTERVIEW
Question n°1: Can you please introduce yourself to those that may be new to your work?
I’m Anoraak, i’ve been making electronic music for almost 10 years, in genres now considered as synthwave and synthpop. I’m part of the Valerie collective, started in 2007 in Nantes, France with College, Maethelvin, Minitel Rose and the Outrunners (now Forgotten Illusions).
Question n°2: What are your musical influences? What kind of music do you listen when not producing?
Well it’s very diverse. Let’s say my musical background is between indie rock, electronic music at large and mainstream pop. I also listen a lot of jazz and funk music. When i like it, i like it, no matter the genre 🙂
Question n°3: What is your earworm at the moment? What have you listening to on repeat recently?
I’m still very into CUT COPY’s « January Tape », released in 2016, such an amazing synth work.
Question n°4: What inspires you while working on new Music?
Everything. Inspiration comes from all the little things i can see, hear, feel… It can be a good track or a good movie, but it also comes a lot from life itself. I love to take time to walk, get a coffee and just look around.
Question n°5: What programs and instruments do you use for your Music? What is your favourite VST you use? And which Drum Machine do you prefer?
I equally work with analog hardware and VSTs, i find good (and bad) in both. I record on Logic, use Ableton for the live sets. I own a Korg Polysix (i LOVE it), a SC Pro One, a Roland JX3P, a Kawai 100F, a TX7 and some other stuff. I also use a lot my guitar and bass guitar, at least for the composition process. Never really used a drum machine, i like to mix/stack different sounds, also like to use real drums samples, it’s my thing i like to mix all that up, it leads to different drum kits and drum sounds on each track. But if i had to buy drum machines, i’d get a Linn Drum and a TR808.
Question n°6: Is there some Synthwave/Dark Synth Artist you would love to collab/work?
For people that aren’t in my close circle, like College, Maethelvin, Forgotten Illusions, etc, i’d certainly say Mitch Murder as i’ve been following his work for a long time. I also like Robert Parkers sound very much.
Question n°7: If you could choose one film director to make a music video for you who could that be?
Definitely Sofia Coppola.
Question n°8: What are your favourite Movie flicks or Video Games?
Very tough question. If i had to name just one movie, it will be Risky Business, everything is great in that movie, the photography, the music, etc.
As for video games, i was a big time gamer as a kid, until the day some dudes broke into my house and left with all my games and my consoles. From this day on i stopped to play and to keep informed about gaming. But at the time my fav were Castelvania, Solstice and Mario Bros haha!
Question n°9: Zombies or Vampires? Books or Comics? King Kong or Godzilla? And why?
Vampires because they’re dressed well and live at night
Comics because i always loved it
Godzilla, because Godzilla!
Question n°10: You played some live shows, what was the coolest/most rad moment on tour?
There’s a lot of great moments! I did a massive tour in the US in 2012 and we were late for the show in Los Angeles, when we arrived to the venue people were waiting outside and that queue was huge, it’s something to see the crowd outside when you always see them from stage, it looks even more impressive. But the coolest was the first gig in the US, at the Webster Hall in NYC in 2009 with my homie College, first time in America for the both of us, to play a gig in this beautiful venue with our names on the outside board, it was like a dream.
Question n°11: What was the best or worst thing on tour and do you have a crazy funny tour story to tell?
Well there’s this one time, years ago, i bumped into a stage monitor on my way out from stage, i fell on the floor like a stone and harmed my shinbone pretty bad. This was recorded on video, and it’s been kind of an inside joke with my friends since then, some of them have this very short video in their computer and keep it like a treasure! It’s actually hilarious to watch, even for me 🙂
Question n°12: Before going on stage, how do you warm up and get in the right mood for a show?
I like to be around no more than an hour before, to get the feeling of the night while avoiding the drinking process, i don’t fancy playing too buzzed ;P
Question n°13: What is the next step for you after the new tour? A new ep? A new Album? Or other projects youre involved in?
There’s quite a lot to say! I’ve launched my label Endless Summer this year, my new Anoraak EP should be out in May with tour dates to follow. I’m also working on several other projects in other musical genres to be released on Endless Summer 🙂 More news very soon!
Lazerdiscs Records
Synthspirira
Retro Synthwave
Radionomy
On Your Desktop
© 2019 DRIVE Radio
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405940
|
__label__wiki
| 0.610442
| 0.610442
|
Home » News » Technology News
‘First heavy-duty collaborative robot’ can lift 35kg
Fanuc claims that it is the first robot manufacturer to produce a heavy-duty robot designed to work safely alongside humans. Its CR-35iA robot can perform tasks involving payloads of up to 35kg without needing the protective guards and fences that have previously been needed for robots with similar lifting capacities.
Although there are already several other collaborative robots on the market, most are designed for much lower payloads.
The new robot will stop automatically if it touches a human operator. A soft covering material also reduces the force of any impacts and prevents human operators from being pinched by the mechanism. And if the robot comes too close to an operator, they can simply push it away. The covering has a green colour to distinguish it from Fanuc’s usual yellow robots.
The six-axis robot is designed for duties such as transferring heavy workpieces or assembling parts. By avoiding the need for safety barriers, it is claimed to improve production efficiencies and allow higher levels of automation.
Fanuc's heavy-duty collaborative robot has a soft green covering to distinguish it from the company's traditional machines
The 990kg robot complies with ISO 10218-1:2011, Cat 3, PL d. It has a reach of 1.8m and can move at speeds of up to 250mm/s – or 750mm/s if the area is monitored by a separate safety sensor. The servo-driven machine has a claimed repeatability of ±0.08mm. If required, Fanuc’s iRVision vision technology can be integrated into the robot.
“Collaborative robot technology opens up a new era for manufacturing in which humans and robots will work even more closely on tasks, increasing productivity and efficiencies across the plant floor,” says Chris Sumner, vice-president of Fanuc Europe and managing director of Fanuc UK.
UK’s strongest robot flexes its muscles at the MTC
The UK’s robotics lag could worsen after Brexit
Surging robot sales 'could reshape manufacturing'
Swappage scheme offers £4,000 off a new robot
Robot sales slide in Germany, Japan and the UK
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405941
|
__label__cc
| 0.710855
| 0.289145
|
Washburn | Announcements
SAVE THE DATE: Pipe Organ Concert In Spooner
No reservations are needed. There is no admission charge.
Mary Hemshrot | Submitted
Monday, September 9, 2019 | Updated Sep 09, 2019 10:40 am CDT
SPOONER, WI -- The High School Auditorium in Spooner, Wisconsin is set to resound again with the music of the 340-pipe Wicks organ. October Airs: A Pipe Organ Concert with Master Organist Paul R. Kosower, begins at 2 pm on Sunday, October 6, with a reception to follow. No reservations are needed. There is no admission charge; a free will offering will be collected.
The Spooner area is indeed fortunate to welcome Mr. Kosower who is a Professor Emeritus at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire where he taught cello and organ, and conducted the University Chamber Orchestra during his tenure. He previously taught at Indiana State University and East Carolina University.
He has had a long solo career on both the cello and the organ, having played throughout the United States and in Europe. His concerts have been broadcast on Minnesota Public Radio, Wisconsin Public Radio, Kansas Public Radio, and Ohio Public Radio-Cleveland. With the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Symphony Orchestra, Mr. Kosower performed the Poulenc Organ Concerto and with the Chippewa Valley Symphony performed the Saint-Saens Organ Symphony. As a cellist he has performed with many orchestras including the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra and the St. Paul Chamber Orchestra.
Mr. Kosower will be performing religious and secular music from the 16th through the 20th centuries. The audience will be treated to the wide range and gorgeous sound of this pipe organ and the joy of organ music.
The Spooner Area High School is located at 801 Co Hwy A, Spooner, WI. This is the third concert on the Wicks organ that now resides in the High School Auditorium after a long life in the convent chapel of the Servants of Mary (Servite Sisters) in Ladysmith.
All net proceeds from this concert will be donated to the Organ Fund maintained by the Spooner Education Foundation for remaining installation expenses and future needs. The Intermezzo Music Club of Washburn County in partnership with area organists is producing this concert.
1$5,000 Reward Offered By Family Of Missing Korean War Veteran
2DrydenWire Podcast Guest: Criminal Defense Attorney Matthew Kirkpatrick
3Spooner High School Student Injured In Car Vs Propane Truck Crash
4Homicide Charges Filed In Drug-Related OWI Fatal Crash In Burnett County
5Court Sentences Two On Theft From Estate Case
1Ten Years In The Making, Shell Lake's ATV Campground Is Up And Running, And A Credit To Its Creators
2Local Vape Shop Owner Speaks Out On Proposed Flavor Ban
3DrydenWire Podcast Guest: Sawyer County Sheriff Doug Mrotek
4Tim Reedy Joins Spooner Health Board Of Directors
5Assembly Approves National Bible Week Resolution
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405944
|
__label__cc
| 0.732331
| 0.267669
|
Life at DuquesneHealth, Recreation & WellbeingCounseling & Wellbeing
Welcome freshman, family, and friends to the Bluff!
Get your digital Freshman LLC care package
Parents resource page
Interfaith Meditation Room (637 Fisher Hall)
Learn more about the benefits of prayer and mediation
Informational Video
Wellbeing for the mind, body, and spirit. Strenthen your wellbeing through excersise/recreation, Health Services, and Spiritan Campus Ministry.
Know that you are not alone
Learn more about therapy groups
Counseling Services (636 Fisher Hall)
Counseling services establishes itself on a philosophy of life that is congruent with the University Mission. We view the student in terms of his/her striving for contentment, happiness, and flourishing. Our goal is to provide services and resources that will enable the student to live a meaningful life based on a mind/body/spirit approach to wellbeing, an approach that honors the fundamental dignity of the human person by valuing him/her in his/her totality.
Counseling services offers free confidential personal psychotherapy to all currently enrolled Duquesne students. Confidential short-term personal psychotherapy is provided for a variety of reasons, such as difficulty adjusting to college life, personal and/or emotional distress, homesickness, test anxiety, sleep disturbances, etc. Students in need of more frequent, long-term psychotherapy will work with our case manager to find resources that will meet his/her needs.
Crisis Support is available 24/7 by calling ReSolve Crisis Service at 1-888-796-8226. You can also contact the University police emergency number, 412-396-2677 (COPS).
Therapy groups and workshops
A variety of support groups and workshops are available on request for topics of current interest, such as time management, stress management, test anxiety, eating disorders, cultural diversity, or specific topics can be requested. Biofeedback sessions are also available.
Interfaith Meditation Room
An interfaith meditation room is available for all students, faculty, and staff all faith traditions and meditative practices.
Contact the University Counseling Service Center at 412-396-6204 or continue to browse our website and wellbeing resource page for additional information.
Information in this site is not intended to replace a one-on-one consultation with a licensed mental health worker. If you are a student having problems, we urge you to contact us at 412.396.6204 to schedule an appointment.
We are available Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. To schedule an appointment call or come by our office (636 Fisher Hall) during regular business hours.
If applicable, print out and complete one of the following forms and bring it with you.
Client Intake Form (personal counseling)
Group Intake Form (group counseling)
Referral Form (To be completed by person who is referring the student)
Authorization to Release Information
Call Re:Solve Crisis Network:
IN EXTREME EMERGENCIES:
IMMEDIATELY CALL THE
UNIVERSITY POLICE AT
412.396.2677, OR PROCEED TO
THE CLOSEST HOSPITAL
EMERGENCY ROOM.
The Center for Student Wellbeing
Counseling & Wellbeing
Wellbeing as a Philosophy of Life
Outreach / Workshops
Recognizing and Assisting Troubled Students
Post-Doctoral Residency
Room 636 Fisher Hall
Phone: 412.396.6204 (Afterhours on call emergency coverage is available at this number)
Office Hours: Mon-Fri, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
2nd Floor, Union
Email: duhealth@duq.edu
Mon-Thurs, 7:30 a.m. to 6 p.m.
Fri, 7:30 a.m. to 4 p.m.
2nd Floor, Power Center
Email: mccarthyd@duq.edu
Mon-Thurs, 6:30 a.m. to 11 p.m.
Fri, 6:30 a.m. to 10 p.m.
Sat, 10 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Sun, 12 p.m. to 10 p.m.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405946
|
__label__wiki
| 0.785229
| 0.785229
|
$52-mln hotel project scrapped in Nha Trang after ten-year delay
By An Phuoc  March 21, 2019 | 09:07 am GMT+7
About 7,000 people live in Con Nhat Tri, Nha Trang. Photo by VnExpress/Anh Phuoc
Authorities have pulled the plug on an amusement-hotel project in central Nha Trang Town after the investor failed to start work for a decade.
Con Nhat Tri, a VND1.2-trillion ($51.7 million) project on 21 hectares (52 acres) with a five-star hotel, an amusement area and apartments, was approved in 2009.
But work on it never started, leaving over 7,000 people in Vinh Phuoc Commune in Nha Trang of Khanh Hoa Province, whose lands were to be taken over, in limbo.
In May 2015 provincial authorities handed it over to Pham Tran Investment LLC, but last year the company backed out saying it was unable to acquire the lands, and the task required a lot of time, money and human resources.
The project was meant to improve infrastructure in Con Nhat Tri, an unorganized area not suitable for a tourism town like Nha Trang, Deputy Chairman of the town, Nguyen Sy Khanh, said.
A top official in the provincial Department of Planning and Investment said if no private investor is interested, the government needs to use its own funds to improve the area.
Nha Trang received 6.3 million tourists last year, 16 percent up from 2017, with the majority being from China and Russia, according to official figures.
Da Nang, Nha Trang are new Aussie favorites
House in Vietnam beach town has 300 windows
Tags: Vietnam Nha Trang Khanh Hoa project Con Nhat Tri hotel entertainment delay recall permission
Ministry of Finance cracks the whip on PetroVietnam divestment
South Korea’s SK Group to buy $1 bln stake in Vingroup
Taiwan steel company has invested $183 mln in Vietnam
VinFast cars sent to European, Asian nations for testing
Hanoi firm proposes building parking lot in popular park, locals indignant
ACB to divest from Thuy Ta Ice-cream firm
Vietnamese textile firm could lose over $2 million in Sears bankruptcy
PetroVietnam's troubled billion-dollar investment in Venezuela probed
Reading: $52-mln hotel project scrapped in Nha Trang after ten-year delay
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405949
|
__label__wiki
| 0.529402
| 0.529402
|
China's new online cosmetics stars: men
By AFP  August 10, 2018 | 01:15 pm GMT+7
Jiang Cheng preparing for a male beauty video at his home in Beijing. Photos by AFP/Wand Zhao
Cosmetics no longer seen as exclusively for women and male celebrities showing that it is okay for men to dab on a bit of blush.
When Jiang Cheng first tried a bit of concealer during his first year of university in China it gave him self-confidence and he was instantly hooked.
Now he is among hundreds of Chinese men sharing beauty tips online and cashing in on the booming male cosmetics industry.
"I found that putting on make-up is actually quite easy," the 24-year-old said as he gently brushed his face with some foundation.
"Women may not fully grasp the concept of male make-up. If a girl puts on my make-up, they may not be able to achieve the effect that I really want," Jiang said.
Every weekend, Jiang spends a couple of hours in front of his iPhone at his cozy makeshift studio in Beijing trying on the latest balms and blush for hundreds of live viewers, who can simultaneously buy the products he reviews.
"This colour is not that outrageous that men can't wear it safely even in a conservative environment," he explains to his fans.
Online beauty stars form an enormous industry in China, with internet celebrities known as "wang hong", or online stars, blurring the line between entertainment and e-commerce.
Companies like Alibaba and JD.com have launched live-streaming platforms that allow viewers to purchase on the go while watching videos. And cosmetics brands pay big money for online celebrities, almost always female, to review their new products.
But now the market and gender norms are changing, with cosmetics no longer seen as exclusively for women and male celebrities showing that it is okay for men to dab on a bit of blush.
Lan Haoyi shares beauty tips online as part of China's booming beauty industry for men.
Jiang says a firm that manages bloggers pays him around 5,000 yuan ($730) per month to feature products from cosmetics companies.
The male beauty market is expected to grow 15.2 percent in the next five years in China compared to an 11 percent global increase over the same period, according to research firm Euromonitor.
'Little Fresh Meat'
Increasingly, foreign firms like La Mer and Aesop work with video bloggers such as Lan Haoyi, known as Lan Pu Lan online, to promote their products to his nearly 1.4 million followers.
The 27-year-old spends up to 10,000 yuan ($1,460) a month on beauty products and says China's "Little Fresh Meat" -- a term referring to young good-looking men -- is spearheading this trend.
"We're seeing more men in the media wearing make-up. This will naturally become the norm," Lan said.
Despite what appears to be social progress in many of the country's cosmopolitan cities, the video blogger says he still receives hate messages and criticism for appearing in smoky red eyeshadow.
"'Why would a man look like that? Why does a man need to wear make-up?' These are some of messages I get," Lan says, adding he has been called a "sissy" and other slurs.
For Jiang, the fear of being ridiculed by his own parents stops him from picking up the make-up brush in front of them.
"I don't want to have conflict with my parents. We don't see eye to eye, our values and concepts of life are different.
"I'm not saying that they don't think me putting on make-up is bad or what, but they are just unable to accept the daily make-up routine for a man," he says.
Internet strategy
Jiang Cheng recording video at his home in Beijing as part of China's booming male cosmetics industry.
But Mo Fei, the executive director for Chetti Rouge, a Chinese cosmetics company targeting men exclusively, says that will change over time.
"There will be more and more men who take more care in how they look and the demands will increase. Men in the East are more accepting," Mo says.
He opened Chetti Rouge in 2005 with few products. Now the beauty company sells a wide variety of cosmetics ranging from foundation to lipstick solely for men and has moved the entire business online.
"We saw potential in the market very early on," Mo told AFP, adding that the company expanded to Thailand three years ago.
"It might be that men have accepted make-up. For men to browse products in shopping malls, may be for some men a little intimidating, hence the best way for them to buy is online, which is why our sales strategy is mainly on the internet."
China's 'men only' job culture slammed in new report
Tags: China cosmetics men male celebrities make-up
Villagers in northern Vietnam use bamboo to walk on water
A seafood market in central Vietnam explodes in monsoon colors
A Saigon café climbs trees to serve its customers
Saigon nightlife gets a healthy workout
In pictures: the best of Vietnam this week
Want to be a dad? Wear boxers, not skin-tight briefs
Indonesia works to ban trade of meat from pets, exotic animals
‘Tis the season: Fishermen get bumper krill catch
Reading: China's new online cosmetics stars: men
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405950
|
__label__cc
| 0.62766
| 0.37234
|
Art in the Forest rustles Vinh Phuc lakeside
By Lan Huong  October 29, 2019 | 04:42 pm GMT+7
Visitors to the Art in the Forest exhibition in Vinh Phuc Province can enjoy unique creations by Vietnamese and international artists in the heart of a pine forest.
Art in the Forest 2019 (AIF 2019) is held at Flamingo Dai Lai Resort, about 45 km from Hanoi, in Phuc Yen District, from October 26 till October 15, 2020. This year’s theme is "International Lacquer and Sculpture."
The exhibition is housed in containers, complete with lighting, air-conditioning and glass doors.
Set against the natural backdrop of a pine forest by Dai Lai Lake, 68 artworks on display were created by ten painters and seven sculptors from Vietnam and other countries, including Japan, South Korea, Spain, Canada, France and the U.S.
American artist Sha Sha Higby poses in the artwork she created.
"The body is made up of numerous theaters. Each movement creates thousands of exciting narratives," she said.
The artist said she used materials such as paper, wood, and paint combined with dance techniques to create this moving artwork, shipped all the way from the U.S.
One of 12 artworks in the Song collection by artist Le Thua Tien made from lacquer, ceramics and glass.
The artist was inspired by the image of the eight trigrams (Bagua or Pa Kua) and the word Tho (meaning longevity) commonly found in ancient architecture as a symbol to enhance the energy of the home and protect its residents.
Tai hien ky uc (Eternal Return), a visualization of modern society via an image of tangled twigs, by South Korean painter Jang Jin-su.
Thanh am cua dat (Sound of the Earth) by Japanese sculptor Mukai Katsumi. The artwork weighs 2.5 tons and was completed over two months.
French sculptor Ariel Moscovici stands next to his artwork The Space Between II made of stainless steel and weighing 12 tons.
"The idea of the work originates from the beginning or the origin, before all things appear, like the word Bereshit that means 'starting' according to the Torah. God created the world before other matters existed," he said.
The exhibition also includes seating areas where visitors could stop for a drink and observe the pine forest.
Art in the Forest was first held in 2015, when it was voted one of the top five national arts events by the Ministry of Sports, Culture and Tourism.
The pine forest near Dai Lai Lake is a destination of choice for weekend getaways near capital city Hanoi.
Dai Lai forest provides canvas for art exhibition
Designer installs a communal house at French art center
Saigon skyscraper drawings a historical record
Saigon hosts first ever exhibition of nudes on stones
Hanoi art exhibition colors ‘Endless Inspiration’ of female nudity
Tags: Vietnam art exhibition artworks artists Art in the Forest 2019 Vinh Phuc Province
Old Quarter rattles its bones ahead of Halloween
Two northern provinces depend on lure of lakes to attract tourists
Concerns mount as construction violations deface Ha Giang’s natural beauty
Making cocoa in Mekong Delta
Captivating tomb of Nguyen Dynasty’s longest reigning king
Thua Thien Hue’s sweet spot
Discovering Vietnam’s remote northern highlands
Ha Giang told to probe spiritual complex built in prohibited area
Reading: Art in the Forest rustles Vinh Phuc lakeside
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405951
|
__label__cc
| 0.712876
| 0.287124
|
eCommons@AKU
Home > Pakistan > IED > IED Karachi > 299
Institute for Educational Development, Karachi
Developing a rubric to assess critical thinking in a multidisciplinary context in higher education
Sadia Muzaffar Bhutta, Aga Khan UniversityFollow
Sahreen Chauhan, Aga Khan UniversityFollow
Syeda Kausar Ali, Aga Khan UniversityFollow
Raisa Gul, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Pakistan
Shanaz Cassum, Aga Khan UniversityFollow
Tashmin Khamis, Aga Khan UniversityFollow
Critical thinking (CT) is a generic attribute that is greatly valued across academic disciplines in higher education, and around the globe. It is also defined as one of the graduate attributes of higher education for the sample private university where this research was conducted, as it is perceived that CT helps the graduate to become ‘engaged citizens’ in the twenty-first century. Despite the well-documented importance of CT, its assessment remains a challenge. This study addresses this challenge through the systematic development and field-testing of a rubric for assessing critical thinking in a multidisciplinary context in higher education. A multidisciplinary group of faculty (i.e. education, nursing, medicine) from the sample university partnered with a policy research group in Canada to translate this plan into action. The development of the assessment tool followed a multi-step process including: (i) identification of the main elements of CT; (ii) choice of a rubric format; (iii) adaptation of the currently available relevant rubrics; and, (iv) field testing and establishment of the reliability of the rubric. The process resulted in the development of a holistic template, the Assessment of Critical Thinking (ACT) rubric. Two versions of the rubric have been field tested on a sample (n=59) of students drawn from different entities of the sample university. The data collected was subjected to psychometric analysis which yielded satisfactory results. This was a modest attempt to develop an assessment tool to guide multidisciplinary faculty members in teaching and assessing CT by assisting them to make decisions about the level of their students’ CT skills through a combination of numerical scores and qualitative description. It may also empower them to make self-initiated, conscious efforts to improve their classroom practice with reference to CT. The ACT rubric provides an anchoring point to start working on the daunting yet doable task of developing and fine-tuning both the assessment measures of CT and interventions to promote CT based on the assessment findings. Future research may not only provide robust evidence of the reliability and validity of the ACT rubric for a larger and varied sample but also help in making informed decisions to enhance teaching and learning of CT across entities of the sample university.
Scholarship of Teaching & Learning in the South
Bhutta, S. M., Chauhan, S., Ali, S. K., Gul, R., Cassum, S., & Khamis, T. (2019). Developing a rubric to assess critical thinking in a multidisciplinary context in higher education. Scholarship of Teaching & Learning in the South, 3(1), 6–25.
Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research Commons, Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Commons
in this series in eCommons@AKU across all repositories
Aga Khan University Libraries
SAFARI (AKU Libraries’ Catalogue)
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405963
|
__label__cc
| 0.632168
| 0.367832
|
Home » Education, Miscellaneous, People & Places » Who Will Be Miss Ecumenical?
Who Will Be Miss Ecumenical?
Simultaneous fundraising activities are underway at the Ecumenical High School in Dangriga. Today, a team traveled from the south to Belize City to spread the word on its mission to raise money to develop on another phase of the institution’s auditorium as well as to embark on community based initiatives across the southern municipality. Some of those activities will be led by the students themselves as their platforms for the upcoming Miss Ecumenical Pageant on March second. Meet the delegates:
[Delegates introduction…]
Christie Garbutt
Christie Garbutt, Pageant Coordinator, Stann Creek Ecumenical College
“This is going to be our fourth pageant since 2014. This year’s pageant is under the theme “Southern Beauty.” It’s going to be held on March second at the Stann Creek Ecumenical Auditorium. We have five contestants and each of them will be to represent a product from the south.”
Duane Moody
“It’s a fundraiser?”
“Yes, all the proceeds from our pageant is going to be put into school projects; namely, we have the student assistance program as well as a sporting program that we are focusing on.”
“We know that they always say that pageants like these also build character in these young ladies.”
“Yes, we do believe that our pageants should not be all about just nailing a speech and looking pretty. We believe that they should do something for our community so with that said; we are introducing a new segment of our pageant which is called the community ambassador. Each of our contestants is working on a volunteer project that they are going to be doing in our community. And whether they win or lose, this is something that I believe they are going to continue as a volunteer service.”
The pageant begins at six-thirty; tickets are available for ten dollars.
Butane Prices to Go Up, But Not Till March
Guatemala Gets Its Way: O.A.S.’ Magdalena Talamas Exits
Showdown at the Border in Guat Journalist’s Own Words
Benefit Concert for Fire Victims this Weekend
10 Years On, F.C.D. Recounts Shifts in Illegal Activity in Chiquibul
Arrest Made in Death of Alfredo Cowo
Blaming Police for Shootings ‘Irresponsible’, Chides Foreign Minister
Guinea Grass Man Charged for Drugs, Contraband
Sports Council Seeks Compromise with Footballers on M.C.C. Use
U.B. Responds to Graduation Crisis
Winston Gordon Charged in Camalote RTA
U.S. Warns Against Increased Crime for American Tourists
Court’s Ex Parte Order Separates Mom, Daughter
Family Court Complaints Increase
S.C. Ecumenical Offers Wingle in Raffle
10 Years On: Memories of the Great Andy Palacio
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405966
|
__label__cc
| 0.692895
| 0.307105
|
My booking EN
Hotel Felipe II | Legal note
book now Your stay
Check availability! Best price guaranteed
Legal note Hotel Felipe II
Legal note Hotel in Peñíscola
1. - WEB HOLDER
For the purposes of the provisions of Article 10.1 of the LSSICE, it is noted that the site is owned by Hotel Felipe II entity SA, domiciled at Avda. Papa Luna, 32. On the website, there are information related to Hotel Felipe II chain, with the possibility of booking rooms and hire packages or other hotel services.
2. - TERMS OF USE & RESPONSABILITY
2.1. Access to this website is the sole responsibility of the users. The risks arising from their use are responsibility of the user, exclusively.
2.2. The information contained in this website is offered for the convenience of users. This information may contain inaccuracies, errors, omissions and / or mistakes, so that the owner does not guarantee the reliability, accuracy and / or safety of the contents.
2.3. The information contained on the website is current at the date of the last update. The owner reserves the right to make, at any time, changes, updates and / or deletions as may be necessary.
2.4. The website owner is not responsible for any damage that may result from interference, interruptions, computer viruses and / or disconnections in the operational functioning of this electronic system, neither of which can be caused by third parties through illegal interference in the system.
2.5. The user undertakes to use the website and the services available to them according to law, morals and good customs, refraining from using it for illicit purposes contrary to the provisions of these rules, or in any manner that may harm third or impede the normal use by other users.
2.6. The services are collected and provided through the Web are designed for adults so that users who take service through this website should be legally of age. No request or collect any information on children.
2.7. The owner is not responsible for the contents, products and / or services that may be obtained through advertising or links to third party websites (links) through this website. The presence of links is for informational purposes only and does not imply any relationship between the owner and the owners of web pages that can be accessed through these links.
2.8. The content of this website is intended for personal use, so you may not copy, reproduce, distribute, communicate, publish, transfer, process, sell or use the content of this website for public or commercial purposes.
2.9. The holder may withdraw or suspend at any time without prior notice provision of services to users who have infringed the provisions of this document, or incurred in violation of the law, morality or public order. The exclusion of the user does not constitute a waiver of any legal action relevant to accountability.
3. - RIGHTS AND GROUNDS FOR EXCLUSION
The owner reserves the right to exclude temporarily or permanently the users of this website are given if any of the following circumstances:
• Failure of any of the General Conditions set out in this document.
• Failure to comply with the law, morality and public order.
In any case, the user exclusion constitute a waiver to perform the legal actions, and possible indemnity payments.
4. - CONTRACTUAL PROCESS
For the purposes of Article 27 of the LSSICE, the contractual process conducted by be done through the following steps:
• First Choice Hotel, offer, package or other hotel services on the home page via the search parameters, and the dates of stay.
• Second: Choosing the type of room, number of them, and number of people.
• Third: selection of supplements and additional services shows the final price. Insert both of personal data relating to the reserve, as well as the bank card used to guarantee the reservation and acceptance of general conditions of booking.
• Fourth: Formalizing the booking confirmation page sample.
• Fifth: Sending email booking confirmation with details of the same.
Upon reservation will generate an electronic document subsequently incorporated into its holder files. The user will always have full access to and knowledge of it by sending an email with the content at the end of the booking process.
Once you have completed the booking, the customer is requested to review the content of it so you can identify possible errors in data entry, in case of correction needed, the user can call the central reservations phone 964 480 200 or send an email to hotel@felipesegundohotel.com providing identifying details of the reservation.
5. - COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY
5.1. In reservation service "on line" guarantees the security and confidentiality of transactions.
5.2. The transactional service connection is made through a secure server. This is the standard technology in Internet security, Secure Socket Layer (SSL), which uses an encryption system to provide maximum confidentiality of data that it transmitted. The information is transmitted encrypted to ensure that it is intelligible only to the client computer and the server of the website owner.
5.3. Verification that the connection is made through a secure server can be checked by any of the following systems:
- Using the address of the server, since a secure server begins with https.
- Through an indication on your browser that displays a whole key to a closed padlock on the bottom of the screen.
6. - USE OF COOKIES
Following the entry into the main site and in the linked pages may incorporate cookies to your computer. If the users are not interested in it, must set your browser to prevent the incorporation of cookies on your computer.
7. - LAW
The relationship between the owner of the website and users s
hall be governed by Spanish law
8. - JURISDICTION
Shall have jurisdiction in any dispute between the parties the courts of Peñíscola, expressly waiving any other jurisdiction that may apply.
All advantages at the time of booking
FELIPE II HOTEL OFFICIAL WEBSITE
FELIPE II HOTEL GUARANTEE
Avda. Papa Luna, 32 hotel@felipesegundohotel.com
Find us on socialNetwork
Access to this website may involve the use of cookies, even though it would work without them. Cookies are small files that store information in each user’s browser so that the server can recognize certain information which only it can read. Cookies last for a limited amount of time. No cookies reveal telephone numbers, e-mail addresses or other means of identification. Cookies cannot obtain information from the user’s hard drive or personal information about them. The only way in which a user’s personal details can be included in a cookie file is if the user personally supplies this information to the server.
Although cookies help us to optimize the booking process for you, users who do not wish to receive cookies or do not want information about their visit to be gathered may configure their browser to prevent them. All Internet browsers can be set to block or allow cookies from specific websites.
Function Name of cookie Purpose
Contributes to the website’s operation DispoParams It stores the necessary information to seek availabilities.
Contributes to the website’s operation no_mostrar_banernew It stops informative banners from popping up again.
Security crsftoken It prevents third-party action on websites that we are visiting without our knowledge.
Function Third party Purpose / Additional information
Website analysis Google It monitors visits to the website in order to analyse its use, detect incidents, and improve its usability.
Management of bookmarks and links AddThis, Facebook, Google+, Twitter It enables links on social networks and better-known websites to be shared.
Third-party cookies for marketing purposes
Marketing - Retargeting. Zanox, Ve Interactive, TripAdvisor It manages adverts, showing the top offers for places where you were searching.
Marketing - Retargeting. Google Adwords. Sociomantic, TripAdvisor It monitors how effective advertising campaigns are and shows relevant messages.
Our website and e-mails in HTML format might use web bugs and/or cookies to compile statistics about the use of the aforementioned website. A web bug is an image in a message that notifies us that the message has been viewed, purely for the purpose of gathering use-related statistics.
For further information on how to block cookies via the Chrome search engine, click here.
For further information on how to block cookies via the Explorer search engine, click here.
For further information on how to block cookies via the Firefox search engine, click here.
For further information on how to block cookies via the Safari search engine, click here.
Receive our offers and newsletter
To send your emails is to accept the privacy policy
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405972
|
__label__cc
| 0.623033
| 0.376967
|
Iran Refiner Exports Sulfur to China, India
TEHRAN August 23 (Shana)--A major portion of the sulfur recovered at Iran's Shahid Hasheminejad Refinery has been exported to China and India.
Shahid Hasheminejad refinery has exported 75% of its recovered sulfur to destinations in China and India.
The unit can produce 2,100 tons of sulfur a day and recovers over 600,000 tons of sulfur annually besides processing natural gas, said the refiner's executive manager Naser Eslami.
It can also produce 650 tons a day of granulated sulfur or sulfur Bentonite which is used as fertilizer.
Sulfur Bentonite is a granular degradable sulfur fertilizer that can be used both as a source of plant nutrient sulfur and / or as a soil amendment for correction of problem alkali soils. It is made up of thousands of tiny particles per pastille. Sulfur Bentonite contains a special blend of swelling agents to quickly fracture the pastille and disperse them.
Production of sulfur Bentonite is a great achievement for the refinery which is used in farms for obtaining agricultural produce of higher quality, said Eslami.
Another unit producing EPCF granulated sulfur will also be launched in the refinery in the near future, added the official.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405974
|
__label__wiki
| 0.935702
| 0.935702
|
Harry Langdon
American actor and comedian
Find sources: "Harry Langdon" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Langdon in 1923
(1884-06-15)June 15, 1884
Council Bluffs, Iowa, U.S.
December 22, 1944(1944-12-22) (aged 60)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Actor, comedian
Rose Francis Musolff (1903–1928)
Helen Walton (1929–1932)
Mabel Sheldon (1934–1944; 1 son: Harry Philmore Langdon Jr., born December 16, 1934)
Harry Philmore Langdon (June 15, 1884 – December 22, 1944) was an American comedian who appeared in vaudeville, silent films (where he had his greatest fame), and talkies.[1]
1 Life and career
2 Death
3 Partial filmography
Life and career[edit]
Born in Council Bluffs, Iowa, Langdon began working in medicine shows and stock companies while in his teens. In 1906, he entered vaudeville with his first wife, Rose Langdon. By 1915, he had developed a sketch named "Johnny's New Car," on which he performed variations in the years that followed. In 1923, he joined Principal Pictures Corporation, a company headed by producer Sol Lesser. He eventually went to The Mack Sennett Studios, where he became a major star.[2] At the height of his film career, he was considered one of the four best comics of the silent film era. His screen character was that of a wide-eyed, childlike man with an innocent's understanding of the world and the people in it. He was a first-class pantomimist.
1927 Harper's Bazaar ad for Long Pants
Most of Langdon's 1920s work was produced at the famous Mack Sennett studio. His screen character was unique and his antics so different from the broad Sennett slapstick that he soon had a following. Success led him into feature films, directed by Arthur Ripley and Frank Capra. With such directors guiding him, Langdon's work rivaled that of Charlie Chaplin, Harold Lloyd, and Buster Keaton. Many consider his best films to be The Strong Man (1926), Tramp, Tramp, Tramp (1926), and Long Pants (1927). Langdon acted as producer on these features, which were made for his own company, The Harry Langdon Corporation, and released by First National. After his initial success, he fired Frank Capra and directed his own films, including "Three's a Crowd", "The Chaser", and "Heart Trouble", but his appeal faded. These films were more personal and idiosyncratic, and audiences of the period were not interested. Capra later claimed that Langdon's decline stemmed from the fact that, unlike the other great silent comics, he never fully understood what made his own film character successful.[3] However, Langdon's biographer Bill Schelly, among others, have expressed skepticism about this claim, arguing that Langdon had established his character in vaudeville long before he entered movies, added by the fact that he wrote most of his own material during his stage years. History shows that Langdon's greatest success was while being directed by Capra, and once he took hold of his own destiny, his original film comedy persona dropped sharply in popularity with audiences. This is likely not due to Langdon's material, which he had always written himself, but due to his inexperience with the many fine points of directing, at which Capra excelled, but at which Langdon was a novice. On the other hand, a look at Langdon's filmography shows that Capra directed only two of Langdon's 30 silent comedies. His last silent film, and the last one Langdon directed, "Heart Trouble", is a "lost film", so it is difficult to assess whether he might have begun achieving a greater understanding of the directorial process with more experience. The coming of sound, and the drastic changes in cinema, also thwarted Langdon's chances of evolving as a director and perhaps defining a style that might have enjoyed greater box office success.
Langdon's babyish character did not adapt well to sound films; as producer Hal Roach remarked, "He was not so funny articulate" (he featured Langdon in several unsuccessful sound shorts in 1929–1930). But Langdon was a big enough name to command leads in short subjects for Educational Pictures and Columbia Pictures.[4] In 1938, he adopted a Caspar Milquetoast-type, henpecked-husband character that served him well. Langdon continued to work steadily in low-budget features and shorts into the 1940s, playing mild-mannered goofs. He also contributed to comedy scripts as a writer, notably for Laurel and Hardy, which led to him being paired with Oliver Hardy in a 1939 film titled Zenobia during a period when Stan Laurel was in a bitter contract dispute with Roach.[5]
Langdon was considered to be the live-action role model for Dopey in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, but Walt Disney rejected the idea. Eddie Collins played the role instead.[6]
Death[edit]
Harry Langdon kept busy in pictures and completed his final Columbia short Pistol Packin' Nitwits only weeks before his death of a cerebral hemorrhage on December 22, 1944.[4] All funeral arrangements were handled by onscreen cohort and friend Vernon Dent.[4] Langdon was cremated[7] and his ashes interred at Grand View Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California.[8]
At the height of his career, Langdon was making $7,500 per week, a fortune for the times. Upon his death, The New York Times wrote, "His whole appeal was a consummate ability to look inexpressibly forlorn when confronted with manifold misfortunes—usually of the domestic type. He was what was known as 'dead-pan'...the feeble smile and owlish blink which had become his stock-in-trade caught on in a big way, and he skyrocketed to fame and fortune..."[9]
In 1997, his hometown of Council Bluffs celebrated "Harry Langdon Day" and in 1999 named Harry Langdon Boulevard in his honor. For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Harry Langdon has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6925 Hollywood Boulevard.
Langdon is briefly depicted in the Biographical film, Stan & Ollie, played by Richard Cant, where he is preparing for the shooting of Zenobia with Oliver Hardy.
Partial filmography[edit]
† – denotes entry part of the Columbia Pictures short subject series
The Sky Scraper aka The Greenhorn (1923)
A Tough Tenderfoot aka Horace Greeley, Jr. (1923)
A Perfect Nuisance aka The White Wing's Bride (1923)
Picking Peaches (1924, Short) as Harry - A Shoe Clerk
Smile Please (1924, Short) as Otto Focus - the Hero
Scarem Much (1924, Short) as Ringside Spectator (uncredited)
Shanghaied Lovers (1924, Short) as A Shanghaied Sailor
Flickering Youth (1924, Short) as Gus Guitar
The Cat's Meow (1924, Short) as Eddie Elgin
His New Mamma (1924, Short) as The Farmer Boy
The First Hundred Years (1924, Short) as A Newly-Wed
The Luck o' the Foolish (1924, Short) as Mr. Newlywed
The Hansom Cabman (1924, Short) as Harry Doolittle
All Night Long (1924, Short) as Harry Hall - the Boy
Feet of Mud (1924, Short) as The Boy - Harry Holdem
The Sea Squawk (1925, Short) as Sandy McNickel - an Immigrant
His Marriage Wow (1925, Short) as The Groom - Harold Hope
Boobs in the Woods (1925, Short) as The Boy - Chester Winfield
Plain Clothes (1925, Short) as Harvey Carter
Remember When? (1925, Short) as Harry Hudson
Lucky Stars (1925, Short) as Harry Lamb
There He Goes (1925, Short) as Harry
Saturday Afternoon (1926, Short) as Harry Higgins
Tramp, Tramp, Tramp (1926) as Harry Logan
Soldier Man (1926, Short) as The Soldier / King Strudel the 13th of Bomania
Ella Cinders (1926) as Harry Langdon (uncredited)
The Strong Man (1926) as Paul Bergot
Long Pants (1927) as Harry Shelby
His First Flame (1927) as Harry Howells
Three's a Crowd (1927) as Harry - the Odd Fellow
Fiddlesticks (1927, Short) as Harry Hogan
The Chaser (1928) as The Husband
Heart Trouble (1928, director) as Harry Van Housen
Hotter Than Hot (1929, Short)
Sky Boy (1929, Short)
Skirt Shy (1929, Short) as Dobbs, the butler
The Head Guy (1930, Short) as Harry, Temporary Station Master
The Fighting Parson (1930, Short) as The Banjo Player
The Big Kick (1930, Short) as Harry
The Shrimp (1930, Short) as Harry
The King (1930, Short) as The King
A Soldier's Plaything (1930) as Tim
See America Thirst (1930) as Wally
The Big Flash (1932, Short) as Harry
Tired Feet (1933, Short)
Hallelujah, I'm a Bum (1933) as Egghead
The Hitchhiker (1933, Short) as The Hitchhiker
Knight Duty (1933, Short) as Harry
Tied for Life (1933, Short) as The Groom
Marriage Humor (1933, Short)
Hooks and Jabs (1933, Short)
The Stage Hand (1933, Short) as Harry
My Weakness (1933) as Dan Cupid
On Ice (1933, Short)
Roaming Romeo (1933, Short)
Circus Hoodoo (1934, Short)
Petting Preferred (1934, Short)
Counsel on De Fence (1934, †, Short) as Darrow Langdon
Shivers (1934, †, Short) as Ichabod Somerset Crop
His Bridal Sweet (1935, †, Short) as Himself
Love, Honor, and Obey (the Law!) (1935, Short) as Harry
The Leather Necker (1935, †, Short)
Atlantic Adventure (1935) as Snapper McGillicuddy
His Marriage Mix-Up (1935, †, Short)
I Don't Remember (1935, †, Short) as Harry Crump
Block-Heads (1938, writer)
A Doggone Mixup (1938, †, Short) as Himself
Stardust (1938) as Otto Schultz
Sue My Lawyer (1938, †, Short) as Himself
There Goes My Heart (1938) as Minister (uncredited)
Zenobia (1939) as Professor McCrackle
The Flying Deuces (1939, writer)
A Chump at Oxford (1940, writer)
Saps at Sea (1940, writer)
Goodness! A Ghost (1940, Short)
Cold Turkey (1940, †, Short) as Himself
Misbehaving Husbands (1940) as Henry Butler
Sitting Pretty (1940)
Road Show (1941, writer)
All-American Co-Ed (1941) as Hap Holden
Double Trouble (1941) as Albert 'Bert' Prattle
What Makes Lizzy Dizzy? (1942, †, Short) as Harry
House of Errors (1942) as Bert
Tireman, Spare My Tires (1942, †, Short) as Himself
Carry Harry (1942, †, Short) as Harry
Piano Mooner (1942, †, Short) as Harry
A Blitz on the Fritz (1943, †, Short) as Egbert Slipp
Blonde and Groom (1943, †, Short) as Harry
Here Comes Mr. Zerk (1943, †, Short) as Egbert Slipp
Spotlight Revue (1943) as Oscar Martin
To Heir is Human (1944, †, Short) as Harry Fenner
Defective Detectives (1944, †, Short) as Harry
Hot Rhythm (1944) as Mr. Whiffle
Mopey Dope (1944, †, Short)
Block Busters (1944) as Higgins
Snooper Service (1945, †, Short)
Pistol Packin' Nitwits (1945, †, Short) as Harry
Swingin' on a Rainbow (1945) as Chester Willouby (final film role)
Langdon (center) with the comedy team of Olsen and Johnson.
List of United States comedy films
^ Obituary Variety, December 27, 1944, page 39.
^ Harter, Chuck and Michael J. Hayde; Little Elf: A Celebration of Harry Langdon (BearManor Media, 2012).
^ Katz, Ephraim. The Film Encyclopedia. (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Publishers) 689.
^ a b c Okuda, Ted and Watz, Edward; (1986). The Columbia Comedy Shorts, pp. 115–123, 221–222, McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. ISBN 0-89950-181-8
^ Katz, Ephraim. Ibid.
^ Barrier, Michael (2003). Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195167290. P.214.
^ "Hollywood Bids Farewell to Comic Harry Langdon". The Los Angeles Times. December 27, 1944. p. 6.
^ Wilson, Scott (2016). Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company. p. 424. ISBN 9780786479924.
^ The New York Times, Obituary, December 23, 1944.
Charles Reed Jones, Editor. Breaking Into The Movies. The Unicorn Press, 1927.
William Schelly. Harry Langdon: His Life and Films. 2nd edition. McFarland, 2008. ISBN 978-0786436910
Harry Langdon on IMDb
Harry Langdon at AllMovie
Harry Langdon at Film Reference
Harry Langdon at Find a Grave
Photographs and literature
BNF: cb13896316g (data)
SNAC: w63t9spx
Trove: 1186063
VIAF: 196800
WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 196800
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harry_Langdon&oldid=912794313"
American male silent film actors
Silent film comedians
Vaudeville performers
Male actors from Iowa
People from Council Bluffs, Iowa
Slapstick comedians
20th-century American comedians
American male comedy actors
Burials at Grand View Memorial Park Cemetery
Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers
Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405975
|
__label__wiki
| 0.563181
| 0.563181
|
Title: The effects of particle size on the properties of iron powders and their compacts
Author: Borland, W.
Awarding Body: University of Surrey
Current Institution: University of Surrey
Immediate download. Please login to continue.
http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843992/
Iron powders of varying particle sizes and oxygen contents were manufactured from three different sources of iron oxide by hydrogen reduction at different temperatures. The morphology of the powders was studied by scanning electron microscopy and surface area analysis (BET). Powders reduced at low temperatures had fine particle sizes with high specific surface areas of up to, 18m2 g-1 and showed pyrophoric tendencies. At higher reduction temperatures, the powders had coarser particle sizes due to agglomeration of fines with a resultant decrease in specific. surface area. The effects on compact properties were investigated. Compacts were pressed at 200 MN.m-2 and sintered in hydrogen at 850°C for times of up to 150 hours. Fine powders compacted to low green densities but rapidly sintered to densities up to 97% theoretical density. As the reduction temperature of the powder was increased, the green density increased but the sintered density was reduced. The optimum reduction temperature to give a brief sintered density was found to be that which produces powder of comparable surface area to its oxide precursor. The effects of oxygen content on densification was examined. High levels of oxygen in the iron powder were found to inhibit the sintering of fine powders but for coarse powders oxygen appeared to aid densification. Other types of impurities also appeared to affect the densification but the greatest effect overall was found to be the difference in particle sizes. Grain sizes of compacts after sintering for various times at 850°C were established. The grain size of the sintered compact was controlled by the particle size and purity of the iron powder as well as the sintering time. Compacts made from fine powders showed fine grain sizes. The rate of grain growth at 850°C was low compared to that experienced in conventional powders when sintered around 1100°C. Mechanical properties of compacts made from fine powders and sintered at 850°C showed good elongation and tensile properties. Impact values however, were low when compared to high density compacts made from commercial iron powders. It is assumed that this was due to impurity contents.
Keywords: Metallurgy & metallography
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405982
|
__label__cc
| 0.689491
| 0.310509
|
About EYP
Open Forum for Youth
International Sessions
Power Shifts
Network of Changemakers
Strenghtening the EYP Network: STEN
25 Feb EYP Councils in 2019
The European Youth Parliament is run by young people for young people. The peer-led EYP Councils allow more EYP members to actively shape our organisation. Meet young volunteers who will chair 5 EYP Councils this year.
The EYP Councils engage more active EYPers to participate in shaping the organisation and working more closely on the international level. The EYP Councils are working groups that work independently on tasks set by the EYP Governing Body. They also have a room to develop their own projects. Each Council works on a specific area. Councils consists of around 6 active EYP members, one member of the Governing Body, as well as one staff member from the EYP International Office. At the beginning of each year, the members of the EYP Councils are selected through an open call. Anyone who is interested in joining one of the Councils can put forward their application. Based on these applications, the Governing Body selects the members for the councils for the upcoming year.
Here is a list of the 2019 Councils, their respective Chairs and GB representatives.
Development Council
Chair: Janis Fifka (Germany), GB representative: Dionysis Patriarcheas (Greece)
“The Development Council will be the supporting entity to work on solutions for sustainable growth – ready to listen, discuss and help.” – Janis
Media and Communication Council
Chair: Ali Okumusoglu (Luxembourg), GB representative: Noura Berrouba (Sweden)
“The Media & Communication council will work on the internal & external communication of EYP on all levels. Our work will aim to support and expand the scope of media teams within the network while also aiming to create materials for future generations.” – Ali
Training and Member Development Council
Chair: Marta Sznajder (Poland), GB representative: Maria Manolescu (Romania)
“My vision for the Training and Member Development Council in 2019 is for it to be a collaborating team, driven by a shared vision and passion for personal growth, as well as development and continuity of training in the network, working continuously in a systematic structure.” – Marta
Council on Education, Outreach, and Inclusion
Chair: Stefan Hadzovic (Serbia), GB representative: Helga Dirlinger (Austria)
“After a successful term as the chair of the Outreach and Inclusion Council, I am thrilled to have the opportunity to continue my involvement as the chair of the newly created Council on Education, Outreach and Inclusion which combines these interconnected fields, crucial for the further development of our Network. Do you think it is important to make EYP events more inclusive and diverse? Do you value educational aspect of the EYP? Then CEOI is the place for you!” – Stefan
Safe Core Team
Chair: Weronika Betta (Poland), GB representative: Maria Manolescu (Romania). Maria will also serve as International Safe Person as foreseen by the Safe Policy.
“The creation of the Safe Core Team marks a moment of due, and perhaps overdue, recognition that ensuring safety and wellbeing of all volunteers who shape our organisation should be at the forefront. Eager to be part of this step, I will work with the rest of the team to ensure EYP is always a safe and welcoming space for personal growth, while hopefully instilling in participants a sense of responsibility and awareness that they can carry with them to non-EYP contexts as well.” – Weronika
We congratulate all Councils Chairs and wish them a very fruitful year!
European Youth Parliament
Sophienstr. 28 / 29
Email: info[at]eyp.org
Phone: +49 30 726 21 95 42
Jobs & Requests for Proposals
EYP Member Platform
The European Youth Parliament is one of the largest platforms for political debate, intercultural encounters, European civic education and the exchange of ideas for young people in Europe.
Schwarzkopf Foundation
The Berlin-based foundation empowers young people from all backgrounds to be active European citizens contributing to a pluralistic, democratic society. For more information, click here.
EYP National Committees
The EYP is a network of independent youth organisations active in 40 countries across Europe. Find the contact details of the EYP National Committee in your country by clicking here.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405984
|
__label__wiki
| 0.543167
| 0.543167
|
Dilip Thakar, MD
Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine
About Dr. Thakar
Patient Load: Neuroradiology: About 20-40 diagnostic cases per day, with average 3 myelograms, 2 spinal interventions and 1 angiogram/spinal interventional procedure per week. Regular scheduled and unscheduled consultations are performed with referring
Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
1983 Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial, Medical College, Rapur, IND, MD, Medical Doctor
1975 Government Science College, Raipur, IND, BS
1990-1993 Department of Anesthesiology, Residency, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
1989-1990 Department of Surgery, Internship, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
2006 Cardiac Pacing and Cardioversion Defibrillation for the Physician by NASPExAM (HRS)
1998 Perioperative Transesophageal Echocardiography by National Board of Echocardiography, 1998
1994 American Board of Anesthesiology
Academic Appointments
Associate Professor, Department of Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston,, TX, 2001 - 2007
Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston,, TX, 1998 - 2001
Assistant Professor, Department of Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,, TX, 1993 - 1998
Assistant Surgeon, Department of General and Cardiovascular Surgery, Memorial City Medical Center, Houston,, TX, 1987 - 1989
1998 Golden Apple Award for Excellence in Teaching, Baylor College of Medicine
Norman PH, Thall PF, Purugganan RV, Riedel BJ, Thakar DR, Rice DC, Huynh L, Qiao W, Wen S, Smythe WR. A possible association between aprotinin and improved survival after radical surgery for mesothelioma. Cancer 115(4):833-41, 2009. PMID: 19130460.
Jackson TA, Mehran RJ, Thakar D, Riedel B, Nunnally ME, Slinger P. Case 5-2007 postoperative complications after pneumonectomy: clinical conference. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 21(5):743-51, 2007. PMID: 17905288.
Riedel B, Shaw A, Thakar D. Correspondence. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1, 2004.
Ferson D, Thakar D, Swafford J, Sinha A, Sapire K, Arens J. Use of deep intravenous sedation with propofol and the laryngeal mask airway during transesophageal echocardiography. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 17(4):443-6, 2003. PMID: 12968230.
Sinha, A, , Thakar D. Airway Management, a Review and Update. Internet Journal of Anesthesia, 2002.
Sapire KJ, Gopinath SP, Farhat G, Thakar DR, Gabrielli A, Jones JW, Robertson CS, Chance B. Cerebral oxygenation during warming after cardiopulmonary bypass. Crit Care Med 25(10):1655-62, 1997. PMID: 9377879.
Thakar DR. Cardiac Tumors and Anesthetic Consideration. In: Acute Care of the Cancer Patient. Taylor and Francis, 2005.
Thakar D, Sinha AC, Wenker O. Concepts of Neonatal ECMO. In: Neonatal Surgery. Modern Publishers, 525-529, 2000.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405987
|
__label__wiki
| 0.616055
| 0.616055
|
Who Won What
APP + MAP
30 | Sep | 19
Hugh Thomas
Europe Rejoice!
They were the 21 best street food traders in Europe. Just check out this little lot. After a summer of national competitions, the Champions and People’s Choice winners from 15 different countries parked up in a cool warehouse in Malmo. Some travelled for four days to get there. Through the night. Crossed mountain passes in vintage vehicles with a top speed of 20 kilometres per hour. While pulling a trailer. Some had problems with paperwork at border control (talk to the Russians about how they explained away their black pudding), but everyone made it to Sweden’s coolest city in one piece. Apart from Portugal, who withdrew with a broken leg. Everyone deserved to win something.
Malmo, you beautiful thing. You came, you engaged with our Facebook event page, and you voted in your thousands. Like, the kind of numbers our vote-counters didn’t even know existed. Out of 21 traders, descending on Stora Varvsgatan 14 from just about every corner of Europe, the people of Malmo and beyond picked Thrilla in Manilla as the People’s Choice. Was it the free tasters that did it? The unyielding spirit of the team? The squid ink bao that judge and Michelin-star chef Titti Qvarnström said was “so wrong, it was right”?
Probably all of that. To pick the overall winner, we had an amazing panel of judges. Titti, food writer Karin Ericson, ESFA founder Richard Johnson and the two-star Malmo chef Daniel Berlin didn’t have an easy time. One winner from 42 plates of food. 42 plates. It’s a miracle they didn’t need to go home in a wheelbarrow. But the unanimous winner was Homeboys, who set the house on fire (at one point, literally) from Day One. As Daniel said, the “super tasty” open sandwich set them apart from the rest, while the “great texture in the meat” of their pig’s head croquettes – which also won them Best Snack – got them the trophy.
Homeboys lifted the Champion trophy (thanks as always to EC Awards) but they were up against the likes of Irvin’s BBQ, Tabemasu Ka-Jen, Pabellon, and Bao Bun Latvia for Best Sandwich. Par Magnusson of Irvin’s REALLY wanted to be the champion of Europe, his custom-made BBQ wagon reaching speeds it shouldn’t have reached to get to Malmo. But then a fellow Swede, Tabemasu Ka-Jen, rolled up with a poke dog Richard “wasn’t expecting” to like as much as he did. Pabellon put up a titanic weekend, competing with 11er for the longest queue. Pabellon clearly were at a “very high level” said Karin, with Daniel referring to THOSE sweet potato fries as “super super nice”.
Bao Bun Latvia brought along Thai-Latvian rolls of joy. And all the energy. Daniel said of their filling, “you can actually taste the sweetness of the meat”, with Karin adding “I want to eat more” – even though we’d barely got past the starters. In the end, the judges declared it a tie. Irvin’s and Bao Bun Latvia ripped the certificate for Best Sandwich in two. One for their “perfect for street food pastrami in high quality bread”, said Karin. The other for a true, hand-made bao that showed up the commercial alternative for the sham that it is.
There were loads of nice things in between bread. The burger was, like last year, the toughest category. We had something big, red, all the way from Bulgaria – also known as Famous Burger’s repurposed fire truck. 2,700 kilometres separated them from home, but as for competition – coming from Italy’s Rock Burger, Finland’s Social Burgerjoint, and Sweden’s Tabemasu ka-jen – there was a lot less in it. If you want to know how to do provenance, go take a look at Rock Burger. These Italians had Piedmont veal up their sleeve, along with pecorino cheese, radicchio, and their homemade bun to have it all in.
Meanwhile, Social Burgerjoint were smoking out competition with their BBQ – it was fire vs. fire out there in BBQ Alley – and they picked up Best Burger for their efforts. Social BJ were strong showers in the Best Vegetarian category too. “Really good patty and cheese” said Titti of their meat imitator burger. They squared up against Georgia’s Chacha Time, their khachapuri cheese boat “perfect for a hangover” said Karin, with some “nice flavours” and bread that Daniel “really really liked”. Jomm were in there, earning extra points for their commitment to sustainability – which, with edible plates, re-usable cups, and biodegradable cutlery – was on fine form over the weekend.
FutoBuri and Bubu Arare were also in contention for Best Vegetarian. FutoBuri is what happens when Japanese sushi collides with Mexican street food in a German city on the French border. A fusion celebration, if you will. Them and Bubu were heavy on the experiential, the latter getting credit for their small portions (we prefer to look after judges’ waistlines) and what Karin called their ‘very nice presentation’. Their bento box was “ambitious” – but it couldn’t stave off the category’s winners, 11er Genuss-Bus. The Austrians’ production value was off the charts, with branded keyrings, drones, TV menus, and probably the best kitted-out trailer we’ve ever seen. But the food? Innovative and delicious, slicing a thin, crisp homemade rosti and stuffing it with a generous filling.
Then was time for Best Main Dish. Up first was Smoke & Meat and their tagline – “the best that can happen to meat”. Now, S&M means something else in our country, though their BBQ was anything but. They conquered Budapest with their Mangalitsa pork ribs – could they do the same in Malmo? There was the small matter of Triller’s Genussmanufaktur in the way. “Nice texture and crunch,” said Titti of Triller’s truffle schnitzel. “My favourite so far.” Daniel was also a fan. Then came the other Germans – Marokkanische Spezialitat, whose Moroccan couscous showed early promise. “The mint makes it fresh and interesting” said Titti. Meanwhile, Eastern Express, winners in Russia, were serving traditional intestines from a lovely vardo. An inspired setup, and the judges loved their “traditional” approach. But it was the Danes – Dhaba Kitchen – who picked up Best Main for the “freshness” in the lamb chop curry that Titti thought ‘perfect’.
Things got even more serious from there – competition for Best Dessert was the most inseparable we’ve seen in years. Waffle soldiers came in from Utter Waffle, who’d picked up three awards in Britain on their way here to the European final. “Innovative’” was what Titti called their general approach, with Daniel pointing out “it probably would’ve won” if their batter came out “more crunchy.” But Gettergoda thoroughly deserved the Best Dessert title. Hundreds of years from now, people will romance about those gelato-stuffed milk buns. At 9pm on both days, most had packed up and gone home. Yet there they were, with a queue a dozen deep.
So there we have it. Thank you Malmo, especially for your people and your city council – this wouldn’t have been possible without either. And as for the rest of Europe – you’re all heroes. Adjö for now.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405988
|
__label__cc
| 0.690731
| 0.309269
|
Home Home Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation GDC Chapters GDC Chapter 81: Loyalty—Part Three
GDC Chapters Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation
GDC Chapter 81: Loyalty—Part Three15 min read
by exiledrebelsscanlationson December 8, 2018 July 28, 2019 192 Comments on GDC Chapter 81: Loyalty—Part Three15 min read
Chapter 81: Loyalty—Part Three
Translated by K of Exiled Rebels Scanlations
At once, Wei WuXian folded the two pieces of paper and put them back into his lapels, exclaiming, “Am I seeing right? I can’t believe you still have your spiritual powers! Congrats, congrats. But I’d like to ask you—if you aren’t up to no good, why did you hide the fact that you didn’t lose your spiritual powers?”
Of course, the two pieces of paper weren’t torn pages from Collection of Turmoil, but instead the strange melody that Jin GuangYao played, noted down by Lan WangJi back in the Room of Forbidden Books. At the time, Lan WangJi left one copy for Lan XiChen to compare and examine, while Wei WuXian put away the two copies of his and Lan WangJi’s, taking them with him. He happened to have been able to use it to trick Su She so that he grew suspicious and irritated. Along with him purposely mocking Su She beforehand, provoking him again and again, he became impatient as expected. In the end, without Wei WuXian having to say anything, Lan WangJi simply tossed out a surprise attack, and Su She exposed himself.
Everyone darted out of the way. In reality, it wasn’t necessary. When Lan WangJi attacked, it was the same as when Wei WuXian spoke, pressing and unsparing. Su She had to use all his abilities so as to not be defeated. He staggered all the way up to the stairs. Looking down, he happened to see the red array under his feet. Lan WangJi’s brows knit together.
Wei WuXian thought to himself, Oh no, he’s going to destroy the array that was just mended!
As he thought, Su She bit down on his tongue, held blood in his mouth, and spat it toward the ground. The splatter of the blood covered the red, darkening lines. Lan WangJi could no longer care about the fight with him. Slicing his left hand on Bichen’s glare, he tried to repaint the array. Su She used the chance to take out a talisman and throw it onto the ground. Smoke and blue flames arose.
A transportation talisman!
The mist-faced person from the YueyangChang Sect’s cemetery was familiar with the GusuLan Sect’s sword techniques, while Su MinShan was a foreign disciple of the GusuLan Sect’s, in correspondence with this condition. The mist-faced person who had appeared so many times was none else but Su She!
Wei WuXian got down beside Lan WangJi, “How is it?”
Lan WangJi painted on the ground for a while with his bleeding finger, then shook his head. The new blood had already completely covered and ruined the original array. It was impossible to mend. Wei WuXian took his hand and wiped off the dirt and blood on it with his own sleeve, “Stop trying if it’s useless.”
The array was on the verge of being completely destroyed. The disciples from the MolingSu Sect had blank looks on their faces. It seemed that Su She neither told them that he was playing the wrong melodies nor any way to prevent their spiritual powers from being drained. This meant that in the original plan, the MolingSu Sect’s disciples, like the others, were supposed to die. They were scared that other people would want to seek revenge upon them due to the hatred, and huddled into one small group. Yet, everyone was already panicked within the Demon-Slaughtering Cave. Nobody had the spare energy for any revenge.
A few sect leaders clutched onto their sons, cautioning them, “When the corpses rush inside all at once, protect yourself and try to get out. Stay alive no matter what! You understand?!”
As Jin Ling heard this, he felt himself cringe, but somewhere deep down he hoped that his uncle would say something similar as well. He waited for a while, but nothing came from Jiang Cheng, so he couldn’t help but glare at him. He glared for too long, and Jiang Cheng finally turned to him.
He seemed a bit less gloomy, but he frowned, “What’s wrong with your eyes?”
“…” Jin Ling was quite annoyed, “Nothing!”
Wei WuXian tore off a part of his sleeve that was clean and treated the wound on Lan WangJi’s hand. Suddenly, a figure dashed out from behind his back and came at him with his sword. Lan WangJi flicked the fingers of his right hand. With a jarring clash, he somehow managed to flick away the rash blade.
Wei WuXian turned to look, “Why is it you again?”
From the force of the flick, the person staggered a few steps back before he collapsed on the ground. It was Yi WeiChun. He held his sword with blood-red eyes, “Wei WuXian, those things you just said—I don’t believe a single word in them!”
Wei WuXian, “Everything was exposed. Su She had already attacked and ran away. How come you still don’t believe it?”
Yi WeiChun lunged again, “I don’t believe it! I won’t believe a single word you say!”
Hatred could blind a person’s eyes, make him unable to admit anything in favor of his enemy.
At this point, many terrified shouts came from in front of them, “It’s broken!”
“The array has broken!”
“They’re coming in!”
With bare hands, Wen Ning threw a row of tattered corpses flying away. Yet, no matter what, he was only one. Without the barrier formed by the array of blood, the Demon-Slaughtering Cave was finally unable to hold against the crashing waves of the corpses. Rancid roars immediately filled the empty cave!
Jin Ling had never seen so many fierce corpses before, much less at such a close distance. He could feel his scalp tingle, clenching the sword hilt of Suihua. Yet, suddenly, his fist was peeled open, and a cold object was stuffed inside. He looked down in surprise, “Uncle?”
Jiang Cheng propped himself up with Sandu, which had lost its spiritual energy. His figure wavered slightly, “Try losing Zidian and see what happens!”
Lan SiZhui, Lan JingYi, and a few others charged with their swords, “General Ghost! We can come help you!”
Sect Leader OuYang could neither stop his son nor stand up, bellowing, “ZiZhen, come back!”
OuYang ZiZhen brandished his sword fiercely as he turned around, “Don’t worry, Dad! I’ll protect you!”
Yet, just as he turned around, a withered hand stretched toward his throat. Sect Leader OuYang was almost scared to death as he wailed, “ZiZhen!!!”
At that precise moment, a blade severed the hand. Lan QiRen grabbed OuYang ZiZhen and threw him back into the pile of people. He himself, leading a group of sword cultivators from the GusuLan Sect, charged into battle. He’d been resting for quite a while, so his stamina had recovered. Many people were astonished by the force of his sword. Lan SiZhui was wielding his blade swiftly when he heard a loud clang from behind him. Somebody blocked an attack that came for his back.
Lan SiZhui exclaimed, “Young Master Jin, why are you here too?”
When Jin Ling saw that all of the people around his age had rushed over, he couldn’t hold himself back either. When Jiang Cheng was unaware, he stuffed Zidian’s ring back into his hand and sprinted toward the crowd, all the way up to the most dangerous area before the mouth of the cave. Jiang Cheng was about to chase after him when he managed to slice a few corpses, staggering. He felt that Sandu was no lighter than hundreds of pounds. Two female corpses threw themselves at him from both directions.
Jiang Cheng cursed. As he lifted his sword again, another pair of hands tore the two corpses into pieces, “Sect Leader…”
Jiang Cheng lost his temper as soon as he heard the voice. He kicked Wen Ning away and cursed, “Get the fuck away from me!” He immediately roared, “Jin Ling!!!”
Lan JingYi felt chills go down his spine, “I think you should go back! Your uncle is gonna eat someone.”
Jin Ling ignored Jiang Cheng’s roar, scarier than even the corpses before him, “You can go back!”
OuYang ZiZhen disappeared for a while after being caught by his father, but he rushed over nonetheless, “Wow, this is the first time I knew that Mr. Lan QiRen knows the sword and his swordsmanship is so good!”
Lan JingYi’s voice was as loud as always, “Of course, who did you think was HanGuang-Jun and ZeWu-Jun’s teacher of swordsmanship before they reached sixteen?!”
Sect Leader brandished his sword with all the courage he could muster, shouting to the rest of the people in the Cave who were still blank-faced, “What are you waiting for?! It’s death awaiting if you don’t kill them. Even these juniors are fighting—how come you’re still sitting around?”
Under the influence of these boys passionately slashing around, more and more people unsheathed their swords, joining in the fight with their almost nonexistent stamina and spiritual powers.
When Lan WangJi sliced the last corpse, that threw itself over, into two halves, mountains of corpses and rivers of blood had already formed within the Demon-Slaughtering Cave.
Everyone was clad in black, hardened blood, their chests filled with the pungent scent of blood. After the long and hard battle, many people had already collapsed on the ground, unable to get themselves up just like the corpses lying around. Only a few sect leaders and the boys full of stamina were still able to stand, leaning against their swords.
Lan JingYi’s pupils seemed dilated, his complexion pale, “I… I have never killed so many corpses before… I, alone, killed at least thirty, no, forty of them…”
OuYang ZiZhen, “Me… too…”
After this, as if the boys made an agreement beforehand, they fell toward the ground with a plop, never wanting to get up again.
Jiang Cheng forced himself to walk over to Jin Ling, grabbing him at once, “Did you get hurt?!”
Jin Ling’s breaths even smelled like rust, “I didn’t. I…”
Jiang Cheng immediately slapped him onto the ground, scolding, “You didn’t?! Then I’ll make you get hurt and teach you the lesson! You damn brat turning a deaf ear to my words?!”
However, after his slap, he couldn’t stand up any longer either. He sat down, catching his breath as his eyes turned to the two sitting at the side of the Demon-Slaughtering Cave closest to the outside.
Both Wei WuXian and Lan WangJi were a mess. Wei WuXian wore black, so he didn’t look as terrible, but Lan WangJi’s white robes had already been dyed into different shades of black and red, making them almost hideous. On his entire body, only his forehead ribbon could be considered clean, given how meaningful it was. Bichen was gripped in his hand, still steadily maintaining its flow of spiritual energy.
It was the first time that anyone had seen HanGuang-Jun with such an untidy look, but nobody could care less about someone other than themselves. One of the people spoke, “Is it… over…?”
Hearing this voice, the crowd commented in silence. That Nie HuaiSang managed to live through such a battle and speak in such an energetic tone was indeed a mystery. Nobody had the strength to respond to him. Nie HuaiSang seemed so ecstatic that he was about to cry, “Thank Heavens, these corpses are finally all killed! Seems like we managed to escape death this time—our ancestors really are protecting us, aren’t they?”
Influenced by his emotions, a few of the boys cheered as well. One after another, more and more people joined. Among the cheers, someone from the GusuLan Sect’s side exclaimed in a low voice, “Sir!”
Lan QiRen’s voice immediately sounded, “No need to help me.”
Lan WangJi looked over only to see Lan QiRen cough up another few mouthfuls of blood. He waved his hand, crossed his legs, and began to meditate.
Lan WangJi immediately went forth to feel Lan QiRen’s pause. Just as he was about to pass spiritual energy to him, Lan QiRen stopped him, “There is no need! Our spiritual powers have not recovered yet. Doing so is absolutely futile.”
Lan WangJi put his hand back. A few guest cultivators asked out of habit, “HanGuang-Jun, what should we do now?”
They only realized after they asked that the act was somewhat inappropriate. However, Lan QiRen continued to rest, showing no sign that he was going to care. Lan WangJi, “Rest for awhile and examine the casualties. No delay is permitted in assisting the wounded.”
He’d always been quite an impressive figure in the GusuLan Sect. The disciples seemed as if their hearts could finally settle down a bit, answering in unison, “Yes!” Even their tone seemed somewhat steadier.
Yet, before they had the chance to do anything, Wei WuXian interrupted, “Quiet.”
His expression was serious, and everyone was quiet at once. The few who had been cheering simmered down as well, one after another. Everyone stared at him anxiously. Within the entire Demon-Slaughtering Cave, all was silent apart from the people’s faint breaths.
In comparison to the silence, another sound could be heard with more and more clarity.
It was the sound of feet stepping on dry leaves, coming from outside of the Cave. And it wasn’t one person’s feet. Those were dense, endless footsteps.
This time, the people within the Demon-Slaughtering Cave didn’t even dare let out a single breath. Countless petrified eyes looked outside the Cave. They could see that within the dark forests, something was moving and writhing slowly. It was a dark, blurry fog, unable to distinguish, but as the sluggish footsteps became clearer, so did the moving objects, until their ashen cheeks, bony hands, and jagged fangs could be seen in full view.
It was a new wave of corpses.
And it was greater than the previous one!
The people in the Demon-Slaughtering Cave had just seen a ray of hope before the next moment, when a suffocating dread washed over the entire Cave, shadowing everyone. Even Jin Ling, Lan SiZhui, and the other boys felt as though they were drowning in the spine-chilling dread, limbs growing numb. Some of the people seemed as if they couldn’t accept the dread following the hope and passed out directly. Others also broke into tears, whimpering weakly. Nonetheless, not a single person was able to pick up their sword and continue fighting any longer.
Even if Wen Ning, yet again, blocked the mouth of the cave, how long could just one person last?
Suddenly, Wei WuXian spoke up, “HanGuang-Jun!” Lan WangJi turned around to look at him. Wei WuXian took in a breath, “I want to do something.”
The eyes of the others were led over by the conversation as well. Wei WuXian, “Will you do it with me?”
Lan WangJi gazed at him. He answered, firm and articulate, “I will.”
Wei WuXian grinned before he took off his black robe.
Under the black robe was a layer of white, already dyed half red. However, it didn’t stop him from picking up his blood-soaked palm and painting a few lines on it.
As the lines grew clearer and clearer, the disbelief in eyes of the people watching him grew heavier as well, as though they were looking at some sort of monster. Fang MengCheng stood up at once, his face full of shock, “What are you doing?”
Wei WuXian didn’t pay him any attention. He continued to paint.
When he stopped, what he wore was no longer a white robe. It was a flag.
A flag able to attract all dark creatures onto one single person—a spirit-attraction flag!
Wei WuXian stood alongside Lan WangJi as he waved at Lan SiZhui and the others. The juniors all surrounded them. Jin Ling wanted to go too, but was pressed back down by Jiang Cheng.
Wei WuXian, “Later, when the second wave of corpses breaks in, I’m going to lead them towards the blood pool, and HanGuang-Jun will be responsible for killing them. Here,” he patted his chest, “is a target. They won’t pay any attention to you all. Don’t engage in battle, just run outside as fast as you can.”
Lan SiZhui’s voice was loud for once, “How could this be?! You cannot do it!”
Sect Leader OuYang had already given up on stopping his son. OuYang ZiZhen, “Senior Wei, we want to kill corpses too! I can kill a hundred more!”
Lan JingYi even began to take off his own clothes, “I am going to draw a flag on myself too!”
Wei WuXian didn’t know whether to laugh or to frown, hurrying to stop him, “That’s enough, stop messing about. One target is enough. HanGuang-Jun is the only one needed to help me kill the corpses. The others can stop giving me more trouble.”
Inside of the Demon-Slaughtering Cave, nobody knew what to make of the situation at hand.
Nobody was oblivious to what the spirit-attracting flag did. However, even if a single person here right now was willing to use their own corporal body to attract the crowd of corpses almost breaking through the barrier in exchange for everyone else’s safety, it shouldn’t be Wei WuXian!
Lan SiZhui and the others seemed as if they wanted to say something else, but Lan WangJi stopped them, “Listen to him.”
Immediately after, he turned to Lan QiRen and bestowed upon him a heavy salute. Lan QiRen opened his eyes but said nothing.
Lan SiZhui, “Mr. Lan! HanGuang-Jun, he… he…”
Lan QiRen’s voice was calm, “It goes without saying.”
Lan SiZhui wanted to continue, “But…!!”
Wei WuXian ordered, “Wen Ning! Clear the way!”
The black lines along Wen Ning’s neck immediately extended, almost climbing over his cheeks. He stopped holding the corpses back. Letting out a long roar from his throat, he carved out a bloody path among the layers and layers of corpses.
And the second wave of corpses, having lost their obstacle, had finally stepped into the Demon-Slaughtering Cave as well.
Wei WuXian shoved Lan SiZhui hard, “Go!”
(As a special bonus from Rara, a quick fan art of Jiang Cheng she did a few weeks ago.)
Previous ArticleLMW Chapter 622
Sugafree_augustd
This is so unbelievably funny…i am wheezing please
Dense Xian's Emperor's Smile
It really became a Demon-Slaughtering Cave.
Vote Up720Vote Down Reply
Momtoapollo
Oh, that profile name… too good😂
Elfkhera
Jin Ling being the ice breaker!!! He is so fun to be with😅
I hope Jiang Cheng becomes able to show his love more and that Wei Wuxian would be freed from all this trouble caused by stupid people. Jiang Cheng has a bad attitude, I want him to be a bit better because after all he is a good person.
YenGirl MY
*all teary eyed and sniffling* What a lovely chapter, so full of bits to coo at and squeal over!! But first, let me get the nasty bit out of the way – Su She needs to die! No wonder the mist faced man was so familiar with the Gusu Lan Sect’s techniques! Escaping after being exposed is one thing, but leaving his own disciples helpless to die?! OMG. Die already!! OK, back to the good stuff *grins* Again, I adore WangJi. He doesn’t whine or protest, he just goes right ahead and does what needs to be done. Whatta man!!… Read more »
I am so proud od Lan Wangji, who stood beside his husband in both of his lives. How WWX was so blind?
Bro… what if wwx is finally forgiven after saving everyone and gives up the dark path to retire and raise a child with lwj… im gonna cry just wondering about it 😭😭
WY : will you do it with me?
LZ : i will….
*My perverted mind* HAHAH 😂
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405993
|
__label__wiki
| 0.581537
| 0.581537
|
CHINA 156: Sino-Korean Relations, Past and Present (CHINA 256, HISTORY 292J, KOREA 156, KOREA 256)
Korea and China have long been intertwined in their political, economic, and cultural histories. The depth of this historical relationship has enormous ramifications for East Asia today. This course will investigate the history of Korea-China relations from its deep roots in the ancient past, through its formative periods in the early modern period and the age of imperialism, to the contemporary era. Topics to be covered include formation of Chinese and Korean national identity, Sino-Korean cultural exchange, premodern Chinese empire in East Asia, China and Korea in the wake of Western and Japanese imperialism, communist revolutions in East Asia, the Korean War, and China's relations with a divided Korea in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Particular attention will be paid to how the modern and contemporary ramifications of past historical relations and how contemporary Chinese and Koreans interpret their own and each others' pasts.nThis course will ask students to engage with diverse interpretations of the past and to consider how a common history is interpreted by different audiences and for different purposes. What are the implications of divergent memories of a single historical event for Chinese and Korean political, cultural, and ethnic identities? How are political, cultural, and ethnic identities constructed through engagement with difference? And what is at stake in different constructions of identity?In addressing these issues, students will also engage in social inquiry. They will be asked to understand how political ideology, economic organization, and social forces have shaped the character of Sino-Korean relations. What are the economic and political institutions that influence these relations in each time period? How do ideologies like Confucianism, Communism, or free-market liberalism interface with Chinese and Korean societies and impact their relations?
Terms: Win | Units: 3-5 | UG Reqs: WAY-ED, WAY-SI
Instructors: Wang, S. (PI)
CHINA 156 | 3-5 units | UG Reqs: WAY-ED, WAY-SI | Class # 31826 | Section 01 | Grading: Letter (ABCD/NP) | SEM | Students enrolled: 3
01/07/2019 - 03/15/2019 Mon, Wed 1:30 PM - 2:50 PM at Lathrop 290 with Wang, S. (PI)
CHINA 164: Classical Chinese Rituals (CHINA 264)
Meanings of rituals regarding death, wedding, war, and other activities; historical transformations of classical rituals throughout the premodern period; legacy of the Chinese ritual tradition. Sources include canonical texts.
CHINA 168: The Chinese Family (CHINA 268)
History and literature. Institutional, ritual, affective, and symbolic aspects. Perspectives of gender, class, and social change.
Last offered: Winter 2018 | UG Reqs: GER:EC-GlobalCom, WAY-SI
CHINA 170: Chinese Language, Culture, and Society
Functions of languages in Chinese culture and society, origin of the Chinese language, genetic relations with neighboring languages, development of dialects, language contacts, evolution of Chinese writing, language policies in Greater China. Prerequisite: one quarter of Chinese 1 or 1B or equivalent recommended.
CHINA 175: Constructing National History in East Asian Archaeology (ARCHLGY 135, ARCHLGY 235, CHINA 275)
Archaeological studies in contemporary East Asia share a common concern, to contribute to building a national narrative and cultural identity. This course focuses on case studies from China, Korea, and Japan, examining the influence of particular social-political contexts, such as nationalism, on the practice of archaeology in modern times.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3-5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-SocSci, WAY-ED, WAY-SI
Instructors: Liu, L. (PI)
CHINA 175 | 3-5 units | UG Reqs: GER:DB-SocSci, WAY-ED, WAY-SI | Class # 30316 | Section 01 | Grading: Letter or Credit/No Credit | SEM | Students enrolled: 1
09/24/2018 - 12/07/2018 Tue 9:00 AM - 11:50 AM at 500-106 with Liu, L. (PI)
Notes: Class meets in Archaeology Center seminar room.
CHINA 176: Emergence of Chinese Civilization from Caves to Palaces (ARCHLGY 111, CHINA 276)
Introduces processes of cultural evolution from the Paleolithic to the Three Dynasties in China. By examining archaeological remains, ancient inscriptions, and traditional texts, four major topics will be discussed: origins of modern humans, beginnings of agriculture, development of social stratification, and emergence of states and urbanism.
Terms: Win | Units: 3-4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-SI
Instructors: Liu, L. (PI) ; He, Y. (TA)
CHINA 176 | 3-4 units | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-SI | Class # 31649 | Section 01 | Grading: Letter or Credit/No Credit | LEC | Students enrolled: 3
01/07/2019 - 03/15/2019 Fri 1:30 PM - 4:20 PM with Liu, L. (PI); He, Y. (TA)
Instructors: Liu, L. (PI); He, Y. (TA)
Notes: Class meets in Arch Center seminar room.
CHINA 178: Lives of Confucius (CHINA 278)
This course examines the transformation of the images of Confucius (551-479 BCE) from his own time to the present day. Major topics include: Confucius and his rivals / critics, the making of Confucius the "Uncrowned King," his apotheosis as China's cultural symbol and civilization's greatest sage, and twists and turns in his modern fate. Comparisons will be made with the development of images of Socrates, Jesus, and other important cultural figures. NOTE: In order for course to count towards major or minor, undergrads must enroll in a minimum of 3 units or higher.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3-5 | UG Reqs: WAY-SI
Instructors: Zhou, Y. (PI)
CHINA 178 | 3-5 units | UG Reqs: WAY-SI | Class # 29689 | Section 01 | Grading: Letter or Credit/No Credit | SEM | Students enrolled: 2
04/01/2019 - 06/05/2019 Mon, Wed 1:30 PM - 2:50 PM at 200-303 with Zhou, Y. (PI)
Notes: Class meets in Knight Bldg, Rm 201.
CLASSICS 9N: What Didn't Make it into the Bible (JEWISHST 9N, RELIGST 9N)
Over two billion people alive today consider the Bible to be sacred scripture. But how did the books that made it into the bible get there in the first place? Who decided what was to be part of the bible and what wasn't? How would history look differently if a given book didn't make the final cut and another one did? Hundreds of ancient Jewish and Christian texts are not included in the Bible. ¿What Didn't Make It in the Bible¿ focuses on these excluded writings. We will explore the Dead Sea Scrolls, Gnostic gospels, hear of a five-year-old Jesus throwing temper tantrums while killing (and later resurrecting) his classmates, peruse ancient romance novels, explore the adventures of fallen angels who sired giants (and taught humans about cosmetics), tour heaven and hell, encounter the garden of Eden story told from the perspective of the snake, and learn how the world will end. The seminar assumes no prior knowledge of Judaism, Christianity, the bible, or ancient history. It is designed for students who are part of faith traditions that consider the bible to be sacred, as well as those who are not. The only prerequisite is an interest in exploring books, groups, and ideas that eventually lost the battles of history and to keep asking the question "why." In critically examining these ancient narratives and the communities that wrote them, you will learn about the content and history of the Bible, better appreciate the diversity of early Judaism and Christianity, understand the historical context of these religions, and explore the politics behind what did and did not make it into the bible.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-A-II, WAY-SI
Instructors: Penn, M. (PI)
CLASSICS 9N | 3 units | UG Reqs: WAY-A-II, WAY-SI | Class # 30468 | Section 01 | Grading: Letter (ABCD/NP) | ISF
09/24/2018 - 12/07/2018 Tue, Thu 10:30 AM - 11:50 AM at 460-334 with Penn, M. (PI)
CLASSICS 12N: Income and wealth inequality from the Stone Age to the present (HISTORY 12N)
Rising inequality is a defining feature of our time. How long has economic inequality existed, and when, how and why has the gap between haves and have-nots widened or narrowed over the course of history? This seminar takes a very long-term view of these questions. It is designed to help you appreciate dynamics and complexities that are often obscured by partisan controversies and short-term perspectives, and to provide solid historical background for a better understanding of a growing societal concern.
Instructors: Scheidel, W. (PI)
CLASSICS 12N | 4 units | UG Reqs: WAY-SI | Class # 30539 | Section 01 | Grading: Letter (ABCD/NP) | ISF | Students enrolled: 1 / 1
09/24/2018 - 12/07/2018 Tue, Thu 1:30 PM - 2:50 PM at 90-92Q with Scheidel, W. (PI)
CLASSICS 26N: The Roman Empire: Its Grandeur and Fall (HISTORY 11N)
Preference to freshmen. Explore themes on the Roman Empire and its decline from the 1st through the 5th centuries C.E.. What was the political and military glue that held this diverse, multi-ethnic empire together? What were the bases of wealth and how was it distributed? What were the possibilities and limits of economic growth? How integrated was it in culture and religion? What were the causes and consequences of the conversion to Christianity? Why did the Empire fall in the West? How suitable is the analogy of the U.S. in the 21st century?
Terms: Aut | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:IHUM-3, WAY-SI
Instructors: Saller, R. (PI)
CLASSICS 26N | 4 units | UG Reqs: GER:IHUM-3, WAY-SI | Class # 29433 | Section 01 | Grading: Letter (ABCD/NP) | ISF | Students enrolled: 9 / 16
09/24/2018 - 12/07/2018 Tue, Thu 1:30 PM - 2:50 PM at 160-322 with Saller, R. (PI)
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405995
|
__label__wiki
| 0.563402
| 0.563402
|
Investigating the physiological roles of low-efficiency D-mannonate and D-gluconate dehydratases in the enolase superfamily: Pathways for the catabolism of L-gulonate and L-idonate
Daniel J. Wichelecki, Jean Alyxa Ferolin Vendiola, Amy M. Jones, Nawar Al-Obaidi, Steven C. Almo, John A. Gerlt
The sequence/function space in the d-mannonate dehydratase subgroup (ManD) of the enolase superfamily was investigated to determine how enzymatic function diverges as sequence identity decreases [Wichelecki, D. J., et al. (2014) Biochemistry 53, 2722-2731]. That study revealed that members of the ManD subgroup vary in substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency: high-efficiency (kcat/KM = 103-104 M-1 s-1) for dehydration of d-mannonate, low-efficiency (kcat/KM = 10-102 M-1 s-1) for dehydration of d-mannonate and/or d-gluconate, and no activity. Characterization of high-efficiency members revealed that these are ManDs in the d-glucuronate catabolic pathway {analogues of UxuA [Wichelecki, D. J., et al. (2014) Biochemistry 53, 4087-4089]}. However, the genomes of organisms that encode low-efficiency members of the ManDs subgroup encode UxuAs; therefore, these must have divergent physiological functions. In this study, we investigated the physiological functions of three low-efficiency members of the ManD subgroup and identified a novel physiologically relevant pathway for l-gulonate catabolism in Chromohalobacter salexigens DSM3043 as well as cryptic pathways for l-gulonate catabolism in Escherichia coli CFT073 and l-idonate catabolism in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis str. P125109. However, we could not identify physiological roles for the low-efficiency members of the ManD subgroup, allowing the suggestion that these pathways may be either evolutionary relics or the starting points for new metabolic potential.
https://doi.org/10.1021/bi500837w
gluconate dehydratase
Phosphopyruvate Hydratase
Chromohalobacter
Glucuronic Acid
Salmonella enterica
mannonate dehydratase
mannonate
gulonic acid
gluconic acid
idonic acid
Wichelecki, D. J., Vendiola, J. A. F., Jones, A. M., Al-Obaidi, N., Almo, S. C., & Gerlt, J. A. (2014). Investigating the physiological roles of low-efficiency D-mannonate and D-gluconate dehydratases in the enolase superfamily: Pathways for the catabolism of L-gulonate and L-idonate. Biochemistry, 53(35), 5692-5699. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi500837w
Investigating the physiological roles of low-efficiency D-mannonate and D-gluconate dehydratases in the enolase superfamily : Pathways for the catabolism of L-gulonate and L-idonate. / Wichelecki, Daniel J.; Vendiola, Jean Alyxa Ferolin; Jones, Amy M.; Al-Obaidi, Nawar; Almo, Steven C.; Gerlt, John A.
In: Biochemistry, Vol. 53, No. 35, 09.09.2014, p. 5692-5699.
Wichelecki, DJ, Vendiola, JAF, Jones, AM, Al-Obaidi, N, Almo, SC & Gerlt, JA 2014, 'Investigating the physiological roles of low-efficiency D-mannonate and D-gluconate dehydratases in the enolase superfamily: Pathways for the catabolism of L-gulonate and L-idonate', Biochemistry, vol. 53, no. 35, pp. 5692-5699. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi500837w
Wichelecki DJ, Vendiola JAF, Jones AM, Al-Obaidi N, Almo SC, Gerlt JA. Investigating the physiological roles of low-efficiency D-mannonate and D-gluconate dehydratases in the enolase superfamily: Pathways for the catabolism of L-gulonate and L-idonate. Biochemistry. 2014 Sep 9;53(35):5692-5699. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi500837w
Wichelecki, Daniel J. ; Vendiola, Jean Alyxa Ferolin ; Jones, Amy M. ; Al-Obaidi, Nawar ; Almo, Steven C. ; Gerlt, John A. / Investigating the physiological roles of low-efficiency D-mannonate and D-gluconate dehydratases in the enolase superfamily : Pathways for the catabolism of L-gulonate and L-idonate. In: Biochemistry. 2014 ; Vol. 53, No. 35. pp. 5692-5699.
@article{29ed704bb7f24a54bd272919dde4d84b,
title = "Investigating the physiological roles of low-efficiency D-mannonate and D-gluconate dehydratases in the enolase superfamily: Pathways for the catabolism of L-gulonate and L-idonate",
abstract = "The sequence/function space in the d-mannonate dehydratase subgroup (ManD) of the enolase superfamily was investigated to determine how enzymatic function diverges as sequence identity decreases [Wichelecki, D. J., et al. (2014) Biochemistry 53, 2722-2731]. That study revealed that members of the ManD subgroup vary in substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency: high-efficiency (kcat/KM = 103-104 M-1 s-1) for dehydration of d-mannonate, low-efficiency (kcat/KM = 10-102 M-1 s-1) for dehydration of d-mannonate and/or d-gluconate, and no activity. Characterization of high-efficiency members revealed that these are ManDs in the d-glucuronate catabolic pathway {analogues of UxuA [Wichelecki, D. J., et al. (2014) Biochemistry 53, 4087-4089]}. However, the genomes of organisms that encode low-efficiency members of the ManDs subgroup encode UxuAs; therefore, these must have divergent physiological functions. In this study, we investigated the physiological functions of three low-efficiency members of the ManD subgroup and identified a novel physiologically relevant pathway for l-gulonate catabolism in Chromohalobacter salexigens DSM3043 as well as cryptic pathways for l-gulonate catabolism in Escherichia coli CFT073 and l-idonate catabolism in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis str. P125109. However, we could not identify physiological roles for the low-efficiency members of the ManD subgroup, allowing the suggestion that these pathways may be either evolutionary relics or the starting points for new metabolic potential.",
author = "Wichelecki, {Daniel J.} and Vendiola, {Jean Alyxa Ferolin} and Jones, {Amy M.} and Nawar Al-Obaidi and Almo, {Steven C.} and Gerlt, {John A.}",
doi = "10.1021/bi500837w",
T1 - Investigating the physiological roles of low-efficiency D-mannonate and D-gluconate dehydratases in the enolase superfamily
T2 - Pathways for the catabolism of L-gulonate and L-idonate
AU - Wichelecki, Daniel J.
AU - Vendiola, Jean Alyxa Ferolin
AU - Jones, Amy M.
AU - Al-Obaidi, Nawar
AU - Almo, Steven C.
AU - Gerlt, John A.
N2 - The sequence/function space in the d-mannonate dehydratase subgroup (ManD) of the enolase superfamily was investigated to determine how enzymatic function diverges as sequence identity decreases [Wichelecki, D. J., et al. (2014) Biochemistry 53, 2722-2731]. That study revealed that members of the ManD subgroup vary in substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency: high-efficiency (kcat/KM = 103-104 M-1 s-1) for dehydration of d-mannonate, low-efficiency (kcat/KM = 10-102 M-1 s-1) for dehydration of d-mannonate and/or d-gluconate, and no activity. Characterization of high-efficiency members revealed that these are ManDs in the d-glucuronate catabolic pathway {analogues of UxuA [Wichelecki, D. J., et al. (2014) Biochemistry 53, 4087-4089]}. However, the genomes of organisms that encode low-efficiency members of the ManDs subgroup encode UxuAs; therefore, these must have divergent physiological functions. In this study, we investigated the physiological functions of three low-efficiency members of the ManD subgroup and identified a novel physiologically relevant pathway for l-gulonate catabolism in Chromohalobacter salexigens DSM3043 as well as cryptic pathways for l-gulonate catabolism in Escherichia coli CFT073 and l-idonate catabolism in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis str. P125109. However, we could not identify physiological roles for the low-efficiency members of the ManD subgroup, allowing the suggestion that these pathways may be either evolutionary relics or the starting points for new metabolic potential.
AB - The sequence/function space in the d-mannonate dehydratase subgroup (ManD) of the enolase superfamily was investigated to determine how enzymatic function diverges as sequence identity decreases [Wichelecki, D. J., et al. (2014) Biochemistry 53, 2722-2731]. That study revealed that members of the ManD subgroup vary in substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency: high-efficiency (kcat/KM = 103-104 M-1 s-1) for dehydration of d-mannonate, low-efficiency (kcat/KM = 10-102 M-1 s-1) for dehydration of d-mannonate and/or d-gluconate, and no activity. Characterization of high-efficiency members revealed that these are ManDs in the d-glucuronate catabolic pathway {analogues of UxuA [Wichelecki, D. J., et al. (2014) Biochemistry 53, 4087-4089]}. However, the genomes of organisms that encode low-efficiency members of the ManDs subgroup encode UxuAs; therefore, these must have divergent physiological functions. In this study, we investigated the physiological functions of three low-efficiency members of the ManD subgroup and identified a novel physiologically relevant pathway for l-gulonate catabolism in Chromohalobacter salexigens DSM3043 as well as cryptic pathways for l-gulonate catabolism in Escherichia coli CFT073 and l-idonate catabolism in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis str. P125109. However, we could not identify physiological roles for the low-efficiency members of the ManD subgroup, allowing the suggestion that these pathways may be either evolutionary relics or the starting points for new metabolic potential.
U2 - 10.1021/bi500837w
DO - 10.1021/bi500837w
10.1021/bi500837w
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405998
|
__label__cc
| 0.521068
| 0.478932
|
Predictors of global cognitive impairment 1 year after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Mellanie V. Springer, J. Michael Schmidt, Katja E. Wartenberg, Jennifer A. Frontera, Neeraj Badjatia, Stephan A. Mayer
OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the frequency, risk factors, and impact on functional outcome and quality of life (QOL) of global cognitive impairment 1 year after subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated global cognitive status 3 and 12 months after hospitalization with the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status in 232 subarachnoid hemorrhage survivors. Cognitive impairment was defined as a score of 30 or less (scaled 0 = worst, 51 = best). Logistic regression was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for impairment at 1 year. Basic activities of daily living were evaluated with the Barthel Index, instrumental activities of daily living were assessed with the Lawton scale, and QOL was evaluated with the Sickness Impact Profile. RESULTS: The frequency of cognitive impairment was 27% at 3 months and 21% at 12 months. After the effects of age, education, and race/ethnicity were controlled for, risk factors for cognitive impairment at 12 months included anemia treated with transfusion (AOR, 3.4; P = 0.006), any temperature level higher than 38.6°C (AOR, 2.7; P = 0.016), and delayed cerebral ischemia (AOR, 3.6; P = 0.01). Among cognitively impaired patients at 3 months, improvement at 1 year occurred in 34% and was associated with more than 12 years of education and the absence of fever higher than 38.6°C during hospitalization (P = 0.015). Patients with cognitive impairment at 1 year had worse concurrent QOL and less ability to perform instrumental and basic activities of daily living (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Global cognitive impairment affects more than 20% of subarachnoid hemorrhage survivors at 1 year, is predicted by fever, anemia treated with transfusion, and delayed cerebral ischemia, and adversely affects functional recovery and QOL.
https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000359317.15269.20
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Brain Ischemia
Sickness Impact Profile
Cognitive Dysfunction
Delayed cerebral ischemia
Springer, M. V., Schmidt, J. M., Wartenberg, K. E., Frontera, J. A., Badjatia, N., & Mayer, S. A. (2009). Predictors of global cognitive impairment 1 year after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery, 65(6), 1043-1050. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000359317.15269.20
Predictors of global cognitive impairment 1 year after subarachnoid hemorrhage. / Springer, Mellanie V.; Schmidt, J. Michael; Wartenberg, Katja E.; Frontera, Jennifer A.; Badjatia, Neeraj; Mayer, Stephan A.
In: Neurosurgery, Vol. 65, No. 6, 12.2009, p. 1043-1050.
Springer, MV, Schmidt, JM, Wartenberg, KE, Frontera, JA, Badjatia, N & Mayer, SA 2009, 'Predictors of global cognitive impairment 1 year after subarachnoid hemorrhage', Neurosurgery, vol. 65, no. 6, pp. 1043-1050. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000359317.15269.20
Springer MV, Schmidt JM, Wartenberg KE, Frontera JA, Badjatia N, Mayer SA. Predictors of global cognitive impairment 1 year after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery. 2009 Dec;65(6):1043-1050. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000359317.15269.20
Springer, Mellanie V. ; Schmidt, J. Michael ; Wartenberg, Katja E. ; Frontera, Jennifer A. ; Badjatia, Neeraj ; Mayer, Stephan A. / Predictors of global cognitive impairment 1 year after subarachnoid hemorrhage. In: Neurosurgery. 2009 ; Vol. 65, No. 6. pp. 1043-1050.
@article{5e98c4fab8a441128c9e53293baf344d,
title = "Predictors of global cognitive impairment 1 year after subarachnoid hemorrhage",
abstract = "OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the frequency, risk factors, and impact on functional outcome and quality of life (QOL) of global cognitive impairment 1 year after subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated global cognitive status 3 and 12 months after hospitalization with the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status in 232 subarachnoid hemorrhage survivors. Cognitive impairment was defined as a score of 30 or less (scaled 0 = worst, 51 = best). Logistic regression was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for impairment at 1 year. Basic activities of daily living were evaluated with the Barthel Index, instrumental activities of daily living were assessed with the Lawton scale, and QOL was evaluated with the Sickness Impact Profile. RESULTS: The frequency of cognitive impairment was 27{\%} at 3 months and 21{\%} at 12 months. After the effects of age, education, and race/ethnicity were controlled for, risk factors for cognitive impairment at 12 months included anemia treated with transfusion (AOR, 3.4; P = 0.006), any temperature level higher than 38.6°C (AOR, 2.7; P = 0.016), and delayed cerebral ischemia (AOR, 3.6; P = 0.01). Among cognitively impaired patients at 3 months, improvement at 1 year occurred in 34{\%} and was associated with more than 12 years of education and the absence of fever higher than 38.6°C during hospitalization (P = 0.015). Patients with cognitive impairment at 1 year had worse concurrent QOL and less ability to perform instrumental and basic activities of daily living (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Global cognitive impairment affects more than 20{\%} of subarachnoid hemorrhage survivors at 1 year, is predicted by fever, anemia treated with transfusion, and delayed cerebral ischemia, and adversely affects functional recovery and QOL.",
keywords = "Anemia, Cerebral aneurysm, Cognitive impairment, Delayed cerebral ischemia, Fever, Subarachnoid hemorrhage",
author = "Springer, {Mellanie V.} and Schmidt, {J. Michael} and Wartenberg, {Katja E.} and Frontera, {Jennifer A.} and Neeraj Badjatia and Mayer, {Stephan A.}",
doi = "10.1227/01.NEU.0000359317.15269.20",
journal = "Neurosurgery",
T1 - Predictors of global cognitive impairment 1 year after subarachnoid hemorrhage
AU - Springer, Mellanie V.
AU - Schmidt, J. Michael
AU - Wartenberg, Katja E.
AU - Frontera, Jennifer A.
AU - Badjatia, Neeraj
AU - Mayer, Stephan A.
N2 - OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the frequency, risk factors, and impact on functional outcome and quality of life (QOL) of global cognitive impairment 1 year after subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated global cognitive status 3 and 12 months after hospitalization with the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status in 232 subarachnoid hemorrhage survivors. Cognitive impairment was defined as a score of 30 or less (scaled 0 = worst, 51 = best). Logistic regression was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for impairment at 1 year. Basic activities of daily living were evaluated with the Barthel Index, instrumental activities of daily living were assessed with the Lawton scale, and QOL was evaluated with the Sickness Impact Profile. RESULTS: The frequency of cognitive impairment was 27% at 3 months and 21% at 12 months. After the effects of age, education, and race/ethnicity were controlled for, risk factors for cognitive impairment at 12 months included anemia treated with transfusion (AOR, 3.4; P = 0.006), any temperature level higher than 38.6°C (AOR, 2.7; P = 0.016), and delayed cerebral ischemia (AOR, 3.6; P = 0.01). Among cognitively impaired patients at 3 months, improvement at 1 year occurred in 34% and was associated with more than 12 years of education and the absence of fever higher than 38.6°C during hospitalization (P = 0.015). Patients with cognitive impairment at 1 year had worse concurrent QOL and less ability to perform instrumental and basic activities of daily living (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Global cognitive impairment affects more than 20% of subarachnoid hemorrhage survivors at 1 year, is predicted by fever, anemia treated with transfusion, and delayed cerebral ischemia, and adversely affects functional recovery and QOL.
AB - OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the frequency, risk factors, and impact on functional outcome and quality of life (QOL) of global cognitive impairment 1 year after subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated global cognitive status 3 and 12 months after hospitalization with the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status in 232 subarachnoid hemorrhage survivors. Cognitive impairment was defined as a score of 30 or less (scaled 0 = worst, 51 = best). Logistic regression was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for impairment at 1 year. Basic activities of daily living were evaluated with the Barthel Index, instrumental activities of daily living were assessed with the Lawton scale, and QOL was evaluated with the Sickness Impact Profile. RESULTS: The frequency of cognitive impairment was 27% at 3 months and 21% at 12 months. After the effects of age, education, and race/ethnicity were controlled for, risk factors for cognitive impairment at 12 months included anemia treated with transfusion (AOR, 3.4; P = 0.006), any temperature level higher than 38.6°C (AOR, 2.7; P = 0.016), and delayed cerebral ischemia (AOR, 3.6; P = 0.01). Among cognitively impaired patients at 3 months, improvement at 1 year occurred in 34% and was associated with more than 12 years of education and the absence of fever higher than 38.6°C during hospitalization (P = 0.015). Patients with cognitive impairment at 1 year had worse concurrent QOL and less ability to perform instrumental and basic activities of daily living (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Global cognitive impairment affects more than 20% of subarachnoid hemorrhage survivors at 1 year, is predicted by fever, anemia treated with transfusion, and delayed cerebral ischemia, and adversely affects functional recovery and QOL.
KW - Anemia
KW - Cerebral aneurysm
KW - Cognitive impairment
KW - Delayed cerebral ischemia
KW - Fever
KW - Subarachnoid hemorrhage
U2 - 10.1227/01.NEU.0000359317.15269.20
DO - 10.1227/01.NEU.0000359317.15269.20
JO - Neurosurgery
JF - Neurosurgery
10.1227/01.NEU.0000359317.15269.20
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1405999
|
__label__cc
| 0.613523
| 0.386477
|
Altria Group, Inc. in Richmond, Virginia
Companies with 'A'
Altria Group, Inc.
Altria Group, Inc. is a corporation in Richmond, Virginia. The employer identification number (EIN) for Altria Group, Inc. is 133260245. EIN for organizations is sometimes also referred to as taxpayer identification number or TIN or simply IRS Number.
It is one of the corporates which submit 10-K filings with the SEC. Altria Group, Inc. 10-K filing includes an Exhibit 21 subsidiary information. Altria Group, Inc. is incorporated in Virginia and the fiscal year end is in 31 December. The Central Index Key (CIK) for Altria Group, Inc. is 764180.
Altria Group Inc
The CIK for Altria Group, Inc. is 764180. Central Index Key (CIK) is used to identify corporations who have filed disclosures and other filings with the SEC.
Firstmark Corp /me/
Address: 1801 Libbie Ave, Suite 201, Richmond, Virginia, 23226
Doing Business As: Firstmark Corp
Carmax Auto Funding Llc
Address: 12800 Tuckahoe Creek Parkway, Suite 400, Richmond, Virginia, 23238
Doing Business As: Carmax Auto Funding Llc
Richmond West End Diagnostic Imaging Llc
Address: 7110 Forest Avenue, Suite 100, Richmond, Virginia, 23226
Doing Business As: Richmond West End Diagnostic Imaging Llc
Kxtx Holdings Llc
Address: 333 E. Franklin Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23219
Doing Business As: Kxtx Holdings Llc
Wtnh Broadcasting Llc
Address: 333 E Franklin Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23219
Doing Business As: Wtnh Broadcasting Llc
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406000
|
__label__cc
| 0.506245
| 0.493755
|
Second Manifesto
Louis-Joseph Papineau
Translated by Mathieu Gauthier-Pilote from:
Deuxième manifeste
The Quebec Mercury, first issue of the Tory newspaper, January 5, 1805
Nothing would be more compromising for an honest man than to be praised, often and highly, by rascals. Nothing would tend to ruin more quickly a reputation of political integrity, of devotion to the cause of justice, freedom and the rights of the people, than to deserve a word of praise, to get a second compliment from The Transcript, or any other section of the Tory press of Lower Canada, such as it has been on the whole, since the first page of The Mercury to the last lucubration of The Courier. It is to thwart such a perfidious tactic, it is to push back such an offencive praise, as the one which the slanderous sheet, The Transcript, gives me by publishing that I said to a delegation of Irish fellow-citizens, that understood that the object of their meeting was concerned with foreign countries alone, and not Canada, I did not want to take any part in it, that I decided to give an account of the interview which I had with them.
Building hosting the Irish Parliament abolished by the 1800 Act of Union
I was being invited to become the chairman of a public meeting to demand the repeal of the oppressive Act of Union of Ireland, and to express our strong sympathies, for the heroism with which the French people destroyed a corrupting monarchy, made a bonfire out of a throne whose ashes, blown over the world by a favourable breeze, with the Westward wind of America, with the wind of freedom, started the burning of so many other thrones; and for the sublime moderation with which this people forgives the vanquished tyrants. These truths, I had called them holy. I had made myself their apostle; I had preached them. I was bound by the public, as by my conscience to make constant efforts to have them prevail, and I could have given an answer as wretched as the one which the Transcript charges on me! It is for that that I am praised! astute praise; atrocious lie, which proves the imbecility of the one who believed such news, or the corruption of the heart, the perfidy and spirit of intrigue of the one or the ones who invented and accredited it.
If I were capable of such a contemptible selfishness, of such a disgusting servilism, I would be worthy of falling to what I consider the lowest degree of the social scale: worthy to become, not by need or to win my bread, something to which an honest but unfortunate man could be reduced, to become, says I, a garçon-typographe-volontaire (what the courtesy of the English language would call a "volunteer devil") in the printing works of The Transcript.
The paper's tale is of infernal origin, since The Transcript ensures the readers that Beelzebub alone knows where the delegation came from. It is the editor's devotion to such a boss who undoubtedly hired him to become his servant and his echo, since he publishes, as truth, the lie to which he attributes such an origin. He believes it true because it comes from from where the majority of his inspirations and inventions come from, his discoveries and his denunciations in nocturnal assemblies, as real and criminal as were those of the sorcerers' Sabbath. The last ones who were judicially burned in Europe were so in England!
The veracious version of what this delegation was, and what it wished for, is that it was animated by feelings too human and too generous to be suspected of coming on behalf of Downing Street. Thus it did not come from Beelzebub. Well convinced of that, I felt my conscience safe to ear what it had to say. The delegation's feelings of hatred against all aristocratic tyranny, and of love for all popular freedoms, established from the start rapports of sympathy between its members and me. The conversation was thus frank and free, such as it would be between associates of Conciliation Hall.
When nearly two centuries before the birth of Christianity, on the theatre of pagan Rome, one of most elegant of her poets exhaled this suave sentence: "I am human, nothing that is human is alien to me", the unanimous applause of one hundred thousand spectators welcomed this evangelic revelation. There was not a single man in such a numerous assembly, to which assisted envoys of all the Roman colonies, ambassadors of all the parts of the globe where the Greek and Latin civilization, or even ours, had penetrated, who was not sensitive to this sentiment of the heart, to this cry of nature. How is it then that the whole of the Canadian Tory press believes that the duty and honesty of the British government require that it only expresses contempt and animosity for this Ireland, whose oppression produced a Golgotha too narrow to hide in its entrails the corpses that famine feeds it; the result being that they remain exposed on its surface, and find their burial in the entrails of dogs and birds of prey! Pity for Ireland! It would be an insult to the British government, so vigilant to punish those who would be hard and cruel for the Irish, object of predilection of the Lords Russell and Brougham, Palmerston and Stanley and hoc omne genus; a proof of it is the rigour of the punishment which they have just inflicted to Blake. In the night of last December 31, this mauvais riche, this great landowner, sent men to destroy the poor houses of a great number of Irish families and made them perish by the rigour of the cold. One then asked to the worthier of the viceroys which this valley of tears and tortures ever had if it were possible to have the infamous murderer punished. The viceroy answered no, that Mr. Blake was the Master of these houses and that he could do what he wanted with them; but that, wishing to punish, as much as the English legislation and sensitivity can allow, this outrage against humanity of the highest degree, he would strike out of the list of the Justices of the Peace this monster with a man's face, a tiger's heart, the hyena's instincts, enjoying the smell of corpses in a state of decomposition around his den!
Terence, Carthage slave who became a Roman playwright
How to explain the savage cry of hatred against men oppressed to this degree; how not to share the natural feeling of all of Rome, electrified by the hollow voice of Terence? It is because at that time the Roman government was a civilizing conqueror, whereas the English government was for Ireland, for India, for New France, an exterminating conqueror. Pagan Rome had agreed to give peace to Carthage only at the condition that she soften her sanguinary cult and abolish human sacrifices. The mercantile government of the Indies had its Christian dignitaries assist the holocausts of the widows, burned alive with the corpses of their husbands; same for the processions of Juggernaut where, by the hundreds, fanatics are each year crushed under the wheels of the cart carrying an idol much more avid of human blood than ever was that which is honoured by the African ferocity.
There can be no sympathy expressed in the Tory press for the anguish of Ireland. Its Masters do not give gold for such paragraphs. They give advertisements, gold, places and honours to those who desert and curse Ireland and Canada.
Damned be Ireland and Canada; blessed be the acts of Union of Ireland and of Canada, say the men and the newspapers devoured by hunger and thirst for advertising, gold, places and what they call honours.
Delegation: Dear Sir, there was in Quebec City a nice public meeting, in which people denounced the tyranny of England, poured tears for the sufferings of Ireland, and expressed their aspirations for her relief; and a cry of joy for the pure and unstained glory of republican France. Here where we are twice as numerous as our compatriots of Quebec City; here, in the capital of two big provinces, shouldn't we hold a similar one? We want to have it and we pray you to chair it.
Le Fantasque, first issue, August 1837
Mr. Papineau: You are right, my friends, to want to organize a meeting similar to that of Quebec City. To this end, my voice and my heart are all yours. But you are not right to want me to chair it. There are life and honour in Quebec City. There was some when, under the reign of terror and under the inspiration of freedom, in the presence of Lord Durham, people faded the tyranny he exerted against the exiled of the Bermudas; withered the exuberance of his insanity when he published that by returning to the country the absent defendants would commit high treason, for which they would suffer death, without any trial; when Le Fantasque edified its readers, on the daily follies of the dictatorship's actions of the time (the current one could very well resuscitate it in all its liveliness); when people protested and petitioned against the Act of Union; when last summer they organized themselves in a committee of reform and progress; when finally, in a recent meeting, some gathered for the exaltation of French heroism, the execration of English despotism, the commiseration for the groans of agonizing Ireland. Yes, in Quebec City there is life and honour. In Montreal, that is another story. We have the seat of the responsible government there. We have statesmen, politicians as deep as the abyss and men as mute as grave stones, who choke all measures which were born in Quebec City. Why do they do it? They did not tell me their secrets. I do not have enough perspicacity to guess them. It is necessary that you know if they like it that you have the public meeting you are planning.
Delegation: We have reasons to think that they would be happy if we did not have it. We asked Mr. Drummond, chairman of our association for the recall of the act of Union of Ireland, and Mr. Ryan who was secretary, to convene this meeting as was done in Quebec City: they refused. They said that our compatriots from Quebec City had done something thoughtless in holding this meeting, which was inopportune, without having beforehand consulted any of the members of the government here [in Montreal]; that was to cause embarrassment to a friendly authority, which we would in the end grant all that we would like if, with enough patience, we could wait long enough; that now that they had tied themselves to the government they had to detach themselves from our association; that we could elect other officers. That is why we wish to choose you as chairman and at the same time we want to have public resolutions voted for the recall of the Union and for the exaltation of the virtue and French bravery, which vivify all peoples and, at the price of forfeiture, convert all kings.
Mr. Papineau: Ah! Mr. Drummond and Mr. Ryan, free men, were officers in your society; and, civil servants, they now repudiate it? But there certainly is something very serious and very compromising underneath it . I must know your goal and your rules, before I venture myself to affiliate myself with you. Would they have discovered, since they were commissioned, that there is some odour of disloyalty in these deplorable rules, that I do not know? Were they your officers for a long time? Did they take part in your discussions?
Delegation: Oh! for that, yes. They spoke more often, more thickly, bigger and louder than any of the other members of the society.
Mr. Papineau: Good them. You make me happy. There was nothing criminal in your masonry, when they spoke; I conclude that there is nothing criminal now that they are keeping silent. It is not you who changed; it is them who are changed, or who are not changed; but...
"Their task it is to seem it all — Chameleons, monkeys, great and small." 1
Oh! well in my case, me who has no other Master than the law, I could dare to speak when they will not dare to do it? True. It is amusing to learn that one can become one of yours without being too easily persecuted by the Solicitor General, who was also one of you.
Delegation: Not only should he not prosecute his associate brothers, but we believe that it is this quality of chairman of the associate brothers which made him Solicitor General. It is not only because of his Irish origin that we elected him in the representation. It was even more because of his energetic and reiterated protests of passionate love for popular freedoms; of hatred against a centuries-old oppression, regularized against our unfortunate fatherland, for the profit of the nobles and priests who were foreign enemy, precisely odious, from the devastations of the Plantagenets, Tudors and Stuarts to the proscriptions of Cromwell, the treasons of Castlereagh, the cheatings of Lord Russell: it was because of his promises to echo the denunciations fulminated by Grattan and O'Connell against the traitors, who sold Ireland to the Sassenagh, that we sent him in the representation, the widest and easiest of all paths to personal advancement, under the happy system of responsible government, honest, economic, disinterested, great worker for little remunerations, system which we have had the happiness to enjoy for seven years.
Mr. Papineau: Is it so? Then you can be sure that you have misunderstood your chairman. He cannot pretend that all the respectability that there is in your association has been withdrawn as soon as he left it. Neither him, nor any member of our liberal cabinet can have the presumption of condemning as a thoughtlessness a meeting such as that of Quebec, chaired by a respectable priest, in daily connection with his ecclesiastical superiors, His Grace the archbishop, his coadjutor and others of our most enlightened priests in the country; encouraged by the presence and the participation of all the representation of the city and the vicinity of Quebec, including one of the representatives who was also member of the cabinet. He was since made judge, which could not have been, if there had been something disloyal in these activities. If he had seen some imprudence in any of the resolutions that were discussed and voted, he would not have failed to propose some judicious amendment. I thus advise you to re-examine your chairman, to request that he continue to exercise his function, and to keep the feelings which made you choose him as your representative; to ensure him that I would not want to take part in a movement which, badly interpreted, would give the impression of my wanting to steal an honour which he so well deserved. I esteem him. He is man of distinguished talents, and had solid and brilliant education. Men of this gauge, I honour them, to whichever school they belong; but it is by predilection that I honour them when they belong to the Canadian and Irish liberal schools. Go and meet him again as a group. Renew your request. Let there be no surprise. Say to him that, if he gives you reasons to desist which appear good to you, you will let them be known to the public, to apologize for not imitating the beautiful and good example which Quebec gives us; that if his reasons appear to be bad, you will not desist, and will publish those reasons so that you and him may be judged in full knowledge of the case.
Tell him that, if he wants to chair at the meeting that you wish to have, I will second him open heartedly. If, to my surprise, he refuses, even that would not constitution a sufficient reason for you to give me the honour of choosing me as chairman, neither of your association nor of your meeting. Believe a sincere friend of the good cause in which you are engaged, a friend who has gained some experience of men and business, of those of your country in particular.
Erin, the magnificently green island
Tyranny has been so exorbitant against your deplorable fatherland, made as joyful and beautiful by the good doings of the Providence as it has been obscured by the misdeeds of your governors, that she developed, among the generality of your kind, virtues which are native to you and vices which the foreign dominator gave birth to. You have been living in a more frequent state of conspiracy than any other people, against iniquities more atrocious than any other nation had to suffered. From there your more enthusiastic love for the cult of the fatherland; for your cherished dignity, Erin the beautiful, Erin dispossessed by the despoiler insulting her. This love of the country, is the first of virtues for the English who gives orders; and it is to his eyes the most hateful of feelings that the people could nourish in his colonies of Ireland and Canada. It is the virtue which he most generally and most pitilessly punished. You give your confidence, with a limitless burst of generosity, to whoever is devoted to your cause. You know that I am one of these men; you want to testify your recognition to me in a manner which exceeds the limits of discretion, of national pride, of the feeling of esteem that you must nourish and display for yourselves, for your nationality and your nationals. Associations must be created to tighten the bonds of confidence and mutual dependence among the associates. Do not do anything which can slacken the bonds of complete confidence between you all, in an Irish association, created for an Irish interest: the repeal of your harmful Act of Union.
Often decimated in punishment of your strong love for your country, you have too often organized in secret societies, in which the English gold, the English spies were pushing you to revenge; and, the day before the explosion, betrayed you. This made you suspicious. It is the vice to which the foreign dominator gave birth in natures which the Providence made to be the most trustful that there ever was on Earth. Ireland has currently more chances of salute than ever, because she does not have secret societies. Her hatred is as highly avowed as it is properly organized.
Don't you feel that eventually one will murmur in the ear of one another among you: "Eh what, you are twenty thousand Irish people here, and you considered that not one among you deserved the honour to chair your meeting; you have ruled that a foreigner should be installed above you all, when the question is not of a social interest as important for all our mixed populations, but of a special national interest for you." No. You must keep the leadership and the chair to yourselves. Others have a better right to it than me.
You have on other men more control and a better right to require than they answer your call, than you have on me. It is the first time, Messrs, that we meet. Are there not some other public men with whom you had a more frequent relationship than me; who sought you when they needed you; to whom you rendered services that they requested from you; with whom it was pleasant to receive your votes and who, in return of your votes in their election, promised soft words, respect and civility to you; who said to you that you had the right to their advice, their energetic encouragements, on any occasion you would ask them; the right to their cordial support everywhere you needed it? The time and the occasion have come when you should appreciate to their right value the sincerity and the importance of their promises. Go towards your representatives, go ahead with frankness and with the same declarations that I advised you to bring to Mr. Drummond. It is your right to require, it is their duty to give you their support, if the objects which you seek are as they appears to be, as far as I can tell, useful and honourable to your fatherland, to you and all those who will second you. If they undeceive you, we will be obliged to them for it. Skilful operators, they will have given light to the unhappy ones who were groping in a thick darkness. They could disillusion us, we could reveal them truths they are unaware of. It is only by comparing our doctrines that we can determine which one is the just and true doxy, ours or theirs.
Charles T. Metcalfe, Baron Metcalfe, Governor General of the United Province of Canada from 1843 to 1845
I am thrown in the political life against my inclination. After I frankly explained my dissatisfaction and my scorn for the political order forcibly imposed to my country, with the same hostile aim, by the same perverse means which chains yours, by a fatal and degrading Union for Ireland, as ours is hostile to us and more degrading even for Lower Canada, colony twice subjugated to two metropolises, that of England which oppresses by antipathy, that of Upper Canada which exploits us by cupidity, the county of Saint-Maurice chose me to represent it. If this county meets to deliberate on the general interests on the country, its local interests, or questions related to the cause of the justice, exerted by generous vanquishers against oppressive kings; or to that of the rights, freedoms, and happiness of our Co-Subjects in any part of the Empire, this county has the right, if I keep the mandate it gave me, to order my assistance and my participation in its discussions. In Montreal, I am but a simple citizen who timidly takes part to the deliberations, when its representatives disdain to do it. One so often said to my fellow-citizens, in speech as in writing, that I was a changed man, that I have become a paragon of devotion to the government against which I had fought all my life; that I applauded to the determination which Misters Viger and Papineau had taken to give their support to the administration of Lord Metcalfe, since they remained in power, longer than those who were burning with the envy and the desire to replace them; that, without the benevolent welcoming which 7,000 of these same fellow-citizens gave me in their recent meeting, I would have believed myself pushed away by the majority of them, with as much solicitude as I was by their new leaders. Before my return and since my return, one so high proclaimed to my country that one should be careful not to elect a man whose principles were so unknown, floating and changeable that mine, unless one made him do his political profession of faith; and when I wanted to formulate it, so many intrigues were done to prevent me from publishing it that I had to consider those actions as expressing the charitable care of men who were saying to me:
" Do not speak you would not be listened to. If you want to talk in the same way we do, it is your right. Then make your statements short like ours. Do not speak much, do not say anything on the merit or the demerit of the Union; representation proportional to the population; the extension of the right to vote to all; of the usefulness that at least a part of the representation be selected among the resident voters; that the eligibility should depend only on public confidence, not on the badly or justly acquired property of the candidate. Do not say that the conviction, in front of a legally sworn jury, such as we have not yet seen in the country, of the use of corruption methods in an election, should forever disqualify the convinced culprit, of his rights as voter and eligible, and of the aptitude to fill any public function of honour and profit. Do not insinuate that it would be desirable that the administration be working more and especially be less expensive, it is against the intention of those who gave us the responsible government and against the interest of those who exert it; do not say a good word or other trifles of this nature, which you have the habit to take care of; these are rather useless details since the symbol that represent the good citizenship card, the essential certificate of eligibility has been translated into one supremely simple sentence. Here it is for you to use: "I believe in the Baldwin-La Fontaine ministry and I swear a blind obedience to it." "
Robert Baldwin, lawyer, parliamentarian and minister from Lower Canada
Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine, lawyer, parliamentarian and minister from Lower Canada
My own formula is to give a cordial support to all measures that will seem good to me; and give a free censure with refusal to support those measures which will seem bad to me. With the antecedents that I have given myself and with those which other gave me, I do not have strong motives to court, in Montreal, the disloyal inventors and the easily fooled victims of this vulgar stratagem. Those who sold and those who printed these lies against me knew that they lied. They had their reasons to do it. Whether they collect or do not collect the honours and the profits which systematized trickery and falseness deserve, that is their business and their study; not mine.
Remote and dispersed as you are, it is no your efforts that could tear off the hands of your tyrants, neither the thunder by which they devastate and sterilize your fatherland, nor the lead sceptre under which they crush it. It is less for your fatherland than for yourselves; less for its happiness that for your honour, that you should not give up, disband, and dissolve your association on the perilous day of the upcoming dangers or the next chances of salute which shine on your country. Throughout Christendom, from religious Rome to philosophical Paris, autocratic Russia to the democratic United States, rises a universal cry of love and pity for Ireland, wrapped in her shroud of plague and famine, woven and sewn around it by aristocratic hands. Montreal alone, [distracted] by I do not know what juggler, would not be able to find, in the middle of the sheds devoted to death which England pours from her European Ireland onto her American Ireland, a word of sympathy for pains and sufferings such as the lamentations of Jeremiah alone could let us imagine the horror! Shame on the men who can be demoralizing enough to want for Montreal to be as lethargic as they are apathetic!
It is only a few weeks ago that you were organized, bribed and armed to meet, head to head, other organized, bribed and armed men. Those who enrolled you were less faulty than those against whom they pushed you. You, resident voters, were armed for the defence of your rights. Tories, seeking sacaires outside the limits of the county, armed others for the illegal invasion of your rights. They were placing you in a position of legitimate self-defence. Nevertheless, the ball and the sword are blind instruments which could as well reach your innocent chests as the culprit chests of your adversaries. The courts of justice are a closed field, where the fight begins in the middle of a night as dark as the Erebus, of a labyrinth of turns and stratagems where justice is sometimes mislaid; where the skilful lawyer wins bad causes. You faced the dangers of the battle field, and the greater dangers of the lair of squabbles.
You thus have some right to the services of those whom you placed on the bulwark, of those that you made great, putting your lives in peril. Go toward your representatives. You have the right to ask, that those who seek you before the elections hear you after the elections; that they guide you and help you in your efforts, if they are useful and honourable to you; let them persuade you to discontinue them, if they prove you that they are harmful to the public interest, and, consequently, not very honourable for those who shared your efforts.
Delegation: But it is useless, since we will be refused. We will be rudely pushed away.
Mr. Papineau: Impossible. I refer you to gentlemen.
Delegation: We were politely but peremptorily refused by Mr. Coursol, who said to us that he did not want to help us to embarrass the government and that our actions would not be pleasant to him.
Mr. Papineau: Ah! Here is one who is not in the government and who takes part in the secrecies of a government as mysterious as ours! No, you are wrong. It is not an established fact which he reveals you; it is a clever assumption to which he arrived according to a rather plausible calculation of probability, that the quietude of rest and the wisdom of silence are as pleasant to the Canadian ministry as the din of Ireland is annoying to it, and to Lord Russell too. I repeat you, go to the source of all these reports. See your representatives. My own opinion, is that active and judicious ministries, inside which "several Irish members" and "of Irish extraction", should give themselves the honour to prove that their heart is not made of ice for the anguishes of their country; to give themselves the honour not to choke your patriotic fervour. If they can be excused not to be there in person, they must at least encourage their friends to attend your meeting, to prepare the resolutions with you, so that, in not exceeding the limits of the law, you may go as far it permits, as did their very devoted partisans in Quebec City. See Mr. Holmes, he is your representative, he is friends with the Cabinet, he is of Irish origin; you have on him rights which you do not have on me: he must be your chairman if you call him there.
You come after your fellow-citizens from Quebec, to organize a demonstration similar to that which they organized and which particularly interests you. Having the benefit of their example, and the time to reflect on the matter, you must endeavour to do something more than they did.
Though you must, in this occasion, hold an Irish meeting, you will add importance to it, if you call upon, among all the origins of which our society is composed, to the men who are human, devoted to the cause of progress, to the respect of justice, the hatred of oppression, and if you ask them to assist you. Have the various nationalities which are somewhat numerous be represented in your meeting. Elect Canadian, English, Scottish, American, and German vice-chairmen. Learn to know the liberty of sentiments, the thirst for liberality, equality and fraternity of the majority of your fellow-citizens of French extraction. Invite them to take part in a demonstration for the purpose of giving a free expression to the feelings which inflate their generous chests, the hatred of oppression, the pity for the national sufferings of Ireland, as for her individual sufferings, as proves the adoption, by Canadian families, of such a great number of the orphans from Ireland, orphans made so by the cowardice of the Whig ministries meanly controlled by mercantile interests and, in consequence of this servility, letting the owners of English vessels operate the trade of the Irish with an even more sordid greed of lucre, a more brutal inhumanity, a more murderous improvidence than the privateer of Cuba and Brazil did in the trade of the blacks.
The interest of the slave trader is to have a short passage and to sell a complete and healthy cargo. The interest of the Stanley, Palmerston, Blake and others of their caste and their temperament, is to drive out of their vast Irish fields those whom they made poor and who can no longer pay them. The more the vessel which carries them is encumbered, the more the field and the heart of the mauvais riche is alleviated, and the more the income is increased. They cannot enforce, do they inform us officially, their law which would tend to prevent the congestion. They "do not want" to have it enforced. They obtain profit and pleasure from it being eluded. From there, the expressed angers of Stanley against our colonial law. From there the hyperbolic lowness of Grey and all his colleagues, blaming the last colonial law passed according to their instructions. Here is the responsible government in its source, in all its sincerity, its benevolence, or its nudity as one will want to call it! Should we be astonished that it be so thickened with blood and mud when we see this government going all the way to Sandwich to chose representatives who will understand and recommend it!
Taken from L'Avenir on May 15, 1848 as reproduced in Louis-Joseph Papineau. Cette fatale union. Adresses, discours et manifestes. 1847-1848, introduction et notes de Georges Aubin, Lux Éditeur, 2003, ISBN 2-89596-009-7
1. Quote from The Funeral of The Lioness, one of the Fables of Jean de La Fontaine (Fable XIV, Book VIII) The original quote was Qui sont tenus de le paraître. Peuple caméléon, peuple singe du maître.
Also by Papineau
The History of the Insurrection in Canada in refutation of the report of Lord Durham, 1839
The Political Testament of Louis-Joseph Papineau, 1867
This text is licensed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License.
Retrieved from "https://english.republiquelibre.org/index.php?title=Second_Manifesto&oldid=11973"
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406002
|
__label__wiki
| 0.768952
| 0.768952
|
Laces importers from peru
Hiry beaver-What is factor endowment? definition and meaning - entertainingthings.com
Factor endowment model-Brief Notes on Factor Endowment Theory of International Trade
by Kimberly C.
The factor endowment theory holds that countries are likely to be abundant in different types of resources. In economic reasoning, the simplest case for this distribution is the idea that countries will have different ratios of capital to labor. Factor endowment theory is used to determine comparative advantage. The Hechsher-Olin Theory holds that a country will have a comparative advantage in the good that uses the factor with which it is heavily endowed. When calculating comparative advantage, it is essential to remember that it is the ratios of factors that matter; a country could be heavily endowed with both labor and capital, but it proportionally may have more of one than another than would another country.
By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Main article: Factor price equalization. November The same holds true for investments in capital and infrastructure. But the capital is not an modeel given by the nature. In fact, data shows that connection between the prosperity of the colonizing and the wealth of the colony was weaker than many thought. Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to explain the issue with the endowmdnt. Offshoring vs. Factor endowment model theory states Sex nude coeds the differences in the costs of production stems from the differences in the supply of factor Factor endowment model. Within countries, capital and labor can be reinvested and reemployed to produce different outputs.
Mega fat tits. Navigation menu
Countries like Brazil and Cuba had an extremely large Factor endowment model concentrated factor endowment that tended toward exploitationa hierarchical social system and exhibited economies of scale. Macroeconomics The Economics of Labor Mobility. Your Practice. This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The standard Heckscher—Ohlin model assumes that the production functions are identical for all countries concerned. In fact, data shows that connection between the prosperity of the colonizing and the wealth of the colony was Factor endowment model than many thought. Both sides had the same sign only for cases out of cases or the rate of correct predictions was A basic economic concept that involves multiple parties participating in the voluntary negotiation. Ohlin said that the H—O model was a long-run model, and that the conditions of industrial production White pink striped knee stockings "everywhere the same" in the long run. The model emphasizes the export of goods requiring factors of production that a country has in abundance. The model explains how a nation should operate and trade when resources are imbalanced throughout the world. The decision that capital owners are faced with is between investments in differing production technologies; the H—O model assumes capital is privately held. It is commonly argued that these countries benefited Factor endowment model by borrowing many of Britain 's institutions and laws. Compare Investment Accounts.
It builds on David Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage by predicting patterns of commerce and production based on the factor endowments of a trading region.
Factor endowments impact a country's comparative advantage by affecting the opportunity cost of specializing in producing certain goods relative to others.
In economics a country's factor endowment is commonly understood as the amount of land , labor , capital , and entrepreneurship that a country possesses and can exploit for manufacturing.
The Heckscher-Ohlin model is an economic theory that proposes that countries export what they can most efficiently and plentifully produce.
If a country has a comparative advantage in a good that uses the factor with which it is heavily endowed, it should focus it's production on that good. Because it is heavily endowed with that factor, it will be most efficient at producing the good that requires that factor for production.
For example, a country with a high ration of capital to labor will be more efficient at producing computers than it would corn. If that country instead focused on producing corn, it would have to divert capital which is not meant for corn production into an area where it is inefficiently used. The factor endowment theory, while used to explain overarching notions of comparative advantage, in reality only accounts for a small percentage of world trade.
At one time, there were big disparities between labor and capital in the US and East Asia. East Asia began to grow much faster than the US, however trade increased as the two countries became more similar, even though the factor endowment theory would predict that trade should have lessened. This suggests that there must be something other than factor endowments motivating international trade. The assumptions that drive the factor endowment theory may be flawed.
It first assumes the same technology, and also assumes arbitrary borders. However, factors like borders play a large role in how much trade occurs; Seattle, for instance, conducts more trade with Boston than it does with Vancouver. Branding also plays a large role in trade; France has been very successful in differentiating its product, wine, from that of other countries, so regardless of factor endowments France will likely continue to specialize in wine and the rest of the world will likely keep buying it from them.
From International Political Economy. Jump to: navigation , search. Critiques of the Factor Endowment Theory The factor endowment theory, while used to explain overarching notions of comparative advantage, in reality only accounts for a small percentage of world trade. Personal tools Log in.
It takes the position that countries should ideally export materials and resources of which they have an excess, while proportionately importing those resources they need. Home Market Effect Definition The home market effect hypothesizes that large countries will be net exporters of goods with strong economies of scale and high transport costs. For example, because wealth and power were distributed relatively equally in the United States and in Canada, these two countries led the rest of the Americas in providing education on a broader scale. The decision that capital owners are faced with is between investments in differing production technologies; the H—O model assumes capital is privately held. East Asia began to grow much faster than the US, however trade increased as the two countries became more similar, even though the factor endowment theory would predict that trade should have lessened.
Factor endowment model. Navigation menu
Factor Endowment Theory - International Political Economy
The factors of production in an economy are labour, capital, entrepreneurship and land. Another phrase for factors of production is factor endowment. Factor endowments are essentially factors of production used by an economy to make the most of manufacturing. Abundance of these resources often leads to countries becoming prosperous and wealthy nations. However, one cannot generalise this observation as prosperity and growth of a nation is also dependant on equitable access and distribution of resources.
There is a famous theory on factor endowment that is associated to international trade by Hecksher-Ohlin. It comments of the relationship between international and interregional production costs and supply of production factors. The theory states that the differences in the costs of production stems from the differences in the supply of factor endowments.
The Hecksher-Ohlin theory of factor endowment in international trade is used to determine comparative advantage of various countries. According to the theory, a country will have a comparative advantage in a good produced by factors it is abundantly endowed with. While dealing with this theory we must keep in mind that factor endowments are meant to be dealt in ratios.
For example, a country may have large amounts of both capital and labour; however, one factor may be proportionally more than the other. This is what makes the difference. The factor endowment theory has drawn criticism. The assumptions of this theory may be flawed. Let me give you an example to explain. At a point of time, both the United States and East Asia suffered from disproportionate quantities of labour and capital.
Though, East Asia began to grow more rapidly than the United States, trade between the two regions grew, when in fact in accordance with the theory it should have fallen. The theory suffers from several fallacies. One of the most prominent being too many unrealistic assumptions such as no trade between nations, no transportation, trade between only two countries and only two goods being produced. Thus, one can gage that this theory explains only a small fraction of world trade.
Click here for government certifications. I mean, we make assumptions to simplify the model which represent the real world as nearly as possible and expect the model to hold true in every case, in real. If only world were that perfect! Your email address will not be published. Interesting and nicely written. Good topic chosen and nicely explained! The H-O theory has been explained well. Reply to Article Please do not use offensive vocabulary. Cancel reply Your email address will not be published.
Get Govt. Certified Take Free Test.
Chipsy chicks
Nest day picture ofbreast augmentation
Doula gay couple australia
Ex for virgins
Crossdresser poser program
Vannissa hudgons naked photos
Oral sex photograph
Bizzare start pages
Hentai gllery
Magda P.
VIEW ALL POSTS BY Akinozilkree
10 thoughts on “Factor endowment model”
Katty B. says:
Pullover mit hemd
Cali L. says:
Mutualarrangements com
Magella says:
Geile sexy madels
Darcee L. says:
Old pussy webcam
Khia K. says:
Lisa sparxxx cum
Be an actress
Sak says:
Schmerzen in linker leistengegend frau
Black teen young porn
Haylee L. says:
Geile blonde porn
Adel S. says:
Ich befriedige mich
Jennifer lopez pleasure is mine
Ryan riley vancouver
Puppy lovers inc
Hilton nude charisma carpenter
Intense anal
© Penis stands up too high. All rights reserved entertainingthings.com
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406005
|
__label__wiki
| 0.558235
| 0.558235
|
Badan, Flori-Irina (1) (remove)
Nervendegeneration (1)
Schlaganfall (1)
Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie (1) (remove)
Temporal dynamics of degenerative and regeneratuve events associated with cerebral ischemia in aged rats (2003)
Badan, Flori-Irina
Studies of stroke in experimental animals have demonstrated the neuroprotective efficacy of a variety of interventions; however, most such strategies have failed to show clinical benefits in aged humans. One possible explanation for this discrepancy between animal and clinical studies may be the role that age plays in the recovery of the brain following insult. For example, the poor functional recovery of aged rats after stroke may be caused by a decline in brain plasticity. Although the incidence of ischemic stroke increases dramatically with advancing age, relatively few studies have been conducted on aged animals, which would mimic most closely the context in which stroke occurs in humans. We have shown that, at one week following stroke, there was vigorous expression of MAP1B and its mRNA, as well as MAP2 protein, in the border zone adjacent to the infarct of 3 month- and 20 month-old male Sprague Dawley rats. Hypothesis: The decline in brain plasticity is caused by an age-related decline in the upregulation of factors promoting brain plasticity (MAP1B, ßAPP) and an age-related increase in astroglial scaring and in the expression of neurotoxins such as beta amyloid. Methods: Focal cerebral ischemia was produced by reversible occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery in 3- and 20-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats. The functional outcome was assessed in neurobehavioral tests at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days post-stroke. At these time points, brains were removed and analyzed for markers of (i) brain plasticity (microtubule-associated protein 1B, MAP1B, secreted forms of fi-amyloid precursor protein); (ii) neurogenesis (BrdU-positive cells, doublecortin, nestin); (iii) neurotoxicity (B-amyloid aggregates); (iv) inflammation (microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, endothelial cells). Results: (1) There was a non-significant tendency for blood pressure to be higher in old than in young rats. By post-stroke day 3 the infarct volume covered about 15% of the cortical neurons in young and 28% in aged rats. By day 7, infarct volumes were roughly equal in the two age groups. (2) Cell counting showed increases in the number of BrdU-positive cells in the infarcted area of old rats at day 3 post-stroke. This increase became even more dramatic at day 7 post-stroke in aged rats. There was no significant contribution of apoptosis to cell death. (3) Behaviorally, young rats recovered gradually and reached a maximum of 90% of baseline performance at day 14, post-stroke while the aged rats recovered only to a maximum of 70% of pre-surgery performance by week 2 post-stroke, and remained at that level. (4) The temporal pattern of recovery correlated well with the expression of growth-associated phenotype of ßAPP as well as with MAP1B accumulation in varicosities along axons (an indicator of growth) in cortical areas affected by stroke and was at maximum between days 14 to 28 in young rats. In contrast, aged rats showed delayed (day 28) and reduced axonal remodelling as well as a delayed (day 28) expression of growth-associated ßAPP. Instead, the neurotoxic carboxy-terminal form of ßAPP steadily accumulated over time and reached a maximum at day 14 in aged rats as compared to 28d for the young rats. Nestin, a marker for immature neurons, overlapped with BrdU-labelled cells at day 7 post-stroke in corpus callosum and at the infarct border in both young and aged rats, suggesting increased stroke-induced neurogenesis. (5) In young rats there was a gradual activation of both microglia and astrocytes that peaked by days 14 to 28 with the formation of a glial scar. In contrast, aged rats showed an accelerated astrocytic and microglial reaction that peaked in week 1 post-stroke. We also noted a strong activation of oligodendrocytes at early stages of infarct development in all rats that persisted in aged rats. Evolution of astrocytic and microglial reactivity closely paralled the time course of scar formation in both young and aged rats and coincided with the stagnation in the recovery rate of aged rats. Conclusions: The time course of functional recovery in young rats correlated well with the expression of plasticity proteins such as MAP1B and ßAPP while an early and persistent expression of the neuro toxic fragment AB in conjunction with a delayed expression of MAP1B and ßAPP may impede functional recovery in aged rats. The results also suggest that a temporally anomalous glial reaction to cerebral ischemia in aged rats leads to the premature formation of scar tissue that impedes functional recovery to stroke.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406007
|
__label__wiki
| 0.765599
| 0.765599
|
In The Waiting Line
When It Falls (Special Edition)
Simple Things Special Edition
Simple Science EP
Yeah Ghost
Yeah Ghost (Deluxe)
When It Falls
Ibiza Mix 2019 (DJ Mix)
Cafe Mambo Ibiza: Sunset to After Dark
Cafe Mambo Ibiza
and 42 other albums
About Zero 7
Studio assistants turned superstars, London's Henry Bins and Sam Hardaker are now finding their cool and sexy tunes played all over the world. Prior to their highly acclaimed debut album, Simple Things, Zero 7 started making waves with a series of EPs and remixes, including Radiohead's "Climbing Up The Walls" and Lenny Kravitz's "If You Can't Say No." Soul vocalists Mozez, Sia Fuller, and Sophie Barker take their downtempo sound into the mainstream, yet their music shows no inclination to sell out. Nicholas Baker
Alpha, Au Revoir Simone, Corinne Bailey Rae, Emiliana Torrini, Telepopmusik, The Postal Service
Studio assistants turned superstars, London's Henry Bins and Sam Hardaker are now finding their cool and sexy tunes played all over the world. Prior to their highly acclaimed debut album, Simple Things, Zero 7 started making waves with a series of EPs and remixes, including Radiohead's "Climbing Up The Walls" and Lenny Kravitz's "If You Can't Say No." Soul vocalists Mozez, Sia Fuller, and Sophie Barker take their downtempo sound into the mainstream, yet their music shows no inclination to sell out.
100 Greatest Driving Songs
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406008
|
__label__cc
| 0.642475
| 0.357525
|
Shareholder Investigation Alert: Halper Sadeh LLP Continues to Investigate Whether the Sale of These Companies is Fair to Shareholders – CBM, WAIR, SRCI, MCRN
GlobeNewswire September 11, 2019
NEW YORK, Sept. 11, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Halper Sadeh LLP, a global investor rights law firm, continues to investigate the following companies:
Cambrex Corporation (CBM)
The investigation concerns whether Cambrex and its board of directors violated the federal securities laws and/or breached their fiduciary duties to shareholders in connection with the proposed sale of Cambrex to an affiliate of the Permira funds for $60.00 per share. If you are a Cambrex shareholder and would like to learn more about your legal rights and options, please visit: https://halpersadeh.com/actions/cambrex-corporation-cbm-stock-merger-permira-funds/.
Wesco Aircraft Holdings, Inc. (WAIR)
The investigation concerns whether Wesco and its board of directors violated the federal securities laws and/or breached their fiduciary duties to shareholders in connection with the proposed sale of Wesco to an affiliate of Platinum Equity for $11.05 per share. If you are a Wesco shareholder and would like to learn more about your legal rights and options, please visit: https://halpersadeh.com/actions/wesco-aircraft-holdings-inc-wair-stock-merger-platinum-equity/.
SRC Energy Inc. (SRCI)
The investigation concerns whether SRC Energy and its board of directors violated the federal securities laws and/or breached their fiduciary duties to shareholders in connection with the proposed sale of SRC Energy to PDC Energy, Inc. Under the terms of the agreement, SRC Energy shareholders will receive a fixed exchange ratio of 0.158 PDC shares for each share of SRC common stock. If you are an SRC Energy shareholder and would like to learn more about your legal rights and options, please visit: https://halpersadeh.com/actions/src-energy-inc-srci-stock-merger-pdc-energy-inc/.
Milacron Holdings Corp. (MCRN)
The investigation concerns whether Milacron and its board of directors violated the federal securities laws and/or breached their fiduciary duties to shareholders in connection with the proposed sale of Milacron to Hillenbrand, Inc. for $11.80 in cash and 0.1612 shares of Hillenbrand common stock for each share of Milacron common stock. If you are a Milacron shareholder and would like to learn more about your legal rights and options, please visit: https://halpersadeh.com/actions/milacron-holdings-corp-mcrn-merger-stock-hillenbrand/.
On behalf of shareholders of these companies, Halper Sadeh LLP may seek increased consideration, additional disclosures and information concerning the proposed transaction, or other relief and benefits.
Shareholders are encouraged to contact the firm free of charge to discuss their legal rights and options. Please call Daniel Sadeh or Zachary Halper at (212) 763-0060 or email sadeh@halpersadeh.com or zhalper@halpersadeh.com.
Halper Sadeh LLP represents investors all over the world who have fallen victim to securities fraud and corporate misconduct. Our attorneys have been instrumental in implementing corporate reforms and recovering millions of dollars on behalf of defrauded investors.
Halper Sadeh LLP
Daniel Sadeh, Esq.
Zachary Halper, Esq.
sadeh@halpersadeh.com
zhalper@halpersadeh.com
https://www.halpersadeh.com
Engadget gears up to announce best of CES 2020
The most-wanted sneakers of the decade: GOAT
115M Americans hit the road this holiday season
Where do campaign funds go when candidates drop out?
Tesla touches 2-year high on China factory optimism
Companies to Watch: GM working with UAW, Facebook unveils new products, Sam’s Club rolls out health plans
WeWork reportedly set to hand control to SoftBank
Wells Fargo on Disney: ‘This force awoke’
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406012
|
__label__cc
| 0.667894
| 0.332106
|
Halifax Camerata Singers fonds, 32 results 32
Symphony Nova Scotia., 11 results 11
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation., 4 results 4
Macmillan, Scott, 3 results 3
MacDonald, Bertrum, 2 results 2
Mendelssohn, Felix, 1 results 1
Murray, David, fl. 1934-1972, 1 results 1
Truro (N.S.), 3 results 3
Antigonish (N.S. : County), 1 results 1
Antigonish (N.S.), 1 results 1
Music, 27 results 27
Musicians, 27 results 27
Christmas music, 3 results 3
Radio broadcasting , 3 results 3
Nonprofit organizations, 1 results 1
Programs, 33 results 33
Sheet music, 1 results 1
Halifax Camerata Singers fonds Halifax (N.S.)
Top-level description Halifax Camerata Singers fonds
Baroque series concert with Symphony Nova Scotia and the Halifax Camerata Singers
MS-5-15.2006-018, Box 2, Folder 12
Part of Halifax Camerata Singers fonds
File contains a program and two clippings of advertisements for the concert.
Brahms German requiem
MS-5-15.2006-018, Box 2, Folder 6
File contains a program and advertisement for a concert by Symphony Nova Scotia, conducted by Georg Tintner, in collaboration with the First Baptist Church Choir, directed by David MacDonald; Georgian Singers of Halifax, directed by Dr. Walter Kem...
CBC information morning
File contains the order of carols for Halifax Camerata Singers' performance on CBC Information Morning.
File contains the order of carols for Halifax Camerata Singers' performance on CBC Information Morning as part of a special program for raising supplies and funds for the Food Bank. Twenty out of twenty-five members of the choir were in atten...
Camerata by candlelight
File contains a program and outline of the event for a performance by the Halifax Camerata Singers in the Great Hall of the University Club at Dalhousie University. The file also contains a memorandum from Bertrum MacDonald to Jeff Joudrey with de...
Canadian choral magic
File contains a program, two copies of a poster, blank door prize forms, and newspaper clippings of advertisements for a concert by the Halifax Camerata Singers at St. Andrew's United Church in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The concert featured sacre...
File contains a program, flyer, and two posters for a concert by the Halifax Camerata Singers. The file also includes newspaper clippings of reviews of the concert.
Correspondence and records from the Halifax Camerata Singers concert season
File consists of records for the 1994-1995 concert season of the Halifax Camerata Singers, including programs, correspondence, newspaper clippings about performances, and member lists. The file includes records relating to the Camerata Singers CD ...
Correspondence, minutes, and records of the Board of Directors
File consists of records for the 1992-1993 concert season of the Halifax Camerata Singers, including minutes from Board of Directors' meetings, correspondence, programs, and donor records.
Financial statements and minutes for the Board of Directors
File contains records relating to the 1987-1988 concert season of the Halifax Camerata Singers, including financial statements and minutes from meetings of the Board of Directors. The file also includes correspondence and a program for a concert b...
Folksongs around the world : a musical tour around the world
File contains a program, flyer, and two copies of a poster for a performance by the Halifax Camerata Singers at St. Andrew's United Church in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Halifax Camerata Singers fonds
Fonds consists of records created for and as a result of the performance activities of the Halifax Camerata Singers. Records include posters and programs from concerts\ and administrative and financial records from the Board of Directors of the no...
Halifax Camerata Singers
File contains two programs for two performances of Handel's Messiah by Symphony Nova Scotia, conducted by Georg Tinter, with the Halifax Camerata Singers and Cantabile Singers of Truro, directed by Jeff Joudrey. The concerts took place at the...
File contains two programs for two performance of Handel's Messiah by Symphony Nova Scotia, conducted by Georg Tintner, with the Halifax Camerata Singers and Truro Cantabile Singers, directed by Jeff Joudrey. The concerts took place at the Fi...
File contains two copies of a program for a concert by Symphony Nova Scotia, conducted by Georg Tintner, with the Halifax Camerata Singers and Cantabile Singers of Truro, directed by Jeff Joudrey. The programs also include flyers for upcoming conc...
File contains a program for a performance by Symphony Nova Scotia, conducted by Georg Tintner, with the Halifax Camerata Singers and Truro Cantabile Singers, directed by Jeff Joudrey. The file also contains two newspaper clippings advertising the ...
File contains a program and a poster for a concert by the Halifax Camerata Singers in collaboration with the First Baptist Girls' Choir of Truro, Nova Scotia.
La gloria d'Italia
File contains a program for a concert by the Halifax Camerata Singers and two newspaper clippings of reviews of the concert.
File contains a program for a concert by Symphony Nova Scotia, the Halifax Camerata Singers and the Cantabile Singers of Truro, conducted by Georg Tintner with Jeff Joudrey as the choral director. The file also contains a newspaper clipping of a r...
Minutes and other records of the Board of Directors
File consists of records for the 1993-1994 concert season of the Halifax Camerata Singers, including proposed programs, correspondence, newspaper clippings about performances, member lists, the Camerata newsletter, financial statements, reports, a...
Order for information morning show
Performance records of the Halifax Camerata Singers
Series contains programs, advertisements, and reviews for concerts by the Halifax Camerata Singers, sometimes in collaboration with other musicians and ensembles.
Programs and correspondence for the Board of Directors
File consists of records for the 1990-1991 concert season of the Halifax Camerata Singers, including a member list, correspondence, programs, and reports to the Board of Directors.
Programs, correspondence, and minutes for the Board of Directors
File contains records relating to the 1988-1989 concert season of the Halifax Camerata Singers, including programs, minutes from Board of Directors' meetings, and correspondence.
Saint Cecilia concert series : Elijah
File contains a program for the 1995-1996 Saint Cecilia concert series, which included a performance of Mendelssohn's Elijah by the Halifax Camerata Singers, Cantabile Singers of Truro, Cape Breton Chorale, and Kings Chorale, conducted by Jef...
Saint Cecilia concert series : Mass in B minor by J.S. Bach
File contains a program and newspaper clippings from a performance by the Halifax Camerata Singers in collaboration with the Truro Cantabile Singers, performed as part of the Saint Cecilia 1993-1994 concert series.
Saint Cecilia concert series : fifth anniversary gala concert
File contains a program for a concert featuring the Halifax Camerata Singers, Linda Verbier, David Murray, Pamela MacDonald, the Niagara Brass Ensemble, George Maxmann, Scott MacMillan, and Olga Milosevich. The concert included the world premiere ...
Saint Cecilia concert series : the best of Bach
File contains a program for a concert by the Halifax Camerata Singers, performed in collaboration with the Cantabile Singers of Truro, members of Symphony Nova Scotia and guest soloists (Lorraine Thompson, Susan MacKay, Nancy Chisling, Douglas Ros...
Saint Cecilia concert series presents Halifax Camerata Singers
File contains two copies of a poster, newspaper clippings, and a program for a concert by the Halifax Camerata Singers as part of the Saint Cecilia concert series. The file also includes a pamphlet for the 1994-1995 concert series and a copy of &q...
Songs of home : an evening of Maritime music
File contains a program for a concert by the Halifax Camerata Singers, performed at St. Andrew's United Church in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and featuring several arrangements by Scott MacMillan.
Stars on the hill
File contains newspaper clippings, maps, schedules, and a program for Stars on the Hill, an event celebrating 5 years of public broadcasting in the Maritimes for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The events included a performance of an excerp...
File contains a program for a concert by Symphony Nova Scotia, conducted by Georg Tintner, with the Halifax Camerata Singers and the Cantabile Singers of Truro, directed by Jeff Joudrey. The file also includes a newspaper clipping about the concert.
The glory of the Renaissance : music for choir and brass
File contains two programs for two concerts by the Halifax Camerata Singers in collaboration with the Maritime Conservatory Faculty Brass Quintet. The concerts took place at St. Andrew's United Church in Halifax, Nova Scotia and in Antigonish...
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406013
|
__label__cc
| 0.707349
| 0.292651
|
arts in Toledo Ohio
VIDEO: Women Unbound 1-Year Anniversary Event – “Transformation”
December 12, 2014 Feliza 1 Comment
If you follow me on social media, you may have seen me talking about a talk I delivered last Saturday in my hometown. The video is live, for those who may be interested in checking it out.
It was an incredible opportunity to return to Toledo for this talk. I’m incredibly grateful to Lorraine Cipriano and Kayla Williams, the organizers of Women Unbound who invited me to speak both at last year’s launch and this year’s anniversary. Special thanks also to Randy Nissen from Toledo Early College High School, who records the Women Unbound talks and brings a boatload of TECHS kids (who, I might add, I always find to be some of the most intelligent, mature, and overall amazing high school kids I’ve ever met.)
arts in Toledo OhioSailor MoonSailor Moon CrystalToledo OhioWomen Unbound
Upcoming Event: WOMEN UNBOUND
November 12, 2013 Feliza Leave a comment
Here’s a quick and fun announcement, especially for my Toledo-area friends and readers: I’ll be in town next month to speak at an event at the library!
The event is the first in a reading series called “Women Unbound,” which celebrates female writers in the Toledo area. The first event is about Superheroines, and I was invited to speak as editor of Girls in Capes. My topic will be the first two “superheroines” I encountered as a girl: Keladry of Mindelan (Tamora Pierce’s PROTECTOR OF THE SMALL quartet) and Wonder Woman in WONDER WOMAN: THE HIKETEIA.
Following my talk,
Women Unbound will take place from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. Saturday, Dec. 7 at the Sanger Branch Library on W. Central Avenue. If you’re interested in learning more, leave a comment – or just wait! I’ll post more as it becomes available. I hope to see you there!
arts in Toledo OhioGirls in CapesToledo-Lucas County Public LibraryWriting
[Guest Post] NaNoPlaMo
That’s right, folks, it’s October, aka National Novel Planning Month. For the common Nanoer that is, not for me – I’ve had a chapter-by-chapter outline done for this year’s Nano since the end of September.
(Don’t feel bad. It’s only because I finished a second draft of this novel in June and spent all summer brainstorming the plot-holes out of it until I had a workable plot line.)
But I still have some planning ahead of me, because I am the official-unofficial Nano Planner for the University of Toledo Writer’s Guild. Admittedly, that doesn’t require as much work as would befall, say, a regional ML (municipal liaison), but still: Between five classes, three jobs, a boatload of homework, and this being my first year as any sort of coordinator for Nano events, I’m swamped.
What is a Nano event, you ask? Well, the primary event would be a write-in, but in all there are three basic things that happen around Nanowrimo:
Kick-off parties
End parties, aka “thank God it’s over” parties
Kick-off parties might take place before November, to let everyone touch base, meet, and hang out before their month of shared insanity, or they might take place right at the beginning of November. The Toledo-area kick-off, for example, was a week ago, whereas the Writer’s Guild kick-off will be on the first Friday of November.
Because our UTWG kick-off will be after NaNo has started, it will really be a big write-in. “Big” in our case meaning “this is the first write-in of the month, so come in and kick-start your novel before school, work, and those annoying people you live with start to bog you down,” not meaning “a lot of people will be there.” Considering we’ve had an average meeting attendance of about four students, I’m guessing a lot of people will not be there, but it’ll be fun and it’ll be productive, and if a couple of new people happen to come join us, awesome.
Our write-in will actually be a write-in, in that we’ll while away the hours by sitting at a table with our laptops or notebooks and write with that burst of speed that always accompanies the beginning of the month.
In contrast, Toledo-area write-ins are really fun, but they’re not very productive. When someone asks what we do at a write-in, I say, “Well, supposedly we’re writing all together, but really it’s more like we’re helping each other procrastinate.” Not to cast disparagement on these write-ins – I love going to them. It’s how I made friends in Toledo last year. But the only time I got any real writing done was the day before Thanksgiving: I arrived late, after work, to find that the few people who had showed up were gone. Sitting alone at the Starbucks in Barnes & Noble, I managed to get 2500 words written in just a couple of hours.
But normally I just talked to people.
At the end of the month is the traditional “thank God it’s over party,” at which you congratulate the people who won and celebrate the fact that you can stop freaking out about word-count, start spending more time with your significant other and less with your cat (who was your only company for the month, as he, unlike your boyfriend, simply slept on the table while you typed away, rather than complaining about your lack of attention), and otherwise return to a state of sanity.
I have our kick-off party and write-ins worked out for the month, but I’m not sure about our end-party. November 30th falls on a Friday, which would be perfect since that’s UTWG’s normal meeting day…but I don’t want to alienate anyone who’s still racing the clock, desperately trying to get to that fifty-thousandth word before the laptop strikes midnight.
Maybe the following Monday at Biggby. We’ll see.
Happy Nanoing to all, and to all a good novel!
Elizabeth Anderson is an education major at the University of Toledo. She works at the Learning Club of Toledo, the Toledo Botanical Gardens, and Lane Bryant and writes the UTWG newsletter. Her blog, Inkwell, can be found here, or follow her on Twitter.
The University of Toledo Writer’s Guild is open to all UT students and alumni as well as high-school students who would like to be honorary members. Any high-school or college-aged students from any schools in the Toledo area are welcome at UTWG’s Nano events.
Kick-off party: UT Student Union, room 1507 on Friday, November 2, from 3-5p.m. and 7-9p.m.
Meetings: Every Friday in UT SU 1507 from 5-7p.m.
Write-ins: Every Monday at Biggby Coffee on W. Central Ave. from 7-9p.m.
The UTWG blog can be found here. You can also check out the UTWG Nano thread.
Toledo-area write-ins are on Thursdays at the Barnes & Noble on Monroe St. from 6-10p.m. or whenever you get there. There will be no write-in on Thanksgiving.
arts in Toledo OhioNaNoWriMoNaNoWriMo 2012The University of ToledoToledo OhioUniversity of Toledo Writer's Guild
UTWG and The Mill to co-host poetry reading
September 27, 2011 Feliza Leave a comment
The UT Writer’s Guild and The Mill literary magazine will host a Banned Books Week poetry reading Wednesday, September 28 at 7 p.m. in Room 2240 of the Field House on the University of Toledo’s Main Campus.
The featured poet at the event is Zach Fishel, a graduate student at UT.
The reading, presented in open mic format, will also feature The Mill editor in chief Peter Faziani and UTWG president Michael Beers reading their own work.
Several other students will read at the event as well, including members of the UT Writer’s Guild.
Banned Books Week is an annual event sponsored by the American Library Association to raise awareness of books banned and challenged in schools and libraries. Banned Books Week encourages the sharing of literature and ideas between and among groups.
Contact UTWG vice president Feliza Casano (feliza [dot] casano [at] rockets [dot] utoledo [dot] edu) for more information or to sign up to read. You may also contact Feliza for more information about the UT Writer’s Guild.
Banned Books Week Poetry on Facebook
UT Writer’s Guild on Facebook
The Mill magazine on Facebook
The Mill magazine website
arts in Toledo OhioBanned Books WeekBanned Books Week 2011literarypoetrypoetry readingToledo OhioUniversity of Toledo Writer's Guild
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406017
|
__label__cc
| 0.748313
| 0.251687
|
Camley Street Natural Gardens
A wild oasis nestled between two of London’s busiest railway stations and beside Regent’s Canal, this reserve was created from wasteland and is now a haven for diverse wildlife.
12Camley StreetLondonN1C 4PW
The Cardinal Hume Centre
The Cardinal Hume Centre enables people to gain the skills they need to overcome poverty and homelessness. We work with homeless young people, badly housed families and others in need. We take the ethos of our founder seriously, ensuring that we offer both a non-judgemental…
3-7Arneway StreetLondonSW1P 2BG
020 7227 1673 for help 020 7222 1602 Reception
Cardinal Vaughan Memorial RC Secondary School (Kensington & Chelsea)
For more information on how Cardinal Vaughan Memorial RC Secondary School supports children and young people with special educational needs and/or disabilities (SEND), please download the school’s SEN Information Report
Cardinal Vaughan Memorial School, 89Addison RoadLondonW14 8BZ
Care, Education and Treatment Reviews
Following the shocking abuse seen at Winterbourne View, a hospital for people with learning disabilities and autism, in 2011, People with learning disabilities, family carers, health and social care organisations came together to form the Transforming Care programme. The Transforming Care programme aims to improve…
If you want to ask a question while browsing the Carers Direct web site, or you need help finding information, you can use the webchat service to talk to a Carers Direct adviser live online.The web chat service is available between 9am and 8pm Monday…
Carers Express
A programme for young people aged 11-19 who give emotional and/or practical support to a loved one. Carers Express takes place primarily over the school holidays. We partake in creative workshops at galleries, museums and other cultural hubs, take trips to see plays and musicals, and…
Unit 122 Great Western Studios65 Alfred RdLondonW2 5EU
Carers Network
Carers Network operates across three boroughs: Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, and Westminster City Council. We provide a tailored service to unpaid carers; supporting them to identify their needs and empowering them to make informed choices for themselves…
Beethoven CentreThird AvenueLondonW10 4JL
Email Email WebsiteAdd to My Shortlist
Offer expert advice, information and support.
CareTrade
CareTrade is a multi-award winning charity providing innovative opportunities for Londoners with autism to transition from school/college towards and into employment. In our first 6 years we have supported over 100 individuals from 14 boroughs and have developed four leading employment focused projects. All participants…
Carlton Hill Community Nursery
Childcare on Non Domestic Premises
Provides early learning for children aged 3 & 4 years We're located in Maida Vale, providing care and education for children from birth to 5 years. We're open 8am to 6pm, 51 weeks a year.
86 Carlton HillMaida ValeLondonNW8 0ER
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406020
|
__label__wiki
| 0.798755
| 0.798755
|
Florida Trails
With thousands of miles of trails to explore, Florida is a top destination for outdoor recreation
Our information is organized by regions, public lands, travel destinations, and by topic.
Hiking Biking Paddling Equestrian ALL TRAILS
Beaches in Florida
City Parks in Florida
County Parks in Florida
Florida State Forests
Military Reservations
National Estuarine Research Reserves
National Forests in Florida
National Wildlife Refuges
Springs in Florida
Water Management Areas
Wetlands Parks
Wildlife & Environmental Areas
Our Trail Books Our Top Trail Destinations Interactive Trails Map
Sandra Friend and John Keatley at De Leon Springs (Georgia Turner)
We’re Sandra Friend and John Keatley, the authors behind this website. For more than twenty years, we’ve been exploring Florida’s outdoors with the intent of collecting and sharing information with readers, first in magazine and newspaper articles, and later in guidebooks. These are our most current editions.
What you see on this website is where we’ve been. Less than a dozen articles have been contributed by others. We personally enjoy hiking, biking, and paddling and continue to pile on the miles annually. Since Sandra is from Ocala and was riding as a teenager, we also provide information on equestrian trails as a courtesy to the equestrian community, which shares trails with hikers and cyclists in multi-use areas.
Our Top Ten Trail Destinations
We’re always asked which trails we love the best. It’s tough to narrow those down. What we’ve done throughout the website is provide lists of “bests” and “favorites” under various categories, to give you a starting point to the trails you shouldn’t miss. Since it’s pretty much impossible to come up with just ten trails we’d consider tops in Florida, we’ve put together a list of destinations in Florida where you should sample as many of the trails as possible.
1. The Florida Trail
Long bridge west of Porter Lake, Apalachicola section of the Florida Trail
The Florida Trail spans more than 1,400 miles across Florida, encompassing hundreds of individual locations to hike, and lengthy segments that are simply superb, like the Ocala, Suwannee, and Eglin sections. It’s our National Scenic Trail, and it’s been around for more than 50 years. It’s also the top destination for backpackers in Florida. Sandra has completed all of it. She’s been writing guidebooks to the trail since 2001, when she took over an existing guidebook and improved it to launch the Florida Trail Official Guide with Westcliffe Publishers. We now produce our own guide to the trail, The Florida Trail Guide, and a related app through Atlas Guides / Guthook Guides. In 2018, Sandra was presented a Lifetime Achievement Award by the Florida Trail Association.
2. Florida Coast to Coast Trail
While it’s still a work in progress, the Coast to Coast Trail gets closer to closing the gaps every year. John is very excited about this state-spanning paved bike path, which stretches from our home in Titusville on the Atlantic Coast to St. Petersburg on the Gulf Coast. The route is more than 250 miles. We’re knocking it off a bit at a time.
3. Cross Florida Greenway
Like the Florida Trail, the Cross Florida Greenway is not an individual trail but a set of them, running parallel through this linear conservation area to provide hiking, biking, and equestrian users separate experiences. For cyclists, the Santos Trails are the top off-road destination in Florida. You can paddle here, too, with connectivity to the Rainbow River, Withlacoochee River, and Silver River surrounding Ocala.
4. Ocean-to-Lake Hiking Trail
A 62-mile spur off the Florida Trail through the wilds of Palm Beach and Martin Counties, the Ocean-to-Lake Hiking Trail restores your faith in keeping a portion of this rapidly urbanizing region wild. On this hike, you’ll experience a microcosm (or as our friend Mary says, a fractal) of everything the Florida Trail has to offer along its length.
5. Orlando Wetlands Park
A flock of roseate spoonbills along Osprey Blvd at Orlando Wetlands Park
Providing miles of levees to ride or walk and three different connection points with the Florida Trail, which circles around it on adjacent public lands, Orlando Wetlands Park is a man-made facility in Christmas. It is a textbook example of how using natural processes for water treatment creates both wildlife habitat and recreational opportunities, and other wetlands parks around Florida have been modeled on its success.
6. Circle B Bar Reserve
Characterized by levees and impoundments restoring wetlands on former ranchland near Lakeland, Circle B Bar Reserve is one of Florida’s best places for birding and alligator spotting. With a variety of trails of many lengths, some of which remain in shady oak hammocks, it’s a destination for hikers of all abilities, and for cyclists who can also connect to the Fort Fraser Trail out the back gate.
7. Myakka River State Park
There are a handful of places where you can stand in the middle of a vast prairie in Florida and see nothing but natural surroundings, but a hike on the Myakka Hiking Trail puts you out in this vastness on a gentle, well-cared for footpath. Myakka River State Park also boasts what was the state’s orginal canopy walk, a boardwalk for birding along the Myakka River, great camping, and some of the biggest alligators you’ll see anywhere.
8. Withlacoochee State Forest
Withlacoochee River at Hog Island
The biggest state forest in the Florida peninsula, Withlacoochee State Forest is made up of scattered tracts between Dunnellon and Dade City, all with a single theme: connectivity to this north-flowing river, either along its banks or its tributaries. Of these, Richloam, Croom, and especially Citrus – home to the Citrus Hiking Trail, one of Florida’s longest loop hikes – are beloved of hikers for their backpacking loops, established in the 1970s by the Florida Trail Association.
9. Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park
Encompassing one of Florida’s most memorable natural landforms, a vast bowl on which Gainesville perches on the rim, Paynes Prairie is an eternal engima: sometimes marsh, sometimes lake, never still. It’s here we’ve seen flocks of white pelicans and roseate spoonbills, wild horses and bison, an array of purple blooms and of water lilies stretching to the horizon, and more alligators than we could count. Of the trails laced through it, our favorite is the Gainesville-Hawthorne State Trail, which starts west from Boulware Springs with a rollicking ride through terrain shaped by sinkholes.
10. Big Cypress Swamp & the Everglades
Hiking in Fakahatchee Strand Preserve
While Everglade National Park draws visitors from around the globe, we find its next-door neighbor, Big Cypress National Preserve (aka the Western Everglades) to be even more fascinating. But the Big Cypress Swamp is not contained in just one park. It spreads out across a million acres of Southwest Florida, from its rain-fed beginnings near Okaloacoochee Slough State Forest, seeping in a sheetflow equal to the majesty of the Everglades but instead of through open prairies, concentrated in majestic strand swamps. In these humid incubators, bromeliads and orchids and ferns and all sorts of wildflowers and wildlife thrive. There are dozens of places to sample a bit of the Big Cypress, from the boardwalks of Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary and Six Mile Cypress Slough Preserve to biking and hiking trails in Collier-Seminole State Park, Picayune Strand State Forest, the glorious Fakahatchee Strand Preserve, and the trails of the national park itself, including 30 rugged and surreal miles along the Florida Trail.
Of course, we’ll recommend you visit Everglades National Park as well, because the sweeping vistas off the Main Park Road south of Homestead and at Shark Valley are definitely worth the drive. The trails here, however, are much shorter, with the exception of the Wilderness Waterway, the famed 99-mile paddling route along the mangrove coast. Our favorite trail at Everglades National Park is the short immersion in the tropical hammock at Pinelands Nature Trail, but if you’ve never been to the park, be sure to stop at the Anhinga Trail and Gumbo Limbo Trail at Royal Palm Hammock. Other habitat showcases include the Pa-Hay-Okee Overlook and West Lake. One big change to Everglades over the course of our lifetimes: we’ve watched mangroves – following saltwater intrusion from sea level rise – march north through the park until now they can be found along the entrance boardwalk to the Mahogany Hammock Trail. For an immersion into the mangrove forest on foot, take the Snake Bight Trail out to Florida Bay.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406024
|
__label__wiki
| 0.712989
| 0.712989
|
Calgarypuck Forums - The Unofficial Calgary Flames Fan Community > Main Forums > The Back Burner: The Stockton Heat and Flames Prospects Forum
2019-20 NCAA Prospects General Discussion Thread
Hockey-and_stuff
Send a private message to Hockey-and_stuff
Find More Posts by Hockey-and_stuff
Lanny or not Lanny?
Had a chance to watch Pettersen live against ASU. Nice hands and vision, but doesn’t move the puck with the authority required at the NHL level. Also is not a great skater. Was really surprised by this as his highlight packages always seemed to make him out to be a good skater, but he looked slow even compared to the other college players. Still a big work in progress.
Last edited by New Era; 12-07-2019 at 09:56 PM.
Send a private message to New Era
Find More Posts by New Era
getbak
It's been a few weeks since I've done a weekend round-up. Today, all the teams played early games, so their weekends are over already.
Here's the catch-up since November 17...
The Sun Devils had a couple weeks off after their trip to Alaska and returned to action last week.
Last week, they hosted Vermont, winning 2-1 on Friday and skating to a 2-2 tie on Saturday.
This week, they hosted Denver, with tonight's game being played at the Gila River Arena rather than their usual home arena that holds less than 1000 spectators. The Sun Devils won Friday's game 4-1 (their first ever win against a top-5 ranked program), and Saturday's game was a 2-2 tie.
https://twitter.com/user/status/1203172846630924289
Koumontzis did not get any points in the last two weeks worth of games.
After their blistering 8-0 start, the Pioneers have hit a skid over their last 8 games. They are 1-4-3 in the last month.
Two weeks ago, they hosted Western Michigan. They lost the first game 2-1 and won the second 6-1. Pettersen had 2 assists in the victory.
Last week, they were off for Thanksgiving. As mentioned above, this weekend, they made the trip to Arizona to face the Sun Devils. Friday's game was a 4-1 loss. Saturday's was a 2-2 tie. Denver tied the game with 41 seconds left. Pettersen had the lone assist on the tying goal.
Pettersen now has 13 points in 16 games (2G/11A) and leads the Pioneers in points and assists.
The Spartans have played 6 games since I last updated this thread. They have put up a decent 3-2-1 record in those games. All against top-20 ranked programs.
Two weeks ago, MSU hosted Notre Dame and played to a 1-1 tie and a 3-2 win in the series. Nodler had 1 assist in the game they won.
Last week, MSU visited Ohio State, losing both games. The final scores were 3-1 and 2-0. Nodler had no points.
This week, the Spartans hosted Wisconsin and swept the series with a 3-0 victory on Friday and a 5-4 OT win on Saturday. Nodler was again kept off the score sheet.
Mitch Mattson did not play in any of the above games. He only has 4 games played on the season and hasn't played in a game since November 9.
Last week was the first time since the season began that ASU has appeared in the top 20 of the USCHO.com college rankings. Their win and tie this weekend over one of the top programs should see them move up a bit. Conversely, Denver could drop some more. They were ranked 4th last week.
MSU squeaked into the top 20 two weeks ago, but dropped out last week. Their two wins over Wisconsin should see them back in the rankings this week.
Next week, there will again only be two series to pay attention to as the Sun Devils will be travelling to East Lansing to face the Spartans. Denver has a home-and-home series against their cross-state rivals of Colorado College.
Remember that next Friday's game will be broadcast across Canada on TSN2 at 7:00pm MT.
Turn up the good, turn down the suck!
The Following 4 Users Say Thank You to getbak For This Useful Post:
bigrangy, Calgary4LIfe, Francis's Hairpiece, greentree
Send a private message to getbak
Find More Posts by getbak
Originally Posted by New Era
Did you happen to notice Koumontzis at all for ASU?
No. The only guys that stood out for ASU were Walker and DeBrouwer.
sureLoss
Some kinda newsbreaker!
Location: Learning Phaneufs skating style
Media from: @NHLGIFs, @Sportsnet960, @NHL, @NHLFlames
Last edited by sureLoss; 12-14-2019 at 09:44 PM.
The Following 5 Users Say Thank You to sureLoss For This Useful Post:
BeltlineFan, Calgary4LIfe, Francis's Hairpiece, Savvy27, Textcritic
Send a private message to sureLoss
Find More Posts by sureLoss
Again, it's been a while since I've updated the thread. With the holidays, I haven't missed much...
MSU has only played one series since I last updated. It was the weekend of December 13th, when ASU visited East Lansing. ASU won the first game 4-3 and MSU won the second games 1-0 in OT. None of the Flames prospects had any points in either game. Mattson did get to play in both games that weekend, which is the first time he has played both games in a two-game series since the end of January, last season.
The Spartans return to action tomorrow afternoon, when they face Michigan Tech in the first game of the Great Lakes Invitational tournament at Little Caesars Arena in Detroit. They will also play on Tuesday against either Michigan or Ferris State, depending on who wins tomorrow's games (winner of Game 1 plays the winner of Game 2 and the losers of the first two games play each other too).
Denver has also had a quiet couple of weeks over the holidays.
Their last games were the weekend of December 13th, when the played a home-and-home series against Colorado College. The Pioneers won both games, 3-0 and 3-1. Pettersen had 1G/1A in the 3-0 victory and 1A in the 3-1 game.
In 18 games played, Pettersen has 3G/13A for 16 total points. He leads Denver in both assists and points at the Christmas break.
The Pioneers return to action next weekend when UMass visits Denver.
The Sun Devils have been the most-active team in the NCAA over the holidays. They likely wish they would have taken the time off.
As mentioned above, they visited MSU two weekends ago and split the series with a 4-3 win and a 1-0 OT loss.
Last weekend, they took a trip to Nebraska-Omaha. Again, they split the series, winning 5-4 on Saturday and losing 8-4 on Sunday.
This weekend, they took a trip to Southern California to play Harvard at the Ducks' practice rink in Irvine, CA. They lost 4-1 on Saturday and tied today 4-4 (they lost in 3-on-3 OT -- but the NCAA doesn't count that, so it goes in the books as a tie).
Unfortunately, Koumontzis has been pretty quiet recently. He had no points in any of the six games mentioned above. He hasn't had a point since his 2 point game on November 9 in Alaska.
The Sun Devils are back in action on Saturday, for a weekend series against Michigan Tech.
442scotty, bubbsy, Francis's Hairpiece, TheIronMaiden
It was revenge weekend for Denver, who hosted UMass, the team that defeated them in the Frozen Four last year.
Denver won both games, 4-2 on Friday and 4-3 on Saturday. Pettersen assisted on the GWG in both games. He also added a goal on Saturday. At the time, it tied the game at 2.
ASU also played on Saturday night, and also won 4-3 (over Michigan Tech). It was another night with no points for Koumontzis. The two teams play again tomorrow afternoon.
Earlier in the week, MSU participated in the Great Lakes Invitational tournament at Little Caesars Arena. They lost the first game 4-2 to Michigan Tech. Nodler had an assist in the game. The next day, they played Ferris State and won 5-2. Nodler didn't have any points in that game.
Mattson didn't play in either game.
Calgary4LIfe, Francis's Hairpiece, KootenayFlamesFan, TheIronMaiden
For the first time in a long time, all the Flames prospects were in action this weekend.
MSU played host to Minnesota, splitting the weekend series. The Spartans won 4-1 on Friday and lost 2-0 on Saturday. Mattson played in both games and has still yet to registered his first college point. Nodler also played in both games and was kept off the scoresheet again.
ASU has been playing their games on Saturday-Sunday instead of Friday-Saturday over the last month. They did the same this week with a visit to Brown. They won 3-1 on Saturday. On Sunday, they trailed 3-0 halfway through the game. Then, they mounted a solid comeback to force OT. They won in OT for a 4-3 final. Koumontzis finally got a point, picking up an assist on the GWG. It was his first point since November 9.
Denver continued its winning ways this weekend as they hosted St Cloud State. Friday was a 6-3 victory and they won on Saturday 5-3. Pettersen was held without a point in Friday's game, but scored both the GWG and EN insurance goal on Saturday. It was the first multi-goal game of his college career.
Pettersen now has 6 goals on the season, which is third-best on the team. He has 21 points in 22 games and leads the team in both assists and points.
All three teams are back in action on Friday. ASU is home to play RIT; MSU is on the road in Wisconsin; and Denver is taking a trip to Nebraska-Omaha.
Koumontzis does all the hard work on the OTGWG.
Eddie Lack sighting.
bigrangy, Francis's Hairpiece
TheIronMaiden
Location: ATCO Field, Section 201
Pronman released his midseason prospects rankings. Pettersen was the only Flames to make the list.
60. Mathias Emilio Pettersen, LW, Calgary (Denver-NCHC)
April 3, 2000 | 5-foot-10 | 172 pounds
Drafted: 167th-overall (2018)
Previous ranking: No. 106
Skating: 60
Puck Skills: 60
Physical Game: 30
Hockey Sense: 65
Pettersen has been a driver for a top team in Denver this season. He’s a player full of skill and offensive IQ. He makes high-end plays consistently and has the mind to try things others don’t. The main reason the former sixth-round pick by Calgary has seen his stock rise is the addition of speed and pace to his game he didn’t have in junior. Pettersen hits the line with speed and can turn defenders around. He’s small and not an overly physical player, but with the puck and on the power play, he provides a lot of value.
https://theathletic.com/1529144/2020...pects-ranking/
The Following User Says Thank You to TheIronMaiden For This Useful Post:
Francis's Hairpiece
Send a private message to TheIronMaiden
Find More Posts by TheIronMaiden
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406031
|
__label__wiki
| 0.621541
| 0.621541
|
Paul McKeever on Andy Oudman’s Live Drive (1290 CJBK) re: college strike
Bill 178, which put an end to a five-week-old job action by college instructors and mandated binding mediation-arbitration, was approved by Liberals and Progressive Conservatives (opposed by the NDP). The Toronto Sun would later report that “about 27,500 of the roughly 250,000 full-time students decided to withdraw and receive a tuition refund rather than finishing their semester on a condensed timeline.” Other students reportedly would have to work quite hard to survive the first term of their school year once classes resumed. On November 20, 2017, college instructors returned to work. On The Live Drive program (NewsTalk 1290AM CJBK, London, Ontario) with host Andy Oudman, Paul McKeever, leader, Freedom Party of Ontario, was interviewed about the the problem of college strikes that occur during the school year.
Listen to the conversation:
McKeever Excerpt:
https://freedomparty.on.ca/archive/audio/2017-11-20.CJBKam1290-AndyOudman-CollegeStrike-FPleaderPaulMcKeever.mp3
Entire Recording:
https://freedomparty.on.ca/archive/audio/2017-11-20.CJBKam1290-AndyOudman-CollegeStrike-COMPLETE.mp3
Tagged with: education, unions
Robert Metz in London Free Press: New Election Sign By-law
All, Newspaper Clipping
On September 10, 2017, Jennifer Bieman of the London Free Press wrote a report concerning a new municipal by-law in London, Ontario that will prohibit candidates from putting their signs less than 10′ apart. Robert Metz was interviewed about his views on the by-law. Continue reading »
Tagged with: election
Open letter to MPPs re: Nathalie Des Rosiers’ “Islamophobia” motion
All, FPO Open Letters
“Tomorrow, the Ontario legislature will debate a motion introduced by Ottawa-Vanier MPP Nathalie Des Rosiers. I am writing to you to explain why Des Rosiers’ Islamophobia motion should not be supported in its current form…” Click here to read the full media release.
Tagged with: racism, religion and government
Robert Metz on The Tom McConnell Show re: Uber and taxi monopolies
On The Tom McConnell Show (CJBK-AM 1290 London, and CKTB-AM 610 St. Catharines) Freedom Party President Robert Metz called-in to join the discussion about the taxi industry, and its attempt to promote a monopoly on transportation – a monopoly that ultimately would exclude Uber – by pretending that taxis offer a level of safety not offered by Uber. Metz is particularly critical of taxi monopoly advocate Roger Caranci, with whom he and Freedom Party have had run-ins in the past (among other things, Metz ran against Caranci in the 1999 Ontario provincial general election, in which Caranci was the Liberal candidate in the riding of London North Centre).
Metz Excerpt:
https://freedomparty.on.ca/archive/audio/2017-02-15.CJBKam1290-TomMcConnell-onUBER-RMetzExcerpt.mp3
https://freedomparty.on.ca/archive/audio/2017-02-15.CJBKam1290-TomMcConnell-RogerCaranci-RMetz-callers-onUBER.mp3
Tagged with: protectionism, transportation
Paul McKeever on The Andrew Lawton Show re: Sanctuary Cities
On 27 January President Donald Trump signed an executive order halting all refugee admissions and temporarily barring people from seven Muslim-majority countries: Syria, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Sudan, Yemen, and Somalia. On January 29, 2017, 6 Muslim men were murdered by gunshot while praying in a Quebec mosque. On January 30, 2017, London Ontario councillor Tanya Parks introduced a motion that asked City staff to (a) work with a city hall diversity committee and come back to council with “the appropriate arrangements” for making London a “sanctuary city”; and (b) have the mayor and staff talk to the federal government about London’s continued commitment to accept refugees from the seven countries under Trump’s temporary ban. The motion received unanimous support from all London councillors, including Councillor Phil Squire who told the media “My concern is, what is a sanctuary city?”. On February 1, 2017, Freedom Party leader Paul McKeever was a guest of The Andrew Lawton show (AM980, London), and he explained that, essentially, a sanctuary city is a city that adopts a policy of harbouring people who are in the country illegally; who lack refugee, immigrant, or citizen status. McKeever explained that, in his view, cities have no lawful authority to make themselves sanctuary cities. Cities that declare themselves to be sanctuary cities are effectively arrogating to themselves refugee and immigration policy-making powers, and undermining federal refugee and immigration policy. The costs and risks to the public are numerous and expensive.
https://freedomparty.on.ca/archive/audio/2017-02-01.CFPLam980-AndrewLawton-SanctuaryCities-PaulMcKeever.mp3
https://freedomparty.on.ca/archive/audio/2017-02-01.CFPLam980-AndrewLawton-SanctuaryCities-PaulMcKeever-COMPLETE.mp3
Tagged with: health care, immigration and refugees
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406033
|
__label__cc
| 0.618519
| 0.381481
|
Car Forums / General
What was your first car? What happened to it?
rea98d Posts: 982
So what did the florida wholesaler get for it :-)
txmarko Posts: 1
My first car was purchased from a coworker back in 1978. It was a 1971 Chevy Chevelle Super Sport, Silver with black stripes. It had a 454 with mechanical lifters (425 HP stock), a 4:11 posi rear end, and a shift-kitted TH400 tranny. I was going in the Army after high school, and I was just killing time with my job, so I spent my college money on this car ($1700) and got it professionally repainted and all rust removed ($700). It would turn heads and smoke the tires on command. I LOVED that car, complete with AM/FM/8-Track and a pair of Jensen Triaxials.
After going in the Army, my sister hit on hard times, and she needed a car. My Mom was scared to death of my Chevelle (she drove it once or twice and hated the way people always wanted to race). My Mom and Dad asked if they could trade my car in for one for my sister, with the promise they would help me get a NEW car when I got out of Army schooling. I foolishly agreed.
My parents traded my car straight across for a Datsun B210 for my sister (remember the gas crisis?). I ended up getting a new 1978 Toyota Celica GT (another great, fun car), but I never got over the Chevelle.
I finally bought a 1970 Chevelle about 6 years ago, and it sits in my garage, waiting for warmer weather. Its not as awesome as my original (which today would be worth $$$$$), but it turns heads and tires all the same.
Thanks for listening.....
spokane Posts: 514
First car with 425 HP! I needed several years to accumulate that much HP ... and it was probably spread across my first five cars.
Tough luck, txmarko, you may never be able to work back up to the level at which you started. I knew there had to be something good about my starting with that tired 80 HP Studebaker.
niteshft Posts: 2
Back in 1970 some guy bought a '63 plymouth fury sport convertable for his daughter. Fixed it up real nice- she went past her curfew and he put it on a lot- $150.00! I stumbled across it on my way to buy an old chysler for $300. White with red interior. 318 engine with push button trany.Learned to change the oil and the starter on that car (almost as often!). would love to have it back. My wife to be took out 50 ft. of guard rail on I-89 with it. No damage to her. They knew how to build 'em.
fjw2 Posts: 15
I didn't know how to drive then, I just knew one day I'll buy me an MG and cruise just take off. My neighbors fixes and sell cars. MG was what one guys was driving in high scool.
But when I met my first boyfriend at 19, and finally got my first job, he taught me how to drive and went car shopping. I was attracted to the 'danger' look of the '67 Fastback Mustang, so I bought it for $900. It was the same style that Steve McQueen drove in the movie 'Bullitt'. I drove it from Oregon to California three times, and back. I watched the odometer went to 000000.
It was amazing! The only thing I hated about the car was when I drove my mom to work, I have to warm it up for a long time while I sat there shivering in my fur coat!
My husband was having problem with the car after we've had it for three years. He sold it for $300 to a guy who collect classics but couldn't get it to run for a couple years. (We were lucky to be able to drive it there to get the money, but we were in touch with him after it was sold and he told us he couldn't get it to work, still.)
Every time I see a turqouise Stang out there, same style and color, I get depressed. Now that I have so much money, I COULD HAVE BOUGHT A NEW ENGINE and fixed it up good.
Our 8th car is now a yellow '00 BMW M Roadster. You KNOW WE'LL BE KEEPING THIS ONE FOR LIFE!
My husband and I have to agree that we drive it every other week, and take turns! He doesn't get angry if I have lunch or have an affair, but he gets really pissed if I drove it when it's not my turn! I guess, it's like your first love, you will never forget your first car.
hok1 Posts: 8
Sorry, never found out what the dealer paid. This car had a great exterior and well kept interior. (the rust was all underneath) I still can't believe that this happened. (I'm so naive)
mmcsw Posts: 29
283cid 195 hp V-8, three on the tree, manual everything. In the engine compartment there was the engine, battery, radiator, and NOTHING else. Paid $200 for it 1976, then put a $300 stereo in it. Well you got to have your priorities straight.
Sold it to friend for a $100 when I joined the service. The frame was rusted out in the area of the transmission crossmember. If you let the clutch out too fast the engine would torque ever and the fan blades would hit the radiator shroud, still ran good though.
bigm1 Posts: 10
The Good - 1963 Ford Falcon - 16 years old and purchased my 1st car from a little old librarian. 260 V8 with a 2 sp automatic. Great looking car - Black with a white convertible top and a red vinyl interior. Immaculate shape when I sold it 1 year later to my sister since she needed a car and I wanted a manual transmission. After several fender benders, she sold it to a body guy. He re-leaded the areas that needed repair (no bondo), and rolled it several years later when it had +100K.
The Bad - 1965? BMW 1800 - I've only seen 1 other. This was a 4 door, but I had my manual transmission. A friend of my fathers helped test drive it. He was into racing and taught me to heel/toe. Big mistake - I thought this was the way to drive all the time. This car was a mechanical nightmare. When it ran, it was great, but that never lasted for more than a few weeks. It had a 6 volt electrical system and not many mechanics back then had metric tools. Blew fuses consistently. Parts had to be flown in from Germany and cost way too much. Wouldn't start when the weather was anywhere near freezing. Finally blew the engine. Dear old Dad bailed me out of that one. He paid to get it fixed (used 1600 engine, brakes, exhaust, etc), and then quickly sold it. Probably lost more on that car than any I've ever had since.
The Ugly - 1971? Pinto (1st year they made them)- Ugly mustard yellow color, but a wonderful car. Cost $2,100 new with the 2000 engine and the optional disk brakes. Installed an 8 track in it. Ran the heck out of it. Had a lot of friends with Pintos and we called them our racing Pintos. Never had a mechanical problem. Drove it on trips all over the country. That car gets a lot of bad press, but my friends that had them still talk about them affectionately.
johnedod Posts: 4
My 1st car was a 1970 Plymouth Barracuda, given to me by my older brother who had it for a parts car. It was yellow, 383 with automatic on the column, and had been hit in the front end. Went to the junkyard, got a front clip, (black) and proudly drove this thing to school every day. Eventually painted it red with black stripes ('cuda style) and put a slap stick shifter with console in the floor. Kept it for awhile, then traded even with my brother in law for a 1968 mustang 289 automatic.
denniswade Posts: 362
First car I inherited from my Dad was a '56 Karmann Ghia. It was lavendar and white (it was originally my sister's car). Two weeks after having it resprayed Coronado Red (that gorgeous deep red they used for Corvairs) I got into the marbles at 70 mph and rolled it.
First car I bought myself (to replace the KG) was a '57 DeSoto convertible with the huge fins and 330 hemi. Really cool car. When I left home to go to college I sold it to another young guy who promptly drove it into a tree. I think he survived without a scratch (the car and tree didn't).
sgaines1 Posts: 44
This was mine. Bought it in July of '96 for $1700 off an old guy who was getting cataracts. Texas car, so almost no rust. Drove it to MD with no problems except for a dead battery. It started to take a lot more work after that. It was a beautiful car, lt. blue with dk. blue interior. Low slung, outrageously long, and so comfortable. Most of the modern conveniences, a/c, am/fm, power windows, cruise control. Most people either mocked the 'ghetto cruiser' or offered to buy it. I did get mauled by some stupid woman who pulled out into rush hour traffic, and left a huge black scar all the way down the passenger side, crushing in the door. I never got around to fixing it because... It had a 451 Cleveland which ran on 7 cylinders for a little over a year until I paid $2500 for a valve job and head replacement. Of course, right after that the camshaft warped and machined out the bottom of the engine on the Beltway. Sounded like a coffee can full of bolts, and looked like a scene from some war movie with coolant streaming down my window, and steam coming out from under the hood. It sat at my mechanics while he looked for a new engine, and I eventually said the hell with it, and used the wreck for a trade in on a '96 Bonneville. I did have him take off the front panel (grill,headlights, etc.), which is in my bedroom.I felt like I betrayed it by not taking care of it, but $8000 in just under 2 yrs. was way beyond what I could put up with.
Yeah, those old guys like their Cadillacs!
Those old Mercs were cool, and some were seriously fast. My buddy had a Merc station wagon he used to humiliate kids with.
nrd525 Posts: 109
My first car was a 74 Roadrunner,one of the very last ones made before they got really ugly and slow.I ordered it in April of 74,and it finally,after a Green Satellite Sebring was sent in June,it arrived with a bunch of the ugly '75's in mid September.It was supposed to have a 440 in it,but it had the good 360 instead.
It ran ok,but not right,the dealer found out it had the wrong fuel pump on it,and once they changed it,it ran good.Eventually,I did some stuff to it,and it ran a 13.97 at the strip.It also broke the weak Duster rear end in it.A 8+3/4 was swapped in,and my problems were over.
After 4 years of it,I stupidly traded it in on a 77 Dodge Power Wagon,a total piece of trash.It was a never ending parts eater.
I had someone run the VIN for me,and it said the car was still around.It was registered in a pretty hi buck area of town,so I had a friend go and drive by,since I don't live there anymore.He turned on to the street,and it was coming towards him.He said it looked perfect,and rumbled pretty loud when it passed him.
He followed it to a strip mall,and asked the guy who got out about it.It has the 440 now,with leather interior!Its still silver w/red stripes,and has big wheels and tires.The guy had finished restoring it about six months ago.
Damn,I wish I had it back...
wildpony Posts: 1
My first car was (after learning to drive in my Mom's plymouth voyager with broken struts, and them an 86 Lincoln town car)was a 1990 Mustang GT convertible in red with a black top. It was all stock and I fixed it up pretty nice.
I still have it, but that's probably b/c I'm only 19 and between the loan/insurance/gas and parts, I'll be paying it back for the next ten years. Well, that and, it'll always be my baby...=O)
98monte_ls Posts: 117
A 1974 Olds Delta 88 coupe inherited from mom. I got rid of it in 1985 with over 100K on the odo, I think 114,000. I traded it in the dealer, so it is probably recycled as a tin can by now. I doubt it is still around.
It had a lot of rust on the bottoms of the doors and rear quarters, but ran strong with the "Rocket 350" engine.
I'd love to own a convertible version of that car because they're very rare today and classics.
mcsap Posts: 15
I located a 70 Coronet 2 door with a toasted 383 sitting in a back yard in Greaty Falls, MT while there in the USAF in 1979. I looked all over town for another big block, any big block. At a foreign car dealer at the maingate to the base was sitting an old 72 Dodge Monaco Highway Patrol Car. The paint was bad, weeds were grown up all around it, there were old diapers on the floor. Under the hood I found a mice nest in the carb. The dealer said it had been sitting at least a year and the A/C had been taken off. We got some starting fluid out and in a few minutes had it going. I paid $250 for the whole thing and towed it away.
We towed the Coronet in, junked the 383 and inserted the 440. The Coronet 2 door red ext, white interior shined up real nice. The car idled so rough (cam as I found out) that the mirrors were all but useless. No other mods, showing 92,000 on the Monaco clock she ran great and as I pulled out I quickly realized someone had also put a rock hard shift kit in it. It just banged from one gear to the next with "fury"!
At 5 to 6 mpg I had a Mopar that was really too fast. Gas was 60 cents a gallon and I loved to leave the base and cross over the big white line off of Gov't property and just dump it. Every time I came back I was doing a nice 25 mph on base. What a car. I sold it to pick up a Cherry 66 Fairlane 53k from the original owner 289, which I drove home to PA in 2 days. Those were the days.
jres Posts: 69
My first car was a 69 volvo 142. I inherited it in 82 and had it for about a year. It had no power steering, but it did have a huge steering wheel which gave the driver plenty of leverage and I often had people amazed that I could parallel park using only one hand.
We finally gave it up due to escalating mechanical needs, we traded it to a friend of mine for a complete set of the Ian fleming James bond books. He had it for another year or two before it completly self destructed.
Pulpfictionado Posts: 9
it was in the Junkyard by 1990
I've driven 4 cars in not even two years
mdelrosso Posts: 18
My first car was a '62 Nova with the 6 cyl engine I got in '71, one cold night the accelerator pedal fell through the floor pan.Put a piece of plywood in the hole & it was good as new.(Hay that's what new Corvettes are made from). Car got fried in a fire though. Next was a '65 Impala sport coupe,white with red interior loved it 'cept one day my 2 speed turned into a 1 speed & I sent it to the crusher.
ksm1 Posts: 17
My first car was a 1969 Mustang Sportroof (fastback). I bought it for $1,100 in 1980 when I was 16. I don't think there was an exterior panel on that car that did not have a scratch or ding in it. The interior was great as was the engine.
One of my memories of that car were that the heater/defroster did not work so this car would fog up on the inside requireing me to drive and wipe the windows at the same time. As I couldn't wipe the back window from the drivers seat, backing up could be interesting! Once on a foggy morning I backed out of a parking space ... into a police car. I rolled down the window, heard laughing and almost died when I saw two cops rolling with laughter. They waved me on my way.
I sold the car after three years to my sisters 16 year old friend. Her parents immediately had the bodywork done and a repaint etc. She, however never checked the oil or anything and it died a quick death in her hands.
cooksterdog Posts: 9
Hey folks! It has been some time since I last posted, but want to know. What is your current ride compared to your first one? Sort of like what was your first girlfreind/boyfriend? I am now driving Jeeps exclusively, and love to explore still. It has been a long way since that 49 Pontiac I lost my virginity in!
Current ride Vs. first ride?
Let's see, Current ride, "Patsy" is a 95 Ford Thunderbird with 205 horsepower, 281 CID V-8, 1,000 pounds less weight, an air conditioner that works, a driver's window that rolls down (without the drivier pushing on it from the top), 27.5 MPG highway, flimsy plastic bumpers, and looks like everything else on the road.
First ride? One light green 1978 Mercury Grand Marquis with a 153 horsepower 400 CID V-8 (gotta love 1970's emissions controls), no air, the drivers window was operated by a hand pushing down on it, a horn that occasionally satyed on when you released the button, got 12.5 MPG highway the only time I was brave enough to calculate it, had enough room to relocate a family of pachyderms, a massive chrome bumper that was known to give broken down Chevys a loving nudge outta the way, and more steel than Pittsburg's NFL franchise. My T-Bird is a more practical daily driver, but I hung on to the mercury, figuring I'll eventually rebuild the enigne minus the obsolete, ineffective emissions controls, add a computer controled EFI, and see if I can't get some decent numbers out of that engine. But first I'll have to concentrate on finishing college ;-)
republican Posts: 11
My first car was a 1969 Buick Skylark. I bought it when I was 18 and right out of high school. It was green and had a 6 cylinder motor in it I think it was a 283 but I am not sure. That car went over 110,000 miles. It was a darn good car.
speedshift Posts: 1,598
My first car was a 1960 Corvair four-door sedan. That was thirty years ago, and my social life still hasn't recovered.
mark156 Posts: 2,006
The first car I bought was in 1977 at age 19. it was a 1972 Dodge Charger, 33,000 miles, $1,400, brown with tan vinyl interior, forward half black vinyl top, hidden headlights, 8-track. It was an automatic with an eight cylinder engine (318). Then about a year later I sold it to my Dad when his '65 Valiant died. I then bought a '73 VW bus, automatic, 30,000 miles, $2,000, no power but lots of fun. I traded the Bus after 8 months on a new '79 Datsun 210, white with blue clothe, Listed for $5,500. (I was very proud of my first new car!) Then an '81 Olds Delta 88 diesel (junk), '84 Peugeot 505STI, '87 Maxima, '89 Maxima, '91 Mercedes 560SEL,'96 Jeep GC ltd, and currently a 99 Jeep GC ltd. QD and a '00 Mercedes E430 sport.
2010 Land Rover LR4, 2013 Honda CR-V, 2009 Bentley GTC, 1990 MB 500SL, 2001 MB S500, 2007 Lincoln TC, 1964 RR Silver Cloud III, 1995 MB E320 Cab., 2015 Prevost Liberty Coach
ndance Posts: 323
My first car (bought in 1976) was a 1970 Boss 302 Mustang. Grabber blue, rear spoiler, louvers, flat hood, $1800, headers, Minilite wheels (15x8's I think). Sold to finance the next muscle car, which in turn was sold to buy the next, etc... Thought I had found it for sale on the net but turned out that that car (which looked identical) had been owned by a guy who had bought another Boss 302 from me (I think I said that right).
Pretty good all-around cars. They're not real fast but look cool and sound great. It always seemed to me that the build quality on 1969/1970 Mustangs was a lot better than Camaros and Cudas/Challengers of the era.
jabilda Posts: 47
My first car was a Bug - great car to learn stick on, wish I hadn't squashed it. I cracked a cylinder on it after going over a speed bump too fast (it was ready to go). Fondest memories were going to the shore w/o parents and the two inch whole in the floor board that would allow water inside. Had a monsoon night one night. Great car - wish I had one or could import one from Mexico. May buy the New Beetle - but not the same thing.
Car I first learned on? '65 Plymouth Fury with a Slant 6. Real dependable - my parent's car.
Second car - '68 Chevy Impala 305 - o.k. great back seat for my age (like a couch, used as a .... I'll let you fill in the rest!)
Cooper Posts: 55
Don't laugh. First car was a '74 Ford Pinto. Didn't even have carpeting. Had it from '76 to '79. Don't remember what happened to it.
Then, got my parent's '72 Plymouth Valiant Scamp with a 225 slant 6. Great engine, as the separate discussion topic shows.
Had that until I got my first new car in May 1983: VW Rabbit L. 1715 cc engine, last year with a carb, 4-speed. Neat little car.
ajvdh Posts: 223
I had the dubious privilege of piloting the family chariot for the first couple of years. 'Twas a 72 Fury with the 318 and towing package, which included a "heavy duty" suspension. The best thing about this boat was its uncanny resemblance to an unmarked cop car. Left lane bandits were not a problem.
My father had a temporary assignment in Italy, so they moved there for two years while I was in college, so I got sole use of the Fury. It did develop a fascinating problem - there was a fault in the wiring harness that would cause intermittent temporary electrical separation between the interior and underhood sections. When this happened, everything electrical would switch off, and the ignition switch was a dummy. No lights, horn, windshield wipers, etc.. And you couldn't turn off the motor. Chrysler issued a recall for this (go figure!).
My parents sold it to a neighbor when they bought their diesel Peugot (they wanted a diesel they could buy in US form in Italy, and bring back to the US). The neighbor drove it for a couple of years, then an engine mount let go and the cost of fixing it was more than the car was worth.
The first car I actually owned was a tennis-ball yellow '79 Civic 5 speed purchased a couple of months after I graduated college. A fun little beast that was one of the few '79s that could run on leaded gas. Quicker than it looked and dead reliable too. I put on better shocks, stiffer and shorter springs, a bigger front sway bar and added a rear bar. And an Ansa exhaust.
Sold it after 6 years and 80,000 miles for about 1/2 of what I paid so I could buy an '85 T-bird Turbo (which depreciated 75% over the 6 years I owned it). I ran into the people I had sold it to a few years later, it was at 130,000 and still going strong.
impalakrzy Posts: 1
The year was 1982 and I was 15 1/2. My father always wanted a car when he turned 16 so he told me he would buy me a car within reason. He found this 66 Impala convertible at M&M Auto sales in Waldorf, MD. We went to look at it and it was love at first site. It had a Power pack 283/powerglide, 4 barrel carb, and duel exhaust.
I learned to drive in it, drove her to college, back and forth to work. She was my baby. I had an on the body restoration done to her. I loved the way heads turned when she went into the parking lot. I was getting high milage so I put another car on the road for a daily driver. I was given a 79 Transam with 6.6 litre engine. Would pass anything but a gas station. That was a money pit. LAter sold it and bought a new 94 Lumina and paid it off to buy my now current 2000 Impala LS (bought in May,1999). Now my LS is my daily driver and the convertible is my nice weekend car. Http://www.geocities.com/W_Bassett
you can see a picture.
badgerpaul Posts: 219
She's a beauty, identical to my second car, except mine has a red interior. I drove it for many years and finally put it away, my dad restored it and now uses it as his "go to the golf course" car.
cookie01 Posts: 369
I finished my college internship in 1986 and bought my first car, a 1982 Honda Accord hatchback (lt. blue) with 82,000 miles on it... Yeah, that's a lot for a four-year-old car. But my Mom trusted Hondas and I thought it was worth a try.
Only had one speaker, and the former driver must have been a "large" person cause the driver's seat tilted to one side quite a bit.
The VERY FIRST day I had it some lady in a huge boat backed into it at a McDonald's. Of course she had no insurance.
It ran pretty good, but no one told me I had to add water to the battery. I spend my first tax return on new battery and rotor. Sheesh.
What happened to it? I "loaned"/"gave" it to my fiance and when we broke up he took it with the promise to send me $2000 for it... Of course, I NEVER saw a dime.
rabidbowtie Posts: 29
1964 3-duece 389 Bonneville convertible. It's being restored.
crazcorkath Posts: 7
My first car was a 1959 Plymouth Savoy with a 3 speed on the column. I bought it for $35. It had a crushed rear fin, but it ran good.
Nice car! 4 speed or Hydro? Any options? I had a '61 Bonne convertible and a '63 Ventura.
It was fully loaded, pw, pb, ac, power antenna, power driver seat, big chrome vac gauge on the console and had the rare Pontiac spoke hubcaps. This one had a 4-speed hydramatic. There were 3 gears on the selector but low had 2 gears.
We had alot of old Pontiac stuff. My father used Pontiac engines in the race cars. There were alot of interesting performance parts laying around. He had 3 Pontiac convertibles over about 7 years. The 64 was one of them.
Excellent. A diehard-Pontiac buddy of mine found a 61 Bubble top Bonneville. He's looking at restoring it. It's alittle rough but all the pieces are there. You still have any vintage Pontiac stuff?
No, all I have left are a few shop manuals and the Q-Jet off a '69 Judge I had in the mid-80s. Old cars were more than a hobby for many years, but I had two life changes: a '68 Cougar, the last of many projects, I took a $5k hit on; and an urgent need to get on with my life. Got middle-aged, I guess. Just saw a '61 Catalina yesterday, still a sharp car. Always liked big cars with lots of power.
A Judge. Have you seen the prices on Judges lately?
Don't remind me. I traded a '67 GTO HO for it, then had a hard time selling it for $1500 in the late '80s. It was real--I documented it through Pontiac, back when they were still doing that. The problem, believe it or not, was that it was a column-shift automatic, not floor shift or 4 speed. The white vinyl top didn't help either, and it was missing the spoiler...and it had a small ding, and someone had cut a hole in a quarter panel for a CB antenna. But very clean and a strong runner--I beat a Six-Pak Challenger at the strip. That Ram Air III put out every one of its 366 horses. Handled well, too. One of my favorites.
teea318 Posts: 2
My first car was 1970 VW that I purchased for $1500.00 right after I graduated high school. White with red interior in excellent shape bought from an older gentleman. I sold it in 1985 to my fiancee at the time who inturn painted it candy apple red with mag wheels and beefed up the stero system in it. He sold it in 1990 for a van ..kids you know. The person who bought it who was older than the both of us sold it w/in a year to a young kid and I haven't seen it since. Many fond memories in that car.
jsylvester Posts: 572
Bought it in 1982 for $295 with about 92,000 miles from an old lady my Mother worked with. The reason it was only $295? It was broadsided by a teen on the driver's side, (never fixed, but very very drivable), and the passenger side had been hit by a school bus. I never filled the gas tank completely the whole time I owned it, and it averaged about 13 mpg for me, but it was completely indestructable. Accidentally put it in park coasting down a hill - locked up the tires and killed the engine. Started it back up, put it in gear - no damage.
When I was away at Parris Island for the Marine Corps in 1984, my sister drove it while home from college. Blew the radiator hose and drove it home, frying the valves. Car still ran. Brake master cylinder went out - still drove it, just pump the brakes. Heater went out next, still drove it with my head out the window. Was going to use a torch and cut the roof off as a homemade convertable the next summer - parents gave it away.
Currently drive a 2000 Intrepid R/T - miss the old Catalina, but it started my love affair with big American cars.
c43amg7 Posts: 32
Right out of college and a two year fellowship, was working on Hilton Head in 1972 -- bought a old orange Volkswagen Karmann Ghia (born sometime in the 60's) for $600. Great car if you ran it through the gears -- would go through any type of mud, water, etc. like a Jeep. However, I didn't realize that you had to do something other than just put gas in, and ran it until the oil was used up. Car seized up on the road coming back through the marshes from Savannah one night -- $300 and a rebuilt engine.
Drove it for another year and gave it to my brother to use at college when I went to England -- when I came back two years later, he had used up what remaining life was left in it and ended up trading the car straight-up for a hanging plant!
dishfish Posts: 4
my first car was a 36 ford coupe no heater paid 150.dollars for it. lived in country on dirt road no way you hang it up in mud traded for a 38 ford sedan I was 16 yrs.old when bought the first car
drivers license cost .50 cent then in mo.also no
dish fish
jlflemmons Posts: 2,242
Bought in '72 for $525. Had the 200ci six with 3spd standard on the floor. Car had 44K on it when I bought it. White with red interior. While it was a good looking car, it was an unreliable disaster. Brakes, clutch, electrics, and the vent pipe on the drivers side rusted out, so every time it rained it would dump water on your feet. After two years I sold it and later saw it coming down the road with no glass and a crooked top. A month later, the new owner rolled (again) it several times. I had sold it to him for $595. Bought a '67 Austin Healey Sprite (am I stupid, or what?) Sold it six months later after going broke trying to keep it on the road. But then, a real sweetie: 1973 Olds Cutlass S w/ 350 4bbl. Dualed it out using Walker Blue Continentals. Loud, fast, fun, and as reliable a car as ever went down the street. First new car was bought in '75, Olds Starfire, 231 V6 with 4spd. Did everything in that car including getting it airborn a couple of times. Drove it 4 years and 70K miles with only minor maintenance. That is the one I really miss. Not that fast, but sharp looking and lots of fun.
starrow68 Posts: 1,142
My folks wanted my sister and I to have transportation, not the family Galaxy or Falcon Wagon so the mechanic at Galpin Ford sold us his 54 V-8 3 speed column shift. Drove it home, sis didn't want to, neither of us had ever driven a stick. As I remember the engine was the first OHV V-8, maybe 239 cid and wouldn't guess at HP. I drove it weekends and sis was supposed to take it to school as soon as she learned to drive it. Blew the clutch in 6 weeks and did the replacement myself in friends driveway with a motors manual and 3 advisors who could have done it in 25% of the time, no mechanic here. Got it painted canary yellow, taste in 17 year olds is suspect, and blew the engine 8 weeks later. Sis never did drive it but she paid her half of the $250 price and still complains to this day. Got a 60 Falcon replacement and honestly don't remember the price, straight six and 2 speed auto.
Don't miss either of them. Now my first new car the '72 MGB is another story.
blarg1 Posts: 59
as it hauled my buddy's car off to the junkyard. His girlfriend didn't know he sold it to me a couple hours before.
It was a 1984 Gutless Ciera 4 door. Colored Purpple/brown and pinkish/orangish two tone and a brown and orange interior. What a crate. Rust all over. Bought it for $100 in 1995. It ran on 3 cylinders and the windows wouldn't roll up, leaked oil out the header covers and had all four original hubcaps. Licence plate NOGO 500, no go 500 miles. So I fixed it, put in a cd played and 2 new speakers and it was good to go.
I used it to deliver landscaping supplies, dirt, blocks, timbers. Delivered pizza, drove to school, girlfriends, drove to funerals, weddings and I loved to drive it.I would park next to the most expensive cars I could find and wait for the owners of that lexus or porsche to look down at my NOGO. Mine was paid for, how 'bout yours? That gutless would make 100 mph if I held it down long enough.
Best moments were dying at the toll booth, i got to push it through for free, and the muffler nailed a tailgating corvette at the on ramp to route 55 in Chicago. I pulled over 1/4 mile down the road to see the steam cloud from the destroyed radiator, laughed all the way home.
second best moment was changing a flat in January, -30 temp, -75 windchill. I jacked up the car, and the jack crashed through the floorboards. Drove the car on the flat, with the jack dragging to the Firestone. I'm surprised the sparks didn't catch the car on fire.
God Rest NOGO, traded it in for $1700 for a Buick, dealer didn't even see my car, it was getting a new muffler, and I walked to the dealer. I parked it over by the oil cans when I turned it in.
Drove my NOGO 28000 miles, and almost exactly one year. best piece of crap I had ever driven.
fdthird Posts: 352
My first car was a '55 Chevy BelAir that was bought when I was 17 in 1967 from a family friend for $50. Stove bolt 6 with a 3 speed column shift. It was that yechy two tone Chevy green and I "classed" it up with a racing stripe!!!
Had the car for 3 weeks and going to work one morning plowed it into the back end of a 52 Chevy that was sitting dead in the left lane (no mean feet to find a 15 year old car to crash a 12 year old car into)
Hitched rides with friends for most of the next year till I got a '68 Falcon!
FDIII
swauger Posts: 91
My first car was a 1967 Oldsmobile Cutlass that my father bought new in '67. It was a gorgeous aquamarine/light blue combo, with vinyl seats, 330 cu. in. V8, 2 bbl. carb, and 4 wheel drum brakes (taught me a lot about brake fade). It became "mine" officially in '75 when I graduated from high school even though I almost exclusively drove it since '74. Drove it until Dec of 77, just over 10 years and 146K miles on the clock when I got the hots and bought a 1978 VW Scirocco (fun car, but should have kept the Olds). Car was rock solid, engine had only ever had one valve job at around 36K, transmission was in great shape. Sold it to the son of a neighbor, who totally abused the car, and trashed it in 6 months. It sat around at the corner gas station for another 8 months or so until it disappeared when he sold it to a junkyard. Was darn hard to watch such a great car be run into the ground by an idiot.
I've driven a lot of Stangs since then, but still think if I were to go for a classic car project it'd have to be a late 60's 442.
freddok Posts: 3
Interesting tales about first cars. My first was a 1974 Ford Maverick that I bought from an old man on Long Island for $300 in late 1986. It had an interesting sense of deja vu about it since I remember my father looking at a new '74 Comet once in a Pennslvyania showroom that he decided not to buy, and my Maverick looked almost like it...bucket seats in the interior, four doors, big dash, etc. Mine was a bit more beat-up. It came Corvette yellow but it turned out it had been repainted by the previous owner...its real color was a dark bronze color. I found out its real color when the yellow paint began peeling off. It had a 8-track tape player and the passenger side seatback was broken and held up with a green picnic cooler that came with the car. I fixed that later on by ripping out the seatbacks and replacing them with a pair of matching tan ones from a junked '78 Mustang.
That Maverick lasted me about a year and a half when it finally went due to its timing chain snapping at speed on the Long Island Expressway in the fall of 1988. Off to the junkman it then went.
It was replaced with a real antique...a '66 Fury with a slant six I owned for about two months and gave to a friend when its brakes went (at slow speed pulling out of the driveway, luckily). I got that car for $70.00.
I was then given a '78 Dodge Diplomat wagon by a relative at Thanksgiving 1988 for $1.00...loaded and filled with options. That lasted about two years and only got junked when it wouldn't pass inspection due to rust on its underbody. That one went in the summer of 1990. I then got a 1983 Ford Escort wagon (ugly orange thing...purchased for $400.00) that ran like a tank for almost four years until its head gasket went. I then bought my first new car...a new 1993 Escort that I got in the spring of 1994. That was a little more expensive ($11,000) and lasted me a bit longer...traded it in the summer of last year after I put 147,000 miles on it. May my current car, a 2000 Pontiac Sunfire bought new in July 2000 for $18,000 last me as long, or longer than my dependable old 1993 Escort did. However, I still remember my first car fondly...wish I had gotten that Maverick new.
Freddo K.
sundayduffer Posts: 10
Paid $2000 for it the summer before my senior year of high school after my dada' insurance agent said I could,I afford the 440 Road Runner I wanted to get. Drove that car for 4 years (put 80,000 miles) & lots of smoke & traded it for a Brand new 1974 Ford Mustang II 4 anger.
The old Ply mouth got bought from tote the note lot by some guy that worked down the street from my part time job last time I saw her she had the trunk wired closed & looked like a fogging machine going down the road.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406042
|
__label__cc
| 0.661994
| 0.338006
|
Ubisoft Forums > Rainbow Six: Siege > Legacy Rainbow Six Titles > Rainbow Six Vegas Series > Rainbow Six Vegas Series [Console] > (1998-2006) R6 Series Player's Guidelines - Feedback Welcome
View Full Version : (1998-2006) R6 Series Player's Guidelines - Feedback Welcome
GhostReconJunky
As an original R6 gamer, I feel commited to stating my opinion of R6 as a series.
This is all subject to change. And I will add as I have more time to do so.
Climbing System:
One of the coolest features that was forgotten in RvS was the climbing feature. All titles prior to this let you climb small objects. These objects were specific and somewhat rare. But it is definitely a feature that should comeback in the next installment of the series. Just make sure you don't make it into a flying glitch like in Rogue Spear!
Movement System:
R6 has had pretty standard and boring movement since day one. Run and walk, that's all she wrote. However, this can be improved upon greatly. There should be 4 different movement types, and these movement types should all affect a "Stamina Bar." You can refer to the stamina bar via the GUI interface, and/or audible and visible changes in the players actions. Lockdown's movement system was awesome! With the exception of the hideously fast running speed! One of the only features of that installment that I enjoyed was it's ultra realistic movement. You should NOT be able to scope while running. It is simply impossible to scope a weapon while running and shoot with pin point accuracy like in RvS. Lockdown's system was correct even down to the snipers being unable to move while scoped. Good job, and I hope it carriers over to the later installments.
Walk - Walking shouldn't have any affect on the stamina bar. It does not stress the operatives body in any way. A walk speed should be a steady pace where an operative could aim while moving farily accurately.
Run - Running definitely should have an affect on the stamina bar. After a somewhat long distance has been ran, the operative should begin to feel fatigued (naturally). He should be audibly noticeable as he begins to breathe slightly heavier and heavier. Aiming should be greatly decreased down to a VERY inaccurate shot. The operative should also begin to slow down after a limited amount of running.
Sprint - Sprinting should be a new and innovative feature to the R6 series. In this movement form, an operative should begin to run at the fastest speed of his ability. This option would be primarily used as an evading tactic, or a faster way to arrive behind cover fire. In this movement form the operative should also bring his weapon down to his torso for absolutely no aiming ability until returning to a Run, Walk, or...
Prone - The prone position was an excellent addition to the R6 series from RvS. It allowed a very accurate and controlled rate of fire. The mobility of this position was very low and realistic. You had limited horizontal and vertical vision, as well as crawling speed for fowards, backwards, and sideways. A great feature that should definitely be implemented into later installments of the series.
Gun System:
R6 really capitalizes in some of the gun attributes, and really lacks in others. To start, I'd like to note that making the game with all the correct weapon names and attributes is 100% necessary to a realistic tactical shooter. Further branching out, the weapon system could be improved with realistic aspects, such as gun jamming. Operatives have a great understanding of weapons, and before entering battle would most definitely perform maintenance on their weapon. Therefore gun jamming would have to be very rare to be a fun and realistic feature. Now as far as a recoiling and blooming system, I think RvS has the right idea. Some will argue that the R6 series should either bloom or recoil as you fire your weapon. However, I think the bloom while recoiling system in RvS was by far the best. It made using weapons a skill more than preference. I do believe the RvS system was a bit exaggerated on the bloom effect. But I must say it was pretty damn close to perfect.
Wounding System:
The wounding system is extremely lacking in the series. It has so much room for improvement. This is Redstorm's opportunity to really set the standard. With that said, it has been an idea of mine (and many others) to implement a realistic wounding system. Branching out on this idea:
General - General wounds could inolve blood loss. A completely new system I'd like to propose to the series. After a major wound takes place, the gamer has about 1 minute to find another play to help him/her. This other player would need to help in the form of a completely new item; The "Field Medical Kit." This kit item could be selected in place of other kit items such as the Heartbeat Sensor, Grenards, Electronics Kit, etc... The "Field Medic Kit" (FMK) would not necessarily repair the player to a healthy state, but rather repair him to a state where he will not bleed out to his death. This idea would serve as a very fun and intense gameplay feature to the new R6 games. Friends will be desperately trying to save each other while taking heavy fire themselves. Not all wounds should result in a bleed out death, only major wounds.
Arms - Arm wounds should disable the gamer's ability to shoot accurately
Legs - Leg wounds should disable the gamer's ability to run or even move in some cases. This would also present a new and fun feature to R6. A player can be be shot to the ground via a leg wound, but still play while being immobile. The FMK could come into play with this feature as well.
Also: When operatives are nearing death they should become disoriented. Possibly even lose functionality of their movement keys (in ex: pushing W to move forward makes you move left). Vision should blur until the darkness consumes them! haha Seeing a player stumble around all disoriented and about to die would be satisfying to view! Admit it!
Respawn Feature:
This is Rainbow Six we're talking about. A tactical game cannot and should not allow immortality. If you get killed, you must suffer the consequences of being the inferior player (wait for the next round). Then maybe you can better yourself as a tactical player, and survive the next round. Putting respawns in R6 makes us gamers not value our life (in game). And if we do not value our in game life, we are just putting the tactical aspect of the game in the trash. Not to forget, every single title up to RvS was a huge success. If the games a hit without respawns, UBI has nothing to worry about as far as selling the game without the option.
Spectator Feature:
The spectator feature of R6 will make or break the series. It MUST be in R6 for the game to be a success. R6 is a personal game. Everyone knows everyone. Having the spectator feature in game enables players to focus their attention on others. This level of personal gaming is loved by the community. So if you are a new person to the series (RvS or later), your opinion on respawns is somewhat irrelevant. And you must develop the respect of the series as a whole.
In the Extreme Event:
If the developers refuse to remove respawns from the game, they must at least implement it as a tactical/realistic feature. An idea that approaches a "Realistic Respawn" (two words that should not be together) would be a helicopter that brings reinforcements to a safe insertion zone, once half your team is dead. That would significantly decrease in "waiting" as well as serve a somewhat fun feature. This feature could also be used as a "Join On The Fly" feature. Once you have 3-6 players waiting to join a round, a helicopter could be dispatched to "Join On The Fly." This could be fun for a capture the flag game type too.
Dane175
I nomiate GhostReconJunky to the Council (If they choose to allow more). I'm sure others will agree. We need more old school multiplayer guys on the council.
Thanks Dane.
Only in an extreme and awesome situation would this take place though!
GSG_9_Rage
http://forums.ubi.com/images/smilies/agreepost.gif
subzero1900
that Idea would totally suck, IMO...this is a game, I dont want to have to be hounded by my teammates to all carry a useless piece of equipment and forsake another just in case the "medic" is KIA...this would totally suck as an Idea...or as a feature
The medics down...Oh no...I got shot.....Im slowly bleeding to death even though most Combatants carry their own medical equipment as In Gause wraps and can perfectly apply it to them-selfs withought searching out and giving away the postition of another teammate...no I must slowly wait for death because I didn't waist a equipment slot on a useless POS...that isnt as big or heavy as a normal piece of equpment and could be easily stuffed in a pocket withought requireing me to leave grenades, claymores, C4, Flashbangs, Extra Magazines, heart beat sensor, Tear gas, WP grenades, ect....
In response to subzero's post...
First of all, not all your wounds are going to be bleed out deaths in this proposal. Only major wounds such as the infamous non-fatal head wounds, and chest hits that penetrate the kevlar.
Second, I'm in no way implying there should be a medic in R6. I just think all R6 operatives should be skilled in the field of SELF or TEAMMATE medical procedures. That is why the bleed outs/FMK (field medical kit) would be a huge pro to our wounding system. In other words, I never said you could not use the FMK on yourself.
And if you disagree with some of my idea's as a long term R6 player, please refrain from using the word "sucks." Because I believe my ideas are well thought out. If anything, I think your quick response is lacking in content and understanding of my idea.
I don't like the idea of the medic system.
How many people would carry medic kits in the average server?
There aren't that many people out there(except for clans that play together) that have much strategical gameplay regularly.
The object of the game is to not get shot and kill the other team anyway. Why should the game have people able to be healed somewhat?
I like the system in RvS where if you get shot you limp, and then if you get shot again you die.
I agree somewhat that there should be no respawns. I would like no respawns in Team games, and only respawns in FFA Sharpshooter.
I do want the spectator mode as it was in RvS.
I haven't played LD for PC yet, so I can't comment on that.(only on the crappy XBOX version)
actually, I thought your idea out very well, and while in text it seems good, the outcome is horrible'
A. Now instead of being worried about dieing in combat, I have to worry about finding a medic before I bleed to death
B. I now have to carry an Item that Occupies <span class="ev_code_red">ONE OF TWO</span> Equipment Slots or I cant stop myself from bleeding to death
C. I now would either A. FInd a designated Medic <span class="ev_code_yellow">(which is really arcadie)</span> Or B. Waist one of my valuable Equipment slots so I don't bleed to death.
E. Considering the size of Gause Wraps There is no need for me to waist An Equipment Slot
F. Now your compromising the One-shot kill rule and Making it <span class="ev_code_yellow">(agianst what I thought your ideas were about Realism)</span> a health bar game <span class="ev_code_yellow">(which would be unrealistic)</span>
G. I never said "Medic Class" Im saying a designated medci liek <span class="ev_code_yellow">"Hey you Haze19034 You got to carry 2 equipment slots of FMK's and Camp the hole round and do absolutely nothing"</span>
so summed up the Idea sucks, And its nothing against you as being <span class="ev_code_yellow">"a long term R6 player"</span>, I could care less about how long you've been playing the game, and more about how the idea would pan out ingame with Current Working R6 Games.
Direct Response:
I want to make it clear that all my ideas further the realism of this series 100%. The word "arcadie" should NOT be used in reference to my post.
A. Again, not all wounds are major. In other words you will not bleed out unless its a vital organ for example. So it's fair to say bleed outs would be rare unless you're hit with a powerful weapon from a short distance. And no, you don't have to worry about finding a medic if you are worried about bleeding to death, because you can carry your own field kit to repair your wounds to a function state. That explains "A."
B. Carrying items that OCCUPY ONE OF TWO slots is part of the R6 franchise. If you don't like that setup, don't play the series. It is designed this way to balance out the player's abilities. That goes for all items, not just my FMK idea. Realistically you could carry an HBS on your vest. But for balance purposes, they do not allow that. So "B." is null and void.
C. Again, the operatives are NOT medics. Don't refer to them as that, because they are operatives. Medics are designated people who are in war to heal operatives (aka soldiers). So that part of your reply is way out of line. And once again, you are not "waisting" a valuable equipment slot. All kit items serve a unique and very valuable purpose (especially an FMK).
D. You skipped this letter for some reason...
E. Yes, gause wraps could fit in a pocket. You are absolutely right. But so could another pistol, an explosive, an HBS, etc... You have to draw the line somewhere. Because if you don't the game will become unbalanced with super players that are equipped with a plethora of items.
F. I am IN NO WAY comprimising the 1-shot 1-kill rule at all. In some situations you can be hit in vital organs and still be alive. This is what I'm referring to as a "major wound." This is where you'd begin to bleed out and need an FMK. Also, I did NOT make any mention of wanting a health bar in the game. A simple and small GUI addition with a human body would serve as a bleed out reference. This idea is MUCH better than RvS's system where you are hit in the head, and start to walk with a damn limp. "OUCH MY HEAD, OH MY GOD! I THINK IM GOING TO LIMP NOW COMPLETELY ORIENTED LIKE I WAS BEFORE I GOT SHOT IN THE HEAD!" But I guess you seem to enjoy that system. For us tactical players, we like advancements in our gameplay. You can continue playing RvS if you like inferior wounding systems.
G. OK, equipping 2 Field Medical Kits would serve no purpose. It would be as useful as equipping two heartbeat sensors. And obviously he wouldn't be forced to camp the entire round. He could play like everyone else. He'd be playing as a tactical operative, fighting for his teams victory. Now in the event that he is fighting and notices a criticaly wounded teammate, he could help that person survive. It would bring a whole new emotion to this game. Risking your own life to save another. As mentioned before, if somebody is wounded and cannot move, an FMK kit could enable a body dragging feature, where you bring a teammate to cover to perform a repair. It would be completely innovative and really set the standard for tactical FPS games. And I'll stand by it 100%. You will have wounded people contacting you via the built in VoIP system to help them out in a location on the map (sort of like RvS's mini map feature).
So to sum it up, I countered every single one of your ill-mannered responses to my idea. I am open to CONSTRUCTIVE criticism, but not children running their mouths, just saying my idea "sucks."
And I'd like you to stop responding to my posts if you would please. Because at this point you are just ranting in a online forum battle regardless of whether you like my idea or not.
i like everything about that post cept for that stamina bar ****. not need, i think that running/walking scheme should be the same as rvs.
and yes i did play the other r6 titles but i found the rvs style of running and scopeing the best
Originally posted by ruled:
Thanks for your response, it is appreciated. However if you want a tactical game, RvS's running while scoped was not tactical. It was basically super human. Although it may have been fun to pull off some nice running/scoped shots, it just didn't cut it on the tactical aspect. And I'd have to standby my decision to leave it out of the next installment.
Lockdown's movement is actually correct with the exception of too fast running speeds.
updated all information as of 3/10/2006
KungFu_CIA
You have some interesting ideas.
Let me help focus the discussion a little more by asking you and others this:
What kind of game do you want R6 to become?
A hardcore, realism simulator?
Or a game which emphasizes real world weapons, equipment and tactics, but which is still a game at its core like the original R6, RS, UO, etc?
The reason I am asking everyone is because while there is absolutely NO information about what the next R6:5 will entail...
I would just like to know, from a limited Community stand point, what most of you would like to see the series evolve into.
GhostReconJunky states he/she wants it to be 100% realism and I want to see if others feel this way, or if others have counter-arguments and how they view R6 as an evolving series.
I will post my thoughts after a few responses.
http://forums.ubi.com/groupee_common/emoticons/icon_smile.gif
Defuser
KungFu, that is possibly the most obviously weighted question I have ever seen. Regardless of my response to it, and regardless of the fact that I'm risking getting berated for bringing it up - the question of whether people want a 'game' ('like the other R6 games') or a 'simulator' is one that is quite obviously geared towards generating support for the former. In effect, you have excluded all the characteristics of a 'game' from what GhostReconJunky has proposed - instead saying that adopting his ideas would make it a simulator instead of a game - a 'game' like the other R6s. You're effectively saying, that if introduced, his ideas would make the game fundamentally not R6. This is an emotive and misleading argument as it pulls at the heartstrings of those who want to see R6 do well, and feel like R6, but there is absolutely no reason that at least some of GRJ's ideas could be implemented without compromising the R6 feel. You've already made a value judgement on how effective you think GRJ's ideas are and, in effect, have already indicated what your following response is going to be like.
a game which emphasizes real world weapons, equipment and tactics, but which is still a game at its core like the original R6, RS, UO, etc?
To clear things up, I want this game to focus on Rainbow Six and Rogue Spear. Obviously if you design it hand in hand with those games, it'll be underdeveloped. That is why I want it to be based off those games, and extremely revamped. So to answer your question, I want this:
"a game which emphasizes real world weapons, equipment and tactics, but which is still a game at its core like the original R6, RS, UO, etc?"
Originally posted by Defuser:
KungFu, that is possibly the most obviously weighted question I have ever seen. Regardless of my response to it, and regardless of the fact that I'm risking getting berated for bringing it up - the question of whether people want a 'game' ('like the other R6 games') or a 'simulator' is one that is quite obviously geared towards generating support for the latter. In effect, you have excluded all the characteristics of a 'game' from what GhostReconJunky has proposed - instead saying that adopting his ideas would make it a simulator instead of a game - like the other R6s. You're effectively saying, that if introduced, his ideas would make the game fundamentally not R6. This is an emotive and misleading argument as it pulls at the heartstrings of those who want to see R6 do well, and feel like R6, but there is absolutely no reason that at least some of GRJ's ideas could be implemented without compromising the R6 feel. You've already made a value judgement on how effective you think GRJ's ideas are and, in effect, have already indicated what your following response is going to be like.
You really nailed that right on. I am trying to strive for total R6 game feel. With a ton of revamped and new innovative features. Very well put, and thanks for posting.
I don't think it is a weighted question at all.
The thing is there are -- or, at least appear to be -- Two different kinds of gamers who play games which are touted as being "realistic" or based on/in realism.
Someone said in another thread that R6 has always straddled the line between realism AND fantasy in it assigns an eight-man team (original games with planning) complete with heart beat sensors to take down 30-40 Tangos when in real life, some plans call for 20-40 men to take down only half that number and vice versa (the Delta Force raid on the Iranian Embassy called for 40+ men for only like 12-15 Terrorists).
All I was asking is which direction do you feel the game should be heading because while GhostReconJunky may not consider his bleeding out/medic idea a 'hardcore realism' element... In a lot of ways it is depending on how it would be implemented (compared to other games which have medics and bleeding).
GRJ, himself, openly said he wants 100% realism in R6 and I just commented there comes a line when realism turns a game into a simulator. That is all.
I think RvS has the right idea. Some will argue that the R6 series should either bloom or recoil as you fire your weapon. However, I think the bloom while recoiling system in RvS was by far the best. It made using weapons a skill more than preference
http://forums.ubi.com/images/smilies/88.gif http://forums.ubi.com/images/smilies/88.gif http://forums.ubi.com/images/smilies/88.gif http://forums.ubi.com/images/smilies/88.gif http://forums.ubi.com/images/smilies/88.gif http://forums.ubi.com/images/smilies/88.gif
This is by far the thing that gets me, It wasn't skill it was completely LUCK, Try a pistol match with that concept, Good Luck, there is no skill its random luck baised ****.
Its all about putting the most X amount of bullets in Y amount of time with Z amount of Luck percentage
Woosy
It's a good Idea for an army game, like ghost recon or AA where there is alot of distance to cover. For special forces if we breach, and you're shot they're told to call a man down and to move on, grim reality, they never stop or give up, this is what we train for, there is no time for field dressings, we're totaly comitted now, there are bad guys coming or willing to execute the hostage, speed is the key, can't stop now.
If a man goes down you leave him, if you linger your other mates get it, 1 death now becomes 3. You're an elite Special Forces operative, hand picked from the best of the best in the world in our Unit Rainbow, we don't expect to get hit, we hit them hard and kill them fast, you know the risks. Our job? Our job is kicking butt, and to eliminate the threat before they eliminate us, this isn't an option, it's a matter of survival! This can meaning losing friends in our virtual reality. But we train hard to fight easy. Do you really have what it takes, to be a virtual elite special forces operative?
Relenquish
The hole FMK seems pretty anti-fun imo.
Plus the idea of being imobilised, thats the least fun thing i have ever heard.
On KungFu's question
I want it to be a game where you can imply real world tactics, not a simulator where you can have a game.
Being imobilised, bleeding to death, doesnt sound RS to me.
So you guys enjoy the old school shot in the chest = limp system?
I'm not saying the FMK system should be implemented, I'm just saying the current system is bad. http://forums.ubi.com/groupee_common/emoticons/icon_smile.gif
Originally posted by GhostReconJunky:
The limp system for RVS is obviously flawed. ANd of course needs improving, I was just arguing that, realisms great, but the comes a point where you ahve to remembers its also a game. And games need to be fun. Ofcourse its up to the devs to decide that line. I guess some would argue not being able to shoot as well is anti-fun and counter productive to the game.
I should probably of included some where in my previous post that I totally agree with a lot of the other stuff you said. Kinda makes me look grumpy just disagreeing with what i dont agree with. http://forums.ubi.com/groupee_common/emoticons/icon_smile.gif
ArchangelSKT
About the limp/damage system.
I would them to include the one from OPF, where if your getting seriously injured in your legs you can only crawl not walk.
Still able to return fire and defend yourself with a somewhat effected aim though.
Originally posted by ArchangelSKT:
that sounds like an awesome idea... seems aracadie at first.. but if the devs do their job right, anything can be made with the R6 feel to it ... just like at RvS ... the unreal engine lol
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406053
|
__label__cc
| 0.712242
| 0.287758
|
https://www.hezekiah.edu.ng/
IMF cuts global growth forecasts as India falters, says bottom may be near January 20, 2020
The International Monetary Fund on Monday trimmed back its 2020 global growth forecasts due to sharper-than-expected slowdowns in India and other emerging markets but said a U.S.-China trade deal was another sign that trade and manufacturing activity may soon bottom out.
BBC's Hall to step down ahead of crunch funding talks with British government January 20, 2020
The BBC's most powerful man will step down in six months to allow a new person to lead negotiations with Prime Minister Boris Johnson's government over a financing model for the publicly funded broadcaster.
Global FDI dips, hit by Hong Kong divestment, Brexit: U.N. January 20, 2020
Global direct foreign investment (FDI) dipped slightly around the world last year, hit by massive divestment in Hong Kong and a drop in flows into Britain due to Brexit uncertainty, the United Nations said on Monday.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406055
|
__label__wiki
| 0.677669
| 0.677669
|
Principal Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry
Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry
Victor W. Rodwell, David Bender, Kathleen M. Botham, Peter J. Kennelly, P. Anthony Weil
Gain a full understanding of the principles of biochemistry as it relates to clinical medicine
The Thirty-First Edition of Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry continues to emphasize the link between biochemistry and the understanding of disease states, disease pathology, and the practice of medicine. Featuring a full-color presentation and numerous medically relevant examples, Harper’s presents a clear, succinct review of the fundamentals of biochemistry that every student must understand in order to succeed in medical school.
All 58 chapters help you understand the medical relevance of biochemistry:
•Full-color presentation includes more than 600 illustrations•Case studies emphasize the clinical relevance of biochemistry •NEW CHAPTER on Biochemistry of Transition Metals addresses the importance and overall pervasiveness of transition metals•Review Questions follow each of the eleven sections•Boxed Objectives define the goals of each chapter•Tables encapsulate important information•Every chapter includes a section on the biomedical importance of a given topic
NEW TO THIS EDITION:•Emphasis throughout on the integral relationship between biochemistry and disease, diagnostic pathology, and medical practice•Hundreds of references to disease states throughout•New chapter addressing the biochemical roles of transition metals•Many updated review questions•Frequent tables summarizing key links to disease states•New text on cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM)•Cover picture of the protein structure of the Zika virus, solved by cryo-EM
Applauded by medical students and online reviewers for its currency and engaging style, Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry is essential for USMLE® review and the single-best reference for learning the clinical relevance of any biochemistry topic.
Pages: 800 / 2023
acids1138
glucose747
fatty704
liver526
plasma523
amino acids496
coa493
pathway476
fatty acids432
metabolism427
metabolic415
tissues368
deficiency364
receptor354
oxidation345
cholesterol333
mutations328
catalyzed306
hormone293
dehydrogenase288
amino acid286
synthesized283
membranes279
kinase278
lipid276
biosynthesis272
residues267
hormones261
activation246
insulin241
phosphorylation240
glycolysis238
binds238
receptors238
peptide235
Ketogene Ernährung für Einsteiger
Food Experts
Herzog’s CCU Book
Eyal Herzog MD
Copyright © 2018 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Except
as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this
publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,
or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written
permission of the publisher.
The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title:
ISBN: 978-1-25-983793-7,
All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a
trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use
names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark
owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such
designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps.
McGraw-Hill Education eBooks are available at special quantity discounts
to use as premiums and sales promotions or for use in corporate training
programs. To contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us page at
www.mhprofessional.com.
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical
experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy
are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with
sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is
complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of
publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes
in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other
party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work
warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate
or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or
omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained
in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained
herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are
advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of
each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information
contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in
the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This
recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or
infrequently used drugs.
This is a copyrighted work and McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors
reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these
terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right
to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile,
disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works
based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the
work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill Education’s prior consent.
You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any
other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may
be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms.
THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL EDUCATION
AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES
AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR
RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK,
INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED
THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND
EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that
the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its
operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill
Education nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any
inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any
damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill Education has no
responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the
work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill Education and/or its
licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive,
consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to
use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of
such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause
whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or
Peter L. Gross, MD, MSc, FRCP(C)
Molly Jacob MD, PhD
Christian Medical College
Bagayam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
Peter A. Mayes, PhD, DSc
Professor (Emeritus) of Veterinary Biochemistry
Robert K. Murray, MD, PhD
Professor (Emeritus) of Biochemistry
Margaret L. Rand, PhD
Senior Associate Scientist
Division of Haematology/Oncology
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, and Professor
University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Joe Varghese, PhD
Structures & Functions of Proteins &
1 Biochemistry & Medicine
Victor W. Rodwell, PhD, & Robert K. Murray, MD, PhD
2 Water & pH
Peter J. Kennelly, PhD & Victor W. Rodwell, PhD
3 Amino Acids & Peptides
4 Proteins: Determination of Primary Structure
5 Proteins: Higher Orders of Structure
Enzymes: Kinetics, Mechanism,
Regulation, & Role of Transition Metals
6 Proteins: Myoglobin & Hemoglobin
7 Enzymes: Mechanism of Action
8 Enzymes: Kinetics
Victor W. Rodwell, PhD
9 Enzymes: Regulation of Activities
10 The Biochemical Roles of Transition Metals
Peter J. Kennelly, PhD
Bioenergetics
11 Bioenergetics: The Role of ATP
Kathleen M. Botham, PhD, DSc & Peter A. Mayes, PhD, DSc
12 Biologic Oxidation
13 The Respiratory Chain & Oxidative Phosphorylation
Metabolism of Carbohydrates
14 Overview of Metabolism & the Provision of Metabolic Fuels
David A. Bender, PhD & Peter A. Mayes, PhD, DSc
15 Carbohydrates of Physiological Significance
16 The Citric Acid Cycle: The Central Pathway of Carbohydrate,
Lipid, & Amino Acid Metabolism
17 Glycolysis & the Oxidation of Pyruvate
18 Metabolism of Glycogen
19 Gluconeogenesis & the Control of Blood Glucose
20 The Pentose Phosphate Pathway & Other Pathways of Hexose
Metabolism of Lipids
21 Lipids of Physiologic Significance
22 Oxidation of Fatty Acids: Ketogenesis
23 Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids & Eicosanoids
24 Metabolism of Acylglycerols & Sphingolipids
25 Lipid Transport & Storage
26 Cholesterol Synthesis, Transport, & Excretion
Metabolism of Proteins & Amino Acids
27 Biosynthesis of the Nutritionally Nonessential Amino Acids
28 Catabolism of Proteins & of Amino Acid Nitrogen
29 Catabolism of the Carbon Skeletons of Amino Acids
30 Conversion of Amino Acids to Specialized Products
31 Porphyrins & Bile Pigments
Victor W. Rodwell, PhD & Robert K. Murray, MD, PhD
Structure, Function, & Replication of
Informational Macromolecules
32 Nucleotides
33 Metabolism of Purine & Pyrimidine Nucleotides
34 Nucleic Acid Structure & Function
P. Anthony Weil, PhD
35 DNA Organization, Replication, & Repair
36 RNA Synthesis, Processing, & Modification
37 Protein Synthesis & the Genetic Code
38 Regulation of Gene Expression
39 Molecular Genetics, Recombinant DNA, & Genomic
Biochemistry of Extracellular &
Intracellular Communication
40 Membranes: Structure & Function
41 The Diversity of the Endocrine System
42 Hormone Action & Signal Transduction
Special Topics (A)
43 Nutrition, Digestion, & Absorption
44 Micronutrients: Vitamins & Minerals
David A. Bender, PhD
45 Free Radicals & Antioxidant Nutrients
46 Glycoproteins
David A. Bender, PhD & Robert K. Murray, MD, PhD
47 Metabolism of Xenobiotics
48 Clinical Biochemistry
Special Topics (B)
49 Intracellular Traffic & Sorting of Proteins
Kathleen M. Botham, PhD, DSc & Robert K. Murray, MD, PhD
50 The Extracellular Matrix
51 Muscle & the Cytoskeleton
Peter J. Kennelly, PhD and Robert K. Murray, MD, PhD
52 Plasma Proteins & Immunoglobulins
Peter J. Kennelly, PhD, Robert K. Murray, MD, PhD, Molly Jacob,
MBBS, MD, PhD & Joe Varghese, MBBS, MD
53 Red Blood Cells
Peter J. Kennelly, PhD & Robert K. Murray, MD, PhD
54 White Blood Cells
Special Topics (C)
55 Hemostasis & Thrombosis
Peter L. Gross, MD, MSc, FRCP(C), P. Anthony Weil, PhD &
56 Cancer: An Overview
Molly Jacob, MD, PhD, Joe Varghese, PhD & P. Anthony Weil, PhD
57 The Biochemistry of Aging
58 Biochemical Case Histories
The Answer Bank
The authors and publishers are pleased to present the thirty-first edition of
Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry. The first edition, entitled Harper’s
Biochemistry, was published in 1939 under the sole authorship of Dr
Harold Harper at the University of California School of Medicine, San
Francisco, California. Presently entitled Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry,
the book continues, as originally intended, to provide a concise survey of
aspects of biochemistry most relevant to the study of medicine. Various
authors have contributed to subsequent editions of this medically oriented
biochemistry text, which is now observing its 79th year.
Cover Illustration for the Thirty-first Edition
The illustration on the cover of the thirty-first edition, the structure of Zika
virus protein determined at 3.8 Å resolution, was generously prepared and
provided by Lei Sun. The supporting data appeared in: Sirohi D, Chen Z,
Sun L, Klose T, Pierson TC, Rossmann MG, Kuhn RJ: “The 3.8 Å
resolution cryo-EM structure of Zika virus protein”, Science
2016;352:497-470. Together with the Zika virus, first recovered in the
Zika valley of Uganda, the viruses responsible for yellow fever, West Nile
fever, and dengue fever are members of the Flavivridae family of positivestrand DNA viruses. The cover illustration indicates the resolving power
of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). More importantly, it recognizes
the medical significance of infection by the Zika virus, which in pregnant
women can result in a significant risk of congenital microcephaly and
associated severe mental impairment. While Zika virus typically is
transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito, emerging evidence
suggests that under certain conditions the Zika virus may also be
transmitted between human subjects.
Changes in the Thirty-first Edition
As always, Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry continues to emphasize the
close relationship of biochemistry to the understanding of diseases, their
pathology and the practice of medicine. The contents of most chapters
have been updated and provide to the reader the most current and pertinent
information. Toward that end, we have replaced Chapter 10
“Bioinformatics and Computational Biology,” most of whose programs
and topics (for example protein and nucleotide sequence comparisons and
in silico approaches in drug design) are available on line or are now
common knowledge. Its replacement, new Chapter 10 “Biochemistry of
Transition Metals,” incorporates material from several chapters, notably
those of blood cells and plasma, which contained extensive content on
metal ion adsorption and trafficking, especially of iron and copper. Since
approximately a third of all proteins are metalloproteins, new Chapter 10
explicitly addresses the importance and overall pervasiveness of transition
metals. Given the overlap with the topics of protein structure and of
enzyme reaction mechanisms, new Chapter 10 now follows the three
chapters on enzymes as the final chapter in Section II, now renamed
Enzymes: Kinetics, Mechanism, Regulation, & Role of Transition Metals.
Organization of the Book
All 58 chapters of the thirty-first edition place major emphasis on the
medical relevance of biochemistry. Topics are organized under eleven
major headings. Both to assist study and to facilitate retention of the
contained information, Questions follow each Section. An Answer Bank
follows the Appendix.
Section I includes a brief history of biochemistry, and emphasizes the
interrelationships between biochemistry and medicine. Water, the
importance of homeostasis of intracellular pH are reviewed, and the
various orders of protein structure are addressed.
Section II begins with a chapter on hemoglobin. Four chapters next
address the kinetics, mechanism of action, and metabolic regulation of
enzymes, and the role of metal ions in multiple aspects of intermediary
metabolism.
Section III addresses bioenergetics and the role of high energy
phosphates in energy capture and transfer, the oxidation–reduction
reactions involved in biologic oxidation, and metabolic details of
energy capture via the respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Section IV considers the metabolism of carbohydrates via glycolysis,
the citric acid cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen
metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and the control of blood glucose.
Section V outlines the nature of simple and complex lipids, lipid
transport and storage, the biosynthesis and degradation of fatty acids
and more complex lipids, and the reactions and metabolic regulation of
cholesterol biosynthesis and transport in human subjects.
Section VI discusses protein catabolism, urea biosynthesis, and the
catabolism of amino acids and stresses the medically significant
metabolic disorders associated with their incomplete catabolism. The
final chapter considers the biochemistry of the porphyrins and bile
pigments.
Section VII first outlines the structure and function of nucleotides and
nucleic acids, then details DNA replication and repair, RNA synthesis
and modification, protein synthesis, the principles of recombinant DNA
technology, and the regulation of gene expression.
Section VIII considers aspects of extracellular and intracellular
communication. Specific topics include membrane structure and
function, the molecular bases of the actions of hormones, and signal
transduction.
Sections IX, X, & XI address fourteen topics of significant medical
importance.
Section IX discusses nutrition, digestion, and absorption,
micronutrients including vitamins free radicals and antioxidants,
glycoproteins, the metabolism of xenobiotics, and clinical
Section X addresses intracellular traffic and the sorting of proteins, the
extracellular matrix, muscle and the cytoskeleton, plasma proteins and
immunoglobulins, and the biochemistry of red cells and of white cells.
Section XI includes hemostasis and thrombosis, an overview of cancer,
the biochemistry of aging, and a selection of case histories.
The authors thank Michael Weitz for his role in the planning of this edition
and Peter Boyle for overseeing its preparation for publication. We also
thank Surbhi Mittal and Jyoti Shaw at Cenveo Publisher Services for their
efforts in managing editing, typesetting, and artwork. We gratefully
acknowledge numerous suggestions and corrections received from
students and colleagues from around the world, especially those of Dr.
Karthikeyan Pethusamy of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi, India.
Victor W. Rodwell
David A. Bender
Kathleen M. Botham
Peter J. Kennelly
P. Anthony Weil
Structures & Functions of
Biochemistry & Medicine
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Understand the importance of the ability of cell-free extracts of
yeast to ferment sugars, an observation that enabled discovery of
the intermediates of fermentation, glycolysis, and other metabolic
pathways.
Appreciate the scope of biochemistry and its central role in the life
sciences, and that biochemistry and medicine are intimately
related disciplines.
Appreciate that biochemistry integrates knowledge of the chemical
processes in living cells with strategies to maintain health,
understand disease, identify potential therapies, and enhance our
understanding of the origins of life on earth.
Describe how genetic approaches have been critical for elucidating
many areas of biochemistry, and how the Human Genome Project
has furthered advances in numerous aspects of biology and
medicine.
BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE
Biochemistry and medicine enjoy a mutually cooperative relationship.
Biochemical studies have illuminated many aspects of health and disease,
and the study of various aspects of health and disease has opened up new
areas of biochemistry. The medical relevance of biochemistry both in
normal and abnormal situations is emphasized throughout this book.
Biochemistry makes significant contributions to the fields of cell biology,
physiology, immunology, microbiology, pharmacology, toxicology, and
epidemiology, as well as the fields of inflammation, cell injury, and
cancer. These close relationships emphasize that life, as we know it,
depends on biochemical reactions and processes.
DISCOVERY THAT A CELL-FREE EXTRACT OF
YEAST CAN FERMENT SUGAR
Although the ability of yeast to “ferment” various sugars to ethyl alcohol
has been known for millennia, only comparatively recently did this process
initiate the science of biochemistry. The great French microbiologist Louis
Pasteur maintained that fermentation could only occur in intact cells.
However, in 1899, the brothers Büchner discovered that fermentation
could occur in the absence of intact cells when they stored a yeast extract
in a crock of concentrated sugar solution, added as a preservative.
Overnight, the contents of the crock fermented, spilled over the laboratory
bench and floor, and dramatically demonstrated that fermentation can
proceed in the absence of an intact cell. This discovery unleashed an
avalanche of research that initiated the science of biochemistry.
Investigations revealed the vital roles of inorganic phosphate, ADP, ATP,
and NAD(H), and ultimately identified the phosphorylated sugars and the
chemical reactions and enzymes that convert glucose to pyruvate
(glycolysis) or to ethanol and CO2 (fermentation). Research beginning in
the 1930s identified the intermediates of the citric acid cycle and of urea
biosynthesis, and revealed the essential roles of certain vitamin-derived
cofactors or “coenzymes” such as thiamin pyrophosphate, riboflavin, and
ultimately coenzyme A, coenzyme Q, and cobamide coenzyme. The 1950s
revealed how complex carbohydrates are synthesized from, and broken
down into simple sugars, and the pathways for biosynthesis of pentoses,
and the catabolism of amino acids and fatty acids.
Investigators employed animal models, perfused intact organs, tissue
slices, cell homogenates and their subfractions, and subsequently purified
enzymes. Advances were enhanced by the development of analytical
ultracentrifugation, paper and other forms of chromatography, and the
post-World War II availability of radioisotopes, principally 14C, 3H, and
32P, as “tracers” to identify the intermediates in complex pathways such as
that of cholesterol biosynthesis. X-ray crystallography was then used to
solve the three-dimensional structures of numerous proteins,
polynucleotides, enzymes, and viruses. Genetic advances that followed the
realization that DNA was a double helix include the polymerase chain
reaction, and transgenic animals or those with gene knockouts. The
methods used to prepare, analyze, purify, and identify metabolites and the
activities of natural and recombinant enzymes and their three-dimensional
structures are discussed in the following chapters.
BIOCHEMISTRY & MEDICINE HAVE
PROVIDED MUTUAL ADVANCES
The two major concerns for workers in the health sciences—and
particularly physicians—are the understanding and maintenance of health
and effective treatment of disease. Biochemistry impacts both of these
fundamental concerns, and the interrelationship of biochemistry and
medicine is a wide, two-way street. Biochemical studies have illuminated
many aspects of health and disease, and conversely, the study of various
aspects of health and disease has opened up new areas of biochemistry
(Figure 1–1). An early example of how investigation of protein structure
and function revealed the single difference in amino acid sequence
between normal hemoglobin and sickle cell hemoglobin. Subsequent
analysis of numerous variant sickle cell and other hemoglobins has
contributed significantly to our understanding of the structure and function
both of hemoglobin and of other proteins. During the early 1900s the
English physician Archibald Garrod studied patients with the relatively
rare disorders of alkaptonuria, albinism, cystinuria, and pentosuria, and
established that these conditions were genetically determined. Garrod
designated these conditions as inborn errors of metabolism. His insights
provided a foundation for the development of the field of human
biochemical genetics. A more recent example was investigation of the
genetic and molecular basis of familial hypercholesterolemia, a disease
that results in early-onset atherosclerosis. In addition to clarifying different
genetic mutations responsible for this disease, this provided a deeper
understanding of cell receptors and mechanisms of uptake, not only of
cholesterol but also of how other molecules cross cell membranes. Studies
of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in cancer cells have directed
attention to the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of normal
cell growth. These examples illustrate how the study of disease can open
up areas of basic biochemical research. Science provides physicians and
other workers in health care and biology with a foundation that impacts
practice, stimulates curiosity, and promotes the adoption of scientific
approaches for continued learning.
FIGURE 1–1 A two-way street connects biochemistry and medicine.
Knowledge of the biochemical topics listed above the green line of the
diagram has clarified our understanding of the diseases shown below the
green line. Conversely, analyses of the diseases have cast light on many
areas of biochemistry. Note that sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease, and
that both atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus have genetic components.
BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES UNDERLIE
Biochemical Research Impacts Nutrition &
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of
“complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease and infirmity.” From a biochemical viewpoint, health
may be considered that situation in which all of the many thousands of
intra- and extracellular reactions that occur in the body are proceeding at
rates commensurate with the organism’s survival under pressure from both
internal and external challenges. The maintenance of health requires
optimal dietary intake of vitamins, certain amino acids and fatty acids,
various minerals, and water. Understanding nutrition depends to a great
extent on knowledge of biochemistry, and the sciences of biochemistry
and nutrition share a focus on these chemicals. Recent increasing emphasis
on systematic attempts to maintain health and forestall disease, or
preventive medicine, includes nutritional approaches to the prevention of
diseases such as atherosclerosis and cancer.
Most Diseases Have a Biochemical Basis
Apart from infectious organisms and environmental pollutants, many
diseases are manifestations of abnormalities in genes, proteins, chemical
reactions, or biochemical processes, each of which can adversely affect
one or more critical biochemical functions. Examples of disturbances in
human biochemistry responsible for diseases or other debilitating
conditions include electrolyte imbalance, defective nutrient ingestion or
absorption, hormonal imbalances, toxic chemicals or biologic agents, and
DNA-based genetic disorders. To address these challenges, biochemical
research continues to be interwoven with studies in disciplines such as
genetics, cell biology, immunology, nutrition, pathology, and
pharmacology. In addition, many biochemists are vitally interested in
contributing to solutions to key issues such as the ultimate survival of
mankind, and educating the public to support use of the scientific method
in solving environmental and other major problems that confront our
Impact of the Human Genome Project on
Biochemistry, Biology, & Medicine
Initially unanticipated rapid progress in the late 1990s in sequencing the
human genome led in the mid-2000s to the announcement that over 90%
of the genome had been sequenced. This effort was headed by the
International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium and by Celera
Genomics. Except for a few gaps, the sequence of the entire human
genome was completed in 2003, just 50 years after the description of the
double-helical nature of DNA by Watson and Crick. The implications for
biochemistry, medicine, and indeed for all of biology, are virtually
unlimited. For example, the ability to isolate and sequence a gene and to
investigate its structure and function by sequencing and “gene knockout”
experiments have revealed previously unknown genes and their products,
and new insights have been gained concerning human evolution and
procedures for identifying disease-related genes.
Major advances in biochemistry and understanding human health and
disease continue to be made by mutation of the genomes of model
organisms such as yeast, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the
roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, and the zebra fish, all organisms that
can be genetically manipulated to provide insight into the functions of
individual genes. These advances can potentially provide clues to curing
human diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer disease. Figure 1–2
highlights areas that have developed or accelerated as a direct result of
progress made in the Human Genome Project (HGP). New “-omics” fields
focus on comprehensive study of the structures and functions of the
molecules with which each is concerned. The products of genes (RNA
molecules and proteins) are being studied using the techniques of
transcriptomics and proteomics. A spectacular example of the speed of
progress in transcriptomics is the explosion of knowledge about small
RNA molecules as regulators of gene activity. Other -omics fields include
glycomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, nutrigenomics, and
pharmacogenomics. To keep pace with the information generated,
bioinformatics has received much attention. Other related fields to which
the impetus from the HGP has carried over are biotechnology,
bioengineering, biophysics, and bioethics. Definitions of these -omics
fields and other terms appear in the Glossary of this chapter.
Nanotechnology is an active area, which, for example, may provide novel
methods of diagnosis and treatment for cancer and other disorders. Stem
cell biology is at the center of much current research. Gene therapy has
yet to deliver the promise that it appears to offer, but it seems probable that
ultimately will occur. Many new molecular diagnostic tests have
developed in areas such as genetic, microbiologic, and immunologic
testing and diagnosis. Systems biology is also burgeoning. The outcomes
of research in the various areas mentioned above will impact tremendously
the future of biology, medicine, and the health sciences. Synthetic biology
offers the potential for creating living organisms, initially small bacteria,
from genetic material in vitro that might carry out specific tasks such as
cleansing petroleum spills. All of the above make the 21st century an
exhilarating time to be directly involved in biology and medicine.
FIGURE 1–2 The Human Genome Project (HGP) has influenced
many disciplines and areas of research. Biochemistry is not listed since
it predates commencement of the HGP, but disciplines such as
bioinformatics, genomics, glycomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, molecular
diagnostics, proteomics, and transcriptomics are nevertheless active areas
of biochemical research.
Biochemistry is the science concerned with the molecules present in
living organisms, individual chemical reactions and their enzyme
catalysts, and the expression and regulation of each metabolic process.
Biochemistry has become the basic language of all biologic sciences.
Despite the focus on human biochemistry in this text, biochemistry
concerns the entire spectrum of life forms, from viruses, bacteria, and
plants to complex eukaryotes such as human beings.
Biochemistry, medicine, and other health care disciplines are
intimately related. Health in all species depends on a harmonious
balance of the biochemical reactions occurring in the body, while
disease reflects abnormalities in biomolecules, biochemical reactions,
or biochemical processes.
Advances in biochemical knowledge have illuminated many areas of
medicine, and the study of diseases has often revealed previously
unsuspected aspects of biochemistry.
Biochemical approaches are often fundamental in illuminating the
causes of diseases and in designing appropriate therapy. Biochemical
laboratory tests also represent an integral component of diagnosis and
monitoring of treatment.
A sound knowledge of biochemistry and of other related basic
disciplines is essential for the rational practice of medicine and related
health sciences.
Results of the HGP and of research in related areas will have a
profound influence on the future of biology, medicine, and other
Genomic research on model organisms such as yeast, the fruit fly D.
melanogaster, the roundworm C. elegans, and the zebra fish provides
insight into understanding human diseases.
Bioengineering: The application of engineering to biology and medicine.
Bioethics: The area of ethics that is concerned with the application of
moral and ethical principles to biology and medicine.
Bioinformatics: The discipline concerned with the collection, storage, and
analysis of biologic data, for example, DNA, RNA, and protein
sequences.
Biophysics: The application of physics and its techniques to biology and
Biotechnology: The field in which biochemical, engineering, and other
approaches are combined to develop biologic products of use in
medicine and industry.
Gene Therapy: Applies to the use of genetically engineered genes to treat
various diseases.
Genomics: The genome is the complete set of genes of an organism, and
genomics is the in-depth study of the structures and functions of
genomes.
Glycomics: The glycome is the total complement of simple and complex
carbohydrates in an organism. Glycomics is the systematic study of the
structures and functions of glycomes such as the human glycome.
Lipidomics: The lipidome is the complete complement of lipids found in
an organism. Lipidomics is the in-depth study of the structures and
functions of all members of the lipidome and their interactions, in both
health and disease.
Metabolomics: The metabolome is the complete complement of
metabolites (small molecules involved in metabolism) present in an
organism. Metabolomics is the in-depth study of their structures,
functions, and changes in various metabolic states.
Molecular Diagnostics: Refers to the use of molecular approaches such as
DNA probes to assist in the diagnosis of various biochemical, genetic,
immunologic, microbiologic, and other medical conditions.
Nanotechnology: The development and application to medicine and to
other areas of devices such as nanoshells, which are only a few
nanometers in size (10–9 m = 1 nm).
Nutrigenomics: The systematic study of the effects of nutrients on genetic
expression and of the effects of genetic variations on the metabolism of
nutrients.
Pharmacogenomics: The use of genomic information and technologies to
optimize the discovery and development of new drugs and drug targets.
Proteomics: The proteome is the complete complement of proteins of an
organism. Proteomics is the systematic study of the structures and
functions of proteomes and their variations in health and disease.
Stem Cell Biology: Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the
potential to self-renew and to differentiate into any of the adult cells of
an organism. Stem cell biology concerns the biology of stem cells and
their potential for treating various diseases.
Synthetic Biology: The field that combines biomolecular techniques with
engineering approaches to build new biologic functions and systems.
Systems Biology: The field concerns complex biologic systems studied as
integrated entities.
Transcriptomics: The comprehensive study of the transcriptome, the
complete set of RNA transcripts produced by the genome during a
fixed period of time.
Shown are selected examples of databases that assemble, annotate, and
analyze data of biomedical importance.
ENCODE: ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements. A collaborative effort that
combines laboratory and computational approaches to identify every
functional element in the human genome.
GenBank: Protein sequence database of the National Institutes of Health
(NIH) stores all known biologic nucleotide sequences and their
translations in a searchable form.
HapMap: Haplotype Map, an international effort to identify single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with common human
diseases and differential responses to pharmaceuticals.
ISDB: International Sequence DataBase that incorporates DNA databases
of Japan and of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL).
PDB: Protein DataBase. Three-dimensional structures of proteins,
polynucleotides, and other macromolecules, including proteins bound
to substrates, inhibitors, or other proteins.
Water & pH
Describe the properties of water that account for its surface
tension, viscosity, liquid state at ambient temperature, and solvent
Use structural formulas to represent several organic compounds
that can serve as hydrogen bond donors or acceptors.
Explain the role played by entropy in the orientation, in an
aqueous environment, of the polar and nonpolar regions of
macromolecules.
Indicate the quantitative contributions of salt bridges, hydrophobic
interactions, and van der Waals forces to the stability of
Explain the relationship of pH to acidity, alkalinity, and the
quantitative determinants that characterize weak and strong acids.
Calculate the shift in pH that accompanies the addition of a given
quantity of acid or base to the pH of a buffered solution.
Describe what buffers do, how they do it, and the conditions under
which a buffer is most effective under physiologic or other
Illustrate how the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be used to
calculate the net charge on a polyelectrolyte at a given pH.
Water is the predominant chemical component of living organisms. Its
unique physical properties, which include the ability to solvate a wide
range of organic and inorganic molecules, derive from water’s dipolar
structure and exceptional capacity for forming hydrogen bonds. The
manner in which water interacts with a solvated biomolecule influences
the structure both of the biomolecule and of water itself. An excellent
nucleophile, water is a reactant or product in many metabolic reactions.
Regulation of water balance depends upon hypothalamic mechanisms that
control thirst, on antidiuretic hormone (ADH), on retention or excretion of
water by the kidneys, and on evaporative loss. Nephrogenic diabetes
insipidus, which involves the inability to concentrate urine or adjust to
subtle changes in extracellular fluid osmolarity, results from the
unresponsiveness of renal tubular osmoreceptors to ADH.
Water has a slight propensity to dissociate into hydroxide ions and
protons. The concentration of protons, or acidity, of aqueous solutions is
generally reported using the logarithmic pH scale. Bicarbonate and other
buffers normally maintain the pH of extracellular fluid between 7.35 and
7.45. Suspected disturbances of acid-base balance are verified by
measuring the pH of arterial blood and the CO2 content of venous blood.
Causes of acidosis (blood pH <7.35) include diabetic ketosis and lactic
acidosis. Alkalosis (pH >7.45) may follow vomiting of acidic gastric
WATER IS AN IDEAL BIOLOGIC SOLVENT
Water Molecules Form Dipoles
A water molecule is an irregular, slightly skewed tetrahedron with oxygen
at its center (Figure 2–1). The two hydrogens and the unshared electrons
of the remaining two sp3-hybridized orbitals occupy the corners of the
tetrahedron. The 105° angle between the two hydrogen atoms differs
slightly from the ideal tetrahedral angle, 109.5°. Ammonia is also
tetrahedral, with a 107° angle between its three hydrogens. The strongly
electronegative oxygen atom in a water molecule attracts electrons away
from the hydrogen nuclei, leaving them with a partial positive charge,
while its two unshared electron pairs constitute a region of local negative
FIGURE 2–1 The water molecule has tetrahedral geometry.
A molecule with electrical charge distributed asymmetrically about its
structure is referred to as a dipole. Water’s strong dipole is responsible for
its high dielectric constant. As described quantitatively by Coulomb’s
law, the strength of interaction F between oppositely charged particles is
inversely proportionate to the dielectric constant ε of the surrounding
medium. The dielectric constant for a vacuum is essentially unity; for
hexane it is 1.9; for ethanol, 24.3; and for water at 25°C, 78.5. Water
therefore greatly decreases the force of attraction between charged and
polar species relative to water-free environments with lower dielectric
constants. Its strong dipole and high dielectric constant enable water to
dissolve large quantities of charged compounds such as salts.
Water Molecules Form Hydrogen Bonds
A partially unshielded hydrogen nucleus covalently bound to an electronwithdrawing oxygen or nitrogen atom can interact with an unshared
electron pair on another oxygen or nitrogen atom to form a hydrogen
bond. Since water molecules contain both of these features, hydrogen
bonding favors the self-association of water molecules into ordered arrays
(Figure 2–2). Hydrogen bonding profoundly influences the physical
properties of water and accounts for its relatively high viscosity, surface
tension, and boiling point. On average, each molecule in liquid water
associates through hydrogen bonds with 3.5 others. These bonds are both
relatively weak and transient, with a half-life of a few picoseconds.
Rupture of a hydrogen bond in liquid water requires only about 4.5
kcal/mol, less than 5% of the energy required to rupture a covalent O—H
bond.
FIGURE 2–2 Water molecules self-associate via hydrogen bonds.
Shown are the association of two water molecules (left) and a hydrogenbonded cluster of four water molecules (right). Notice that water can serve
simultaneously both as a hydrogen donor and as a hydrogen acceptor.
Hydrogen bonding enables water to dissolve many organic
biomolecules that contain functional groups which can participate in
hydrogen bonding. The oxygen atoms of aldehydes, ketones, and amides,
for example, provide lone pairs of electrons that can serve as hydrogen
acceptors. Alcohols, carboxylic acids, and amines can serve both as
hydrogen acceptors and as donors of unshielded hydrogen atoms for
formation of hydrogen bonds (Figure 2–3).
FIGURE 2–3 Additional polar groups participate in hydrogen
bonding. Shown are hydrogen bonds formed between alcohol and water,
between two molecules of ethanol, and between the peptide carbonyl
oxygen and the peptide nitrogen hydrogen of an adjacent amino acid.
INTERACTION WITH WATER INFLUENCES
THE STRUCTURE OF BIOMOLECULES
Covalent and Noncovalent Bonds Stabilize Biologic
The covalent bond is the strongest force that holds molecules together
(Table 2–1). Noncovalent forces, while of lesser magnitude, make
significant contributions to the structure, stability, and functional
competence of macromolecules in living cells. These forces, which can be
either attractive or repulsive, involve interactions both within the
biomolecule and between it and the water that forms the principal
component of the surrounding environment.
TABLE 2–1 Bond Energies for Atoms of Biologic Significance
Biomolecules Fold to Position Polar & Charged
Groups on Their Surfaces
Most biomolecules are amphipathic; that is, they possess regions rich in
charged or polar functional groups as well as regions with hydrophobic
character. Proteins tend to fold with the R-groups of amino acids with
hydrophobic side chains in the interior. Amino acids with charged or polar
amino acid side chains (eg, arginine, glutamate, serine, see Table 3–1)
generally are present on the surface in contact with water. A similar
pattern prevails in a phospholipid bilayer where the charged “head groups”
of phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylethanolamine contact water while
their hydrophobic fatty acyl side chains cluster together, excluding water
(see Figure 40–5). This pattern maximizes the opportunities for the
formation of energetically favorable charge-dipole, dipole-dipole, and
hydrogen bonding interactions between polar groups on the biomolecule
and water. It also minimizes energetically unfavorable contacts between
water and hydrophobic groups.
Hydrophobic interaction refers to the tendency of nonpolar compounds to
self-associate in an aqueous environment. This self-association is driven
neither by mutual attraction nor by what are sometimes incorrectly referred
to as “hydrophobic bonds.” Self-association minimizes the disruption of
energetically favorable interactions between the surrounding water
molecules.
While the hydrogens of nonpolar groups such as the methylene groups
of hydrocarbons do not form hydrogen bonds, they do affect the structure
of the water that surrounds them. Water molecules adjacent to a
hydrophobic group are restricted in the number of orientations (degrees of
freedom) that permit them to participate in the maximum number of
energetically favorable hydrogen bonds. Maximal formation of multiple
hydrogen bonds, which maximizes enthalpy, can be maintained only by
increasing the order of the adjacent water molecules, with an
accompanying decrease in entropy.
It follows from the second law of thermodynamics that the optimal free
energy of a hydrocarbon-water mixture is a function of both maximal
enthalpy (from hydrogen bonding) and highest entropy (maximum degrees
of freedom). Thus, nonpolar molecules tend to form droplets that minimize
exposed surface area and reduce the number of water molecules whose
motional freedom becomes restricted. Similarly, in the aqueous
environment of the living cell the hydrophobic portions of biopolymers
tend to be buried inside the structure of the molecule, or within a lipid
bilayer, minimizing contact with water.
Electrostatic Interactions
Interactions between charged groups help shape biomolecular structure.
Electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged groups within or
between biomolecules are termed salt bridges. Salt bridges are
comparable in strength to hydrogen bonds but act over larger distances.
They therefore often facilitate the binding of charged molecules and ions
to proteins and nucleic acids.
van der Waals forces arise from attractions between transient dipoles
generated by the rapid movement of electrons of all neutral atoms.
Significantly weaker than hydrogen bonds but potentially extremely
numerous, van der Waals forces decrease as the sixth power of the
distance separating atoms (Figure 2–4). Thus, they act over very short
distances, typically 2 to 4 Å.
FIGURE 2–4 The strength of van der Waals interactions varies with
the distance, R, between interacting species. The force of interaction
between interacting species increases with decreasing distance between
them until they are separated by the van der Waals contact distance (see
arrow marked A). Repulsion due to interaction between the electron clouds
of each atom or molecule then supervenes. While individual van der Waals
interactions are extremely weak, their cumulative effect is nevertheless
substantial for macromolecules such as DNA and proteins which have
many atoms in close contact.
Multiple Forces Stabilize Biomolecules
The DNA double helix illustrates the contribution of multiple forces to the
structure of biomolecules. While each individual DNA strand is held
together by covalent bonds, the two strands of the helix are held together
exclusively by noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonds between
nucleotide bases (Watson-Crick base pairing) and van der Waals
interactions between the stacked purine and pyrimidine bases. The double
helix presents the charged phosphate groups and polar hydroxyl groups
from the ribose sugars of the DNA backbone to water while burying the
relatively hydrophobic nucleotide bases inside. The extended backbone
maximizes the distance between negatively charged phosphates,
minimizing unfavorable electrostatic interactions (see Figure 34–2).
WATER IS AN EXCELLENT NUCLEOPHILE
Metabolic reactions often involve the attack by lone pairs of electrons
residing on electron-rich molecules termed nucleophiles upon electronpoor atoms called electrophiles. Nucleophiles and electrophiles do not
necessarily possess a formal negative or positive charge. Water, whose two
lone pairs of sp3 electrons bear a partial negative charge (see Figure 2–1),
is an excellent nucleophile. Other nucleophiles of biologic importance
include the oxygen atoms of phosphates, alcohols, and carboxylic acids;
the sulfur of thiols; and the nitrogen atom of amines and of the imidazole
ring of histidine. Common electrophiles include the carbonyl carbons in
amides, esters, aldehydes, and ketones and the phosphorus atoms of
phosphoesters.
Nucleophilic attack by water typically results in the cleavage of the
amide, glycoside, or ester bonds that hold biopolymers together. This
process is termed hydrolysis. Conversely, when monomer units are joined
together to form biopolymers, such as proteins or glycogen, water is a
product, for example, during the formation of a peptide bond between two
amino acids.
While hydrolysis is a thermodynamically favored reaction, the amide
and phosphoester bonds of polypeptides and oligonucleotides are stable in
the aqueous environment of the cell. This seemingly paradoxical behavior
reflects the fact that the thermodynamics that govern the equilibrium point
of a reaction do not determine the rate at which it will proceed toward its
equilibrium point. In the cell, protein catalysts called enzymes accelerate
the rate of hydrolytic reactions when needed. Proteases catalyze the
hydrolysis of proteins into their component amino acids, while nucleases
catalyze the hydrolysis of the phosphoester bonds in DNA and RNA.
Careful control of the activities of these enzymes is required to ensure that
they act only at appropriate times.
Many Metabolic Reactions Involve Group Transfer
Many of the enzymic reactions responsible for synthesis and breakdown of
biomolecules involve the transfer of a chemical group G from a donor D to
an acceptor A to form an acceptor group complex, A—G:
The hydrolysis and phosphorolysis of glycogen, for example, involve the
transfer of glucosyl groups to water or to orthophosphate. The equilibrium
constant for the hydrolysis of covalent bonds strongly favors the formation
of split products. Conversely, many group transfer reactions responsible
for the biosynthesis of macromolecules involve the thermodynamically
unfavored formation of covalent bonds. Enzyme catalysts play a critical
role in surmounting these barriers by virtue of their capacity to directly
link two normally separate reactions together. By linking an energetically
unfavorable group transfer reaction with a thermodynamically favorable
reaction, such as the hydrolysis of ATP, a new coupled reaction can be
generated whose net overall change in free energy favors biopolymer
Given the nucleophilic character of water and its high concentration in
cells, why are biopolymers such as proteins and DNA relatively stable?
And how can synthesis of biopolymers occur in an aqueous environment
that favors hydrolysis? Central to both questions are the properties of
enzymes. In the absence of enzymic catalysis, even reactions that are
highly favored thermodynamically do not necessarily take place rapidly.
Precise and differential control of enzyme activity and the sequestration of
enzymes in specific organelles determine the physiologic circumstances
under which a given biopolymer will be synthesized or degraded. The
ability of enzyme active sites to sequester substrates in an environment
from which water can be excluded facilitates biopolymer synthesis.
Water Molecules Exhibit a Slight but Important
Tendency to Dissociate
The ability of water to ionize, while slight, is of central importance for life.
Since water can act both as an acid and as a base, its ionization may be
represented as an intermolecular proton transfer that forms a hydronium
ion (H3O+) and a hydroxide ion (OH−):
The transferred proton is actually associated with a cluster of water
molecules. Protons exist in solution not only as H3O+, but also as
multimers such as H5O2+ and H7O3+. The proton is nevertheless routinely
represented as H+, even though it is in fact highly hydrated.
Since hydronium and hydroxide ions continuously recombine to form
water molecules, an individual hydrogen or oxygen cannot be stated to be
present as an ion or as part of a water molecule. At one instant it is an ion;
an instant later it is part of a water molecule. Individual ions or molecules
are therefore not considered. We refer instead to the probability that at any
instant in time a given hydrogen will be present as an ion or as part of a
water molecule. Since 1 g of water contains 3.46 × 1022 molecules, the
ionization of water can be described statistically. To state that the
probability that a hydrogen exists as an ion is 0.01 means that at any given
moment in time, a hydrogen atom has 1 chance in 100 of being an ion and
99 chances out of 100 of being part of a water molecule. The actual
probability of a hydrogen atom in pure water existing as a hydrogen ion is
approximately 1.8 × 10−9. The probability of its being part of a water
molecule thus is almost unity. Stated another way, for every hydrogen ion
or hydroxide ion in pure water, there are 0.56 billion or 0.56 × 109 water
molecules. Hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions nevertheless contribute
significantly to the properties of water.
For dissociation of water,
where the brackets represent molar concentrations (strictly speaking, molar
activities) and K is the dissociation constant. Since 1 mole (mol) of water
weighs 18 g, 1 liter (L) (1000 g) of water contains 1000 ÷ 18 = 55.56 mol.
Pure water thus is 55.56 molar. Since the probability that a hydrogen in
pure water will exist as a hydrogen ion is 1.8 × 10−9, the molar
concentration of H+ ions (or of OH− ions) in pure water is the product of
the probability, 1.8 × 10−9, times the molar concentration of water, 55.56
mol/L. The result is 1.0 × 10−7 mol/L.
We can now calculate the dissociation constant K for pure water:
The molar concentration of water, 55.56 mol/L, is too great to be
significantly affected by dissociation. It is therefore considered to be
essentially constant. This constant may therefore be incorporated into the
dissociation constant K to provide a useful new constant Kw termed the ion
product for water. The relationship between Kw and K is shown below:
Note that the dimensions of K are moles per liter and those of Kw are
moles2 per liter2. As its name suggests, the ion product Kw is numerically
equal to the product of the molar concentrations of H+ and OH−:
At 25°C, Kw = (10−7)2, or 10−14 (mol/L)2. At temperatures below 25°C,
Kw is somewhat less than 10−14, and at temperatures above 25°C it is
somewhat greater than 10−14. Within the stated limitations of temperature,
Kw equals 10−14 (mol/L)2 for all aqueous solutions, even solutions of
acids or bases. We use Kw to calculate the pH of acidic and basic
pH IS THE NEGATIVE LOG OF THE HYDROGEN
The term pH was introduced in 1909 by Sörensen, who defined it as the
negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration:
This definition, while not rigorous, suffices for many biochemical
purposes. To calculate the pH of a solution:
1. Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration [H+].
2. Calculate the base 10 logarithm of [H+].
3. pH is the negative of the value found in step 2.
For example, for pure water at 25°C,
This value is also known as the power (English), puissant (French), or
potennz (German) of the exponent, hence the use of the term “p.”
Low pH values correspond to high concentrations of H+ and high pH
values correspond to low concentrations of H+.
Acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors. Strong
acids (eg, HCl, H2SO4) completely dissociate into anions and protons
even in strongly acidic solutions (low pH). Weak acids dissociate only
partially in acidic solutions. Similarly, strong bases (eg, KOH, NaOH),
but not weak bases like Ca(OH)2, are completely dissociated even at high
pH. Many biochemicals are weak acids. Exceptions include
phosphorylated intermediates, whose phosphoryl group contains two
dissociable protons, the first of which is strongly acidic.
The following examples illustrate how to calculate the pH of acidic and
basic solutions.
Example 1: What is the pH of a solution whose hydrogen ion
concentration is 3.2 × 10−4 mol/L?
Example 2: What is the pH of a solution whose hydroxide ion
concentration is 4.0 × 10−4 mol/L? We first define a quantity pOH that is
equal to −log[OH−] and that may be derived from the definition of Kw:
To solve the problem by this approach:
The examples above illustrate how the logarithmic pH scale facilitates
recording and comparing hydrogen ion concentrations that differ by orders
of magnitude from one another, 0.00032 M (pH 3.5) and 0.000000000025
M (pH 10.6).
Example 3: What are the pH values of (a) 2.0 × 10−2 mol/L KOH and
of (b) 2.0 × 10−6 mol/L KOH? The OH− arises from two sources, KOH
and water. Since pH is determined by the total [H+] (and pOH by the total
[OH−]), both sources must be considered. In the first case (a), the
contribution of water to the total [OH−] is negligible. The same cannot be
said for the second case (b):
Once a decision has been reached about the significance of the
contribution of water, pH may be calculated as above.
The above examples assume that the strong base KOH is completely
dissociated in solution and that the concentration of OH− ions was thus
equal to that due to the KOH plus that present initially in the water. This
assumption is valid for dilute solutions of strong bases or acids, but not for
weak bases or acids. Since weak electrolytes dissociate only slightly in
solution, we must use the dissociation constant to calculate the
concentration of [H+] (or [OH−]) produced by a given molarity of a weak
acid (or base) before calculating total [H+] (or total [OH−]) and
subsequently pH.
Functional Groups That Are Weak Acids Have Great
Physiologic Significance
Many biochemicals possess functional groups that are weak acids or bases.
Carboxyl groups, amino groups, and phosphate esters, whose second
dissociation falls within the physiologic range, are present in proteins and
nucleic acids, most coenzymes, and most intermediary metabolites.
Knowledge of the dissociation of weak acids and bases thus is basic to
understanding the influence of intracellular pH on structure and biologic
activity. Charge-based separations such as electrophoresis and ion
exchange chromatography are also best understood in terms of the
dissociation behavior of functional groups.
We term the protonated species (HA or R—NH3+) the acid and the
unprotonated species (A− or R—NH2) its conjugate base. Similarly, we
may refer to a base (A− or R—NH2) and its conjugate acid (HA or R—
NH3+).
We express the relative strengths of weak acids and bases in terms of
their dissociation constants. Shown below are the expressions for the
dissociation constant (Ka) for two representative weak acids, R—COOH
and R—NH3+.
Since the numeric values of Ka for weak acids are negative exponential
numbers, we express Ka as pKa, where
Note that pKa is related to Ka as pH is to [H+]. The stronger the acid, the
lower is its pKa value.
Representative weak acids (left), their conjugate bases (center), and pKa
values (right) include the following:
pKa is used to express the relative strengths of both acids and bases. For
any weak acid, its conjugate is a strong base. Similarly, the conjugate of a
strong base is a weak acid. The relative strengths of bases are expressed
in terms of the pKa of their conjugate acids. For polyprotic compounds
containing more than one dissociable proton, a numerical subscript is
assigned to each dissociation, numbered starting from unity in decreasing
order of relative acidity. For a dissociation of the type
the pKa is the pH at which the concentration of the acid R—NH3+ equals
that of the base R—NH2.
From the above equations that relate Ka to [H+] and to the
concentrations of undissociated acid and its conjugate base, when
Thus, when the associated (protonated) and dissociated (conjugate base)
species are present at equal concentrations, the prevailing hydrogen ion
concentration [H+] is numerically equal to the dissociation constant, Ka. If
the logarithms of both sides of the above equation are taken and both sides
are multiplied by −1, the expressions would be as follows:
Since −log Ka is defined as pKa, and −log [H+] defines pH, the equation
may be rewritten as
that is, the pKa of an acid group is the pH at which the protonated and
unprotonated species are present at equal concentrations. The pKa for
an acid may be determined by adding 0.5 equivalent of alkali per
equivalent of acid. The resulting pH will equal the pKa of the acid.
The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation Describes the
Behavior of Weak Acids & Buffers
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is derived below.
A weak acid, HA, ionizes as follows:
The equilibrium constant for this dissociation is
Cross-multiplication gives
Divide both sides by [A−]:
Take the log of both sides:
Multiply through by −1:
Substitute pH and pKa for −log [H+] and −log Ka, respectively; then
Inversion of the last term removes the minus sign and gives the
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation has great predictive value in protonic
equilibria. For example,
1. When an acid is exactly half-neutralized, [A−] = [HA]. Under these
Therefore, at half-neutralization, pH = pKa.
2. When the ratio [A−]/[HA] = 100:1,
3. When the ratio [A−]/[HA] = 1:10,
If the equation is evaluated at ratios of [A−]/[HA] ranging from 103 to
10−3 and the calculated pH values are plotted, the resulting graph
describes the titration curve for a weak acid (Figure 2–5).
FIGURE 2–5 Titration curve for an acid of the type HA. The heavy
dot in the center of the curve indicates the pKa, 5.0.
Solutions of Weak Acids & Their Salts Buffer
Changes in pH
Solutions of weak acids or bases and their conjugates exhibit buffering,
the ability to resist a change in pH following addition of strong acid or
base. Many metabolic reactions are accompanied by the release or uptake
of protons. Oxidative metabolism produces CO2, the anhydride of
carbonic acid, which if not buffered would produce severe acidosis.
Biologic maintenance of a constant pH involves buffering by phosphate,
bicarbonate, and proteins, which accept or release protons to resist a
change in pH. For laboratory experiments using tissue extracts or enzymes,
constant pH is maintained by the addition of buffers such as MES ([2-Nmorpholino]-ethanesulfonic acid, pKa 6.1), inorganic orthophosphate
(pKa2 7.2), HEPES (N-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid,
pKa 6.8), or Tris (tris[hydroxymethyl]aminomethane, pKa 8.3). The value
of pKa relative to the desired pH is the major determinant of which buffer
is selected.
Buffering can be observed by using a pH meter while titrating a weak
acid or base (Figure 2–5). We can also calculate the pH shift that
accompanies addition of acid or base to a buffered solution. In the example
below, the buffered solution (a weak acid, pKa = 5.0, and its conjugate
base) is initially at one of four pH values. We will calculate the pH shift
that results when 0.1 meq of KOH is added to 1 meq of each solution:
Notice that ΔpH, the change in pH per milliequivalent of OH− added,
depends on the initial pH. The solution resists changes in pH most
effectively at pH values close to the pKa. A solution of a weak acid and
its conjugate base buffers most effectively in the pH range pKa ± 1.0
pH unit.
Figure 2–5 also illustrates how the net charge on one molecule of the
acid varies with pH. A fractional charge of −0.5 does not mean that an
individual molecule bears a fractional charge but that the probability is 0.5
that a given molecule has a unit negative charge at any given moment in
time. Consideration of the net charge on macromolecules as a function of
pH provides the basis for separatory techniques such as ion exchange
chromatography and electrophoresis (see Chapter 4).
Acid Strength Depends on Molecular Structure
Many acids of biologic interest possess more than one dissociating group.
The presence of local negative charge hinders proton release from nearby
acidic groups, raising their pKa. This is illustrated by the pKa values of the
three dissociating groups of phosphoric acid and citric acid (Table 2–2).
The effect of adjacent charge decreases with distance. The second pKa for
succinic acid, which has two methylene groups between its carboxyl
groups, is 5.6, whereas the second pKa for glutaric acid, which has one
additional methylene group, is 5.4.
TABLE 2–2 Relative Strengths of Monoprotic, Diprotic, and
Triprotic Acids
pKa Values Depend on the Properties of the Medium
The pKa of a functional group is also profoundly influenced by the
surrounding medium. The medium may either raise or lower the pKa
relative to its value in water, depending on whether the undissociated acid
or its conjugate base is the charged species. The effect of dielectric
constant on pKa may be observed by adding ethanol to water. The pKa of a
carboxylic acid increases, whereas that of an amine decreases because
ethanol decreases the ability of water to solvate a charged species. The pKa
values of dissociating groups in the interiors of proteins thus are
profoundly affected by their local environment, including the presence or
absence of water.
Water forms hydrogen-bonded clusters with itself and with other
proton donors or acceptors. Hydrogen bonds account for the surface
tension, viscosity, liquid state at room temperature, and solvent power
of water.
Compounds that contain O or N can serve as hydrogen bond donors
and/or acceptors.
Entropic forces dictate that macromolecules expose polar regions to an
aqueous interface and bury nonpolar regions.
Salt bridges, hydrophobic interactions, and van der Waals forces
participate in maintaining molecular structure.
pH is the negative log of [H+]. A low pH characterizes an acidic
solution, and a high pH denotes a basic solution.
The strength of weak acids is expressed by pKa, the negative log of
the acid dissociation constant. Strong acids have low pKa values and
weak acids have high pKa values.
Buffers resist a change in pH when protons are produced or
consumed. Maximum buffering capacity occurs ±1 pH unit on either
side of pKa. Physiologic buffers include bicarbonate, orthophosphate,
and proteins.
Reese KM: Whence came the symbol pH. Chem & Eng News 2004;82:64.
Segel IM: Biochemical Calculations. Wiley, 1968.
Skinner JL: Following the motions of water molecules in aqueous
solutions. Science 2010;328:985.
Stillinger FH: Water revisited. Science 1980;209:451.
Suresh SJ, Naik VM: Hydrogen bond thermodynamic properties of water
from dielectric constant data. J Chem Phys 2000;113:9727.
Wiggins PM: Role of water in some biological processes. Microbiol Rev
1990;54:432.
Amino Acids & Peptides
Diagram the structures and write the three- and one-letter
designations for each of the amino acids present in proteins.
Provide examples of how each type of R group of the protein
amino acids contributes to their chemical properties.
List additional important functions of amino acids and explain
how certain amino acids in plant seeds can severely impact human
Name the ionizable groups of the protein amino acids and list their
approximate pKa values as free amino acids in aqueous solution.
Calculate the pH of an unbuffered aqueous solution of a
polyfunctional amino acid and the change in pH that occurs
following the addition of a given quantity of strong acid or alkali.
Define pI and explain its relationship to the net charge on a
polyfunctional electrolyte.
Explain how pH, pKa and pI can be used to predict the mobility of
a polyelectrolyte, such as an amino acid, in a direct-current
electrical field.
Describe the directionality, nomenclature, and primary structure of
peptides.
Describe the conformational consequences of the partial doublebond character of the peptide bond and identify the bonds in the
peptide backbone that are free to rotate.
L-α-Amino acids provide the monomer units of the long polypeptide
chains of proteins. In addition, these amino acids and their derivatives
participate in cellular functions as diverse as nerve transmission, and the
biosynthesis of porphyrins, purines, pyrimidines, and urea. The
neuroendocrine system employs short polymers of amino acids called
peptides as hormones, hormone-releasing factors, neuromodulators, and
neurotransmitters. Humans and other higher animals cannot synthesize 10
of the L-α-amino acids present in proteins in amounts adequate to support
infant growth or to maintain adult health. Consequently, the human diet
must contain adequate quantities of these nutritionally essential amino
acids. Each day the kidneys filter over 50 g of free amino acids from the
arterial renal blood. However, only traces of free amino acids normally
appear in the urine because amino acids are almost totally reabsorbed in
the proximal tubule, conserving them for protein synthesis and other vital
Certain microorganisms secrete free D-amino acids, or peptides that
may contain both D- and L-α-amino acids. Several of these bacterial
peptides are of therapeutic value, including the antibiotics bacitracin and
gramicidin A, and the antitumor agent bleomycin. Certain other microbial
peptides are, however, toxic. The cyanobacterial peptides microcystin and
nodularin are lethal in large doses, while small quantities promote the
formation of hepatic tumors. The ingestion of certain amino acids present
in the seeds of legumes of the genus Lathyrus can result in lathyrism, a
tragic irreversible disease in which individuals lose control of their limbs.
Certain other plant seed amino acids have also been implicated in
neurodegenerative disease in natives of Guam.
PROPERTIES OF AMINO ACIDS
The Genetic Code Specifies 20 L-α-Amino Acids
Although more than 300 amino acids occur in nature, proteins are
synthesized almost exclusively from the set of 20 L-α-amino acids encoded
by nucleotide triplets called codons (see Table 37–1). While the threeletter genetic code could potentially accommodate more than 20 amino
acids, the genetic code is redundant since several amino acids are specified
by multiple codons. Scientists frequently represent the sequences of
peptides and proteins using one- and three-letter abbreviations for each
amino acid (Table 3–1). The R groups of amino acids can be characterized
as being either hydrophilic or hydrophobic (Table 3–2); properties that
affect their location in a protein’s mature folded conformation (see Chapter
5). Some proteins contain additional amino acids that arise by the
posttranslational modification of an amino acid already present in a
peptide. Examples include the conversion of peptidyl proline and peptidyl
lysine to 4-hydroxyproline and 5-hydroxylysine; the conversion of
peptidyl glutamate to γ-carboxyglutamate; and the methylation,
formylation, acetylation, prenylation, and phosphorylation of certain
aminoacyl residues. These modifications significantly extend the biologic
diversity of proteins by altering their solubility, stability, catalytic activity,
and interaction with other proteins.
TABLE 3–1 L-α-Amino Acids Present in Proteins
TABLE 3–2 Hydrophilic & Hydrophobic Amino Acids
Selenocysteine, the 21st Protein L-α-Amino Acid
Selenocysteine (Figure 3–1) is an L-α-amino acid present in proteins from
every domain of life. Humans contain approximately two dozen
selenoproteins that include certain peroxidases and reductases,
selenoprotein P, which circulates in the plasma, and the iodothyronine
deiodinases responsible for converting the prohormone thyroxine (T4) to
the thyroid hormone 3,3′5-triiodothyronine (T3) (see Chapter 41). Peptidyl
selenocysteine is not the product of a posttranslational modification, but is
inserted directly into a growing polypeptide during translation.
Selenocysteine thus is commonly termed the “21st amino acid.” However,
unlike the other 20 protein amino acids, incorporation of selenocysteine is
specified by a large and complex genetic element for the unusual tRNA
called tRNASec which utilizes the UGA anticodon that normally signals
STOP. However, the protein synthetic apparatus can identify a
selenocysteine-specific UGA codon by the presence of an accompanying
stem-loop structure, the selenocysteine insertion element, in the
untranslated region of the mRNA (see Chapter 27).
FIGURE 3–1 Cysteine (left) & selenocysteine (right). pK3, for the
selenyl proton of selenocysteine is 5.2. Since this is 3 pH units lower than
that of cysteine, selenocysteine represents a better nucleophile at or below
Stereochemistry of the Protein Amino Acids
With the sole exception of glycine, the α-carbon of every amino acid is
chiral. Although some protein amino acids are dextrorotatory and some
levorotatory, all share the absolute configuration of L-glyceraldehyde and
thus are defined as L-α-amino acids. Even though almost all protein amino
acids are (R), the failure to use (R) or (S) to express absolute
stereochemistry is no mere historical aberration. L-Cysteine is (S) since the
atomic mass of the sulfur atom on C3 exceeds that of the amino group on
C2. More significantly, in mammals the biochemical reactions of L-αamino acids, their precursors, and their catabolites are catalyzed by
enzymes that act exclusively on L-isomers, irrespective of their absolute
Posttranslational Modifications Confer Additional
While some prokaryotes incorporate pyrrolysine into proteins, and plants
can incorporate azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, an analog of proline, a set of
just 21 L-α-amino acids clearly suffices for the formation of most proteins.
Posttranslational modifications can, however, generate novel R groups that
impart further properties. In collagen, protein-bound proline and lysine
residues are converted to 4-hydroxyproline and 5-hydroxylysine (Figure
3–2). The carboxylation of glutamyl residues of proteins of the blood
coagulation cascade to γ-carboxyglutamyl residues (Figure 3–3) forms a
chelating group for the calcium ion essential for blood coagulation. The
amino acid side chains of histones are subject to numerous modifications,
including acetylation and methylation of lysine and methylation and
deamination of arginine (see Chapters 35 and 37). It is also now possible
in the laboratory to genetically introduce many different unnatural amino
acids into proteins, generating proteins via recombinant gene expression
with new or enhanced properties and providing a new way to explore
protein structure–function relationships.
FIGURE 3–2 4-Hydroxyproline & 5-hydroxylysine.
FIGURE 3–3 γ-Carboxyglutamic acid.
Extraterrestrial Amino Acids Have Been Detected in
In February 2013, the explosion of an approximately 20,000 metric ton
meteor in the skies above Chelyabinsk, Western Siberia, dramatically
demonstrated its potential destructive power. However, some meteorites,
the remnants of asteroids that have reached earth, contain traces of several
α-amino acids. These include the protein amino acids Ala, Asp, Glu, Gly,
Ile, Leu, Phe, Ser, Thr, Tyr, and Val, as well as biologically important
nonprotein α-amino acids such as N-methylglycine (sarcosine) and βalanine.
Extraterrestrial amino acids were first reported in 1969 following
analysis of the famous Murchison meteorite from southeastern Australia.
The presence of amino acids in other meteorites, including some pristine
examples from Antarctica, has now been amply confirmed. Unlike
terrestrial amino acids, these meteorites contain racemic mixtures of Dand L-isomers of 3- to 5-carbon amino acids, as well as many additional
amino acids that lack terrestrial counterparts of biotic origin. Nucleobases,
activated phosphates, and molecules related to sugars have also been
detected in meteorites. These findings offer potential insights into the
prebiotic chemistry of Earth, and impact the search for extraterrestrial life.
Some speculate that meteorites may have contributed to the origin of life
on our planet, by delivering extraterrestrially generated organic molecules
to our earth.
L-α-Amino Acids Serve Additional Metabolic Roles
L-α-Amino acids fulfill vital metabolic roles in addition to serving as the
“building blocks” of proteins. For example, tyrosine is a precursor of
thyroid hormone, and both tyrosine and phenylalanine are metabolized to
epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA).
Glutamate is both a neurotransmitter and the precursor of γ-aminobutyric
acid (GABA). Ornithine and citrulline are intermediates in urea
biosynthesis, and homocysteine, homoserine, and glutamate-γsemialdehyde are intermediates in the metabolism of the protein amino
acids.
Certain Plant L-α-Amino Acids Can Adversely
Impact Human Health
The consumption of plants that contain certain nonprotein amino acids can
adversely impact human health. The seeds and seed products of three
species of the legume Lathyrus have been implicated in the genesis of
neurolathyrism, a profound neurologic disorder characterized by
progressive and irreversible spastic paralysis of the legs. Lathyrism occurs
widely during famines, when Lathyrus seeds represent a major
contribution to the diet. L-α-Amino acids that have been implicated in
human neurologic disorders, notably neurolathyrisms, include Lhomoarginine and β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP
Table 3–3). The seeds of the “sweet pea,” a Lathyrus legume that is
widely consumed during famines, contain the osteolathyrogen γ-glutamylβ-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), a glutamine derivative of βaminopropionitrile (structure not shown). The seeds of certain Lathyrus
species also contain α,γ-diaminobutyric acid, which as an analog of
ornithine inhibits the hepatic urea cycle enzyme ornithine
transcarbamylase, disrupts the urea cycle, and leads to ammonia toxicity.
Finally, L-β-methylaminoalanine, a neurotoxic amino acid that is present
in Cycad seeds, has been implicated as a risk factor for neurodegenerative
diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis–Parkinson dementia
complex in natives of Guam who consume either fruit bats that feed on
cycad fruit, or flour made from cycad seeds.
TABLE 3–3 Potentially Toxic L-α-Amino Acids
D-Amino Acids
D-Amino acids that occur naturally include free D-serine and D-aspartate
in human brain tissue, D-alanine and D-glutamate in the cell walls of grampositive bacteria, and D-amino acids in certain peptides and antibiotics
produced by bacteria, fungi, reptiles, and amphibians. Bacillus subtilis
excretes D-methionine, D-tyrosine, D-leucine, and D-tryptophan to trigger
biofilm disassembly, and Vibrio cholerae incorporates D-leucine and Dmethionine into the peptide component of its peptidoglycan layer.
PROPERTIES OF THE FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
OF AMINO ACIDS
Amino Acids May Have Positive, Negative, or Zero
Net Charge
In aqueous solution, the charged and uncharged forms of the ionizable
weak acid groups —COOH and —NH3+ exist in dynamic protonic
equilibrium:
While both R—COOH and R—NH3+ are weak acids, R—COOH is a far
stronger acid than R—NH3+. Thus, at physiologic pH (pH 7.4), carboxyl
groups exist almost entirely as R—COO- and amino groups predominantly
as R—NH3+. The imidazole group of histidine and the guanidino group of
arginine exists as resonance hybrids with positive charge distributed
between two nitrogens (histidine) or three nitrogens (arginine) (Figure 3–
4). Figure 3–5 illustrates the effect that the pH of the aqueous
environment has on the charged state of aspartic acid.
FIGURE 3–4 Resonance hybrids of the protonated R groups of
histidine (top) and arginine (bottom).
FIGURE 3–5 Protonic equilibria of aspartic acid.
Molecules that contain an equal number of positively and negatively
charged groups bear no net charge. These ionized neutral species are
termed zwitterions. Amino acids in blood and most tissues thus should be
represented as in A, below.
Structure B cannot exist in aqueous solution because at any pH low
enough to protonate the carboxyl group, the amino group would also be
protonated. Similarly, at any pH sufficiently high for an uncharged amino
group to predominate, a carboxyl group will be present as R—COO-. The
uncharged representation B is, however, often used when diagramming
reactions that do not involve protonic equilibria.
pKa Values Express the Strengths of Weak Acids
The strengths of weak acids are expressed as their pKa. For molecules with
multiple dissociable protons, the pKa for each acidic group is designated
by replacing the subscript “a” with a number. The net charge on an amino
acid—the algebraic sum of all the positively and negatively charged
groups present—depends on the pKa values of its functional groups and
the pH of the surrounding medium. In the laboratory, altering the charge
on amino acids and their derivatives by varying the pH facilitates the
physical separation of amino acids, peptides, and proteins (see Chapter 4).
At Its Isoelectric pH (pI), an Amino Acid Bears No
Zwitterions are one example of an isoelectric species—the form of a
molecule that has an equal number of positive and negative charges and
thus is electrically neutral. The isoelectric pH, also called the pI, is the pH
midway between pKa values for the ionizations on either side of the
isoelectric species. For an amino acid such as alanine that has only two
dissociating groups, there is no ambiguity. The first pKa (R—COOH) is
2.35 and the second pKa (R—NH3+) is 9.69. The isoelectric pH (pI) of
alanine thus is
For polyprotic acids, pI is also the pH midway between the pKa values on
either side of the isoionic species. For example, the pI for aspartic acid is
For lysine, pI is calculated from:
Similar considerations apply to all polyprotic acids (eg, proteins),
regardless of the number of dissociable groups present. In the clinical
laboratory, knowledge of the pI guides selection of conditions for
electrophoretic separations. Electrophoresis at pH 7.0 will separate two
molecules with pI values of 6.0 and 8.0, because the molecule with a pI of
6.0 will have a net positive charge, and that with a pI of 8.0 a net negative
charge. Similar considerations underlie chromatographic separations on
ionic supports such as diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose (see Chapter
pKa Values Vary With the Environment
The environment of a dissociable group affects its pKa (Table 3–4). A
nonpolar environment, which possesses less capacity than water for
stabilizing charged species, thus raises the pKa of a carboxyl group
making it a weaker acid, but lowers the pKa of an amino group, making it
a stronger acid. Similarly, the presence of an adjacent oppositely charged
group can stabilize, or of a similarly charged group can destabilize, a
developing charge. Therefore, the pKa values of the R groups of free
amino acids in aqueous solution (see Table 3–1) provide only an
approximate guide to their pKa values when present in proteins. The pKa
of a dissociable R group will depend on its location within a protein. pKa
values that diverge from aqueous solution by as much a 3 pH units are
common at the active sites of enzymes. An extreme example, a buried
aspartic acid of thioredoxin, has a pKa above 9—a shift of more than 6 pH
units!
TABLE 3–4Typical Range of pK Values for lonizable Groups in
The Solubility of Amino Acids Reflects Their Ionic
The charges conferred by the dissociable functional groups of amino acids
ensure that they are readily solvated by—and thus soluble in-polar solvents
such as water and ethanol, but insoluble in nonpolar solvents such as
benzene, hexane, or ether.
Amino acids do not absorb visible light and thus are colorless.
However, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan absorb high-wavelength
(250-290 nm) ultraviolet light. Because it absorbs ultraviolet light about 10
times more efficiently than either phenylalanine or tyrosine, tryptophan
makes the major contribution to the ability of most proteins to absorb light
in the region of 280 nm (Figure 3–6).
FIGURE 3–6 Ultraviolet absorption spectra of tryptophan, tyrosine,
and phenylalanine.
THE α-R GROUPS DETERMINE THE
Each functional group of an amino acid exhibits all of its characteristic
chemical reactions. For carboxylic acid groups, these reactions include the
formation of esters, amides, and acid anhydrides; for amino groups,
acylation, amidation, and esterification; and for —OH and —SH groups,
oxidation and esterification. Since glycine, the smallest amino acid, can be
accommodated in places inaccessible to other amino acids, it often occurs
where peptides bend sharply. The hydrophobic R groups of alanine, valine,
leucine, and isoleucine and the aromatic R groups of phenylalanine,
tyrosine, and tryptophan typically occur primarily in the interior of
cytosolic proteins. The charged R groups of basic and acidic amino acids
stabilize specific protein conformations via ionic interactions, or salt
bridges. These interactions also function in “charge relay” systems during
enzymatic catalysis and electron transport in respiring mitochondria.
Histidine plays unique roles in enzymatic catalysis. The pKa of its
imidazole proton permits histidine to function at neutral pH as either a
base or an acid catalyst without the need for any environmentally induced
shift. The primary alcohol group of serine and the primary thioalcohol (—
SH) group of cysteine are excellent nucleophiles, and can function as such
during enzymatic catalysis. For selenocysteine, its pK3 of 5.2 is 3 pH units
lower than that of cysteine, 8.3. At a distinctly acidic pH, selenocysteine
thus should be the better nucleophile. However, the secondary alcohol
group of threonine, while a good nucleophile, is not known to serve this
role in catalysis. The —OH groups of serine, tyrosine, and threonine
frequently serve as the points of covalent attachment for phosphoryl
groups that regulate protein function (see Chapter 9).
Amino Acid Sequence Determines Primary Structure
Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds.
The number and order of the amino acid residues in a polypeptide
constitute its primary structure. Amino acids present in peptides, called
aminoacyl residues, are referred to by replacing the ate or ine suffixes of
free amino acids with yl (eg, alanyl, aspartyl, tyrosyl). Peptides are then
named as derivatives of the carboxy terminal aminoacyl residue. For
example, Lys-Leu-Tyr-Gln is called lysyl-leucyl-tyrosyl-glutamine. The
ine ending on the carboxy-terminal residue (eg, glutamine) indicates that
its α-carboxyl group is not involved in a peptide bond. Three-letter
abbreviations linked by straight lines represent an unambiguous primary
structure. Lines are omitted when using single-letter abbreviations.
Prefixes like tri- or octa- denote peptides with three or eight residues,
respectively. By convention, peptides are written with the residue that
bears the free α-amino group at the left. This convention was adopted long
before it was discovered that peptides are synthesized in vivo starting from
the amino-terminal residue.
Peptide Structures Are Easy to Draw
To draw a peptide, use a zigzag to represent the main chain or backbone.
Add the main chain atoms, which occur in the repeating order: α-nitrogen,
α-carbon, carbonyl carbon. Now add a hydrogen atom to each α-carbon
and to each peptide nitrogen, then add an oxygen to the carbonyl carbon.
Finally, add the appropriate R groups (shaded) to each α-carbon atom.
Some Peptides Contain Unusual Amino Acids
In mammals, peptide hormones typically contain only the 20 codonspecified α-amino acids linked by standard peptide bonds. Other peptides
may, however, contain nonprotein amino acids, derivatives of the protein
amino acids, or amino acids linked by an atypical peptide bond. For
example, the amino terminal glutamate of glutathione, a tripeptide that
participates in the metabolism of xenobiotics (see Chapter 47) and the
reduction of disulfide bonds, is linked to cysteine by a non-α peptide bond
(Figure 3–7). The amino terminal glutamate of thyrotropin-releasing
hormone (TRH) is cyclized to pyroglutamic acid, and the carboxyl group
of the carboxyl terminal prolyl residue is amidated. The nonprotein amino
acids D-phenylalanine and ornithine are present in the cyclic peptide
antibiotics tyrocidin and gramicidin S, while the heptapeptide opioids
dermorphin and deltophorin in the skin of South American tree frogs
contain D-tyrosine and D-alanine.
FIGURE 3–7 Glutathione (γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine). Note the
non–α peptide bond that links Glu to Cys.
The Peptide Bond Has Partial Double-Bond
Although peptide structures are written as if a single bond linked the αcarboxyl and α-nitrogen atoms, this bond in fact exhibits partial doublebond character:
The bond that connects a carbonyl carbon to the α-nitrogen therefore
cannot rotate, as this would require breaking the partial double bond.
Consequently, the O, C, N, and H atoms of a peptide bond are coplanar.
The imposed semirigidity of the peptide bond has important consequences
for the manner in which peptides and proteins fold to generate higher
orders of structure. Encircling brown arrows indicate free rotation about
the remaining bonds of the polypeptide backbone (Figure 3–8).
FIGURE 3–8 Dimensions of a fully extended polypeptide chain. The
four atoms of the peptide bond are coplanar. Free rotation can occur about
the bonds that connect the α-carbon with the α-nitrogen and with the αcarbonyl carbon (brown arrows). The extended polypeptide chain is thus
a semirigid structure with two-thirds of the atoms of the backbone held in
a fixed planar relationship to one another. The distance between adjacent
α-carbon atoms is 0.36 nm (3.6 Å). The interatomic distances and bond
angles, which are not equivalent, are also shown. (Redrawn and
reproduced, with permission, from Pauling L, Corey LP, Branson HR: The
structure of proteins: two hydrogen-bonded helical configurations of the
polypeptide chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1951;37:205.)
Noncovalent Forces Constrain Peptide Conformations
Folding of a peptide probably occurs coincident with its biosynthesis (see
Chapter 37). The mature, physiologically active conformation reflects the
collective contributions of the amino acid sequence, noncovalent
interactions (eg, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions), and the
minimization of steric hindrance between residues. Common repeating
conformations include α-helices and β-pleated sheets (see Chapter 5).
Peptides Are Polyelectrolytes
The peptide bond is uncharged at any pH of physiologic interest.
Formation of peptides from amino acids is therefore accompanied by a net
loss of one positive and one negative charge per peptide bond formed.
Peptides nevertheless are charged at physiologic pH, owing to their
terminal carboxyl and amino groups and, where present, their acidic or
basic R groups. As for amino acids, the net charge on a peptide depends on
the pH of its environment and on the pKa values of its dissociating groups.
Both D-amino acids and non–α-amino acids occur in nature, but
proteins are synthesized using only L-α-amino acids. D-Amino acids
do, however, serve metabolic roles, not only in bacteria, but also in
humans.
L-α-Amino acids serve vital metabolic functions in addition to protein
synthesis. Examples include the biosynthesis of urea, heme, nucleic
acids, and hormones such as epinephrine and DOPA.
The presence in meteorites of trace quantities of many of the protein
amino acids lends credence to the hypothesis that asteroid strikes
might have contributed to the development of life on earth.
Certain of the L-α-amino acids present in plants and plant seeds can
have deleterious effects on human health, for example, in lathyrism.
The R groups of amino acids determine their unique biochemical
functions. Amino acids are classified as basic, acidic, aromatic,
aliphatic, or sulfur-containing based on the composition and properties
of their R groups.
The partial double-bond character of the bond that links the carbonyl
carbon and the nitrogen of a peptide render the four atoms of the
peptide bond coplanar, and hence restrict the number of possible
peptide conformations.
Peptides are named for the number of amino acid residues present, and
as derivatives of the carboxyl terminal residue. The primary structure
of a peptide is its amino acid sequence, starting from the aminoterminal residue, a direction in which peptides actually are
synthesized in vivo.
All amino acids possess at least two weakly acidic functional groups,
R—NH3+ and R—COOH. Many also possess additional weakly
acidic functional groups such as phenolic —OH, —SH, guanidino, or
imidazole moieties.
The pKa values of all functional groups of an amino acid or of a
peptide dictate its net charge at a given pH. pI, the isoelectric pH, is
the pH at which an amino acid bears no net charge and thus does not
move in a direct current electrical field.
The pKa values of free amino acids at best only approximates their
pKa values when present in a protein, and can differ widely due to the
influence of their surroundings in a protein.
Bender DA: Amino Acid Metabolism, 3rd ed. Wiley, 2012.
Burton AS, Stern JC, Elsila JE, et al: Understanding prebiotic chemistry
through the analysis of extraterrestrial amino acids and nucleobases in
meteorites. Chem Soc Rev 2012;41:5459.
deMunck E, Muñoz-Sáez E, Miguel BG, et al: β-N-Methylamino-Lalanine causes neurological and pathological phenotypes mimicking
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): The first step towards an
experimental model for sporadic ALS. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol
Kolodkin-Gal I: D-Amino acids trigger biofilm disassembly. Science
2010;328:627.
Proteins: Determination of
Cite three examples of posttranslational modifications that
commonly occur during the maturation of a newly synthesized
polypeptide.
Name four chromatographic methods commonly employed for the
isolation of proteins from biologic materials.
Describe how electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels can be used
to determine the purity, subunit composition, relative mass, and
isoelectric point of a protein.
Describe the basis on which quadrupole and time-of-flight (TOF)
spectrometers determine molecular mass.
Compare the respective strengths and weaknesses of DNA cloning
and mass spectrometry (MS) as tools for determining protein
primary structure.
Explain what is meant by “the proteome” and cite examples of its
potential significance.
Describe the advantages and limitations of gene chips as a tool for
monitoring protein expression.
Outline three strategies for resolving individual proteins and
peptides from complex biologic samples to facilitate their
identification by MS.
Comment on the contributions of genomics, computer algorithms,
and databases to the identification of the open reading frames
(ORFs) that encode a given protein.
Proteins are physically and functionally complex macromolecules that
perform multiple critically important roles. An internal protein network,
the cytoskeleton (see Chapter 51) maintains a cell’s shape and physical
integrity. Actin and myosin filaments form the contractile machinery of
muscle (see Chapter 51). Hemoglobin transports oxygen (see Chapter 6),
while circulating antibodies defend against foreign invaders (see Chapter
52). Enzymes catalyze reactions that generate energy, synthesize and
degrade biomolecules, replicate and transcribe genes, process mRNAs, etc
(see Chapter 7). Receptors enable cells to sense and respond to hormones
and other extracellular cues (see Chapters 41 and 42). Proteins are subject
to physical and functional changes that mirror the life cycle of the
organisms in which they reside. A typical protein is “born” at translation
(see Chapter 37), matures through posttranslational processing events such
as selective proteolysis (see Chapters 9 and 37), alternates between
working and resting states through the intervention of regulatory factors
(see Chapter 9), ages through oxidation, deamidation, etc (see Chapter 58),
and “dies” when degraded to its component amino acids (see Chapter 29).
An important goal of molecular medicine is to identify biomarkers such as
proteins and/or modifications to proteins whose presence, absence, or
deficiency is associated with specific physiologic states or diseases
(Figure 4–1).
FIGURE 4–1 Diagrammatic representation of the life cycle of a
hypothetical protein. (1) The life cycle begins with the synthesis on a
ribosome of a polypeptide chain, whose primary structure is dictated by an
mRNA. (2) As synthesis proceeds, the polypeptide begins to fold into its
native conformation (blue). (3) Folding may be accompanied by
processing events such as proteolytic cleavage of an N-terminal leader
sequence (Met-Asp-Phe-Gln-Val) or the formation of disulfide bonds (S—
S). (4) Subsequent covalent modifications may, for example, attach a fatty
acid molecule (yellow) for (5) translocation of the modified protein to a
membrane. (6) Binding an allosteric effector (red) may trigger the
adoption of a catalytically active conformation. (7) Over time, proteins get
damaged by chemical attack, deamidation, or denaturation, and (8) may be
“labeled” by the covalent attachment of several ubiquitin molecules (Ub).
(9) The ubiquitinated protein is subsequently degraded to its component
amino acids, which become available for the synthesis of new proteins.
PROTEINS & PEPTIDES MUST BE PURIFIED
PRIOR TO ANALYSIS
Highly purified protein is essential for the detailed examination of its
physical and functional properties. Cells contain thousands of different
proteins, each in widely varying amounts. The isolation of a specific
protein in quantities sufficient for analysis of its properties thus presents a
formidable challenge that may require successive application of multiple
purification techniques. Selective precipitation exploits differences in
relative solubility of individual proteins as a function of pH (isoelectric
precipitation), polarity (precipitation with ethanol or acetone), or salt
concentration (salting out with ammonium sulfate). Chromatographic
techniques separate one protein from another based on the difference in
their size (size-exclusion chromatography), charge (ion-exchange
chromatography), hydrophobicity (hydrophobic interaction
chromatography), or ability to bind a specific ligand (affinity
chromatography).
Column Chromatography
In column chromatography, the stationary phase matrix consists of small
beads loaded into a cylindrical container of glass, plastic, or steel called a
column. Liquid-permeable frits confine the beads within this space while
allowing the mobile-phase liquid to flow or percolate through the column.
The stationary phase beads can be chemically derivatized to coat their
surface with the acidic, basic, hydrophobic, or ligand-like groups required
for ion exchange, hydrophobic interaction, or affinity chromatography. As
the mobile-phase liquid emerges from the column, it is automatically
collected as a series of small portions called fractions. Figure 4–2 depicts
the basic arrangement of a simple bench-top chromatography system.
FIGURE 4–2 Components of a typical liquid chromatography
apparatus. Shown are the key components of a programmable liquid
chromatography system consisting of A: reservoirs of mobile-phase liquids
(yellow, light blue), B: microprocessor-controlled pumps (purple), C:
mixing chamber (red), D: injection port for loading analyte (dark blue); E:
glass, metal, or plastic column containing stationary phase matrix (gray),
F: spectrophotometric, fluorometric, refractive index, or electrochemical
detector (orange), and G: fraction collector for collecting portions, called
fractions, of the eluent liquid (green) in a series of separate test tubes,
vials, or wells in a microtiter plate. The microprocessor can be
programmed to pump liquid from only one reservoir (isocratic elution), to
switch reservoirs at some predetermined point to generate a step gradient,
or to mix liquids from the two reservoirs in proportions that vary over time
to generate either a multistep or a continuous gradient.
HPLC—High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography
First-generation column chromatography matrices consisted of long,
intertwined oligosaccharide polymers shaped into spherical beads roughly
a tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Unfortunately, their relatively large
size perturbed mobile-phase flow and limited the available surface area for
accommodating added charged or ligand-like groups. Resolution could be
increased by reducing particle size. However, the resistance created by a
more tightly packed matrix required the use of very high pressures that
would crush beads made from soft and spongy materials such as
polysaccharide or acrylamide. Eventually, methods were developed to
manufacture silicon particles of the necessary size and shape, to derivatize
their surface with various functional groups, and to pack them into
stainless steel columns capable of withstanding pressures of several
thousand psi. Because of their greater resolving power, HPLC systems
have largely displaced the once familiar glass columns in the protein
purification laboratory.
Size-Exclusion Chromatography
Size-exclusion or, as it is sometimes still referred to, gelfiltration
chromatography separates proteins on the basis of their Stokes radii.
Stokes radius is a measure of the effective volume occupied by a protein as
it rapidly tumbles in free solution. Stokes radius is thus a function of both
molecular mass and shape. Like the propeller on an airplane, as it tumbles,
an elongated protein occupies a larger effective volume than would a
globular protein of the same mass. Size-exclusion chromatography
employs porous beads (Figure 4
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406056
|
__label__wiki
| 0.77844
| 0.77844
|
The Surface Pro 6 Isn’t Perfect, but It’s The Best 2-in-1 I’ve Ever Used
I used to be a fan of netbooks back when they were a thing. However when you travel for work, you often have downtime and I like to keep work and private life as separate as possible. So I went looking for a small laptop that could also do some video editing, and the Surface Pro 6 fits the bill nicely.
Samsung’s Galaxy Book 2 Is the Culmination of 2-in-1 PC Promises
The only thing more sought-after than cold fusion and alchemy is a tablet/laptop hybrid that actually delivers on the best parts of each. Microsoft laid the groundwork with the Surface line, and now Samsung is jumping in with the Galaxy Book 2, boasting Windows 10, LTE connectivity, and an eye-popping 20 hours of battery life.
There’s a Massive Art Installation in Times Square Meant to Wake Us up About Climate Change
If we don’t make an effort to reduce climate change, in 100 years parts of Manhattan could be under water. That’s a scary thought, and just the kind of thought meant to be evoked by the ‘Unmoored and Wake’ by Mel Chin art installation that was unveiled today in Times Square.
Deals, Gaming
Xbox One S Bundle Deals Make for a Great Last Minute Gift
If you missed last month’s Black Friday Xbox One S deal, don’t fret because Microsoft just announced several great deals that you can grab just in time for Xmas.
Are Digital Assistants a Gateway to a Hacker’s Paradise?
Digital assistants have come a long way in a relatively short amount of time. Starting with Apple’s clunky early iteration of Siri in 2011, it’s only taken a few years to get here, with multiple competitors in common use (including Cortana and Google Now) and dozens of new versions to come.
The Surface Pro 3 Is Ready to Meet All Your Computing Needs
Years back, I got caught up in the UMPC — UltraMobilePC- fad. (I blame James Kendrick and his JKontheRun blog.) None of those devices lived up to their promise of a full PC in a small, touchscreen device. Fast forward, and that promise has been realized in the Microsoft Surface line of computers. microsoft, via CDW sent one to Judie; I “borrowed” it. 🙂
Microsoft Releases Surface Pro 4, Surface Book, Microsoft Band 2, and New Lumias!
Microsoft may be a software and services company, but when they deal in hardware they aren’t joking around. They proved it today with a jam-packed presentation, releasing a new wearable, demoing a future holographic XBox option, new Lumia phones, a new Surface Pro 4, and a surprise release of a laptop called the Surface Book!
Gaming, Reviews
Deus Ex: Mankind Divided Game Announcement
The popular Deus Ex video game series will continue with the next installment titled Deus Ex: Mankind Divided, a first-person stealth-adventure game with third-person cover elements featuring a familiar character and expanded weapon customization options.
Microsoft Swings for the Fences with the Surface 3
Microsoft is a lot like the Little Engine That Could. Like the Little Engine, it keeps scaling big mountains that no one expected it to climb. Maybe this analogy doesn’t make any sense, but what does make sense is the new Surface 3, a full Windows machine in tablet form. RT is dead, but the Surface lives on!
Gaming, News
Get in Line: ‘Halo 5: Guardians’ Release Date Revealed!
One of the most anticipated Xbox One exclusive video game releases of this year now has a release date. Published by Microsoft Studios and developed by 343 Industries, the first-person shooter game Halo 5: Guardians will be the sixth installment in the popular game series featuring the Master Chief along with the new Spartan Locke character who appeared in the live action series Halo: Nightfall.
Microsoft to Battle Windows Piracy with Free Windows 10 Upgrades!
Piracy limits the revenues a software maker can collect. It also limits the ability to update security and other essential services at the operating system level. This combination can result in all computer systems being less secure and potentially compromised. To battle this, particularly in piracy-rampant China, Microsoft is “offering free upgrades to Windows 10 to all Windows users.”
Check Out the Next Version of Microsoft Office for Mac Before Release!
It seems instead of consolidation in office software we’re getting proliferation – at lower cost! Google Docs and Apple’s iWork are capable products challenging the Microsoft Office supremacy, but Microsoft isn’t standing still. Between more frequent updates and their Office365 initiative there’s lots of good news, now you can get an advanced look at the upcoming Microsoft Office for Mac!
Microsoft and Google Need Couples Counseling
If I had to break down my online presence by companies, I’d say I’m split between Microsoft and Google. Microsoft Onedrive is my main backup, and OneNote is just awesome, while Google handles my email, calendar and contacts. My jump from Windows Phone to Android was easy, but as Clinton Fitch points out, it’s because of Microsoft and not Google.
Why I Don’t Use Dropbox
When I first started storing backups of photos and key files online, I signed up for Dropbox and free 2GB of storage. It became quickly apparent that was far too small, but I was too cheap to pay $100 to jump to the next level. Instead, I started using Microsoft Skydrive, now OneDrive; as of yesterday I have 121GB free!
Editorials, Gaming
New to Gaming? Which System Should You Buy?
It’s easy to assume that everyone out there already has a favorite gaming system, whether it be Xbox, Playstation, Wii, or something else. But what if you are totally new to gaming? What if you want to play, but you have little experience with any of the available gaming options, and you have no idea where to get started?
Take the Outlook Mobile App Challenge!
Yesterday I wrote about the new Outlook app for iOS/Android, calling it a truly universal inbox that aggregates emails from all of the popular webmail services – Gmail, iCloud, Yahoo!, Hotmail, and Outlook – into a single unified Inbox. I am settled in my dual Mail/Mailbox routine, so Wayne challenged me to try Microsoft Outlook only for a week. Are you in?
New Outlook App Brings Truly Universal Inbox to iOS and Android
The quest for a truly ‘universal’ inbox for iOS is something many of us have been on since the beginning – we already had accounts on iCloud, Hotmail, Yahoo and of course Gmail … but there have always been limitations around notifications, account handling and more. Based on Accompli, the new Outlook app seeks to become your truly universal Inbox.
Defense Grid 2 Now Available for PS4, XBOX One, PC, Mac, and Linux!
Back in 2008, Hidden Path Entertainment released Defense Grid: The Awakening, which catapulted the popularity of the resurgent ‘tower defense’ genre into the mainstream. In 2012 they launched a Kickstarter project to help fund the sequel, and this week it arrived! Defense Grid 2 is available on PlayStation®4 and Xbox® One and Steam (PC, Mac, Linux).
Which New Nokia Would You Rather? The Lumia 830 or the Lumia 735?
This morning at IFA, Microsoft unveiled their new flagship model, the Lumia 830. Running Windows Phone 8.1, with the Lumia Denim update, the 830 has built-in Qi wireless charging, a 1.2 GHz quad-core processor, a 10 megapixel PureView camera, and a really sleek aluminum body with a colored polycarbonate peel-off back. Best of all? User removable battery and expandable memory.
Gaming, Gear Bits
DirecTV NFL Sunday Ticket Returns to Gaming Consoles
The DirecTV NFL Sunday Ticket gaming console package is back on the PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 and Xbox One! This service celebrates 20 years with a return to consoles, which began on the consoles like the PlayStation 3 three years ago. Last year’s users got service access codes (e.g. on PC) when purchasing Madden NFL 25.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406067
|
__label__wiki
| 0.613135
| 0.613135
|
Entertainment Anime Psycho Pass: Season 1 Review
Psycho Pass: Season 1 Review
Dominique Byse
A couple of days ago I wanted to watch a dark style, psychological drama anime that full of thrills and mysteries similar to Death Note. A friend of mine suggested I might like Psycho-Pass because it is thrilling and graphic. Needless to say, she was spot on. This anime is absolutely brilliant! I literally watched the show in 2 days.
Psycho Pass Review
Psycho-Pass takes place in a dystopian futuristic Japan where technology has made it possible to instantly measure a person’s mental state and Crime Coefficient, or the likelihood to commit crimes, through a Psycho-Pass check. The measurement of a person’s Psycho-Pass is done by the Sibyl system and alerts authorities if anyone’s ever gets dangerously unstable. People with cloudy Psycho-Pass tend to also have higher Crime Coefficient. Inspectors (those who supervise Enforcers) and the Enforcers are like detectives that apprehend latent criminals. But, the twist is that Enforcers are deemed latent criminals themselves. Inspectors and Enforcers carry a gun called a “Dominator”, which are special weapons designed to fire only at those with a higher-than-acceptable Crime Coefficient. If they point the gun at some with a low coefficient then the gun will stay in safety mode and will not fire.
The anime follows the Division I Public Safety Bureau of the Ministry of Welfare as Inspectors and Enforcers work together to capture latent criminals before they do something bad. At the beginning of the series it does take it’s time. The first half of the series is very episodic with its cases. Psycho-Pass does not really hit it’s stride until about episode 10 or 11 when it is revealed that there is a mastermind behind these seemingly random crimes and he is dead set on exposing the Sibyl system’s cracks. This gives the series a single, overall story. But, the series is so well written that those first few episodes are not boring and do have a purpose. They establish the story of the show and the relationship between the characters. The build-up for the story really pays off, especially at the end of the series. Every reveal in the series speaks to something that was established earlier and brings the story full circle. It is well worth watching the cases in the beginning to reach the core of the story later. With the series being so structurally superb the ending was a little disappointing because it could have been so much better, but that is by no way saying the ending was bad.
The story revolves around three main characters: Inspector Akane Tsunemori, Enforcer Shinya Kougami and Shogo Makishima, a mastermind who is responsible for multiple crimes.
Akane Tsunemori: She is a newcomer to the Public Safety Bureau. Akane is a model citizen who graduated the top of her class. At the start of the series she is a shy and naive. She doesn’t develop much until the middle of the show. Nevertheless, as she spends more time with Kougami and her confidence grows she turns out to be a talented Inspector. Her development is rather original and I enjoyed watching it.
Shinya Kougami: He is an entertaining and valuable character. He was that classic old-school protagonist that you just couldn’t help but admire. He’s smart and level-headed, he never let’s his emotions get the better of him. He’s used to be an Inspector but he seems stuck in the past after the death of an Enforcer on his watch prior to the show’s beginning. That death affected him so much that his Crime Coefficient become high resulting in him been considered a latent criminal and demoted to an Enforcer. He is driven by his desire to avenge his murdered colleague and has a dangerous obsession with the show’s antagonist, Shougo Makishima.
Shogo Makishima: I cannot say much about him without spoiling the entire plot. However, he is driven by his desire for everyone to be free of the Sibyl system. His motives are always shrouded in mystery, he is calm, focused but never malevolent, I would compare him a bit to Light from Death Note. He’s as charismatic and he is heartless. He and Kougami are very much alike, each being a reflection of each other. As the series progresses it becomes hard to declare him good or bad and it is left up to the viewer to decide.
In addition, there is a great supporting cast of other Inspectors and Enforcers who regularly work with the Akane and Kougami. All characters in the anime are compelling. Each one starts out as simple character with a single role and as the story develops they go though nice transformations that complements the story so well. Each give a different perspective on the societal issues explored in the anime. As a whole each character has a very different of personality, as expected. However, that ensures there is character for almost anyone to like.
Psycho-Pass is entertaining and interesting. Psycho-Pass has very thought-provoking themes that were easily relatable: an advanced utopian in which humans rely on technology to a fault is an easy concept to grasp. The series is bloody, violent, and can disturbing; but I cannot think of the last time I’ve enjoyed an anime this much. I can without a doubt say I was never bored for a single second in this series and each episode left me wanting for more. This anime experience a pretty amazing one and I would recommend that you watch it, if you already haven’t. Luckily this is not the end of the series, as Psycho-Pass 2 will air in October.
Overall: 9/10
Previous articleBioware Breaks Boundaries With Openly Gay Character
Next articleCosplay Tips For An Incredible Con Season Experience
I'm a recent Hampton University graduate. I enjoy playing basketball and soccer, and I am an avid FC Barcelona fan. I have to say that TV and Netflix are my best friends. I’m always in search of a new show or movie to watch.
What You Need To Know about HBO’s Watchmen Series without the Spoilers
Sandler Unfazed by Uncut Gems Snub
Fan Fiction: The Madness That Binds Us–Chapter Six
Fan Fiction: The Madness That Binds Us – Chapter Two
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406069
|
__label__cc
| 0.613138
| 0.386862
|
Thomas Nelson Sergant 1880 - 1954
[ Home ] | [ Census Index ] | [ Surname Index ] | [ Family History ] | [ Calendar ] | [ Reports ] | [ Timeline ]
A pipe fitter and farmer and the younger of 2 children of Thomas Sargeant and Sarah McGraw, Thomas Sergant, the third cousin three-times-removed on the mother's side of Nigel Horne, was born in Hanna, La Porte, Indiana, USA on 24 Nov 18801.
He was married 3 times, to Rosetta Bixler (on 22 Sep 1905), Mary Bennett (on 24 Feb 1919) and Elizabeth Smith (on 18 Jul 1936 in Starke, Indiana, USA).
During his life, he was living at his birthplace on 7 Jun 19001 and on 29 Apr 1910; in La Porte, Indiana in 1917; in LaPorte, La Porte, Indiana on 12 Jan 1920 following the death of his wife on 3 May 1918; at Monroe Hotel, LaPorte, La Porte, Indiana on 9 Apr 1930; and at his birthplace in 1942 and in 1943.
He died on 22 Nov 1954 in Hanna (heart attack) and was buried there at Hanna Cemetery on 24 Nov 1954.
Thomas was born on 9 Feb 1851
Sarah Margaret was born on 14 Jun 1844
Thomas Sargent - headstone
Thomas Sergent - death certificate
Thomas Sargent - WWI Draft
Thomas Sargent - WW2 registration
https://search.findmypast.co.uk/record?id=R_327722444
https://search.findmypast.co.uk/record?id=USC/1900/004118635/00267/027
US Census 1900 - Findmypast (was the son of the head of the household)
To be done
Death date (22 Nov 1954) has no citations
Marriage date (18 Jul 1936) has no citations
Burial date (24 Nov 1954) has no citations
Residence record for 1917 contains no citation
Residence record for 9 Apr 1930 contains no citation
Residence record for 12 Jan 1920 contains no citation
Residence record for 29 Apr 1910 contains no citation
Please send your comments and corrections to Nigel Horne
This website was generated by ged2site. Last updated on 18 Jan 2020
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406070
|
__label__cc
| 0.580804
| 0.419196
|
Support: Website Support
Users can Rate Albums
Is there a way to rate albums on the site like IMDB does with movies.
Is not enough put Metacritic rating.
This feature is more democratic and could be revolutionary.
jonindiepassion
Andreas_Wotte
I'm not really sure if it is more democratic than Scrobbles, but it could be a second opinion.
But what for is this helpful?. Don't you create a ranking, which lead the users to the top of the charts which in turn makes the world of music smaller? However.
Maybe the more important question is, which system could be helpful to develop your musical personality and taste without falling into a mainstream trap or the also stupid generation/culture capsule. The recommandations should be a part of it, but work not very well.
My main reason to become a last.fm member was the neighbourship system. I guess, the best system to explore the world of music based on your own taste. But this was cut off together with other important tools. Now last.fm looks like a shadow of itself. In between I wait for their reinstallation. ...
Jon, Community & Customer Services
Personally, I'm not a fan of trying to rate music out of an arbitrary scoring system (5 stars, 10/10, 100%, etc). I think it still works for cinema and games, but imo music is harder to quantify and reviews are becoming less relevant when you can just listen to a new release online and make up your own mind. That's just my opinion though; as a site feature I can see why many people would find this appealing.
In fact, I've said before (on the old forums) that I'd definitely be interested to see album pages support user submitted album reviews, as they remain some of the most under-utilised pages on the site. If nothing else, it's a good way of promoting music discussion, and it would probably be quite straightforward to add a 5-stars rating option next to each shout on album pages so people can rate them when they post. However, I think Steam's approach for encouraging people to write game reviews and recommendations is a pretty successful one, and I wouldn't mind seeing album shoutboxes or journals evolve into something more akin to that.
You should check out the site: http://www.albumoftheyear.org/
It's a whole ecosystem of recommendations, ratings and reviews. I think Last.fm would navigate in that direction.
We must have the opportunity to upload the album information such as track listing, release date, link ratings and reviews of sites specializing in music, label, genre of music.
Another point with which I disagree, they must qualify from the time the album is heard, because they might be filtered before, or has not yet been uploaded album information to Last.fm.
Of course there are many features, but I'll settle for this moment to qualify albums
I would be nice to have a space for user's reviews for a album and maybe people could hit a "like button" so the most liked review would be highlighted.
RasmV
Why not just head over to besteveralbums.com? There you can rate and make your own charts of best ever music etc. etc... :) I use it as a second source to Last.fm for finding new music too..
IMO, I don't think album ratings is something Last.fm should consider - at this stage at least - there's simply a million other things that need to get sorted first.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406073
|
__label__wiki
| 0.950617
| 0.950617
|
Equipment, RGB Equipment
Pulp Comics
"The Collect Call of Cathulhu"
Weird Tales[1] is a series of science fiction stories contained in a pulp comic series.[2]
In the 1920s and 30s, H.P. Lovercraft and other writers used the Necronomicon as research for their fiction.[3] They contributed stories to the Weird Tales series including "The Horror from the Depths."[4] In it, the protagonists lured Cathulhu to an electric plant and blasted him with a 100 Gigavolts of electricity.[5]
The Ghostbusters found the issue amid Mr. Howard's collection in his Bronx home. They were influenced by the story to electrify roller coaster tracks on Coney Island to defeat Cathulhu.
Weird Tales is in reality an actual pulp series started in March 1923. "The Call of Cthulhu," the short story that became the foundation for the Cthulhu Mythos, was published in Weird Tales in 1928. The magazine series has since been revived.
↑ Ray Stantz (2009).The Real Ghostbusters- "The Collect Call of Cathulhu" (1987) (DVD ts. 12:12-12:21). Time Life Entertainment. Ray says: "H.P. Lovecraft and others back in the 20's and 30's created a whole mythos around Cathulhu and I remember one story in an old issue of Weird Tales that told how to defeat him."
↑ Egon Spengler (2009).The Real Ghostbusters- "The Collect Call of Cathulhu" (1987) (DVD ts. 12:27-12:29). Time Life Entertainment. Egon says: "But where can we find a collection of old pulp magazines?"
↑ Ray Stantz (2009).The Real Ghostbusters- "The Collect Call of Cathulhu" (1987) (DVD ts. 12:16-12:21). Time Life Entertainment.
↑ Alice Derleth (2009).The Real Ghostbusters- "The Collect Call of Cathulhu" (1987) (DVD ts. 13:26-13:27). Time Life Entertainment. Alice says: "It's called "The Horror from the Depths"."
↑ Ray Stantz (2009).The Real Ghostbusters- "The Collect Call of Cathulhu" (1987) (DVD ts. 17:39-17:44). Time Life Entertainment. Ray says: "It says here they lured Cathulhu to an electrical plant and blasted him with 100 Gigavolts of electricity."
The last page is missing
Retrieved from "https://ghostbusters.fandom.com/wiki/Weird_Tales?oldid=173273"
RGB Equipment
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406075
|
__label__cc
| 0.619767
| 0.380233
|
The Side-Effects of Lack of Calories
What Causes Low Potassium Levels in Females?
A Healthy Diet for Recovering Anorexics
How to Lose 15 Pounds in One Month
Calories in Beef Spare Ribs
What Are the Causes of Elevated Liver Enzymes in Anorexia?
Organ Failure
Written by Holly Klamer
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that involves severe restriction of calories, distorted body image and varied adverse effects on the body. Serious health consequences from anorexia include heart arrhythmia, osteoporosis, anemia, neurological and gastrointestinal problems and liver damage. Elevated liver enzymes are a frequent complication with anorexia and indicate that the liver cells are damaged or inflamed 2. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) are the two liver enzymes most commonly found elevated in blood tests 2.
If you are experiencing serious medical symptoms, seek emergency treatment immediately.
Elevated liver enzymes can be a warning sign that multi-organ failure is occurring in someone with anorexia 2. Organ failure can happen because of prolonged calorie restriction, whereby the organs go into failure because of malnutrition. If liver enzymes are elevated with anorexia, calories should be administered as quickly as possible under medical supervision 2.
Prolonged starvation that occurs with anorexia causes the body to increase the breakdown of muscle and fat cells used for fuel. These cells are sent to the liver for conversion to glucose. The increase and amount of fat sent to the liver can cause inflammation and liver damage. This damage, which can lead to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, may cause elevated liver enzymes 2.
Women who are anorexic may stop menstruating as a consequence of this disorder. Dehydration may also occur, and the combination of the two can put women at risk for having too much iron in their bodies. Heart and liver damage occur from an excess of iron, as iron is stored in the liver. This may lead to elevated liver enzymes, indicating that the liver is damaged 2.
Elevated liver enzymes are a frequent complication with anorexia and indicate that the liver cells are damaged or inflamed 2. Prolonged starvation that occurs with anorexia causes the body to increase the breakdown of muscle and fat cells used for fuel. Organ failure can happen because of prolonged calorie restriction, whereby the organs go into failure because of malnutrition.
University of Maryland Medical Center: Eating Disorders - Complications of Anorexia
Mayo Clinic.com: Elevated Liver Enzymes
Eating Disorder Refferal and Information Center: Consequences of Eating Disorders
PubMed.gov: Is adipose tissue lipolysis always an adaptive response to starvation?: implications for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; April 2008
Holly Klamer began writing in 2010. She works in the health field as a registered dietitian and personal trainer. Klamer specializes in weight loss, sports nutrition and disordered eating articles for various websites. She received her Master of Science in nutrition from Colorado State University and her Bachelor of Science in dietetics and health fitness from Central Michigan University.
Tuned_In/iStock/Getty Images
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406078
|
__label__cc
| 0.586526
| 0.413474
|
Tag: medallic art
closing soon: art exhibition includes rare Paul Manship sculptures you could own
Posted on July 25, 2017 March 13, 2019 by Catherine
This intimate and museum worthy exhibition, THE MANSHIPS, is a rare chance to see and purchase original work by a talented family of artists: Paul Manship, Margaret Cassidy (daughter in law), and John Paul Manship (son). The show closes August 6th. Flatrocks Gallery is located at 77 Langsford Street, in Gloucester, Massachusetts.
Paul Manship
(b. 1885 St Paul, MN – d. 1966 NY, NY)
Paul Manship was an American sculptor of international status. His most famous work of art was the public art fountain he was commissioned to create for Rockefeller Center in New York City. The 18 feet high, gilt bronze statue of the treasured Greek myth, Prometheus Bringing Fire From Heaven, soars above the skating rink. It was installed in 1934 during the Great Depression and includes an inscription above the statue: “Prometheus, teacher in every art, brought the fire that hath proved to mortals a means to mighty ends.” (The artist’s model for Prometheus was a lifeguard from New Rochelle, NY, hired regularly for life classes at women’s colleges. I have not been able to track down a picture of him at work, but have tried.) Prometheus refers to the Titan granted the power of creating mankind out of mud and water. What was missing? Fire, of course, which Prometheus stole from the Gods, a selfless act for humanity that nearly had him punished for eternity (in a memorably sad, gruesome and groundhog day bit of the myth) if not for Hercules. In Manship’s ingenious composition, heaven and earth are filled with Prometheus, clutching fire coals, and the artist’s signature forms and themes in every detail. Note the forms of the water spray in this photo from 1934 and the effect of the water over the base!
photo caption: 1943 Christmas Tree, Skaters, Paul Manship Prometheus, Rockefeller Center
photo caption: Gordon Parks, 1945 with detail showing back and hair of Paul Manship Prometheus
photo caption: Carol Highsmith Rockefeller Center (Paul Manship Prometheus) ca.1980
Why am I going into such detail about the Prometheus statue?
Paul Manship lifetime bronzes from the family estate have been made available for sale during this exhibition!
This exhibit at Flatrocks includes a complete set of Manship’s famous tondo Zodiac medallion ashtrays, ca.1946 ($18,000). Manship was a cigar smoker. Ashtrays weren’t a big creative leap from medallic art. He created his first one in 1915. They were utilitarian, and sculptural objects. He did this with architectural details in his home, a Manship (rather than Midas) touch. He worked out a deal with Medallic Art Company to replicate them. People bough their favorite zodiac sign for themselves or as gifts. Even if you don’t know Manship’s motifs like the zodiac ring around Prometheus, it’s fun to linger and observe the entire set.
photo caption: Installation view of display case, an exhibition within an exhibition.
Compare the Paul Manship Aquarius from the Zodiac set with a zoomed in detail from Prometheus
A first edition of Manship’s creative and original representation of Venus Anadyomene “Venus Rising from the Sea” is also available for sale! It’s modeled in bronze and set on a marble base, measuring 7.5″ (not including base) and dates from 1924 ($42,000).
Artists and patrons through the ages couldn’t resist this Aphrodite lure. Manship’s sculpture isn’t as famous as Botticelli’s, but it should be — and not just because his kneeling modern beauty has the best wrought hair wringing out there. It’s just a fabulous sculpture.
The main commission for the new Addison Gallery building at Phillips Academy which opened in 1931 was this Manship sculpture. Unforgettable and rendered in gorgeous alabaster, the Addison Gallery’s Venus Anadyomene from 1927 is one of the world’s most optimally sited sculptures. The whole museum flows from this Venus. Now you can purchase the sculpture that inspired Addison’s architect, Charles Platt, to make such a brilliant selection. Platt also designed the Freer Gallery in Washington, DC, which is equally sublime.
Another life cast that’s for sale is this vividly detailed and lovely Perseus and Andromeda, 1965 ($39,000). There’s a rescue and great tension so effective with the mixed materials, florid and fascinating. There’s poor Andromeda sacrificed by her mother Cassiopeia to appease Poseidon and beg off a sea monster. You can pick out the anger and emotion in that sea. The bag with Medusa’s severed head was captivating, bounced just so, side quests are still to come after all. Don’t miss the sword and winged sandals Hermes gave Perseus.
I’m fascinated by Manship’s treatment of time. Speaking of which, make sure to leave enough of it to study those glorious Manship reaching hands and gestures.
Another knock one’s socks off lifetime bronze that’s for sale is David, ca.1916-1921 ($72,000), mesmerizing composition and signature elegant articulation.
Manship came to Gloucester in 1915–before his first solo exhibition– and rented until the 1940s when they were able to purchase fourteen contiguous acres in Lanesville, ensuring the acquisition of two, gorgeous abandoned quarries. His daughter Pauline and her husband Ilmari Natti also bought a home in Lanesville in the 1940s. After Manship died, his son John Manship and daughter in law Margaret Cassidy continued to reside and work in the family estate. The Flatrocks Gallery location, vibe, and roster make it an ideal gallery for this exhibit and fundraiser. Proceeds will help the nationally significant Manship estate and property.
John Paul Manship (1927-2000)
Make sure to look back at John Manship’s work from the next room as well as up close. There are strong works from different series and decades primarily of the landscape and people about him, and so many greens! They range in price from $750-$10,000.
Margaret Cassidy Manship
(Cassidy died in 2012)
I was so intrigued by the 3 Cassidy works. The painting and bronze of Beryl Grimball are sold as a pair ($5000) and the portrait from life of Pope Pius XII is $7000. She also sculpted Pope John Paul II and Presidents Carter and Reagan. I hope to see more.
Continue reading “closing soon: art exhibition includes rare Paul Manship sculptures you could own” →
Tagged Addison Gallery, Aprhodite, Art, art deco sculpture, Bronze Sculpture, Charles Platt, cigar ash tray, David 1916, Eastern art, Flatrocks Gallery, Gloucester Artists, Gordon Parks, Greek myth, Indian, John Manship, Lane's Cove, Lanesville, Margaret Cassidy, medallic art, modern art, modern sculpture, moving rock, Paul Manship, Perseus and Andromeda, Phillips Academy, Prometheus, streamlined sculpture, utalitarian art, venus, Venus Anadyomene, Western art, zodiac ash tray, zodiac plate, zodiac ring6 Comments
RT @ThatDaveBrown: People are actually on Twitter right now lamenting the loss of a QB who has thrown 6 passes midway through the third qua…Joey_C's Twitter Feed 14 minutes ago
GHS Boys Basketball Vs Winthrop youtube.com/watch?v=3maKZx… goodmorninggloucester.org/2020/01/20/ghs…Joey_C's Twitter Feed 46 minutes ago
The latest #GloucesterMA! paper.li/Joey_C/1332671…Joey_C's Twitter Feed 1 hour ago
Thomas P. Burns Obituary and Celebration of Life Information goodmorninggloucester.org/2020/01/20/tho…Joey_C's Twitter Feed 2 hours ago
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406088
|
__label__cc
| 0.73583
| 0.26417
|
TULIPS: Projects
Technology Usability Lab In Privacy and Security
Security Games
Training new people in cyber security and privacy is a serious issue as we face a global shortage of workers skilled in this area. In this work, we explore the use of gamification to engage people interested in learning about various aspects of cyber security.
Gamification is the process of taking a training exercise or other activity and converting it into a game. Luckily cyber security already has goals which align well with game-type thinking. There is often a resource (computer, system, data) which needs to be protected or attacked. There are also various tools which can be used to perform or defend against those attacks which the player must become familiar with.
In this project we are exploring the use of games to teach security and privacy concepts to all types of students.
List of free security games
Kami Vaniea
Related Student Projects
Vulcan - Firewall Administration Game
Rusab Asher (2018-2019, Undergraduate Thesis)
Supervisor: Kami Vaniea
Firewalls play a fundamental role in Computer Security, but configuring the rules for them may prove challenging to beginners in Computer Security. Vulcan intends to help teach informatics students about different ways firewalls can be configured according to different situations using 'iptables'.
PuppEzy: A Game Based Puppet Programming Teaching Tool
Jaka Mohorko (2018-2019, Undergraduate Thesis)
Many tools used in system administration are often held back by steep learning curves while lacking instructions on how they are to be used. PuppEzy teaches its users how to use one of such tools called Puppet - a configuration management tool. It guides users through the basics of Puppet and teaches them various aspects of the Puppet programming language.
Desinging a tool to teach password security to future developers
Constance Crowe (2016-2018, Undergraduate and Masters Thesis)
Interactive tutorial that allows people to try out some basic password cracking techniques. My project teaches programmers how to break into a "secure" site by attacking the password, I demonstrate potential vulnerabilities from an attacker's point of view as well as how they can be solved from the defender's perspective.
Thesis 1st year
Thesis 2nd year
Firewall administration, the game
Ying-An (Annie) Chen (2016-2017, Undergraduate Thesis)
Supervisors: William Waites, Kami Vaniea
Board game focused on configuration of Firewall rules. Computer security is becoming increasingly important in system administration. For this thesis I focused on firewalls as they are a common component of security management. I built a board game which is engaging and motivates people to learn more about Firewalls.
Firewall administration the game
Congcong He (2016-2017, Masters Thesis)
Card game that teaches the IPTables command line to players. During the game players gather Learning cards which teach them about different aspects of IPTables such as chains. They then use the Learning cards to construct IPTables commands to accomplish missions.
An Educational Game for Computer Security
Yini Huang (2016-2017, Masters Thesis)
Card game where each player must manage a personal computer which hosts services (make money) and defend their network (costs money). Players then try and take down rivals by playing well known attacks against them, and they defend by correctly identifing how to prevent the attack. The game is intended for students who are currently taking a computer security course and want a good way to review common computer security material in a fun way.
Blue Team : A firewall setup game
Karel Kuzmiak (2017-2017, Internship)
Developed an educational game that can be played in a browser and teaches the basic idea behind firewall administration on a network. The aim of the game is to set up firewall rules in different scenarios, in order to teach the player about iptables syntax, and attack logs from IDS.
Firewall simulator as a WebApp
Patrik Mjartan (2016-2017, Undergraduate Thesis)
A firewall is a rather straightforward entity at its core - packets trying to get through get inspected and are either let through, or denied. However, configuring and testing a firewall setup can be rather inaccessable to people like students. In particular, setting up multiple machines and VMs can be error prone and problematic for learning. In this project I sought to create a friewall simulator as a WebApp, hence erasing the potentially difficult and time consuming act of setting up the machines.
Permission Impossible - the design and evaluation of a video game that teaches beginners about firewalls
Sibylle Sehl (2016-2017, Masters Thesis)
Certain topics in Computer Security, for example firewalls, can often seem inaccessible or very difficult to beginners. This project aims to bridge this gap by providing an engaging and friendly environment for beginners to learn about firewalls. Permission Impossible teaches novices about basic firewall terminology and concepts as well as how to build a firewall rule set to enable incoming and outgoing packet traffic.
Permission Impossible: Teaching Fierwall Configuration in a Game Environment
Sibylle Sehl and Kami Vaniea; In European Workshop on Usable Security (EuroUSEC), 2018.
Scott Thompson (2016-2017, Undergraduate Thesis)
Supervisors: Kami Vaniea, William Waites
Managing the Firewall policy rules for a large network is a challenging task, even for a skilled system administrator. Learning these skills can seem insurmountable. In this thesis, I present a Flash game that teaches people how to wirte IPTables rules through a mission-based game.
Try It (Flash)
Learn Security
Rory Mathers (2015-2016, Undergraduate Thesis)
Supervisor: Don Sannella
Android app for teaching about the following kinds of web security threats, from the OWASP top 10 list: session attacks, SQL injection, cross-site scripting, cross-site request forgery, and sensitive data exposure. It's designed for smartphones; it works on tablets as well but looks better on 7-inch tablets than on large tablets. It's completely self-contained, demonstrating attacks on a simulated bank website, and countermeasures, and requires no permissions to install - there is no danger to your security.
Try it (Play Store)
Mac Chong (2014-2015, Undergraduate Thesis)
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406097
|
__label__cc
| 0.569309
| 0.430691
|
opennwt.ca OpenAssembly (Hansard) Debates 2019 August 12th
Debates of Aug. 12th, 2019
This is page numbers 5877 - 5944 of the Hansard for the 18th Assembly, 3rd Session. The original version can be accessed on the Legislative Assembly's website or by contacting the Legislative Assembly Library. The word of the day was report.
Members Present
Minister's Statement 212-18(3): Sessional Statement
State of Downtown Yellowknife
Child Care Funding
Health Care System in Hay River
Nursing Services in Tsiigehtchic
Strengthening Democratic Institutions in the Northwest Territories
Programs and Services in the Sahtu Region
Tuktoyaktuk Shoreline Erosion Mitigation Project
Housing Issues in the Northwest Territories
Eulogy for Phillip Gargan
Eulogy for Rene Fumoleau
Return to Oral Question 771-18(3): NWT Carbon Tax Implementation Plan
Recognition Of Visitors In The Gallery
Question 785-18(3): Bed Bugs in Fort Simpson
Question 786-18(3): Nursing Services in Tsiigehtchic
Question 787-18(3): New Services in Downtown Yellowknife
Question 788-18(3): Shoreline Erosion in Tuktoyaktuk
Question 789-18(3): State of Health Care System in Hay River
Question 790-18(3): Affirmative Action Policy
Question 791-18(3): Cremation Regulations
Return to Written Question 17-18(3): Strategic Oil and Gas Ltd. Holdings in the NWT
Return to Written Question 18-18(3): Giant Mine Long-Term Funding Study
Return to Written Question 19-18(3): Workers' Safety and Compensation Commission Fees and Compensation
Bill 25: An Act to Amend the Workers' Compensation Act Bill 36: An Act to Amend the Petroleum Resources Act Bill 37: An Act to Amend the Oil and Gas Operations Act Bill 39: Environmental Rights Act
Bill 40: Smoking Control and Reduction Act Bill 41: Tobacco and Vapour Products Control Act
Bill 42: An Act to Amend the Petroleum Products Tax Act Bill 43: An Act to Amend the Income Tax Act
Bill 36: An Act to Amend the Petroleum Resources Act
Bill 37: An Act to Amend the Oil and Gas Operations Act
Bill 48: Post-Secondary Education Act
Bill 54: Standard Interest Rate Statutes Amendment Act
Bill 34: Mineral Resources Act
Bill 46: Public Land Act
Bill 45: Corrections Act
Bill 57: An Act to Amend the Employment Standards Act
Bill 58: Justice Administration Statutes Amendment Act
Committee Report 20-18(3): Report on the Review of the 2017-2018 Northwest Territories Human Rights Commission Annual Report
Motion that Committee Report 20-18(3) be Deemed Read and Printed in Hansard in its Entirety, Carried
Committee Report 21-18(3): Report on the Review of the 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 Annual Reports for the Office of the Languages Commissioner for the Northwest territories
Committee Report 22-18(3): Report on the Review of the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 Annual Reports of the Information and Privacy Commissioner of the Northwest Territories
Motion to have Committee Report 22-18(3) moved to Committee of the Whole for Further Consideration, Carried
Committee Report 24-18(3): Report on the Review of Bill 40: Smoking Control and Reduction Act and Bill 41: Tobacco and Vapour Products Control Act
Committee Report 25-18(3): Report on the Review of Bill 48: Post-Secondary Education Act
Tabled Document 468-18(3): Follow-up Letter for Oral Question 720-18(3): Environmental Assessment following Hay River Highrise Fire Tabled Document 469-18(3): Follow-up Letter for Oral Question 721-18(3): Recruitment of Physicians in Hay River Tabled Document 470-18(3): Follow-up Letter for Oral Question 722-18(3): Fort Providence Seniors' Facility Tabled Document 471-18(3): Follow-up Letter for Oral Question 737-18(3): Mental Health Services for Youth Tabled Document 472-18(3): Follow-up Letter for Oral Question 744-18(3): Foster Family Recognition Tabled Document 473-18(3): Follow-up Letter for Oral Question 775-18(3): Mental Health and Addictions Plan
Tabled Document 474-18(3): Follow-up Letter for Oral Question 718-18(3): Nutrition North and Cost of Living in Nunakput Tabled Document 475-18(3): Follow-up Letter for Oral Question 730-18(3): Northwest Territories-Nunavut Bilateral Meeting on Transboundary Caribou Tabled Document 476-18(3): Follow-up Letter for Oral Question 738-18(3): Affirmative Action Policy
Tabled Document 477-18(3): Petroleum Interests Held in the NWT by Strategic Oil and Gas Ltd. Tabled Document 478-18(3): Follow-up Letter for Oral Question 705-18(3): Fort Simpson Ferry Service Tabled Document 479-18(3): Follow-up Letter for Oral Question 710-18(3): Mackenzie Valley Highway Environmental Assessment Working Group Tabled Document 480-18(3): Follow-up Letter for Oral Question 732-18(3): Dredging the Hay River
Tabled Document 481-18(3): Follow-up Letter for Oral Question 773-18(3): Third Party Sexual Assault Reporting
Tabled Document 482-18(3): Government of the Northwest Territories Response to Committee Report 13-18(3): Report on the Review of Bill 31: Northwest Territories 911 Act Tabled Document 483-18(3): Follow-up Letter for Oral Question 632-18(3): Community Government Funding Gaps
Tabled Document 484-18(3): Unsigned Letter to Prime Minister from Conservative Premiers of Canada
Consideration In Committee Of The Whole Of Bills And Other Matters
Committee Motion 157-18(3): Standing Committee on Social Development Report on the Review of Bill 40: Smoking Control and Reduction Act and Bill 41: Tobacco and Vapor Products Control Act - Expansion of "No Smoking" Areas, Carried
Committee Motion 158-18(3): Standing Committee on Social Development Report on the Review of Bill 40: Smoking Control and Reduction Act and Bill 41: Tobacco and Vapor Products Control Act - Raising Minimum Age, Carried
Committee Motion 159-18(3): Standing Committee on Social Development Report on the Review of Bill 40: Smoking Control and Reduction Act and Bill 41: Tobacco and Vapor Products Control Act - Smoking Cessation Aids, Carried
Committee Motion 160-18(3): Standing Committee on Social Development Report on the Review of Bill 40: Smoking Control and Reduction Act and Bill 41: Tobacco and Vapour Products Control Act - Public Education and Awareness, Carried
Committee Motion 161-18(3): Standing Committee on Social Development Report on the Review of Bill 40: Smoking Control and Reduction Act and Bill 41: Tobacco and Vapor Products Control Act - Government Response to Recommendations, Carried
Report Of Committee Of The Whole
Orders Of The Day
« Prev12...1314151617...3031AllNext »
Kieron Testart Kam Lake
Thank you, Mr. Chair. I am pleased to report on Committee Report 20-18(3). This was the Standing Committee on Government Operations Review of the Report of the 2017-2018 Northwest Territories Human Rights Commission Annual Report. Again, we met with representatives from the commission and reviewed their activities over the year, and the concerns that they found at this time. The standing committee is not moving any recommendations, but is happy to answer any questions that Members may have for the committee. Thank you.
The Chair R.J. Simpson
Thank you, Mr. Testart. I will open the floor to general comments or questions from the committee. Comments? Seeing none, does committee agree that this concludes our consideration of Committee Report 20-18(3)?
Some Hon. Members
Thank you, committee. Committee, I am going to call a five-minute break.
---SHORT RECESS
I will now call Committee of the Whole back to order. Mr. Beaulieu?
Tom Beaulieu Tu Nedhe-Wiilideh
Thank you, Mr. Chair. The first order of business would be Committee Report 23-18(3), Report on Bills 40 and 41. Thank you, Mr. Chair.
Thank you, Mr. Beaulieu. Does committee agree that we modify our order and consider the Report on the Review of Bills 40 and 41?
Thank you, committee. We will consider Committee Report 23-18(3). I would go to the chair of the Standing Committee on Social Development for any opening comments. Mr. Thompson.
Shane Thompson Nahendeh
Thank you, Mr. Chair. The Standing Committee on Social Development is pleased to report on its review of Bill 40, Smoking Control and Reduction Act, and Bill 41, Tobacco and Vapour Products Control Act.
The committee read their report into the House earlier today, giving details on its consultation on Bills 40 and 41. To commence its review of the bills, the Standing Committee on Social Development sent letters inviting input from an extensive list of stakeholders, including all municipal and Indigenous governments in the Northwest Territories and a number of non-governmental organizations.
The committee held a public hearing on Bill 40 and 41 in Yellowknife on May 28, 2019. As well, the committee received several public submissions from the Canadian Cancer Society, Action on Smoking and Health, JUUL Lab, and the NWT and NU Public Health Association to name a few. On behalf of committee, I would like to thank everybody who provided input on Bill 40 and 41.
The clause-by-clause review was held on August 6, 2019. At this meeting, the committee moved six separate motions to amend Bill 40 and six separate motions to amend Bill 41. All those motions were carried with concurrence from the Minister.
Individual Members may have additional comments. Thank you, Mr. Chair.
Thank you, Mr. Thompson. I will open the floor to general comments on the report. Ms. Green.
Julie Green Yellowknife Centre
Thank you, Mr. Chair. I learned a tremendous amount about vaping by reviewing this bill, and I just want to highlight a few of the very important thing that I learned. The first is that young people, that is, people between the ages of 15 and 24, are taking up vaping in the way that a forest fire moves on a hot, windy day. This product was created in 2015, and there are now 5 million users in the U.S. The vaping companies have also made considerable inroads in Canada and in the United Kingdom, as well.
It is important to know that these are nicotine products and that nicotine is addictive. JUUL Labs is owned 35 percent by Marlborough, the makers of the cigarettes. The value of the company is $38 billion, to give you an idea of how much business it's doing. What JUUL labs has in mind is to create lifetime customers from people who are vaping as teenagers and, perhaps, move on to combustible cigarettes as adults. It is very, very important for us to recognize that, while there isn't a lot of scientific evidence about the effects of vaping because it is a new practise, that we err on the side of caution and ensure that we have safeguards in place that will keep vaping products out of the hands of young adults, specifically ages 15 to 24, at least until the effects of vaping are known.
What we do know already is that young adults are drawn to vaping because nicotine is in a more palatable form than smoking combustible cigarettes. Most of us have a memory of trying that for the first time, feeling very ill. Now, you can have it in mango flavour, grape flavour, strawberry flavour, all of these different flavours which make it more desirable than the straight nicotine flavour, so getting rid of flavours is really important to making this product less desirable for young people.
Another thing that is really important to know is that nicotine is nicotine, and it's addictive in any form, and it's highly addictive. As any long-term smoker will tell you, giving up smoking is an extremely difficult thing to do, and so we do not want to be in a situation of luring young people into a lifetime of addiction with unknown health effects. What we do not want to do at the end of the day is grow new smokers, especially when this is a product that really has no value of any kind and in fact may promote disease in the long run because of the heating of the carrying liquid.
I am very proud of the work that the committee has done to put limits on promotions and discounts. If you go to the Coop Gas Bar here in Yellowknife, you will see a huge display at the check-out counter for JUUL Labs. This is the kind of thing that we need to put a stop to as soon as this bill is assented to.
In addition to that, Bill 40, the idea is to ban tobacco use in public places and make it very difficult, even more difficult, for people to smoke except in their own homes. This is obviously an important way, again, of restricting tobacco use, to keep it away from children and young adults, that it is very circumscribed. I recommend that Members take note of our amendments and consent to them so that we can get a grip on this vaping explosion before it goes any further. Thank you.
Thank you, Ms. Green. Further comments on the report? Mr. Thompson.
Mr. Chair, I move that the Assembly recommend that the Department of Health and Social Services explore whether the "no smoking" areas around buildings to be prescribed in the new regulations should be expanded. Thank you, Mr. Chair.
Thank you, Mr. Thompson. There is a motion on the floor. To the motion. Question has been called. All those in favour? All those opposed? The motion is carried.
---Carried
Mr. Thompson.
Is there a problem with this page?
Help us improve OpenNWT
Please only include contact information if you would like to hear back.
OpenNWT makes our government more open and accountable. We focus on developing tools that make public information more accessible.
This is not a Government of the Northwest Territories website.
Debates (Hansard)
Search / Advanced
Developers (JSON)
Subscribe to receive updates about current and new OpenNWT initiatives:
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0097.json.gz/line1406106
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.