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Posts Tagged ‘Battle of Fredericksburg
Exhibition: ‘Dark Fields of the Republic: Alexander Gardner Photographs, 1859-1872’ at the National Portrait Gallery, Washington
Categories: American, American Indians, american photographers, black and white photography, documentary photography, exhibition, existence, gallery website, landscape, light, memory, photographic series, photography, photojournalism, portrait, psychological, quotation, reality, space, time and works on paper
Tags: 1859-1872, 1867-1872, A Sharpshooter's Last Sleep, Abraham Lincoln, Abraham Lincoln delivering his second inaugural address, Across the Continent on the Kansas Pacific Railroad, Adjusting the Ropes, Alexander Gardner, Alexander Gardner A Sharpshooter's Last Sleep, Alexander Gardner Abraham Lincoln delivering his second inaugural address, Alexander Gardner Adjusting the Ropes, Alexander Gardner Antietam Bridge Maryland, Alexander Gardner Bridge over the Laramie River near its Junction with the North Platte River, Alexander Gardner Completely Silenced: Dead Confederate Artillerymen, Alexander Gardner Field Where General Reynolds Fell, Alexander Gardner Gardner's Gallery, Alexander Gardner Gathered Together for Burial after the Battle of Antietam, Alexander Gardner General Sheridan and His Staff, Alexander Gardner Home of a Rebel Sharpshooter, Alexander Gardner Ihanktonwan Nakota delegates Long Foot and Little Bird, Alexander Gardner Incidents of the War, Alexander Gardner Incidents of the War: Unfit for Service at the Battle of Gettysburg, Alexander Gardner Indian Peace Commissioners in council with the Northern Cheyenne and Northern Arapaho, Alexander Gardner Lakota delegates Medicine Bull Iron Nation and Yellow Hawk, Alexander Gardner Panorama of Camp Winfield Scott, Alexander Gardner Photographs, Alexander Gardner President Lincoln, Alexander Gardner Rose Greenhow, Alexander Gardner Rose O'Neal Greenhow, Alexander Gardner Ruins of the Arsenal Richmond Virginia, Alexander Gardner Samuel Wilkeson, Alexander Gardner Scouts and Guides, Alexander Gardner Self-Portrait, Alexander Gardner The Drop, Alexander Gardner Ulysses S. Grant, Alexander Gardner View on Battle Field of Antietam, Alexander Gardner Walt Whitman and Party, Alexander Gardner Westward the Course of Empire Takes its Way, Allan Pinkerton, American art, american artist, American Civil War, American civil war photography, American Indians, American photography, Antietam Bridge, Antietam Bridge Maryland, Arapaho, Army of the Potomac, Battle Field of Antietam, Battle of Antietam, Battle of Fredericksburg, Bayard Wilkeson, Bishop George Berkeley, Bishop George Berkeley Westward the course of empire takes its way, Bloody Lane, Bridge over the Laramie River near its Junction with the North Platte River, Brulé, c, Civil War Photographs, collodion, collodion glass-plate negatives, Colonel Samuel F. Tappan, Commission Secretary Ashton S. H. White, Completely Silenced, Completely Silenced: Dead Confederate Artillerymen, Confederate troops, conflict with Native American tribes, Crow, Dakota Territory, Dark Fields of the Republic, Dark Fields of the Republic: Alexander Gardner Photographs, David Herold, Devil's Den, domestic dependent nations, Dunker Church, early photographic processes, fiction and truth in the creation of photographs, Field Where General Reynolds Fell, First Battle of Manassas, Fort Laramie, Fort Laramie in Wyoming, Fort Laramie Treaty, Fort Laramie Wyoming, Gardner's Gallery, Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the War, Gathered Together for Burial, Gathered Together for Burial after the Battle of Antietam, General Alfred H. Terry, General Christopher C. Augur, General John B. Sanborn, General John Reynolds, General Reynolds, General Sheridan and His Staff, General William S. Harney, General William T. Sherman, George A. Custer, George Atzerodt, George Crook, George McClellan, Gettysburg, Gettysburg photography, glass plate negatives, glass-plate negative, Golden Spike, Golden Spike ceremony, hanging of Lincoln conspirators, Harpers Ferry, Home of a Rebel Sharpshooter, Ihanktonwan Nakota, Ihanktonwan Nakota delegates Long Foot and Little Bird, Imperial glass-plate negatives, Imperial negatives, Imperial photographs, Incidents of the War, Incidents of the War: Unfit for Service at the Battle of Gettysburg, Indian Peace Commissioners in council with the Northern Cheyenne and Northern Arapaho, Indian problem, Iron Nation, Itazipacola Lakota, James Gardner, James Gardner Alexander Gardner, James W. Forsyth, Kansas Pacific, Kansas Pacific Railroad, Lakota, Lakota delegates Medicine Bull Iron Nation and Yellow Hawk, Leaves of Grass, Lewis Powell, Lieutenant Bayard Wilkeson, Lincoln assassination, Lincoln between life and death, Lincoln conspirators, Little Bird, Long Foot, Mary Surrat, Mathew Brady, Mathew Brady's Washington studio, Medicine Bull, military intervention in Indian matters, Miniconjou, National Anthropological Archives, National Portait Gallery, National Portrait Gallery Washington, native american indians, New York City, New York Times, Northern Arapaho, Northern Cheyenne, Oglala, Panorama of Camp Winfield Scott, Peter Doyle, photographs as indexes of character, photojournalism, President Lincoln, Rebel Rose, Robert E. Lee, Rose Greenhow, Rose O'Neal Greenhow, Ruins of the Arsenal Richmond Virginia, Samuel Wilkeson, Scouts and Guides to the Army of the Potomac, Sharpsburg, Sicangu Lakota, Sunken Road, The Dead of Antietam, The Drop, The West 1867-1872, Timothy H. O'Sullivan, Timothy O'Sullivan, Tredegar Iron Works, Ulysses S. Grant, Unfit for Service, Unfit for Service at the Battle of Gettysburg, Union Pacific Railway, Union troops, US military and Indian tribes, US transcontinental railroad, View in Ditch on the Right Wing after the Battle of Antietam, View on Battle Field of Antietam, Walt Whitman, Walt Whitman and Party, Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass, war photography, Wesley Merritt, Westward the course of empire takes its way, William Blackmore, Yanktonai, Yellow Hawk
Exhibition dates: 18th September 2015 – 13th March 2016
THIS IS THE FIRST OF THREE POSTINGS ABOUT (MAINLY AMERICAN) 19th CENTURY PHOTOGRAPHY.
This monster posting is both fascinating and gruesome by turns. They were certainly dark fields, stained crimson with the blood of men of opposing armies, left bloated and rotting in the hot sun. Can you imagine the smell one or two days later when Alexander Gardner arrived to photograph those very fields.
Particularly in the early war years (1861-62).”Gardner has often had his work misattributed to Brady.” Gardner worked for Mathew Brady, running his Washington office and working in the field (as many other operatives did) during the early part of the Civil War. Gardner’s negatives were published under the banner of the studio of Brady. He finished working for Brady in 1862 before setting up his own studio in May 1863 a few blocks from Brady’s Washington studio. This fluidity of authorship continues later in the war when Timothy H. O’Sullivan’s photographs, an assistant to Gardner, appeared under the masthead of Gardner’s studio. Evidence of this can be observed in the image Home of a Rebel Sharpshooter (July 1863, below) where, at least, Sullivan is credited with the negative at bottom left under the image.
Gardner changed the face of photography. He endowed it with an immediacy and energy that it had previously been lacking. His photographs of the battlefield brought the action “presently” into the lounge rooms of the well-heeled and, by engravings taken from the photographs, into newspapers of the time. His series of photographs of the hanging of the conspirators convicted of Abraham Lincoln’s assassination are “considered one of the first examples of photojournalism ever recorded.” But he wasn’t above rearranging the scene to his liking, as in the moving of the body in Home of a Rebel Sharpshooter (July 1863, below) to make a more advantageous “view” … much like Roger Fenton’s moving of the cannonballs in his epic photograph The Valley of the Shadow of Death (1855). Today this would be frowned upon, but in the era these photographs were taken it seemed the most “natural” thing to do, to make a better photograph, and nothing was thought of it.
The exhibition text states, “But his arrangement of the corpse reflects how difficult it was for Gardner and his contemporaries to process the reality of mass casualties in which the dead became anonymous. Caught at a transitional moment, Gardner did not trust the images his camera captured. That this photographic construction would be more marketable to a public still steeped in Victorian sentimentality only adds to Gardner’s malfeasance.” Malfeasance is a strong word. Malfeasance is defined as an affirmative act, “the performance by a public official of an act that is legally unjustified, harmful, or contrary to law; wrongdoing (used especially of an act in violation of a public trust).” (Dictionary.com) The exhibition text also states that “His actions are unforgivable from both a moral and artistic point of view,” and are a blot on Gardner’s career.
I don’t agree. Of course Gardner trusted the images that his camera captured, he was a photographer! This is a ludicrous statement… it is just that, arriving days after the battle, he wanted compositions that created news and views that were memorable. His affirmative action was not illegal or contrary to the law. Although morally it could be seen as a violation of public trust he was reporting the depravities of war within the first 25 years of the beginning of photography, and he was trying to get across to the general public the lonely desperation of death. In that era, at the very beginning of photographic reportage, who was to tell him it was wrong or illegal? We view these actions through retrospective eyes knowing that this kind of re-arrangement would not be tolerated today (but it is, in the digital manipulation of images!) and the condemnation of today is just a hollow statement. Photography has ALWAYS re-presented reality – through the hand of the author, through the eyes of the viewer.
Other interesting things to note in the posting are:
the mechanical overlaying of colour in the stereograph View on Battle Field of Antietam, Burial party at work (1862, below) where the colour is applied subtly in the left hand photograph while in the right hand image, the colour almost obliterates the figures
the attitude of the participants in Indian Peace Commissioners in council with the Northern Cheyenne and Northern Arapaho, Fort Laramie, Dakota Territory (1868, below). The military and civilian representatives of the government sit at right on boxes, four of them staring directly into the camera aware they are being photographed for prosperity (General William T. Sherman does not, looking pensive with his hands clasped) while on the left, the Native American Indian representatives sit on the ground wrapped in blankets with the backs of two interpreters towards the camera. They do not make eye contact with the camera except for one man, who has turned his head towards the camera and gives it a defiant stare (perhaps I am imagining, but I think not)
The strongest photographs in this posting, other than the masterpiece Home of a Rebel Sharpshooter are not the empirical scenes of the battlefield but two portraits: Ulysses S. Grant (1864, below) and the war weary “cracked plate” image of Abraham Lincoln (1865, below). Both are memorable not just for the low depth of field or the “capture” of remarkable leaders of men during war but for something essentially interior to themselves – their contemplation of self. With Grant you can feel the steely determination (this in the second last year of the war) and, yet, comprehend his statement,
“Though I have been trained as a soldier, and participated in many battles, there never was a time when, in my opinion, some way could not be found to prevent the drawing of the sword”
in this image. What must be done has to be done, but by God I wish it wasn’t so. The eyes have it.
With the Lincoln portrait – of which Gardner only pulled one print from the plate before he destroyed it, making this the rarest of images – the charismatic leader is shown with craggy, war weariness. The contextless space around the body is larger than is normal at this time, allowing us to focus on the “thing itself” … and then we have that prophetic crack. “During this sitting, Gardner created this portrait by accident,” says the text from the exhibition. How do you create a portrait like this by accident? With the length of the exposure, Lincoln would have had to remain immobile for seconds… not something that you do by accident. No, both Gardner and Lincoln knew that a portrait was being taken. This is previsualisation (depth of field, space around and above the body) at its finest. That the plate was accidentally cracked and then discarded in no way makes this portrait an accident. If this is a portrait of, “Lincoln between life and death, between his role as a historical actor and the mystical figure that he would become with his assassination,” it is also the face of a man that you could almost reach out and touch!
Dr Marcus Bunyan for Art Blart
Many thankx to the National Portrait Gallery, Washington for allowing me to publish the photographs in the posting. Please click on the photographs for a larger version of the image.
“Gardner has often had his work misattributed to Brady, and despite his considerable output, historians have tended to give Gardner less than full recognition for his documentation of the Civil War. Lincoln dismissed McClellan from command of the Army of the Potomac in November 1862, and Gardner’s role as chief army photographer diminished. About this time, Gardner ended his working relationship with Brady, probably in part because of Brady’s practice of attributing his employees’ work as “Photographed by Brady”. That winter, Gardner followed General Ambrose Burnside, photographing the Battle of Fredericksburg. Next, he followed General Joseph Hooker. In May 1863, Gardner and his brother James opened their own studio in Washington, D.C, hiring many of Brady’s former staff. Gardner photographed the Battle of Gettysburg (July 1863) and the Siege of Petersburg (June 1864-April 1865) during this time.
In 1866, Gardner published a two-volume work, Gardner’s Photographic Sketch Book of the Civil War. Each volume contained 50 hand-mounted original prints. The book did not sell well. Not all photographs were Gardner’s; he credited the negative producer and the positive print printer. As the employer, Gardner owned the work produced, as with any modern-day studio. The sketchbook contained work by Timothy H. O’Sullivan, James F. Gibson, John Reekie, William Pywell, James Gardner (his brother), John Wood, George N. Barnard, David Knox and David Woodbury, among others. Among his photographs of Abraham Lincoln were some considered to be the last to be taken of the President, four days before his assassination, although later this claim was found to be incorrect, while the pictures were actually taken in February 1865, the last one being on the 5th of February. Gardner would photograph Lincoln on a total of seven occasions while Lincoln was alive. He also documented Lincoln’s funeral, and photographed the conspirators involved (with John Wilkes Booth) in Lincoln’s assassination. Gardner was the only photographer allowed at their execution by hanging, photographs of which would later be translated into woodcuts for publication in Harper’s Weekly.”
Dark Fields of the Republic: Alexander Gardner Photographs, 1859-1872
His photographs have “a terrible distinctness.” So wrote the New York Times about the work of trailblazing photographer Alexander Gardner (1821-1882). In a career spanning the critical years of the nineteenth century, Gardner created images that documented the crisis of the Union, the Civil War, the United States’ expansion into the western territories, and the beginnings of the Indian Wars.
As one of a pioneering generation of American photographers, Gardner helped revolutionize photography, both in his mastery of techniques and by recognizing that the camera’s eye could be fluid and mobile. In addition to creating portraits of leaders and generals – he was Abraham Lincoln’s favorite photographer – Gardner followed the Union army, taking indelible images of battlefields and military campaigning. His battlefield photographs – including those of the newly dead – created a public sensation, contributing to the change under way in American culture from romanticism to realism, a realism that was the hallmark of his work.
At war’s end, Gardner went west. Fascinated, like many artists, by American Indians, he took a series of stunning images of the western tribes, setting set these figures in their native grounds: these photographs are the pictorial evocation of the seemingly limitless western land and sky. He also took images of the Indians in Washington, D.C., where they traveled to negotiate preservation of their way of life. Gardner’s portraits of Native Americans are dignified likenesses of a resistant people fighting for their way of life.
In their documentary clarity and startling precision, Alexander Gardner’s photographs – taken in the studio, on battlefields, and in the western territories – are a summons back into a darkly turbulent and heroic period in American history.”
Text from the exhibition website
Installation views of the exhibition Dark Fields of the Republic: Alexander Gardner Photographs, 1859-1872 at the National Portrait Gallery, Washington with, in the bottom photograph, two people looking at a photograph of Lieutenant General Grant.
Alexander Gardner (1821-1882)
Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885)
Albumen silver print
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Ulysses S. Grant (detail)
There is a story that when Ulysses S. Grant traveled east in 1864 to take command of all the Union armies, the desk clerk at Washington’s Willard Hotel did not recognize him and assigned him to a mean, nondescript room. (When Grant identified himself, he was upgraded to a suite.) The anecdote points out that likenesses were not yet widely distributed, even after the advent of photography. It was possible for famous people to remain unidentified. But fame meant that one had one’s photograph taken, as Grant did in this image Gardner took after the western general arrived in Washington. Grant was coming off a string of successes in the West, including the successful siege of Vicksburg, which made him the inevitable choice for overall command. In Grant, Lincoln finally found a general who would consistently engage the enemy’s forces. Indicative of Grant’s stature, Lincoln bestowed on him the rare title of lieutenant general, a rank previously held only by George Washington. (Text from the exhibition website)
Abraham Lincoln (detail)
This portrait of Abraham Lincoln was taken on February 24, 1861, just before his inauguration on March 4. It has been conjectured that Lincoln is hiding his right hand in his lap because it was swollen from shaking so many hands during his travel from Illinois to Washington. This is also the first studio image depicting Lincoln with a full beard, which he had famously grown between the election and inauguration, purportedly at the behest of a little girl who wrote him from New York that it would improve his appearance. Lincoln was early to recognize the power of the relatively new medium of photography to mold and shape a public persona. He credited a photograph by Mathew Brady, taken when he came to New York City to present himself to Republican Party power brokers, as helping to confirm his suitability for the presidency by showing him well-dressed and dignified. Interestingly, the Brady photograph shows Lincoln standing; in this portrait he is seated, as if ready to begin work as president. (Text from the exhibition website)
Installation view of the exhibition Dark Fields of the Republic: Alexander Gardner Photographs, 1859-1872 at the National Portrait Gallery, Washington showing the “Imperial” glass-plate negative of President Abraham Lincoln from his August 9, 1863, sitting at Gardner’s Washington studio, with a print from the negative on the wall behind.
This exhibition provides the rare opportunity to display the means by which a photographic image was produced on paper: the glass-plate negative that was the “film” of early photography. Because of their fragility, surviving glass-plate negatives of this size (the so-called “imperial”) are rare: this is one of two of Lincoln that have survived and dates from his August 9, 1863, sitting at Gardner’s Washington studio. The process Gardner used was relatively new to America and consisted of hand-coating a glass plate with collodion – a syrupy mixture of guncotton dissolved in alcohol and ether to which bromide and iodine salts had been added. The difficulty for the photographer was that the glass plate had to be coated with collodion, sensitized in a bath of silver nitrate, and exposed in the camera immediately, while the emulsion was still damp. Gardner was acknowledged as a master in evenly coating the plate, which resulted in prints of exceptional clarity. (Text from the exhibition website)
The “cracked-plate” image of Abraham Lincoln, taken by Alexander Gardner on February 5, 1865, is one of the most important and evocative photographs in American history. In preparing for his second inaugural, Lincoln had a series of photographs taken at Gardner’s studio. During this sitting, Gardner created this portrait by accident: at some point, possibly when the glass-plate negative was heated to receive a coat of varnish, a crack appeared in the upper half of the plate. Gardner pulled a single print and then discarded the plate, so only one such portrait exists.
The portrait represents a radical departure from Gardner’s usual crisp empiricism. The shallow depth of field created when Gardner moved his camera in for a close-up yielded a photograph whose focus is confined to the plane of Lincoln’s cheeks, while the remainder of the image appears diffused and even out of focus. Lincoln is careworn and tired, his face grooved by the emotional shocks of war. Yet his face also bears a small smile, perhaps as he contemplates the successful conclusion of hostilities and the restoration of the Union. This is Lincoln between life and death, between his role as a historical actor and the mystical figure that he would become with his assassination. Although Lincoln looked forward to his second term, we know, as he could not, that he will soon be assassinated. This image inextricably links history and myth, creating one of the most powerful American portraits. (Text from the exhibition website)
Smithsonian’s First Major Retrospective of Alexander Gardner’s Photographs at the National Portrait Gallery
Exhibition Will Highlight Gardner’s Civil War Photographs, Including His One-of-a-Kind Image of President Lincoln
“Considered America’s first modern photographer, just as the Civil War is considered the first modern war, Alexander Gardner created dramatic and vivid photographs of battlefields and played a crucial role in the transformation of American culture by injecting a sobering note of realism to American photography.
“Gardner’s photographs showed how the new medium and art form could develop to meet the challenges of modern society,” said Kim Sajet, director of the Portrait Gallery. “These are a record of the sacrifice and loss that occurred in the great national struggle over the Union. Our photograph of Lincoln by him, known as the ‘cracked-plate,’ is the museum’s ‘Mona Lisa.'” [see above]
The first section of the exhibition will highlight Gardner’s Civil War photographs, and his role as President Abraham Lincoln’s preferred photographer. Gardner photographed the president many times, recording the impact of the war on his face. Among these images is the “cracked-plate” portrait, a photograph that is arguably the most iconic image of Lincoln. In addition, the exhibition will encompass Gardner’s portraits of other prominent statesmen and generals, as well as private citizens.
Also in the exhibition are Gardner’s landscapes of the American West and portraits of American Indians. These document the course of American expansion as postwar settlers moved westward, challenged by geography and Indian tribes resistant to losing their ancestral homelands. Gardner’s landscapes are evocative studies of almost limitless horizons, giving a sense of the emptiness of western space. These are contrasted with his detailed portraits of Indian chiefs and tribal delegations.
Curated by David C. Ward, Portrait Gallery senior historian, and guest curator Heather Shannon, former photo archivist at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of the American Indian, with research assistance from Sarah Campbell, this exhibition will feature more than 140 objects, including photographs, prints and books. The exhibition will be the finale of the Portrait Gallery’s seven-part series commemorating the 150th anniversary of the Civil War.”
Press release from the National Portrait Gallery
Samuel Wilkeson (1817-1889)
Salted paper print
Museum purchase from the Charles Isaacs Collection made possible in part by the Luisita L. and Franz H. Denghausen Endowment
On July 1, 1863, at the Battle of Gettysburg, nineteen-year-old Lieutenant Bayard Wilkeson and his men attempted to slow the Confederate forces. A shell mangled the lieutenant’s right knee as his unit, Battery G of the Fourth U.S. Artillery, drew the attention of Confederate cannons. After amputating his leg with a pocket knife and being carried to an almshouse, Wilkeson ordered his men to return to battle. A few days later, his father, Samuel Wilkeson, a journalist, wrote home to say he had found Bayard dead “from neglect and bleeding.” On the front page of the July 6 New York Times, Samuel wrote a moving, influential, and widely circulated account of the battle. Bayard’s story and his father’s grief became symbolic of the North’s suffering, sacrifice, and righteousness. The article concludes, “oh, you dead, who at Gettysburg have baptized with your blood the second birth of Freedom in America, how you are to be envied!” (Text from the exhibition website)
Samuel Wilkeson (1817-1889) (detail)
In this self-portrait taken at Mathew Brady’s Washington studio, Alexander Gardner presents himself wearing the garb of a mountain man or trapper, sporting buckskins and a fur hat; Gardner’s trademark full, ungroomed beard only adds to the frontiersman image. Gardner holds a bow and arrow while standing on Indian rugs. The image captures America’s enduring fascination with the West and adopting the garb of Native peoples. It also shows Gardner, a man about whom we know little, in disguise, hiding himself in a fictional frontier persona. Although he is acting a role, Gardner, whose family had bought land in Iowa in the antebellum period, was genuinely interested in the western lands and the fate of the Indians. In the 1860s he began his project of photographing the western tribal delegations when they came to Washington. After the Civil War he went west to photograph Indians on their native grounds. (Text from the exhibition website)
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; gift of Larry J. West
Alexander Gardner (detail)
Not as flamboyantly costumed as in his first self-portrait, this image of Alexander Gardner shows him as a workingman, which was his family’s heritage back in Scotland. Gardner’s proficiency as a photographer was based in part on his manual dexterity; he was a master at coating the glass-plate negatives with collodion, which formed the plate’s light-sensitive emulsion. By the beginnings of 1863 James Gardner was working with his brother in Washington. (Text from the exhibition website)
Rose Greenhow (c. 1854-?)
Rose O’Neal Greenhow (c. 1815-1864)
One of the Confederacy’s most successful female spies, Rose O’Neal Greenhow was a prominent Washington widow and a staunch southern sympathizer. The Confederacy recruited her as a spy after war erupted in 1861. Most notably, Greenhow is credited with passing along intelligence prior to the First Battle of Manassas, insuring a southern victory. Soon after, her covert activities were uncovered and she was placed under house arrest. Gardner took this photograph after “Rebel Rose” and her daughter, Little Rose, were transferred to the Old Capitol Prison in 1862. Greenhow served five months before being exiled to the South. She then traveled to Europe to promote the Confederate cause. Returning in September 1864, Greenhow drowned attempting to run the federal blockade of Wilmington, N.C. The Confederacy buried her with military honors. (Text from the exhibition website)
View on Battle Field of Antietam, Burial party at work
Coloured Stereograph (Albumen silver print on stereo card)
View on Battle Field of Antietam, Burial party at work (detail)
View on Battle Field of Antietam, Burial party at work (details of left and right photographs)
Antietam Bridge, Maryland
Photograph by Alexander Gardner, from Gardner’s Photographic Sketch Book of the War
Records of the War Department General and Special Staffs, Record Group 165, National Archives Still Picture Branch, College Park, Maryland
Antietam Bridge (not to be confused with the more famous Burnside Bridge located to the south, which was the site of a confused Union attack during the Battle of Antietam’s third phase) spanned Antietam Creek, roughly in the middle of the battlefield. Before the battle, some Union troops used it to move toward the Confederate lines arrayed just outside the village of Sharpsburg. The bridge was not brought into play during the battle since George McClellan, fearful of overcommitting his troops, kept a large reserve near his headquarters at the Pry House, a reserve that would have used the bridge in its attack if it had been sent against Robert E. Lee’s lines. Unlike Burnside Bridge, the original stone Antietam Bridge, with its three arches, has not survived and has been replaced by a modern span. (Text from the exhibition website)
Scouts and Guides to the Army of the Potomac, Berlin, MD, October, 1862
Scouts and Guides to the Army of the Potomac, Berlin, MD, October, 1862 (detail)
Gardner documented specialized units in the Union army, as with the Telegraphic Corps, and here with the so-called “Scouts and Guides,” who were part of the intelligence service that Allan Pinkerton ran for the Army of the Potomac. Gardner took this group portrait when he returned to the area around Antietam; Berlin (now Brunswick), Maryland, is on the Potomac, just downstream from Harpers Ferry. In his Sketchbook Gardner wrote about the hardship and dangers faced by men who frequently acted as spies and could be executed if caught: “Their faces are indexes of the character required for such hazardous work.” Gardner’s statement exemplifies how connections are drawn between appearance and personality; a photograph was seen as particularly informative psychologically. (Text from the exhibition website)
Completely Silenced: Dead Confederate Artillerymen, as they lay around their battery after the Battle of Antietam
Stereograph (Albumen silver print on stereo card)
Collection of Bob Zeller
Completely Silenced: Dead Confederate Artillerymen, as they lay around their battery after the Battle of Antietam (detail)
The Battle of Antietam (Maryland) occurred on September 17, 1862, and it is still America’s bloodiest day, with more than 25,000 combined casualties (killed and wounded) on both sides. Despite a nearly three-to-one numerical advantage, the Union forces were unable to score a decisive victory. The heavy casualties did force Robert E. Lee to withdraw, however, ending his first invasion of the North. Gardner probably arrived at the battlefield on September 18. He took this image of dead Confederates near the Dunker Church, a focal point of the Union attack, which began shortly after 7.00 am the day before. (Text from the exhibition website)
Gathered Together for Burial after the Battle of Antietam (View in Ditch on the Right Wing after the Battle of Antietam)
This photograph, probably taken on September 19, graphically exposes the savagery of the fighting that occurred at the “Sunken Road” during the second, midday phase of the Union assault on Lee’s defensive line. A worn-down cart path provided perfect cover for Confederate troops, who initially blunted the Union attack, inflicting tremendous casualties. However, once the northerners had flanked the road, southern troops were trapped and exposed to a withering fire that choked the road with their corpses; hereinafter, the “Sunken Road” was known as “Bloody Lane.” (Text from the exhibition website)
Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) and Timothy O’Sullivan (1840-1882)
Field Where General Reynolds Fell, Gettysburg, July, 1863
Photograph by Timothy O’Sullivan, from Alexander Gardner’s Photographic Sketch Book of the War. Records of the War Department General and Special Staffs, Record Group 165, National Archives Still Picture Branch, College Park, Maryland
General John Reynolds (1820-1863) of Pennsylvania was the highest-ranking casualty at Gettysburg. One of the Union’s best generals, Reynolds had been considered a potential replacement for George McClellan. On July 1, commanding the left wing of the Union forces, Reynolds moved his infantry forward to blunt the Confederate advance, bringing on a wholesale engagement of the two armies; his decisiveness bought time for the Union to consolidate its forces at Gettysburg. He was killed leading a charge by the Second Wisconsin just west of the town. Despite its title, it is unlikely that Gardner’s photograph depicted this spot since he did not photograph any of the sites from Gettysburg’s first day. Instead, documentary evidence indicates that it was probably taken near Rose Farm, south of the battlefield. Initially Gardner published the photograph without reference to Reynolds. That was added later when Gardner realized he had missed an opportunity and sought to capitalize on Reynolds’s heroism. (Text from the exhibition website)
Incidents of the War: Unfit for Service at the Battle of Gettysburg
Chrysler Museum of Art, Norfolk, VA
Gift of David L. Hack and Museum purchase, with funds from Walter P. Chrysler, Jr., by exchange
After the success of his series “The Dead of Antietam,” which he had made while working for Mathew Brady, Gardner paid special attention in his Gettysburg photography to concentrate on the casualties, both human and animal. He got to the battlefield quickly, probably by July 7, as the process of burying the dead was just under way. In addition to the more than 7,000 soldiers killed, it has been estimated that more than 1,500 artillery horses died during the battle. Disposal of the horses complicated the task of clearing the land; while attempts were made to deal respectfully with human remains, the horses were collected into piles and burned. Gardner’s title for this picture may be taken as ironically low-key: the graphic image needed no rhetorical embellishments. (Text from the exhibition website)
Panorama of Camp Winfield Scott, Yorktown, Virginia
Albumen silver prints from glass negatives
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Gilman Collection, Museum Purchase, 2005
Image copyright: © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: Art Resource, NY
Gardner and his family immigrated to the United States in 1856. Finding that many friends and family members at the cooperative he had helped to form were dead or dying of tuberculosis, he stayed in New York. He initiated contact with Brady and came to work for him that year, continuing until 1862. At first, Gardner specialized in making large photographic prints, called Imperial photographs, but as Brady’s eyesight began to fail, Gardner took on increasing responsibilities. In 1858, Brady put him in charge of his Washington, D.C. gallery. (Wikipedia)
“Before leaving home, he had seen and admired photographs by Mathew Brady, who was already famous and prosperous as a portraitist of American presidents and statesmen. It was Brady that likely paid Gardner’s passage to New York and soon after arriving, he went to visit the famous photographer’s studio and decided to stay.
Gardner was so successful there that Brady sent him to manage his Washington, D.C., studio, and soon after that, he was photographing Abraham Lincoln as the owner of his own studio [May 1863], and about to produce his historic images of the nation’s struggle. But there was more – after Appomattox, unknown to most of those who have praised his groundbreaking photographs of the war, he went on to record the westward march of the railroads and the Native American tribes scattering around them.
When the Civil War began, Mathew Brady sent more than 20 assistants into the field to follow the Union army. All of their work, including that of Gardner and the talented Timothy O’Sullivan, was issued with the credit line of the Brady studio. Thus the public assumed that Brady himself had lugged the fragile wagonload of equipment into the field, focused the big boxy camera and captured the images. Indeed, sometimes he had. But beginning with the battle of Antietam in September 1862, Gardner determined to take a step beyond his boss and his colleagues.
It pictured a dead Confederate soldier in a rocky den [see above], with his weapon propped nearby. Photographic historian William Frassanito has compared it to other images and believes that Gardner moved that body to a more dramatic hiding place to make the famous photo. Taking such license would blend with the dramatic way his album mused over the fallen soldier: “Was he delirious with agony, or did death come slowly to his relief, while memories of home grew dearer as the field of carnage faded before him? What visions, of loved ones far away, may have hovered above his stony pillow?”
Significantly, as illustrated by that image and description, Gardner’s book spoke of himself as “the artist.” Not the photographer, journalist or artisan, but the artist, who is by definition the creator, the designer, the composer of a work. But of course rearranging reality is not necessary to tell a gripping story, as he showed conspicuously after the Lincoln assassination. First he made finely focused portraits that caught the character of many of the surviving conspirators (much earlier in 1863, he had done the slain assassin, the actor John Wilkes Booth). Then, on the day of execution, he pictured the four – Mary Surrat, David Herold, Lewis Powell and George Atzerodt – standing as if posing on the scaffold, while their hoods and ropes were adjusted. Then their four bodies are seen dangling below while spectators look on from the high wall of the Washington Arsenal – as fitting a last scene as any artist might imagine.
After all Gardner had seen and accomplished, the rest of his career was bound to be anticlimax, but he was only 43 years old, and soon took on new challenges. In Washington, he photographed Native American chieftains and their families when they came to sign treaties that would give the government control over most of their ancient lands. Then he headed west.
In 1867, Gardner was appointed chief photographer for the eastern division of the Union Pacific Railway, a road later called the Kansas Pacific. Starting from St. Louis, he traveled with surveyors across Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona and on to California. In their long, laborious trek, he and his crew documented far landscapes, trails, rivers, tribes, villages and forts that had never been photographed before. At Fort Laramie in Wyoming, he pictured the far-reaching treaty negotiations between the government and the Oglala, Miniconjou, Brulé, Yanktonai, and Arapaho Indians. This entire historic series was published in 1869 in a portfolio called Across the Continent on the Kansas Pacific Railroad (Route of the 35th Parallel).
Those rare pictures and the whole expanse of Gardner’s career are now on display at the National Portrait Gallery in a show entitled Dark Fields of the Republic: Alexander Gardner Photographs, 1859-1872. Among the dozens of images included are not only his war pictures and those of the nation’s westward expansion, but the famous “cracked-plate” image that was among the last photographs of a war-weary Abraham Lincoln. With this show, which will run into next March, the gallery is recognizing a body of photography – of this unique art – unmatched in the nation’s history.”
Ernest B. Furgurson. “Alexander Gardner Saw Himself as an Artist, Crafting the Image of War in All Its Brutality,” on the Smithsonian.com website October 8, 2015 [Online] Cited 27/02/2016.
Gardner’s Gallery
DeGolyer Library, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas
The nation’s capital was a center for photography during the war, and Alexander Gardner set up his new studio in May 1863 at Seventh and D Streets, just a few blocks from that of his former employer, Mathew Brady. Gardner split with Brady after the success of his Antietam photographs. The signage gives a full range of Gardner’s services, showing how he catered to the market for photographic images; the main sign reads “News of the War.” (Text from the exhibition website)
Walt Whitman and Party
The Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, Ohio
“This picture comes from a time when materials worked for each other. If pictures from these times were enlarged we would find their sharpness to be disappointing … but as this concept was not imagined, it shouldn’t be considered. The lens, the paper, the chemistry, the contact process all worked together. It is a superb image. If it were possible to make images like this, it is no wonder that highly talented people wanted to be photographers. And with talent, there were some with this level of sensitivity.
Note how the enlargement shows us some details that were not easily visible, but the tonality of the original has not carried over. Look at how the tonality of the curved branch combines with the figure of Whitman in the original, but it has crumbled in the enlargement … it is probably not possible to scan the original and keep the tonality without spending a squillion. Anyhow, it is a moment that has not been lost. It is almost too big a step of faith to believe that this much of the “air” of the original scene could be preserved.”
Dr Marcus Bunyan, March 2016
Walt Whitman and Party (detail)
Walt Whitman (1819-1892) came to Washington from New York City in search of his brother George, who had been wounded on December 13, 1862, at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Whitman found his brother, whose wound was not serious, and decided to stay in Washington. Whitman had been in a funk in New York: Leaves of Grass was not selling, and he was finding it difficult to write or revise his poetry. In Washington, Whitman assumed the role of a hospital visitor, comforting wounded soldiers, bringing them small treats, and, most important, writing their letters. He observed Abraham Lincoln, whom he idolized, from afar. And he began a relationship with Peter Doyle, a former Confederate soldier, whom he met on a streetcar and lived with for eight years. The other people in this photograph cannot be identified. The leaves on the trees would indicate that it was taken in late spring or summer of 1863. (Text from the exhibition website)
Home of a Rebel Sharpshooter
Collection of Ron Perisho
Home of a Rebel Sharpshooter (detail)
Gardner’s manipulation of this Confederate casualty to create a narrative vignette about the soldier’s fate indicates how unstable the line was between fiction and truth in the creation of photographs. Gardner’s intrusion shows that he thought he had to improve his images so that they would function as a sentimental narrative that could be more easily read by his audience. His actions are unforgivable from both a moral and artistic point of view. But his arrangement of the corpse reflects how difficult it was for Gardner and his contemporaries to process the reality of mass casualties in which the dead became anonymous. Caught at a transitional moment, Gardner did not trust the images his camera captured. That this photographic construction would be more marketable to a public still steeped in Victorian sentimentality only adds to Gardner’s malfeasance.
In his Sketchbook Gardner created an elaborate story around his photographs of a dead Confederate “sharpshooter” who apparently had fallen during fighting at the Devil’s Den. Gardner claimed that he took photographs when he returned to the battlefield in the fall of 1863 and “discovered” the corpse, along with the rifle propped against the stone wall, still undisturbed where the soldier had fallen. The story isn’t credible: four months after the battle, the body would have long since decayed, and souvenir hunters would have picked up the rifle. The truth, untangled by photographic historian William Frassanito, is a blot on Gardner’s career: Gardner and his assistants moved a dead soldier [below] from a nearby line of bodies being readied for burial. Shortly after the battle they posed it amid the boulders, including the carefully positioned rifle. The soldier was a regular infantryman, not a sharpshooter or sniper. (Text from the exhibition website)
A Sharpshooter’s Last Sleep, Gettysburg, July 1863
Ruins of the Arsenal, Richmond, Virginia, April 1863
Bowdoin College Museum of Art, Brunswick, Maine, Museum Purchase, Lloyd O. and Marjorie Strong Coulter Fund
Ironically, destruction of the major Confederate armory occurred not from a Union assault but by an accidental fire that started in Richmond after the government began to evacuate the city on April 1, 1865, leaving it vulnerable. Chaos and confusion reigned as panicked residents faced the prospect of being occupied by the invading northerners; looting and destruction of property occurred as well. In the breakdown of order, fires broke out and quickly spread, destroying as many as fifty city blocks, until Union soldiers acting as firefighters extinguished them in part. Among the major buildings destroyed were the Tredegar Iron Works and the Arsenal. The Arsenal had been built earlier in the century but had fallen into disuse. It was made operative again when the war broke out; among the weapons it housed were those taken from the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry in 1861. (Text from the exhibition website)
Abraham Lincoln delivering his second inaugural address as President of the United States, Washington, D.C.
Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress
Abraham Lincoln delivering his second inaugural address as President of the United States, Washington, D.C. (detail)
Abraham Lincoln’s major speeches as president – at both inaugurals and at Gettysburg – focused on large themes, in particular human nature and God’s will, as well as the character of the nation. The hard politics of formulating and implementing the details of, for instance, emancipation, civil rights, and reconstruction, were kept offstage in the day-to-day process of governing. So at his second inaugural on March 4, 1865, Lincoln delivered a moral homily on how neither side, North or South, could know God’s will for mankind, and that the war had unintended consequences. Both parties now had to accept living with those consequences, namely the end of slavery and the beginning of civil equality for African Americans, Lincoln hinted. He ended with his majestic call to move on from war to civic peace: “With malice toward none, with charity for all,” let us “bind up the nation’s wounds” to “achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace.” Flush with victory, many in the North were puzzled or displeased by the president’s conciliatory words. (Text from the exhibition website)
Adjusting the Ropes
Indiana Historical Society (P0409)
Daniel R. Weinberg Lincoln Conspirators Collection
Adjusting the Ropes (detail)
Of the eight Booth conspirators tried for their role in the assassination plot, four were sentenced to death: Mary Surratt, David Herold, Lewis Powell, and George Atzerodt. While the men had been major participants in the plot (even if Herold and Atzerodt had failed at their assignments), Mary Surratt sentence was more controversial, as it was argued that her boardinghouse was simply where the conspirators had met; that her son John was part of the conspiracy did not help her cause. The jury was also uneasy about the federal government executing a woman for the first time. Convicted and sentenced on June 30, the conspirators were executed on July 7 at Washington’s Old Arsenal Prison, out of public view. In a macabre display of chivalry, a man holding an umbrella shielded Mary Surratt from the sun before the traps were sprung.
Gardner was the only photographer allowed to document the executions, a recognition of his prominence as a documentarian. His camera position on the wall of the prison allowed him a panoramic view. (Text from the exhibition website)
The date was July 7, 1865. Alexander Gardner and his assistant Timothy O’Sullivan took a series of ten photographs using both a large format camera with collodion glass-plate negatives and a stereo camera (used to make 3D stereoscope pictures). This series of photographs are considered one of the first examples of photojournalism ever recorded.
Mary Surratt, Lewis Powell, David Herold and Georg Atzerodt. The four conspirators are now standing (Mrs. Surratt is supported by two soldiers) and is being bound. A hood has already been placed over Lewis Powell’s head by Lafayette Baker’s detective John H. Roberts. The nooses are being fitted around the necks of David Herold and George Atzerodt.
“On July 7, 1865, at 1.15 pm., a procession led by General Hartranft escorted the four condemned prisoners through the courtyard and up the steps to the gallows. Each had their ankles and wrists bound by manacles. Mary Surratt led the way, wearing a black bombazine dress, black bonnet, and black veil. More than 1,000 people – including government officials, members of the U.S. armed forces, friends and family of the accused, official witnesses, and reporters – watched. General Hancock limited attendance to those who had a ticket, and only those who had a good reason to be present were given a ticket. (Most of those present were military officers and soliders, as fewer than 200 tickets had been printed.) Alexander Gardner, who had photographed the body of Booth and taken portraits of several of the male conspirators while they were imprisoned aboard naval ships, photographed the execution for the government. Hartranft read the order for their execution. Surratt, either weak from her illness or swooning in fear (perhaps both), had to be supported by two soldiers and her priests. The condemned were seated in chairs, Surratt almost collapsing into hers. She was seated to the right of the others, the traditional “seat of honor” in an execution. White cloth was used to bind their arms were bound to their sides, and their ankles and thighs together. The cloths around Surratt’s legs were tied around her dress below the knees. Each person was ministered to by a member of the clergy. From the scaffold, Powell said, “Mrs. Surratt is innocent. She doesn’t deserve to die with the rest of us”. Fathers Jacob and Wiget prayed over Mary Surratt, and held a crucifix to her lips. About 16 minutes elapsed from the time the prisoners entered the courtyard until they were ready for execution.
A white bag was placed over the head of each prisoner after the noose was put in place. Surratt’s bonnet was removed, and the noose put around her neck by a Secret Service officer. She complained that the bindings about her arms hurt, and the officer preparing said, “Well, it won’t hurt long.” Finally, the prisoners were asked to stand and move foward a few feet to the nooses. The chairs were removed. Mary Surratt’s last words, spoken to a guard as he moved her forward to the drop, were “Please don’t let me fall.” Surratt and the others stood on the drop for about 10 seconds, and then Captain Rath clapped his hands. Four soldiers of Company F of the 14th Veteran Reserves knocked out the supports holding the drops in place, and the condemned fell. Surratt, who had moved forward enough to barely step onto the drop, lurched forward and slid partway down the drop – her body snapping tight at the end of the rope, swinging back and forth. Surratt’s death appeared to be the easiest. Atzerodt’s stomach heaved once and his legs quivered, and then he was still. Herold and Powell struggled for nearly five minutes, strangling to death.
Each body was inspected by a physician to ensure that death had occurred. The bodies of the executed were allowed to hang for about 30 minutes. The bodies began to be cut down at 1.53 pm. A corporal raced to the top of the gallows and cut down Atzerodt’s body, which fell to the ground with a thud. He was reprimanded, and the other bodies cut down more gently. Herold’s body was next, followed by Powell’s. Surratt’s body was cut down at 1.58 pm. As Surratt’s body was cut loose, her head fell forward. A soldier joked, “She makes a good bow” and was rebuked by an officer for his poor use of humor.
Upon examination, the military surgeons determined that no one’s neck had been broken by the fall, as intended. The manacles and cloth bindings were removed (but not the white execution masks), and the bodies were placed into the pine coffins. The name of each person was written on a piece of paper by acting Assistant Adjutant R. A. Watts, and inserted in a glass vial (which was placed into the coffin). The coffins were buried against the prison wall in shallow graves, just a few feet from the gallows.”
“Mary Surratt” text from the Wikipedia website
General Sheridan and His Staff
Another in Alexander Gardner’s valedictory series of the major Union commanders in each theater of the war, this photograph groups four of the figures from the 1864 campaign in the Shenandoah Valley under the command of Philip Sheridan (1831-1888). Sheridan is standing to the left; at the table are cavalry officer Wesley Merritt (1834-1910); George Crook (1830-1890), who had an independent force in western Virginia before joining Sheridan’s army; Sheridan’s chief of staff, James W. Forsyth (1835-1906); and perhaps America’s most famous cavalryman, George A. Custer (1839-1876).
This photograph brings together the men who would be major figures in the settlement of the Great Plains and the Indian Wars – none more emblematic than Custer. As such, it provides the bridge between the first half of Gardner’s career during the Civil War and the images of western land and people on which he focused during the rest of his photographic career. One war had ended; another was beginning. (Text from the exhibition website)
General Sheridan and His Staff (detail)
” … Gardner was born in Paisley in 1821 and trained as a jeweller before moving into the world of newspapers. An idealist and socialist, he formed the left-leaning newspaper the Glasgow Sentinel in 1851. His keen interest in photography led to him emigrating across the pond in the hope of furthering his career. He was headhunted by [Matthew] Brady and at the outbreak of the war was well-positioned in Washington.
He was recruited as a staff photographer by General George B. McClellan, commander of the Army of the Potomac, and made history on 19 September 1862 when he took the first photographs of casualties on the battlefield at Antietam. In 1863, Gardner split from Brady and formed his own gallery in Washington with his brother James [May 1863]. In July of that year, he photographed the aftermath of the Battle of Gettysburg, developing images in his travelling darkroom.
Author Keith Steiner said: ‘Gardner was essentially a photojournalist. He had to process and develop the photographs on the move and in the middle of a battlefield which was not easy. He was highly regarded and Walt Whitman once said that he ‘saw beyond his camera’… ‘He was an artist, in some ways a scientist and a publisher. He was the complete package.’
Gardner was also the official photographer to President Abraham Lincoln. He captured him seven times, including before his inauguration in March 1861 and in February 1865, just weeks before he was assassinated. The war-time leader personally visited Gardner to have his photograph taken every year instead of the Scotsman visiting the White House.
Keith said: ‘Most of the photographs you see of Lincoln were taken by Gardner and chart how he aged physically. He was pictured in 1861 then a few years later and it is like a different man. In February 1865, he is a broken man and has aged about 20 years through the stress of the civil war. It is an incredibly revealing photograph’.”
Anonymous. “How Abraham Lincoln’s Scottish photographer became the first man to capture the horrors of the Civil War but was robbed of the credit… until now,” on the Daily Mail Australia website 25 January 2014 [Online] Cited 27/02/2016.
The West, 1867-1872
After the war, Alexander Gardner photographed events and people associated with one of the most abiding preoccupations of the nineteenth century: westward expansion. From 1867 to 1872 he made portraits of American Indian leaders who traveled to Washington to negotiate preservation of their traditional lands and lifeways, even as white Americans flooded the frontier. In 1867, Gardner became the first photographer to document a transcontinental project, making views of the Kansas Pacific Railroad’s construction activities, bustling frontier towns and settlements, Army forts, Indian villages, and magnificent empty landscapes.
The federal government then hired Gardner to photograph the spring 1868 treaty negotiations between the Indian Peace Commission and leaders of the Crow, Northern Cheyenne, Northern Arapaho, and Lakota in the Dakota Territory. The Fort Laramie Treaty established reservations on the northern Plains, marking a watershed moment in the relationship between Native peoples and the government. Gardner’s images are the only photographs of treaty negotiations ever commissioned by the U.S. government. (Text from the exhibition website)
“Westward the Course of Empire Takes its Way.” Laying track, 300 miles west of Missouri River, 19th October, 1867
William T. Sherman Collection of Alexander Gardner Photographs, National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution (P10134)
“Westward the Course of Empire Takes its Way.” Laying track, 300 miles west of Missouri River, 19th October, 1867 (detail)
Alexander Gardner quoted from the final stanza of a 1726 poem by Bishop George Berkeley for the title of this photograph. The Anglo-Irish philosopher had originally offered his verse as a lamentation on the decline of British influence in North America, but after the Civil War, as the United States turned with determination to its expansionist agenda, Americans found particular resonance in Berkeley’s line, “Westward the course of empire takes its way.” Constructing a transcontinental railroad was central to the achievement of these ambitions. Although the company survived into the 1870s, the Kansas Pacific Railroad was unable to rally federal support for a transcontinental route along the southerly thirty-fifth and thirty-second parallels. On May 10, 1869, at Promontory Point in the Utah Territory, the “Golden Spike” ceremony joined the more northern tracks of the Union Pacific Railroad with those of the Central Pacific Railroad, marking the completion of the first railroads to link the East and West coasts of the United States. (Text from the exhibition website)
Bridge over the Laramie River near its Junction with the North Platte River, Fort Laramie, Dakota Territory
Indian Peace Commissioners in council with the Northern Cheyenne and Northern Arapaho, Fort Laramie, Dakota Territory
National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution; William T. Sherman Collection of Alexander Gardner Photographs (P15390)
Indian Peace Commissioners in council with the Northern Cheyenne and Northern Arapaho, Fort Laramie, Dakota Territory (details)
Left to right: Colonel Samuel F. Tappan (1831-1913), General William S. Harney (1800-1889), General William T. Sherman (1820-1891), General John B. Sanborn (1826-1904), General Christopher C. Augur (1821-1898), General Alfred H. Terry (1827-1890), and Commission Secretary Ashton S. H. White (lifedates unknown)
In the summer of 1867, when Congress convened the Indian Peace Commission, popular opinion in the eastern United States supported a diplomatic resolution to the so-called “Indian problem” on both the northern and southern Plains. (The negotiations on the southern Plains were not photographed.) Consisting of civilians and army generals, the commission managed to secure treaties with the region’s “hostile” tribes and convened its final meeting on October 7, 1868. By then, public sentiment had taken an aggressive turn and demanded increased military intervention in Indian matters. Overruling their more diplomatically minded colleagues, the commission’s military members – led by General William T. Sherman – used the shift in the political landscape to advantage. As a body, the commission resolved that the government “should cease to recognize the Indian tribes as ‘domestic dependent nations.'” Treaty-making, or diplomacy, was at an end, and in the coming years, military conflict characterized U.S.-Indian relations on the Plains. (Text from the exhibition website)
Lakota delegates Medicine Bull, Iron Nation, and Yellow Hawk with their Agent-Interpreter, Washington, D.C.
Lakota delegates Medicine Bull, Iron Nation, and Yellow Hawk with their Agent-Interpreter, Washington, D.C. (detail)
Left to right: Medicine Bull (lifedates unknown), unidentified interpreter, Iron Nation (1815-1894), and Yellow Hawk (lifedates unknown)
Alexander Gardner made three portraits of each American Indian pictured here: a group portrait and two separate portraits of each delegate, one in his Native and one in his Western attire. (A suit was often among the gifts given to Native delegates to the capital.) It is unknown how Medicine Bull (Sicangu Lakota), Iron Nation (Sicangu Lakota), and Yellow Hawk (Itazipacola Lakota) were dressed when they arrived to sit for their portraits, but Gardner’s apparent desire to make two individual portraits of each in many ways anticipates the popular “before and after” photographs of Native people that circulated in the following decades. The photographs were made to document the supposed salutary benefits of the sitter’s exposure to American civilization. (Text from the exhibition website)
The Lakȟóta people (pronounced [laˈkˣota]; also known as Teton, Thítȟuŋwaŋ (“prairie dwellers”), and Teton Sioux (from Nadouessioux – ‘snake’ or ‘enemy’) are an indigenous people of the Great Plains of North America. They are part of a confederation of seven related Sioux tribes, the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ or seven council fires, and speak Lakota, one of the three major dialects of the Sioux language. The Lakota are the westernmost of the three Siouan language groups, occupying lands in both North and South Dakota. The seven bands or “sub-tribes” of the Lakota are:
Sičháŋǧu (Brulé, Burned Thighs)
Oglála (“They Scatter Their Own”)
Itázipčho (Sans Arc, Without Bows)
Húŋkpapȟa (“End Village”, Camps at the End of the Camp Circle)
Mnikȟówožu (“Plant beside the Stream”, Planters by the Water)
Sihásapa (“Black Feet”)
Oóhenuŋpa (Two Kettles)
Notable Lakota persons include Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake (Sitting Bull) from the Húnkpapȟa band; Touch the Clouds from the Miniconjou band; and, Tȟašúŋke Witkó (Crazy Horse), Maȟpíya Lúta (Red Cloud), Heȟáka Sápa (Black Elk), Siŋté Glešká (Spotted Tail), and Billy Mills from the Oglala band. (Text from the Wikipedia website)
Ihanktonwan Nakota delegates Long Foot and Little Bird, Washington, D.C.
Albumen silver print National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution; William T. Sherman Collection of Alexander Gardner Photographs (P10149)
Ihanktonwan Nakota delegates Long Foot and Little Bird, Washington, D.C. (detail)
In a letter dated February 20, 1867, Smithsonian Institution Secretary Joseph Henry pressed Commissioner of Indian Affairs Lewis V. Bogy to fund a comprehensive effort to photograph Native delegates to Washington. Henry envisioned a kind of archive, a “trustworthy collection of likenesses of the principal tribes of the United States,” urgently adding that with the passing of “the Indian” only a few years remained to undertake such a project. Bogy apparently passed on the project, but the Smithsonian found an alternative collaborator in Englishman William Blackmore. (Blackmore posed before Alexander Gardner’s camera with Oglala Lakota leader Red Cloud. The portrait of the two men is on display nearby.) Blackmore commissioned local Washington photographers like Gardner to make portraits of visiting delegates such as the Ihanktonwan Nakota delegates Long Foot (lifedates unknown) and Little Bird (lifedates unknown), pictured here. Blackmore made his photographs available to the Smithsonian; they represent the institution’s very first photograph collection and are now housed in the National Anthropological Archives. (Text from the exhibition website)
Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery
8th and F Sts NW
11.30 am – 7.00 pm daily
Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery website
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All posts tagged he Getty Villa campus
Art Buzz February 15, 2012: Timothy Potts: Expert in ancient art to head LA’s J. Paul Getty Museum
Expert in ancient art to head LA’s Getty Museum
Source: AP, 2-15-12
An expert in ancient art who has overseen museums in England, the U.S. and his native Australia was named Tuesday to head the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles.
Getty officials said Timothy Potts, director of the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge, England, will take over Sept. 1.
Potts takes over two huge, architecturally impressive museum campuses, one at The Getty Center in the hills overlooking Los Angeles and the other at the Getty Villa, in the hills above Malibu.
The Getty Center campus is known for its extensive collection of European paintings, drawings and sculpture, American photographs and other pieces, while the Getty Villa campus hold an extensive collection of Greek, Roman and Etruscan antiquities, including more than 1,200 on view.
“I think the Getty has a unique combination of institutions that together cover more of the intellectual and technical and historical aspects of our history than any other place in the world,” Potts told The Associated Press by phone Tuesday from his home in England….READ MORE
by bonniekgoodman on February 15, 2012 • Permalink
Posted in Awards, Museum News
Tagged he Getty Villa campus, J. Paul Getty Museum, The Getty Center campus, Timothy Potts
Posted by bonniekgoodman on February 15, 2012
https://arthistorybuzz.wordpress.com/2012/02/15/timothy-potts-expert-in-ancient-art-to-head-la-j-paul-getty-museum/
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Black Sheep Weekly
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June 15, 2018 Culture
How much did the Nazis contribute to the Greek Civil War?
Posted by Isocrates II
The Greek Civil War of 1942 – 49 is considered as the first proxy conflict of the Cold War, reflecting a divided nation and international community leaving 45,000 dead. The Nazi Occupation from 1941-1944 had severe repercussions for Greece, contributing and exacerbating ideological divisions which lead to Civil War, yet foreign intervention after World War Two also played a role. The examination of the socio-economic consequences of the Nazi Occupation demonstrates how an ideological divide in Greece became exploited by foreign powers culminating in Civil War.
The Nazi German occupation of Greece impacted the country’s social and economic development, sharpening ideological tensions which contributed to the Civil War. Nazi Germany invaded Greece in April 1941 after a failed Italian offensive. Tactically and technologically superior to the Greek Army, the Nazis overcame the Greeks leading to the partition of Greece under Axis Occupation. The exile of significant political leaders left Greece with no experienced political establishment capable of negotiating with Nazi forces. Instead, a puppet government was formed, proving ineffective in persuading the rest of Greece to collaborate with the Axis forces.
Economically, the Nazi occupation compounded an already difficult situation with the emergence of hyperinflation which impacted particularly on the poor, thereby generating further support for the left-wing parties. The costs imposed by the Axis Powers increased Greek government deficit to 14 billion drachmas “against revenues of 16 billion”, the deficit expanded as occupation costs grew between 17 to 30 billion drachmas. State expenditure grew but this failed to raise revenue because of inefficient Greek tax collection, which became more useless throughout the occupation. The impact of Greek hyperinflation can be seen with two examples from June 1941- 42; as, the price of bread grew from 70 to 2,350 drachmas, and soap from 65 to 3,100. These figures, failing harvests, and occupation costs, severely affected food supplies leading to the Greek Famine of 1941-44.
In a 1981 economic study, economist Amartya Sen argues how natural disasters are never the only reason for famine; social factors and individual decisions play key roles. The Greek Famine supports this argument, as the Italian invasion interrupted the Greek harvest in 1941, which had been 25 percent lower than 1940. Greece’s food security was in a parlous state and this grew worse with maldistribution of food supplies and ineffective rationing. Growing discontent with the collaborationist government, led to armed farmers in the grain-producing region of Macedonia refusing to provide food from their harvests leaving the “government to collect barely one quarter of its grain target”. In addition, the Allied blockade of Greece prevented imports, 45 per cent of which was wheat, which increased the decline of the calorie count in rations from 324 calories to 204 between 1941- 42, significantly below modern regulations of calorie intake at 2000 – 2500.
Occupation costs on the Greek government played a key role in triggering hyperinflation and the British blockade prevented Greece from obtaining the necessary food supply it needed to combat the risk of a famine. Historian Mark Mazower believes the state failed to appropriately ration or distribute food to the public, which, together with unsuccessful land reforms from the Venizelos Government between 1910-1914, created an inefficient harvesting system. He suggests these contributed to the outbreak of the famine, which the German occupation evidently accelerated.
The harsh conditions Greeks lived through during occupation were decisive factors in the rise of Greek resistance movements, these movements culminated in the Greek Civil War. The two main groupings included a far-left resistance, led by the K.K.E or Greek Communist Party, known as the National Liberation (E.A.M), which became the National Popular Liberation Army (E.LA.S). Members of the Greek Communist Party (K.K.E) which, before the occupation, had not been a dominant force in Greek politics now saw an opportunity to expand political influence in Greece. E.L.A.S were strong in the north of Greece attracting a total of 1.5 million members by 1945, many being young men from rural areas. The main right wing resistance was E.D.E.S led by former officer Napoleon Zervas, and was more superior than E.L.A.S on the battlefield due to former military leaders in the group. By the 9th of October 1943, clashes broke out between both groups over territorial and influential ambition in Greece. These ended on 29 February 1944 after the Plaka agreement which prevented further bloodshed. However, the large communist presence clashed with the ideology of E.D.ES, which supported the exiled Monarchy, and were later supported by an international coalition escalating tensions into Civil War.
The Soviet Union’s success against Germany lead to the liberation from the Nazi occupation, further dividing resistance groups. The size of E.A.M/E.L.A.S was a threat to the Greek establishment returning from exile. E.A.M sought to take over Greece with a counter-offensive to capture Athens and impose a communist take-over. This never occurred, as E.A.M were uncertain of non-leftist support and feared foreign intervention. Historian David Brewer claims the K.K.E were opportunistic, beginning with democratic methods, eventually turning to violent ones when the latter failed. An example of this was E.A.M’s attempts at a peaceful demonstration in Athens in December 1944 which ended with authorities firing on the crowd killing protestors. This event reinforced E.A.M/E.L.A.S’s assessment that military action was needed. Understanding it needed immediate action before its members were integrated into the National Army, 2,000 E.L.A.S troops marched on Athens in December 1944, but were repelled by a newly arrived Allied force. By February 1945 ELAS forces surrendered under the terms of the Varkiza Agreement, supposedly ending the Civil War.
External factors, however, revived the conflict after Soviet and American relations deteriorated. The emergence of communist regimes in the Balkans after 1945, such as Tito’s regime in Yugoslavia, encouraged the remobilisation of the Greek communists. The Soviet Union wanted access to the Mediterranean through Greece, while the Allies aimed to contain communism. Historian Dr. Giorgos Antoniou observes how orthodox historians saw Western intervention in Greece as a fight for “western values”. Conversely, revisionists believed Western intervention “undermined Greek sovereignty” reflecting US imperialism. Under the Truman Doctrine, the United States sent $1 Billion, 74,000 tons of military material to aid the Greek Government in its war against the K.K.E. Greek Communists were further placed under pressure as the Percentages Agreement between Stalin and Churchill in 1944 excluded Greece from the Soviet Union’s sphere of influence leading to significant losses for the K.K.E. The Greek Government’s victory largely reflected the impact foreign intervention had during the Greek Civil War.
Foreign intervention sustained the Civil War, reflecting the political agendas of the West and Soviet Union. While the German Occupation allowed ideologically-based Greek resistance to exploit the Occupation for political opportunity, foreign intervention encouraged both sides to continue the Civil War. This widened the Greek ideological divide that emerged under Occupation, and hastened an end to the conflict. These Greek divisions persisted nearly two decades after with the Colonels’ coup and eventual military dictatorship in 1967. While the German Occupation acted as a contributing factor to the Greek Civil War, it was foreign intervention that prolonged the conflict making Greece the first ideological proxy conflict of the ‘Cold War.’
My thanks to the following sources:
Brewer, David. Greece, the Decade of War. London, United Kingdom: I.B Tauris, 2016.
Campbell, John, and Phillip Sherrard. Modern Greece. Toronto: General Publishing Company, 1968.
Cassimatis, Louis. American Influence in Greece, 1917-29. Kent, England: Kent State University Press, 1988.
Crile, George. Charlie Wilson’s War : The Extraordinary Story of How the Wildest Man in Congress and a Rogue CIA Agent Changed the History of Our Times. New York, United States: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2004.
Gardika-Katsiadaki, Eleni. “Period 1910-1914.” National Foundation Research. Last modified May 18, 2007. Accessed December 8, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20070518233429/http://www.venizelos-foundation.gr/endocs/bio10-14.jsp.
Glenny, Misha. The Balkans Nationalism, War and the Great Powers 1804 – 2012. London, England: Granta, 2012. Originally published as The Balkans, 1804 – 1999: Nationalism, War and the Great Powers (London, England: Granta Bookss, 1999).
Iatrides, John O., and Nicholas X. Rizopoulos. “The International Dimension of the Greek Civil War.” World Policy Journal, April 13, 2000, 87-103.
Marantzidis, Nikos, and Giorgos Antoniou. “The Axis Occupation and Civil War: Changing Trends in Greek Historiography, 1941-2002.” Journal of Peace Research 41, no. 2 (March 9, 2004): 223-31.
Mazower, Mark. Inside Hitler’s Greece. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1993.
Sen, Amartya. Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1981.
Stassinopoulos, Costas. Modern Greeks. Washington, District of Columbia: American Hellenic Institution Foundation, 1997.
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Tiger’s Quilt
Rocky Renquist says:
A really interesting historical topic and a skillful update in the analysis of influences, with a current perspective.
Isocrates II says:
Thanks glad you liked it. It’s a dark chapter in modern Greek history which also offers an explanation into the psyche of the modern Greek state.
Regina Pernice says:
Very well researched and very informative, but it is now history and I hope both countries have learned from it.
Anna Waldherr says:
Very informative.
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Benjamin Franklin Summary
An American Life
If, as Carlyle says, “the history of the world is but the biography of great men,” Walter Isaacson is surely one of the greatest modern historians. And the second man he chose to write about – possibly the greatest figure in American history.
A match made in heaven. And a warm recommendation for every American to read “Benjamin Franklin.”
Who Should Read “Benjamin Franklin”? And Why?
At the end of his biography, Walter Isaacson says that Franklin is “the most accomplished American of his age and the most influential in inventing the type of society America would become.”
So, if you are an American, “Benjamin Franklin: An American Life” should be your compulsory read for this month. However, “the First American” is only one of the things Benjamin Franklin was. Or, to restate this, Isaacson’s biography should prove exciting to historians and political theorists, to scientists and inventors alike.
Finally, this book would be more than an interesting read for anyone keen on learning how exceptional individuals manage to change the world.
About Walter Isaacson
Walter Isaacson is an American journalist and author. He has been the CEO of CNN and Managing Editor of the “Time” magazine, which, in 2012, voted him one of the 100 most influential people of the world.
Isaacson is a Professor of History at Tulane University and a major modern biographer. In addition to “Benjamin Franklin,” he has also written biographies about “Einstein,” “Kissinger,” “Leonardo da Vinci” and “Steve Jobs”. We featured the last one on our list of the best 15 biographies in history.
Isaacson has also written “The Innovators” and “The Wise Men,” which, loosely speaking, fall in the genre of “group biographies”.
Benjamin Franklin was… actually, there are two ways to end this sentence. And even Wikipedia couldn’t make the decision – so why should we?
In fact, let’s quote it:
Option #1: “Benjamin Franklin was an American polymath and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.”
We’ve used that word – polymath – four or five times so far in our summaries, so you already know what it means: a person with a very wide range of expertise. Or, as we would like to say, “a show-off”, or “everything we’ll never be.”
So, what was Benjamin Franklin more specifically?
Option #2: “Benjamin Franklin was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, freemason, postmaster, scientist, inventor, humorist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat.”
But, wait!
It gets even more fascinating:
Benjamin Franklin spent just two years learning at a local school, between the age of 8 and 10. Because, well, that’s how much money his father Josiah had! After all, he had 10 children with Benjamin’s mother! (In addition to the 7 from his previous marriage!)
So, at a very early age, Ben started working as an apprentice under his older brother James, who was a printer. And he was still a teenager when he started to think about owning a business himself.
However, what interested him even more was writing.
While working as a printer’s apprentice, he grew enamored with books such as “The Pilgrim’s Progress” and “An Essay Upon Projects”. And he even tested his skills in his brother’s newspaper, publishing under a female pseudonym, Mrs. Silence Dogood!
At the age of 21, Franklin established the “Leather Apron Club,” probably known to you as “Junto”. It was a group of “like minded aspiring artisans and tradesmen who hoped to improve themselves while they improved their community.”
And no one liked improving himself better than Franklin. He had a curious mind, and he liked to try to understand everything around him.
For example, in his time, many people believed that lighting is something supernatural. However, after witnessing some electricity tricks in Boston in 1743, Franklin did the math and realized that it’s nothing more than an electric discharge.
Scientists adored his brilliant solution via a simple experiment; religious people thought him nothing short of the devil. Hey – even Immanuel Kant blamed him for playing some sort of a god! In fact, he called him “the modern Prometheus.” Fun trivia: that’s exactly how Mary Shelley called Victor Frankenstein!
Just about the same time that he was discovering electricity – and naming “the battery” and “the conductor” – Franklin was shaping the United States. In 1747, he established a private voluntary militia and got an interesting political idea: federalism.
Namely, what if the American colonies had their own local governing laws, but were still subjects to the British Empire’s general law on more important matters (defense, expansion, etc.)?
Too democratic – thought the British about Franklin’s Albany Plan. Well, maybe the British shouldn’t have their say at all in American matters – started thinking Benjamin Franklin.
But, what finally did it was the Stamp Act of 1765.
Franklin wasn’t against it at the beginning, but it seems that the majority of the colonies were. And he found out this the hard way: while he was in England, a mob attacked his house, and his wife, armed with a rifle, barely survived!
So, when Franklin returned to Philadelphia in 1775, he had his mind already set: independent and united states of America.
However, his initial plan needed some tweaking. And it got just the right momentum the very next year, 1776, when Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense” sold over 100,000 copies. Now it seemed that there was no more space for backing out.
On July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence. And Benjamin Franklin corrected the first draft of Thomas Jefferson’s “Declaration of Independence” inserting “self-evident” where “sacred and undeniable” stood before.
You know the place.
Just like the rest of the story:
America wouldn’t have won against the British if Franklin hadn’t managed to secure an alliance with the French. And he did – in addition to later skirting the initial agreement with them to get as much as he could from Britain. (Read: independence; and, maybe, Canada.)
Without irking the French! Talking about diplomatic skills!
At an old age, Franklin would embark on one more mission: ending slavery. He would write three essays in 1789 and 1790, and back a petition. However, he’d ultimately fail.
And just some time after that, he would die on April 17, 1790, at the age of 84.
His legacy lives on.
Key Lessons from “Benjamin Franklin”
1. The Important Thing Is to Never Stop Questioning Things
2. Organize Your Life and Arrive at Moral Perfection
3. Half of the Proverbs You Know – Are Ben Franklin’s
The Important Thing Is to Never Stop Questioning Things
Forget all about what it did to the cat: curiosity is a virtue. Benjamin Franklin wouldn’t have been what he had become if he hadn’t been so curious. And the same is true about Einstein and Stephen Hawking. The latter one said it best: “I am just a child who has never grown up. I still keep asking these ‘how’ and ‘why’ questions. Occasionally, I find an answer.”
Organize Your Life and Arrive at Moral Perfection
Begun in 1771, but publish after his death, Benjamin Franklin’s autobiography has been described as “the most remarkable of all the remarkable histories of… self-made men.” And the most interesting thing you get out of it: that Ben Franklin was the original life-organizer!
And everything he achieved in his life, he achieved through holding onto a simple routine and believing in 13 virtues penned when he was 20.
You can have a look at his schedule here: 8 hours of work a day, 6 hours of sleep, and the rest dedicated to examination. The morning question: “what good shall I do this day?” The evening question: what good have I done today?”
As for the 13 virtues – read them here. And adhere to them as well.
Half of the Proverbs You Know – Are Ben Franklin’s
Benjamin Franklin was a great prosaist. And he wrote for almost three decades for the yearly “Poor Richard’s Almanac” under a pseudonym. Finally, he collected the writings in a book called “The Way to Wealth.” And that’s where you can first find some of the phrases you use on a daily basis today.
Here’s just a small selection: “no pains, no gains,” “have you somewhat to do tomorrow, do it today,” and “early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”
When another asserted something that I thought an error, I denied myself the pleasure of contradicting him. Click To Tweet Franklin kept a horn book always in his pocket in which he minuted all his invitations to dinner, and Mr. Lee said it was the only thing in which he was punctual. Click To Tweet History is a tale, Franklin came to believe, not of immutable forces but of human endeavors. Click To Tweet Whoever accustoms himself to pass over in silence the faults of his neighbors shall meet with much better quarter from the world when he happens to fall into a mistake himself. Click To Tweet Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety. Click To Tweet
As we’ve already come to expect from Walter Isaacson, “Benjamin Franklin” is a triumph in historical research and engaging novelistic writing. It’s authoritative and yet easy to read, it’s gigantic (about 600 pages) and yet it’ll feel like you’ve finished in a heartbeat.
But, after all, Benjamin Franklin is such a colossal and colorful figure that he deserves nothing less.
Filed under: History & Biographies, Life Advice, Politics & Society
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Fighting for Visibility: The inside story of “Hidden Figures”
Astronomy.com has a great piece on the real life story that is told in the movie “Hidden Figures”
…These women, though not the faces memorialized in crowded mission-control room photos or seen waving from catwalks before launching beyond Earth’s grip, were nonetheless stars in their own right. And one of the brightest was Katherine Johnson.
Born in 1918 in White Sulphur Springs, Virginia, Johnson loved numbers as a child. She started college at West Virginia State University at age 15 and blew through the school catalog’s listed courses; her professor created new ones just for her. By 18, she had graduated summa cum laude with degrees in math and French. But career paths for black women were stark in the 1940s, even with a mind as sharp as Johnson’s. She taught school for more than a decade before joining the space race as one of the women, black and white, whom NASA (and its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, or NACA) hired as “computers”— people to do the math that kept NASA running.
When engineers needed to calculate the trajectory for Alan Shepard’s historic suborbital flight, Johnson volunteered. She told the men she worked with exactly where and how to shoot Shepard into the sky so he would splash down safely in range of watchful Navy ships. By the time Glenn orbited Earth, mechanical computers were beginning to replace humans. But Glenn, fearless as he was, wanted his path checked and his life in the hands of someone he could look in the eye, not an unfeeling machine. Johnson was that person, matching the computer decimal for decimal. And when Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins left Earth for the Moon, Johnson used the powerful new computers to calculate their trajectory as well. By the time she retired in 1986, she had left her fingerprints on NASA missions from the agency’s first forays beyond Earth into the space shuttle era.
Johnson and her colleagues, Dorothy Vaughan and Mary Jackson, feature prominently in the new book Hidden Figures, by Margot Shetterly. The book, which came out in September 2016, is about to hit the big screen as a major motion picture. Johnson is the lead character, played by Taraji P. Henson of the Fox television show Empire; Octavia Spencer and Janelle Monáe round out the cast as Vaughan and Jackson, respectively.
Johnson is arguably the most famous of a group of black women Langley Research Center hired to perform calculations during World War II. They were known as the West Computers because they worked in the segregated West Area of Langley. Toiling as brainy beasts of burden, these women — and their white counterparts in the East wing — took math problems parceled out by engineers and solved them with lightning speed and meticulous accuracy.
Read the full piece here.
Filed under: history, space, Women In STEM —
Tags: Hidden Figures, movies, NASA, women in STEM — by Jessica
Comments Off on Fighting for Visibility: The inside story of “Hidden Figures”
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The Princess and the Goblin, Princess and Curdie
(Orignially posted at the Castalia House Blog)
Part 1 Part 2
The Princess and the Goblin and its sequel The Princess and Curdie are quite different from the previous two books I’ve reviewed, in that they have strong characters and relatively well-crafted, engaging plots. They still have their weaknesses, and writers like Lewis, Chesterton and Tolkein far surpassed MacDonald in these aspects of writing, but these two books are a marked improvement. In some ways, they pair up like “The Golden Key” and Phantastes, in that the first book has children as the protagonists and a more child-friendly plot, and the second has adults (or near-adults) as the protagonists and many more mature themes and greater drama. The difference, of course is that in this case rather than merely exhibiting various parallels, the second is a genuine sequel to the first, and the protagonists are the same, only having grown up.
The worldbuilding in these two latter books is far more solid and consistent than in the former two. In “The Golden Key” and Phantastes, there is a normal human world in contact with a separate and a weird fairy world.
In The Princess and the Goblin, the goblins (also referred to as gnomes, kobolds or cobs) are former humanlike creatures who after harsh treatment by the human king in ages past retreated underground and have lived there ever since, over the generations becoming increasingly grotesque as well as cunning and bitter towards the humans and the king’s descendants in particular. The titular Princess Irene is the eight-year-old daughter of the current king, who due to her mother’s ill health had her moved from the palace to a large half-castle, half-farmhouse halfway up a mountain. He is frequently away from her on kingly business across his very large kingdom and a careful watch is kept on her to prevent the goblins from reaching her, so much so that in all her life she has never seen the night sky.
One day she manages to sneak away from her nurse into a distant corner of the half-castle, climbs its tower and discovers a mysterious magical grandmother figure, who reveals she is the princess’s great-great grandmother, and also named Irene, since the Princess was named after her. She is hundreds of years old and lives on pigeon’s eggs. No-one else in the house knows she is there (and as it turns out later, no-one else can see or hear her apart from the king).
A day or two later, the Princess and her nurse are out on a walk, but through the princess’ pleadings to go just a little further, they find themselves in the open after sundown, eventually hounded on many sides by goblins. They are rescued by the twelve-year-old son of a miner, Curdie, who shoos the goblins away with a rhyming song. (Being unable to sing themselves, they are repelled by the sound of singing, especially songs involving novel rhyming).
The goblins are somewhat comic villains, but they do present a genuine threat and are quite thoroughly fleshed out. They have relatively clearly laid out anatomical differences from humans that gives them different weak spots from human bodies, some of their perspectives flow directly from their anatomy, environment and day/night cycle, there is even a scandalous rumour among them about the anatomical results of interbreeding between goblins and humans, this aspect of the story feels almost science fictional.
Curdie and his father are often working down in the mines, occasionally working past sundown on the surface, at which time the goblins can be heard working on their own diggings, being nocturnal creatures One night, Curdie is down in the mines by himself and finds that the shaft he has been digging is right next to one of the goblins’ workings, so much so that he is able to overhear the conversation of a goblin family, in which they mention their anatomical weakness, as well as part of the diabolical plans they have for the humans. Curdie opens a small hole from his workings to theirs, and follows the family to a meeting with the Goblin king, where it is clear that the backup plan they have should their first plan fail, is to flood the mine that he and his father have been working. He tells his parents about the goblin plan and they start thinking about ways to foil it.
Several days later, Curdie goes out on various explorations of the goblin tunnels, trying to find out what their more immediate plan is, and on one of these missions he is captured by the goblin queen. Then comes one of the parts of the book for which it is famous, where the princess Irene comes and rescues Curdie instead of the other way around. This she does by following a magical thread given to her by her great great grandmother that only she can detect, which not only leads her directly to Curdie’s location but also shows her the way out. After leading Curdie to safety, she tries to introduce him to her grandmother, but he can’t see her or any of the beautiful furnishings of her room, and gets angry with the princess for making a fool out of him. I’m pretty sure this scenes inspired Lucy’s interactions with Aslan (and her siblings disbelieving her) in Prince Caspian.
There’s a lot more to the story, which ends with the Goblins’ plans being foiled and Curdie choosing the honest life of a miner over being made a member of the royal court, with both himself and the princess still being children. It’s an enjoyable and satisfying read, and fun for children.
The Princess and Curdie picks up a few years later, when both Curdie and Princess Irene are well into their teenage years. The princess left with the king and over the years Curdie has given in to cynicism. His hardened shell is broken through when he is teaching himself to use a bow and arrow and shoots down a pigeon, which as its life fades gives him a look that reminds him of the princess.
Distraught, he considers that perhaps this is one of the great-great grandmother’s pigeons and he seeks her out and finds her. She treats the pigeon, begins to teach him and gives him a test of obedience and wisdom. He passes the test and she invites him back to her tower, where she purifies Curdie’s hands in her magical fire and sends him on a mission to the king’s court. Curdie’s hands now have the power to tell whether someone is on a downward spiral towards becoming a beast, or are honest and good (this turns out to make some aspects of the story a little too easy and less satisfying).
He sets out on his journey, and reaches the capital, finding it full of arrogance and corruption, with many of the palace staff conspiring against the king, keeping him sick and confused through some sort of drugged (or perhaps poisoned) wine and trying to get him to sign a document that would abdicate all power to them. Curdie discovers the plot and together with the princess and the few loyal palace staff tries to rescue the king and salvage his kingdom, assisted by all manner of weird and wonderful creatures.
There are a great deal more little inspirational asides and poetical flourishes in the second book than the first, though not nearly as many as in Phantastes. There are a lot of fun things in this book, together with some aspects that don’t work quite as well, and an ending that is surprisingly downbeat. After saving the kingdom and eventually becoming king and queen as you would expect, they have no children of their own and leave no legacy behind. After they pass away, selfish and shortsighted kings take over and the kingdom eventually utterly destroys itself, disappearing from all human memory. It is an odd choice, perhaps MacDonald wanted to make sure that there would be no demand for more sequels, or perhaps he wanted to parallel the story of the last good king of Judah before the exile, who knows.
Anyway, I think the pair of them are worth a read, I might try reading them to my kids in the near future, and I have grown to appreciate some of Lewis’ admiration for the man and his work. When the rush of writing commitments has calmed, I’ll probably seek out some more of his work to try out.
I hope this little series of reviews has been as eye-opening to you all as it has been for me to explore this little corner of literature, which has proven to be a lot bigger on the inside than it appeared from the outside.
This entry was posted in Opinion and tagged Book review, fantasy, George MacDonald, The Princess and Curdie, The Princess and the Goblin by Ben Zwycky. Bookmark the permalink.
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The Worst Advice Dan Savage Has Ever Given
Dan Savage writes the internationally syndicated relationship and sex advice column "Savage Love." Savage has been outspoken in his support for gay rights and his hostility for social conservatives. In 2010 he and his husband Terry launched the "It Get Better Project" in response to a rash of suicides among LGBT teenagers. The project encourages gay LGBT adults to record videos for victims of bullying with the simple message that life gets better after high school. Savage is also the author of several books including "The Commitment: Love, Sex, Marriage, and My Family."
Question: What is the worst advice you’ve ever given?
Dan Savage: God. That is a hard question to answer. I once... God, I can’t even remember. You know, early on when I started writing the column it was a joke. I was going to be the gay advice columnist who was as rude to straight people as straight advice columnists always had been to gay people and it was just a gag. And straight people really responded to that kind of contemptuous treatment and started sending me real letters, and suddenly I had to answer real questions from real people. And I didn’t know jack shit about particularly women’s bodies because I stopped paying attention once I realized I wouldn’t... that was a country I was never going to visit. I didn’t need the Baedekers, you know? And so yeah, I didn’t know how the clit worked and I gave lousy advice about getting women off that got me yelled at.
I think the worst and perhaps most damaging advice I ever gave was to Jake Shears who I met when he was 15 years old and he asked if he should come out to his parents and he described what was going on and who they were and what you know what he thought they might know. And after he told me everything I was like: "Oh, they know. They’re just waiting for you to tell them. You should tell them. Just come out to them. They’re waiting. They’re ready." And he came out to them and they didn’t know and it was a big disaster and they threatened to pull him out of school and they were really angry and so he called me. I had a radio show and he called me and I got him off the air and got his mother’s phone number and called my mother and gave my mother Jake’s mother’s phone number and had my mom call him mom and yell at her. And it helped, but yeah, I gave him so really shitty advice. And that is really shitty advice. There is a lot of bad advice for gay middle schoolers and high schoolers out there telling them that they should just come out and not everybody is in a position where that is wise or safe and we have to tell these gay teenagers to take a cold, hard look at who their families are and where they live before they take that step. Most of the bullied gay kids are kids who can’t hide and can’t pass for straight and gay adults need to be careful about telling, as I was not at that moment, telling 15 year-olds to come out. Something like 40% of homeless teenagers are gay and lesbian teenagers who have been thrown out of the house when they were outed or came out and unless we’re willing to take, as a community, financial responsibility for these kids who get thrown out we just can’t glibly tell middle schoolers that they have a responsibility to come out in middle school and make it better for themselves if it really is going to imperil their lives and their futures to do that.
You have to come out from a position of strength and you have... and some security and I get grief because I tell kids who are in college whose parents are paying for college who would cut them off to wait. Wait until the last check clears in your senior year and then come out.
That said, you can... Sometimes gay people underestimate their families because they want to justify their own cowardice. Some people don’t come out to their families when they could and their families would be supportive and the gay person is just afraid and they inflate... they exaggerate their family’s homophobia in a self-serving way as an excuse never to come out. When I meet a 30 year-old who is not out to their family, it’s always that their family is so homophobic. And really what is going on there is that that gay person is a chickenshit and a coward and so they make their families out to be these monsters that they’re not, necessarily. And so they don’t ever have to like live some integrity and honesty and ethics and I have no sympathy for those people.
Recorded on October 18, 2010
Interviewed by Max Miller
There’s a lot of bad advice that tells teens to come out regardless of their family situation. "Not everyone is in a position where that it wise or safe," he says. On the other hand, "some gay people underestimate their families because they want to justify their own cowardliness."
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The Library of Congress > Blogs > Folklife Today > For Our 500th Post, Folklife Today Bids You Good Night (But Not Goodbye!)
For Our 500th Post, Folklife Today Bids You Good Night (But Not Goodbye!)
August 1, 2018 by Stephen Winick
Alan Lomax (left) and an unknown youngster, on board a boat during Lomax’s Bahamas recording expedition, 1935. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. LC Reproduction Number LC-DIG-ppmsc-00552 See the original here!
Way back when Folklife Today celebrated our 100th post, I highlighted one of Alan Lomax’s collecting triumphs, the disc numbered AFS 100. For this, our 500th post, I thought I’d do a similar story about AFS 500. This disc was also recorded by Alan Lomax, during a field trip to the Bahamas in 1935 which also featured collectors Zora Neale Hurston and Mary Elizabeth Barnicle. (Fun fact: the collection is officially called the “Alan Lomax, Zora Neale Hurston, and Mary Elizabeth Barnicle expedition collection” (AFC 1935/001), but drawing on the collectors’ last names, AFC reference staff refer to this collection colloquially as LoHuBa.)
Looking up the contents of AFS 500, I was delighted to find that it features a song with an interesting story: it’s the first field recording documenting the best known Bahamian rhyming spiritual, “I Bid You Good Night,” called in liner notes by the folklorist and musician Jody Stecher “one of the most beautiful songs in the English language—if not in the world.” The song has been covered many times in the pop and folk worlds, most famously by The Grateful Dead. Hear Lomax’s field recording below:
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This street scene shows Grants Town, where Lomax recorded anthems at Elisha Portier’s house, about 35 years before Lomax’s visit. The photo by William Henry Jackson was published about 1900, and is in the public domain. LC Reproduction Number LC-DIG-det-4a08892. Follow this link to the original photo and its bibliographic record.
AFS 500 was one of several discs recorded at an evening at Elisha Portier’s house in Grants Town, Nassau, in August 1935. The singers were a group of sponge fishermen from Andros Island, geographically the largest of the Bahamas islands. We don’t know that much about the evening’s recordings, because as Lomax later wrote: “The experience was overwhelming. I took no notes.” With no notes to fix the events in his memory, he didn’t remain consistent in his later accounts either. For example, although elsewhere he states that AFS 502 was recorded by himself and Mary Elizabeth Barnicle, on page 166 of this manuscript he identifies Elisha Portier, the homeowner who hosted the gathering, as the recordist. Since AFS 500 and AFS 502 were recorded the same night, this makes it possible that Portier engineered AFS 500 as well. It also sounds like it was a crowded gathering, and it may have been difficult to control the various singers’ distances from the microphones. Either an inexperienced recording engineer or the inherent difficulties of a crowded house may account for some of the recordings being made with levels too high, and therefore suffering from distortion. Sadly, one of the distorted takes is the B-side of AFS 500, an otherwise lively and powerful rendition of the hymn “Soldier of the Cross.” Hear that recording below:
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Anthems and Rhyming Spirituals: The Songs of AFS 500
Both songs on AFS 500 have their roots in works by the American hymnodist Ira David Sankey; specifically, “Soldier of the Cross” is based on a hymn with music by Sankey and words by Isaac Watts, while “I Bid You Goodnight” is based a hymn with music by Sankey and words by Sarah Doudney. In both cases, the relationships between the Bahamian spirituals and Sankey’s hymns are hard to discern at first listen, because both the words and the melodies are heavily influenced by the improvisational style known as “rhyming,” which was described by Bahamian music scholar Clement Bethel in an article in the 1983 Bahamas Handbook:
Rhyming spirituals were a product of the sponging days, when Bahamian men and boys found themselves on the Great Bahama Bank, locally called “the Mud,” for weeks at a time. They entertained themselves by singing anthems. Over a period of time, and through continued close association, crew members became familiar with each other’s vocal mannerisms. Certain outstanding singers gained a reputation as lead singers or “rhymers,” others became known as “bassers.” Gradually this musical role playing evolved into established tradition.
These rhyming spirituals were traditionally sung, unaccompanied, by men, and the texts were based on the older anthems or on some biblical story, event or character. Sometimes the songs relate events of local interest, for example, the drowning at sea of someone in the community, or the sinking of a ship. The over-riding feature of the style is the high incidence of improvisation, and as each voice is permitted to extemporize freely the resulting performance is characterized by a rhythmically complex texture. With the failure of the sponge industry in 1938, the rhyming style declined sharply and is very seldom, if ever, heard in the Bahamas today.
This picture of the Nassau sponge fleet was published by the Detroit Photographic Company in 1901. Lomax’s singers spent their lives in boats like this. LC Reproduction Number LC-USZ62-114277. Follow this link to the original photo and its bibliographic record.
In the 1930s, Lomax still found these “rhyming spirituals” referred to locally as “anthems,” an older name for Bahamas spirituals. He therefore referred to “rhyming” as “the anthem style,” and described it more thoroughly, in liner notes which he wrote in 1979, but which appeared later, with the Rounder CD Bahamas 1935: Chanteys and Anthems from Andros and Cat Island:
The handling of tempo is, perhaps, the most unusual feature of the anthem style. The several parts are likely not only to have different tonal levels, rhythmic patterns, and distinctive melodic patterns, but be proceeding at different speeds – one rather slow, one medium, one with accelerations, and one, the rhyming part, in quick time. Meantime the overall tempo of the song steadily increases the longer it is sung; this is characteristic of much African and African American music; it leads to religious possession, and inspires more and more dazzling passages by the dancers and the drummers. But the marked use of multiple tempos by Bahamian choirs – grave for the alto, presto for the bass, and prestissimo for the rhymer – is unique in the universe of song, so far as I am aware.
This photo shows a sponge yard where rows and rows of sponges dry in the sun, near the Nassau docks in about 1904. The men who sang for Lomax spent time in yards like this. The photo from the Detroit Photographic Company is in the public domain. Reproduction Number LC-USZ62-114276. This is a detail; follow this link to the uncropped original and its bibliographic record.
Interestingly, Lomax applied to these songs his longtime theory that singing styles grow directly out of other aspects of a culture, especially work roles:
The distinctive effect of multiple tempos…flows, I believe, from the marriage of Bahamians to the sea and small sailboats. A sailboat moving through the sea before a good wind moves in several tempos: the lift, plunge and roll of the vessel through the water, and the forward motion of the boat itself, which increases imperceptibly and with an effect of mounting thrill as sails are trimmed and as the breeze picks up. Other rhythms can be heard in the rapid slatting of ropes against the sails, the slow creaking of the mast and the blocks, and the slide of the water along the side and perhaps across the deck. As the weather gets heavier all these dramatic and independent sound effects grow quicker, louder and more intense. […]
I believe the anthem style, which is distinctive of the period of the sponge fleet, when the seamen of the Bahamas literally lived on their cackly shell craft for years on end, is a characteristically African reworking of these maritime experiences. One might call it an organization of energy patterns and social [work] roles primarily in terms of tempo, but also of dynamics and pitch. Increase of tempo, and multiple tempos, are the very heart of much of African music. What the Bahamian added was giving each member of the group a different set of words, with a different syllabic rate to each group member.
It’s hard to say whether Lomax’s inspiration as to the origin of “rhyming” is accurate, but it’s certainly an interesting take on this unique, African-derived maritime song tradition. Whatever the origins of the style, the published words and melody of any hymn adapted as a “rhyming spiritual” were only initial inspiration, the basis from which to begin improvisation. This is what we hear in both songs on AFS 500.
A Closer Look at “I Bid You Goodnight”
Novelist and poet Sarah Doudney wrote the original words to the hymn “The Christian’s Good Night.” This image was published before 1923 and is therefore in the Public Domain.
Although both “Soldier of the Cross” and “I Bid you Goodnight” are well known songs, only in the case of “I Bid You Goodnight” was the Bahamian adaptation more influential on popular culture than the Sankey original. Typically sung at the end of a wake, “I Bid You Goodnight” is clearly related to Sankey’s hymn “Sleep on Beloved” or “The Christian’s Good Night.” This older song was published as a poem by Sarah Doudney in her 1871 book Psalms of Life, then set to music by Sankey, published in his hymnals by 1891, and sung by Sankey at the funeral of Charles Haddon Spurgeon in 1892.
As performed at Portier’s house in 1935, “I Bid You Goodnight” features the typical tempo variations and improvised chanting described by Lomax as part and parcel of the rhyming style. Despite the text being mostly improvised, and very hard to understand, a few phrases from the older hymn, including “Jesus love you best,” are audible in the leader’s delivery.
Although Lomax’s is the earliest recording of this Bahamian rhyming anthem, it was another Bahamian version of “I Bid You Goodnight,” collected by Jody Stecher and Peter K. Siegel from Joseph Spence and the Pinder family, that had a major impact on the folk and pop scenes of the 1960s. This later field recording, which was released on the 1966 Nonesuch LP The Real Bahamas, contains more lines from the older hymn, and can be heard at this link.
In Britain, the Spence/Pinder version of “I Bid You Goodnight” became the basis of the second movement of a quirky long-form piece called “A Very Cellular Song” by psychedelic folk and world music ensemble The Incredible String Band. The song is a 13-minute exploration of life, death, love, growth, evolution, and (of course) amoebas. You can hear it here; “I Bid You Goodnight” begins at 0:44 and lasts until 2:57.
In the United States, the best-known cover was by The Grateful Dead, who used it as a concert closer in the periods 1968-1971 and 1989-1990. They called the song either “We Bid You Goodnight” or “And We Bid You Goodnight.” As is typical for the band, many live recordings exist, revealing considerable variation in their renditions over the years. One of their most complete takes on the song can be heard in this video, recorded at the Fillmore East in New York City in April 1971. A rendition from their revival of the song, recorded at the Knickerbocker Arena, Albany, NY, March 1990, can be found at this link.
Interestingly, both the Grateful Dead and the Incredible String Band performed at Woodstock on Saturday, August 16, 1969. Sadly, neither group performed “I Bid You Goodnight” at the festival. (Still, you can now stump your friends with a great trivia question: what Bahamian folksong was recorded by two different acts who played the Saturday of Woodstock?)
The Incredible String Band in Amsterdam, September 25, 1970. Left-right: Rose Simpson, Mike Heron, Robin Williamson, Christina “Licorice” McKechnie. The photo by Bert Verhoeff is part of the Netherlands National Archive, and is in the Public Domain.
The Incredible String Band and the Grateful Dead weren’t the only groups to recognize the beauty of this Bahamian spiritual. Many other groups all over the world recorded it, and versions available in licensed videos on youtube include those by Aaron Neville, Bill Staines, the Any Old Time String Band, the Cat Island Mites, Charlie Mosbrook, and the Soweto Gospel Choir.
One group recorded the song and discovered more about it in the 1990s. Waterson: Carthy, an English folk group consisting of Norma Waterson, her husband Martin Carthy, their daughter Eliza, and other family members, released this version of the song on their 1995 debut album. At the time, they included in their liner notes the following story about learning a version of the song through following the research of two folklorists in North Yorkshire:
A year or two ago, John Howson visited Staithes to record the Fisherman’s Choir, and was accompanied by Maggie Hunt who, at the same time, was interviewing the individuals involved. During conversations, Mr. Willie Wright sung a snatch of the Sankey hymn ‘Sleep On Beloved’ which he described as a lowering down song at funerals, and which was clearly the same song as ‘I Bid You Goodnight’ but in an earlier form, and when Norma heard it she went to see Willie, who kindly provided her with the other verses. When we sang the song to Jody Stecher, he was enormously pleased, not least because its function as a funeral song in the Bahamian fishing community was identical to that in its North Yorkshire counterpart.
The Grateful Dead at the Warfield Theater in San Francisco, October 9, 1980. Left-right: Jerry Garcia, Billy Kreutzmann, Bob Weir, Mickey Hart, Phil Lesh. The photo by Chris Stone was shared to Flickr with a Creative Commons License.
Same Singers, Different Disc?
At the time he recorded AFS 500, Alan Lomax apparently did not consider “I Bid You Goodnight” particularly noteworthy. In fact, he doesn’t mention it in any of his later writings on the genre. The song he singled out as especially fine was “Dig My Grave,” which he issued on the 1942 78 rpm record album Bahaman Songs, French Ballads and Dance Tunes, Spanish Religious Songs and Game Songs (AAFS 5), which was later reissued on LP with a different title as AFS L5. You can download a pdf of the liner notes here. He and his father John A. Lomax also published “Dig My Grave” in their book Our Singing Country with the following headnote:
The present popularity of close-harmony anthem singing among Bahaman Negro men is due, probably, to its fairly recent introduction from the United States, which the Bahaman thinks of as a land of milk and honey and millionaires. In the evenings on the sponging grounds south of Andros, on Sundays on the water front, these groups gather, each about a leader who improvises ballads about the last hurricane, about Noah or Job, while the group fills in sad harmony—early English with a dash of barber-shop—behind him. “Dig My Grave,” thus improvised by a group of men from Andros Island, is, we feel, one of the finest of Negro spirituals.
This picture of the Nassau sponge fleet was published by the Detroit Photographic Company in 1906. Lomax’s singers spent their lives in boats like these. LC Reproduction Number Reproduction Number LC-DIG-det-4a11928. Follow this link to the original photo and its bibliographic record.
To add to the mystery, in Our Singing Country Lomax identifies the singers on “Dig My Grave” simply as a “group of Andros Island men,” but in the AAFS 5 notes he identifies them as David Pryor and Henry Lundy. This suggests he was very impressed with the song, because in a letter to Pryor written in 1944, Benjamin Botkin, Lomax’s successor at the Library of Congress, informed the singer: “Alan Lomax…considers you the best singer he has ever heard.” On the later CD compilation Bahamas 1935, however, Lomax’s daughter Anna went back to calling the singers “unidentified,” and wrote that “Dig My Grave” is led by the same singer who leads “I Bid You Goodnight.” Anna called the unknown rhymer an “unidentified magnetic singer” with a “distinctive lead voice.” As usual, I’m with Anna, but you can listen to “Dig My Grave” in the player below and see what you think: is it the same singer?
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Don’t Dig Our Grave!
It’s hard to believe this is the 500th post here at Folklife Today. When we proposed this blog to the Library after discontinuing the paper newsletter Folklife Center News, we were excited about the prospect of a publishing platform that would allow us to present the rich audio and video treasures of the American Folklife Center and the Veterans History Project alongside curatorial commentary by our expert staff. Almost five years later, the dedicated staff of Folklife Today bloggers has presented half a thousand posts pointing our readers to fascinating and fabulous collections and highlighting our public programs. I’m proud to be a part of this great crew!
Finally, just because we decided to talk about AFS 500, and the disc happens to feature funeral songs, don’t get any ideas! Folklife Today is going strong and plans to make our 501st post soon—maybe even this week. We’re also planning some fun new content for our fifth anniversary, which is coming up at Halloween. We’re eager to keep you informed about the archival treasures and programming activities of the American Folklife Center for a long time to come. So thanks to all you readers out there for enjoying some or all of our first 500 posts. We hope you’ll stick around for 500 more.
Posted in: Folk Music, Uncategorized
Paul J. Stamler
Hi Stephen:
Congratulations on #500!
As far as Woodstock is concerned, my understanding is that while the Incredible String Band was scheduled to perform, something went wrong, and they didn’t appear.
Stephen Winick
Thanks, Paul, but that’s not accurate. They definitely played, as I said in the blog, on Saturday. The glitch you remember just resulted in them playing Saturday instead of Friday. They were scheduled to appear on Friday, but they refused to play their delicate ethnic instruments in the rain. Their slot was given to Melanie, and they appeared on Saturday instead, between the Keef Hartley Band and Canned Heat. Very little of their set was included in any of the Woodstock films, which may have given you the impression that they didn’t play. But as you can see at this link, two of their songs appeared on the Rhino box set Woodstock 40 Years On, released in 2009. The lineup was the same four people in the photo I included in the blog. You can see photos of their performance and setlists over at their entry in the Woodstock Wiki.
Bonnie Jeanne Speeg
Ah, thankyou for the topic and research. I indeed, heard Incredible String Band perform live in 1969, December..and they sang “Bid You Goodnight”. It was favorite of mine already. I am a huge fan to this day of that enlightened group….and their ethereal, from a place in the past at times, way of bring poems and music to us…is furthered by the fact that this tune, and maybe others, have such influence from much older songs and melodies. Thank you.
Mike Rivers
Happy 500th!
“Fun fact: the collection is officially called the “Alan Lomax, Zora Neale Hurston, and Mary Elizabeth Barnicle expedition collection” (AFC 1935/001), but drawing on the collectors’ last names, AFC reference staff refer to this collection colloquially as LoHuBa.”
I’d have called it the pronounceable AlZoBarn in tribute to Mike Seeger, who used to shelve his 78s in alphabetical order, by first name of the artist. Flatt and Scruggs records were filed under “L” for Lester.
It would have been AlZoMa, Mike! But LoHuBa is pretty pronounceable too…rhymes with “tuba!”
Thanks, Bonnie! My own band performs “October Song” at the appropriate time of year!
Suzanne in Wyoming
Thank you for this wonderful 500th Post. Keep up the great work! Suzanne
jh bailes
Fine scholarship, as usual, Stephen. I’ve loved this song and sing it. How nice to have this background! I enjoy the judicious balance you always display, offering your own suggestions.
Ayobami
Nice! This is magnificennt. Good night but not goodye.
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The Library of Congress > Blogs > Folklife Today > quilts
Archive for the quilts Category (1 post)
Geraldine Niva Johnson: In Memoriam
January 12, 2017 by Stephen Winick
Geraldine Johnson interviews Ruth Newman, who is cooking in her aunt’s home in Galax, Virginia. Blue Ridge Parkway Folklife Project Collection. Photo by Lyntha Scott Eiler.
Note: the following is a guest post by Carl Fleischhauer, a former staff member who participated in many of AFC’s field projects in the 1970s and 1980s.
This blog celebrates the life of Geraldine Niva Johnson, who passed away on November 16, 2016. Gerri was a folklorist who specialized in women’s crafts, especially woven rag rugs and quilts. Her contributions to two American Folklife Center field research projects in the 1970s, however, demonstrated that her sensitivities and knowledge extended well beyond the realm of fabric arts.
Gerri was born on July 10, 1940, to Clifford and Janet Niva in Superior, Wisconsin. The family–of Finnish extraction–moved to Duluth, Minnesota, not long after her birth. Gerri graduated cum laude from the University of Minnesota, Duluth, in 1963 with a degree in English. She got a high school teaching job in Tucson, Arizona, where she met Jim Johnson, whom she married in 1965. A year later they moved to Los Angeles where Gerri received her master’s degree from UCLA, followed by a move to Washington, DC, where she taught at Howard University and the University of Maryland, College Park. Within a few years, Gerri had started work on her doctorate at the University of Maryland.
Gerri’s folklife fieldwork began in earnest when she participated in a crafts survey for the state of Maryland in 1975, a project that took her to the highlands of the Western Maryland panhandle, where she documented domestic rug-making. This study evolved into her doctoral dissertation, “The Weaving of Rag Rugs: A Women’s Craft in Western Maryland.” Gerri received her degree in 1980. An essay based on this work was published in Rosan A. Jordan and Susan J. Kalcik’s Women’s Folklore, Women’s Culture (1985, University of Pennsylvania Press), with the full study presented in the 260-page monograph Weaving Rag Rugs; A Women’s Craft in Western Maryland (1985, University of Tennessee Press).
In 1987, Thomas McGowan reviewed Gerri’s book for the Appalachian Journal, praising its “clear descriptions of weavers’ methods, careful distinctions of regional style, and provocative insights into the personal esthetic, traditional patterns, material necessity, chance, community values, and weaver-customer negotiation.” McGowan added that “Johnson’s careful descriptions, dogged and voluminous research, and articulate expression of individual values make it an exemplary folk craft analysis ….”
This writer sees Gerri-the-person in those words as much as the text-she-wrote. Her insights were always as much about the people she visited as about the crafts they created. She said as much herself in the 1985 essay: “Describing the [weaving] process . . . tells us as much about the rug maker as it does about the rug.”
Gerri Johnson took this portrait of quiltmaker Donna Choate and her husband Sabe standing in front of a fence with a quilt draped over it. (Blue Ridge Parkway Folklife Project Collection AFC 1982/009: BR8-GJ29-14.)
In 1978, she joined the American Folklife Center’s field team for the Blue Ridge Parkway Folklife Project. There were fabric-based crafts in this region–quilts more than rugs–and Gerri found great examples, many of which are featured in the online collection Quilts and Quiltmaking in America, 1978-1996 . Here are two, named by the patterns applied to their pieced tops: “Trip Around the World” by Donna Choate of Alleghany County, North Carolina and “Sunflower” by Maggie Shockley of Hillsville, Virginia.
Gerri’s recorded interviews not only gathered information about quilt design and method but also elicited insights into place and time. “You know, I’ve never done any of the, of the fancier quilting,” Maggie Shockley told Gerri. “By the piece, by whatever pattern the quilt is pieced. The fact is, I think most of us mountain people, always quilted, that, that was the type of quilting that most of the people around did, was just the fan, or the diagonal, or quilted it by the block rather than, I know, in late years, you know, since quilting has become quite a fad, that, a lot of it is done more or less with the fancy scrolls and so on.” (Hear this segment in the player below. Find Gerri’s other interviews and photos of Maggie Shockley at this link.)
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Gerri’s fieldnotes from the Blue Ridge project reveal the breadth of her interest in cultural expression, including examples encountered at the many small Protestant churches that dot the region. Joined by other members of the project team, Gerri documented worship services and social events at the Crab Creek Primitive Baptist Church, the Crossroads Primitive Baptist Church, the Laurel Glenn Regular Baptist Church, the Coulson Church of the Brethren, the New Covenant Baptist Association meeting at Redmond Creek, and the Faith Temple Mission.
One three-and-a-half-hour service at the Galax Primitive Baptist Church included hymn singing, preaching (three ministers), communion, and footwashing, followed by a dinner on the grounds. Of the footwashing, Gerri wrote with respectful care:
Elder Nelson removed his coat, and all the men followed his lead and removed their coats. Approximately half of the individuals in the congregation walked up to the front, took a basin, filled it with a small amount of water, selected a church member, and washed his or her feet. Men chose men and women chose women. The elders and the sisters passed out the water and the towels.
Gerri’s sympathetic engagement with the spiritual realm is also prominent in her contributions to another American Folklife Center field project, the 1979 Rhode Island Folklife Project. In that state, religious expression has a different look and feel from the Blue Ridge Mountains, reflecting Rhode Island’s industrial history, which brought many European nationalities, French Canadians, and others to the state.
Scene from a baptism at St. Ann’s Roman Catholic Church in Woonsocket, August 26, 1979. Photo by Henry Horenstein. (Rhode Island Folklife Project Collection, AFC 1991/022.)
Gerri’s notes from church services sometimes convey a vivid sense of “doing fieldwork,” like this self-deprecating example from St. Ann’s Roman Catholic Church in Woonsocket (a spectacular building that is now a cultural center). Gerri was accompanied by project photographer Henry Horenstein. Before the service, she wrote, the Rev. Eugene Lessard had instructed Henry: “Just be discreet. I don’t want people looking at you instead of paying attention to the service.” Gerri added, “Those words were to haunt me later on.” Her fieldnotes for August 26, 1979, continue:
In the middle of that service, the baptism was carried out. The marble font had already been placed at the front of the church and each couple, each foursome actually, with a child came up to the front [to be] baptised. The child was baptised by the priest, and then the parents stood in a line. At about this time I was shocked to see Henry leap over the altar rail and stand right next to the priest in order to get some good photographs. I was in agony at the rear of the church. I was certain that Father Lessard was just going to string me up. As it turned out it didn’t bother him at all. He didn’t suffer nearly as much as I did. In any event once all the families were lined up at the front of the church, the baptism was then completed, and they returned to their seats, and the rest of the service continued.
Gerri’s writings convey the importance and value of documenting people’s lives and thoughts. In another account from Rhode Island, she wrote of interviewing Mr. and Mrs. Romeo Berthiaume, a couple of French Canadian heritage. Here are Gerri’s notes from her visit the Berthiaume’s home in Woonsocket in August 1979:
I set up the tape recorder, we started tape recording probably about 6:30 or a quarter to seven, and in that first tape I hardly had to say one word. I began by saying, “tell me about yourself,” and he started in. He has a structured tale that he wants to tell without interruption, and it was not necessary for me throughout the first twenty minutes of the tape to say a word. He has it clearly outlined in his mind. . . . He has a very strong sense of his own professional commitment to what he considers French folksong. A folksong has a particular meaning for him. By French folksong he means the old folksongs sung in French, particularly those from French Canadian culture. When he was done presenting his life, I then switched the mike over to Mrs. Berthiaume so that she could do the same thing. I again had this strong sense that she had a tale to tell and that we would not get into any serious conversation until these two people had been allowed to give their own particular sense of self. She talked for a while. It was interesting to observe both of them at this point. During this first half hour, as they were talking, both of them leaned into the microphone and neither one of them looked at me. As hard as I tried to maintain eye contact with them, they were not talking to me. They were talking to the microphone; they were talking to future generations during the first tape. After they got through their separate structured reminiscences, then we carried on a normal conversation with eye contact, questions and answers and the kind of interaction that one would find more normal. But that first tape is very interesting in terms of what they felt they had to say about their lives and French Canadian culture in general.
(Listen to Romeo Berthiaume singing “La Soupe aux Pois” in the player below.)
{mediaObjectId:'30F29A1DE7A801CAE0538C93F11601CA',metadata:["La Soupe Aux Pois by Romeo Berthiaume. AFC 1991/022: AFS 22358"],mediaType:'A',playerSize:'mediumStandard'}
In the years that followed her participation in the folklife field projects, Gerri turned to other pursuits: she taught training courses for low-income students and, for a decade, managed a donut business that expanded from three to six shops. Her husband Jim recalls that she often adopted Persian and Himalayan cats, had a reputation for her “wicked wit,” and (connecting back to her Minnesota youth), labeled herself as an active Hubert Humphrey Democrat.
At the American Folklife Center, we recall her words about the Berthiaumes “talking to future generations,” confident that the products of Gerri’s folklife fieldwork will also speak to future generations, a testimony to the attention she paid to what was important to people, and the care she gave to preparing a documentary record with permanent value.
Note: We are not sure of the identities of people in the baptism photos above. If you know who they are, please leave us a comment to let us know!
Posted in: Fieldwork, Folk Art, Folklorists, obituaries, quilts, Textile arts
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Surface and Sequence: Microsoft helps entrepreneur succeed
By Microsoft Devices Team
Ariela Suster uses the Surface Pro tablet to create, collaborate, and help run Sequence, her accessories business that employs at-risk youth in El Salvador.
In light of tomorrow’s Small Business Saturday, an annual day in the U.S. that encourages holiday shoppers to shop at small businesses, let’s take a closer look at how one entrepreneur runs her business and makes a difference with the help of technology.
As a child growing up in El Salvador, Ariela Suster was no stranger to violence. Through the 1980s and into the 1990s, the small, beautiful Central American country was torn apart by civil war.
This former fashion-industry editor is now helping to re-build El Salvador’s next generation via Sequence, a business with the mission to disrupt the cycle of violence that limits youth living in an at-risk community in El Salvador by employing and empowering them.
“People join the path of violence because of lack of opportunity and lack of belonging,” Ariela said. “So I use the fashion platform as a means to address the issue of violence.”
One of her primary business tools is her Surface Pro that Ariela was given as part of the Microsoft collaboration a Surface and Lumia. For Ariela, who splits her time between New York City and El Salvador, she uses the tablet to dream up new designs and collaborate with her artisans via OneNote and Drive, talk with them daily on Skype, and create PowerPoint presentations about her collections, among other tasks.
For example, when she creates a “mood board” for a new collection, Ariela collects inspiring images from around the Web and adds notes with her Surface Pen. She’ll share those images with her team in El Salvador via OneDrive, and then they can add their own photos. It’s a truly collaborative process.
Once Ariela begins to finalize new bracelet designs, she can easily share changes to color or pattern via OneNote.
Better collaboration through technology
It wasn’t always this easy. Before she started using Surface, communicating changes was at times difficult: For example, the design she asked for may not end up being the same one the artisans produced.
“Now, I just give them a picture with my little notes around it,” Ariela said. “And we can continue to collaborate; I can continue to make color changes even if I’m not there in El Salvador with them.”
Not only does Surface help capture inspiration and make collaboration easier, the tablet has also made Ariela’s workflow more effective.
The lightness and small footprint of Surface means it’s easy to transport and work on the go, whether she’s on a plane, in her office in New York, or at home in El Salvador.
“I’m so pressed for time and I travel a lot, and this makes it easy for me to get my work done no matter where I am,” she said.
Ariela also used to scribble notes about various designs on scraps of paper, which she would then scan to share them with her team.
“With Surface, I just put them all into one place,” she said. “It’s so easy.”
Using Surface has been so successful that Ariela recently created an employee-led technology team to better learn how Surface and other tech devices (such as Microsoft Lumia) can help them even more, such as by creating a series of training videos.
“Surface has so many different features and very easy to use, so this is a very exciting process for us,” Ariela said.
Go here to check out the Sequence X Microsoft collaboration, which features bracelets embedded with an NFC chip. When you tap the bracelet on the back of your smartphone, your phone will play a short video* that shows how the bracelets were made—a direct link on how your purchase affects the lives of at-risk youth in El Salvador.
Are you inspired by Ariela’s story? Let us know on Twitter via @Surface.
*This NFC feature works with most Lumia and Android phones.
Tags Business Surface Pro
A New Era of Windows 10 Devices from Microsoft
Painting with pixels: The camera technology of the Surface Pro 4 and Surface Book
Surface Book – the ultimate canvas for artists
An artisan alliance assisted by Microsoft Lumia 640 XL
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Boeing Joint Helmet-Mounted Cueing System Wins $96 Million Contract
Boeing [NYSE:BA] received a $96 million contract Feb. 17 for its third full-rate production order of more than 400 Joint Helmet-Mounted Cueing Systems (JHMCS), expanding production capacity for the second consecutive year.
Under the contract, Boeing will provide the JHMCS for U.S. Air Force (USAF) and Air National Guard F-15 Eagles, USAF F-16 Fighting Falcons, U.S. Navy F/A-18E/F Super Hornets, as well as five international customers.
"U.S. Air Force and Navy pilots continue to praise this system, which significantly increases their combat capability," said Phil King, JHMCS program manager for Boeing. "The proven success of JHMCS in the field has resulted in a steady increase in customer demand."
Pilots first used the JHMCS operationally in Operation Iraqi Freedom. The system gives flight crew members the ability to rapidly acquire and designate a target simply by looking at it. By placing an aiming cross, projected on the helmet visor, over the desired target and pressing a button, the pilot can quickly and easily aim weapons and sensors to designate and attack airborne or ground targets. JHMCS also displays aircraft altitude, airspeed, gravitational pull and angle of attack on the visor, as well as tactical information, to increase the crew member's situational awareness.
Since 2000, Boeing has contracted for more than 2,000 systems. The company is the prime contractor and integrator for JHMCS. Vision System International, based in San Jose, Calif., is the major subcontractor.
A unit of The Boeing Company, Boeing Integrated Defense Systems is one of the world's largest space and defense businesses. Headquartered in St. Louis, Boeing Integrated Defense Systems is a $30.5 billion business. It provides network-centric system solutions to its global military, government and commercial customers. It is a leading provider of intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance systems; the world's largest military aircraft manufacturer; the world's largest satellite manufacturer and a leading provider of space-based communications; the primary systems integrator for U.S. missile defense; NASA's largest contractor; and a global leader in sustainment solutions and launch services.
Marguerite Ozburn
Boeing Global Strike Systems
marguerite.a.ozburn@boeing.com
Chris Haddox
chris.d.haddox@boeing.com
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Breaking Baroque
Blog of Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra and Chamber Choir
Breaking Baroque has moved!
Behind the Musik: Sound the Trumpet!
In search of Steffani’s music
Congratulations to Martin on 25 years at Tafelmusik!
Get to know Krisztina Szabó, mezzo-soprano
In search of Steffan… on Get to know Krisztina Szabó,…
Get to know Krisztin… on Get to know Krisztina Szabó,…
Harlequin Blog Serie… on Harlequin Blog Series: Marco M…
Dorothy Russel on Australia Tour 2018: Improvisi…
de Chareli on Baroque 101: The Triple H…
Tafelmusik in Program Notes March 28, 2018 962 Words
Behind the Musik: Bach B-Minor Mass
Download the Program Notes and Program Listing
By Charlotte Nediger
In the last years of his life, Johann Sebastian Bach set about composing and compiling a series of works that would represent a summation of his life’s work. The works were written, not for specific occasions, but rather as a testimonial to his achievements, and include The Musical Offering, The Art of the Fugue, The Goldberg Variations, and the eighteen chorale preludes. The last to be composed was the Mass in B Minor. Much has been written as to why Bach, a devout Lutheran, would have chosen a setting of the Roman Catholic Ordinary as a testament to his choral work. A plausible explanation is that Bach wished to leave to posterity a great Latin mass, a centuries-old symbol of Western culture, and a musical form that had challenged generations of composers. The tradition and the architecture of the Roman mass gave him the opportunity to write a complex, highly structured work, with a formality and on a scale not permitted by the Lutheran cantatas and Passions. Like those of the other great cyclical works mentioned above, the score of the Mass in B Minor can be seen almost as a “text book.” It was, in fact, never performed in its entirety in Bach’s lifetime. Bach’s score was inherited by his son Carl Philipp Emanuel, who performed the Symbolum Nicenum at a charity concert in Hamburg in 1786. Forkel and Haydn had copies, and Beethoven made two unsuccessful attempts to procure a score. The Berlin Singakademie apparently rehearsed the work in the second decade of the nineteenth century, but the first performance of the complete work, translated into German and “modernized,” took place in Leipzig in 1859, more than a century after it was written.
One of the most astonishing features of this work is that, despite its elaborate symmetry and complexity, it is largely a compilation of works written much earlier. The first section to be composed was the Sanctus, first performed in 1724 as part of the Lutheran Christmas service. Manuscript parts of the Kyrie and the Gloria accompanied Bach’s petition in 1733 for a court title to the new Elector of Saxony in Dresden. Two new sections, the Credo and the movements from the Osanna to the end, contain large-scale reworkings of earlier works, including movements from several of Bach’s German cantatas. Only a few choruses were newly composed. It does not seem, however, that early models were chosen in order to facilitate or hasten the compositional process, a practice that was common in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries as composers struggled to meet deadlines. Bach’s reworkings were extensive and detailed: even details of text accentuation and resulting changes in articulation have been fully considered. It seems rather that Bach’s use of early material was carefully planned, so that this “text book” score could preserve a vast range of styles and genres. It is a remarkable demonstration of Bach’s great skill at reworking and restructuring existing works. It was also a testament to the tradition of the parody mass: parody is the term used to describe the extensive reuse of existing material, and this technique was widely used in mass composition during the renaissance. Parody masses form a large proportion of the masses of such composers as Gombert, Victoria, Lassus, and Palestrina. Bach’s use of the renaissance stile antico in several movements of the mass is a further nod to the long tradition of mass composition, here ingeniously coupled with movements written in high baroque style, and others in a “modern,” galant musical language.
Bach’s manuscript score of the Credo, described by Nägeli as “truly the most amazing piece of music in existence […] the awakening of the powers of faith through the wondrous force of music.”
From this diverse material Bach created a coherent and balanced work, each of the four main parts presented in a symmetrical design complete unto itself, and yet all parts intricately interconnected. This complex work, which both challenges and satisfies on countless levels, is perhaps the ultimate expression of Bach’s belief that “the aim or final goal of all music shall be nothing but the honour of God and the recreation of the Soul.”
The autograph manuscript score of the Mass in B Minor is in the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz (Mus. Ms. Bach P180), and can be viewed on their website. After Bach’s death, the score was inherited by his son, Carl Philipp Emanuel, and then by CPE’s daughter, Anna Carolina. Hans Georg Nägeli, a composer and music publisher in Zurich, acquired the score from her estate in 1805, and in 1818 announced his plans to publish the score and sell it by subscription:
of the Greatest Work of Art of All Times and Nations
The incomparably great Johann Sebastian Bach has now, in our own time, been accorded a degree of recognition that makes it possible to proceed toward the publication of the work that, in content and length alone, but above all in grandeur, style, and wealth of invention, surpasses his works hitherto printed, to the same extent that these, without considering the vicissitudes of taste and the contingency of art forms, surpass those by all other composers. This is a Mass in five voices with full orchestra.
Directed by Ivars Taurins
April 5–8, 2018, Jeanne Lamon Hall, Trinity-St. Paul’s Centre
April 10, 2018, George Weston Recital Hall, Toronto Centre for the Arts
Mass in B Minor
Dorothee Mields soprano
Laura Pudwell mezzo-soprano
Charles Daniels tenor
Tyler Duncan baritone
Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra
There will be a 20-minute intermission between the Missa and the Symbolum Nicenum.
B-Minor Mass
Download the Program Notes and Program Listing PROGRAM NOTES By Alison Mackay
JS Bach
My Instrument: Christina Mahler and her Vuillaume cello
My Tafelmusik … with Rick Earls
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November 26, 2018 — British / Race Cars | 31 Comments
Disqualified Le Mans Winner: 1993 Jaguar XJ220C
This 1993 Jaguar XJ220C Lightweight (chassis #002) was built by Tom Walkinshaw Racing and is the last Jaguar to score a victory at Le Mans, where it secured the GT-class win at the hands of David Coulthard, David Brabham and John Nielsen. Retired following that race (and subsequently stripped of its title due to missing catalytic converters), the car has since resided in big collections. Looking as it did in-period, the car seems to be complete and as beautiful as ever. Power comes from a 3.5 liter quad-cam twin-turbo V6 derived from the naturally-aspirated, Cosworth DFV-based unit designed for MG’s 6R4 Group B car, and in keeping with period FIA regulations it should be putting out no more than the 542 hp produced by standard road-spec XJ220s. While the car isn’t road legal, it’s not hard to see how little had to be changed, at least visually, to prepare the once-controversial V6 supercar for racing. Following display at the 2011 Goodwood Festival of Speed, the car is now ready for new ownership, and we hope to have an opportunity to see (and hear) it in anger someday. Find it here at Bonhams in London, England where it is scheduled to be auctioned on 12/1/18 with pre-sale estimates ranging from $2.8m – $3.6m USD. Special thanks to BaT reader Kyle K. for this submission.
This is one of two XJ220Cs that competed at Le Mans in the summer of 1993. As the ad details, an early qualifying scrutineering challenge was made due to the car’s lack of catalytic converters, though it was ultimately allowed to proceed after the team protested. Unfortunately, after the race, the inspection challenge was restored, leading to this very car being stripped of its title. Nevertheless, it stands as a beautiful reminder of the last Jaguar victory at Le Mans.
The lack of a rear grille provides clearance for the exhausts as well as improved engine bay airflow, while a massive diffuser and rear wing combo work to keep the car on the ground. Taillights appear to be factory units, and while the rear fenders look slightly wider they’re not as flared as one might guess.
The fully removable nose (molded carbon composite rather than the standard aluminum bodywork) allows for a good look at the packaging and prep that went into this racing effort. It also gives a good look at how far back the passenger compartment sits.
The interior appears to be in as-raced condition with scuffs and scratches aplenty on the lightweight carbon composite tunnel, dash and central mononcoque structure’s door sills. That said, the seats look like factory units (although the ad notes they’re made from Kevlar), and the dash vents look factory too. While definitely sparse, the cabin doesn’t appear uncomfortable, and we like to imagine what it’d be like pulling two tons down the Mulsanne Straight from this perch.
Race car dashboards and instrument binnacles are almost always cool–here we spy a clocked Stack tach, switches that look they were sourced from a hardware store, Dymo labels, and a few warning lights–all you needed to go to Le Mans in 1993.
A serious player in numerous forms of auto racing, TWR always punched above its weight. The home-built look of this chassis plate is just too cool.
Under the fully removable rear clamshell (again carbon composite) is a 3.5 liter (~213ci) quad-cam twin-turbocharged V6 that’s very closely related to the road-going XJ220’s mill (as well as somewhat distantly to the Austin Rover V64V V6 in the Metro 6R4).
Producing 542 hp and 475 lb. ft., these engines channeled their output to the ground through a 5-speed gearbox. Needless to say, these race-spec XJ220’s used larger brakes and cooling systems to endure flat-out running for hours at a time, but per regulations power was restricted to near-production standard limits.
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Margaret Hamilton: 1 New Horizons: 0
A bit more on Pluto, from a compugeek perspective if not a full-on web perspective ...
The New Horizons flyby was not completely without incident. Shortly before the flyby itself, the craft went into "safe mode", contact was lost for a little over an hour and a small amount of scientific data was lost. The underlying problem was "a hard-to-detect timing flaw in the spacecraft command sequence". This quite likely means what's known in the biz as a "race condition", where two operations are going on at the same time, the software behaves incorrectly if the wrong one finishes first and the developers didn't realize it mattered.
Later investigation concluded that the problem happened when "The computer was tasked with receiving a large command load at the same time it was engaged in compressing previous science data." This means that the CPU would have been both heavily loaded and multitasking, making it more likely that various "multithreading issues" such as race conditions would be exposed.
Now, before I go on, let me emphasize that bugs like this are notoriously easy to introduce by accident and notoriously hard to find if they do creep in, even though there are a number of well-known tools and techniques for finding them and keeping them out in the first place.
The incident does not in any way indicate that the developers involved can't code. Far from it. New Horizons made it through a ten-year, five billion kilometer journey, arriving within 72 seconds of the expected time, and was able to beam back spectacularly detailed images. That speaks for itself. It's particularly significant that the onboard computers were able to recover from the error condition instead of presenting the ground crew with an interplanetary Blue Screen of Death. More on that in a bit.
Still ...
It's July 20, 1969. The Apollo 11 lunar lander is three minutes from landing on the Moon when several alarms go off. According to a later recounting by the leader of the team involved
Due to an error in the checklist manual, the rendezvous radar switch was placed in the wrong position. This caused it to send erroneous signals to the computer. The result was that the computer was being asked to perform all of its normal functions for landing while receiving an extra load of spurious data which used up 15% of its time.
This is a serious issue. If the computer can't function, the landing has to be aborted. However,
The computer (or rather the software in it) was smart enough to recognize that it was being asked to perform more tasks than it should be performing. It then sent out an alarm, which meant to the astronaut, I'm overloaded with more tasks than I should be doing at this time and I'm going to keep only the more important tasks; i.e., the ones needed for landing ... Actually, the computer was programmed to do more than recognize error conditions. A complete set of recovery programs was incorporated into the software. The software's action, in this case, was to eliminate lower priority tasks and re-establish the more important ones.
This is awesome. Since "awesome" is generally taken to mean "kinda cool" these days, I'll reiterate: The proper response to engineering on this level is awe. Let me try to explain why.
Depending on where you start counting, modern computing was a decade or two old at the time. The onboard computer had "approximately 64Kbyte of memory and operated at 0.043MHz". Today, you can buy a system literally a million times faster and with a million times more memory for a few hundred dollars.
While 64K is tiny by today's standards, it still leaves plenty of room for sophisticated code, which is exactly what was in there. It does, however, mean that every byte and every machine cycle counts, and for that reason among others the code itself was written in assembler (hand-translated from a language called MAC and put on punch cards for loading). Assembler is as low-level as it gets, short of putting in raw numbers, flipping switches or fiddling with the wiring by hand.
Here's a printout of that code if you're curious. The dark bands are from printing out the listing on green-and-white-striped fanfold paper with a line printer such as used to be common at computer centers around the world. The stripes were there to help the eye follow the 132-character lines. Good times. But I digress.
Just in case writing in assembler with an eye towards extremely tight code isn't enough, the software is asynchronous. What does that mean? There are two basic ways to structure a program such as this one that has to deal with input from a variety of sources simultaneously: the synchronous approach and the asynchronous approach.
Synchronous code essentially does one thing at a time. If it's reading temperature and acceleration (or whatever), it will first read one input, say temperature from the temperature sensor, then read acceleration from the accelerometer (or whatever). If it's asking some part of the engine to rotate 5 degrees, it sends the command to the engine part, then waits for confirmation that the part really did turn. For example, it might read the position sensor for that part over and over until it reads five degrees different, or raise an alarm if doesn't get the right reading after a certain number of tries.
Code like this is easy to reason about and easy to read. You can tell immediately that, say, it's an error if you try to move something and its position doesn't reach the desired value after a given number of tries. However, it's no way to run a spaceship. For example, suppose you need to be monitoring temperature continuously and raise a critical alarm if it gets outside its acceptable range. You can't do that if you're busy reading the position sensor.
This is why high-performance, robust systems tend to be asynchronous. In an asynchronous system, commands can be sent and data can arrive at any time. There will generally be a number of event handlers, each for a given type of event. The temperature event handler might record the temperature somewhere and then check to make sure it's in range.
If it's not, it will want to raise an alarm. Suppose the alarm is a beep every five seconds. In the asynchronous world, that means creating a timer to trigger events every five seconds, and creating an event handler that sends a beep command to the beeper when the timer fires (or, you can set a "one-shot" timer and have the handler create a new one-shot timer after it sends the beep command).
While all this is going on, other sensors will be triggering events. In between "the temperature sensor just reported X" and "the timer for your beeper just went off", the system might get events like "the accelerometer just reported Y" and "the position sensor for such-and-such-part just read Z".
To move an engine part in this setup, you need to send it a command to move, and also create a handler for the position sensor's event. That handler has to include a counter to remember how many position readings have come in since the command to move, along with the position the part is supposed to get to (or better, a time limit and the expected position).
A system like this is very flexible and doesn't spend time "blocked" waiting for things to happen, but it's also harder to read and reason about, since things can happen in any order and the logic is spread across a number of handlers, which can come and go depending on what the system is doing.
And then, on top of all this, the system has code to detect and recover from error conditions, not just in the ship it's controlling but in its own operation. Do-it-yourself brain surgery, in other words.
I report my occupation as "software engineer" for tax purposes and such, but that's on a good day. Most of us spend most of our time coding, that is, writing detailed instructions for machines to carry out. True software engineering means designing a robust and efficient system to solve a practical problem. The term was coined by Margaret Hamilton, the architect of the Apollo 11 control systems quoted above and a pioneer in the design of asynchronous systems. As the story of the lunar landing demonstrates, she and her team set a high bar for later work.
New Horizons ran into essentially the same sort of problem that Apollo 11 did, but handled it less robustly (going to "safe mode" and then recovering, as opposed to automatically re-prioritizing), all building on techniques that Hamilton and her team helped develop, and using vastly more powerful equipment and development tools based on decades of collective experience. So, with all due respect to the New Horizons team, I'd have to say Apollo 11 wins that one.
By David Hull at August 22, 2015 2 comments Links to this post
Labels: computing history, parallel computing, software engineering, space travel, women in technology
Latency, bandwidth and Pluto
As you may well know, the New Horizons spacecraft flew by Pluto last month, dramatically increasing our knowledge of Pluto and its moons (let's not even get into whether Pluto and Charon jointly constitute a "binary dwarf planet" or whatever). There are even a few pictures on the web.
But wait ... that's not very many pictures for a ten-year mission. Even worse, if you were watching at the time you'll know that New Horizons went completely dark for most of a day, right when it was flying by Pluto. Isn't this the modern web, where everything is available everywhere instantly? What gives, NASA?
Part of the problem is the way New Horizons is designed. It's expensive to accelerate mass to the speed New Horizons is going, and since you can't exactly send a repair crew out to Pluto, it's good to have as few moving parts as possible. As a result, the ship has a small battery and both the antenna and the cameras are mounted firmly in place. If you want to turn the antenna toward Earth, you have to move the whole ship, using some of the small store of remaining fuel dedicated to course corrections and attitude control. If you want to point the cameras toward Pluto, you have to turn the ship that way. You can't do both.
That explains why the ship went dark for the duration of the flyby, but actually it effectively went dark for considerably longer than that. It takes about 4.5 hours for a signal to travel the distance between Earth and Pluto. That means the sequence of events is, more or less
t + 0: Flight control sends commands to New Horizons to point the cameras at Pluto, take pictures, orient the antenna toward Earth, and report back.
t + 4.5 hours: New Horizons gets the command and starts re-orienting and taking pictures
t + 9 hours: Last time at which any signal from before the pointing operation will reach Earth
t + 25.5 hours (more or less): New horizons, now with the antenna pointed back toward earth, sends "Phone home" message reporting status.
t + 30 hours (more or less): "Phone home" message arrives
The important thing to note here is that, while the ship is actually out of contact for 21 hours, it's 25.5 hours from the time the command is sent to the time the ship is reachable again, and 30 hours before the ground crew knows it's reachable again. If the phone home signal hadn't arrived, it would be 9 more hours, at a minimum, before they knew if any corrective action they'd taken had worked. By internet standards this is ridiculously high latency, but anyone who's played a laggy video game or been on a conference call with people on the opposite side of the world has experienced the same problem on a smaller scale.
So part of the reason pictures have been slow in coming is latency. It's going to take a minimum of 4.5 hours to beam anything back, and longer if the ground crew has to send instructions.
The other problem is bandwidth. Pluto is about 5 billion kilometers (about 3 billion miles) away. Signal strength drops off as the square of the distance, so, for example, a signal from Pluto is about 160 times weaker than a signal from Mars and, since the power source has to be small (around 15 watts), the signal is not going to be extremely powerful to start with. Lower power means a lower signal to noise ratio and less bandwidth (or at least that's my dim software-engineer understanding of it -- in real life "bandwidth" doesn't exactly mean "how many bits you can transmit", and I'm sure there's lots more I'm glossing over).
Put all that together and on a good day we have about 2Kbps coming back from Pluto. That's about what you could get out of a modem in the mid 1980s. Internet technology has progressed just a bit since then, but internet technology doesn't have to cope with vast distances and stringent mass limitations. At 2Kbps, one raw image from LORRI (the hi-res black-and-white camera) takes close to two hours to transmit. This is why, if all goes well, we'll be getting Pluto pictures (and other data) well into 2016.
I'd still say that New Horizons is "on the web" in some meaningful sense, but the high latency and low bandwidth make it a great example of Deutsch's fallacies in action.
[Update: Not only is New Horizons sending back data slowly, it's not sending back particularly pretty data at the moment. From their main page:
Why hasn’t this website included any new images from New Horizons since July? As planned, New Horizons itself is on a bit of a post-flyby break, currently sending back lower data-rate information collected by the energetic particle, solar wind and space dust instruments. It will resume sending flyby images and other data in early September.
-- D.H. 24 Aug 2015]
Labels: bandwidth, latency, NASA, space travel
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Beyond Politics Exposes the Roots of Government Failure
Carl P. Close • Tuesday October 25, 2011 5:00 AM PDT •
Economic “stimulus” packages that don’t revive the economy and that increase federal deficits and undermine private investment and job growth? Check. Laws meant to protect endangered species but which incentivize landowners who have them on their property to “shoot, shovel, and shut-up”? Check. Anti-poverty programs that foster dependency and hinder participation in the job market? Check.
Social and economic problems are usually met with calls for the government to “do something,” especially when the trouble is allegedly caused by the failure of a free market. But good intentions don’t ensure good results. In his illuminating new book, Beyond Politics: The Roots of Government Failure, political scientist Randy T. Simmons (Senior Fellow, The Independent Institute) explains why government policies don’t work as promised.
To understand why government policies fail, Simmons argues, we must rethink common assumptions about politics and markets, and make sense of the institutions that shape the incentives and decisions of voters, politicians, bureaucrats, and interest groups. After presenting a thorough examination of those assumptions and institutions, Simmons exposes the roots of government failure in areas as varied as public education, environmental protection, social welfare, consumer protection, tax policy, producer-rigged markets, and macroeconomic policy. He concludes by offering guidelines that would foster a society consistent with the Founders’ vision of a republic that safeguards individual liberty.
Originally published in 1995 with co-author William C. Mitchell, Beyond Politics has been revised and updated to provide readers with insights about the financial crisis of 2008, America’s fiscal problems, and other realities of twenty-first century political economy. Readers versed in economics and political science will find the book a refreshing synthesis of public-choice theory, New Institutional Economics, and the market-process analysis of the Austrian school of economics. Practitioners of the dark arts of policymaking will find it a treasure trove of cautionary tales that illustrate the adage, “Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.” After reading Beyond Politics, no one will ever be surprised to see public-policy outcomes diverge, often tremendously, from political promises, and no reader will lack useful ideas to improve the public sphere.
Beyond Politics: The Roots of Government Failure, by Randy T. Simmons
Detailed book summary
[This post first appeared in the October 25, 2011, issue of The Lighthouse. To receive this weekly email newsletter of publication summaries and event announcements from the Independent Institute, enter your email address here.]
Carl P. Close is a Research Fellow at the Independent Institute, Assistant Editor of The Independent Review and editor of Independent’s weekly e-mail newsletter The Lighthouse.
Posts by Carl P. Close | Full Biography and Publications
Austrian School of Economics Bailouts Books Budget and Tax Policy Corruption Economics Education Elections Entrepreneurship Environment Federal Reserve Free Market Government subsidies Law Mercantilism Money and Banking Monopoly and Antitrust Regulation Taxation The State Trade Transparency Unemployment Urban Issues Welfare
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Insight News November 12, 2017 Business, U.S., Uncategorized
Radioactive waste continues to pour from Illinois nuclear power plants
Radioactive waste continues to pour from Exelon’s Illinois nuclear power plants more than a decade after the discovery of chronic leaks led to national outrage, a $1.2 million government settlement and a company vow to guard against future accidents, an investigation by a government watchdog group found.
Since 2007, there have been at least 35 reported leaks, spills or other accidental releases in Illinois of water contaminated with radioactive tritium, a byproduct of nuclear power production and a carcinogen at high levels, a Better Government Association review of federal and state records shows.
No fines were issued for the accidents, all of which were reported by the company.
The most recent leak of 35,000 gallons occurred over two weeks in May and June at Exelon’s Braidwood plant, southwest of Chicago. The same facility was the focus of a community panic in the mid-2000s after a series of accidents stirred debate over the safety of aging nuclear plants.
A 2014 incident at Exelon’s Dresden facility in Grundy County involved the release of about 500,000 gallons of highly radioactive water. Contamination was later found in the plant’s sewer lines and miles away in the Morris, Ill., sewage treatment plant.
Another leak was discovered in 2007 at the Quad Cities plant in Cordova, along the Mississippi River. It took eight months to plug and led to groundwater radiation readings up to 375 times of that allowed under federal safe drinking water standards.
Exelon had threatened to close the Quad Cities plant, but relented last year after Gov. Bruce Rauner signed bailout legislation authorizing big rate hikes.
Representatives of Exelon and its government overseers — the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Illinois Emergency Management Agency and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency — say the leaks posed no public danger and did not contaminate drinking water. Exelon said to prevent leaks it has spent $100 million over the last decade on upgrades at all of its U.S. plants.
Michael Pacilio, chief operating officer of the power generating arm of Exelon, said no one in or around the plants was harmed by radioactivity from the leaks, which he described as minor compared with everyday exposures.
“We live in a radioactive world,” Pacilio said.
Critics say that’s little cause for relief.
“Best that we can tell, that’s more luck than skill,” said David Lochbaum, an analyst with the nonprofit Union of Concerned Scientists. “Leaks aren’t supposed to happen. Workers and the public could be harmed. There is a hazard there.”
Among the 61 nuclear power plants operating in the U.S., more than half have reactors that are at or near the end of their originally expected lifespans — including the Dresden and Quad Cities plants.
Industry watchdogs and government whistleblowers contend oversight is compromised by a cozy relationship between companies and the NRC.
Government regulators concede they must balance the safety needs of aging plants, which require more maintenance, versus ordering cost-prohibitive upgrades at facilities that inherently are just a slip-up away from catastrophe.
No player in the nuclear industry is bigger than Exelon, the Chicago-based energy company that last year reported $31 billion in revenue and operates 14 nuclear plants in Illinois, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland.
Five of the six Illinois plants reported leaks over the last decade, records show. Clinton, in DeWitt County, had no leaks and Byron, in Ogle County, reported only one that contained low levels of radioactivity.
The accidents included in the BGA analysis are separate from government-approved releases into large bodies of water. The state allows Exelon to discharge controlled amounts of tritium into rivers and lakes, where radioactive material gets diluted.
Other releases of tritium, however, can be illegal and subject to fines and government lawsuits — though no accidents from the past decade resulted in either. Government officials say small amounts of tritium — a radioactive form of hydrogen and a potential marker for more dangerous nuclear contaminants — are not harmful to humans but exposure to higher levels may increase the risk of cancer.
At least seven of the 35 documented accidents since 2007 involved contamination of groundwater. Other contamination was found in sewers and other water systems where it isn’t supposed to be.
The recent leaks echo the controversy in 2006 when it was revealed that leaks at Braidwood over many years spilled 6 million gallons of radioactive water, some of which found its way onto private properties and at least one private drinking well.
At the time, Exelon and state regulators assured the public radioactivity levels in the private well were far below limits deemed a danger. Neighbors of the Braidwood plant were skeptical then and remain so.
“The NRC gets all its numbers from the nuclear plant. How can NRC trust the numbers?” asked Monica Mack, who lives in Braceville near the Braidwood plant.
The BGA investigation also found:
Of the 35 documented incidents, 27 occurred at Dresden. Following the big 2014 leak, which emanated from an aboveground storage tank, Exelon asked a state inspector whether the public would have access to the incident report under open records laws, a state report showed.
An NRC report on the 2007 Quad Cities leak noted radiation levels went “well beyond that seen anywhere else in the industry” and that plant staff estimated the leak had been active for years before it was discovered.
In 2010, Exelon’s Marseilles generating plant in LaSalle County reported a spill from a storage tank, initially estimated at more than 150 gallons but later classified as “unknown.” Groundwater tritium tests later showed levels 59 times the EPA’s drinking water limit. Exelon said no tritium left the plant’s boundaries, but records show plant workers continued to monitor a body of highly contaminated groundwater sitting on plant property at least five years after the accident.
In 2009, Dresden reported another hole in a storage tank led to a leak of as much as 272,000 gallons of radioactive water. Onsite groundwater testing showed levels of tritium 160 times higher than allowed under federal standards for drinking water.
Posted in Business, U.S., Uncategorized and tagged Exelon, nuclear power. Bookmark the permalink.
Stress can lead to risky decisions
Air Force Equips Jets with New Laser Weapons
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Canada's Morneau: Investors should be confident about Canada
Minister of Finance Bill Morneau, with Provincial Finance Ministers, takes part in a news conference in Ottawa December 21, 2015. REUTERS/Blair Gable
WINNIPEG (Reuters) - Canadian Finance Minister Bill Morneau said on Thursday that foreign investors should be confident about the country, noting that the government has room to invest to stimulate the economy.
“We believe that outside investors should be confident about Canada,” Morneau told reporters in response to a question about the Canadian dollar, which has hit a 12-year low.
“We have the room to make some significant investments to stimulate our economy and create a more productive Canada over the long term.”
The Liberals came to power last October after promising to run deficits of up to C$10 billion ($6.96 billion) a year to stimulate the economy through infrastructure spending. Sources familiar with the party’s plans told Reuters the government looked certain to break that threshold this year.
Morneau has been traveling across Canada this week for pre-budget consultations. His trip has coincided with a drop in oil prices that has hit the Canadian dollar and raised concerns about the prospects for the economy not long after it emerged from a mild recession.
Asked about the price of oil, Morneau reiterated that he was paying close attention to it, as well as to the Canadian dollar.
“In that context we know that it’s doubly important to think about how we can make investments that have a positive impact on the economy,” Morneau said.
Reporting by Rod Nickel; Writing by Leah Schnurr; Editing by Chris Reese and Sandra Maler
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Brendan Muldowney works with Little Tower at the Carriage House
The band formally known as Hoochie Coochie Men first picked up their instruments as a group between the Delaware and Lehigh Rivers at Lafayette College in 2012. Rebranded as Little Tower, the self-described folk-tinged, blues rock revival took a break from their most recent tour and headed into Carriage House Studios to record their very first full-length album with Grammy Award winning engineer Brendan Muldowney.
The concept behind the album was simple: take this modern day band and transport their recorded sound back to 1973.
Muldowney made the decision to treat the digital recording as if it were going to a 16-track tape using many of the same techniques that were around in the 70s. Drums were recorded using the technique developed by Rock and Roll Hall of Fame producer and sound engineer Glyn Johns, which involves putting a large diaphragm condenser mic over the top of the drums and one on the side near the floor tom. The mics, which are equidistant from the snare drum, are then panned left-right to give a great image of the drums. None of the other drums are close mic’d – only the bass and snare – and the result for Little Tower was a four track drum recording that added to their album’s authentic, vintage feel.
“Everything went through the 3M16 track tape machine,” said Muldowney, and then was captured by ProTools. “In situations where we had to use multiple mics on a single source, like on the guitar amp [where there were three microphones], those were all blended on the console and then sent out to the tape machine to one track.”
Muldowney and Little Tower also took some cues from Grammy Award winning recording engineer Al Schmitt by concentrating on picking the right microphones while recording, rather than relying on EQs afterwards. The idea is to pick the right mics and use only the faders when mixing. As a result, there isn’t a lot of EQ on the album; the sounds are the sounds.
“There’s some EQ to sit things a little bit better, but it wasn’t like I was really creating sounds in the mix with the equalizers”, explained Muldowney.
In addition to his engineering duties, Muldowney stepped in as producer and suggested a two song a day pace for recording. “It really felt like we were getting stuff done,” he said, and in a few days the band had nine complete songs ready to be mixed and mastered. Muldowney handled that too – a one stop shopping experience for all your recording needs.
Overall the sound was kept simple, with songs featuring The Carriage House’s Steinway piano, Hammond B3, drums, bass, guitar and acoustic guitar to capture the 70s vibe. The band tracked entirely live with the exception of the vocals, and Muldowney made sure that the effects used in the mix were old school.
“I plugged in the old AKG spring reverb… and I had the plate, and I had the Marshal tape delay, and that was kind of it. A lot of the drums didn’t even have reverb. It was pretty much just what was in the mics. I think I used H3000 a couple of times for some of the reverbs for the drums, and maybe a 480 here and there, but a lot of times it was just a plate and the spring. I really wanted to keep a vibe of 1973. I had that year in my mind the whole time.”
Little Tower loved the emphasis on the old school feel – the group is hugely influenced by bands like The Allman Brothers Band. That’s one of the reasons they decided to come to Carriage House Studios; Muldowney had previously worked with Warren Haynes and Gov’t Mule on their album Shout, and Little Tower was impressed by the sound he was able to capture. For nine days, the band set up shop with Muldowney in the studio, tracking their album by day and jamming at The Carriage House’s live-in apartment by night.
“[The Carriage House is] an amazing place for a band to come in and hang out and do that. You don’t get that anywhere” else, especially in nearby New York City, where studio schedules are strict, said Muldowney. “That’s what’s really awesome about this place.”
Posted on March 30, 2016 in news
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Does a Higher Sample Rate Audio Really Mean Better Quality?
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Capella de Nostra Senyora de La Mercè i Sant Pere Apóstol
Function: Private chapel; former convent-school chapel; former private family chapel
Address: Laforja 21
Those who are fans of the Traditional Latin mass oftentimes have a difficult task in trying to track down places in Barcelona where such masses are celebrated. The many churches, chapels, and monasteries throughout the city are often awe-inspiring because of their incredible age, beauty, or size, but in all of these places the celebration of the mass is almost always in Catalan, and sometimes in Castilian. Other than the occasional French, German, or Italian parish, both the Tridentine and Novus Ordo Latin mass are rather hard to find. All the more reason then, for pilgrims to Barcelona interested in this area to visit the beautiful little chapel featured in this post.
The little Baroque Chapel of Our Lady of Mercy and the Apostle St. Peter is a small but remarkable 18th century structure, tucked away in the Eixample district in mid-town Barcelona. It was originally a private chapel which stood within the estate of an important Barcelona family, in what was at that time a semi-rural area some miles outside of the old city walls. The construction of such chapels was not uncommon among the wealthier members of the Catalan bourgeoisie, and are still to be found in country houses throughout Catalonia. Nevertheless, this private structure is a remarkable architectural survival inside a bustling city.
With the expansion of the city northward outside of the old medieval walls in the mid-19th century, the building and the land on which it sits were sold to a religious order. The German nuns who occupied the site built a Catholic girls’ school, and used the chapel for their conventual and school needs. By the early 1960’s the school had run out of room and needed to move into larger quarters, and so the chapel was once again put up for sale.
This time the structure was purchased by the Federatio Internationalis Una Voce, or “Una Voce” Foundation, the Spanish arm of which was founded in Barcelona in 1964 to preserve the celebration of the Traditional Latin mass, as well as to encourage the singing of Gregorian Chant. In point of fact, the chapel can hold the claim to fame of never having celebrated any other form of the mass other than the Tridentine: the nuns had left while the Second Vatican Council was underway, and the chapel was mothballed until the Federation moved in. Subsequently the related Roma Aeterna Association was also founded in Barcelona, and chapters of Una Voce were established in other cities in Spain and Portugal. However this chapel remained the touchstone for this movement, which continues to grow in the Iberian Peninsula.
Both the low and high Tridentine mass continue to be celebrated here every Sunday, although the chapel is no longer associated with the Una Voce or Roma Aeterna organization. I have recently been informed by a member of Una Voce that the coverage is spotty, and the chapel may be on the market again, so those wanting to attend mass here will have to double-check with parish of St. Therese of the Little Flower nearby, which administers the building. Hopefully the building will not be sold to a secular buyer and then be deconsecrated. In the meantime, the priests of the FSSP have recently begun holding masses at the parish of Maria Reina in Pedralbes, which I have written about previously, which is a much larger venue.
View of the nave and high altar
6 thoughts on “Capella de La Mercè i Sant Pere”
hotel de charme uzes says:
Extraordinarily well written piece
Evelyn Avendañ says:
Good afternoon, I’m very intrigued to attend a Latin Mass in Barcelona. Might you know if this Chapel still stands in Barcelona? If not,, what other locations to you recommend for an early Latin Mass? I now you last updated this in 2014 but I would love to get more information. Thank you!
Unfortunately I do not know if there is still a functioning Latin Mass society or parish in Barcelona, but you may want to check with the website of the Archdiocese, or possibly with the English language community at Santa Maria Reina in Pedralbes. Good luck!
It is now Feb 11, 2018 – just attended Mass at 10.30 this morning. They also have facebook now https://es-es.facebook.com/capillalaforja/ – Mr Google will help you with translation 🙂
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REVIEW: MEN IN BLACK: THE SERIES (GAME BOY ADVANCE)
Blair Farrell / 06/30/2017
Now defunct publisher Crave was the first company to release a Men in Black game based on the animated series, doing so on Nintendo’s Game Boy Color. Although there were two other games based on the Men in Black animated series for the Game Boy Color, the third and final game released by Crave before they lost the license to Infogrames loses the numeral three and goes back to basics with the similarly titled to their first Game Boy Color game, Men in Black: The Series, on Game Boy Advance. Basic is a good word to describe Men in Black: The Series as it’s a game that’s as simple as it comes, and that’s not to be taken as a compliment as in “it takes the series back to basics” or “it’s a throwback to a simpler type of game”. Men in Black: The Series is one of the most forgettable licensed games out there that gets just about everything wrong.
Men in Black: The Series is composed of six stages, neither of which are linked by any type of narrative, so in that respect, it emulates the episodic nature of the source material. Every mission starts out with Zed instructing you that aliens are up to something and it’s up to you as either Agent J or K to put a stop to it. There’s no deep story, no boss characters, villains from the series or some grand plot to foil, just one mission after another until the game is over which doesn’t take very long.
This game is a very difficult thing to say anything nice about as there’s really not much it does right and it’s even hard to find out where to start. The controls are probably a good place as they’re needlessly complicated given that this is a pretty simplistic 2-D side-scroller. I picked up this game as a loose cart with no manual, and within the first part of the opening stage, I got stuck. I fell down a platform and couldn’t proceed left, nor right and I couldn’t jump either. That’s right, this is a 2-D side-scroller where you can’t jump. Instead you have to figure out there’s certain ledges that you can grab on to ascend upwards and it’s difficult to figure out in the stage construction just what can and cannot be used for this purpose. The “A” button, that which is normally reserved for jumping in these type of games, only puts your character into a hilarious sprint that has some of the worst running animations ever. Whether you’re using either Agent J or K, neither of which you can choose to be, you simply start as one and then switch to the other when you die, both look like they’re doing curls with baby weights whilst flailing their legs.
The awkwardness just doesn’t come down to movement, but combat as well. Normally in an action game you would just hit a button to shoot, but first you have to hold the “R” trigger like it’s Resident Evil and there’s no real reason why this is in the game when just hitting a shoot button would’ve sufficed. Fighting enemies is also a chore as they always seem to exist just off-screen where they can hit you but you can’t see them and they take a lot of shots to kill. You can pick up new weapons within levels, like the noisy cricket, complete with recoil and rapid fire guns, but they exhaust their ammunition pretty quickly. About the only useful weapon is an unlimited ammo freeze gun, and that’s only because you need it to freeze certain enemies to complete an objective in the first stage.
Now that I’ve addressed the awful animation, controls and combat, it’s time to address the biggest problem with Men in Black: The Series: The games levels and how you get around them. MIB isn’t a straight point A-to-point B side-scroller, but rather you’re thrown into maze-like environments where in order to progress you have to complete simple objectives like killing all enemies, diffusing bombs (done by walking into them) or like mentioned above, freezing a certain enemy and then collecting them. These mundane tasks are made so frustrating by the way the levels and the rules of the game that are always stacked against you. As if it wasn’t a challenge not being able to jump nor being able to pick out necessary hand holds to go up, you suffer fall damage which wouldn’t be so bad except there’s no quick descend option so you might just simple want to go down one level, only to fall and lose a large portion of your health or die. Death sends you all the way back to the start of a level, and with no map or indication where you need to go, it isn’t very easy to get very close to finishing a stage only to get turned around and not know where the last part of your objective is.
Almost above all else is that Men in Black: The Series on the Game Boy Advance doesn’t really do anything interesting with the license. What few movies there’s been, not discounting the comic book source material, have had interesting aliens just as background fodder, and in this game you fight the same few bad guys over and over again with no boss encounters to speak of. About as interesting as things get enemy wise is a level where aliens are hiding as ordinary objects so you’ll walk by a couch or a coat rack and then have them come to life and attack you which is kinda cool, but this is only one level. One stage has an interesting twist where you have to use your neuralizer to erase the memories of pedestrians, but this is made a chore by the fact that without sunglasses, which your character seems to be wearing, you lose a life. Before you can start neuralizing enemies, you have to first find sunglasses which you lose I should mention if you get hit at all, though they can be picked up.
If Agent K looks confused here, it’s probably because he doesn’t know where to go.
I don’t like to be a critic who is mean and in all the games I look at, I always try to find at least something positive to say but in the case of Men in Black: The Series on Game Boy Advance, there really isn’t. The game is incredibly short, the controls are bad, the levels are confusing to navigate and this really could have been anything other than an MIB game and it would make no difference. Games like these are the reason that licensed games like this don’t exist anymore and create the stigma that all titles of this ilk are bad when at times that isn’t the case. If you see the black suits comin’ and putting their shades on, asked for them to wipe your memory of this game.
06/30/2017 in Review. Tags: comic books, comics, Game Boy, Game Boy Advance, Men in Black, Men in Black: The Series, MIB, Nintendo, review, video games
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Less Than Jake Tour Dates & Concert Tickets
Less Than Jake Tour Dates and Concert Tickets
Pop / Punk / Metal
Less than Jake brought the Ska movement to the forefront of the Southern California music scene alongside No Doubt and Reel Big Fish during the mid-90s. Their racing guitar riffs and infectious melodies captivated audiences around the nation and they scored several hits over the course of the pa... read more
Less Than Jake Tickets
Aug 4 LESS THAN JAKE (USA) Molotow Hamburg, DEU
Aug 5 Less Than Jake SO 36 Berlin, DEU
Aug 6 Less than Jake & Buster Shuffle - Summer-Rockspecial Alte Brauerei Annaberg-Buchholz, DEU
Aug 25 Less Than Jake Captain Hiram's Sebastian, Florida
Oct 1 Less Than Jake and Bowling For Soup Tower Theatre Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Oct 2 Bowling For Soup & Less Than Jake with Authority Zero Knuckleheads Saloon Kansas City, Missouri
Oct 3 Less Than Jake & Bowling For Soup The Ready Room Saint Louis, Missouri
Oct 4 Bowling For Soup The Slowdown Omaha, Nebraska
Oct 6 Less Than Jake and Bowling For Soup Majestic Theater Madison, Wisconsin
Oct 8 Less Than Jake and Bowling for Soup The Crofoot Pontiac, Michigan
Oct 9 Bowling For Soup The Columbus Athenaeum Columbus, Ohio
Oct 10 Less Than Jake Mr. Small's Funhouse & Theatre Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Oct 11 Less Than Jake House of Blues - Cleveland Cleveland, Ohio
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MORE INFO ABOUT Less Than Jake
Less than Jake brought the Ska movement to the forefront of the Southern California music scene alongside No Doubt and Reel Big Fish during the mid-90s. Their racing guitar riffs and infectious melodies captivated audiences around the nation and they scored several hits over the course of the past two decades. They released their most recent album, GNV FLA, an homage to their native Gainesville, Florida in 2008 and have been on tour ever since to promote their latest effort. Don't miss a tour date on the Less Than Jake concert schedule; Use Eventful as your source for Less Than Jake tour dates and concert schedule information.
Fronted by Chris Demakes, the group formed during high school in 1992 and released their demo Pezcore which garnered them attention from Capitol Records who signed them in 1996. Their major label debut, Losing Streak was released in 1996 and Less Than Jake hit the road booking tour dates on the 1997 Warped Tour. Their riotous live shows garnered them national attention and Less Than Jake booked tour dates on the Caffeine Nation Tour and the Race Around Uranus Tour with Blink 182. They released their breakthrough album, Hello Rockview in 1998 and scored a hit with "History of a Boring Town". In 2000, Less Than Jake tour dates were booked on Bon Jovi's North American tour and they gained exposure to a mainstream audience.
For the rest of the decade, Less Than Jake maintained a hectic touring schedule appearing at the 2001 Warped Tour and touring with Bad Religion in 2002. They released their biggest commercial release to-date in 2003, Anthem, which featured the hit "The Science of Selling Yourself Short". Less than Jake tour dates were booked on the 2004 Projekt Revolution Tour alongside Linkin Park and Korn. Less Than Jake continues to record and tour and released the EP TV/EP in 2011. In addition to recording their next LP, Less Thank Jake tour dates have been booked on the 2011 Warped Tour and they have individual headlining concerts scheduled periodically throughout the year. Don't miss a date on the Less Than Jake concert calendar; Stay up-to-date with Less Than Jake tour dates using Eventful.
http://myspace.com/theskamericans | Less Than Jake on Myspace | Less Than Jake MP3's on purevolume | Less Than Jake Official Site
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Whole Foods Market to open in Westminster Bradburn neighborhood
The Denver Post – By Megan Mitchell
The compact Bradburn community in north Westminster will nearly be at its complete buildout after a Whole Foods Market opens on the southeast corner of Vrain Street and West 120th Avenue in December.
“We’re down to our last 8 acres,” said Roger Pecsok, development director of Continuum Partners. Continuum is the company responsible for construction of Bradburn, a 125-acre, mixed-use village on 120th Avenue, between Federal and Sheridan boulevards.
Pecsok said the new, 35,000-square-foot Whole Foods won’t take up all of the last eight acres, which are being reserved in part for townhomes, but it will bring Continuum that much closer to finishing mixed-use development that began in the area in 2000.
“We’ve been speaking with Whole Foods for many years about Bradburn, knowing that the store would fit the business model and be perfect for the neighborhood,” Pecsok said. “The timing has finally matched up, and a lot of people are excited for this.”
The new building is under construction. Whole Foods plans to close its store at 9229 Sheridan Blvd. and migrate everything to the new location,which is about 3 miles north of that store.
The Sheridan Boulevard location is smaller than the new store will be, offering a smaller selection of marketplace amenities than most Whole Foods superstores in the metro area. The space was used as a Wild Oats Market prior to Whole Foods’ acquisition of Wild Oats Markets Inc. in 2007.
“They had to work with the space they were given,” Pecsok said. “This new building gives them an opportunity to expand their presence and tailor it for the Bradburn community.”
The city of Westminster helped the relocation with an $800,000 infrastructure stipend. Officials in the city’s planning department say they are glad that Whole Foods is not leaving the city.
“We are very pleased Whole Foods Market has opted to bring the city of Westminster an expanded and modernized offering,” Brent McFall, city manager of Westminster, said in a statement. “We worked closely with Continuum to insure Whole Foods Market will be able to continue to serve the citizens of Westminster for another 20 years.”
The construction project surrounding the store will also include the continuation of Main Street between Tennyson and Vrain Street, according to city planners.
Once complete, the neighborhoods at Bradburn will include more than 700 custom homes, single-family homes, town homes and apartments. There will be more than 300,000 square feet of restaurants, shops and offices at full buildout, according to Continuum.
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HomePosts tagged 'Bryan Cranston'
Quick Audiobook Reviews: Bryan Cranston, John le Carré, Mitchell & Webb and Tony Robinson
November 24, 2016 November 24, 2016 Civilian Reader Review Audible, Autobiography, BBC, Bryan Cranston, David Mitchell, John le Carre, Memoir, Mitchell & Webb Sound, Non-Fiction, Robert Webb, Simon & Schuster, Tony Robinson
Bryan Cranston, A LIFE IN PARTS (Simon & Schuster)
Bryan Cranston landed his first role at seven, when his father, a struggling actor and director, cast him in a commercial. Soon Bryan was haunting the local movie theater, reenacting scenes with his older brother. Acting was clearly his destiny – until one day his father disappeared.
As a young man on a classic cross-country motorcycle trip, he found himself stranded at a rest area in the Blue Ridge Mountains. To pass the time, he read a tattered copy of Hedda Gabler, and in a flash he found himself face-to-face with his original calling. Suddenly he thought this was what he would do with the rest of his life. Act.
In his riveting memoir, A Life in Parts, Cranston traces his journey from chaotic childhood to his dramatic epiphany to megastardom and a cultlike following by revisiting the many parts he’s played on camera (astronaut, dentist, candy bar spokesperson, president of the United States, etc.) and off (paperboy, farmhand, dating consultant, murder suspect, son, brother, lover, husband, father).
With great humour and humility, Cranston chronicles his unlikely rise from a soap opera regular to a recurring spot on Seinfeld. He recalls his run as the well-meaning goofball, Hal, on Malcolm in the Middle, and he gives a bracing account of his challenging run on Broadway as President Lyndon Johnson, pushing himself to the limit as he prepared for a tour de force that would win him a Tony to accompany his four Emmys. And, of course, Cranston dives deep into the grittiest, most fascinating details of his greatest role, explaining how he searched inward for the personal darkness that would help him create one of the most riveting performances ever captured on screen: Walter White, chemistry teacher turned drug kingpin in Breaking Bad.
Discussing his failures as few men do, describing his work as few actors can, Cranston has much to say about innate talent and its benefits, challenges and proper maintenance, but ultimately A Life in Parts is about the necessity and transformative power of hard work.
This was a fantastic memoir. Brilliantly narrated by the author, of course. He’s had a pretty interesting life, coming to acting relatively late, and working his way up from small parts, to recurring parts, to the epic smash that was Breaking Bad. Not as much of the book was dedicated to the latter show, and was better for it — Cranston is a great storyteller, and his life has been pretty interesting. Readers will learn of his process, his dedication to his work (though also lack of pretension), his confidence in his colleagues, and also plenty of the vagaries of the entertainment industry. A Life in Parts is a really good, engaging biography. Highly recommended (even if you’re not that familiar with his work).
Published in print by Scribner (US)/Orion (UK)
On Audible
John le Carré, THE PIGEON TUNNEL (Penguin)
‘Out of the secret world I once knew, I have tried to make a theatre for the larger worlds we inhabit. First comes the imagining, then the search for reality. Then back to the imagining, and to the desk where I’m sitting now.’
The Pigeon Tunnel, John le Carré’s memoir and his first work of nonfiction, is a thrilling journey into the worlds of his ‘secret sharers’ — the men and women who inspired some of his most enthralling novels — and a testament to the author’s extraordinary engagement with the last half century. The listener is swept along not just by the chilling winds of the Cold War or by the author’s frightening journeys into places of terrible violence but, most importantly, by the author’s inimitable voice.
In this astonishing work, we see our world, both public and private, through the eyes of one of this country’s greatest writers.
This was (perhaps predictably) really interesting. It took me a little while to get into the book, though: to get used to his accent, which is a rather interesting mixture of RP and peculiar versions of words, and also because he didn’t seem to keen on the exercise of narrating in the introduction. However, as he warmed to the task, The Pigeon Tunnel fast became a very engaging, entertaining memoir. The book is filled with interesting insights into the times that inspired his novels, and also his experiences that resulted from his success — not least the strained relationship he ended up having with the secret services (who he never claimed to speak for). He writes/speaks of his abiding love for writing and travel. It is a welcoming audiobook, and feels like you’re having a chat with the great author, perhaps sat in a living room, in front of a fire and drinking brandy or red wine. Definitely recommended for all fans of le Carré’s work.
Published in print by Penguin (UK)/Viking (US)
That Mitchell & Webb Sounds, Series 5 (BBC)
Comedy from the lopsided world of David Mitchell and Robert Webb, with Olivia Colman and James Bachman.
The radio sketch series which spawned BBC TV’s That Mitchell and Webb Look returns with five brand-new episodes. Among the topics given the unique Mitchell and Webb treatment are the future of farming (battery penguins); Thomas Hardy’s exciting idea to make his books even sadder; the very confusing goings on in a cash-register shop; a horror story for slugs; the Escalator brothers inventing the world’s first horseless staircase; and the very last programme the BBC ever does….
I’m a big fan of That Mitchell & Webb Sound, and before I listened to this, I binge-listened to the first four series again. While Series 5 did make me laugh and chuckle on occasion, I’m afraid it wasn’t as good as the first four. It’s perhaps unfair to compare it to their classic sketches (“Are we the baddies?”, the original recording of Tennyson, etc.), but some of Series 5 dragged. I couldn’t help but think that maybe the writing was a little rushed, or unenthusiastic. I did enjoy the Old Lady Interview with Mitchell & Webb, and there were a few other chuckles, but previous series have had me in stitches. If you’re a fan of the series, I would still certainly recommend it, but newcomers should start at the beginning for bigger and more laughs.
Tony Robinson, NO CUNNING PLAN (Macmillan)
Sir Tony Robinson is a much-loved actor, presenter and author with a stellar career lasting over 50 years. Now, in his long-awaited autobiography, he reveals how the boy from South Woodford went from child stardom in the first stage production of Oliver!, a pint-size pickpocket desperately bleaching his incipient moustache, to comedy icon Baldrick, the loyal servant and turnip aficionado in Blackadder.
It wasn’t all plain sailing, though. Along the way he was bullied by Steve Marriott, failed to impress Liza Minnelli and was pushed into a stinking London dock by John Wayne. He also entertained us with Maid Marion and Her Merry Men (which he wrote and starred in) and coped manfully when locked naked outside a theatre in Lincoln during the live tour of comedy series Who Dares Wins. He presented Time Team for 20 years, watching countless gardens ruthlessly dug up in the name of archaeology, and risked life and limb filming The Worst Jobs in History.
Packed full of incident and insight, No Cunning Plan is a funny, self-deprecating and always entertaining listen.
I’d had high hopes for this memoir, but it sadly didn’t quite live up to my expectations. Naturally, I was very interested in hearing about the Blackadder years, but they made up a surprisingly small portion of the book. It felt, at times, like Robinson was trying very hard to not write about the Blackadder years. True, that is far from the only thing he has done — and we hear/read about pretty much everything — but it nevertheless felt like it got short shrift. He’s an interesting man, who has done some interesting and often entertaining work. He writes about his upbringing, his early career in entertainment, the struggles in his personal life, and his progressive politics. He is perhaps most enthusiastic about his Time Team work, and his passion for archaeology comes through very clearly. But, ultimately, I was left with a feeling that I still didn’t really know much about Robinson. It was a little strange, perhaps distantly told. Sure, his narration was excellent (he has also done the audiobooks for Terry Pratchett’s series). I can’t quite put my finger on it. I’d thought I would have liked this more.
Published in print by Macmillan
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2019 Hotelier of the Year Award Nomination Form
Nominations for our 2019 awards are now open.
Deadline to submit nominations is 8/22/2019.
Please join us on September 29th at the Broadmoor for the Stars of the Industry Luncheon and the Hotelier of the Year Dinner to celebrate this year’s nominees and winners.
This award honors the General Manager who has demonstrated outstanding contributions to leadership, service, and community and/or civic affairs. The nominees are judged on performance that goes above and beyond normal job responsibilities and outstanding and unusual service to the property, guests and the community.
To qualify for a Hotelier of the Year or the Innovation Award, the candidate:
Must exhibit service above and beyond their normal job responsibilities through outstanding leadership qualities, performing heroic deeds, &/or consistently adding to the general well-being of the guests.
Must be employed by an active CHLA member.
Must be a current General Manager for a minimum of two years, or a former General Manager for at least three years and still active in the industry in a different capacity.
Optional Documentation:
Additional materials may be submitted for the judges’ consideration, but are not required. These may include photos, letters of commendation, guest comment cards or news clippings. All submitted material becomes the property of ILA and will not be returned unless a special request is made.
Awards Presentation:
The Hotelier of the Year and Innovation Awards will be presented during the Hotelier of the Year Dinner on Sunday, September 29th at the Broadmoor in Colorado Springs.
Step 1. Nominee Information
Length of time at property
Step 2. Your Information
Step 3. Description of Qualification
Description of Qualification
Please describe why you think this Nominee is deserving of this award, please use examples of significant innovations/accomplishments and as much specific information as possible. Supporting materials that can help the judging panel to understand why this candidate should win this award should be included.
Vision & Leadership
Please tell us how this individual has demonstrated strong leadership at his/her property and moved the industry forward in significant ways? Please specify and provide examples.
In the hospitality industry, working with charitable organizations and community groups is paramount to success. Please tell us how the individual has contributed to the community at large, including participation in civic, community, educational and other organizations.
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Brie Larson Describes Her Version Of Captain Marvel
April 8, 2017 Cinema Shed Movie News 1
As Phase Three of the Marvel Cinematic Universe continues on, classic characters like Captain America and Iron Man may have to move aside to welcome badass newcomers to the fray. One of the most anticipated new characters is Brie Larson’s Captain Marvel, which will make her debut in Avengers: Infinity War, before getting her own solo movie. A superhero of epic proportions, Captain Marvel has a ton of superpowers that make her a compelling character, but how about her personality?
Brie Larson recently appeared on Sci Fi Now Magazine (via reddit), where she revealed more about her iteration of Carol Danvers. She said,
To be fair, there are a lot of iterations of her, so there’s going to be some people there who think this isn’t right. She’s a believer in truth and justice and she is a bridge between Earth and space. She’s fighting between the flaws that are within her and all this good that she wants to try and spread and make the world a better place. She can also fly and shoot things out of her hands. And she’s really funny!
Well this certainly seems like an exciting addition to the MCU. Captain Marvel has a lot to bring to the table, and Brie Larson is a capable actress who will surely breath new light into the universe.
Avengers: Infinity War is actually the perfect time for Captain Marvel to finally show up on the scene. The decorated air force member obtains her superpowers from the cosmos, making her automatically very connected to the workings of the MCU’s galactic adventures. With the Guardians of the Galaxy showing up to help with the battle against Thanos, they’re going to need every hero they can get ahold of. So Captain Marvel is a major get for the good guys.
Because in addition to being funny and flawed, Captain Marvel is a total badass. The hero has superpowers up the wazoo, and Kevin Feige has stated that she may be the most powerful character in all of the MCU. And considering how much we’ve seen from behemoths Hulk and Thor, this saying a lot. Traditionally, Captain Marvel’s myriad powers include super strength, speed, stamina, flight, near invulnerability, and energy projection and absorption. Homegirl has skills, and I have a feeling that she’s going to be saving an Avenger or two when she shows up in the MCU.
Captain Marvel’s introduction is also exciting because she’ll be one of the first female superheroes to lead her own movie. Captain Marvel will follow Ant-Man and the Wasp, which is technically the first MCU installment to star a female character. So its an exciting time of diversity in the MCU, and now all we need a damn Black Widow movie.
Avengers: Infinity War will fly into theaters on May 4, 2018.
Culle from Cinemablend
Marvel’s Luke Cage Has Been Nominated For A Peabody Award
Thor: Ragnarok #1 Trailer Released…. Watch It Now
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Green Zone movie review
In an effort to give you a quick, clear view of Green Zone before I go too deep and bring out the spoilers, here are the tools you need to decide if you want to watch this movie: it’s a fast paced action movie based on reality, but its not a documentary; they weren’t trying to win any awards when they made this movie. But the point i valid, never the less. The editing is flawless, the action is well done and frequent, and the cast does a great job.
Entering the spoiler zone…
Matt Damon portrays Chief Warrant Officer Roy Miller, who commands a squad of a dozen or so guys who are assigned to secure weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, circa 2003 after the fall of Saddam Hussein’s government. As we recall, they find nothing, which leads Damon’s character to question the intelligence he’s receiving as he combines hostile environments while risking the lives of his men. When the officers higher up the chain don’t want to hear what Miller has to say, he finds himself stuck between Poundstone, a non military government official and the official prick of the movie (play by Greg Kinnear) and Martin Brown (Brendan Gleeson), a CIA agent who knows the truth: the intelligence is garbage and Poundstone knows it. Miller and Brown forge an alliance, but when Poundstone finds out, he has Miller reassigned. Miller also meets Lawrie Dayne (Amy Ryan), a journalist who published an article based off information from a source known as Magellan she received from Poundstone, which we ultimately learn was modified by Poundstone or whoever he answers to. There’s also this Baathist general named Al Rawi (Igal Naor – his character is on those famous playing cards our armed forces were issued to help them learn who their targets were) who Poundstone wants to eliminate and Brown wants to enlist. In the middle of all this is Freddy (Khalid Abdalla), an Iraqi who serves Miller as both an informant (he approaches them on the street while they’re digging for WMDs) and a translator. Freddy just wants his country back (or to haunt your childrens’ dreams, where you can’t protect them! Wait, sorry, wrong Freddy), and as a veteran himself, wants to see an end to the violence, although his allegiance lies neither to Rawi, Brown or Poundstone, never mind Miller.
I know the plot seems complicated, but its not. The movie’s pace and editing are awesome, especially the hard cutting action sequences. Like “The Bourne Supremacy” and “The Bourne Ultimatum”, director Paul Greengrass doesn’t skimp on the coverage, editing or action. Again, can’t say enough about the editing. One of the things I had a hard time getting a handle on was Miller’s ability to execute his orders and modify his missions as he saw fit; Miller is a Chief; my understanding is that is a non-commissioned officer’s rank, so I would think it’s unusual for him to, without contacting any higher ranking office, take a tip from a guy he met on the street and load up his boys into a civilian’s car along with their vehicles and raid a private home. But then, that’s how Miller’s character operates throughout the entire movie – I assume that were the story to continue, he’d get Court Marshalled at some point. Anyway, he refers to himself as a chief warrant office; maybe this is a job, not a rank. Too lazy to look it up.
Why is the movie called “Green Zone”? Uhm, a substantial portion of the movie takes place in this area of Iraq… people making big decisions were in this area, too… Eh. I’m not sure. Maybe other folks weren’t to sure, either; Green Zone made $35 million in the US and another $59 million on the international market, for a total of $94 million on a $100 million dollar budget, making the movie a bit of a box office bust for Damon. I’ve said it before and I’ll say it again: Americans will go to the movies for a history lesson, but not for the news; I think audiences felt that movies like Green Zone, World Trade Center and United 93 were dramatized too soon. As for me, the movie’s message is that we always need to question why we’re going to war, and you can’t say that often enough or loud enough.
If you’re in the mood for an action movie with a current events twist and the power of Matt Damon, give Green Zone a look. We rented the Blu Ray version from Blockbuster, and it looked pretty nice. The filmed at night (a lot) and the digital transfer is pretty good, but not perfect.
Posted on September 15, 2010, in movie review and tagged amy ryan, baathist, bourne supremacy, bourne ultimatum, brendan gleason, Green Zone, green zone movie, greg kinnear, igal naor, khalid abdalla, Magellan, matt damon, paul greengrass, saddam hussein. Bookmark the permalink. 2 Comments.
CMrok93 | March 12, 2011 at 2:27 PM
Green Zone begins with Shock and Awe, and Paul Greengrass tries to maintain that tone for the rest of the movie. But the problem is just that this film can’t keep up its pace the whole time. Good review, check out mine when you can!
Jamie Insalaco | March 12, 2011 at 3:10 PM
I agree, the movie starts to drag, and by the third act, I was literally falling asleep – despite the explosions! And why did they have to film the entire movie with hand held cameras? Somebody get Greengrass a steady cam!
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Gortyn
An elaborate network of underground tunnels topped by a stone quarry on the Greek island of Crete may be the original site of the ancient Labyrinth – the mythical maze where the half-bull, half-man Minotaur lived. The site, located near the town of Gortyn in the south of the island, is believed to have as much claim to be the Labyrinth as the Minoan palace at Knossos, 20 miles away.
Knossos, which was excavated a century ago had largely been heralded as the home of the legendary King Minos, who commissioned the Labyrinth to contain the Minotaur, a terrifying hybrid born of a union between his wife and a bull. Wealthy English archaeologist Arthur Evans, who excavated the site between 1900 and 1935 had keenly encouraged this belief. But scholars say that this site is an equally plausible setting for the legend.
An 1821 plan of the Labyrinth at Gortyn
The Gortyn site, known locally as Labyrinthos Caves, is made up of nearly three miles of interlocking tunnels with widened areas and dead end rooms. They have been visited since medieval times by travellers looking for the Labyrinth, but since the rediscovery of Knossos at the end of the 19th century, the site has been neglected by travelers searching for the Labyrinth, and was even used as a Nazi ammunition dump during World War II.
The cave complex at Gortyn had been visited recently by archaeological thieves who were preparing to dynamite one of the inner chambers in the hope of discovering a hidden treasure room.
Nicolas Howarth, an Oxford University geographer, said: ‘Going into the Labyrinthos Caves at Gortyn it’s easy to feel this is a dark and dangerous place where it is easy to get lost.
‘Evans’s hypothesis that the palace of Knossos is also the Labyrinth must be treated skeptically. The fact that this idea prevails so strongly in the popular imagination seems more to do with our romantic yearning to believe in the stories of the past, coupled with the power of Evans’s personality and privileged position.’
A third contender for the site of the Labyrinth exists at Skotino on the Greek mainland.
Mr Howarth added: ‘If we look at the archaeological facts, it is extremely difficult to say that a Labyrinth ever existed … I think that each site has its claim to the mystery of the Labyrinth, but in the end there are questions that neither archaeology nor mythology can ever completely hope to answer.’
Posted in History, Places | Tagged Crete, Gortyn, Knossos, labyrinth | Leave a comment
The Magical Mesara Plain.
In the whole of the island of Crete, one area that is still magical today as well as being vitally important to the history of Crete, is the Mesara Plain. The Mesara is in southern central Crete in the south of the Nomos of Iraklion. It is the biggest plain in Crete and very important for the extensive agriculture that is produced there both now and around five thousand years ago.
The name ‘Mesara’ comes from the Greek for ‘between mountains.’ Mesos – between, oros – mountains, which becomes Mesaoria or the modern word, Mesara. In the north are the southern foothills of the Psiloritis or Ida mountain range and in the south are the Asterousian mountains between the Mesara and the Libyan Sea. The coastline of the Mesara faces west almost from Agia Galini in the north to Matala in the south. Between the two is one of the most perfect and extensive beaches in Crete, mostly with hardly a soul to be seen.
Two rivers flow through the Mesara and both have their source near to the village of Asimi. From there they flow in opposite directions. Geropotamos, known in ancient times as Lethaios, flows westwards to the sea and out into the Gulf of Mesara. Anapodaris, ancient name Katarhaktes, flows into the bay of Derma, east of the village of Tsoutsouros.
Here in the Mesara in ancient times, civilisation grew from Neolithic (5th Century BC) to the modern day. During the Minoan Prepalatial period growth was amazing (4th & 3rd centuries BC) where huge leaps forward were taken in architecture, pottery, the incredible circular tholos tombs, Agios Onoufrios and Kamares ware, countless figurines, seals and jewelry were produced.
In the first Palace period we see the palace at Festos being built (1900 – 1700 BC). The second Palace period was centered around the later palace at Festos, the palatial buildings at Agia Triada and at the port of Kommos just north of Matala near Pitsidia (1700 – 1300 BC).
Later the came Gortyn, the magnificent city that dominated the Mesara for sixteen centuries, from 800BC to 800AD. Gortyn is situated just west of Agioi Deka and covered a diameter of ten kilometres. It is said that in its greatest years over 80,000 people lived in Gortyn and in Roman times it became not only the capital of Crete but the Capital of Cyrene as well (North Africa).
There is still a plane tree in the ruins of Gortyn that keeps its leaves all year. Under that tree Zeus made love to Europa and the children that they produced were Minos, the king at Knossos and his brother Rhadamantys, King of Festos.
Posted in History, Places | Tagged , Agia Galini, Agia Triada, Agioi Deka, Cyrene, Europa, Festos, Gortyn, Iraklion, Kamares, Knossos, Kommos, Matala, Mesara, Mesara Plain, Minoan, Minos, neolithic, Pitsidia, Zeus | Leave a comment
The road from Iraklion winds south through the town of Agia Barbara and descends to the Mesara Plain at a small village which is still called, to this day, Agioi Deka. Agioi Deka is built on the eastern part of the ancient city of Gortyn. Gortyn is one of my favourite sites in Crete and more will be written of this exciting city of Crete which was the capital for many centuries of Crete and north Africa.
At the end of the second century AD, Christianity was spreading across Crete thanks to the earlier work of the Apostle Titus, a Cretan who was student to the Apostle Paul who landed on the island around 62AD. Titus became the Patron Saint of Crete and a huge Basilica with five aisles has now been discovered west of the centre of Gortyn near the village of Metropolis, which is called the church of St Titus. The old church of St Titus in the public area of the Gortyn site was not the original church by any means. It was just called that by an archeologist in the last century.
By the end of the second century AD Christianity was an important religion in Gortyn. Circa 170 to 190AD Gortyn had a very active Christian bishop called Philip who is today held as a saint in the Roman Catholic church. Every day we learn more about these times in Crete but the information is still pretty scarce. At least until the year 249AD. Within the Roman Empire that year was a leader called Emperor Decius who was deified as were all Roman leaders. Decius though, wanted the whole of the Roman Empire to worship his name and this happened in Gortyn. A shrine was set up and a great celebration declared to worship the Emperor Decius, god of Rome.
Although Gortyn was by now becoming a Christian city, no one argued with the Emperor of Rome. So everyone in Gortyn went through the motions watched by the Romans. All except ten men who used the moment to protest saying that no one should be worshipped except the true god, Jesus Christ. Consequently all ten were arrested.
It is interesting though that this protest seemed to have been a planned protest. Although five of the men, Theodoulos, Satornilos, Euporos, Gelasios and Eunikianos came from Gortyn, the other five came from other cities such as: Pompios from Lebena, Agathapos from Panormos, Basiliedes from Kydonia (Hania), Zotikos from Knossos and Euarestos from Iraklion. The men were held in prison and tortured for one month. But they failed to change their opinions and so they were sentenced to death by the governor of Crete. The executions took place in Alonion, a part of Gortyn now known to be the main amphitheatre of Gortyn. Later in the reign of Constantine the Great of Eastern Rome now called Byzantium governed from Constantinopolis (Istanbul), permission was given to raise the bodies of the ten men, now sanctified as saints, and rebury them in holy ground in sarcophogi. No one knows exactly where they are buried for there is still so very much of Gortyn to discover.
The graves of the martyrs of Alonion, Gortyn may be the sarcophogi discovered during a rescue excavation in 1981. There was a low enclosure where stone sarcophogi were seen at the centre of which was a small votive pit. The site was then recovered and is now, apparently, no longer accessible. We just don’t know.
However the ten saints of Crete are still celebrated today for their courage and their sanctity and the previous centre of the amphitheatre Alonion now holds the church of the ten saints in the village of Agioi Deka, just south of the main road through the village. The church stands in the original oval of the centre of the amphitheatre and is dated to the late twelfth or early thirteenth century. It has a fine icon to the saints as well as wall paintings that depict the ten saints. It is well worth a look.
It is also worth remembering that the ten saints came from cities in central and western Crete suggesting that even in the third century AD, Christianity had not yet penetrated the east of the island.
Posted in History, Places | Tagged , Agioi Deka, Alonion, archeology, Byzantium, Constantine, Crete, Decius, Gortyn, Iraklion, Kydonia, Metropolis, Titus | 3 Comments
After the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the foundation of the new Greek Kingdoms, mostly in the east, the island of Crete rose in importance. Hellenistic Greece was a real bed of influence and threat as well as downright attacks on each other, kingdom verses kingdom, state against state.
The only way that these kingdoms could become stronger was to form alliances with each other. Many mainland states forged such alliances with Cretan cities and so Crete became much more powerful by influence and the fact that they had some of the best mercenary soldiers anywhere.
Crete became known to ancient writers as the ‘Island with a hundred cities’ (ekatompolis). And truly it had perhaps even more than one hundred. It is believed that there were more than a million people on the island serving all of these cities and there was very little land that was not tilled to grow food. Back then Crete also had huge forested areas right up to the mountain’s tree line and there was much fruit gathered from these forests. There was also plenty of wild game and there were many hunters.
The cities of Crete were often large cities, like Gortyn for example, with a diameter of six miles – ten kilometres. Other notable cities were of course Knossos, Lappa, Kydonia, Aptera and many more. The two most powerful of the cities were considered to be Gortyn on the Messara Plain and Knossos near to modern Iraklion. These two cities were often in dispute with each other, at other times they combined to attack another city. The city of Lyttos was destroyed by them. (220 BC).
Like many other parts of Greece though, Crete had a Koinon. This could be translated as a sort of parliament. The function and make up of this ‘parliament is hardly known, but it was thought to be a place where differences between city states could be discussed and decisions made. Although some of the Cretan cities had alliances with other parts of Greece and with Egypt under Ptolemy (who married his sister), the Koinon also had the function of gathering all the cities of Crete into a major alliance if ever they were attacked by foreigners. It could be said that this could happen at any time since many of the pirate ships that scourged the eastern Mediterranean operated out of Crete. The major seafarers of the time where the people of the island of Rhodes and they were constantly angry with the Cretan pirates. The origin of the word ‘syncretism’ started because of the Cretan Koinon. It means that although the Cretan cities might fight with one another, under an outside threat they became as one force.
The ‘island of a hundred cities’ must have been a wonderful place to see. Today it seems hard to imagine ten cities on Crete, never mind a hundred.
Posted in History | Tagged Aptera., Gortyn, Knossos, Koinon, Lappa, Lyttos, Messara | Leave a comment
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4 Nov , 2018
The Racial and Gender Demographics of Mass Public Shooters: Middle Eastern people, Asians, Blacks, and American Indians overrepresented. Hispanics most underrepresented
“the biggest terror threat in this country is white men, most of them radicalized to the right, and we have to start doing something about them.” — CNN’s Don Lemon, October 30, 2018
“I said that the biggest terror threat in this country comes from radicals on the far right, primarily white men.
CPRC original research, Demographics of Mass Public Shooters, mass public killings non-shootings, who commits murder
31 Oct , 2018
Few mass public killers have obvious political or religious reasons for doing their shootings, vehicle attacks, or bombings
“right-wing terrorism has become far more commonplace — and, since 9/11, far more deadly — than Islamist terrorism in America” — Max Boot, Washington Post, October 28, 2018.
“In a recent analysis of the data by the news site Quartz, roughly 60 percent of those incidents were driven by racist, anti-Muslim, anti-Semitic, antigovernment or other right-wing ideologies.
CPRC original research, Demographics of Mass Public Shooters, International Comparisons, mass public killings non-shootings, who commits murder
UPDATED: Vehicle attacks around the world since 2000
Terrorist vehicle attacks with 4 or more fatalities are still relatively rare, though they are becoming more frequent. Radical Muslims committed 83% of mass public attacks committed up through the end of 2017. Including attacks where fewer than 4 victims were killed, 73% of all vehicle attacks were carried out by Muslims. …
CPRC original research, International Comparisons, mass public killings non-shootings
Muslims responsible for at least 80% of the worldwide bombings killing at least 4 people during 2014-15
During 2014 and 2015 there were 1,761 bombings in the world that killed at least four people. Of those, 1,401 were by radical Muslims, 58 were non-Muslims, and 302 were unknown. It seems likely that most of those unknown attacks were also by radical Muslims, but even if that isn’t the case, at least 80% of these bombings were done by radical Muslims and possibly as few as 3.3% are done by non-Muslims. …
Update Post: For our latest work comparing mass public shootings across countries, please click here.
For those interested, Snopes.com has given this research below a “mixed” rating. For a discussion of Snopes.com’s claims and our response see here.
Updated January 7, 2016: 1) In his address to the nation after the Planned Parenthood attack, Obama claimed: “I say this every time we’ve got one of these mass shootings: This just doesn’t happen in other countries.”
Senator Harry Reid made a similar statement on June 23rd: “The United States is the only advanced country where this type of mass violence occurs. …
CPRC original research, International Comparisons, mass public killings non-shootings, mass public shootings
A note on mass victim knife attacks around the world: a single, very small 16 year old was able to wound at least 24 people with a knife in just 5 minutes
John Lott had a discussion about the Pennsylvania attack on Coast to Coast AM (April 10, 2014 from 1:08 to 1:11 AM).
Franklin Regional High School near Pittsburgh was the horrific scene on Wednesday with “at least 24” injured, including 5 critically wounded. The carnage, which was done in about five minutes, could have been worse.…
International Comparisons, knife attacks, mass public killings non-shootings, media appearance
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While we figure out how to spot terrorists, let’s update our gun laws.
Meticulous Planning by Las Vegas Gunman Before He Opened Fire:
Before he mowed down concertgoers from a perch high in a hotel tower, Stephen C. Paddock created a ring of surveillance around him, with video cameras in his suite and in the hallway, law enforcement officials said on Tuesday. But investigators were still at a loss to offer a motive for the massacre.
The cameras — apparently intended to warn of approaching threats — along with the 23 guns, hundreds of rounds of ammunition, and other equipment found in the gunman’s hotel suite, suggested a thought-out plan to have plenty of time to wreak carnage while holding the police at bay.
Twelve of the rifles Mr. Paddock had in his luxury suite on the 32nd floor of the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino were outfitted with a “bump stock,” a device that enables a gun to fire hundreds of rounds per minute, like a machine gun, which may explain how he was able to rain such devastation on the crowd below, law enforcement officials said. Such devices are generally legal, and the possibility that he may have used them set off a fresh round of calls by Democratic lawmakers in Washington to pass more gun regulations after the tragedy.
Paddock didn’t have a criminal record so he flew under the radar of the FBI.
So if we can’t preemptively spot terrorists, then we need to do something else. We need to update our gun laws in the United States.
Preventative measures are much better than reactive treatments.
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Life Stories – Exploring Identity with Young People
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Should brands create their own fonts?
August 8, 2014 by Shareen Pathak
You probably won’t notice unless you’re a typeface nerd, but online marketplace Zazzle has created its own typeface.
Dubbed “Virgo,” the font was designed by Brooklyn’s Pagan & Sharp. It was the natural progression after a series of changes at Zazzle, which recently moved into a new headquarters in Redwood City, California, and redesigned its website.
The evolution of Zazzle’s “Z.”
Designed to reflect the site’s “handmade” aesthetic, the typeface is a “headline” font that will appear on the site and is also available to Zazzle employees to use in their signatures and other materials.
“When you strip everything down, the typography gives our product life,” said Jeremy Britton, director of design at Zazzle. “If you’re a company investing in how things are made, you have to do something like this.” The company was previously using Archer, a beautiful but ubiquitous font that didn’t really match the handmade, homegrown aesthetic of the company.
Zazzle is the latest in a series of brands that have either redone or created for the first time proprietary fonts. A few months ago, Intel debuted “Clear,” a new typeface that it said was necessary to maintain consistency across screens and paper. Even a city — Chattanooga, Tennessee — got in on the act, with “Chatype,” to promote its identity and spur growth. General Electric has long had its own proprietary font, dubbed Inspira, which is emblazoned on everything from aircraft engines to lightbulbs. A couple of years ago, Nokia and Dalton Maag won design awards for Pure, a new font designed to work across the mobile Web.
Christian Butte, creative director at branding firm Red Antler, said that designers have always believed that having a custom font for the company is a big part of the corporate identity. It can communicate attitudes and a certain point of view. The federal government in Germany, for example, has been emphasizing the importance of having a custom typeface in its communications to represent “modern democratic Germany,” he said. “People will start recognizing you by your font as much as your logo, over time,” said Butte.
Alex de Janosi, partner in the design practice at Lippincott, said that it’s a good idea for brands with global presences to think about investing in their own fonts. It helps in differentiating the brand, and if the font is used in multiple external communications, from products to announcements, it can strengthen the brand’s identity as much as a logo.
During Zazzle’s font process, it was clear that the Zazzle “Z” would be the focal point for the new typeface — being that the name of the company features the most uncommon letter in the language, thrice. The result was a font that appeared wet, easily malleable, indicative of handcrafted elements that would work in the digital space as easily as it would on paper.
Lucas Sharp, founder and president at Pagan & Sharp, who created Virgo, said that the trend is a “reaction” against a defining paradigm of the 2000s that didn’t place much stock in the importance of typeface in branding. Ubiquitous fonts like Archer are omnipresent in branding, said Sharp.
Still, Zazzle is still relatively unique in that it is one of the few small, Web-based brands — apart from publishers — that is investing in typography. “The industry is definitely growing,” said Sharp. It’s a combination of the fact that tools for creating typefaces have now become much more accessible, and brands understanding the need for it.
De Janosi of Lippincott said that brands can go two routes. One is the Apple way. The company uses a non-custom font called Myriad but has managed to deploy it consistently enough across products that it’s almost as if it’s now the “Apple” font. The other is what Zazzle, Nokia or Intel have done. “The font is an extension of the brand,” he said. “And they’re more important now because applications are all over digital media.” Those typefaces require more care to make them Web-ready. For example, the contours of the letters have to be “opened up” to make them easier to read on smartphones. Traditional typefaces haven’t been Web-hinted, said de Janosi.
Creating a font is also cheaper in the long run. Branding experts said that creating a custom font can cost anywhere from $60,000 on the lower end for a mid-weight font, up to into the millions for different languages. Companies without fonts they own, however, have to constantly pay licensing rights every time they apply them.
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Statistics: Correlates of Depression in Elderly Asians in the United States
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Microbiology Aberystwyth University Degree level: Undergraduate Awarded by: Aberystwyth University (Prifysgol Aberystwyth)
Aberystwyth University has opted into the TEF and received a Gold award.
Microbiologists study bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and their role in infectious diseases, humans, other animals and plants. You will also learn how microorganisms contribute to environmental nutrient cycling, brewing, food, and biotechnology industries. This three year Bachelor of Science honours degree in Microbiology allows you to develop the scientific and analytical skills demanded in a broad range of professions.
You will be taught by passionate teaching staff who conduct research in all areas of microbiology, and have access to our fantastic bio-imaging and microscopy suite, modern laboratories and fermentation facilities. You will also benefit from having access to our range of farms and woodlands for studying microbes that impact on animal health and the environment.You will be studying in a University that strives to create an exceptional student experience. In the 2017 National Student Survey, Microbiology was ranked 1st in the UK for student satisfaction (NSS, 2017), demonstrating that we endeavour to provide you with a memorable experience.
The majority of teaching staff at the Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences are qualified to PhD level and are research active.
The Institute has a large number of research only staff with whom students may have contact. You will be assigned a personal tutor who can guide you through your time at Aberystwyth and help you to settle in when you first arrive. We have invested heavily and over a number of years in our research facilities, and project students may get the opportunity to work in the research units on Penglais, or in our dedicated research facility at Gogerddan just outside Aberystwyth.
In your first year you will explore a wide range of topics from Biochemistry to Animal Diversity, from Microbial Diversity to Vegetation and Ecosystems. These are all designed to give you a firm footing in your second and third years and allow you to try out topics you might never have considered before. There is a wide range of modules on offer in years two and three, more so than in any other scheme we offer. In these years you can specialise, perhaps taking a more molecular or environmental route choosing modules such as Applied Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics or Ecological Surveying. On the other hand you can keep your options open by mixing and matching topics like Biochemistry and Pharmacology with Population and Community Ecology.
Our students leave Aberystwyth University with the skills including; research and data analysis skills, enhanced mathematical and computational skills, effective problem-solving and creative thinking skills; a thorough grounding in information technology skills; the ability to work independently, time-management and organisational skills, including the ability to meet deadlines; the ability to express ideas and communicate information in a clear and structured manner, in both written and oral form; self-motivation and self-reliance and team-working, with the ability to discuss concepts in groups, accommodating different ideas and reaching agreement.
Our graduates are strong candidates in the following fields: Research scientist, Clinical molecular geneticist, Nature conservation officer and Education. Students who have completed a biology degree could also progress to further training in Dentistry, Medicine and Science writing.
Main Site (Aberystwyth)
112 - 120 points With B in Biology or Human Biology. Candidates taking a science A level with an associated practical skills assessment will also be required to pass the practical component.
BBC - BBB With B in Biology or Human Biology. Candidates taking a science A level with an associated practical skills assessment will also be required to pass the practical component.
Pass in Access qualification in a relevant subject with Merit in 50% of units at level 3.
30 points With 5 points in Biology at Higher Level.
Welsh Baccalaureate - Advanced Skills Challenge Certificate (first teaching September 2015)
Aberystwyth University welcomes the Welsh Baccalaureate as a valuable qualification in its own right and considers completion of the Welsh Baccalaureate Advanced Skills Challenge Certificate to be equivalent to an A level grade.
Applicants are selected on their individual merits and offers can vary. We allow you flexibility in meeting our entry requirements, and all qualifications that you have already gained, or are working towards, will be considered when reviewing your application. We have an inclusive policy which recognises a broad range of qualifications. The entry requirements listed here represent typical offers for some of the most popular qualifications taken by applicants. We still use the UCAS tariff to determine whether you have met the terms of our offer, so whatever qualifications you are taking, provided these are included in the UCAS tariff and provided you meet the overall points total (and any specific subject requirements) you may still receive an offer. This means that if your course requires 3 A levels at BBB, we will accept other grade combinations that are equivalent to the same number of tariff points. For example A levels ABC and AAD equate to 120 UCAS tariff points). Applicants studying a mixture of qualifications (e.g. A Level with BTEC) are also warmly welcomed. If you cannot find the qualification(s) that you are studying (or have previously studied) please contact our Undergraduate Admissions Office (Telephone: +44 (0)1970 622021; Email: ug-admissions@aber.ac.uk) for advice on your eligibility and details of the typical offer you are likely to receive.
A minimum grade C or grade 4 pass in GCSE (or equivalent) English or Welsh is a requirement for entry to all our degree schemes. Level 3 KS/FS Communication may be acceptable in lieu of GCSE English or Welsh. For this degree scheme minimum grade C or grade 4 passes in GCSE (or equivalent) Mathematics and in a GCSE (or equivalent) science subject are also required. GCSE Mathematics-Numeracy and level 3 KS/FS Application of Number are acceptable in lieu of GCSE Mathematics.
Cambridge English Advanced B
Cambridge English Proficiency C
IELTS (Academic) 6.5 With minimum 5.5 in each component.
PTE Academic 55.0 With minimum score of 51 in any component.
TOEFL (iBT) 88.0 With minimum scores in components as follows: Listening 21; Writing 21; Reading 22; Speaking 23.
If you are an international student needing more information about the English Language requirement for your course (e.g. country-specific English Language tests, Partner Institution tests, EU/EEA English Language qualifications where the school curriculum is taught in a native language) please contact the Undergraduate Admissions Office for further advice.
Fee information: Based on the latest information available to us, for new Home/EU students enrolled on full-time undergraduate courses starting in 2018, Aberystwyth University currently intends to charge a tuition fee of £9,000 for the academic year 2018/19. Welsh government is still to confirm arrangements for 2019/20 onwards, which means that for students starting in 2018/19 or after, tuition fees may rise for any successive years of study, mapped according to any inflation-linked maximum tuition fee permitted by the Welsh Government. These increases would also apply for the proportional fees charged for Year Abroad and Year in Industry. We will inform all applicants and students of the fee levels for 2019/20 and any inflation-linked increases for successive years of study as soon as confirmation is received from Welsh Government, and will publish updates on the Aberystwyth University website. You should check the updated fee information on our website before applying. Up to date details of the relevant fees will be set out in our offer documentation, and your terms and conditions with us will describe how we may be entitled to increase or otherwise change fees during the period of your study with us. Costs not included in the tuition fee: The academic provision of the University includes certain elements of study away from Aberystwyth. These involve activities such as field trips in science degrees and visits to theatres, galleries and museums in humanities-based courses. The additional costs of such activities are not included in the overall University fee and you should, therefore, note the need to budget for them. Details of courses that have additional costs can be found on the Aberystwyth University website. These costs are given as an indication of likely cost and will vary as will the location and duration of the activity. Fuller details will be available from the department organising the activity.
Aberystwyth University offers a valuable package of scholarships and bursaries to support students. Our long-established Entrance Scholarship competition means you could get up to £2,000 a year towards your living and study costs. You can combine an Entrance Scholarship with any or all of our other awards, to make your financial package more valuable. Our awards include the means-tested Aberystwyth Bursary, Sport and Music Scholarships, Bursaries for Care Leavers/Young Carers and a range of department specific awards. Please visit our website for full details.
SY23 3FL
Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (undergraduate enquiries)
ibers@aber.ac.uk
Undergraduate Admissions Office (undergraduate enquiries)
ug-admissions@aber.ac.uk
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War Tales
Maston Thomas looks at his discharge document framed on the wall of his South Port Square apartment in Port, Charlotte, Fla. He was discharged from the Navy at Great Lakes in 1946. Sun photo by Don Moore
Port Charlotte, Fla. man saw action in Sicily during World War II
by Don Moore
Maston Thomas of South Port Square in Port Charlotte, Fla. joined the Navy six months before the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor.
“I was a telephone lineman working at the Naval Air Station in Jacksonville,” the 90-year-old World War II vet recalled. “The base communications officer talked me into applying for a Naval commission. I applied, and five weeks later I was an ensign in the U.S. Navy with no military training at all.”
He became a communications officer with an amphibious unit attached to the 8th Fleet headed for North Africa and the fighting in Sicily in 1942.
“The first time I met (Gen. George) Patton was onboard ship just offshore during the invasion of Sicily. He was on the bridge with some of his staff and so was Douglas Fairbanks Jr., who had quite a movie career before joining the Navy during the Second World War.
“‘Stuka!’ Fairbanks yelled as the German dive-bomber came out of the sun headed right for our headquarters ship. Patton just stood there and so did the rest of us because there was no place to go. The bomb just missed us,” Thomas said.
The fleet pounded the enemy shore batteries, and there wasn’t a lot of resistance from the Italian units that were holding that section of Sicily. Thomas went ashore right after the first wave to establish radio communication with the fleet in a doctor’s home on a bluff overlooking the beach.
“The second day we were ashore, Patton came down in his command car and told us we were going to have to hold the beachhead because the Hermann Goering Division, an elite tank unit, had broken through his lines,” Thomas said. “Our destroyers offshore had spotters ashore, and with their help the Navy knocked off a bunch of the Germans’ Tiger tanks.”
Thomas had a couple more Patton stories.
“About the same time Patton issued an order that every officer had to wear a tie, and that included the Navy. We complained about that one.
“Another thing Patton did was steal our liquor supply we brought from Norfolk. We appealed to our fleet admiral, and the admiral made him give our liquor back,” he said.
“The next night there were a lot of enemy fighter planes flying over our beachhead. I was sitting in the signal station atop the hill watching planes being shot down in flames by our anti-aircraft guns along the shore,” he said. “What I found out the next day was a flight of American paratroopers flew in, in transports right behind a group of enemy torpedo planes that had been attacking us. Allied gunners shot down the paratroopers’ transports by mistake. Patrol boats were picking up bodies for days. It was a big mistake.”
A few months later he was involved with the invasion of Southern France by Allied forces.
“We were to go in on the second day and set up communications with the fleet. When the day came the weather was almost perfect. As we were waiting in a transport ship about a mile off the beach, a girl in a bikini swam out to our ship and cautioned us about two German machine gun nests on both end of the beach we were to land on. We knocked out both machine guns nests before we landed,” he said.
“We were the first American unit to arrive in Marseilles. Both sides of the road were lined with joyous people throwing flowers at us and giving us stuff to eat and drink. Going into Marseilles was one of the thrills of World War II for me,” Thomas said.
By this time he was a lieutenant in charge of a radio communications center that communicated with the 8th Fleet offshore. Their radios were located on the top floor of a bank building in downtown Marseilles, where they could watch the goings-on in the city below them.
“Each morning they would bring a group of French collaborators out, stand them up against a wall and shoot them. I watched one of those shootings and that was enough,” he said. “The female collaborators got their heads shaved and then they would run them through the streets of Marseilles naked.”
About the time the Battle of the Bulge was taking place, in December 1944, Thomas got orders to return to the states. He had spent more than enough time in the war zone, according to the powers that be.
“Ten days before Christmas I wrote my wife, Jacqueline, I’d be home for Christmas. I didn’t make it back to Miami until the day after Christmas. She was serving as a lieutenant working in anti-submarine warfare,” he said.
Thomas hardly made it home before he was reassigned to teach midshipman school at Notre Dame University. He served the remainder of the war as a Naval expert without ever receiving any formal training.
When he was discharged in 1946, Thomas was a commander in the Navy.
He spent years in the U.S. space program two decades later while working for AT&T. Thomas and his wife retired to Port Charlotte 40 years ago; she has since passed away. They have three grown children, two sons and a daughter.
This story was first published in the Charlotte Sun newspaper, Port Charlotte, Fla. on Monday, July 27, 2009 and is republished with permission.
Click here to view the collection in the Library of Congress.
Click here to view the War Tales fan page on FaceBook.
Click here to search Veterans Records and to obtain information on retrieving lost commendations.
All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be republished without permission. Links are encouraged.
C. Maston Thomas 93, of Port Charlotte, FL passed away Saturday, Jan. 26, 2013. Maston was born In Bamburg, SC, April 30, 1919, and moved to Florida in 1925.
He graduated from St. Petersburg Jr. College in 1938 and Georgetown Kentucky College in 1940 where he was a member of KA fraternity. He received his Masters in Industrial Management from MIT in 1951 on a Sloan fellowship program.
Maston joined the Navy in 1940 where he rose to Lt. Commander and served in North Africa, taking part in three Mediterranean invasions Sicily, Naples, and Sardinia during WWII. During his active service he married Jacqueline Carico a WAVE Ensign in 1943.
In 1944, he returned to the U.S. where he taught and was head of the seamanship program at Notre Dame University.
Following his war service, Maston joined AT&T where he spent 38 years as an executive. He was comptroller of Bellcomm, which provided NASA with technical support to put the first man on the moon.
He was treasurer of several AT&T subsidiaries throughout the United States, Canada and Cuba. Maston retired in 1978 and returned to Florida from the New York area and settled in Port Charlotte, FL where he enjoyed golf and other sports.
He was a member of the Telephone Pioneers of America, The Charlotte Harbor Yacht Club and the American Legion while living in Port Charlotte. Survivors include daughter, Jacqueline (Lynn) Thomas-Pitz and son-in-law, Dr. Richard Pitz of Punta Gorda Isles; son, Charles Maston Thomas Jr., and daughter-in-law, Jeannine Thomas of Miami; and son, Maj. (Ret.) Jules Thomas and daughter-in-law, Susan Thomas of Columbus, MS and their two children, Kelly and Robby Thomas; as well as sisters, Katie Hornack and Elise Ewart Maston’s wife of 50 years, Jacqueline “Jac” preceded him in death in 2002.
To light a candle in his memory please visit http://www.kays-ponger.com. Funeral arrangements entrusted to Kays-Ponger Uselton Funeral Home and Cremation Services Port Charlotte Chapel – See more at: http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/sptimes/obituary.aspx?n=c-maston-thomas&pid=162737800#sthash.PX8uZr3I.dpuf
Published in the Tampa Bay Times on Jan. 30, 2013
07.31.2015 – U.S. Navy / World War II / 8th Fleet / Jacksonville Naval Air Station / Marseilles / Sicily
Larry E Murray
07.31.2015 - 8:14 am
he had a good life and his memory will live on
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1977 Item Debuts, Bronze-Age Items, Characters from traditional sources,
Earth-Two
Dakotaverse
Arrow (TV Series)
Earth-One
Magical Items
The spear used to pierce the side of Jesus Christ has had many different owners throughout the years. The most pivotal role the Spear had come in World War II as it fell into the hands of Adolf Hitler. The control of the Spear by the Third Reich prevented America
The Spear of Destiny
The Spear of Longinus
Earth-Two · New Earth · Dakotaverse · DCAU · Arrow (TV Series)
Golgotha (Jerusalem)
Reported to be the spear which pierced Christ's side on the cross. The Spear holds supernatural powers which allows the possessor to control the minds of super powered beings.
Sentinels of Magic, Gaius Cassius, Adolf Hitler, Dragon King, Vandal Savage
Weird War Tales #50
The spear used to pierce the side of Jesus Christ has had many different owners throughout the years. The most pivotal role the Spear had come in World War II as it fell into the hands of Adolf Hitler. The control of the Spear by the Third Reich prevented American superheroes, particularly those with magic-based origins or powers (and in the pre-Crisis Earth-Two reality, the Golden Age Superman), from intervening in the War, creating a Sphere of Influence that would affect such heroes to fall under Hitler's sway when they enter into it. The Spear was used towards the end of the War by a cornered Captain Nazi who attacked the Spectre with it, nearly killing him and precipitating the end of the world. However, before its loss, Hitler used a magical ritual to taint the weapon, corrupting any who wielded it to his greed and powerlust.
After the War, the spear came into the hands of the Allies, and was placed in storage in the United States. It would emerge years later, during a time when the Spectre was considered out of control, having destroyed the entire nation of Vlatava. President Bill Clinton ordered the Spear retrieved and asked Superman to confront the Spectre with it, as it was widely accepted that the Spear was perhaps the only weapon on Earth that could actually harm him. Superman took the Spear and headed for Japan, where the Spectre was grappling with a water elemental sent on a rampage by Maia. The Spear was also capable of injuring or slaying the elemental itself. Unfortunately, it was not realized until after Superman was in the air how deep the taint of the Spear was. Superman beheld a vision where he used the Spear to take over the world, slaying all of his allies and close friends before being confronted at last by Batman. Superman was able to deny the vision and reject the Spear. The Spectre bound the Spear inside a rocky boulder with the ashes of Vlatava and cast it into Earth orbit.
During the Day of Judgment, the rogue angel Asmodel seized control of the vacant Spectre Force and literally froze over hell. Earth's heroes split into three groups: one group lead by Superman went into hell to reignite the fires; a second, led by Wonder Woman, attempted to retrieve Jim Corrigan from Heaven and re-bond him to the Spectre; and a third, led by Captain Marvel, ventured into space to retrieve the Spear. Captain Marvel was able to withstand the taint long enough to deal a crippling blow to the Spectre, weakening him long enough for Hal Jordan (who was retrieved from Purgatory instead of Corrigan) to become the new host for the Spectre. Once joined, this new Spectre cast the Spear back into space.
On another occasion, Felix Faust and Circe both attempted to gain control of the spear in two simultaneous separate plots, taking advantage of circumstances to seize it with their magics, only to be thwarted by the Justice League and Justice League Elite respectively.[1]
Recently the Spear fell into the hands of the Dragon King, however the Spear is now thought to be lost thanks to intervention by Wildcat and the Flash (Jay Garrick).[2]
Final Crisis: Revelations
During the events of Final Crisis, Renee Montoya (The Question) continues her personal vendetta to hunt down the members of the Religion of Crime, who have sworn to kill her for denying her role as their leader[3] (after accidentally killing their original leader). The members are looking for the mythical rock which Cain used to kill Abel. Renee tries to fight off the members, although they actually do find the rock. Shortly afterwards, Crispus Allen shows up as the Spectre and informs her that it is her time to be judged. They are also in possession of the Spear, using it and the rock in a ceremony on Vandal Savage. Cain is then reborn in Savage's flesh. He then leads an army of followers to Gotham, where he managed to best the Spectre and plunge the weapon through him. This separates the Spectre itself from the spirit of its human host, rendering it a slave to Cain.
Cain attempts to corrupt the Radiant, God's Spirit of Mercy, tempting her by offering the deaths of the killers of her human host. When the Radiant refuses, he has the Spectre utter the Anti-Life Equation, unmaking creation itself and rebuilding it in the name of Darkseid. However, the Question and Huntress managed to reclaim the Spear, though they incur serious injuries. The Radiant heals Huntess, but cannot heal the Question until the relic is purified of its taint, something that can only be accomplished by using it to heal a soul rather than destroying it. The Question does this by using the Spear to resurrect Jake Allen, the son of the Spectre's human host. This brings hope and peace to the spirit of Crispus Allen, who manages to reclaim control of the Spectre-force. He then uses the Spear's power to change the world to what it was, dealing absolute judgment upon Cain and his followers, except for the killers of Sister Clarice, the Radiant's human host, so she could forgive them before they died.
On Earth-Thirty-Two the Spear of Destiny didn't really exist and was used as a cover story to prevent the Allied troops from learning about a German super code named Persifal (Otto Frentz) who could neutralize the super powers of others.
The Spear of Destiny appeared on DC's Legends of Tomorrow as a reality-altering tool capable of altering history without messing with the Speed Force and can thus help avoid incurring the wrath of Black Flash. As it does not tap into the Speed Force like other means of time manipulation, it is not capable of altering the history of its use, meaning that even if it was destroyed in an altered reality, time travelers can still prevent its use.
This character is an adaptation of Spear of Destiny, a character in traditional stories. These include, but may not be limited to religious texts, myth, and/or folk lore. More information on the original can be found at Wikipedia.org.
Appearances of Spear of Destiny
Item Gallery: Spear of Destiny
Images featuring Spear of Destiny
↑ JLA Secret Files and Origins 2004
↑ JSA Classified #8-9
↑ Crime Bible: Five Lessons of Blood #5
Retrieved from "https://dc.fandom.com/wiki/Spear_of_Destiny?oldid=2377361"
1977 Item Debuts
Bronze-Age Items
Characters from traditional sources
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The Improbable Story Of Baseball's Wildest Comeback
Filed to: mlbFiled to: mlb
It definitely ain’t over ‘til it’s over. The 116-win 2001 Seattle Mariners were one of the greatest teams, in any sport, to not win a championship. Led by Lou Piniella, the team was built for success: they boasted great pitching, an impeccable knack for getting on base (their .360 OBP was the highest in the majors), a historically good defense, and absolutely dominated the American League. Yet on Aug. 5, 2001—14 years ago today—they lost a game that should have been impossible to lose.
The backbone of the Mariners was the bullpen; after having struggled for years with relief pitching, Piniella and GM Pat Gillick put together a talented reliever corps led by Kazuhiro Sasaki (45 saves). Arthur Rhodes (1.72 ERA), former Yankee Jeff Nelson (2.72 ERA), and Norm Charlton (3.02 ERA); many of them had career years. The script was simple, and was usually followed: the offense would grab a lead, and the bullpen would hold it.
The 2001 Cleveland Indians, in contrast, were merely “very good.” They won 25 fewer games than the Mariners, and as a testament to Seattle’s absurd record, that was still enough to take the AL Central by six games. Jim Thome, Juan Gonzalez, and Roberto Alomar were bruisers in the lineup, while Bartolo Colon and rookie CC Sabathia led the rotation.
The two teams got together in Cleveland for a four-game wraparound series in early August. The Indians were sitting a half-game behind the Minnesota Twins for the division lead; the Mariners had already run away with the AL West. Seattle won the first two games; the first on the strength of a combined three-hitter by Jamie Moyer and the bullpen, the second with a 14-hit, eight-run outburst on the back of home runs by Bret Boone and Dan Wilson. The third was a nationally televised Sunday night game on ESPN, on the cusp of that late part of summer when football season is gearing up and baseball’s grasp on the undivided attention of America is starting to loosen.
Dave Burba started for the Indians; Aaron Sele took the hill for the Mariners. Burba had been terrible to that point in the season, with an ERA of 6.21, but struck out Ichiro to start the game and got through the first inning without incident. “A great first inning for Burba,” play-by-play announcer Jon Miller exclaimed, before adding, “On a night where the Indians need him to be great.”
The Mariners’ 2001 dominance was as total as it was unlikely. After boasting, at one point, the best shortstop (Alex Rodriguez), arguably the best starting pitcher (Randy Johnson), and the best outfielder in the game (Ken Griffey Jr.), the team lost all of them via trades and free agency, with Rodriguez being the last to leave Seattle for the Rangers and $250 million the previous winter.
The Mariners went for an immediate reload instead of a lengthy rebuild. Young talent like center fielder Mike Cameron, ace righthander Freddy Garcia, and shortstop Carlos Guillen were all acquired in the Griffey and Johnson trades. In addition, the Mariners used the money they might have paid Rodriguez to sign Ichiro Suzuki from Japan, setup man Jeff Nelson from the Yankees, and second baseman Bret Boone, who topped the league in RBIs (141) in the best season of his career. Nearly all of their moves paid off. After taking the first two from Cleveland, they were an astounding 80-30.
The second inning was where things started to unravel for Burba and the Indians. Cameron hit a one-out double high off of the left field wall, driving in left fielder Al Martin. Two batters later, Burba walked David Bell, (years before he became the most hated third baseman in Philadelphia since, well, the one before him) who advanced on a Tom Lampkin liner that bounced off Marty Cordova’s glove. Ichiro followed up with a bloop single to left field that scored both Bell and Lampkin, and just like that, the Indians were down 4-0.
To start the next inning, Burba immediately loaded the bases on singles to Martinez, John Olerud, and Martin. Manager Charlie Manuel pulled him.
“That’s the frustrating part for me as a young broadcaster,” said Rick Sutcliffe, who was filling in for Joe Morgan as an analyst in the ESPN booth. “I did all of this work on Dave Burba today…I’ve got all of this great stuff, and he’s…gone!”
“Well…” Miller offered, “let’s hear it!”
Manuel called for a mop-up reliever who had never before pitched in the majors: lefty Mike Bacsik, who became known for two things and two things only: giving up Barry Bonds’ 756th home run, and tweeting “Congrats to all the dirty Mexicans in San Antonio” after a 2010 NBA playoff game.
Cameron welcomed Bacsik to the bigs with a two-run double. Carlos Guillen drove in Martin and Cameron, bringing the score to 8-0. On the TV broadcast, you can see dejected Cleveland fans filing up the stairs. Maybe to abandon a game that was seemingly over in the third inning, maybe to grab a much-needed beer.
Bacsik gave up another single to Bell, and then hit Lampkin in the back. Ichiro, whose hatred of Cleveland knows no bounds, hit another run-scoring single before Bacsik loaded the bases again. Edgar Martinez stepped to the plate, looked directly at Bacsik with a sort of pained expression as if to say, “I’m sorry,” then singled home two more runs.
Bacsik surrendered another RBI to Olerud, making it 12-0. The Cleveland crowd booed loudly. “The fans are unhappy,” said Miller, unable to state anything but the obvious. At this point, the game was worth watching only to find out how many runs the Mariners would score.
The Indians were a laughingstock for much of the second half of the 20th century. The perfect choice for the movie Major League, the Indians hadn’t won a title since the Truman administration (they still haven’t) and Cleveland as a city had long been a popular punchline. The 1990s Indians bucked this trend, with World Series appearances in ‘95 and ’97; if the Yankees hadn’t built a dynasty, the Indians might have taken their place.
By 2001, though, the Indians were starting to age. They struggled all year long with their starting pitching in particular: Colon and Sabathia were solid, but behind them was a group of fragile veterans including Burba, Chuck Finley, and Charles Nagy. Over the course of the season, the Indians used a remarkable 24 different pitchers, with 10 of them making at least four starts. By contrast, the Mariners used just 15 pitchers all season, with six arms accounting for 155 starts.
In the Cleveland bullpen, Bob Wickman was a steady hand in the closer role, and Paul Shuey, Ricardo Rincon, and 23-year old Danys Baez all posted respectable numbers. Just as with the rotation, however, the Indians’ bullpen dealt with injuries, and in June they traded Steve Karsay (who had a 1.25 ERA at the time) to Atlanta for the controversial—and at that point, still effective —John Rocker. In a diplomatic statement after the trade, Braves third baseman Chipper Jones talked about how “unnerving” Rocker was to the clubhouse before quickly adding, “he was a good guy and did his job to the best of his ability.”
What they lacked in pitching, however, the Indians more than made up for with their lineup. The team had six players with at least 20 home runs and four players boasting a .900+ OPS. Jim Thome and Juan Gonzalez (in his only full year with Cleveland) bashed 84 home runs and had 264 RBIs between them. By year’s end, the Indians tallied 212 home runs—43 more than the Mariners. This was a team that was capable of scoring runs in bunches.
Still, this emergence of the Twins and White Sox as legitimate AL Central contenders raised the question of if the Indians’ best days were behind them. One sign of that were rumors that manager Charlie Manuel, who had been with the team since 1988 and its manager since 2000, was on the hot seat. “Back in 1994, ‘95 and ‘96, there was a roar in this park,” said Manuel would say after this game. “You couldn’t hear voices, just a roar. Like when you walk on a beach by the ocean. We get that roar every once in a while now.”
In the bottom of the fourth, Jim Thome hit a two-run homer off of Aaron Sele to end the shutout. Sutcliffe remarked that Sele’s curveball had been off that night, but this was the first time it had hurt him “as far as runs were concerned.” Even after getting on the board, Manuel began taking out his starters—he removed Gonzalez, Alomar, Ellis Burks, and Travis Fryman after only two at-bats each—and left Bacsik in to eat up innings of what was surely a lost game. Center fielder Kenny Lofton would tell the Cleveland Plain Dealer in an interview years later that he “wanted to stay in the game for some reason. [Maybe] I had a girlfriend there.”
Bacsik quickly gave back two runs in the fifth to make it 14-2, and the score stayed the same through six. Omar Vizquel acknowledged in a post-game interview that, looking at the scoreboard, the Indians decided “today wasn’t going to be our day.”
In the seventh inning, strikeout-prone slugger Russell Branyan, who had replaced Burks, hit a solo home run. The Indians then loaded the bases before Piniella pulled a tiring Sele in favor of John Halama, who had come over in the Randy Johnson trade and began 2001 as a starter before being moved to the bullpen in July as his ERA approached 6.00. Halama promptly gave up a two-run single to Jolbert Cabrera—in for Alomar—bringing it to 14-5. Not close, and not even respectable, but at least not a 12-run deficit anymore.
Meanwhile, Bacsik was somehow still in the game. His line from the night is ugly, but without him settling down to throw three scoreless innings to finish out his six innings of relief, the Indians would’nt have had even their minuscule chance to come back. In the bottom half of the eighth, Thome hit his second homer. “For the fans still here,” Miller said, “Jim Thome has given ‘em some entertainment!” Two batters later, Marty Cordova took Halama deep for a two-run blast. The Indians had cut the deficit in half; it was now 14-8.
Omar Vizquel was not a good hitter in 2001. The then-two time All-Star shortstop rarely had big years at the plate, especially when compared with the Big Three shortstops of the time (Alex Rodriguez, Derek Jeter, and Nomar Garciaparra), but the 34-year old was one of the best defensive shortstops of all time: From 1993 to 2001, he had won nine straight Gold Gloves.
This season, however, was rough even by Vizquel’s standards, hitting for an average (.254) and OPS (.657) well below his eventual career averages, even as he stretched his career on for an incredible 11 more years. His speed took a major hit, as well; just two years after stealing 42 bases while getting caught just nine times, Vizquel finished 2001 with just 13 stolen bases in 22 attempts. In just about every offensive metric, Vizquel was having an off-year — and at 34, it would have been natural to see his numbers as the start of his decline. Vizquel, who had started his career in Seattle, was already well on his way to being a icon in Cleveland. But he wouldn’t have been anyone’s first choice to come up with the game on the line.
It still would have been crazy to believe the Indians could Do This, but the anticipation in the crowd was building, even as less than half of the sellout crowd remained by the time Norm Charlton and his glorious mullet came on to relieve Halama. The camera panned to Omar Vizquel’s tiny, exhausted son Nico as the boy’s father stepped up to the plate with runners on first and second. Vizquel blooped a ball to right to drive in another run and make it a five-run game. “When we got within 14-9,” Lofton recalled later, “I thought, ‘Hey, wait a minute, we’ve got a chance.’
The crowd was at a fever pitch when Charlton bounced a 1-1 slider into the dirt and it ricocheted off Lampkin as Kenny Lofton broke for home. Lampkin quickly got to the ball and flipped it to Charlton for a bang-bang play at the plate. As the crowd paused, waiting for the call and on the edge of delirium, home-plate umpire Jeff Nelson punched his right hand downward. Lofton was out.
Jolbert Cabrera struck out on the next pitch to end the inning, and the wind was completely knocked out of the ballpark. The Indians had scored seven runs in two innings, but still trailed by five runs heading into the ninth. “And it all comes undone,” said Miller, “almost as quickly as it got promising.”
Eddie Taubensee, who had replaced Juan Gonzalez, led off the ninth with a single, but Charlton quickly retired Thome and Branyan. Cordova kept it alive with a double, and the Mariners brought in reliever Jeff Nelson, who at that point of the season boasted a 1.96 ERA. He walked Wil Cordero to load the bases, and catcher Einar Diaz crushed a single to left field, driving in two runs and bringing the score to 14-11 with the tying run at the plate. Piniella went to his closer, Kaz Sasaki. Kenny Lofton singled to load the bases again. That brought up Omar Vizquel.
Vizquel worked Sasaki to a full count, while the fans left at the park did their best to make Jacobs Field sound like it was hosting a World Series game. Miller floated the most improbable of scenarios: “In the history of Major League Baseball, a walk-off grand slam, with two down, and the team trailing by three, has occurred 13 times.” Vizquel had one home run so far that year; it seemed unlikely.
Manager Charlie Manuel was slightly more realistic with his prediction. “I told Omar if he went up there and stayed patient, ‘You can triple into the right-field corner’, Manuel would tell reporters after the game. “I didn’t really buy it,” said Vizquel. “I said, ‘Yeah, sure, Charlie.’”
Vizquel kept fouling off pitches. “It is critical for Lofton [the tying run, on first] to get as big a jump as he can,” Miller noted. “Three-two, two out, the runners go…” Vizquel swung and cracked a line-drive down the first baseline into right field. John Olerud Ed Sprague dove to try to stop it, but it went just past his outstretched glove, and the race was on.
Diaz and Cordero scored easily, and Lofton, one of baseball’s fastest men but now motoring on aging legs, tore around third and cruised into home, pumping his fists as he crossed the plate. Vizquel’s base-clearing triple had found the right field corner — incredibly, just as Manuel had hoped — and the Indians had erased a 12-run deficit in a span of just three innings. “They are delirious in downtown Cleveland!” Miller screamed, while Sutcliffe remained dumbfounded at the Mariners’ defensive positioning. “Why were they not guarding the first base line? Why was Charles Gipson not playing deeper into right field? It’s hard to understand.”
“I can’t explain it,” Lofton would exclaim after the game. “It was unbelievable. I’ve never been in a game like that in my life. My voice is gone from hollering so much. It was fun. Wow.” It was the first time since the third inning that Cleveland’s win expectancy rose above 10 percent.
Sasaki got Jolbert Cabrera to ground out to end the ninth, and both teams failed to score in the 10th. In the top of the 11th, John Rocker struck out the side.
One of the wildest baseball games ever played ended almost quietly. Jose Paniagua came on for the Mariners, and after getting Diaz to pop out, gave up singles to Lofton and Vizquel. Cabrera, a light-hitting utility man best known for being Orlando Cabrera’s older brother, came up with another chance to end the game.
“One more here to make them a winner,” Miller said, and then Cabrera swung at the very first pitch he saw, shattering his bat and looping the ball into left field softly enough to give Lofton a chance to score. As the center fielder tore around third, McLemore, who had taken over in left to start the inning, threw a perfect strike to Dan Wilson at home. Lofton slid into home, this time under the tag, and it was all over.
Open m.mlb.com
The comeback was complete: in 11 innings, the Indians won 15-14 after erasing a 12-run deficit. It was 12:18 in the morning. Eddie Taubensee was waiting at home plate for Lofton, who jumped into his arms. Taubensee threw Lofton over his back — damn near completely over him — like he was a sack of potatoes, and paraded him around as if the Indians had just won a championship. In fact, Bob Wickman would later say that the comeback did feel “like winning the seventh game of the World Series.”
“You never see a game like this,” Bret Boone said afterward. “Never. No matter how good your offense is, you don’t come back from 12 down. But they did it. It was ugly, but they got the job done.”
Cabrera, still on cloud nine after capping the comeback with his game-winning hit, told ESPN that it was the “turning point in the season.”
Manuel simply said, “We got the roar.”
As with most regular-season classics, the game didn’t actually change much in the grand scheme of things, but Cabrera’s prediction would prove true for the Indians. Cleveland would go on to win the AL Central by five games,while the Mariners would post the most wins of the modern era with a 116-46 record. If they had been able to hold on to that 12-run lead, they would have won 117 games, the most of any team ever.
The two teams would meet again in the ALDS, and the Indians took the Mariners the distance before falling short in Game 5. The window had closed for that iteration of the Indians; they wouldn’t make the playoffs again until 2007. The Mariners went on to fall apart in the ALCS against the Yankees, a disappointing end to one of the greatest seasons in baseball history. But for one stupid night in August, the Cleveland Indians made the impossible possible, tying the record for MLB’s biggest comeback and doing it against one of its best rosters, showing why it matters that baseball doesn’t have a clock and proving the truth of Yogi Berra’s most famous aphorism. As Miller signed off, he summed up the sheer ridiculousness of the night. “Well, that may only happen once in a lifetime. And maybe even less than that.”
Paul Blest is a writer and Phillies fan based in N.J. who’s written for Vice, The New Republic, Noisey, and others. Bring back Matt Stairs.
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Dear People
Character / Commitment / Growth
How Toys Work
Posted on May 23, 2018 May 24, 2018 by dearpeople06
I opened the front door of the house. “Let’s play ‘Wrigley Fielders'” Curt and Brian yelled! Curt is my oldest son, Brian is youngest of the two. It had been a full day at work and a seat out on the deck with a beer could have been my direction. But it was a perfect day for “Wrigley Fielders.” Mostly cloudy skies would make it easier to see the ball. I changed my clothes, we put on our ball caps, grabbed a tennis racquet and baseball gloves and went to the backyard. Because I had a belief about “play.”
As I’m writing this, it’s almost summer. Children are playing on trampolines and bikes. Not many, but I’ve seen them. I wish there were more adults jumping and riding with them. It’s how toys work. When I bought a toy for our kids, I made sure I was on the floor with them. We seem to want THE TOY to entertain the child. But the joy of the toy, the fun, and creativity in playing can be much greater when grown-ups join in.
“They played with the box more than the toy!” Yeah, heard that before. I don’t know why a kid would rather play with the box, but my kids never got a chance to play with the box. We were too busy combining the new toys with old ones to make adventures for dolls, Weebles, plush animals, ball gloves.
I was listening to a podcast about some folks building a toy company and the research that was going into making toys that children would spend the most time with. Yawn. They never mentioned how the grown-ups near the toy could help teach the child to make it come to life. Put that in your research pipe.
Some of the greatest joy in raising my three children was playing. It began as early as possible with each of them. Yes, I’m bragging. You can read about the psychology of toys and play ( https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/toy-stories). There is plenty of research. But my job is to motivate you to “train” your children. Show them. Teach them. Talk to them like people (drop the baby talk) before, during and after playtime. Here’s how:
Learning to play is a process. From the time our babies could sit up, rolling a ball to them and getting them to roll it back was fantastic fun. The room would brighten with their smiles and fill my world up with their laughter. Soon there was tossing the ball, bouncing it, and creating games of “scoring” when the ball lands in a bucket or intentionally knocks over other toys. As your kids graduate to higher thinking and playing, the games can get more lively. It’s a process. Be patient. What was once a miniature nine-inch soccer ball becomes a perfect ball to catch when someone is tossing it to you – while you’re in the air over a trampoline or a pool of water. Learning to play, imagine and create is a process. Start it as early as possible. If you haven’t been doing it and your child is a bit older and stuck on video games – better have a few talks before you coerce them outside to play a game of Wiffle Ball. Don’t like the physical play? Coloring, puzzles, and model building are a few ways to play together. Children, grown-ups, learning to play together. Yeah!
Repurpose old toys. Toys don’t have to be used for what they were intended for. Okay, okay, I understand safety. I’m not talking about juggling fireworks (can’t stand ’em). But don’t overlook creative play by repurposing toys. “Wrigley Fielders“ was a game my two sons and I made up when they were eight and ten years old. We thought it was great fun but it also helped with hand-eye coordination and practice catching fly balls for baseball games. In the backyard, I would use a tennis racket and tennis ball. I would hit the ball as high as I could and the boys would take turns “calling it,” (a baseball term for letting your teammates know you would handle catching the fly ball for an out). Like this: “I got it! I got it!” Then we’d take turns being the batter. We’d play for an hour or until it was time for dinner and then we’d go back for more. It was easier on cloudy days because you had a backdrop for the ball…you know, depth…anyway.
Don’t be shy. Be intentional and teach. My daughter Tara and I used to play “Friends.” When she was three through five years old we had toys from her favorite movie (1995) “Toy Story,” and an assortment of stuffed people and animals. Our “friends” included a couple of chickens she named “Huckle” and “Lola” and a cat (Beanie Baby) named “Pet Dog.” I can’t stop smiling just writing that!
We would set up scenarios that could be close to real life. The friends would go to school, go shopping or prepare a meal together. Except for an occasional, and intentional, burp or passing of gas, we tried to teach our “friends” (giggling) proper manners! When it came to baseball, Tara loved to play catch. To add a more physical challenge, we’d practice “turn a run.” She would usually say “make me turn and run! I’d yell “turn and run” while intentionally throwing the ball over her head. She would have to run with her back to me in order to make a Willie Mays-style catch. We still play this game. She’s 25. Here was Mays’ catch. He did it just like Tara does.
Enough examples. You get it. Wait, there is one more. That trampoline. We had countless hours of great fun creating games, telling stories, and having contests on that thing. Since my daughter, Tara was born seven years after my youngest son Brian, they did not always have the same experiences. The boys and I created a game called “Interception” that involved the two of them keeping a football or other ball away from the other while jumping. Tara liked being introduced as if in the Olympics and then would perform high jumps, flips, and twists. I would pretend to be an international judge and she would win a medal…usually gold. But not always. You know, in the interest of keeping it real.
The Challenge: Dear people, my challenge to parents and grandparents: The next toy you make or purchase for a child, ask yourself how you will be interacting with them and that toy. Imagine if action figures will need a special voice, how older toys can be combined with a new one and what scenario could be created to teach manners, problem-solving and laughter. It’s how toys work. Go get your tennis racket and baseball gloves and hit a few “Wrigley Fielders.”
Published by dearpeople06
From factory worker and gas station attendant to VP of Marketing and P.R. Steven VanWagoner is an inspirational speaker, writer, and success guide. For speaking engagements or personal coaching contact us at vanwagoners@gmail.com or 616.318.8949. ENDORSEMENTS: “As radio hosts, we are very careful about who we put on-air on our show. Many people can talk, but few can communicate. Steve communicates. And, he does it in a way that makes the listener feel the story. He is engaging. He is sincere. He is always welcome on our show.” ~ Tommy Dylan - Program Director & On-Air Celebrity, JQ99.3 Holland/Zeeland, Michigan. / / / / / / / / / "... we had an AWESOME day with Steve VanWagoner! He tailored his message on trust and change and it was exactly what we wanted for our team. We are looking forward to having Steve back for a future teambuilding meeting." ~ Kathy- Director of Customer Support, Davenport University Grand Rapids, Michigan. / / / / / / "It's hard to put into words how inspiring Steve is to me personally and also to our audience. Every nugget of wisdom he shares is done with such enthusiasm and conviction that you say "yes! I can do that!" We've had him into our studio to share with our radio audience weekly for over 10 years and I have no doubt that he's impacted their lives as much as he's impacted mine. His messages are life-altering." ~ Brook - Music Director & On-Air Celebrity, JQ99.3 Holland/Zeeland, Michigan. / / / / / / "If you're looking for practical insights wrapped in wisdom and humor, look no farther then Steve VanWagoner!" ~ Rev. Susan Sparta/ / / / / / Steve does a tremendous job of connecting ideas, people and real-life experiences that will amuse and challenge you at the same time. You’ll walk away enthused and inspired! Rick Zeeff-Experienced Leader and Community Well-Being activist./ / / / / / / View all posts by dearpeople06
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Help us to advance our mission
With the generous support of Earth Council Geneva, International Medical Corps will intervene in the village of Bait al Gadabi and provide ceramic water filters and training on their use to each of the approximately 220 households in the village. These ceramic water filters are designed to sterilize the water for a 7 member family for a period of 3 – 4 years (depending on water quality), and are an effective and cost-effective method of assuring access to clean water for the community. International Medical Corps has notable experience distributing these types of ceramic water filters and training recipients in their use, and this intervention will have an immediate benefit in terms of increased access to clean water while also helping make these households more resilient to future environmental shocks.
Syrian Project Aids Refugees
The Earth Council Geneva is well and alive… thank you for your support! TOGETHER WE SAVE LIVES.
This is a report of one of the many projects we have with our partner International Medical Corps (IMC). It is a good example of how Earth Council Foundation funds are well and spent and carefully monitored.
IMC is an excellent partner organization with over 4,750 people (mostly volunteers). Over 90 cents of each dollar donated go directly to help the people in need. More on (www.InternationalMedicalCorps.org).
The project is in line with the strategy the Earth Council Board has established: Hygiene with focus on water management for needy children.
During the past 10 years, hundreds of lives have been saved through the efforts and the participation of the Earth Council Geneva, a not insignificant accomplishment.
I hope to see you in the not too distant future.
Chairman Earth Council Geneva
Reto Braun
Project Summary - Over the last year, the influx of Syrian refugees has put increasing pressure on tented settlements in the Bekaa Valley and the North of Lebanon, which have little to no humanitarian support. These settlements lack adequate access to basic needs such as health care, clean water, food, and sanitation. The most common diseases faced by the Syrian refugees in these tented settlements are exacerbated by lack of water and soap, poor environmental conditions, high population densities combined with a lack of hygiene knowledge, and few resources to treat the diseases. International Medical Corps staff have been heavily involved in the emergency response in the area, and are providing support to the health facilities serving the population, distributing hygiene kits to families, and providing mental health screening, psychosocial support, and consultations.
With quick and generous support from Earth Council Geneva, International Medical Corps responded to improve the situation through the procurement and distribution of hygiene kits and materials, along with health education, which benefitted nearly 9,000 Syrian refugee children and families.
Earth Council Geneva helping Phillipine victims
EARTH COUNCIL GENEVA is helping to provide fresh water to needy people in the Philippines through our partner, IMC.
IMC has sent an Emergency Response Team, with medical staff and water and sanitation experts, to the remote island of Guiuan. They were met by hundreds of people waiting for food, water, and medical care. The devastation is extensive.
IMC doctors started treating patients as soon as they stepped off the airplane, treating people lining the tarmac waiting for assistance at the airport. They treated infected cuts and injuries caused by flying debris. The team is already reporting cases of diarrheal disease due to a lack of clean water, and expect to see an increase in dengue fever, tetanus and measles as well.
The team is making their way to villages on the island where no one has yet sent help, in order to tend to the sick and injured. They will drive as far as then can and then walk.
Syrian Refugee Camps to Receive Aid
Earth Council Geneva has embarked on another venture with the International Medical Corps. There is a significant and urgent need to address some major water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) needs in informal tented settlements in the Bekaa and North of Lebanon. The influx of Syrian refugees (more than 70,000 registered per month, though many choose not to register with the United Nations) has put increasing pressure on these informal settlements and the people are facing numerous health concerns, specifically related to sanitation and hygiene issues. Intervention is urgently needed. Many of these tented settlements have received no support to date.
· In a tented settlement in Miniara in the north sewage has contaminated large areas of the community and the area has since been invaded by a large number of flies. The community has yet to receive any hygiene kits and many of the residents have lice and scabies. International Medical Corps is coordinating with WASH organizations to address the sewage issues.
· In Menieh there is a new tented settlement in the north (100 tents, 300 families), and there are approximately 300 cases of lice and scabies that have not received any medication to address these issues. As the settlement is new they have not received any aid. International Medical Corps has completed health education sessions and is coordinating with UNHCR to address sewage and latrine issues.
· In Dedeh, International Medical Corps health educators visited Al Waha shelter, which is new and has 140 families (935 people). They found 685 children under the age of 15, 250 elderly, and 17 pregnant women. There were 250 cases of scabies infections and it is believed that all residents have lice. International Medical Corps is providing health education and working with WASH actors to address infrastructure issues.
Based on this assessment and others like it from IMC health educators, it is estimated that there are 4,000 new cases of lice and scabies in one area of the north and another 2,000 cases in Baalbek. There is an urgent need to procure more lice and scabies medications as well as hygiene kits to help address these issues. All of these supplies (with ECG’s recent support) will now be provided to communities. First will come thorough explanations on how to use the medications and kits, as well as sessions addressing hygiene issues to prevent further infections. Other topics, including women and children’s health, breastfeeding, etc., will be explained as well. This should a tremendous benefit to the refugees in such dire trouble.
IMC Update 14/9
The most recent letter from the IMC regarding its ongoing partnership with Earth Council Geneva:
Download the letter now in PDF format by clicking here.
IMC Update
Rural Alaska Village Water Program in talks with IMC
Update on the Rural Alaska Village Water Program
EARTHCOUNCIL AND INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CORPS BRING CLEAN WATER TO CHILDREN IN ETHIOPIA
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South West · April 19, 2019
Guide to Visiting Hill House Nursery in Landscove – A traditional family-run Nursery with a Tearoom
Whether you’re an avid horticulturalist or just love mooching round a beautiful garden and then enjoying a delicious lunch or leisurely cream tea, Hill House Nursery is definitely your go-to destination. The family-run independent nursery is a breath of fresh air, compared to the larger rather homogenised garden centres that have become the norm, and offers a number of unusual plants that are grown on site.
How to Visit Hill House Nursery
The nursery is certainly an interesting place to reach by car with all the lanes leading to Landscove being exceedingly narrow, high Devon banks on either side and the odd passing place here and there!
It’s approximately three miles south-east of the popular stannary town of Ashburton and just five miles to the north of Totnes, a bustling historic market town with a Norman castle. So, once you’ve filled up your car with goodies and eaten your way through a wonderful cream tea, there’s a multitude of places to explore within close proximity.
If approaching from the Ashburton direction take a moment to view the glorious South Hams rolling landscape before you descend the steep hill into Landscove itself. Much of the surrounding arable land that you see before you is currently farmed by Riverford Organics.
Hill House Nursery is open daily (including Sundays) from 11.00 – 16.45; and the Tea Rooms are open from March through to September.
Landscove Church and its Mining Community
Landscove is an amalgamation of a number of small hamlets, which until a few decades ago were almost all owned by the Church, including Woolston Green and Thornecroft, which can be seen when approaching from the Ashburton direction. Thornecroft was built, during the 19th century, as one of the mining communities who worked at the Penn Recca Quarries, now disused, and which can be found in the near vicinity.
Penn Recca, also owned by the church, was the only place that slate was ever quarried in Devon and was producing a grey-greenish roofing slate as early as 1388. All the workings, right up until the quarry was no longer in use, are recorded in the Exeter Cathedral Chapter Act Book. The site was abandoned in 1908 and, to this day, is still owned by the Church Commissioners for England.
By the mid-1800s the slate quarry was at its zenith and created jobs for more than one hundred men. Being more than two miles from Staverton church a decision was taken to build another church for the workers and their families. The Church of St Matthew was consecrated in 1851 with roof tiles quarried from Penn Recca and at the same time the various hamlets were amalgamated to become the present-day village of Landscove.
As you can see from the photos St. Matthew’s is literally a stone’s throw from the nursery and can be accessed through the garden. If you have a spare five minutes, it’s worth a quick look around.
The Vicarage
Like much of the land in the area, St. Matthew’s Church and its Vicarage were built on land owned by the Church Commissioners. The benefactor, who also built the adjacent local school for the children in the area, was a Miss Champernowne, owner of Dartington Hall.
Both the church and the vicarage were designed by John Loughborough Pearson (1817-1897), a Gothic Revival architect, who restored and built many ecclesiastical buildings including St. John’s Cathedral in Brisbane and Truro Cathedral. Today the gothic vicarage is a perfect foil when viewing the stunning gardens and an idyllic place to relax and enjoy an afternoon tea.
The vicarage was sold off in the 1960s and came into the ownership of Mary Aylett who was married to the renowned plantsman and garden writer, Edward Hyams.
Edward Solomon Hyams (1910-1975) and Hill House Nursery
Edward Hyams was a multi-talented author and also gardening correspondent to the Illustrated London News, He wrote numerous gardening books as well as on diverse other topics including a book titled – Killing No Murder: A Study of Assassination and even a biography published posthumously about the French anarchist Proudhon!
Probably one of his most well-known books is Soil and Civilisation which is a forward-thinking book about organic farming that was originally published back in 1952.
A talented plantsman and keen advocate of organic gardening, Hyams set about establishing, in the early 1960s, the three acre vicarage garden that today includes numerous unusual plants, shrubs and trees including a rare Pinus Montezuma and a Magnolia delavayi that was given to him by the great crime writer, Agatha Christie. The creation of the garden became the subject of one of his books – An Englishman’s Garden.
Sadly, the Hyams divorced and Mary sold the vicarage. The garden fell into a state of neglect over the years until the property was purchased by the Hubbards in 1981 by which time the Old Vicarage had been renamed Hill House.
Hill House Nursery Today
Raymond and Valerie Hubbard set about restoring Hyams garden to its former glory and then propagating various plants in the garden which over the decades has led to the fantastic nursery that can be seen today.
The nursery has, from the beginning, adopted a Biological Control of plants and also introduced a number of new plants including Nemesia ‘Bluebird’ which has sold in excess of 12 million plants worldwide. It continues to be a family run business and the advice you receive from the staff is second to none. Everybody working on site seems to be truly passionate and knowledgeable about the plants they’re selling, unlike some of the larger garden centres around!
It’s at Hill House that I first discovered the amazing Anthemis Cupiana, otherwise known as Sicilian Chamomile. They have the most amazing specimen near the pond and tea room.
Around every corner, there’s yet another highly unusual treat and all at sensible prices. The analogy of a child in a sweet shop couldn’t be more apt for Hill House and I defy anyone that loves plants to leave empty-handed. It’s far more probable that your poor car will be groaning under the weight of your purchases crammed into it!
In the Spring and Summer months, there’s a cutting garden and simple but stunning bouquets are available to purchase.
Ashburton – An ancient Stannary town, situated on the southern edge of Dartmoor, that is now a vibrant community with lots of independent shops, great places to eat and paradise for antique lovers.
Riverford Field Kitchen – The Organic Restaurant serves fresh locally sourced seasonal food. The whole restaurant is served at the same time and booking is absolutely essential.
Dartmoor National Park – Dartmoor has a wealth of places to visit, from prehistoric monuments to breathtaking scenery and the iconic Haytor.
Totnes – An historic market town situated at the head of the River Dart Estuary. There’s a wealth of independent shops, art galleries and a classic motte and bailey castle that stands proudly above the town.
Where to Find the Best Snowdrops in Devon
Spying Sphinx & Mermaid Carvings in Cheriton Bishop Church
Haytor Quarry and Tramway: Industrial Heritage on Dartmoor
A History and Brief Guide to Avebury Manor
Porlock Weir: A Step Back in Time, Exmoor National Park
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The Sword Smith. New York: Condor Press, 1978.
To the Resurrection Station. New York: Avon Books, 1986.
Daughter of the Bear King. New York: Avon Books, 1987.
A Woman of the Iron People. New York: William Morrow, 1991. Tiptree Award winner. Winner of Mythopoeic Society Award for best adult fantasy.
Ring of Swords. New York: Tor Books, 1993. Winner of Minnesota Book Award for best fantasy & science fiction. Reprinted by Aqueduct Press in 2018.
Tomb of the Fathers: A Lydia Duluth Adventure. Seattle: Aqueduct Press, 2010.
The Grammarian’s Five Daughters. Minneapolis: Minnesota Center for Book Arts, 2005.
Mammoths of the Great Plains. Oakland: PM Press, 2010.
Ordinary People. Seattle: Aqueduct Press, 2005.
Big Mama Stories. Seattle: Aqueduct Press, 2013.
Hidden Folk. Boston: Many Worlds Press, 2014.
Hwarhath Stories. Seattle: Aqueduct, 2016.
MISCELLANEOUS SHORT FICTION
“A Clear Day in the Motor City.” In New Worlds 5. New York: Avon Books, 1973.
“The Warlord of Saturn’s Moons.” In New Worlds 6. New York: Avon Books, 1974.
“Ace 167.” In Orbit 15. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.
“The House by the Sea.” In Orbit 16. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.
“The Face on the Barroom Floor.” With Ruth Berman. In Star Trek: The New Voyages. New York: Bantam Books, 1976.
“Going Down.” In Orbit 19. New York: Harper & Row, 1977.
“A Ceremony of Discontent.” A Room of One’s Own 6, no. 1 and 2 (1981).
“The Ivory Comb.” In Amazons II. New York: DAW Books, 1982.
“Glam’s Story.” Tales of the Unanticipated (Spring 1987).
“Among the Featherless Bipeds.” Tales of the Unanticipated (Winter/Spring 1988).
“A Brief History of St. Cyprian the Athlete.” Tales of the Unanticipated. (Spring/Summer/Fall 1992), http://www.tc.umn.edu/~d-lena/StCyprian.html.
“The Dog’s Story.” Asimov’s Science Fiction (July 1996).
“The Venetian Method.” Tales of the Unanticipated (August 1998-July 1999).
“The Diner.” Tales of the Unanticipated (Autumn/Winter 2008).
“Patrick and Mr. Bear.” Tales of the Unanticipated (2010).
“The Hat Maker of God.” Tales of the Unanticipated (Number 31, date?)
“Ruins.” Old Venus. New York: Bantam, 2015.
“The Scrivener.” Subterranean Magazine (Winter, 2014)
“Telling Stories to the Sky.” Fantasy and Science Fiction (January-February, 2015)
“Daisy.” Fantasy and Science Fiction (March-April, 2017)
“Mines,” Infinity Wars. Oxford: Solaris, 2017
STORIES IN THE LYDIA DULUTH UNIVERSE
“Stellar Harvest.” Asimov’s Science Fiction (April 1999).
“The Cloud Man.” Asimov’s Science Fiction (October/November 2000).
“Lifeline.” Asimov’s Science Fiction (February 2001).
“The Glutton, A Goxhat Accounting Chant.” Tales of the Unanticipated (April 2001-April 2002).
“Moby Quilt.” Asimov’s Science Fiction (May 2001).
“The Lost Mother.” Tales of the Unanticipated (April 2002-April 2003).
“Knapsack Poems.” Asimov’s Science Fiction (May 2002), http://www.asimovs.com/_issue_0401/knapsack.shtml.
“Checkerboard Planet.” Clarkesworld (December, 2016)
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Firefighters Save Man Shocked by Power Lines
December 30, 2010 jimschuster Leave a comment
St. Peter, MN – In what proved to be a brief but emotional event, several members of the Kasota Fire and Rescue Department were honored Wednesday evening for helping save the life of a Nicollet man who was electrocuted on October 20.
Le Sueur County Sheriff Tom Doherty and Chief Deputy Dave Tietz were on hand at the Kasota Community Center for a ceremony to honor John Iverson, Donnie Fromm, Bill Connors and members of the Kasota Fire Department for their efforts in saving Steve Barrer of Nicollet.
Barrer, along with Iverson, had been working on some power lines for the city of Kasota at around 2:45 p.m. when he was electrocuted. Barrer was elevated in the bucket of a boom truck while Iverson was down below when the incident happened.
While on the ground, Iverson looked up and noticed that his co-worker was slumped over in the bucket, possibly due to being electrocuted. Iverson then lowered Barrer down to the ground and removed him from the bucket.
Iverson could tell that Barrer was in full cardiac arrest and immediately began administering CPR on him.
Donnie Fromm and Bill Connors happened to be near by when the incident occurred and noticed there was a problem and quickly responded to where Iverson and Barrer were. Connors called for emergency assistance and monitored Steven’s vitals while Fromm helped Iverson with CPR.
Those three continued to provide medical attention to Barrer until the Kasota Fire Department arrived on scene. Once there, firefighters applied the automated external defibrillator (AED) to Barrer. The AED recycled twice and delivered two external shocks to Barrer, after which his heart began to beat once again on its own.
The firefighters continued to monitor Barrer until the ambulance personnel arrived at the scene. Barrer was later transported by Mayo One Air Ambulance to Regions Hospital in St. Paul where he received care and was released the following day without complications.
“I was advised by rescue personnel that following the shock from the AED that Steven was actually speaking to them before being loaded and air lifted to Regions Hospital,” Doherty said. “I find it amazing that the tools we now have and have had for a long period of time are making the difference between life and death. And the knowledge, training and the willingness to get involved by the public in an emergency situation is incredible.
“I can’t say enough about our fire/rescue and ambulance personnel in Kasota and also throughout LeSueur County that do this on a daily basis without hesitation. Your efforts define the words ‘teamwork’.”
For Barrer, it was obviously an emotional moment for him seeing those responsible for saving his life as he expressed his thanks to each of them after the ceremony.
“I don’t remember anything about that day but eating dinner,” he said during the ceremony.
Kasota Fire Chief Lanny Woods commended his crew for job well done and emphasized how important the work is members of his department do in situations like the one Barrer experienced.
“It’s definitely great to put one in the ‘win’ column for a change,” Woods said. “We’ve had enough bad luck in this town for awhile and it’s nice to see something positive come out of this.”
Kasota Mayor Brett Christensen, whose term expires at the end of 2010, also expressed his thanks for the efforts of those first on the scene and also to his city’s fire department personnel.
“It’s nice to make an exit (as mayor) on such a high note,” Christensen said.
story via St.PeterHerlad.com
Categories: Industrial, Shock Tags: accident, boom, electric, Electrocuted, injury, Kasota Fire, MN, Nicollet, power line, safety, Shock, St. peter, Steve Barrer, Truck, Utility, worker
KS Man Found Electrocuted Near Power Pole
Kansas City, KS – A Miami County man appears to have been electrocuted early today while working at a power pole, authorities said.
The body of Danny Joe Miller, 42, was found at the bottom of a power pole in front of his residence at about 7 a.m. in the 3400 block of W. 399th Street, according to the Miami County Sheriff’s Office.
An aluminum extension ladder was found leaning against the power pole. Miller was found lying at the base of the ladder. An autopsy will determine the cause of death.
Authorities don’t know how long Miller had been dead when he was found. His wife last saw him at about 4:30 this morning when he got home from work.
Investigators said Miller was trying to do something at the power pole, but what exactly they don’t know. Kansas City Power & Light was called to the scene and is doing its investigation.
The case is still open.
Story via TheKansasCityStar.com
Electrical Safety should always be practiced when using ladders. Only qualified persons are permitted to work on electrical equipment.
Categories: Fatalities, Home, Shock Tags: accident, Danny Joe Miller, electric, Electrical, Electrocuted, home, Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas City Power & Light, killed, KS, ladder, Miami County, power line, safety, Shock, Utility
Woman Shocked by sidewalk grate in DE
Prices Corner, DE — A 37-year-old Wilmington woman was hospitalized Monday evening after she was shocked while stepping on a metal grate on Centerville Road.
According to police, the woman and her 14-year-old son were walking on the sidewalk underneath the 141 overpass when she stepped on the grate, exposing a live electrical wire underneath it. The woman was electrocuted and knocked to the ground by the charge, police said. She was able to call 911 on her cell phone and was transported to Christiana Hospital where she was being treated for injuries police say were not life threatening.
Police say the Delaware Department of Transportation made repairs to the area immediately after the 5:45 p.m. incident occurred.
Story via CommunityPub.com
Copyright 2010 The Community News. Some rights reserved
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Categories: Home, Shock Tags: accident, Centerville, Christiana, DE, Delaware, Delaware Dept of Transportation, electric, Electrical, Electrocuted, grate, hospital, injury, metal, Prices Corner, safety, Shock, sidewalk
CA Shocked Killed Trying to Steal Electrical Wire
December 30, 2010 jimschuster 2 comments
PERRIS, CA – A Perris man was electrocuted [blogger’s note: the media has misused the word “electrocution” here as this refers to someone who has died from electric shock. The appropriate word to be used her is “shocked”] during an attempt to steal electrical box wires from a vacant warehouse in the area, authorities said Friday.
Jose Vargas, 30, was found with severe electrical burns on his body when deputies from the Perris station arrived Tuesday night at the 24100 block of Orange Avenue to assist fire officials with a call requiring medical assistance, Sgt. Scott Forbes said.
Forbes said a preliminary investigation shows that Vargas was in the process of stealing the wire from an electrical box when he was electrocuted.
The suspect was airlifted to a local hospital and is being treated for his injuries, Forbes said.
The Perris Burglary Suppression Team is investigating the incident.
Read more: http://www.swrnn.com/southwest-riverside/2010-12-30/news/suspect-electrocuted-during-robbery-attempt-in-perris#ixzz19derUocn
Categories: Fatalities, Home, Shock Tags: accident, burn, CA, copper, electric, Electrical, electrical box, Electrocuted, fatality, Joe Vargas, killed, Perris, safety, Shock, wire
Man Shocked in PA Working on Light Ballast
INDIANA TWP., Pa. — Allegheny County 911 dispatchers said that a 20-year-old man was knocked unconscious after being electrocuted by a light ballast in Indiana Township.
The incident happened at Medrad Inc., around 2 p.m. on Thursday.
Dispatchers said that the man had to be rescued from the roof of a building.
The man was taken to a Pittsburgh hospital in critical condition.
Indiana Township police are investigating the incident
Story via ThePittsburghChannel.com
Categories: Industrial, Shock Tags: accident, Allegheny County, electric, Electrical, Indiana township, Indiana twp, injury, light ballast, Medrad, PA, safety, Shock, worker
Man incarcerated for not complying with court sanctions enforcing OSHA
December 30, 2010 jimschuster 1 comment
The following is not known to be directly related to electrical safety violataions, but was posted as notice of the increasing enforcement of OSHA and repricussions of those who know of hazards and fail to properly warn and protect their workers.
ST. LOUIS, Mo. (MMD Newswire) December 29, 2010 — The U.S. Department of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration today announced the arrest of Brian Andre, former owner of Andre Tuckpointing and Brickwork, and Regina Shaw, owner of Andre Stone & Mason Work Inc., the successor company to Andre Tuckpointing and Brickwork. The Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals in St. Louis ordered their arrest and incarceration for repeatedly failing to comply with court sanctions enforcing OSHA citations that had become final orders of the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission. The two were taken into custody today by authorities.
The order for incarceration stems from Mr. Andre and Ms. Shaw’s failure to comply with sanctions ordered by the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, following the court’s initial ruling of contempt against Andre and Shaw in January 2010.
“Employers who expose workers to hazards and blatantly ignore OSHA citations will not be allowed to escape their responsibility of keeping workers safe – or sanctions levied against them for failing to do so,” said Charles E. Adkins, OSHA’s regional administrator in Kansas City, Mo.
OSHA issued numerous citations from June 2003 to the present, to both the original company and its successor, for willful, repeat and serious violations related to fall hazards, scaffolding erection deficiencies, power tool guarding and other hazards in connection with multiple St. Louis-area projects. When the companies failed to comply with the court’s 11(b) order enforcing the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission’s final orders, the Labor Department’s Office of the Solicitor filed petitions for contempt.
As a result, a special master of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals found Brian Andre, Andre Stone & Mason Work Inc. and Regina Shaw in contempt, and ordered various sanctions including requiring them to pay outstanding penalties, continually accruing interest and other miscellaneous fees in the current amount of $258,582. Andre Stone & Mason Work Inc. and Regina Shaw must pay a $100 daily penalty, calculated from the time of default in early 2008 on the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission’s final orders. Andre Stone & Mason Work Inc. must provide OSHA weekly notification of all current jobs and known future jobs at least 72 hours prior to commencement of work for a period of three years. The company also must provide training to all persons currently and subsequently designated as jobsite “competent persons” prior to beginning any work and provide the department with records of such training.
Under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, employers are responsible for providing safe and healthful workplaces for their employees. OSHA’s role is to assure these conditions for America’s working men and women by setting and enforcing standards, and providing training, education and assistance
Story via MMD Newswire
Categories: Industrial, Legal Tags: Andre Stone & Mason Work, Andre Tuckpointing, arrested, Brian Andre, electric, Electrical, fine, Legal, MO, osha, Regina Shaw, safety, St. louis
Man Electrocuted in Antigua Working on Electrical System
ST JOHN’S, Antigua, CMC – A 34-year old employee of the Antigua Public Utilities Authority (APUA) was electrocuted on Tuesday while assisting with the restoration of electricity following the passage of Hurricane Earl.
A brief statement from APUA confirmed that Colin “Relic” Warner, 34, was part of a four-member crew working in the vicinity of the English Harbour when the incident occurred. APUA said that it would be carrying out an investigation into the matter.
Parliamentary representative for the St. Paul constituency, Eleston Adams said that while Warner “was very familiar with the dangers associated with his job, (he) always placed country above…”
“Colin died in the service that brought joy and safety to others. All whom he came into contact with will miss him,” he added.
Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer said that the passage of Hurricane Earl, a Category Four storm, on Monday, had resulted in no death or injuries in Antigua and Barbuda but had resulted in an electricity blackout as it uprooted utility poles.
Story via Caricom News Network
Categories: Fatalities, Industrial, International, Shock Tags: accident, Antigua, Collin Warner, electric, Electrical, Electrocuted, fatality, killed, power line, Relic, safety, Shock, St. John, St. Paul, Utility, worker
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19th- and 20th-century Caribbean and U.S Latino literatures and cultures; media and popular culture studies; ethnicity and race
M.A. in Visual Anthropology and Fine Arts, Temple; Ph.D. in Comparative Literature, Rutgers. Frances Negrón-Muntaner is an award-winning filmmaker, writer, and scholar. She is the recipient of Ford, Truman, Scripps Howard, Rockefeller, and Pew fellowships as well as a Social Science Research Council and Andy Warhol Foundation grants. She is the editor of several books, including Puerto Rican Jam: Rethinking Nationalism and Colonialism; None of the Above: Puerto Ricans in the Global Era, and Sovereign Acts. She is the author of Anatomy of a Smile and Other Poems and Boricua Pop: Puerto Ricans and the Latinization of American Culture (winner, 2004 CHOICE Award). Among Negrón-Muntaner's films are AIDS in the Barrio, Brincando el charco: Portrait of a Puerto Rican, and War in Guam. She is currently completing various documentaries, including on the intersection of Latino and LGTB social movements, and writing an intellectual biography on Arthur Schomburg. Negrón-Muntaner is also a founding board member and past chair of NALIP, the National Association of Latino Independent Producers, and a co-founder of Columbia University's Latino Arts and Activist archive. In 2005, she was named as 1 of "100 Most Influential Hispanics" by Hispanic Business magazine, and in 2008, the United Nations' Rapid Response Media Mechanism recognized her as a “global expert." She is also the recipient of El Diario/La Prensa's annual “Distinguished Women Award” (2010) and Columbia University's “Most Distinguished Faulty Award” (2012). She directs Columbia University's Center for the Study of Ethnicity and Race there.
Joseph Slaughter has been appointed to the Committee on Global Thought
The Committee on Global Thought welcomes two new faculty members, Nikhar Gaikwad and Joseph Slaughter.
Andrew Delbanco is 2019 recipient of the Lionel Trilling Book Award
The honoree is selected annually by a committee of Columbia College students that recognize faculty members for their contributions to academia and publishing.
Rachel Adams and Branka Arsić have been named as 2019 John Simon Guggenheim Fellows
Congratulations to Rachel Adams and Branka Arsić, who have been named as 2019 John Simon Guggenheim Fellows. Wonderful news, and thoroughly deserved!
https://www.gf.org/news/foundation-news/fellowships-awards-in-the-united-states-and-c
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Geology & Geophysics Project Update
Finding the Gaps in America’s Magnetic Maps
A 2017 executive order mandated a plan to evaluate U.S. access to critical mineral resources, but the airborne magnetic survey maps that support this effort are sadly out of date.
This high-resolution map of magnetic field variations measured over northwestern Minnesota shows many details of the 2.7- to 2.0-billion-year-old geology underlying the cover of glacial deposits. A recent USGS assessment of existing aeromagnetic survey data found that high-quality survey data are available for less than 5% of the United States. Credit: Minnesota Geological Survey
By Benjamin J. Drenth and V. J. S. Grauch 16 April 2019
The helicopter flies back and forth over the high desert, tracing small fluctuations in Earth’s magnetic field with a magnetometer at the end of its wandlike “stinger” attachment and marking the locations with GPS coordinates. Later, scientists scour the magnetic field data for clues to mineral and petroleum deposits, faults, buried lava flows, water resources, and even pipelines and landfills buried beneath the surface of the ground. When the area was first surveyed 40 years ago, data processors recorded approximate locations and drew contour lines on a paper map. This time, using modern best practices, the details can come into focus.
Coauthor Tien Grauch (middle) with the flight crew as they prepare to survey the magnetic field near Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in Colorado. Credit: Benjamin J. Drenth
Aeromagnetic surveys measure the intensity of Earth’s natural magnetic field. From these surveys, we construct maps representing variations of magnetic rock properties and two- and three-dimensional models of the geology of Earth’s crust. High-quality aeromagnetic data are profoundly useful—they help geologists characterize features on the surface and below, providing information directly relevant to geologic mapping and structure, mineral resources, groundwater, earthquake hazards, volcanic hazards, and petroleum resources. Moreover, aeromagnetic data are inexpensive to acquire compared with other types of geoscientific data.
Simply put, aeromagnetic data are foundational for constructing 3-D geologic models that can be used to address society’s geoscientific needs. However, some areas are covered more thoroughly than others. Also, private industries like petroleum and mineral companies often do their own surveys but prefer to keep their most recent and accurate data to themselves.
Cost-benefit economic analyses of national aeromagnetic data programs produce compelling estimates of the long-term return on investment.
It is thus no surprise that many countries in both the developed and the developing world have completed or are working to complete national-scale coverage of publicly available (“precompetitive”), high-quality aeromagnetic data. Cost-benefit economic analyses of such national programs produce compelling estimates of the long-term return on investment [e.g., Indecon International Economic Consultants, 2017].
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has recently completed an assessment of existing, publicly available aeromagnetic data for the United States to identify and prioritize areas that need better coverage. We developed a system for ranking the available data using current best practices, and we created a map that summarizes the current coverage in the United States.
What We Have Now
The U.S. public aeromagnetic data program is managed by the USGS, the agency that acquires, stores, and serves most of these data. The USGS was an early pioneer in aeromagnetic surveys and has been acquiring aeromagnetic data since the 1940s. However, the USGS has been unable to replace older, inadequate data with modern surveys.
Instead, legacy analog data have been digitized, surveys that have inadequate sampling have not been replaced, modern surveys have been acquired only over postage stamp–sized areas (generally <2,000 square kilometers), and these disparate data sets have been merged without the ability to standardize the data to common parameters. As a result, high-quality public aeromagnetic data do not exist for most of the United States, placing the country behind much of the rest of the world.
Ranking the Data
Just how inadequate is the U.S. aeromagnetic coverage? We recently developed an assessment, or ranking, methodology that considers modern best practices for acquisition of aeromagnetic data, common practices in the past, and the suitability of the data to support geologic mapping and other research activities. We ranked the quality of existing aeromagnetic surveys and the corresponding data with respect to three categories: data type, survey specifications, and data issues (Table 1). The three categories were ranked separately for each survey; then an overall rank was assigned on the basis of the poorest category rank, with 1 being the best and 5 being the worst.
Table 1. Criteria Used for Ranking Aeromagnetic Surveysa
Category Rank 1 Rank 2 Rank 3 Rank 4 Rank 5
Data type data acquired digitally with GPS navigation data acquired digitally without GPS navigation rank not given digitized points rank not given
Survey specifications TCb < 152 meters and
ratioc ≤ 2 TC < 152
2 < ratio ≤ 3
152 meters ≤ TC ≤ 305 meters and ratio ≤ 2 TC < 152 meters
152 meters ≤ TC ≤ 305 meters and 2 < ratio ≤ 6 TC < 305 meters
6 < ratio ≤ 12
TC > 305 meters and ratio ≤ 12 ratio > 12
Data issues no significant data issues minor issues that can be resolved or that affect only small parts of the survey area significant data issues, data gaps, and/or poorly known survey parameters unresolvable data issues, large data gaps, and/or unknown survey parameters data unreadable, data format unknown, or data publicly unavailable
aOverall rank for an aeromagnetic survey is determined by the worst rank (largest number) assigned to any of the three categories.
bTerrain clearance.
cRatio of flight line spacing to typical distance above shallowest magnetic sources in the survey area. Thresholds of 152 meters and 305 meters are derived from typical legacy survey parameters for the United States.
Data type. The issue of data type focuses on two considerations (Table 1). The first is real-time GPS navigation, a revolutionary development for aeromagnetic surveys that emerged in the mid-1990s. Surveys flown with GPS have more accurate positioning and thus superior data quality. GPS navigation is required for a rank 1 survey. The second consideration is the presence or absence of digital flight line data, that is, the data that represent the sampling of the magnetic field acquired during the survey. Digital flight line data allow for rigorous quantitative interpretation and are required for rank 1. Unfortunately, many public aeromagnetic surveys flown in the 1940s–1960s are available only as digitized representations of paper contour maps, not digital data points.
Fig. 1. Illustration of terms used in aeromagnetic surveying. The shallowest source depth is defined as the distance from the magnetometer (aboard the aircraft) to the shallowest magnetic sources in the survey area, or the sum of the terrain clearance and the thickness of weakly magnetic cover. Because the source of the magnetic signal in example 1 is buried more deeply than the one in example 2, the appropriate flight line spacing can be greater for example 1 than for example 2. For a survey with a terrain clearance of 100 meters, where 50 meters of weakly magnetic cover overlies the shallowest magnetic sources, the shallowest source depth is 150 meters, and a 2:1 ratio dictates a flight line spacing no greater than 300 meters.
Survey specifications. The proper specifications for an aeromagnetic survey consider two related principles. The first principle is that the lower the terrain clearance of the aircraft (i.e., the closer the magnetometer is to the ground surface) is, the greater the resolution of the data in the direction of flight is, meaning that subtle anomalies related to finer details of the geology are more likely to be captured (Figure 1). Surveys with rank 1 specifications are flown with terrain clearances of 500 feet (~152 meters) or less (Table 1), as permitted by safety and legal airspace restrictions. Many surveys in the database were flown much higher (especially before the 1970s), with an average terrain clearance of 1,000 feet (305 meters).
The second principle is related to the spatial sampling required to produce adequate maps of the magnetic field—how closely spaced are the data points? Maps representing magnetic sources that are near the ground surface require more closely spaced sampling points than those for sources deep underground. Because sampling points are always tightly spaced along flight lines, the critical consideration is how far apart to space the lines to get an accurate representation of sources at different depths. In a classic paper, Reid [1980] showed that the ratio of flight line spacing to the shallowest source depth (Figure 1) is ideally 1:1 for modern analysis, and this ratio should not exceed 2:1. In survey areas where most of the magnetic sources are elongated perpendicular to the direction that survey flight lines are flown, a 2:1 ratio can provide sufficient resolution because signals coming from the elongated sources can be extrapolated between flight lines. Otherwise, a 1:1 ratio is essential to achieve optimum resolution. Rank 1 survey specifications have a ratio that does not exceed 2:1. It is not possible to determine the true magnetic field between flight lines if the line spacing exceeds that threshold.
Data issues. The final criterion considered for the ranking scheme evaluates the presence and severity of problems that commonly plague legacy public data. These problems include data gaps, instrumentation errors, processing errors, and data accessibility problems. Surveys with no significant data issues receive a rank of 1 for this criterion. Ranks 2–5 have increasing severity or number of issues. Determining the severity of data issues can be subjective, depending on an expert’s past experiences in overcoming specific data issues. Thus, some inconsistency in how different experts rank surveys in this category is to be expected.
What the Rankings Mean
Rank 1 aeromagnetic data support the widest variety of geologic studies.
The overall survey rank (Table 1) communicates the quality of aeromagnetic data relative to the standard of supporting both qualitative and quantitative studies of the shallowest magnetic sources that produce short-wavelength anomalies. This standard is important even for geologic studies focused on deeper magnetic sources because the shallowest magnetic sources will produce anomalies in the data. Failure to adequately sample these anomalies will cause problems (often unknown and unnoticed) with interpretation of deeper magnetic sources.
Rank 1 aeromagnetic data can meet these needs in all cases. That is, they were acquired using modern best practices for survey design, meet all modern standards for data type and quality, and support the widest variety of geologic studies. Rank 2 data can meet some of these needs, but quantitative interpretation is handicapped. Rank 3, rank 4, and rank 5 present increasingly difficult, even impossible, challenges to geologic interpretation (Table 2).
Table 2. Suitability of Aeromagnetic Data for Supporting Geologic Studies by Overall Rank
Rank 1 Rank 2 Rank 3 Rank 4 Rank 5
General quality statement meets modern standards and best practices for qualitative and quantitative interpretation good for most qualitative interpretation, quantitative interpretation handicapped useful for qualitative interpretation of large features, generally not appropriate for quantitative interpretation limited use for very broad qualitative interpretation, not appropriate for quantitative interpretation useful only for interpretation of very broad features
Appropriate scale(s) of study from detailed scale (1:24,000; e.g., geologic mapping) to national or continental scales (e.g., studies of midcrust and deeper) from intermediate scale (1:50,000 to 1:100,000; e.g., watershed studies) to national or continental scales (e.g., studies of midcrust and deeper) from regional scale (1:250,000; e.g., regional tectonic studies) to national or continental scales (e.g., studies of midcrust and deeper) from statewide or multistate compilations (1:500,000; e.g., studies of upper crust) to national or continental scales (e.g., studies of midcrust and deeper) national to continental scales (e.g., studies of midcrust and deeper)
Figure 2 is an illustration of the large improvement in resolution of rank 1 over rank 4 data.
Fig. 2. Comparison of rank 1 and rank 4 aeromagnetic surveys for geologic mapping of the Albuquerque Basin near Albuquerque, N.M. In this area, the shallowest magnetic sources (magnetic sediments and volcanic rocks) are at the ground surface, so the shallowest source depth is the same as the terrain clearance. The rank 4 survey is from a 1974 digitized contour map with line spacing of 1,609 meters (m) and average terrain clearance of 621 m (ratio of 2.6). The rank 1 survey is from 1996–1997 data, taken with real-time GPS navigation. Line spacing and terrain clearance are 100–150 m (ratio of 1.0). Color scale is magnetic field strength in nanoteslas. QT is Quaternary-Tertiary; s is alluvium and basin-fill sediments; v is intrabasin volcanic rocks; Mz is Mesozoic sedimentary rocks on the basin flanks; thick black lines represent major basin faults. See Grauch and Hudson [2007] for more details.
A group of USGS experts applied the ranking scheme to every public aeromagnetic data set in the United States to assess the quality of existing aeromagnetic data coverage. This analysis is a national-scale, first-approximation evaluation to be reexamined in detail as future research priorities dictate. The resulting map (Figure 3) reveals that most of the United States requires updated, high-resolution aeromagnetic data.
Fig. 3. Assessment of the quality of existing aeromagnetic surveys for the United States, with rank 1 indicating the best quality and rank 5 indicating the worst. The map results from the ranking scheme applied to each public aeromagnetic survey by Eric Anderson, Ben Drenth, V. J. S. Grauch, Anne McCafferty, Anji Shah, and Dan Scheirer of the USGS.
For example, only about 1% of the lower 48 states is covered by rank 1 data that meet modern standards, and no rank 1 surveys have been flown in Alaska or Hawaii. More than 95% of the country is covered by ranks 3, 4, and 5 data; geoscience studies in these areas are hampered by a lack of supporting information from aeromagnetic data.
An Emerging Urgency
New executive and secretarial orders may spur an effort to acquire rank 1 aeromagnetic surveys across the United States.
The need to improve the nation’s aeromagnetic data has recently taken on greater urgency. Executive Order 13817, “A Federal Strategy to Ensure Secure and Reliable Supplies of Critical Minerals,” implemented by Department of the Interior Secretarial Order 3359, “Critical Mineral Independence and Security,” directs the USGS to develop a plan to improve the nation’s understanding of domestic critical mineral resources. Key parts of the plan include assessing and improving the quality of the nation’s geologic mapping, topographic data, and airborne geophysical data, particularly aeromagnetic data.
So what now? Although efforts to create better databases of existing public data have been largely successful [Finn et al., 2001], past attempts to promote a nationwide, systematic collection of modern aeromagnetic surveys have not gained traction [Hildenbrand and Raines, 1990; U.S. Magnetic-Anomaly Task Group, 1995]. The new executive and secretarial orders may spur an effort to acquire rank 1 aeromagnetic surveys across the United States, now in the planning stages at the USGS.
Carol Finn, Harvey Thorleifson, Rick Blakely, Anji Shah, Suzanne Nicholson, Dan Scheirer, Warren Day, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on this article.
Finn, C. A., et al. (2001), New digital data base helps to map North America, Eos Trans. AGU, 82(30), 325–330, https://doi.org/10.1029/01EO00190.
Grauch, V. J. S., and M. R. Hudson (2007), Guides to understanding the aeromagnetic expression of faults in sedimentary basins: Lessons learned from the central Rio Grande rift, New Mexico, Geosphere, 3(6), 596–623, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00128.1.
Hildenbrand, T. G., and G. L. Raines (1990), Need for aeromagnetic data and a national airborne geophysics program, in Geologic Applications of Modern Aeromagnetic Surveys, edited by W. F. Hanna, U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull., 1924, 1–5, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1924.
Indecon International Economic Consultants (2017), An economic review of the Irish geoscience sector, 91 pp., Geol. Surv. Ireland, Dublin, https://www.gsi.ie/en-ie/publications/Pages/An-Economic-Review-of-the-Irish-Geoscience-Sector.aspx.
Reid, A. B. (1980), Aeromagnetic survey design, Geophysics, 45(5), 973–976, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1441102.
U.S. Magnetic-Anomaly Task Group (1995), Task group plans upgrade of the U.S. magnetic-anomaly database, Eos Trans. AGU, 76(14), 137–140, https://doi.org/10.1029/95EO00072.
Benjamin J. Drenth ([email protected]) and V. J. S. Grauch, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colo.
Citation: Drenth, B. J., and V. J. S. Grauch (2019), Finding the gaps in America’s magnetic maps, Eos, 100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EO120449. Published on 16 April 2019.
Text not subject to copyright.
New Model Shines Spotlight on Geomagnetic Jerks
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Magnetic Anomalies on the Pacific Plate Reveal True Polar Wander
Editors' Vox 21 February 2019
Downhill All The Way: Monitoring Landslides Using Geophysics
Research Spotlight 24 October 2018
A More Detailed Look at Earth’s Most Poorly Understood Crust
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Review: Beneath the Abbey Wall by A. D. Scott
February 7, 2013 Feliza 1 Comment
When newspaper editor McAllister answered the door in the middle of the night, he had no idea what lay ahead of him. The news – that the business manager of the Highland Gazette had died – was only the beginning of a harrowing journey to answer two questions: who murdered Mrs. Smart – and who was she, anyway?
A. D. Scott’s third novel, Beneath the Abbey Wall, takes readers on a journey to the Highlands of Scotland, with moors and glens that make it quite a beautiful journey indeed. Beneath the Abbey Wall is fast-paced and engaging, switching viewpoints between members of the newspaper staff to show many sides of the narrative. The novel primarily follows editor McAllister and reporters Joanne and Rob as they attempt to unravel the mysteries surrounding the life and death of the business manager, Mrs. Joyce MacKenzie Smart.
Most fascinating about Beneath the Abbey Wall is the way Scott manages to entwine a murder mystery with social issues. The concept of social class is difficult for some Americans to understand, as our nation was built on the idea of breaking class roles, but Scott deals with several relationships between people who stretch across social classes, whether those relationships are romantic or simply friendly. Scott also discusses social problems such as domestic violence, suicidal tendency, postpartum depression, and the unlawful displacement of children by welfare agencies by using elements of each issue in her plot.
While Scott is able to weave an engaging tale of murder and intrigue, some issues arise regarding the limits of the novel: its constantly-switching perspective is at times annoying, and some of the characters make such poor decisions that it becomes difficult to like or respect them. Scott’s foreshadowing is interesting and leads readers to suspect something different is afoot, but its ending is unsatisfying and even disquieting to some extent.
Beneath the Abbey Wall is an interesting historic mystery set in 1950s small-town Scotland, an exotic setting unlike any other, and its depiction of Scottish issues – most notably the Traveling people, a specific Scottish clan, and domestic abuse – makes for an interesting read. Its engaging and interesting plot makes Beneath the Abbey Wall worth a look, despite the unsatisfying solution to the mystery of the novel itself.
A. D. ScottBeneath the Abbey Wallbook reviewsbooksmystery
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The Spurs’ Deconstruction of the Heat Is Now Complete
Jun. 16, 2014 , at 9:30 AM
By Ian Levy
Filed under Last Night
Most Valuable Player San Antonio Spurs forward Kawhi Leonard, center celebrates with the team after Game 5 of the NBA Finals against the Miami Heat on Sunday.
Tony Gutierrez / AP
For the fifth time and in one of the most dominating fashions the NBA Finals has ever seen, the San Antonio Spurs won the title on Sunday night. The Spurs beat the Miami Heat, 104-87, their third consecutive double-digit win.
How dominant were the Spurs? San Antonio led the league in per-100-possession point differential during the regular season at +8.1. The Spurs were +13.0 or better in all four of their Finals wins.
The ascension of finals MVP Kawhi Leonard, the decline of Miami’s defense, the battle of the role players going emphatically to San Antonio, Manu Ginobili immersing himself in the fountain of youth — many elements explain this Spurs breakthrough. But perhaps nothing was more important than San Antonio’s ball movement.
As I’ve highlighted before, the Heat play an aggressive, trapping style of defense. If the Spurs maintained composure and continued to swing the ball during the finals, they would stretch Miami’s defense to the breaking point.
That’s exactly what happened.
In the Finals, the Spurs had 127 assists to just 76 for the Heat. Even if we account for their many more made field goals and instead compare the percentage of assisted baskets, the Spurs still have an enormous edge: 66 percent to 45 percent.
More revealing: The Spurs had 42 secondary assists in the series (tracked by the NBA’s SportVU Player Tracking System, these are passes that led directly to an assist). That means that a third of the Spurs’ assists in the series were part of a sequence of two or more passes. Looking at the numbers game by game, we can see the stark difference in the way the Heat and the Spurs went about their business.
The secondary assist percentage shown here is the percentage of each team’s baskets for which a secondary assist was recorded. For the Heat, those numbers dropped off significantly from the regular season, when Miami had an assist percentage of 59 percent and a secondary assist percentage of 16 percent. The Spurs defense was disruptive enough that it forced the Heat toward relying on LeBron James and Dwyane Wade to create offense, often singlehandedly.
One might imagine that the Spurs would have a harder time executing against an NBA Finals-caliber team (not to mention a two-time defending champ) than they did in the regular season. But the Spurs pretty much met their regular season numbers: an assist percentage of 62 percent and a secondary assist percentage of 18 percent. The Heat’s defense wasn’t able to shake the Spurs out of their rhythm, and Miami paid the price, over and over again.
Ian Levy is the senior NBA editor for FanSided.com and the man behind the curtain at The Step Back and Nylon Calculus. @HickoryHigh
NBA (727 posts) NBA Playoffs (149) LeBron James (113) San Antonio Spurs (62) NBA Finals (55) Miami Heat (39) Last Night (22) Dwyane Wade (10)
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Creativity with purpose: PR lessons from Cannes
Earlier this month we held a lively panel discussion about what PR can learn from this year’s Cannes Lions.
Our industry may be on the fringes of this international ad festival, but there’s still a lot that PR professionals can learn from this year’s winners:
Big ideas don’t need big budgets
State Street Global Advisors’ ‘Fearless Girl’ campaign topped the leader board at Cannes and is a fantastic reminder that creativity (and impact) can be achieved without a hefty price tag.
Starting as an offline idea for International Women’s Day, the ‘Fearless Girl’ campaign took the world by storm as a timely, yet permanent, fixture on Wall Street. The idea caught the attention of many and overall, it helped raise awareness for gender equality in the corporate world and drove conversations around female empowerment.
This proves that the quality of ideas does not depend on the size of the budget. Instead of spending more, what really matters is how the campaign impacts the brand’s audience, business and culture.
The search for ‘authenticity’
Authenticity was one of the big buzz words of the week.
Several of this year’s Cannes winners show that, when executed in the right way, campaigns that achieve true ‘authenticity’ and tap into a wider social purpose, can be hugely impactful.
One such campaign was India’s Free a Girl Movement’s School for Justice project. The campaign, a collaborative effort between School for Justice, J Walter Thompson and FleishmanHillard, aimed to bring justice to the survivors of sex trafficking by educating and training survivors to become lawyers, enabling them to prosecute criminals fairly and bring about a positive change to India’s legal system.
Free a Girl Movement’s School for Justice campaign was successful in aligning with cultural relevance, diversity and sensitivity, showing the value of understanding its target audience and relating to them. As a result, child prostitution is now openly discussed in the Indian society and media, and the project has garnered endorsements and high engagement rates.
It’s all about measurement
Finally, Cannes was a timely reminder for us not to take measurement for granted. All of this year’s winners had one thing in common – they showed how their campaign had directly contributed to a business’ bottom line or an organization’s purpose.
The ‘Van Gogh Bnb’ campaign, that took the ‘Creative Effectiveness Grand Prix’ at Cannes, inspired a belief in the correlation between creativity and commercial impact, with its replication of the Van Gogh’s exhibit in the Art Institute of Chicago into a full-scale bedroom for people to stay the night. The campaign displayed immense impact – driving huge global conversation, introducing a younger and broader audience to the museum, and even bringing in short term revenues of up to $4.6m.
Results are sometimes forgotten in the race to come up with a ‘big idea’ but this year’s Cannes winners remind us that the best campaigns have clear KPIs built in from the outset.
In summary, creativity for creativity’s sake is over. Like advertising campaigns, PR strategies need to be purposeful and show tangible impact to be considered a success. This doesn’t necessarily mean big budgets – just big thinking.
See what FleishmanHillard won at this year’s Cannes Lions, here.
Awards, Cannes Lions, Creativity
FH Perspectives: Meet John Saunders
One step closer to Breaking the Ceiling
FleishmanHillard Honored as a Global Leader of Diversity by Break the Ceiling Touch the Sky® 2018 – The Leonie Awards
Global News & Opinions
© 2019 FleishmanHillard
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Culture and craft ehf.
Registration number# 5212110240
-High fashion, designer clothes
Haskolinn a Bifrost ses
IS-311 Borgarbyggd
Bifröst University was founded in Reykjavík in 1918 on the model of Ruskin College, Oxford. Its role
Bifröst University was founded in Reykjavík in 1918 on the model of Ruskin College, Oxford. Its role then, as now, was to educate leaders for business and society. The school was moved to Bifröst in Borgarfjörður in 1955.
-Faculty of Social Sciences
Iceland Academy of Art
Thverholt 11
The Iceland Academy of the Arts was established in 1998. It is a self-governing institution providing higher education in fine arts,
The Iceland Academy of the Arts was established in 1998. It is a self-governing institution providing higher education in fine arts, theatrical arts, music, design and architecture. The Academy is comprised of four deparments: Department of Fine Arts, Depa
-Academies of art
-Drama schools
-Fine art schools
-Photography schools
Skema ehf
University of Akureyri
Nordurslod 2
IS-600 Akureyri
Untitled Document The University of Akureyri (Háskólinn á Akureyri) is located in North Iceland
The University of Akureyri (Háskólinn á Akureyri) is located in North Iceland and has served Akureyri and its rural surroundings since 1987. The university has built a reputation for academic excellence and good industrial relations. It is an international research university which offers many programmes both in undergraduate and postgraduate studies. Located in the capital of North Iceland, Akureyri, the university has been instrumental in the area´s economic growth and is central to the area´s future planning as a knowledge-based society. The university is divided into three schools, School of Business and Science, School of Health Sciences and School of Humanities and Social Sciences. The number of students is around 1750 and members of staff are around 190.
The University of Akureyri (UNAK) is a scientific and academic institute that conducts teaching and research in the academic disciplines of its faculties. It is the largest university outside the capital, with strong ties to industries and various institutions in society.
• UNAK offers a varied selection of study programmes leading to the first university degree, together with advanced studies
in a few disciplines.
• UNAK offers students first rate service through its supportive services, e.g. a library, a computer user service, a computer and
media centre, study counselling and international activities.
• UNAK offers very favourable conditions for its students in the form of new housing for teaching, well equipped computer centres
and good facilities in reading rooms.
• UNAK is a progressive university in the use of information technology and the development of teaching methods, e.g. distance learning.
• UNAK emphasises personal service. Students receive individual instruction and they are encouraged to conduct their own research
and cooperative projects.
• Computer ownership of students is impressive and Internet access is available through the wireless network connection
of the university.
• FÉSTA operates well appointed student housing under its auspices and all students are entitled to apply for accommodation there.
Strategic objectives of the University of Akureyri are: 1. A challenging and personal study environment 2. Active research 3. Active contact with the community 4. International cooperation 5. An efficient organisational unit
RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF AKUREYRI
Research is one of the fundamental aspects of the University of Akureyri. Faculty and students are engaged in both basic and applied research. The focus is on research in UNAK´s selected fields of study and inter-disciplinary studies of the arctic. The objective is to consolidate the position of University of Akureyri in relation to the business community and other collaborative partners in Iceland and abroad. The research work is mostly in the hands of a qualified and experienced academic staff but the administration is in the hands of RHA - UNAK´s Research and Development Centre (www.rha.is). RHA operates to promote research activities and to strengthen the practical cooperation with public and private enterprises.
In addition there are four research institutions that operate with the UNAK:
1. The Icelandic Tourism Research Centre – www.fmsi.is
2. The School Development Centre
3. The Health Science Institute Research
4. The Fisheries Centre
All academic programmes at the University of Akureyri are accredited by the Ministry of Education and Science. The accreditation is based on thorough reviews by three teams of international experts who all recommended to the Ministry that the academic programmes of the University should unconditionally be accredited. Among other things, the accreditation report stated that the university leadership, staff and students share a high degree of motivation to advance UNAK as a strong university.
THE CITY OF AKUREYRI
Akureyri is located in North-East Iceland surrounded by mountains reaching 1000-1500 meters at the head of Iceland´s longest fjord, Eyjafjörður. Akureyri is only about 60 km south of the Arctic Circle, yet summer temperatures can reach 25°C. Winters provide the opportunity to experience heavy snowfalls and the occasional cold day interspersed with calm and still weather.
In 1862 Akureyri was granted its municipal charter; its population was then around 300. Akureyri now has about 17,000 inhabitants, making it the largest community outside the capital area. As the centre of trade and services in northern Iceland, Akureyri has a varied and vibrant economic life. Its facilities for conferences and meetings are among the best in Iceland. The opening of the University of Akureyri in 1987 ushered in the city´s role as a centre of learning.
Sports and leisure activities abound. Akureyri swimming pools are excellent and geothermally heated. There are several gyms, golf courses, sports grounds, and the skiing area is the best in the country. Akureyri is truly a winter sports enthusiast´s paradise. The town boasts an excellent skating rink, superb cross-country skiing trails through an ever-changing landscape, and fantastic slopes for slalom skiers and snowboarders. Several national and inter-national skiing competitions are held there during the winter.
The town´s verdant surroundings have earned Akureyri the name the Green Town. Within the town limits the forested area (Kjarnaskógur) is a popular recreational area both in summer and winter. The area offers a number of walking and cross-country skiing trails. The Botanical Garden is the most northerly one of its kind in the world, with a great number of plants and lowers. This is a particularly popular attraction for tourists. Akureyri lies within easy reach of Goðafoss and Dettifoss and the islands Hrísey and Grímsey, the latter bisected by the Arctic Circle. There is a wide range of accommodation available in Akureyri and the surrounding area. Akureyri offers everything a small city has to offer but still manages to retain its small town appeal.
dr. Eyjolfur Gudmundsson
Sigurdur Kristinsson
School of Business and Science
Ogmundur Knutsson
Arun K. Sigurdardottir
-Biotechnology Studies
-Educational Theory and Practice
-Environmental and Energy Sciences
-Faculty of Business
-Faculty of Law
-Faculty of Life and Environmental
-Faculty of Nursing
-Faculty of Occupational Therapy
-Faculty of Teacher Education
-Fisheries Sciences "
-Health Science
-Media Studies
-Modern Studies
-Natural Resource Sciences
-Nursing
-Occupational Therapy
-Polar Law
-Preschool Education
-Primary and Lower Secondary Education
-Psychology
-Social and Economic Development
-Social Studies
University of Iceland
Saemundargata 2
IS-101 Skagafjordur
-adult education
-Computer courses, common and specific
-Courses and Seminars for dyslexic
-Courses and Seminars, Culture
-Courses for childrens and teenagers
-Courses, practical
-Faculty of Medicine
-Icelandic for foreigners
University of Reykjavik
Ofanleiti 2
Nature of business: The mission of Reykjavik University is to create and communicate knowledge, in order to increase the competitiveness
Nature of business: The mission of Reykjavik University is to create and communicate knowledge, in order to increase the competitiveness of individuals, firms and society as a whole, while at the same time enhancing the quality of life of our students and staff. Our aim is to make Reykjavik University the center for international research collaborations in Europe and across the Atlantic. The university consists of five academic schools: School of Law, School of Business, School of Health and Education, School of Computer Science and the School of Science and Engineering. Reykjavik University is a community of over 3000 students and over 500 full time and part time employees. About half of all instructors at RU are active in Icelandic industry, and about 10% are guest instructors from overseas. Academic programs at Reykjavik University are innovative, based on internationally recognized models, and continually under review and improvement. Today, the University offers almost 700 courses a year, over 500 at the undergraduate level and 160 at the masters level, and thus seeks to meet the needs of students and industry in Iceland and abroad. Reykjavik University will be fully bilingual (English and Icelandic) by the beginning of 2010. The Reykjavik University MBA is an intensive two-year general management program with dual focus – firstly on rigorous training in all aspects of business administration and secondly on developing personal capabilities to make participants effective leaders, innovators and entrepreneurs. A new generation of leaders need both technical business skills and the ability to achieve results in a multicultural setting. Therefore we’ve designed an MBA program with a strong international perspective: All courses are conducted in English and more than 2/3 of the courses are tought by foreign faculty from some of the best European and American business schools.
Agricultural University of Iceland
The Agricultural University of Iceland (AUI), founded 2005, is an educational and research institution in the field of agriculture and environmental
The Agricultural University of Iceland (AUI), founded 2005, is an educational and research institution in the field of agriculture and environmental sciences. The main focus is on the conservation and sustainable use of land and animal resources, including traditional agriculture, horticulture and forestry, environmental planning, restoration sciences, rural development and sustainable development. The AUI awards B.Sc. degrees in these fields, and is entitled to award both M.Sc. and PhD degrees as well as providing vocational and continuing education. The overall objective of AUI is to pursue high quality education in its academic fields supported by competitive nationally and internationally oriented research programs provided by competent and dedicated staff. AUI should also be an active participant in sustainable development of the Icelandic society and represent the country in the global forum in its academic fields.
-University institutes of technology
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Ponseti's Treatment for Congenital Clubfoot (1963)
In 1963, Ignacio Ponseti and Eugene Smoley experimentally determined an effective and minimally invasive method of treating congenital clubfoot. Congenital clubfoot is a disorder in which a newborn’s foot is rigidly turned inwards and upwards. During the early 1960s, orthopedists often relied on invasive surgical procedures to treat clubfoot.
Emma Goldman (1869–1940)
Emma Goldman was a traveling public speaker and writer known for her anarchist political views as well as her opinions on contraception and birth limiting in the late nineteenth century in the United States. Goldman identified as an anarchist, which she explained as being part of an ideology in which people use violence to provoke or demand social and political change. Goldman was involved in many anarchist social groups and published the anarchist magazine Mother Earth.
The Debate over DNA Replication Before the Meselson-Stahl Experiment (1953–1957)
Between 1953 and 1957, before the Meselson-Stahl experiment verified semi-conservative replication of DNA, scientists debated how DNA replicated. In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick proposed that DNA was composed of two helical strands that wound together in a coil. Their model suggested a replication mechanism, later termed semi-conservative replication, in which parental DNA strands separated and served as templates for the replication of new daughter strands.
Chang and Eng Bunker (1811–1874)
Chāng (Chang) and Ēn (Eng) Bunker were conjoined twins in the nineteenth century in the United States, the first pair of conjoined twins whose condition was well documented in medical records. A conjoined twins is a rare condition in which two infants are born physically connected to each other. In their youth, the brothers earned money by putting themselves on display as curiosities and giving lectures and demonstrations about their condition. The Bunker brothers toured around the world, including the United States, Europe, Canada, and France, and allowed physicians to examine them.
The Whelan Method of Sex Selection
The Whelan Method of Sex Selection is a method for increasing a couple’s probability of conceiving an infant of the desired sex through timing intercourse. Elizabeth Whelan, a public health researcher, suggested that couples only have intercourse at specific times during the woman’s menstrual cycle based on whether they wanted a female or male infant. Whelan published her method in her book, Boy or Girl, in 1977.
“Kangaroo Care Is Effective in Diminishing Pain Response in Preterm Neonates” (2003), by Celeste Johnston, Bonnie Stevens, Janet Pinelli, Sharyn Gibbins, Francoise Filion, Anne Jack, Susan Steele, Kristina Boyer, and Annie Veilleux
In the 2003 article “Kangaroo Care Is Effective in Diminishing Pain Response in Preterm Neonates”, Celeste Johnston, Bonnie Stevens, Janet Pinelli, and their colleagues evaluate the effectiveness of the Kangaroo Mother Care position in decreasing the pain response of preterm infants who undergo a heel lance procedure for blood collection. Kangaroo Mother Care is a method of treatment for premature and low birth weight infants that involves exclusive breastfeeding and skin-to-skin contact between a mother and her infant in what is called the kangaroo position.
Twilight Sleep
Twilight Sleep (Dammerschlaf) was a form
of childbirth first used in the early twentieth century in Germany in
which drugs caused women in labor to enter a state of sleep prior to
giving birth and awake from childbirth with no recollection of the
procedure. Prior to the early twentieth century, childbirth was
performed at home and women did not have anesthetics to alleviate the
pain of childbirth. In 1906, obstetricians Bernhardt Kronig and Karl
Gauss developed the twilight sleep method in 1906 to relieve the pain of
Physician researchers Edgar Rey Sanabria and Héctor Martínez-Gómez developed the Kangaroo Mother Program in Bogotá, Colombia, in 1979, as an alternative to conventional incubator treatment for low birth weight infants. As of 2018, low birth weight and its associated complications are the leading causes of infant death, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries where access to technology and skilled healthcare providers is limited. Kangaroo Mother Care is a simple and low cost method for treating low birth weight infants.
The Magdalene Sisters (2002)
In 2002, Miramax Entertainment released The Magdalene Sisters, a film that portrays an interpretation of the true events experienced by four young women who were forcibly placed into a Magdalene asylum in Dublin, Ireland, in 1964. Catholic nuns ran Magdalene asylums throughout the world, where they forced women whom society deemed sexually promiscuous to perform hard labor in their laundry facilities. The film portrays the experiences of four women, Margaret, Bernadette, Rose, and Crispina, as they experienced negative treatment from the nuns and sought escape.
Subject: Outreach
Simone Mary Campbell (1945–)
Simone Campbell is a Roman Catholic sister, attorney, and poet who advocated for social justice, especially equal access to healthcare in the US in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Campbell worked as a lawyer and served the working poor in California. As of 2018, she works for NETWORK, a lobbying group in Washington DC that focuses on broadening access to healthcare by lowering costs.
The ‘Kangaroo-Method’ for Treating Low Birth Weight Babies in a Developing Country” (1994), by Nils Bergman and Agneta Jürisoo
In the 1994 article “The ‘Kangaroo-Method’ for Treating Low Birth Weight Babies in a Developing Country,” authors Nils Bergman and Agneta Jürisoo evaluate the effectiveness of the Kangaroo Care method in treating low birth weight infants at Manama Mission Hospital in Gwanda, Zimbabwe. Low birth weight infants face many medical complications. In developing countries, where the prevalence of low birth weight infants is highest, there is limited access to the technology or skilled personnel required to keep those infants alive.
Barbara Seaman (1935–2008)
Barbara Seaman was a writer, investigator, and advocate for female healthcare rights during the twentieth century in the United States. Seaman’s work addressed the gendered prejudice she observed in the US healthcare system and argued that women of the 1960s lacked the proper tools to make informed decisions about pregnancy care, breastfeeding, childbirth, and contraception. Seaman wrote the book The Doctor’s Case Against the Pill in 1969 to expose the dangers in prescribing and consuming high doses of estrogen in the form of birth control.
Gonzales v. Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. (2007)
Gonzales v. Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. (Gonzales v. Planned Parenthood) was the 2007 US Supreme Court case in which the Court declared the Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003 constitutional, making partial birth abortions illegal. In 2003, the US Congress passed the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act, which prohibited an abortion technique called partial birth abortion. A partial birth abortion is similar to, but not the same as, a Dilation and Extraction or D&X abortion, which is what the Ban was intended to prohibit. Gonzales v.
DONA International (1992– )
In 1992, five maternal-infant health researchers founded Doulas of North America, later renamed DONA International to train certified birth attendants called doulas to provide care to pregnant women both before and after the birthing process. Annie Kennedy, John Kennell, Marshall Klaus, Phyllis Klaus, and Penny Simkin used the term doula, derived from the Greek word for woman servant, to describe a female birthing aide who provides non-medical emotional and physical support to laboring pregnant women.
Milan Vuitch (1915–1993)
Milan Vuitch was an abortion provider in the twentieth century, who performed thousands of abortions in Washington, DC, at a time when abortions were legal only if they preserved the life or health of the pregnant woman. Vuitch was a frequent critic of Washington DC’s anti-abortion law and was arrested multiple times for providing abortions that were not considered necessary to preserve the pregnant woman’s life. After several arrests, Vuitch challenged the law under which he had been arrested, and his case made its way to the Supreme Court in Vuitch v. United States.
The Business of Being Born (2008)
In 2008, Barranca Productions released a documentary called The Business of Being Born, detailing the topic of childbirth. Ricki Lake and Abby Epstein produced and directed the documentary. The documentary explores pregnancy related healthcare in the US, including the history of midwives and obstetrics. The film also discusses potential consequences of medicalized childbirth common in the twenty-first century. The Business of Being Born provides viewers with information about home-births, midwives, and the positive and negative aspects of going to the hospital for childbirth.
David H. Hubel and Torsten N. Wiesel’s Research on Optical Development in Kittens
During 1964, David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel studied the short and long term effects of depriving kittens of vision in one eye. In their experiments, Wiesel and Hubel used kittens as models for human children. Hubel and Wiesel researched whether the impairment of vision in one eye could be repaired or not and whether such impairments would impact vision later on in life. The researchers sewed one eye of a kitten shut for varying periods of time.
Roger Sperry’s Split Brain Experiments (1959–1968)
In the 1950s and 1960s, Roger Sperry performed experiments on cats, monkeys, and humans to study functional differences between the two hemispheres of the brain in the United States. To do so he studied the corpus callosum, which is a large bundle of neurons that connects the two hemispheres of the brain. Sperry severed the corpus callosum in cats and monkeys to study the function of each side of the brain. He found that if hemispheres were not connected, they functioned independently of one another, which he called a split-brain.
David Hunter Hubel (1926–2013)
David Hunter Hubel studied the development of the visual system and how the brain processes visual information in the US during the twentieth century. He performed multiple experiments with kittens in which he sewed kitten’s eyes shut for varying periods of time and monitored their vision after reopening them. Hubel, along with colleague Torsten Wiesel, received the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for that research.
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a technique in which researchers use radioactive isotopes as traceable tags to quantify specific biochemical substances from blood samples. Rosalyn Yalow and Solomon Berson developed the method in the 1950s while working at the Bronx Veterans Administration (VA) Hospital in New York City, New York. RIA requires small samples of blood, yet it is extremely sensitive to minute quantities of biological molecules within the sample. The use of RIA improved the accuracy of many kinds of medical diagnoses, and it influenced hormone and immune research around the world.
"Maternal Thyroid Deficiency During Pregnancy and Subsequent Neuropsychological Development of the Child" (1999), by James E. Haddow et al.
From 1987 to the late 1990s, James Haddow and his team of researchers at the Foundation for Blood Research in Scarborough, Maine, studied children born to women who had thyroid deficiencies while pregnant with those children. Haddow's team focused the study on newborns who had normal thyroid function at the time of neonatal screening. They tested the intelligence quotient, or IQ, of the children, ages eight to eleven years, and found that all of the children born to thyroid-hormone deficient mothers performed less well than the control group.
Muriel Wheldale Onslow (1880-1932)
Muriel Wheldale Onslow studied flowers in England with genetic and biochemical techniques in the early twentieth century. Working with geneticist William Bateson, Onslow used Mendelian principles and biochemical analysis together to understand the inheritance of flower colors at the beginning of the twentieth century. Onslow's study of snapdragons, or Antirrhinum majus, resulted in her description of epistasis, a phenomenon in which the phenotypic effect of one gene is influenced by one or more other genes. She discovered several biochemicals related to color formation.
Edward Drinker Cope's Law of Acceleration of Growth
The Law of Acceleration of Growth is a theory proposed by Edward Drinker Cope in the US during the nineteenth century. Cope developed it in an attempt to explain the evolution of genera by appealing to changes in the developmental timelines of organisms. Cope proposed this law as an additional theory to natural selection.
Rosalind Elsie Franklin (1920-1958)
Rosalind Elsie Franklin worked with X-ray crystallography at King's College London, UK, and she helped determine the helical structure of DNA in the early 1950s. Franklin's research helped establish molecular genetics, a field that investigates how heredity works on the molecular level. The discovery of the structure of DNA also made future research possible into the molecular basis of embryonic development, genetic disorders, and gene manipulation.
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Nightlight Christian Adoptions, et al. v. Thompson, et al. (2001)
Nightlight Christian Adoptions et al. v. Thompson et al. was a lawsuit filed in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia on 8 March 2001. The suit was filed because Nightlight Christian Adoptions, a frozen embryo adoption agency, felt that the Guidelines for Research Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells published by the National Institutes for Health were unlawful and violated the restrictions on human embryo research put into place by the Dickey-Wicker Amendment. Additional plaintiffs with this suit were the Christian Medical Association, adult stem cell researcher Dr.
Cord blood banks are institutions designed to store umbilical cord blood (UCB) stem cells. UCB, a source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), has garnered attention from scientific and medical communities since its first successful use in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) in 1988. The umbilical cord is the lifeline by which the growing fetus is nourished by the mother. Once regarded as medical waste, the umbilical cord has become a source of lifesaving treatment.
The Effects of Bisphenol A on Embryonic Development
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic compound that was first synthesized by Aleksandr Dianin, a Russian chemist from St. Petersburg, in 1891. The chemical nomenclature of BPA is 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane. The significance of this synthesized compound did not receive much attention until 1936, when two biochemists interested in endocrinology, Edward Dodds and William Lawson, discovered its ability to act as an estrogen agonist in ovariectomized, estrogen-deficient rats.
Father Frank Pavone (1959- )
Father Frank Pavone, a key proponent of the Roman Catholic Church's pro-life movement, has devoted his life's work to ending abortion, euthanasia, embryonic stem cell research, and other techniques and procedures that he believes threaten human life from conception to death. His contributions to the pro-life movement include founding a new religious order called the Missionaries of the Gospel of Life and participating in high-profile protests and television interviews for the pro-life cause.
Effect of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Radial Glial Cells
Prenatal alcohol (ethanol) exposure can have dramatic effects on the development of the central nervous system (CNS), including morphological abnormalities and an overall reduction in white matter of the brain. The impact of ethanol on neural stem cells such as radial glia (RG) has proven to be a significant cause of these defects, interfering with the creation and migration of neurons and glial cells during development.
Robert Geoffrey Edwards and Patrick Christopher Steptoe's Clinical Research in Human in vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer, 1969-1980
The biomedical accomplishment of human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) took years to become the successful technique that presently enables infertile couples to have their own children. In 1969, more than ten years after the first attempts to treat infertilities with IVF technologies, the British developmental biologist Robert Geoffrey Edwards fertilized human oocytes in a Petri dish for the first time.
Mitochondrial Diseases in Humans
Mitochondrial diseases in humans result when the small organelles called mitochondria, which exist in all human cells, fail to function normally. The mitochondria contain their own mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) separate from the cell's nuclear DNA (nDNA). The main function of mitochondria is to produce energy for the cell. They also function in a diverse set of mechanisms such as calcium hemostasis, cell signaling, regulation of programmed cell death (apoptosis), and biosynthesis of heme proteins that carry oxygen.
An Atlas of Fertilization and Karyokinesis of the Ovum (1895), by Edmund Beecher Wilson
Edmund Beecher Wilson in the US published An Atlas of Fertilization and Karyokinesis of the Ovum (hereafter called An Atlas) in 1895. The book presents photographs by photographer Edward Leaming that capture stages of fertilization, the fusion of sperm and egg and early development of sea urchin (Toxopneustes variegatus) ova, or egg cell. Prior to An Atlas, no one photographed of eggcell division in clear detail. Wilson obtained high quality images of egg cells by cutting the cells into thin sections and preserving them throughout different stages of development.
Robert Geoffrey Edwards's Study of in vitro Mammalian Oocyte Maturation, 1960 to 1965
In a series of experiments between 1960 and 1965, Robert Geoffrey Edwards discovered how to make mammalian egg cells, or oocytes, mature outside of a female's body. Edwards, working at several research institutions in the UK during this period, studied in vitro fertilization (IVF) methods. He measured the conditions and timings for in vitro (out of the body) maturation of oocytes from diverse mammals including mice, rats, hamsters, pigs, cows, sheep, and rhesus monkeys, as well as humans.
Cocaine as a Teratogen
Cocaine use by pregnant women has a variety of effects on the embryo and fetus, ranging from various gastro-intestinal and cardiac defects to tissue death from insufficient blood supply. Thus, cocaine has been termed a teratogen, or an agent that causes defects in fetuses during prenatal development. Cocaine is one of the most commonly used drugs in the US and it has a history of both medical and illegal recreational use. It is a drug capable of a wide array of effects on physical and mental health.
China's First Baby Conceived through In Vitro Fertilization-Embryonic Transfer, by Zhang Lizhu's Research Team
On 10 March 1988, China's first baby conceived through human in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET), commonly referred to as a test-tube baby, was born at the Peking Hospital (PUTH) in Beijing. This birth was reported in numerous media reports as a huge step forward in China's long march to keep pace with global advances in science and technology. Led by gynecologist Zhang Lizhu, the PUTH research team had devoted more than four years to the human IVF-ET project.
Robert Geoffrey Edwards (1925-2013)
Robert Geoffrey Edwards worked with Patrick Christopher Steptoe to develop in-vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques during the 1960s and 1970s in the United Kingdom. Louise Brown, the world' s first "test-tube baby," was born as a result of Edwards and Steptoe's IVF techniques in 1978, and since then more than four million children have been born using IVF techniques. Publicity and controversy accompanied Edwards and Steptoe's work as conservative religious institutions expressed concern over the morality of the IVF procedure.
Facial Abnormalities of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Prenatal exposure to alcohol (ethanol) results in a continuum of physical, neurological, behavioral, and learning defects collectively grouped under the heading Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) was first defined in 1973 as a condition characterized by pre- and postnatal growth deficiencies, facial abnormalities, and defects of the central nervous system. The pattern of facial defects that occur as a result of ethanol exposure during development primarily affects the midline of the face, altering morphology of the eyes, nose, and lips.
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AMCS news
AMCS technology brings significant improvements to your business. A statement we prove to be true every day. Innovations, redefining the ‘Tailored to Waste’ experience with its optimised accuracy and efficiency. Stay tuned and read all about it in this news section
Spelthorne improves routing with new AMCS service
AMCS, the world’s leading supplier of resource management software and on-vehicle technology for the waste and recycling sector, has been selected by Spelthorne Borough Council to undertake a route optimization project across all the Borough’s kerbside collection services.
The project is one of the first to utilize AMCS’ new Route Optimization Consultancy Service, which has been shown to deliver reductions of up to 30% in CO2 emissions, mileage and driving time. The ability to increase the productivity of the fleet can also help reduce its size by up to 15% and support future fleet planning.
Commenting on their decision to use AMCS’ Route Optimization Consultancy Service, Jackie Taylor, Head of Streetscene, Spelthorne Borough Council said: “After reviewing the market, we chose to work with AMCS for our route optimization needs as it was the best fit in terms of solution and service to match our requirements. The service will enable us to balance the workload of all our rounds and future proof the service for new building developments whilst realizing the operational and commercial benefits of improved routing.”
AMCS’ Key Account Manager, Pat Murray, said: “This outsourced service is highly cost effective and also minimizes the impact on what are often already stretched resources. Customers simply provide us with their existing route data, which is then run through our Route Optimizer and returned in a pre-agreed format ready for upload back in to their operational system. There is no need to upload any software or undertake any training and the whole project can be completed in just a few days.”
Spelthorne is a local government district and borough in Surrey, England. It contains the towns and villages of Ashford, Laleham, Shepperton, Staines-upon-Thames, Stanwell and Sunbury-on-Thames and has a population of approximately 100,000 residents.
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(Redirected from Boeing 747-200B)
The Boeing 747 is an American wide-body commercial jet airliner and cargo aircraft. The first wide-body airplane produced, it was the first plane dubbed a "Jumbo Jet". Its distinctive hump upper deck along the forward part of the aircraft has made it one of the most recognizable aircraft[7]. Manufactured by Boeing's Commercial Airplane unit in the United States, the 747 was originally planned to have 150 percent greater capacity than the Boeing 707,[8] a common large commercial aircraft of the 1960s. First flown commercially in 1970, the 747 held the passenger capacity record for 37 years.[9]
Boeing 747-100 of Pan American World Airways, the 747's launch customer, in September 1978
Wide-body jet airliner
February 9, 1969[1]
January 22, 1970, with Pan American World Airways[2][3]
Primary users
1,551 as of May 2019[update][4]
US$1B in 1968[5](7.2B today)
-100 US$24M[6](1972, 143.8M today)
-200 US$39M (1976, 171.7M today)
Boeing 747SP
Boeing VC-25
Boeing E-4
Developed into
Boeing YAL-1
Boeing Dreamlifter
The quadjet 747 uses a double-deck configuration for part of its length and is available in passenger, freighter, and other versions. Boeing designed the 747's hump-like upper deck to serve as a first-class lounge or extra seating, and to allow the aircraft to be easily converted to a cargo carrier by removing seats and installing a front cargo door. Boeing expected supersonic airliners—the development of which was announced in the early 1960s—to render the 747 and other subsonic airliners obsolete, while the demand for subsonic cargo aircraft would remain robust well into the future.[10] Though the 747 was expected to become obsolete after 400 were sold,[11] production passed 1,000 in 1993.[12] By May 2019, 1,551 aircraft had been built, with 21 of the 747-8 variants remaining on order.[4] As of January 2017[update], 60 of the jets have been lost in accidents in which a total of 3,722 people died.[13]
The 747-400, the most common variant in service, has a high-subsonic cruise speed of Mach 0.85–0.855 (up to 570 mph or 920 km/h) with an intercontinental range of 7,260 nautical miles (8,350 statute miles or 13,450 km).[14] The 747-400 can carry 416 passengers in a typical three-class layout, 524 passengers in a typical two-class layout, or 660 passengers in a high–density one-class configuration.[15] The newest version of the aircraft, the 747-8, is in production and received certification in 2011. Deliveries of the 747-8F freighter version began in October 2011; deliveries of the 747-8I passenger version began in May 2012.
In 1963, the United States Air Force started a series of study projects on a very large strategic transport aircraft. Although the C-141 Starlifter was being introduced, officials believed that a much larger and more capable aircraft was needed, especially to carry cargo that would not fit in any existing aircraft. These studies led to initial requirements for the CX-Heavy Logistics System (CX-HLS) in March 1964 for an aircraft with a load capacity of 180,000 pounds (81,600 kg) and a speed of Mach 0.75 (500 mph or 800 km/h), and an unrefueled range of 5,000 nautical miles (9,300 km) with a payload of 115,000 pounds (52,200 kg). The payload bay had to be 17 feet (5.18 m) wide by 13.5 feet (4.11 m) high and 100 feet (30 m) long with access through doors at the front and rear.[16]
The desire to keep the number of engines to four required new engine designs with greatly increased power and better fuel economy. In May 1964, airframe proposals arrived from Boeing, Douglas, General Dynamics, Lockheed, and Martin Marietta; engine proposals were submitted by General Electric, Curtiss-Wright, and Pratt & Whitney. Boeing, Douglas, and Lockheed were given additional study contracts for the airframe, along with General Electric and Pratt & Whitney for the engines.[16]
The airframe proposals shared a number of features. As the CX-HLS needed to be able to be loaded from the front, a door had to be included where the cockpit usually was. All of the companies solved this problem by moving the cockpit above the cargo area; Douglas had a small "pod" just forward and above the wing, Lockheed used a long "spine" running the length of the aircraft with the wing spar passing through it, while Boeing blended the two, with a longer pod that ran from just behind the nose to just behind the wing.[17][18] In 1965, Lockheed's aircraft design and General Electric's engine design were selected for the new C-5 Galaxy transport, which was the largest military aircraft in the world at the time.[16] The nose door and raised cockpit concepts would be carried over to the design of the 747.[19]
Airliner proposal
The 747 was conceived while air travel was increasing in the 1960s.[20] The era of commercial jet transportation, led by the enormous popularity of the Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8, had revolutionized long-distance travel.[20][21] Even before it lost the CX-HLS contract, Boeing was asked by Juan Trippe, president of Pan American World Airways (Pan Am), one of their most important airline customers, to build a passenger aircraft more than twice the size of the 707. During this time, airport congestion, worsened by increasing numbers of passengers carried on relatively small aircraft, became a problem that Trippe thought could be addressed by a larger new aircraft.[22]
In 1965, Joe Sutter was transferred from Boeing's 737 development team to manage the design studies for the new airliner, already assigned the model number 747.[23] Sutter began a design study with Pan Am and other airlines, to better understand their requirements. At the time, it was widely thought that the 747 would eventually be superseded by supersonic transport aircraft.[24] Boeing responded by designing the 747 so that it could be adapted easily to carry freight and remain in production even if sales of the passenger version declined. In the freighter role, the clear need was to support the containerized shipping methodologies that were being widely introduced at about the same time. Standard shipping containers are 8 ft (2.4 m) square at the front (slightly higher due to attachment points) and available in 20 and 40 ft (6.1 and 12 m) lengths. This meant that it would be possible to support a 2-wide 2-high stack of containers two or three ranks deep with a fuselage size similar to the earlier CX-HLS project.
An Iran Air 747-200, showing the early-production 747 cockpit, located on the upper deck
In April 1966, Pan Am ordered 25 747-100 aircraft for US$525 million. During the ceremonial 747 contract-signing banquet in Seattle on Boeing's 50th Anniversary, Juan Trippe predicted that the 747 would be "... a great weapon for peace, competing with intercontinental missiles for mankind's destiny".[25] As launch customer,[1][26] and because of its early involvement before placing a formal order, Pan Am was able to influence the design and development of the 747 to an extent unmatched by a single airline before or since.[27]
Design effort
Ultimately, the high-winged CX-HLS Boeing design was not used for the 747, although technologies developed for their bid had an influence.[28] The original design included a full-length double-deck fuselage with eight-across seating and two aisles on the lower deck and seven-across seating and two aisles on the upper deck.[29][30] However, concern over evacuation routes and limited cargo-carrying capability caused this idea to be scrapped in early 1966 in favor of a wider single deck design.[1] The cockpit was, therefore, placed on a shortened upper deck so that a freight-loading door could be included in the nose cone; this design feature produced the 747's distinctive "bulge".[31] In early models it was not clear what to do with the small space in the pod behind the cockpit, and this was initially specified as a "lounge" area with no permanent seating.[32] (A different configuration that had been considered in order to keep the flight deck out of the way for freight loading had the pilots below the passengers, and was dubbed the "anteater".)[33]
The Pratt & Whitney JT9D high-bypass turbofan engine was developed for the 747.
One of the principal technologies that enabled an aircraft as large as the 747 to be drawn up was the high-bypass turbofan engine.[34] The engine technology was thought to be capable of delivering double the power of the earlier turbojets while consuming one–third less fuel. General Electric had pioneered the concept but was committed to developing the engine for the C-5 Galaxy and did not enter the commercial market until later.[35][36] Pratt & Whitney was also working on the same principle and, by late 1966, Boeing, Pan Am and Pratt & Whitney agreed to develop a new engine, designated the JT9D to power the 747.[36]
The project was designed with a new methodology called fault tree analysis, which allowed the effects of a failure of a single part to be studied to determine its impact on other systems.[1] To address concerns about safety and flyability, the 747's design included structural redundancy, redundant hydraulic systems, quadruple main landing gear and dual control surfaces.[37] Additionally, some of the most advanced high-lift devices used in the industry were included in the new design, to allow it to operate from existing airports. These included slats running almost the entire length of the wing, as well as complex three-part slotted flaps along the trailing edge of the wing.[38] The wing's complex three-part flaps increase wing area by 21 percent and lift by 90 percent when fully deployed compared to their non-deployed configuration.[39]
Boeing agreed to deliver the first 747 to Pan Am by the end of 1969. The delivery date left 28 months to design the aircraft, which was two-thirds of the normal time.[40] The schedule was so fast-paced that the people who worked on it were given the nickname "The Incredibles".[41] Developing the aircraft was such a technical and financial challenge that management was said to have "bet the company" when it started the project.[1]
Production plant
747 final assembly at the Boeing Everett Factory
As Boeing did not have a plant large enough to assemble the giant airliner, they chose to build a new plant. The company considered locations in about 50 cities,[42] and eventually decided to build the new plant some 30 miles (50 km) north of Seattle on a site adjoining a military base at Paine Field near Everett, Washington.[43] It bought the 780-acre (320 ha) site in June 1966.[44]
Developing the 747 had been a major challenge, and building its assembly plant was also a huge undertaking. Boeing president William M. Allen asked Malcolm T. Stamper, then head of the company's turbine division, to oversee construction of the Everett factory and to start production of the 747.[45] To level the site, more than four million cubic yards (three million cubic meters) of earth had to be moved.[46] Time was so short that the 747's full-scale mock-up was built before the factory roof above it was finished.[47] The plant is the largest building by volume ever built, and has been substantially expanded several times to permit construction of other models of Boeing wide-body commercial jets.[43]
Development and testing
The prototype 747 was first displayed to the public on September 30, 1968.
Before the first 747 was fully assembled, testing began on many components and systems. One important test involved the evacuation of 560 volunteers from a cabin mock-up via the aircraft's emergency chutes. The first full-scale evacuation took two and a half minutes instead of the maximum of 90 seconds mandated by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and several volunteers were injured. Subsequent test evacuations achieved the 90-second goal but caused more injuries. Most problematic was evacuation from the aircraft's upper deck; instead of using a conventional slide, volunteer passengers escaped by using a harness attached to a reel.[48] Tests also involved taxiing such a large aircraft. Boeing built an unusual training device known as "Waddell's Wagon" (named for a 747 test pilot, Jack Waddell) that consisted of a mock-up cockpit mounted on the roof of a truck. While the first 747s were still being built, the device allowed pilots to practice taxi maneuvers from a high upper-deck position.[49]
On September 30, 1968, the first 747 was rolled out of the Everett assembly building before the world's press and representatives of the 26 airlines that had ordered the airliner.[50] Over the following months, preparations were made for the first flight, which took place on February 9, 1969, with test pilots Jack Waddell and Brien Wygle at the controls[51][52] and Jess Wallick at the flight engineer's station. Despite a minor problem with one of the flaps, the flight confirmed that the 747 handled extremely well. The 747 was found to be largely immune to "Dutch roll", a phenomenon that had been a major hazard to the early swept-wing jets.[53]
Closeup of the prototype 747's 16-wheel main landing gear
During later stages of the flight test program, flutter testing showed that the wings suffered oscillation under certain conditions. This difficulty was partly solved by reducing the stiffness of some wing components. However, a particularly severe high-speed flutter problem was solved only by inserting depleted uranium counterweights as ballast in the outboard engine nacelles of the early 747s.[54] This measure caused anxiety when these aircraft crashed, for example El Al Flight 1862 at Amsterdam in 1992 with 282 kilograms (622 lb) of uranium in the tailplane (horizontal stabilizer).[55][56]
The flight test program was hampered by problems with the 747's JT9D engines. Difficulties included engine stalls caused by rapid throttle movements and distortion of the turbine casings after a short period of service.[57] The problems delayed 747 deliveries for several months; up to 20 aircraft at the Everett plant were stranded while awaiting engine installation.[58] The program was further delayed when one of the five test aircraft suffered serious damage during a landing attempt at Renton Municipal Airport, site of the company's Renton factory. On December 13, 1969 a test aircraft was being taken to have test equipment removed and a cabin installed when pilot Ralph C. Cokely undershot the airport's short runway. The 747's right, outer landing gear was torn off and two engine nacelles were damaged.[59][60] However, these difficulties did not prevent Boeing from taking a test aircraft to the 28th Paris Air Show in mid-1969, where it was displayed to the public for the first time.[61] The 747 received its FAA airworthiness certificate in December 1969, clearing it for introduction into service.[62]
First Lady Pat Nixon ushered in the era of jumbo jets by christening the first commercial 747 at a ceremony at Dulles International Airport on January 15, 1970 (top); the First Lady then climbed aboard and visited the cockpit (below).
The huge cost of developing the 747 and building the Everett factory meant that Boeing had to borrow heavily from a banking syndicate. During the final months before delivery of the first aircraft, the company had to repeatedly request additional funding to complete the project. Had this been refused, Boeing's survival would have been threatened.[26][63] The firm's debt exceeded $2 billion, with the $1.2 billion owed to the banks setting a record for all companies. Allen later said, "It was really too large a project for us."[64] Ultimately, the gamble succeeded, and Boeing held a monopoly in very large passenger aircraft production for many years.[65]
Entry into service
On January 15, 1970, First Lady of the United States Pat Nixon christened Pan Am's first 747, at Dulles International Airport (later Washington Dulles International Airport) in the presence of Pan Am chairman Najeeb Halaby. Instead of champagne, red, white, and blue water was sprayed on the aircraft. The 747 entered service on January 22, 1970, on Pan Am's New York–London route;[66] the flight had been planned for the evening of January 21, but engine overheating made the original aircraft unusable. Finding a substitute delayed the flight by more than six hours to the following day when Clipper Victor was used.[2]
On the 747-100 and 747-200, a spiral staircase connected the main and upper decks. Previously, Boeing used a spiral staircase in its Model 377 Stratocruiser in 1946.
The 747 enjoyed a fairly smooth introduction into service, overcoming concerns that some airports would not be able to accommodate an aircraft that large.[67] Although technical problems occurred, they were relatively minor and quickly solved.[68] After the aircraft's introduction with Pan Am, other airlines that had bought the 747 to stay competitive began to put their own 747s into service.[69] Boeing estimated that half of the early 747 sales were to airlines desiring the aircraft's long range rather than its payload capacity.[70][71] While the 747 had the lowest potential operating cost per seat, this could only be achieved when the aircraft was fully loaded; costs per seat increased rapidly as occupancy declined. A moderately loaded 747, one with only 70 percent of its seats occupied, used more than 95 percent of the fuel needed by a fully occupied 747.[72] Nonetheless, many flag-carriers purchased the 747 due to its prestige "even if it made no sense economically" to operate. During the 1970s and 1980s, there was often over 30 regularly scheduled 747s at John F. Kennedy International Airport.[73]
The recession of 1969-1970 greatly affected Boeing. For the year and a half after September 1970 it only sold two 747s in the world, and did not sell any to an American carrier for almost three years.[64] When economic problems in the US and other countries after the 1973 oil crisis led to reduced passenger traffic, several airlines found they did not have enough passengers to fly the 747 economically, and they replaced them with the smaller and recently introduced McDonnell Douglas DC-10 and Lockheed L-1011 TriStar trijet wide bodies[74] (and later the 767 and A300/A310 twinjets). Having tried replacing coach seats on its 747s with piano bars in an attempt to attract more customers, American Airlines eventually relegated its 747s to cargo service and in 1983 exchanged them with Pan Am for smaller aircraft;[75] Delta Air Lines also removed its 747s from service after several years.[76] Later, Delta acquired 747s again in 2008 as part of its merger with Northwest Airlines, although it retired the 747-400 fleet in December 2017.[77]
Later 747 models featured a stretched upper deck.
International flights bypassing traditional hub airports and landing at smaller cities became more common throughout the 1980s, thus eroding the 747's original market.[78] Many international carriers continued to use the 747 on Pacific routes.[79] In Japan, 747s on domestic routes were configured to carry nearly the maximum passenger capacity.[80]
Improved 747 versions
After the initial 747-100, Boeing developed the -100B, a higher maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) variant, and the -100SR (Short Range), with higher passenger capacity.[81] Increased maximum takeoff weight allows aircraft to carry more fuel and have longer range.[82] The -200 model followed in 1971, featuring more powerful engines and a higher MTOW. Passenger, freighter and combination passenger-freighter versions of the -200 were produced.[81] The shortened 747SP (special performance) with a longer range was also developed, and entered service in 1976.[83]
The 747 line was further developed with the launch of the 747-300 in 1980. The 300 series resulted from Boeing studies to increase the seating capacity of the 747, during which modifications such as fuselage plugs and extending the upper deck over the entire length of the fuselage were rejected. The first 747-300, completed in 1983, included a stretched upper deck, increased cruise speed, and increased seating capacity. The -300 variant was previously designated 747SUD for stretched upper deck, then 747-200 SUD,[84] followed by 747EUD, before the 747-300 designation was used.[85] Passenger, short range and combination freighter-passenger versions of the 300 series were produced.[81]
The 747-400 entered service in 1989, with its Launch Customer Northwest Airlines along with Qantas, Singapore Airlines and other airlines.
In 1985, development of the longer range 747-400 began.[86] The variant had a new glass cockpit, which allowed for a cockpit crew of two instead of three,[87] new engines, lighter construction materials, and a redesigned interior. Development cost soared, and production delays occurred as new technologies were incorporated at the request of airlines. Insufficient workforce experience and reliance on overtime contributed to early production problems on the 747-400.[1] The -400 entered service in 1989.[88]
In 1991, a record-breaking 1,087 passengers were airlifted aboard a 747 to Israel as part of Operation Solomon.[89] The 747 remained the heaviest commercial aircraft in regular service until the debut of the Antonov An-124 Ruslan in 1982; variants of the 747-400 surpassed the An-124's weight in 2000. The Antonov An-225 Mriya cargo transport, which debuted in 1988, remains the world's largest aircraft by several measures (including the most accepted measures of maximum takeoff weight and length); one aircraft has been completed and is in service as of 2017[update]. The Scaled Composites Stratolaunch is the currently the largest aircraft by wingspan. [90]
Further developments
Since the arrival of the 747-400, several stretching schemes for the 747 have been proposed. Boeing announced the larger 747-500X and -600X preliminary designs in 1996.[91] The new variants would have cost more than US$5 billion to develop,[91] and interest was not sufficient to launch the program.[92] In 2000, Boeing offered the more modest 747X and 747X stretch derivatives as alternatives to the Airbus A3XX. However, the 747X family was unable to attract enough interest to enter production. A year later, Boeing switched from the 747X studies to pursue the Sonic Cruiser,[93] and after the Sonic Cruiser program was put on hold, the 787 Dreamliner.[94] Some of the ideas developed for the 747X were used on the 747-400ER, a longer range variant of the 747-400.[95]
747-400 main deck economy class seating in 3–4–3 layout
After several variants were proposed but later abandoned, some industry observers became skeptical of new aircraft proposals from Boeing.[96] However, in early 2004, Boeing announced tentative plans for the 747 Advanced that were eventually adopted. Similar in nature to the 747-X, the stretched 747 Advanced used technology from the 787 to modernize the design and its systems. The 747 remained the largest passenger airliner in service until the Airbus A380 began airline service in 2007.[97]
On November 14, 2005, Boeing announced it was launching the 747 Advanced as the Boeing 747-8.[98] The last 747-400s were completed in 2009.[99] As of 2011[update], most orders of the 747-8 have been for the freighter variant. On February 8, 2010, the 747-8 Freighter made its maiden flight.[100] The first delivery of the 747-8 went to Cargolux in 2011.[101][102] The 1,500th produced Boeing 747 was delivered in June 2014.[103]
A Lufthansa 747-8
In January 2016, Boeing stated it was reducing 747-8 production to six a year beginning in September 2016, incurring a $569 million post-tax charge against its fourth-quarter 2015 profits. At the end of 2015, the company had 20 orders outstanding.[104][105] On January 29, 2016, Boeing announced that it had begun the preliminary work on the modifications to a commercial 747-8 for the next Air Force One Presidential aircraft, expected to be operational by 2020.[106]
On July 12, 2016, Boeing announced that it had finalized terms of acquisition with Volga-Dnepr Group for 20 747-8 freighters, valued at $7.58 billion at list prices. Four aircraft were delivered beginning in 2012. Volga-Dnepr Group is the parent of three major Russian air-freight carriers – Volga-Dnepr Airlines, AirBridgeCargo Airlines and Atran Airlines. The new 747-8 freighters will replace AirBridgeCargo's current 747-400 aircraft and expand the airline's fleet and will be acquired through a mix of direct purchases and leasing over the next six years, Boeing said.[107]
On July 27, 2016, in its quarterly report to the Securities and Exchange Commission, Boeing discussed the potential termination of 747 production due to insufficient demand and market for the aircraft.[108] With a firm order backlog of 21 aircraft and a production rate of six per year, program accounting has been reduced to 1,555 aircraft, and the 747 line could be closed in the third quarter of 2019.[109] In October 2016, UPS Airlines ordered 14 -8Fs to add capacity, along with 14 options, which it took in February 2018 bringing the total number of -8Fs ordered to 28.[110] The backlog then stood at 25 aircraft, though several of these are orders from airlines that no longer intend to take delivery. Deliveries are scheduled through 2022.[111]
Boeing 747-200 cutaway
For design details of a particular generation, see Boeing 747-400, 747-8, and 747SP.
The Boeing 747 is a large, wide-body (two-aisle) airliner with four wing-mounted engines. Its wings have a high sweep angle of 37.5 degrees for a fast, efficient cruise speed[31] of Mach 0.84 to 0.88, depending on the variant. The sweep also reduces the wingspan, allowing the 747 to use existing hangars.[1][112] Its seating capacity is over 366 with a 3–4–3 seat arrangement (a cross section of 3 seats, an aisle, 4 seats, another aisle, and 3 seats) in economy class and a 2–3–2 layout in first class on the main deck. The upper deck has a 3–3 seat arrangement in economy class and a 2–2 layout in first class.[113]
China Airlines 747-400F with the nose cargo door open
Raised above the main deck, the cockpit creates a hump. This raised cockpit allows front loading of cargo on freight variants.[31] The upper deck behind the cockpit provides space for a lounge and/or extra seating. The "stretched upper deck" became available as an alternative on the 747-100B variant and later as standard beginning on the 747-300. The upper deck was stretched more on the 747-8. The 747 cockpit roof section also has an escape hatch from which crew can exit during the events of an emergency if they cannot do so through the cabin.
The 747's maximum takeoff weight ranges from 735,000 pounds (333,400 kg) for the -100 to 970,000 lb (439,985 kg) for the -8. Its range has increased from 5,300 nautical miles (6,100 mi, 9,800 km) on the -100 to 8,000 nmi (9,200 mi, 14,815 km) on the -8I.[114][115]
The 747 has redundant structures along with four redundant hydraulic systems and four main landing gears each with four wheels; these provide a good spread of support on the ground and safety in case of tire blow-outs. The main gear are redundant so that landing can be performed on two opposing landing gears if the others are not functioning properly.[116] The 747 also has split control surfaces and was designed with sophisticated triple-slotted flaps that minimize landing speeds and allow the 747 to use standard-length runways.[117]
For transportation of spare engines, the 747 can accommodate a non-functioning fifth-pod engine under the aircraft's port wing between the inner functioning engine and the fuselage.[118][119] This fifth engine mount point is also used by Virgin Orbit's LauncherOne program.[120] Virgin Orbit's 747-400, dubbed Cosmic Girl, carries the orbital-class rocket to cruise altitude, where the rocket is deployed and then carries its small satellite payload the rest of the way to space.[121]
The 747-100 was the original variant launched in 1966. The 747-200 soon followed, with its launch in 1968. The 747-300 was launched in 1980 and was followed by the 747-400 in 1985. Ultimately, the 747-8 was announced in 2005. Several versions of each variant have been produced, and many of the early variants were in production simultaneously. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) classifies variants using a shortened code formed by combining the model number and the variant designator (e.g. "B741" for all -100 models).[122]
Pan Am was the first airline to operate the 747. The 747-100 pictured shows the original size of the upper deck and window layout.
The first 747-100s were built with six upper deck windows (three per side) to accommodate upstairs lounge areas. Later, as airlines began to use the upper deck for premium passenger seating instead of lounge space, Boeing offered a ten-window upper deck as an option. Some early -100s were retrofitted with the new configuration.[123] The -100 was equipped with Pratt & Whitney JT9D-3A engines. No freighter version of this model was developed, but many 747-100s were converted into freighters.[124] A total of 168 747-100s were built; 167 were delivered to customers, while Boeing kept the prototype, City of Everett.[4]
747SR
Responding to requests from Japanese airlines for a high-capacity aircraft to serve domestic routes between major cities, Boeing developed the 747SR as a short-range version of the 747-100 with lower fuel capacity and greater payload capability. With increased economy class seating, up to 498 passengers could be carried in early versions and up to 550 in later models.[81] The 747SR had an economic design life objective of 52,000 flights during 20 years of operation, compared to 24,600 flights in 20 years for the standard 747.[125] The initial 747SR model, the -100SR, had a strengthened body structure and landing gear to accommodate the added stress accumulated from a greater number of takeoffs and landings.[126] Extra structural support was built into the wings, fuselage, and the landing gear along with a 20% reduction in fuel capacity.[127]
Qatar Airways 747SR-81 landing at London Gatwick Airport in 1996
The initial order for the -100SR – four aircraft for Japan Air Lines (JAL, later Japan Airlines) – was announced on October 30, 1972; rollout occurred on August 3, 1973, and the first flight took place on August 31, 1973. The type was certified by the FAA on September 26, 1973, with the first delivery on the same day. The -100SR entered service with JAL, the type's sole customer, on October 7, 1973, and typically operated flights within Japan.[44] Seven -100SRs were built between 1973 and 1975, each with a 520,000-pound (240,000 kg) MTOW and Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7A engines derated to 43,000 pounds-force (190,000 N) of thrust.[128]
Following the -100SR, Boeing produced the -100BSR, a 747SR variant with increased takeoff weight capability. Debuting in 1978, the -100BSR also incorporated structural modifications for a high cycle-to-flying hour ratio; a related standard -100B model debuted in 1979. The -100BSR first flew on November 3, 1978, with first delivery to All Nippon Airways (ANA) on December 21, 1978. A total of twenty -100BSRs were produced for ANA and JAL.[129] The -100BSR had a 600,000 lb MTOW and was powered by the same JT9D-7A or General Electric CF6-45 engines used on the -100SR. ANA operated this variant on domestic Japanese routes with 455 or 456 seats until retiring its last aircraft in March 2006.[130]
In 1986, two -100BSR SUD models, featuring the stretched upper deck (SUD) of the -300, were produced for JAL.[131] The type's maiden flight occurred on February 26, 1986, with FAA certification and first delivery on March 24, 1986.[132] JAL operated the -100BSR SUD with 563 seats on domestic routes until their retirement in the third quarter of 2006. While only two -100BSR SUDs were produced, in theory, standard -100Bs can be modified to the SUD certification.[129] Overall, twenty-nine 747SRs were built,[4] consisting of seven -100SRs, twenty -100BSRs, and two -100BSR SUDs.
747-100B
An Iran Air 747-100B. This was the last 747-100 in passenger service.
The 747-100B model was developed from the -100SR, using its stronger airframe and landing gear design. The type had an increased fuel capacity of 48,070 US gal (182,000 l; 40,030 imp gal), allowing for a 5,000-nautical-mile (9,300 km; 5,800 mi) range with a typical 452-passenger payload, and an increased MTOW of 750,000 lb (340,000 kg) was offered. The first -100B order, one aircraft for Iran Air, was announced on June 1, 1978. This aircraft first flew on June 20, 1979, received FAA certification on August 1, 1979, and was delivered the next day.[133] Nine -100Bs were built, one for Iran Air and eight for Saudi Arabian Airlines.[134][135] Unlike the original -100, the -100B was offered with Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7A, General Electric CF6-50, or Rolls-Royce RB211-524 engines. However, only RB211-524 (Saudia) and JT9D-7A (Iran Air) engines were ordered.[136] The last 747-100B, EP-IAM was retired by Iran Air in 2014, the last commercial operator of the 747-100 and -100B.[137]
Main article: Boeing 747SP
Bahrain Royal Flight 747SP climbing with landing gear not yet fully retracted
The development of the 747SP stemmed from a joint request between Pan American World Airways and Iran Air, who were looking for a high-capacity airliner with enough range to cover Pan Am's New York–Middle Eastern routes and Iran Air's planned Tehran–New York route. The Tehran–New York route, when launched, was the longest non-stop commercial flight in the world. The 747SP is 48 feet 4 inches (14.73 m) shorter than the 747-100. Fuselage sections were eliminated fore and aft of the wing, and the center section of the fuselage was redesigned to fit mating fuselage sections. The SP's flaps used a simplified single-slotted configuration.[138][139] The 747SP, compared to earlier variants, had a tapering of the aft upper fuselage into the empennage, a double-hinged rudder, and longer vertical and horizontal stabilizers.[140] Power was provided by Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7(A/F/J/FW) or Rolls-Royce RB211-524 engines.[141]
The 747SP was granted a supplemental certificate on February 4, 1976 and entered service with launch customers Pan Am and Iran Air that same year.[139] The aircraft was chosen by airlines wishing to serve major airports with short runways.[142] A total of 45 747SPs were built,[4] with the 44th 747SP delivered on August 30, 1982. In 1987, Boeing re-opened the 747SP production line after five years to build one last 747SP for an order by the United Arab Emirates government.[139] In addition to airline use, one 747SP was modified for the NASA/German Aerospace Center SOFIA experiment.[143] Iran Air is the last civil operator of the type; its final 747-SP (EP-IAC) was to be retired in June 2016.[144][145]
Alitalia 747-200B arriving at Rome Fiumicino Airport in 1990
While the 747-100 powered by Pratt & Whitney JT9D-3A engines offered enough payload and range for medium-haul operations, it was marginal for long-haul route sectors. The demand for longer range aircraft with increased payload quickly led to the improved -200, which featured more powerful engines, increased MTOW, and greater range than the -100. A few early -200s retained the three-window configuration of the -100 on the upper deck, but most were built with a ten-window configuration on each side.[146] The 747-200 was produced in passenger (-200B), freighter (-200F), convertible (-200C), and combi (-200M) versions.[147]
The 747-200B was the basic passenger version, with increased fuel capacity and more powerful engines; it entered service in February 1971.[84] In its first three years of production, the -200 was equipped with Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7 engines (initially the only engine available). Range with a full passenger load started at over 5,000 nmi (9,300 km) and increased to 6,000 nmi (11,000 km) with later engines. Most -200Bs had an internally stretched upper deck, allowing for up to 16 passenger seats.[148] The freighter model, the 747-200F, could be fitted with or without a side cargo door,[84] and had a capacity of 105 tons (95.3 tonnes) and an MTOW of up to 833,000 lb (378,000 kg). It entered service in 1972 with Lufthansa.[149] The convertible version, the 747-200C, could be converted between a passenger and a freighter or used in mixed configurations,[81] and featured removable seats and a nose cargo door.[84] The -200C could also be fitted with an optional side cargo door on the main deck.[150]
Iran Air Cargo 747-200M (Combi) taking off from Dubai International Airport, 2009
The combi model, the 747-200M, could carry freight in the rear section of the main deck via a side cargo door. A removable partition on the main deck separated the cargo area at the rear from the passengers at the front. The -200M could carry up to 238 passengers in a three-class configuration with cargo carried on the main deck. The model was also known as the 747-200 Combi.[84] As on the -100, a stretched upper deck (SUD) modification was later offered. A total of 10 converted 747-200s were operated by KLM.[84] Union de Transports Aériens (UTA) also had two aircraft converted.[151][152]
After launching the -200 with Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7 engines, on August 1, 1972 Boeing announced that it had reached an agreement with General Electric to certify the 747 with CF6-50 series engines to increase the aircraft's market potential. Rolls-Royce followed 747 engine production with a launch order from British Airways for four aircraft. The option of RB211-524B engines was announced on June 17, 1975.[136] The -200 was the first 747 to provide a choice of powerplant from the three major engine manufacturers.[153]
A total of 393 of the 747-200 versions had been built when production ended in 1991.[154] Of these, 225 were -200B, 73 were -200F, 13 were -200C, 78 were -200M, and 4 were military.[155] Many 747-200s remained in operation, although most large carriers have retired them from their fleets and sold them to smaller operators as of the early 2000s. Large carriers have sped up fleet retirement following the September 11 attacks and the subsequent drop in demand for air travel, scrapping some or turning others into freighters.[156][157] Iran Air retired the last passenger 747-200 in May 2016, 36 years after it was delivered.[158] As of July 2018[update], eight 747-200s remain in service as freighters.[159]
Pakistan International Airlines Boeing 747-300 on final approach to London Heathrow Airport, England
The 747-300 features a 23-foot-4-inch-longer (7.11 m) upper deck than the -200.[85] The stretched upper deck has two emergency exit doors and is the most visible difference between the -300 and previous models. Before being made standard on the 747-300, the stretched upper deck was previously offered as a retrofit, and appeared on two Japanese 747-100SR aircraft.[160] The 747-300 introduced a new straight stairway to the upper deck, instead of a spiral staircase on earlier variants, which creates room above and below for more seats.[81] Minor aerodynamic changes allowed the -300's cruise speed to reach Mach 0.85 compared with Mach 0.84 on the -200 and -100 models, while retaining the same takeoff weight.[85] The -300 could be equipped with the same Pratt & Whitney and Rolls-Royce powerplants as on the -200, as well as updated General Electric CF6-80C2B1 engines.[81]
Swissair placed the first order for the 747-300 on June 11, 1980.[161] The variant revived the 747-300 designation, which had been previously used on a design study that did not reach production. The 747-300 first flew on October 5, 1982, and the type's first delivery went to Swissair on March 23, 1983.[44] Besides the passenger model, two other versions (-300M, -300SR) were produced. The 747-300M features cargo capacity on the rear portion of the main deck, similar to the -200M, but with the stretched upper deck it can carry more passengers.[141][162] The 747-300SR, a short range, high-capacity domestic model, was produced for Japanese markets with a maximum seating for 584.[163] No production freighter version of the 747-300 was built, but Boeing began modifications of used passenger -300 models into freighters in 2000.[164]
A total of 81 747-300 series aircraft were delivered, 56 for passenger use, 21 -300M and 4 -300SR versions.[165] In 1985, just two years after the -300 entered service, the type was superseded by the announcement of the more advanced 747-400.[166] The last 747-300 was delivered in September 1990 to Sabena.[81][167] While some -300 customers continued operating the type, several large carriers replaced their 747-300s with 747-400s. Air France, Air India, Pakistan International Airlines, and Qantas were some of the last major carriers to operate the 747-300. On December 29, 2008, Qantas flew its last scheduled 747-300 service, operating from Melbourne to Los Angeles via Auckland.[168] In July 2015, Pakistan International Airlines retired their final 747-300 after 30 years of service.[169] As of July 2018[update], only five 747-300s remain in commercial service, with Max Air (3), Mahan Air (1) and TransAVIAexport Airlines (1).[159]
Main article: Boeing 747-400
A China Airlines 747-409 taxiing. This one was painted with the older striped paint scheme featuring the Republic of China colors. It was the first delivered to the airline.
The 747-400 is an improved model with increased range. It has wingtip extensions of 6 ft (1.8 m) and winglets of 6 ft (1.8 m), which improve the type's fuel efficiency by four percent compared to previous 747 versions.[170] The 747-400 introduced a new glass cockpit designed for a flight crew of two instead of three, with a reduction in the number of dials, gauges and knobs from 971 to 365 through the use of electronics. The type also features tail fuel tanks, revised engines, and a new interior. The longer range has been used by some airlines to bypass traditional fuel stops, such as Anchorage.[171] Powerplants include the Pratt & Whitney PW4062, General Electric CF6-80C2, and Rolls-Royce RB211-524.[172] As a result of the Boeing 767 development overlapping with the 747-400's development, both aircraft can use the same three powerplants and are even interchangeable between the two aircraft models.[173]
The -400 was offered in passenger (-400), freighter (-400F), combi (-400M), domestic (-400D), extended range passenger (-400ER), and extended range freighter (-400ERF) versions. Passenger versions retain the same upper deck as the -300, while the freighter version does not have an extended upper deck.[174] The 747-400D was built for short-range operations with maximum seating for 624. Winglets were not included, but they can be retrofitted.[175][176] Cruising speed is up to Mach 0.855 on different versions of the 747-400.[172]
Front view of a British Airways Boeing 747-400 arriving at London Heathrow Airport in 2015. The triple-slotted trailing edge flaps are well seen.
The passenger version first entered service in February 1989 with launch customer Northwest Airlines on the Minneapolis to Phoenix route.[177] The combi version entered service in September 1989 with KLM, while the freighter version entered service in November 1993 with Cargolux. The 747-400ERF entered service with Air France in October 2002, while the 747-400ER entered service with Qantas,[178] its sole customer, in November 2002. In January 2004, Boeing and Cathay Pacific launched the Boeing 747-400 Special Freighter program,[179] later referred to as the Boeing Converted Freighter (BCF), to modify passenger 747-400s for cargo use. The first 747-400BCF was redelivered in December 2005.[180]
In March 2007, Boeing announced that it had no plans to produce further passenger versions of the -400.[181] However, orders for 36 -400F and -400ERF freighters were already in place at the time of the announcement.[181] The last passenger version of the 747-400 was delivered in April 2005 to China Airlines. Some of the last built 747-400s were delivered with Dreamliner livery along with the modern Signature interior from the Boeing 777. A total of 694 of the 747-400 series aircraft were delivered.[4] At various times, the largest 747-400 operator has included Singapore Airlines,[182] Japan Airlines,[182] and British Airways with 36 as of July 2018[update].[183][184] As of July 2018[update], 339 747-400s remain in service.[159]
747 LCF Dreamlifter
The Boeing 747 Large Cargo Freighter, also named the Dreamlifter, is modified from ex-airline 747-400s
Main article: Boeing Dreamlifter
The 747-400 Dreamlifter[185] (originally called the 747 Large Cargo Freighter or LCF[186]) is a Boeing-designed modification of existing 747-400s to a larger configuration to ferry 787 Dreamliner sub-assemblies. Evergreen Aviation Technologies Corporation of Taiwan was contracted to complete modifications of 747-400s into Dreamlifters in Taoyuan. The aircraft flew for the first time on September 9, 2006 in a test flight.[187] Modification of four aircraft was completed by February 2010.[188] The Dreamlifters have been placed into service transporting sub-assemblies for the 787 program to the Boeing plant in Everett, Washington, for final assembly.[185] The aircraft is certified to carry only essential crew and not passengers.[189]
Main article: Boeing 747-8
Boeing announced a new 747 variant, the 747-8, on November 14, 2005. Referred to as the 747 Advanced prior to its launch, the 747-8 uses the same engine and cockpit technology as the 787, hence the use of the "8". The variant is designed to be quieter, more economical, and more environmentally friendly. The 747-8's fuselage is lengthened from 232 to 251 feet (70.8 to 76.4 m),[190] marking the first stretch variant of the aircraft. Power is supplied by General Electric GEnx-2B67 engines.[172]
The first Boeing 747-8 freighter on its maiden flight
The 747-8 Freighter, or 747-8F, is derived from the 747-400ERF. The variant has 16% more payload capacity than its predecessor, allowing it to carry seven more standard air cargo containers, with a maximum payload capacity of 154 tons (140 tonnes) of cargo.[191] As on previous 747 freighters, the 747-8F features an overhead nose-door and a side-door on the main deck plus a side-door on the lower deck ("belly") to aid loading and unloading. The 747-8F made its maiden flight on February 8, 2010.[192][193] The variant received its amended type certificate jointly from the FAA and the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) on August 19, 2011.[194] The -8F was first delivered to Cargolux on October 12, 2011.[195]
The passenger version, named 747-8 Intercontinental or 747-8I, is designed to carry up to 467 passengers in a 3-class configuration and fly more than 8,000 nmi (15,000 km) at Mach 0.855. As a derivative of the already common 747-400, the 747-8 has the economic benefit of similar training and interchangeable parts.[196] The type's first test flight occurred on March 20, 2011.[197] The 747-8 has surpassed the Airbus A340-600 as the world's longest airliner. The first -8I was delivered in May 2012 to Lufthansa.[198] The 747-8 has received 154 total orders, including 107 for the -8F and 47 for the -8I as of May 2019[update].[4]
Government, military, and other variants
VC-25A 29000, one of two customized Boeing 747-200Bs in the U.S. presidential fleet since 1990
C-19 – The U.S. Air Force gave this designation to the 747-100s used by some U.S. airlines and modified for use in the Civil Reserve Airlift Fleet.[199]
VC-25 – This aircraft is the U.S. Air Force very important person (VIP) version of the 747-200B. The U.S. Air Force operates two of them in VIP configuration as the VC-25A. Tail numbers 28000 and 29000 are popularly known as Air Force One, which is technically the air-traffic call sign for any United States Air Force aircraft carrying the U.S. President. Although based on the 747-200B design, they include several innovations introduced on the 747-400. Partially completed aircraft from Everett, Washington, were flown to Wichita, Kansas, for final outfitting. Two new aircraft, based around the 747-8, are being procured which will be designated as VC-25B.
E-4B – Formerly known as the National Emergency Airborne Command Post (referred to colloquially as "Kneecap"), this aircraft is now referred to as the National Airborne Operations Center (NAOC).
YAL-1 – This was the experimental Airborne Laser, a planned component of the U.S. National Missile Defense.
Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA) – Two 747s were modified to carry the Space Shuttle orbiter. The first was a 747-100 (N905NA), and the other was a 747-100SR (N911NA). The first SCA carried the prototype Enterprise during the Approach and Landing Tests in the late 1970s. The two SCA later carried all five operational Space Shuttle orbiters.
C-33 – This aircraft was a proposed U.S. military version of the 747-400F intended to augment the C-17 fleet. The plan was canceled in favor of additional C-17s.
20-1101 Japanese Air Force One, one of two customized Boeing 747-400s in the Japan Air Self-Defense Force since 1993
KC-33A – A proposed 747 was also adapted as an aerial refueling tanker and was bid against the DC-10-30 during the 1970s Advanced Cargo Transport Aircraft (ACTA) program that produced the KC-10A Extender.
747-100 Tanker before the 1979 Iranian Revolution, Iran bought four 747-100 aircraft with air-refueling boom conversions to support its fleet of F-4 Phantoms.[200][201] There is a report of the Iranians using a 747 Tanker in H-3 airstrike during Iran–Iraq War.[202] It is unknown whether these aircraft remain usable as tankers.
747 CMCA – This "Cruise Missile Carrier Aircraft" variant was considered by the U.S. Air Force during the development of the B-1 Lancer strategic bomber. It would have been equipped with 50 to 100 AGM-86 ALCM cruise missiles on rotary launchers. This plan was abandoned in favor of more conventional strategic bombers.[203]
747 "airborne aircraft carrier" concept
747 AAC – A Boeing study under contract from the USAF for an "airborne aircraft carrier" for up to 10 Boeing Model 985-121 "microfighters" with the ability to launch, retrieve, re-arm, and refuel. Boeing believed that the scheme would be able to deliver a flexible and fast, carrier platform with global reach, particularly where other bases were not available. Modified versions of the 747-200 and Lockheed C-5A were considered as the base aircraft. The concept, which included a complementary 747 AWACS version with two reconnaissance "microfighters", was considered technically feasible in 1973.[204]
Evergreen 747 Supertanker – A Boeing 747-200 modified as an aerial application platform for fire fighting using 20,000 US gallons (76,000 L) of firefighting chemicals.[205]
Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) – A former Pan Am Boeing 747SP modified to carry a large infrared-sensitive telescope, in a joint venture of NASA and DLR. High altitudes are needed for infrared astronomy, to rise above infrared-absorbing water vapor in the atmosphere.
A number of other governments also use the 747 as a VIP transport, including Bahrain, Brunei, India, Iran, Japan, Kuwait, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates. Several Boeing 747-8s have been ordered by Boeing Business Jet for conversion to VIP transports for several unidentified customers.[206]
Undeveloped variants
Boeing has studied a number of 747 variants that have not gone beyond the concept stage.
747 trijet
During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Boeing studied the development of a shorter 747 with three engines, to compete with the smaller Lockheed L-1011 TriStar and McDonnell Douglas DC-10. The center engine would have been fitted in the tail with an S-duct intake similar to the L-1011's. Overall, the 747 trijet would have had more payload, range, and passenger capacity than both of them. However, engineering studies showed that a major redesign of the 747 wing would be necessary. Maintaining the same 747 handling characteristics would be important to minimize pilot retraining. Boeing decided instead to pursue a shortened four-engine 747, resulting in the 747SP.[207]
In January 1986, Boeing outlined preliminary studies to build a larger, ultra-long haul version named the 747-500, which would enter service in the mid- to late-1990s.[208] The derivative would use more efficient unducted fan (UDF) engines (propfans) made by General Electric, be stretched (including the upper deck section) to a capacity of 500 seats, have a new wing to reduce drag, cruise at a faster speed to reduce flight times, and have a range of at least 8,700 nmi (16,000 km), which would allow airlines to fly nonstop between London, England and Sydney, Australia.[209] The 747-500 was never built.
747 ASB
Boeing announced the 747 ASB (Advanced Short Body) in 1986 as a response to the Airbus A340 and the McDonnell Douglas MD-11. This aircraft design would have combined the advanced technology used on the 747-400 with the foreshortened 747SP fuselage. The aircraft was to carry 295 passengers a range of 8,000 nmi (9,200 mi; 15,000 km).[210] However, airlines were not interested in the project and it was canceled in 1988 in favor of the 777.
747-500X, -600X, and -700X
The proposed 747-500X and -600X as depicted in a 1998 FAA illustration
Boeing announced the 747-500X and -600X at the 1996 Farnborough Airshow.[91] The proposed models would have combined the 747's fuselage with a new 251 ft (77 m) span wing derived from the 777. Other changes included adding more powerful engines and increasing the number of tires from two to four on the nose landing gear and from 16 to 20 on the main landing gear.[211]
The 747-500X concept featured an increased fuselage length of 18 ft (5.5 m) to 250 ft (76.2 m) long, and the aircraft was to carry 462 passengers over a range up to 8,700 nautical miles (10,000 mi, 16,100 km), with a gross weight of over 1.0 Mlb (450 tonnes).[211] The 747-600X concept featured a greater stretch to 279 ft (85 m) with seating for 548 passengers, a range of up to 7,700 nmi (8,900 mi, 14,300 km), and a gross weight of 1.2 Mlb (540 tonnes).[211] A third study concept, the 747-700X, would have combined the wing of the 747-600X with a widened fuselage, allowing it to carry 650 passengers over the same range as a 747-400.[91] The cost of the changes from previous 747 models, in particular the new wing for the 747-500X and -600X, was estimated to be more than US$5 billion.[91] Boeing was not able to attract enough interest to launch the aircraft.[92]
747X and 747X Stretch
As Airbus progressed with its A3XX study, Boeing offered a 747 derivative as an alternative in 2000; a more modest proposal than the previous -500X and -600X that retained the 747's overall wing design and add a segment at the root, increasing the span to 229 ft (69.8 m).[212] Power would have been supplied by either the Engine Alliance GP7172 or the Rolls-Royce Trent 600, which were also proposed for the 767-400ERX.[213] A new flight deck based on the 777's would be used. The 747X aircraft was to carry 430 passengers over ranges of up to 8,700 nmi (10,000 mi, 16,100 km). The 747X Stretch would be extended to 263 ft (80.2 m) long, allowing it to carry 500 passengers over ranges of up to 7,800 nmi (9,000 mi, 14,500 km).[212] Both would feature an interior based on the 777.[214] Freighter versions of the 747X and 747X Stretch were also studied.[215]
The 747-400ER was derived from the 747-400X study.
Like its predecessor, the 747X family was unable to garner enough interest to justify production, and it was shelved along with the 767-400ERX in March 2001, when Boeing announced the Sonic Cruiser concept.[93] Though the 747X design was less costly than the 747-500X and -600X, it was criticized for not offering a sufficient advance from the existing 747-400. The 747X did not make it beyond the drawing board, but the 747-400X being developed concurrently moved into production to become the 747-400ER.[216]
747-400XQLR
After the end of the 747X program, Boeing continued to study improvements that could be made to the 747. The 747-400XQLR (Quiet Long Range) was meant to have an increased range of 7,980 nmi (9,200 mi, 14,800 km), with improvements to boost efficiency and reduce noise.[217][218] Improvements studied included raked wingtips similar to those used on the 767-400ER and a sawtooth engine nacelle for noise reduction.[219] Although the 747-400XQLR did not move to production, many of its features were used for the 747 Advanced, which has now been launched as the 747-8.
Main article: List of Boeing 747 operators
As of July 2018[update], 462 Boeing 747s are in airline service, with British Airways being the largest operator with 36 747-400s.[159]
The last US passenger Boeing 747 was retired from Delta Air Lines in December 2017, after it flew for every American major carrier since its 1970 introduction.[220] Delta flew three of its last four aircraft on a farewell tour, from Seattle to Atlanta on December 19 then to Los Angeles and Minneapolis/St Paul on December 20.[221]
As the IATA forecast an increase in air freight from 4% to 5% in 2018 fuelled by booming trade for time-sensitive goods, from smartphones to fresh flowers, demand for freighters is strong while passenger 747s are phased out. Of the 1,544 produced, 890 are retired; as of 2018[update], a small subset of those which were intended to be parted-out get $3 million D-checks before flying again. Young -400s are sold for 320 million yuan ($50 million) and Boeing stopped converting freighters, which used to cost nearly $30 million. This comeback helped the airframer financing arm Boeing Capital to shrink its exposure to the 747-8 from $1.07 billion in 2017 to $481 million.[222]
1,572 0 18 6 18 6 2 13 7 3 1 5 2 16 53
1,552 4 6 14 9 18 19 24 31 9 – 8 14 16 14
46 10 4 17 16 26 35 15 36 56 32 16 2 23 31 122 56 49 66 84
42 23 24 14 23 49 72 76 42 14 20 29 29 18 7 20 30 22 43 83
24 16 22 26 53 73 67 32 20 27 21 22 30 30 69 92 4 – – –
Boeing 747 orders and deliveries (cumulative, by year):
Boeing data through end of June 2019
Model summary
Diagram of Boeing 747 variants.
At the top: 747-100 (dorsal, cross-section, and front views). Side views, in descending order: 747SP, 747-100, 747-400, 747-8I, and 747LCF.
Model Series
ICAO code[122]
Unfilled orders
B741 / BSCA[a] 167 167 —
747-100SR
B74R 29 29 —
B742[b] 225 225 —
747-200C
13 13 —
747-200F
747 E-4A
747-E4B
B743 56 56 —
B744 / BLCF[c] 442 442 —
747-400ERF
126 126 —
747-400D
B74D 19 19 —
747-8I
B74S 45 45 —
^ BSCA refers to 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, used by NASA.
^ B742 includes the VC-25, two 747-200Bs modified for the U.S. Air Force.
^ BLCF refers to the 747-400LCF Dreamlifter, used to transport components for the Boeing 787 Dreamliner program.
Source for orders and deliveries: Boeing data through end of June 2019
Main article: Boeing 747 hull losses
The 747 has been involved in 146 aviation accidents and incidents,[223] including 61 accidents and hull losses[224] which resulted in 3722 fatalities.[13] The last crash was Turkish Airlines Flight 6491 in January 2017. There were also 24 deaths in 32 aircraft hijackings,[13] such as Pan Am Flight 73 where a Boeing 747-121 was hijacked by four terrorists and resulted in 20 deaths.[225]
Few crashes have been attributed to design flaws of the 747. The Tenerife airport disaster resulted from pilot error and communications failure, while the Japan Airlines Flight 123 and China Airlines Flight 611 crashes stemmed from improper aircraft repair. United Airlines Flight 811, which suffered an explosive decompression mid-flight on February 24, 1989, led the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) to issue a recommendation that the Boeing 747-100 and 747-200 cargo doors similar to those on the Flight 811 aircraft be modified to those featured on the Boeing 747-400. Korean Air Lines Flight 007 was shot down by a Soviet fighter aircraft in 1983 after it had strayed into Soviet territory, causing U.S. President Ronald Reagan to authorize the then-strictly military global positioning system (GPS) for civilian use.[226]
Accidents due to design deficiencies included TWA Flight 800, where a 747-100 exploded in mid-air on July 17, 1996, probably due to sparking electricity wires inside the fuel tank;[227] this finding led the FAA to propose a rule requiring installation of an inerting system in the center fuel tank of most large aircraft that was adopted in July 2008, after years of research into solutions. At the time, the new safety system was expected to cost US$100,000 to $450,000 per aircraft and weigh approximately 200 pounds (91 kg).[228] El Al Flight 1862 crashed after the fuse pins for an engine broke off shortly after take-off due to metal fatigue. Instead of dropping away from the wing, the engine knocked off the adjacent engine and damaged the wing.[229]
Aircraft on display
Boeing 747-230B in Lufthansa livery on display at the Technikmuseum Speyer in Germany
Boeing 747-128 on display at the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace in France
A retired Boeing 747-100 on the roof of a waterpark at the Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum
As increasing numbers of "classic" 747-100 and 747-200 series aircraft have been retired, some have found their way into museums or other uses. In recent years, some older 747-300s and 747-400s have also found their way into museums as well.
20235/001 – 747-121 registration N7470 City of Everett, the first 747 and prototype, is at the Museum of Flight, Seattle, Washington, US where it is sometimes leased to Boeing for test purposes.[230]
19896/019 – 747-132(SF) registration N481EV at the Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum, McMinnville, Oregon.
19651/025 – 747-121 registration N747GE at the Pima Air & Space Museum, Tucson, Arizona.[231]
19778/027 – 747-151 registration N601US nose at the National Air and Space Museum, Washington, D.C.[232]
20107/086 – 747-123 registration N905NA, a NASA Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, at the Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas.[233][234]
20269/150 – 747-136 registration G-AWNG nose at Hiller Aviation Museum, San Carlos, California.
20239/160 – 747-244B registration ZS-SAN nicknamed Lebombo, at the South African Airways Museum Society, Rand Airport, Johannesburg, South Africa.
20541/200 – 747-128 registration F-BPVJ at Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace, Paris, France.
20770/213 – 747-2B5B registration HL7463 at Jeongseok Aviation Center, Jeju, South Korea.[235]
20713/219 – 747-212B(SF) registration N482EV at the Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum, McMinnville, Oregon as part of the Wings and Waves Waterpark.
21134/288 – 747SP-44 registration ZS-SPC at the South African Airways Museum Society, Rand Airport, Johannesburg, South Africa.
21093/307 – 747SP-86 registration EP-IAA at Tehran Aerospace Exhibition, Tehran, Iran.
21549/336 – 747-206B registration PH-BUK at the Aviodrome, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
21588/342 – 747-230B registration D-ABYM at Technikmuseum Speyer, Speyer, Germany.
22145/410 – 747-238B registration VH-EBQ at the Qantas Founders Outback Museum, Longreach, Queensland, Australia.
21942/471 – 747-212B registration N642NW nose at Museum of Aeronautical Science, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.
23719/696 – 747-451 registration N661US at the Delta Flight Museum, Atlanta, Georgia. This particular plane was the first 747-400 in service, as well as the prototype.[236]
24354/731 – 747-438 registration VH-OJA at Illawarra Regional Airport, Albion Park Rail, New South Wales, Australia.
24000/732 - 747-406 registration PH-BFB at Corendon Village Hotel in Badhoevedorp, The Netherlands.
Boeing 747-212B serving as the Jumbohostel at Arlanda Airport in Sweden
Upon its retirement from service, the 747 number two in the production line was dismantled and shipped to Hopyeong, Namyangju, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea where it was re-assembled, repainted in a livery similar to that of Air Force One and converted into a restaurant. Originally flown commercially by Pan Am as N747PA, Clipper Juan T. Trippe, and repaired for service following a tailstrike, it stayed with the airline until its bankruptcy. The restaurant closed by 2009,[237] and the aircraft was scrapped in 2010.[238]
A former British Airways 747-200B, G-BDXJ,[239] is parked at the Dunsfold Aerodrome in Surrey, England and has been used as a movie set for productions such as the 2006 James Bond film, Casino Royale.[240] The plane also appears frequently in the BBC television series Top Gear, which is filmed at Dunsfold.
The Jumbohostel, using a converted 747-200 formerly registered as 9V-SQE, opened at Arlanda Airport, Stockholm in January 2009.[241][242]
The wings of a 747 have been recycled as roofs of a house in Malibu, California.[243][244][245][246]
747SP[247]
747-100[247]
747-200B[247]
747-400ER[248]
747-8[249]
Cockpit crew Three Two
Typical seats 276 (25F 57J 194Y) 366 (32F 74J 260Y) 400 (34F 76J 290Y) 416 (23F 78J 315Y) 467 (24F 87J 356Y)
Exit limit[250][a] 400 440/550 550/660 495/605
Cargo 3,900 cubic feet (110 m3) 6,190 cu ft (175 m3), 30×LD1 5,655 ft³ (160.1 m³) 6,345 cu ft (179.7 m3)
Length 184 ft 9 in (56.3 m) 231 ft 10 in (70.66 m) 250 ft 2 in (76.25 m)
Cabin width 239.5 in (608 cm)[248]
Wingspan 195 ft 8 in (59.6 m) 211 ft 5 in (64.4 m) 224 ft 7 in (68.4 m)
Wing area 5,500 ft² (511 m²) 5,650 sq ft (525 m2)[251] 5,960 sq ft (554 m2)[252]
Wing sweep 37.5°[253][254][255]
Aspect ratio 7 7.9 8.5
Tail height 65 ft 5 in (19.9 m) 63 ft 5 in (19.3 m) 63 ft 8 in (19.4 m) 63 ft 6 in (19.4 m)
MTOW 700,000 lb (320 t) 735,000 lb (333 t) 833,000 lb (378 t) 910,000 lb (412.76 t) 987,000 lb (447.696 t)
OEW 337,100 lb (152.9 t) 379,500 lb (172.1 t) 375,100 lb (170.1 t) 384,000 lb (174 t) 412,300 lb (187.01 t) 485,300 lb (220.128 t)
capacity 50,359 US gal
190.63 m3 48,445 US gal
Turbofan ×4 Pratt & Whitney JT9D-7 or Rolls-Royce RB211-524 or GE CF6 PW4000 / CF6 / RB211 GEnx-2B67
Thrust ×4 46,300–56,900 lbf
206–253 kN 43,500–51,600 lbf
206.0–243.5 kN 46,300–56,900 lbf
276–282 kN 66,500 lbf
MMo[250] Mach 0.92 Mach 0.9
Cruise econ. 907 km/h (490 kt), max. 939 km/h (507kt)[256][257] Mach 0.855 (504 kn; 933 km/h)
Range 5,830 nmi
10,800 km[b] 4,620 nmi
8,560 km[c] 6,560 nmi
12,150 km[c] 6,330 nmi
11,720 km[d] 7,670 nmi
14,200 km[e] 7,730 nmi
14,320 km[f][258]
Takeoff 9,250 ft (2,820 m) 10,650 ft (3,250 m) 10,900 ft (3,300 m) 10,900 ft (3,300 m) 10,700 ft (3,260 m) 10,200 ft (3,100 m)
^ split numbers denote different limits depending on exit types installed
^ JT9D, 276 passengers
^ a b JT9D, 366 passengers and baggage
^ 400 passengers and baggage
^ PW4000, 416 passengers and baggage
Notable appearances in media
Main article: Aircraft in fiction (Boeing 747)
Following its debut, the 747 rapidly achieved iconic status, appearing in numerous film productions such as Airport 1975 and Airport '77 disaster films, Air Force One, Die Hard 2, and Executive Decision.[259][260] Appearing in over 300 film productions[261] the 747 is one of the most widely depicted civilian aircraft and is considered by many as one of the most iconic in film history.[262] The aircraft entered the cultural lexicon as the original Jumbo Jet, a term coined by the aviation media to describe its size,[263] and was also nicknamed Queen of the Skies.[264]
USA portal
Comparison between five of the largest aircraft:
Hughes H-4 Hercules
Scaled Composites Stratolaunch
Related development
Boeing 747 LCF
Shuttle Carrier Aircraft
Sukhoi KR-860
List of aircraft
List of Boeing 747 operators
List of jet airliners
List of megaprojects
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^ "Boeing revises "obsolete" performance assumptions". FlightGlobal. August 3, 2015.
^ "Executive Decision." Movie Ramblings. Retrieved: December 17, 2007.
^ "Air Force One." Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved: December 17, 2007.
^ "Category:Boeing 747". impdb.org. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
^ "The most iconic aircraft in film history". chapman-freeborn.com. August 6, 2013. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
^ Haenggi 2003, p. 9.
Bowers, Peter M. Boeing Aircraft Since 1916. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1989. ISBN 0-85177-804-6.
Davies, R.E.G. Delta: An Airline and Its Aircraft: The Illustrated History of a Major U.S. Airline and the People Who Made It. McLean, VA: Paladwr Press, 1990. ISBN 0-9626483-0-2.
Haenggi, Michael. Boeing Widebodies. St. Paul, MN: MBI Publishing Co., 2003. ISBN 0-7603-0842-X.
Irving, Clive. Wide Body: The Making of the Boeing 747. Philadelphia: Coronet, 1994. ISBN 0-340-59983-9.
Itabashi, M., K. Kawata and S. Kusaka. "Pre-fatigued 2219-T87 and 6061-T6 aluminium alloys." Structural Failure: Technical, Legal and Insurance Aspects. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon.: Taylor & Francis, 1995. ISBN 978-0-419-20710-8.
Jenkins, Dennis R. Boeing 747-100/200/300/SP (AirlinerTech Series, Vol. 6). North Branch, MN: Specialty Press, 2000. ISBN 1-58007-026-4.
Kane, Robert M. Air Transportation: 1903–2003. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt Publishing Co., 2004. ISBN 0-7575-3180-6.
Lawrence, Philip K. and David Weldon Thornton. Deep Stall: The Turbulent Story of Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Co., 2005, ISBN 0-7546-4626-2.
Norris, Guy and Mark Wagner. Boeing 747: Design and Development Since 1969. St. Paul, MN: MBI Publishing Co., 1997. ISBN 0-7603-0280-4.
Norton, Bill. Lockheed Martin C-5 Galaxy. North Branch, MN: Specialty Press, 2003. ISBN 1-58007-061-2.
Orlebar, Christopher. The Concorde Story. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, Fifth edition, 2002. ISBN 1-85532-667-1.
Sutter, Joe. 747: Creating the World's First Jumbo Jet and Other Adventures from a Life in Aviation. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books, 2006. ISBN 978-0-06-088241-9.
Ingells, Douglas J. 747: Story of the Boeing Super Jet. Fallbrook, CA: Aero Publishers, 1970. ISBN 0-8168-8704-7.
The Great Gamble: The Boeing 747. The Boeing - Pan Am Project to Develop, Produce, and Introduce the 747. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1973. ISBN 0-8173-8700-5.
Seo, Hiroshi. Boeing 747. Worthing, West Sussex: Littlehampton Book Services Ltd., 1984. ISBN 0-7106-0304-5.
Lucas, Jim. Boeing 747 - The First 20 Years. Browcom Pub. Ltd, 1988. ISBN 0-946141-37-1.
Wright, Alan J. Boeing 747. Hersham, Surrey: Ian Allan, 1989. ISBN 0-7110-1814-6.
Minton, David H. The Boeing 747 (Aero Series 40). Fallbrook, CA: Aero Publishers, 1991. ISBN 0-8306-3574-2.
Shaw, Robbie. Boeing 747 (Osprey Civil Aircraft series). London: Osprey, 1994. ISBN 1-85532-420-2.
Baum, Brian. Boeing 747-SP (Great Airliners, Vol. 3). Osceola, WI: Motorbooks International, 1997. ISBN 0-9626730-7-2.
Falconer, Jonathan. Boeing 747 in Color. Hersham, Surrey: Ian Allan, 1997. ISBN 1-882663-14-4.
Gilchrist, Peter. Boeing 747-400 (Airliner Color History). Osceola, WI: Motorbooks International, 1998. ISBN 0-7603-0616-8.
Henderson, Scott. Boeing 747-100/200 In Camera. Minneapolis, MN: Scoval Publishing, 1999. ISBN 1-902236-01-7.
Pealing, Norman, and Savage, Mike. Jumbo Jetliners: Boeing's 747 and the Widebodies (Osprey Color Classics). Osceola, WI: Motorbooks International, 1999. ISBN 1-85532-874-7.
Shaw, Robbie. Boeing 747-400: The Mega-Top (Osprey Civil Aircraft series)/ London: Osprey, 1999. ISBN 1-85532-893-3.
Wilson, Stewart. Boeing 747 (Aviation Notebook Series). Queanbeyan, NSW: Wilson Media Pty. Ltd, 1999. ISBN 1-876722-01-0 .
Wilson, Stewart. Airliners of the World. Fyshwick, Australia: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd., 1999. ISBN 1-875671-44-7.
Birtles, Philip. Boeing 747-400. Hersham, Surrey: Ian Allan, 2000. ISBN 0-7110-2728-5.
Bowman, Martin. Boeing 747 (Crowood Aviation Series). Marlborough, Wilts.: Crowood, 2000. ISBN 1-86126-242-6
Dorr, Robert F. Boeing 747-400 (AirlinerTech Series, Vol. 10). North Branch, MN: Specialty Press, 2000. ISBN 1-58007-055-8.
Gesar, Aram. Boeing 747: The Jumbo. New York: Pyramid Media Group, 2000. ISBN 0-944188-02-8.
Gilchrist, Peter. Boeing 747 Classic (Airliner Color History). Osceola, WI: Motorbooks International, 2000. ISBN 0-7603-1007-6.
Graham, Ian. In Control: How to Fly a 747. Somerville, MA: Candlewick, 2000. ISBN 0-7636-1278-2.
Nicholls, Mark. The Airliner World Book of the Boeing 747. New York: Osprey Publishing, 2002. ISBN 0-946219-61-3.
March, Peter. The Boeing 747 Story. Stroud, Glos.: The History Press, 2009. ISBN 0-7509-4485-4.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Boeing 747.
"747-8". Boeing.
"747-100 cutaway". FlightGlobal.
Debut of Boeing 747 - color - no sound. British Movietone News. October 1, 1968.
"Photos: Boeing 747-100 Assembly Line In 1969". Aviation Week & Space Technology. April 28, 1969.
"Aircfraft Owner's & Operator's Guide: 747-200/-300" (PDF). Aircraft commerce. June 2005.
"Boeing 747 Aircraft Profile". FlightGlobal. June 3, 2007.
"This Luxury Boeing 747-8 for the Super-Rich is a Palace in the Sky". popular mechanics. February 24, 2015.
"How Boeing and Pan Am created an airliner legend". flightglobal. April 15, 2016.
"Boeing 747: Evolution Of A Jumbo, As Featured On Aviation Week's Covers". Aviation Week. August 2016.
"Boeing's Jumbo jet celebrates golden jubilee". FlightGlobal. February 8, 2019.
Guy Norris (February 8, 2019). "Boeing's Queen Of The Skies Marks 50th Anniversary Of First Flight". Aviation Week & Space Technology.
Guy Norris. "Evolution of a Widebody: 50 Years of the Boeing 747". Aviation Week & Space Technology.
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(Redirected from Disruptive technology)
In business theory, a disruptive innovation is an innovation that creates a new market and value network and eventually disrupts an existing market and value network, displacing established market-leading firms, products, and alliances.[2] The term was defined and first analyzed by the American scholar Clayton M. Christensen and his collaborators beginning in 1995,[3] and has been called the most influential business idea of the early 21st century.[4]
Types of Innovation[1]
An innovation that does not significantly affect existing markets. It may be either:
An innovation that improves a product in an existing market in ways that customers are expecting (e.g., fuel injection for gasoline engines, which displaced carburetors.)
Revolutionary (discontinuous, radical)
An innovation that is unexpected, but nevertheless does not affect existing markets (e.g., the first automobiles in the late 19th century, which were expensive luxury items, and as such very few were sold)
An innovation that creates a new market by providing a different set of values, which ultimately (and unexpectedly) overtakes an existing market (e.g., the lower-priced, affordable Ford Model T, which displaced horse-drawn carriages)
Not all innovations are disruptive, even if they are revolutionary. For example, the first automobiles in the late 19th century were not a disruptive innovation, because early automobiles were expensive luxury items that did not disrupt the market for horse-drawn vehicles. The market for transportation essentially remained intact until the debut of the lower-priced Ford Model T in 1908.[5] The mass-produced automobile was a disruptive innovation, because it changed the transportation market, whereas the first thirty years of automobiles did not.
Disruptive innovations tend to be produced by outsiders and entrepreneurs in startups, rather than existing market-leading companies. The business environment of market leaders does not allow them to pursue disruptive innovations when they first arise, because they are not profitable enough at first and because their development can take scarce resources away from sustaining innovations (which are needed to compete against current competition).[6] A disruptive process can take longer to develop than by the conventional approach and the risk associated to it is higher than the other more incremental or evolutionary forms of innovations, but once it is deployed in the market, it achieves a much faster penetration and higher degree of impact on the established markets.[7]
Beyond business and economics disruptive innovations can also be considered to disrupt complex systems, including economic and business-related aspects.[8]
History and usage of the termEdit
The term disruptive technologies was coined by Clayton M. Christensen and introduced in his 1995 article Disruptive Technologies: Catching the Wave,[9] which he cowrote with Joseph Bower. The article is aimed at management executives who make the funding or purchasing decisions in companies, rather than the research community. He describes the term further in his book The Innovator's Dilemma.[10] Innovator's Dilemma explored the cases of the disk drive industry (which, with its rapid generational change, is to the study of business what fruit flies are to the study of genetics, as Christensen was advised in the 1990s[11]) and the excavating equipment industry (where hydraulic actuation slowly displaced cable-actuated movement). In his sequel with Michael E. Raynor, The Innovator's Solution,[12] Christensen replaced the term disruptive technology with disruptive innovation because he recognized that few technologies are intrinsically disruptive or sustaining in character; rather, it is the business model that the technology enables that creates the disruptive impact. However, Christensen's evolution from a technological focus to a business-modelling focus is central to understanding the evolution of business at the market or industry level. Christensen and Mark W. Johnson, who cofounded the management consulting firm Innosight, described the dynamics of "business model innovation" in the 2008 Harvard Business Review article "Reinventing Your Business Model".[13] The concept of disruptive technology continues a long tradition of identifying radical technical change in the study of innovation by economists, and the development of tools for its management at a firm or policy level.
The term “disruptive innovation” is misleading when it is used to refer to a product or service at one fixed point, rather than to the evolution of that product or service over time.
In the late 1990s, the automotive sector began to embrace a perspective of "constructive disruptive technology" by working with the consultant David E. O'Ryan, whereby the use of current off-the-shelf technology was integrated with newer innovation to create what he called "an unfair advantage". The process or technology change as a whole had to be "constructive" in improving the current method of manufacturing, yet disruptively impact the whole of the business case model, resulting in a significant reduction of waste, energy, materials, labor, or legacy costs to the user.
In keeping with the insight that what matters economically is the business model, not the technological sophistication itself, Christensen's theory explains why many disruptive innovations are not "advanced technologies", which a default hypothesis would lead one to expect. Rather, they are often novel combinations of existing off-the-shelf components, applied cleverly to a small, fledgling value network.
Online news site TechRepublic proposes an end using the term, and similar related terms, suggesting that it is overused jargon as of 2014.[14]
What is (isn't) Disruptive Innovation [15]Edit
Disruption is a process, not a product or service, that occurs from the fringe to mainstream
Originate in low-end (less-demanding customers) or new market (where none existed) footholds
New firm's don't catch on with mainstream customers until quality catches up with their standards
Success is not a requirement and some business can be disruptive but fail
New firm's business model differs significantly from incumbent
TheoryEdit
The current theoretical understanding of disruptive innovation is different from what might be expected by default, an idea that Clayton M. Christensen called the "technology mudslide hypothesis". This is the simplistic idea that an established firm fails because it doesn't "keep up technologically" with other firms. In this hypothesis, firms are like climbers scrambling upward on crumbling footing, where it takes constant upward-climbing effort just to stay still, and any break from the effort (such as complacency born of profitability) causes a rapid downhill slide. Christensen and colleagues have shown that this simplistic hypothesis is wrong; it doesn't model reality. What they have shown is that good firms are usually aware of the innovations, but their business environment does not allow them to pursue them when they first arise, because they are not profitable enough at first and because their development can take scarce resources away from that of sustaining innovations (which are needed to compete against current competition). In Christensen's terms, a firm's existing value networks place insufficient value on the disruptive innovation to allow its pursuit by that firm. Meanwhile, start-up firms inhabit different value networks, at least until the day that their disruptive innovation is able to invade the older value network. At that time, the established firm in that network can at best only fend off the market share attack with a me-too entry, for which survival (not thriving) is the only reward.[6]
Christensen defines a disruptive innovation as a product or service designed for a new set of customers.
Generally, disruptive innovations were technologically straightforward, consisting of off-the-shelf components put together in a product architecture that was often simpler than prior approaches. They offered less of what customers in established markets wanted and so could rarely be initially employed there. They offered a different package of attributes valued only in emerging markets remote from, and unimportant to, the mainstream.[16]
Christensen argues that disruptive innovations can hurt successful, well-managed companies that are responsive to their customers and have excellent research and development. These companies tend to ignore the markets most susceptible to disruptive innovations, because the markets have very tight profit margins and are too small to provide a good growth rate to an established (sizable) firm.[17] Thus, disruptive technology provides an example of an instance when the common business-world advice to "focus on the customer" (or "stay close to the customer", or "listen to the customer") can be strategically counterproductive.
While Christensen argued that disruptive innovations can hurt successful, well-managed companies, O'Ryan countered that "constructive" integration of existing, new, and forward-thinking innovation could improve the economic benefits of these same well-managed companies, once decision-making management understood the systemic benefits as a whole.
How low-end disruption occurs over time.[clarification needed]
Christensen distinguishes between "low-end disruption", which targets customers who do not need the full performance valued by customers at the high end of the market, and "new-market disruption", which targets customers who have needs that were previously unserved by existing incumbents.[18]
"Low-end disruption" occurs when the rate at which products improve exceeds the rate at which customers can adopt the new performance. Therefore, at some point the performance of the product overshoots the needs of certain customer segments. At this point, a disruptive technology may enter the market and provide a product that has lower performance than the incumbent but that exceeds the requirements of certain segments, thereby gaining a foothold in the market.
In low-end disruption, the disruptor is focused initially on serving the least profitable customer, who is happy with a good enough product. This type of customer is not willing to pay premium for enhancements in product functionality. Once the disruptor has gained a foothold in this customer segment, it seeks to improve its profit margin. To get higher profit margins, the disruptor needs to enter the segment where the customer is willing to pay a little more for higher quality. To ensure this quality in its product, the disruptor needs to innovate. The incumbent will not do much to retain its share in a not-so-profitable segment, and will move up-market and focus on its more attractive customers. After a number of such encounters, the incumbent is squeezed into smaller markets than it was previously serving. And then, finally, the disruptive technology meets the demands of the most profitable segment and drives the established company out of the market.
"New market disruption" occurs when a product fits a new or emerging market segment that is not being served by existing incumbents in the industry.
The extrapolation of the theory to all aspects of life has been challenged,[19][20] as has the methodology of relying on selected case studies as the principal form of evidence.[19] Jill Lepore points out that some companies identified by the theory as victims of disruption a decade or more ago, rather than being defunct, remain dominant in their industries today (including Seagate Technology, U.S. Steel, and Bucyrus).[19] Lepore questions whether the theory has been oversold and misapplied, as if it were able to explain everything in every sphere of life, including not just business but education and public institutions.[19]
Disruptive technologyEdit
In 2009, Milan Zeleny described high technology as disruptive technology and raised the question of what is being disrupted. The answer, according to Zeleny, is the support network of high technology.[21] For example, introducing electric cars disrupts the support network for gasoline cars (network of gas and service stations). Such disruption is fully expected and therefore effectively resisted by support net owners. In the long run, high (disruptive) technology bypasses, upgrades, or replaces the outdated support network. Questioning the concept of a disruptive technology, Haxell (2012) questions how such technologies get named and framed, pointing out that this is a positioned and retrospective act.[22][23]
Technology, being a form of social relationship,[citation needed] always evolves. No technology remains fixed. Technology starts, develops, persists, mutates, stagnates, and declines, just like living organisms.[24] The evolutionary life cycle occurs in the use and development of any technology. A new high-technology core emerges and challenges existing technology support nets (TSNs), which are thus forced to coevolve with it. New versions of the core are designed and fitted into an increasingly appropriate TSN, with smaller and smaller high-technology effects. High technology becomes regular technology, with more efficient versions fitting the same support net. Finally, even the efficiency gains diminish, emphasis shifts to product tertiary attributes (appearance, style), and technology becomes TSN-preserving appropriate technology. This technological equilibrium state becomes established and fixated, resisting being interrupted by a technological mutation; then new high technology appears and the cycle is repeated.
Regarding this evolving process of technology, Christensen said:
The technological changes that damage established companies are usually not radically new or difficult from a technological point of view. They do, however, have two important characteristics: First, they typically present a different package of performance attributes—ones that, at least at the outset, are not valued by existing customers. Second, the performance attributes that existing customers do value improve at such a rapid rate that the new technology can later invade those established markets.[25]
The World Bank's 2019 World Development Report on The Changing Nature of Work[26] examines how technology shapes the relative demand for certain skills in labor markets and expands the reach of firms - robotics and digital technologies, for example, enable firms to automate, replacing labor with machines to become more efficient, and innovate, expanding the number of tasks and products. Joseph Bower[27] explained the process of how disruptive technology, through its requisite support net, dramatically transforms a certain industry.
When the technology that has the potential for revolutionizing an industry emerges, established companies typically see it as unattractive: it’s not something their mainstream customers want, and its projected profit margins aren’t sufficient to cover big-company cost structure. As a result, the new technology tends to get ignored in favor of what’s currently popular with the best customers. But then another company steps in to bring the innovation to a new market. Once the disruptive technology becomes established there, smaller-scale innovation rapidly raise the technology’s performance on attributes that mainstream customers’ value.[28]
For example, the automobile was high technology with respect to the horse carriage; however, it evolved into technology and finally into appropriate technology with a stable, unchanging TSN. The main high-technology advance in the offing is some form of electric car—whether the energy source is the sun, hydrogen, water, air pressure, or traditional charging outlet. Electric cars preceded the gasoline automobile by many decades and are now returning to replace the traditional gasoline automobile. The printing press was a development that changed the way that information was stored, transmitted, and replicated. This allowed empowered authors but it also promoted censorship and information overload in writing technology.
Milan Zeleny described the above phenomenon.[29] He also wrote that:
Implementing high technology is often resisted. This resistance is well understood on the part of active participants in the requisite TSN. The electric car will be resisted by gas-station operators in the same way automated teller machines (ATMs) were resisted by bank tellers and automobiles by horsewhip makers. Technology does not qualitatively restructure the TSN and therefore will not be resisted and never has been resisted. Middle management resists business process reengineering because BPR represents a direct assault on the support net (coordinative hierarchy) they thrive on. Teamwork and multi-functionality is resisted by those whose TSN provides the comfort of narrow specialization and command-driven work.[30]
Social media could be considered a disruptive innovation within sports. More specifically, the way that news in sports circulates nowadays versus the pre-internet era where sports news was mainly on T.V., radio, and newspapers. Social media has created a new market for sports that was not around before in the sense that players and fans have instant access to information related to sports.
High-technology effectsEdit
High technology is a technology core that changes the very architecture (structure and organization) of the components of the technology support net. High technology therefore transforms the qualitative nature of the TSN's tasks and their relations, as well as their requisite physical, energy, and information flows. It also affects the skills required, the roles played, and the styles of management and coordination—the organizational culture itself.
This kind of technology core is different from regular technology core, which preserves the qualitative nature of flows and the structure of the support and only allows users to perform the same tasks in the same way, but faster, more reliably, in larger quantities, or more efficiently. It is also different from appropriate technology core, which preserves the TSN itself with the purpose of technology implementation and allows users to do the same thing in the same way at comparable levels of efficiency, instead of improving the efficiency of performance.[31]
As for the difference between high technology and low technology, Milan Zeleny once said:
The effects of high technology always breaks the direct comparability by changing the system itself, therefore requiring new measures and new assessments of its productivity. High technology cannot be compared and evaluated with the existing technology purely on the basis of cost, net present value or return on investment. Only within an unchanging and relatively stable TSN would such direct financial comparability be meaningful. For example, you can directly compare a manual typewriter with an electric typewriter, but not a typewriter with a word processor. Therein lies the management challenge of high technology.[32]
However, not all modern technologies are high technologies. They have to be used as such, function as such, and be embedded in their requisite TSNs. They have to empower the individual because only through the individual can they empower knowledge. Not all information technologies have integrative effects. Some information systems are still designed to improve the traditional hierarchy of command and thus preserve and entrench the existing TSN. The administrative model of management, for instance, further aggravates the division of task and labor, further specializes knowledge, separates management from workers, and concentrates information and knowledge in centers.
As knowledge surpasses capital, labor, and raw materials as the dominant economic resource, technologies are also starting to reflect this shift. Technologies are rapidly shifting from centralized hierarchies to distributed networks. Nowadays knowledge does not reside in a super-mind, super-book, or super-database, but in a complex relational pattern of networks brought forth to coordinate human action.
Example of disruptionEdit
In the practical world, the popularization of personal computers illustrates how knowledge contributes to the ongoing technology innovation. The original centralized concept (one computer, many persons) is a knowledge-defying idea of the prehistory of computing, and its inadequacies and failures have become clearly apparent. The era of personal computing brought powerful computers "on every desk" (one person, one computer). This short transitional period was necessary for getting used to the new computing environment, but was inadequate from the vantage point of producing knowledge. Adequate knowledge creation and management come mainly from networking and distributed computing (one person, many computers). Each person's computer must form an access point to the entire computing landscape or ecology through the Internet of other computers, databases, and mainframes, as well as production, distribution, and retailing facilities, and the like. For the first time, technology empowers individuals rather than external hierarchies. It transfers influence and power where it optimally belongs: at the loci of the useful knowledge. Even though hierarchies and bureaucracies do not innovate, free and empowered individuals do; knowledge, innovation, spontaneity, and self-reliance are becoming increasingly valued and promoted.[33]
Amazon Alexa, Airbnb are some other examples of disruption.
Uber is not an example of disruption because it did not originate in a low-end or new market footholds.[15] One of the conditions for the business to be considered disruptive according to Clayton M. Christensen is that the business should originate on a) low-end or b) new-market footholds. Instead, Uber was launched in San Franscisco, a large urban city with an established taxi service and did not target low-end customers or created a new market (from the consumer perspective). In contrast, UberSELECT, an option that provides luxurious cars such as limousine at a discounted price, is an example of disruption innovation because it originates from low-end customers segment - customers who would not have entered the traditional luxurious market.
ExamplesEdit
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Market disrupted by innovation
Academia Wikipedia Traditional encyclopedias Traditional, for-profit general encyclopedias with articles written by paid experts have been displaced by Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia which is written and edited by volunteer editors. Former market leader Encyclopædia Britannica ended its print production after 244 years in 2012.[34] Britannica's price of over $1000, its physical size of dozens of hard-bound volumes, its weight of over 100 pounds, its number of articles (about 120,000) and its update cycles lasting a year or longer made it unable to compete with Wikipedia, which provides free, online access to over 5 million articles with most of them updated more frequently.
Wikipedia not only disrupted printed paper encyclopedias; it also disrupted digital encyclopedias. Microsoft's Encarta, a 1993 entry into professionally edited digital encyclopedias, was once a major rival to Britannica but was discontinued in 2009.[35] Wikipedia's free access, online accessibility on computers and smartphones, unlimited size and instant updates are some of the challenges faced by for-profit competition in the encyclopedia market.
Communication Telephony Telegraphy When Western Union declined to purchase Alexander Graham Bell's telephone patents for $100,000, their highest-profit market was long-distance telegraphy. Telephones were only useful at that time for very local calls. Short-distance telegraphy barely existed as a market segment, which explains Western Union's decision to not enter the emerging telephone market. However, telephones quickly displaced telegraphs, as telephones offered much greater communication capacity than telegraphs.
Computing hardware Minicomputers Mainframes Minicomputers were originally presented as an inexpensive alternative to mainframes and mainframe manufacturers did not consider them a serious threat in their market. Eventually, the market for minicomputers (led by Seymor Cray—daisy chaining his minisupercomputers) became much larger than the market for mainframes.
Personal computers Minicomputers, Workstations. Word processors, Lisp machines
Pocket calculator 3.5 standard calculator[1] Equivalent computing performance and portable[10]
Digital calculator Mechanical calculator Facit AB used to dominate the European market for calculators, but did not adapt digital technology, and failed to compete with digital competitors.[36]
Smartphones Personal computers, laptops, PDAs Smartphones and tablets are more portable than traditional PCs and laptops.
Data storage 8 inch floppy disk drive 14 inch hard disk drive The floppy disk drive market has had unusually large changes in market share over the past fifty years. According to Clayton M. Christensen's research, the cause of this instability was a repeating pattern of disruptive innovations.[37] For example, in 1981, the old 8 inch drives (used in mini computers) were "vastly superior" to the new 5.25 inch drives (used in desktop computers).[16]
However, 8 inch drives were not affordable for the new desktop machines. The simple 5.25 inch drive, assembled from technologically inferior "off-the-shelf" components,[16] was an "innovation" only in the sense that it was new. However, as this market grew and the drives improved, the companies that manufactured them eventually triumphed while many of the existing manufacturers of eight inch drives fell behind.[37]
5.25 inch floppy disk drive 8 inch floppy disk drive
3.5 inch floppy disk drive 5.25 inch floppy disk drive
CDs and USB flash drives Bernoulli drive and Zip drive
Display Light-emitting diodes Light bulbs A LED is significantly smaller and less power-consuming than a light bulb. The first optical LEDs were weak, and only useful as indicator lights. Later models could be used for indoor lighting, and now several cities are switching to LED street lights. Incandescent light bulbs are being phased out in many countries. LED displays and AMOLED are also becoming competitive with LCDs.
LCD LED displays CRT The first liquid crystal displays (LCD) were monochromatic and had low resolution. They were used in watches and other handheld devices, but during the early 2000s these (and other planar technologies) largely replaced the dominant cathode ray tube (CRT) technology for computer displays and television sets.
CRT sets were very heavy, and the size and weight of the tube limited the maximum screen size to about 38 inches; in contrast, LCD and other flat-panel TVs are available in 40", 50", 60" and even bigger sizes, all of which weigh much less than a CRT set. CRT technologies did improve in the late 1990s with advances like true-flat panels and digital controls; however, these updates were not enough to prevent CRTs from being displaced by flat-panel LCD and LED TVs.
Manufacturing Hydraulic excavators Cable-operated excavators Hydraulic excavators were clearly innovative at the time of introduction but they gained widespread use only decades after. However, cable-operated excavators are still used in some cases, mainly for large excavations.[38]
Mini steel mills Vertically integrated steel mills By using mostly locally available scrap and power sources these mills can be cost effective even though not large.[39]
Plastic Metal, wood, glass etc. Bakelite and other early plastics had very limited use - their main advantages were electric insulation and low cost. New forms of plastic had advantages such as transparency, elasticity and combustibility. In the early 21st century, plastics can be used for many household items previously made of metal, wood and glass.
Medical Ultrasound Radiography (X-ray imaging) Ultrasound technology is disruptive relative to X-ray imaging. Ultrasound was a new-market disruption. None of the X-ray companies participated in ultrasound until they acquired major ultrasound equipment companies.[40]
Music and video Digital synthesizer Electronic organ, electric piano and piano Synthesizers were initially low-cost, low-weight alternatives to electronic organs, electric pianos and acoustic pianos. In the 2010s, synthesizers are significantly cheaper than electric pianos and acoustic pianos, all while offering a much greater range of sound effects and musical sounds.[citation needed]
Gramophone Pianola
Downloadable Digital media CDs, DVDs In the 1990s, the music industry phased out the vinyl record single, leaving consumers with no means to purchase individual songs. This market was initially filled by illegal peer-to-peer file sharing technologies, and then by online retailers such as the iTunes Store and Amazon.com.
This low end disruption eventually undermined the sales of physical, high-cost recordings such as records, tapes and CDs.[41]
Streaming video Video rental Video on demand software can run on many Internet-enabled devices. Since licensing deals between film studios and streaming providers have become standard, this has obviated the need for people to seek rentals at physically separate locations. Netflix, a dominant company in this market, was cited as a significant threat to video stores when it first expanded beyond DVD by mail offerings. The Netflix co-founders approached rental chain Blockbuster LLC in 2000 trying to sell their company. Blockbuster declined and ultimately ceased operation ten years later.[42]
Photography Digital photography Chemical photography Early digital cameras suffered from low picture quality and resolution and long shutter lag. Quality and resolution are no longer major issues in the 2010s and shutter lag issues have been largely resolved. The convenience of small memory cards and portable hard drives that hold hundreds or thousands of pictures, as well as the lack of the need to develop these pictures, also helped make digital cameras the market leader. Digital cameras have a high power consumption (but several lightweight battery packs can provide enough power for thousands of pictures).
Cameras for classic photography are stand-alone devices. In the same manner, high-resolution digital video recording has replaced film stock, except for high-budget motion pictures and fine art.[citation needed] The rise of digital cameras led Eastman Kodak, one of the largest camera companies for decades, to declare bankruptcy in 2012. Despite inventing one of the first digital cameras in 1975, Kodak remained invested in traditional film until much later.[43][44]
High speed CMOS video sensors Photographic film When first introduced, high speed CMOS sensors were less sensitive, had lower resolution, and cameras based on them had less duration (record time). The advantage of rapid setup time, editing in the camera, and nearly-instantaneous review quickly eliminated 16 mm high speed film systems. CMOS-based cameras also require less power (single phase 110 V AC and a few amps for high-performance CMOS, direct current 5V or 3.3V and two or three amps for low-power CMOS,[45] vs. 240 V single- or three-phase at 20-50 A for film cameras). Continuing advances have overtaken 35 mm film and are challenging 70 mm film applications.[citation needed]
Publishing Computer printers Offset printing Offset printing has a high overhead cost, but very low unit cost compared to computer printers, and superior quality. But as printers, especially laser printers, have improved in speed and quality, they have become increasingly useful for creating documents in limited issues.[citation needed]
Desktop publishing Traditional publishing Early desktop-publishing systems could not match high-end professional systems in either features or quality, but their impact was felt immediately as they lowered the cost of entry to the publishing business. By the mid-1990s, DTP had largely replaced traditional tools in most prepress operations.[citation needed]
Word Processing Typewriter The typewriter has been replaced with word processing software that has a wealth of functionality to stylize, copy and facilitate document production.
Transportation Steamboats Sailing ships The first steamships were deployed on inland waters where sailing ships were less effective, instead of on the higher profit margin seagoing routes. Hence steamships originally only competed in traditional shipping lines' "worst" markets.[citation needed]
Automobiles Rail transport At the beginning of the 20th century, rail (including streetcars) was the fastest and most cost-efficient means of land transportation for goods and passengers in industrialized countries. The first cars, buses and trucks were used for local transportation in suburban areas, where they often replaced streetcars and industrial tracks. As highways expanded, medium- and later long-distance transports were relocated to road traffic, and some railways closed down. As rail traffic has a lower ton-kilometer cost, but a higher investment and operating cost than road traffic, rail is still preferred for large-scale bulk cargo (such as minerals). However, traffic congestion provides a bound on the efficiency of car use, and so rail is still used for urban passenger transport.
High speed rail Short distance flights In almost every market where high speed rail with journey times of two hours or less was introduced in competition with an air service, the air service was either greatly reduced within a few years or ceased entirely. Even in markets with longer rail travel times, airlines have reduced the amount of flights on offer and passenger numbers have gone down. Examples include the Barcelona-Madrid high speed railway, the Cologne Frankfurt high speed railway (where no direct flights are available as of 2016) or the Paris-London connection after the opening of High Speed 1. For medium-distance trips, like between Beijing & Shanghai, the high speed rail and airlines often end up in extremely stiff competition.
Private jet Supersonic transport The Concorde aircraft has so far been the only supersonic airliner in extensive commercial traffic. However, it catered to a small customer segment, which could later afford small private sub-sonic jets. The loss of speed was compensated by flexibility and a more direct routing (i.e. no need to go through a hub). Supersonic flight is also banned above inhabited land, due to sonic booms. Concorde service ended in 2003.[46]
Potential opportunitiesEdit
Major opportunities according to researchers and consultants
Digital Transformation $100 Trillion Global [47]
Asteroid Mining $100 Trillion Global [48]
Open borders $78 Trillion Global [49]
Disruptive Technologies $14- $33 trillion Global [50][51]
E-Commerce [52] $22 Trillion Developing Countries
Wealth Management $22 Trillion Global [53]
Smart City Tech $20 Trillion Global [54]
Artificial Intelligence $15.7 trillion Global [55]
Climate Change Mitigation $7 Trillion Global [56]
Advancing Women's Equality $12 Trillion Global [57][58]
Free Trade $11 Trillion Global [59]
Circular Economy $4.5 Trillion Global [60]
Closing Gender pay Gap $2 Trillion OECD [61]
Longer Working Lives $2 Trillion OECD [62]
Empower Young Workforce $1.2 Trillion OECD [63]
Car Sharing $1 Trillion Global [64]
Potential threatsEdit
Drug resistant infections $100 Trillion Global[65]
Traffic Congestion $2.8 Trillion USA [66]
Blue Ocean Strategy
Culture lag
Embrace, extend, extinguish
Killer application
Leapfrogging
List of emerging technologies
Pace of innovation
Technology readiness level (NASA)
Technology strategy
Creative disruption
^ a b Christensen 1997, p. xviii. Christensen describes as "revolutionary" innovations as "discontinuous" "sustaining innovations".
^ Ab Rahman, Airini; et al. (2017). "Emerging Technologies with Disruptive Effects: A Review". PERINTIS eJournal. 7 (2). Retrieved 21 December 2017.
^ Bower, Joseph L. & Christensen, Clayton M. (1995)
^ Bagehot (15 June 2017). "Jeremy Corbyn, Entrepreneur". The Economist. p. 53. Retrieved 23 June 2017. The most influential business idea of recent years is Clayton Christensen’s theory of disruptive innovation.
^ Christensen 2003, p. 49.
^ a b Christensen 1997, p. 47.
^ Assink, Marnix (2006). "Inhibitors of disruptive innovation capability: a conceptual model". European Journal of Innovation Management. 9 (2): 215–233. doi:10.1108/14601060610663587.
^ Durantin, Arnaud; Fanmuy, Gauthier; Miet, Ségolène; Pegon, Valérie (1 January 2017). Disruptive Innovation in Complex Systems. Complex Systems Design & Management. pp. 41–56. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49103-5_4. ISBN 978-3-319-49102-8.
^ Bower, Joseph L. & Christensen, Clayton M. (1995). However the concept of new technologies leading to wholesale economic change is not a new idea since Joseph Schumpeter adapted the idea of creative destruction from Karl Marx. Schumpeter (1949) in one of his examples used "the railroadization of the Middle West as it was initiated by the Illinois Central". He wrote, "The Illinois Central not only meant very good business whilst it was built and whilst new cities were built around it and land was cultivated, but it spelled the death sentence for the [old] agriculture of the West."Disruptive Technologies: Catching the Wave" Harvard Business Review, January–February 1995
^ a b Christensen 1997.
^ Christensen 1997, p. 3.
^ Christensen 2003.
^ Johnson, Mark, Christensen, Clayton, et al., 2008, "Reinventing Your Business Model, Harvard Business Review, December 2008.
^ Conner Forrest, May 1, 2014, 5:52 AM PST, https://www.techrepublic.com/article/startup-jargon-10-terms-to-stop-using/
^ a b Christensen, Clayton M.; Raynor, Michael E.; McDonald, Rory (2015-12-01). "What Is Disruptive Innovation?". Harvard Business Review (December 2015). ISSN 0017-8012. Retrieved 2019-06-25.
^ a b c Christensen 1997, p. 15.
^ Christensen 1997, p. i-iii.
^ Christensen 2003, p. 23-45.
^ a b c d Lepore, Jill (2014-06-23), "Annals of enterprise: The disruption machine: What the gospel of innovation gets wrong.", The New Yorker. Published online 2014-06-17 under the headline 'What the Theory of “Disruptive Innovation” Gets Wrong'.
^ Weeks, Michael (2015), "Is disruption theory wearing new clothes or just naked? Analyzing recent critiques of disruptive innovation theory.", Innovation, 17 (4): 417–428, doi:10.1080/14479338.2015.1061896 |Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice 17:4, 417-428
^ Zeleny, Milan (2012). "High Technology and Barriers to Innovation: From Globalization to Localization". International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making. 11 (2): P 441. doi:10.1142/S021962201240010X.
^ Haxell, A. (2013). Enactments of change: Becoming textually active at Youthline NZ. (PhD Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation), Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia. Retrieved from http://dro.deakin.edu.au/view/DU:30061580
^ Bhatt, I. (2017). Assignments as Controversies: Digital Literacy and Writing in Classroom Practice. New York, N.Y.: Routledge.
^ Oliver, Gassmann (May 2006). "Opening up the innovation process: towards an agenda". R&D Management. 36 (3): P 223–366. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9310.2006.00437 (inactive 2019-07-13).
^ Christensen, Clayton (January 1995). "Disruptive Technologies Catching the Wave". Harvard Business Review: P 3.
^ World Bank World Development Report 2019: The Changing Nature of Work.
^ "HBS Faculty & Research".
^ Bower, Joseph (May 2002). "Disruptive Change". Harvard Business Review. 80 (5): P 95–101.
^ Zeleny, Milan (January 2009). "Technology and High Technology: Support Net and Barriers to Innovation". Advanced Management Systems. 01 (1): P 8–21.
^ Zeleny, Milan (September 2009). "Technology and High Technology: Support Net and Barriers to Innovation". Acta Mechanica Slovaca. 36 (1): P 6–19.
^ Masaaki, Kotabe; Scott Swan (January 2007). "The role of strategic alliances in high-technology new product development". Strategic Management Journal. 16 (8): 621–636. doi:10.1002/smj.4250160804.
^ Zeleny, Milan (2006). "Knowledge-information autopoietic cycle: towards the wisdom systems". International Journal of Management and Decision Making. 7 (1): P 3–18. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.334.3208. doi:10.1504/IJMDM.2006.008168.
^ Brown, Brad (March 2014). "Views from the front lines of the data-analytics revolution". McKinsey Quarterly.
^ Bosman, Julie (13 March 2012). "After 244 Years, Encyclopaedia Britannica Stops the Presses". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
^ Tartakoff, Joseph (2009-03-30). "Victim Of Wikipedia: Microsoft To Shut Down Encarta". paidContent. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
^ Sandström, Christian G. (2010). "A revised perspective on Disruptive Innovation – Exploring Value, Networks and Business models (Theisis submitted to Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-11. Retrieved 2010-11-22.
^ a b Christensen 1997, p. 3-28.
^ Christensen 1997, pp. 61–76.
^ Knopper, Steve (2009). Appetite for self-destruction : the spectacular crash of the record industry in the digital age. New York: Free Press. ISBN 978-1-4165-5215-4.
^ Spector, Mike (2010-09-24). "Blockbuster to remake itself under creditors". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2017-08-06.
^ McAlone, Nathan (2015-08-17). "Inventor of digital camera says Kodak never let it see the light of day". Business Insider. Retrieved 2017-08-06.
^ "Kodak and The Digital Revolution - Management of Innovation and Change — PRADEEP SINGH". PRADEEP SINGH. 2015-03-05. Retrieved 2018-11-20.
^ iPhone 7 Plus
^ "Concorde grounded for good". BBC News, 10 April 2003. 10 April 2003. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
^ "$100 Trillion by 2025: the Digital Dividend for Society and Business". World Economic Forum. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
^ "The Biggest Opportunity of our Generation: Asteroid Mining could be a $100 Trillion Industry". Futurism. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
^ "A world of free movement would be $78 trillion richer". The Economist. 2017-07-13. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
^ "Disruptive technologies: Advances that will transform life, business, and the global economy". McKinsey & Company. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
^ "These 7 Disruptive Technologies Could Be Worth Trillions of Dollars". Singularity Hub. 2017-06-16. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
^ "unctad.org | $22 trillion e-commerce opportunity for developing countries". unctad.org (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-03-11.
^ "The firms that trade stocks for mom and pop have a $22 trillion opportunity". Business Insider. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
^ Inc., InterDigital. "Smart City Tech to Drive Over 5% Incremental GDP, Trillions in Economic Growth Over the Next Decade Reports ABI Research". GlobeNewswire News Room. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
^ Nelson, Eshe. "AI will boost global GDP by nearly $16 trillion by 2030—with much of the gains in China". Quartz. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
^ Whiting, Alex (2018-01-26). "At Davos, bosses paint climate change as $7 trillion opportunity". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
^ "How advancing women's equality can add $12 trillion to global growth". McKinsey & Company. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
^ McGrath, Maggie. "The $12 Trillion Opportunity Ripe For Investing Dollars: Advancing Gender Equality". Forbes. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
^ Lomborg, Bjørn (2018-03-15). "A Trade War On the World's Poorest by Bjørn Lomborg". Project Syndicate. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
^ "Waste to Wealth: Creating advantage in a circular economy". Retrieved 2018-02-21.
^ PricewaterhouseCoopers. "Women in Work Index". PwC. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
^ PricewaterhouseCoopers. "Golden Age Index". PwC. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
^ PricewaterhouseCoopers. "Young Workers Index 2017". PwC. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
^ "Lyft thinks we can end traffic congestion and save $1 trillion by selling our second cars". The Verge. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
^ Sanofi. "Evotec and Sanofi in exclusive talks to create an Evotec-led Infectious Disease open innovation R&D platform". GlobeNewswire News Room. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
^ INRIX. "AMERICANS WILL WASTE $2.8 TRILLION ON TRAFFIC BY 2030 IF GRIDLOCK PERSISTS | INRIX". INRIX - INRIX. Retrieved 2018-03-28.
Anthony, Scott D.; Johnson, Mark W.; Sinfield, Joseph V.; Altman, Elizabeth J. (2008). Innovator's Guide to Growth - Putting Disruptive Innovation to Work. Harvard Business School Press. ISBN 978-1-59139-846-2.
Daniele Archibugi, Blade Runner Economics: Will Innovation Lead the Economic Recovery?, Social Science Research Network, January 29, 2015.
Archibugi, Daniele; Filippetti, Andrea; Frenz, Marion (2013). "Economic crisis and innovation: Is destruction prevailing over accumulation?". Research Policy. 42 (2): 303–314. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2012.07.002.
How to Identify and Build Disruptive New Businesses, MIT Sloan Management Review Spring 2002
Christensen, Clayton M. (1997), The innovator's dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail, Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Harvard Business School Press, ISBN 978-0-87584-585-2. (edit)
Christensen, Clayton M. & Overdorf, Michael. (2000). "Meeting the Challenge of Disruptive Change" Harvard Business Review, March–April 2000.
Christensen, Clayton M., Bohmer, Richard, & Kenagy, John. (2000). "Will Disruptive Innovations Cure Health Care?" Harvard Business Review, September 2000.
Christensen, Clayton M. (2003). The innovator's solution : creating and sustaining successful growth. Harvard Business Press. ISBN 978-1-57851-852-4.
Christensen, Clayton M.; Scott, Anthony D.; Roth, Erik A. (2004). Seeing What's Next. Harvard Business School Press. ISBN 978-1-59139-185-2.
Christensen, Clayton M., Baumann, Heiner, Ruggles, Rudy, & Sadtler, Thomas M. (2006). "Disruptive Innovation for Social Change" Harvard Business Review, December 2006.
Mountain, Darryl R., Could New Technologies Cause Great Law Firms to Fail?
Mountain, Darryl R (2006). "Disrupting conventional law firm business models using document assembly". International Journal of Law and Information Technology. 15 (2): 170–191. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.473.3109. doi:10.1093/ijlit/eal019.
Tushman, M.L.; Anderson, P. (1986). "Technological Discontinuities and Organizational Environments". Administrative Science Quarterly. 31 (3): 439–465. doi:10.2307/2392832. JSTOR 2392832.
Eric Chaniot (2007). "The Red Pill of Technology Innovation" Red Pill, October 2007.
Further readingEdit
Danneels, Erwin (2004). "Disruptive Technology Reconsidered: A Critique and Research Agenda" (PDF). Journal of Product Innovation Management. 21 (4): 246–258. doi:10.1111/j.0737-6782.2004.00076.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-01-12.
Danneels, Erwin (2006). "From the Guest Editor: Dialogue on The Effects of Disruptive Technology on Firms and Industries". Journal of Product Innovation Management. 23 (1): 2–4. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5885.2005.00174.x.
Roy, Raja (2014). "Exploring the Boundary Conditions of Disruption: Large Firms and New Product Introduction With a Potentially Disruptive Technology in the Industrial Robotics Industry". IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. 61 (1): 90–100. doi:10.1109/tem.2013.2259590.
Roy, Raja; Cohen, S.K. (2015). "Disruption in the US machine tool industry: The role of inhouse users and pre-disruption component experience in firm response". Research Policy. 44 (8): 1555–1565. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2015.01.004.
Weeks, Michael (2015). "Is disruption theory wearing new clothes or just naked? Analyzing recent critiques of disruptive innovation theory" Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice 17:4, 417-428. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14479338.2015.1061896
Wikiversity has learning resources about Disruptive innovation
Peer-reviewed chapter on Disruptive Innovation by Clayton Christensen with public commentaries by notable designers like Donald Norman
The Myth of Disruptive Technologies. Note that Dvorák's definition of disruptive technology describes the low cost disruption model, above. He reveals the overuse of the term and shows how many disruptive technologies are not truly disruptive.
"The Disruptive Potential of Game Technologies: Lessons Learned from its Impact on the Military Simulation Industry", by Roger Smith in Research Technology Management (September/October 2006)
Disruptive Innovation Theory
Bibliography of Christensen’s "Theory of Disruptive Innovation" as it relates to higher education
What does Disruption mean?
Diffusion of Innovations, Strategy and Innovations The D.S.I Framework by Francisco Rodrigues Gomes, Academia.edu share research
CREATING THE FUTURE: Building Tomorrow’s World
Lecture (video), VoIP as an example of disruptive technology
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Disruptive_innovation&oldid=906088437"
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Inner Space Cavern
(Redirected from Inner Space Caverns)
For other uses, see Inner space (disambiguation).
Find sources: "Inner Space Cavern" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Innerspace cavern, Georgetown, Tx
The main entrance to Inner Space Cavern
Inner Space Cavern is a karst cave located in Georgetown, Texas. The cave was discovered by the Texas Highway Department in 1963 during the construction of Interstate 35.[1] There were several large openings to the caverns during the Ice Age, and several skeletons of prehistoric Ice-Age animals have been found in the caverns; many were trapped in the cave after they fell through the opening, unable to escape, and others drowned in thick, quicksand-like mud at the bottom of watering holes. Some filled-in sinkholes have been found, including the prehistoric entrance to the caverns. Several miles of cave passage have been surveyed, with many sections of the cave remaining unexplored, due to filled-in areas blocking passage.
The caverns were carved by water passing through Edwards limestone. The caverns are estimated to be 90–100 million years old but were only open to the surface since the late Pleistocene period 20,000–45,000 years ago, evidenced by finds of mammoth and saber-toothed cat bones.[2] All natural entrances closed approximately 14,000 years ago.
The cave was opened to the public in 1966.[2] Three different levels of tours are available, ranging from a basic guided tour to guided spelunking, with over 1.2 miles of passage being open to the public. However, non-public passages are well-guarded and independent exploration is not allowed. Apart from the main entrance, which was created by dynamite blasts, one of the original 18-inch diameter drilled holes serves as an emergency entryway/exit and a means for ventilating the cave.
^ "A look into the dark depths of Inner Space Caverns for 50th anniversary". 10 June 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2018.
^ a b "Ancient cave underneath highway in Georgetown worth exploring". Retrieved 23 July 2018.
Media related to Inner Space Cavern (Georgetown, Texas) at Wikimedia Commons
Inner Space Cavern official website
Inner Space Cavern from the Handbook of Texas Online
Map: 30°36′28″N 97°41′16″W / 30.60778°N 97.68778°W / 30.60778; -97.68778Coordinates: 30°36′28″N 97°41′16″W / 30.60778°N 97.68778°W / 30.60778; -97.68778
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Scanning joule expansion microscopy
Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy is a form of scanning probe microscopy heavily based on atomic force microscopy that maps the temperature distribution along a surface. Resolutions down to 10 nm have been achieved[1] and 1 nm resolution is theoretically possible. Thermal measurements at the nanometer scale are of both academic and industrial interest, particularly in regards to nanomaterials and modern integrated circuits.
Basic PrinciplesEdit
Simplified schematic of Scanning Joule expansion microscope.
Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy (SJEM) is based on the contact operation model of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). During the operation, the tip on the cantilever is brought into contact with the surface of the sample. AC or pulsed electrical signal is applied to the sample creating Joule heating and resulting in periodic thermal expansion.[2] At the same time, the laser, which is focused on the top surface of the cantilever and the photodiode of the equipment, detects the displacement of the cantilever. The detecting photodiode is composed of two segments, which normalizes the incoming signal deflected from the cantilever. This differential signal is proportional to the cantilever deflection.[3]
The deflection signals are caused not only by sample topography, but also by the thermal expansion caused by Joule heating. Since AFM has feedback controller with a bandwidth, for example 20 kHz (different AFM may have different bandwidths), the signal below 20 kHz is captured and processed by the feedback controller which then adjusts the z-piezo to image surface topography. Joule heating frequency is kept well above 20 kHz to avoid feedback response and to separate topological and thermal effects. The upper limit of the frequency is limited by the decrease of thermoelastic expansion with the inverse power of the modulation frequency and the frequency characteristics of the cantilever arrangement.[4] A lock-in amplifier is specially tuned to the Joule heating frequency for detecting only the expansion signal and provides the information to an auxiliary Atomic Force Microscopy channel to create the thermal expansion image. Usually expansion signals approximately 0.1 Angstroms start to be detected, although the resolution of SJEM highly depends on the whole system (cantilever, sample surface, etc.).
By comparison, Scanning Thermal Microscopy (SThM) has coaxial thermocouple at the end of sharp metal tip. The spatial resolution of SThM critically depends on the thermocouple sensor size. Much effort has been dedicated to reducing sensor size to sub-micrometre scales. The quality and resolution of the images are very dependent on the nature of the thermal contact between tip and the sample; hence it is quite difficult to control in a reproducible way. The fabrication also becomes very challenging particularly for thermocouple sensor size below 500 nm.[2] With optimization on the design and the fabrication, it was possible to achieve resolution around 25 nm.[3] Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy, however, has the potential of achieving similar to AFM resolution of 1~10 nm. In practice, however, the spatial resolution is limited to the size of the liquid film bridge between the tip and the sample, which is typically about 20 nm.[2] The microfabricated thermocouples used for Scanning Thermal Microscopy are rather expensive and more importantly very fragile. Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy has been used to measure the local heat dissipation of an in-plane gate (IPG) transistor to study hot spots in semiconductor devices,[4] and thin-film alloy like cobalt-nickel silicide.[5]
Signal acquisition and analysisEdit
Signal obtained by the AFM (and captured by lock-in amplifier) are actually representations of the cantilever deflection at a specific frequency. However, besides thermal expansion, several other sources may also result in cantilever deflection.
Thermally induced cantilever bendingEdit
This is usually due to the mismatch in thermal expansion of two cantilever materials, for instance, silicon cantilever coated with a thin layer of metal (to increase the deflection). When heated, materials with higher expansion coefficient will expand more than the material with lower expansion coefficient. In this case, two materials, one in tensile strain, the other in compression strain, will induce substantial bending. However, this mechanism can be excluded for two reasons; first, cantilever coatings have been stripped experimentally and no change in signal was observed; second, the calculated thermal diffusion length in SiNx and Si cantilevers at the SJEM working frequency (typically 10 kHz~100 kHz) is small, much smaller than the length of the cantilever(typically 100 um).[2][6]
Pressure wavesEdit
When the sample heats and contracts due to rapid Joule heating from an applied AC power source, pressure waves may be radiated from the sample. This wave may interact with the cantilever, causing additional deflection. However, this possibility is unlikely. For sinusoidal heating, the wavelength of the acoustic wave in air with speed of 340 m/s is about several millimeters, which is much larger than the length of cantilever. Furthermore, experiments have been carried out under vacuum, in which case there are no air pressure waves. In the experiment, it was observed that when the cantilever was out of contact with sample surface, no deflection signal was detected.[2][6]
Piezoelectric effectEdit
In piezoelectric materials, mechanical expansion occurs due to applied bias. Therefore, if the sample is such a material, an additional piezoelectric effect must be considered when analyzing the signal. Typically, piezoelectric expansion is linearly dependent on applied voltage and a simple subtraction can be used to correct for this effect.
Electrostatic force interactionEdit
When a bias is applied to the sample for Joule heating, there is also an electrostatic force interaction between the tip and the sample. The tip-sample electrostatic force can be represented as F = 1 2 d C d z V 2 {\displaystyle F{=}{\frac {1}{2}}{\operatorname {d} C \over \operatorname {d} z}V^{2}}
, in which C is the tip sample capacitance, and V is the voltage, Z is the tip and sample distance. This force also depends on V 2 {\displaystyle V^{2}}
, the same as the expansion signal. Usually electrostatic force is small because the sample has been covered with a polymer layer. However, when applied voltage is large, this force needs to be considered. Electrostatic force does not depend on the frequency of the applied AC signal, therefore allowing for a simple method to differentiate and account for this contribution.[2][6]
Thermal expansionEdit
This is primary mode of signal and the main goal of SJEM. The substrate expands when Joule heated, resulting in change in the measured profile by the cantilever, resulting in a change in signal. However, thermal expansion coefficients can vary significantly. For example, the thermal expansion coefficients of metal are typically one order of magnitude higher than those of dielectric and amorphous materials; while the expansion coefficient of polymer is one order higher than those of metals. So by coating the sample surface with a layer of polymer, the expansion signal could be enhanced. More importantly, after coating, the signal only depends on the temperature, independent of the expansion coefficient of different materials, allowing for SJEM to be used for a wide array of samples. Expansion signal increases linearly with temperature and thus quadratically with voltage. In addition, expansion signal increases monotonically with the thickness of coating polymer, while the resolution will decrease due to greater thermal diffusion. Lastly, expansion signal decreases as the frequency increases.
Extraction of TemperatureEdit
By using the expansion signal, the temperature can be extracted as follows: the signal that captured by the lock-in amplifier is converted into the bending of cantilever. Using Δ L = α C E T L Δ T {\displaystyle \Delta \,L{=}\alpha \,\!_{CET}L\Delta \,T}
,and applying the known expansion coefficient, α C E T {\displaystyle \alpha \,\!_{CET}}
and polymer thickness, L(which could be measured by AFM or ellipsometer), the expansion signal is obtained. The smallest expansion that can be resolved is about 10pm. In order to extract accurate temperatures, additional modeling taking into account thermal expansion and cantilever bending is necessary. Moreover, calibration using a reference system, such as metallic films, is required.
ModelingEdit
One-dimensional transient finite element modelEdit
When the sample is large enough, edge effects can be ignored. Therefore, a simple one-dimensional finite element model can be a good approximation.
The basic thermal equation is:
ρ C p d T d t = ∇ ( k ∇ T ) + Q {\displaystyle \rho \,\!C_{p}{\operatorname {d} T \over \operatorname {d} t}{=}\nabla \left(k\nabla \ T\right)+Q}
Here, ρCp is the heat capacitance;K is the thermal conductivity and Q is the input power.
Rearrange the equation in a discrete form according to each element:
ρ C p T n t − T n t − 1 Δ t = k n T n − 1 t − T n t Δ x 2 + k n + 1 T n + 1 t − T n t Δ x 2 + Q n {\displaystyle \rho \,\!C_{p}{\frac {T_{n}^{t}-T_{n}^{t-1}}{\Delta \ t}}{=}k_{n}{\frac {T_{n-1}^{t}-T_{n}^{t}}{\Delta \ x^{2}}}+k_{n+1}{\frac {T_{n+1}^{t}-T_{n}^{t}}{\Delta \ x^{2}}}+Q_{n}}
Here, T n t {\displaystyle T_{n}^{t}}
represents the specific temperature of position element n at time element t. Using software could solve the equations and obtained the temperature T. The expansion magnitude could be obtained by:
Δ L = α C E T L Δ T {\displaystyle \Delta \,L{=}\alpha \,\!_{CET}L\Delta \,T}
α C E T {\displaystyle \alpha \,\!_{CET}}
is the thermal expansion coefficient of the polymer and L is its thickness.
Two- or three-dimensional finite element model with electrical-thermal-mechanical couplingEdit
Commercialized software can be used for 2D/3D finite element modeling. In such software, the appropriate differential equations for electrical, thermal and mechanical expansion are chosen and proper boundary conditions are set. In addition, electrical-thermal coupling exists in the sample because the resistance is a function of temperature. This is additionally accounted for by typical FEM software packages.
ApplicationsEdit
Integrated circuit interconnectsEdit
Miniaturization of modern integrated circuits has led to hugely increased current densities and therefore, self-heating. In particular, vias, or vertical interconnects, experience extreme local temperature fluctuations, which can strongly influence the electrical performance of multi-level interconnect structures. In addition, these large, highly localized temperature fluctuations cause repeated stress gradients on the vias, ultimately leading to device failure. Traditional thermometry techniques use electrical characterization to determine resistivity and estimate the average temperature along an interconnect. However, this method is not able to characterize local temperature rises which may be significantly higher near vias due to their extremely high aspect ratios. Optical methods are diffraction limited to resolutions greater than 1 um, far larger than most modern vias feature sizes. SJEM has been used to do in situ thermal mapping of these devices with lateral resolution in the sub-0.1 um range.[7]
In addition, size effects also play an important role in modern interconnects. As dimensions of the metal decrease, thermal conductivity begins to decrease from that of the bulk material, further creating cause for concern. SJEM has been used to extract thermal conductivities of constrictions in different thicknesses of thin metallic films. The extracted values show agreement with those predicted by the Wiedemann-Franz law.[1]
Integrated circuit transistorsEdit
Understanding thermal properties of transistors are vital for the semiconductor industry as well. Similar to interconnects, repeated thermal stresses can eventually lead to device failure. However, more importantly, electrical behavior, and therefore device parameters change significantly with temperature. SJEM has been used to map local hotspots in thin film transistors.[4] By determining the location of these hotspots, they can be better understood and reduced or eliminated. One disadvantage to this method is that, like AFM, only the surface can be mapped. Consequently, additional processing steps would be required in order to map buried features, such as most features in modern IC transistors.
Nanoscale materialsEdit
Nanoscale materials are becoming widely investigated for their many advantages in commercial electronics. In particular, these materials are known for excellent mobility as well as ability to carry high current densities. In addition, new applications have been realized for these materials including thermoelectrics, solar cells, fuel cells, etc. However, significant decrease in size scale in conjunction with increases in current density and device density leads to extreme temperature rises in these devices. These temperature fluctuations can influence electrical behavior and lead to device failure. Therefore, these thermal effects must be studied carefully, in situ, to realize nanoscale electronics. SJEM can be used for this purpose, allowing for in situ high-resolution thermal mapping.
Possible materials and devices for thermal mapping include high electron mobility transistors,[8] nanotubes, nanowires, graphene sheets, nanomeshes, and nanoribbons, and other molecular electronic materials. In particular, SJEM can be directly used for characterization of band gap distributions in nanotube transistors, nanowires, and graphene nanomeshes and nanoribbons. It can also be used to locate hotspots and defects in these materials. Another example of a simple, direct application is thermal mapping of rough nanowires for thermolelectric applications.
Remaining QuestionsEdit
Although SJEM is a very powerful technique for temperature detection, significant questions still remain regarding its performance.
This technique is far more complex than traditional AFM. Unlike AFM, SJEM needs to consider the type of polymer, the thickness of polymer used to coat the sample and the frequency to drive the device.[1] This additional processing often can degrade or compromise the integrity of the sample. For micro/nano devices, wire-bonding is usually necessary to apply voltage, further increasing processing and decreasing throughput. During scanning, the magnitude of the voltage, frequency, and scanning speeds need to be considered. Calibration must also be done using a reference system in order to ensure accuracy. Finally, a complex model must be used to account for all these factors and parameters.
Second, there may be artifact effects near the edges (or steps). Near the edges where large height differences or material mismatches exist, artifact expansion signals are usually detected. The exact cause has not been found. It is widely believed that the tip sample interaction near the edges can account for these artifacts. At the edges, forces are present not only in the vertical direction but possibly also in the lateral direction, disrupting the cantilever motion. In addition, at a large step, loss of contact between the tip and the sample could result in an artifact in the image. Another concern is that the polymer coating near the step may not be uniform, or possibly not continuous. Further investigations near edges and junctions need to be carried out.
Finally, interactions between the tip and electric field can occur when large gate biases are applied to the substrate. Fringing effects and other geometric concerns can lead to electric field concentrations, leading to large deviations from the normal baseline tip interaction which cannot be easily subtracted. This is especially problematic where the polymer expansion is small, leading to artifacts from this effect dominating. The contribution from these artifacts can be reduced by applying thicker polymer coatings or operating at a lower gate bias to decrease electric field. However, this occurs at the expense of resolution due to increased thermal diffusion in the thicker polymer layer as well as increased noise. In addition, devices may not be fully modulated at lower gate biases.
^ a b c Gurrum, Siva P.; King, William P.; Joshi, Yogendra K.; Ramakrishna, Koneru (2008). "Size Effect on the Thermal Conductivity of Thin Metallic Films Investigated by Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy". Journal of Heat Transfer. ASME International. 130 (8): 082403. doi:10.1115/1.2928014. ISSN 0022-1481.
^ a b c d e f Varesi, J.; Majumdar, A. (5 January 1998). "Scanning Joule expansion microscopy at nanometer scales". Applied Physics Letters. AIP Publishing. 72 (1): 37–39. doi:10.1063/1.120638. ISSN 0003-6951.
^ a b Majumdar, A.; Varesi, J. (1998). "Nanoscale Temperature Distributions Measured by Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy". Journal of Heat Transfer. ASME International. 120 (2): 297. doi:10.1115/1.2824245. ISSN 0022-1481.
^ a b c Bolte, J.; Niebisch, F.; Pelzl, J.; Stelmaszyk, P.; Wieck, A. D. (15 December 1998). "Study of the hot spot of an in-plane gate transistor by scanning Joule expansion microscopy". Journal of Applied Physics. AIP Publishing. 84 (12): 6917–6922. doi:10.1063/1.368989. ISSN 0021-8979.
^ Cannaerts, M; Chamirian, O; Maex, K; Haesendonck, C Van (11 February 2002). "Mapping nanometre-scale temperature gradients in patterned cobalt-nickel silicide films". Nanotechnology. IOP Publishing. 13 (2): 149–152. doi:10.1088/0957-4484/13/2/304. ISSN 0957-4484.
^ a b c John B. Varesi, “Development and Implementation of Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy”. MS thesis, 1997
^ M. Igeta; K. Banerjee; G. Wu; C. Hu; A. Majumdar (2000). "Thermal characteristics of submicron vias studied by scanning Joule expansion microscopy". IEEE Electron Device Letters. 21: 224-226. doi:10.1109/55.841303.
^ Dietzel, D.; Meckenstock, R.; Chotikaprakhan, S.; Bolte, J.; Pelzl, J.; Aubry, R.; Jacquet, J.C.; Cassette, S. (2004). "Thermal expansion imaging and finite element simulation of hot lines in high power AlGaN HEMT devices". Superlattices and Microstructures. Elsevier BV. 35 (3–6): 477–484. doi:10.1016/j.spmi.2003.09.009. ISSN 0749-6036.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scanning_joule_expansion_microscopy&oldid=899595053"
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Serasa, Brunei-Muara
For the settlement, see Serasa.
Serasa is a mukim or subdistrict of Brunei-Muara District in Brunei. It is headed by penghulu and is currently held by Johari bin Abdul Razak.[2] In 2014, it had a population of 16,242.[1] Serasa is home to the de facto town of Muara, and subsequently the location of Muara Port, the main shipping port of the country.
Mukim Serasa
Mukim
Location of Serasa in Brunei-Muara District, Brunei
Villages: Kapok, Meragang, Muara, Sabun and Serasa
• Penghulu
Johari bin Abdul Razak
GeographyEdit
Serasa is the north-easternmost mukim in Brunei-Muara District. It borders by land only with the subdistrict of Mentiri to the west; the rest are bounded by the South China Sea to the north and the Brunei Bay to the east and south.
There are several island bodies off the coast of Serasa and the two which are well-known include Pelong Rocks (Malay: Pulau Pilong-Pilongan) and Pulau Muara Besar. There are also two sand spits found on its coast: Pelumpong Spit, which is originally a spit but has become a narrow island when an artificial channel was cut to provide access to Muara Port;[3] and Serasa Spit, an artificial spit.
AdministrationEdit
Serasa is administered as a mukim or subdistrict, the second-level administrative division of Brunei. It is a mukim subdivision under Brunei-Muara District.
As a mukim, the community of Serasa is headed by a penghulu; the incumbent is Johari bin Abdul Razak.[2]
The area of Serasa is officially divided further into six village administrative divisions, namely: Kapok, Meragang, Muara, Pelumpong, Sabun and Serasa. All are populated places except Pelumpong, which constitutes the Pelumpong Spit. Although Muara is a village subdivision, it is known as Pekan Muara (literally 'Muara Town');[4] Muara has no municipal body.
EducationEdit
Primary and secondary education are available for the community of Serasa. Primary education is provided in a few government primary schools in Kapok, Muara and Serasa, where as the sole secondary school, Pengiran Isteri Hajjah Mariam Secondary School, provides the secondary counterpart.
Islamic religious education, compulsory for the Muslim pupils in Brunei, is also available in Serasa and provided in a few religious schools. They may share grounds with the primary schools.
There is also a sixth form college located in Meragang, namely Meragang Sixth Form Centre. It provides optional sixth form education after secondary for the resident students of Serasa as well as those living in the neighbouring mukims.
ReligionEdit
As almost 10,000 of Serasa's population are Muslim,[1] mosques have been built to accommodate the need of its mainly Muslim communities for places to conduct Islamic congregrational activities, in particular the Jumu'ah or weekly Friday prayers. There are a few mosques in Serasa, namely Setia Ali Mosque, Kampong Kapok Mosque and Kampong Perpindahan Serasa Mosque, which serve the populaces of Muara, Kapok and Serasa respectively.[5]
Places of interestEdit
The coast of Serasa which borders the South China Sea is lined with the beaches of Meragang, Muara and Tanjong Batu and they have been designated as places of recreation for the public.
The coast of the artificial Serasa Spit is also lined with beach features. The area of this Serasa Beach has also been made into a public recreational area.[6]
Brooketon Colliery is a disused coal mine. It was developed during the period of Charles Brooke's rule of Sarawak in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Muara is home to the base of the Royal Brunei Navy.[7][8]
^ a b c d "Rencana - Keindahan Kampung Batong berlatarbelakangkan..." www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
^ a b "Program Sua Muka diteruskan di Mukim Serasa – Media Permata Online". Media Permata Online (in Malay). 2017-12-14. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
^ "Ports department - Muara Port facilities". Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-05-28.
^ "Muara to Experience Rapid Growth and Development | Brunei's No.1 News Website". www.brudirect.com. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
^ "SenaraiMasjid - SenaraiMasjid". www.kheu.gov.bn (in Malay). Retrieved 2018-02-16.
^ "Department of Environment, Park and Recreation - Serasa Beach". www.env.gov.bn. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
^ "Sultan graces RBAF 56th Anniversary celebrations at Muara naval base – Borneo Bulletin Online". Borneo Bulletin Online. 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
^ "Muara Naval Base - Naval Technology". Naval Technology. Retrieved 2018-02-16.
Coordinates: 5°00′29″N 115°03′09″E / 5.00806°N 115.05250°E / 5.00806; 115.05250
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serasa,_Brunei-Muara&oldid=882635948"
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South Africa national rugby sevens team
This article is about the men's team. For the women's team, see South Africa women's national rugby sevens team.
The South African national rugby sevens team competes in the World Rugby Sevens Series, the Rugby World Cup Sevens, the Summer Olympic Games and the Commonwealth Games.
Nickname(s)
Blitzboks, Blitzbokke
South African Rugby Union
Neil Powell
Philip Snyman
Cecil Afrika (1,430)
Top try scorer
Seabelo Senatla (224)
First colours
Second colours
Runner-up (1997)
After readmission to international sport, the team played their first sevens series in the 1993 Hong Kong Sevens and also participated in the 1993 Rugby World Cup Sevens. They also played in the Hong Kong Sevens for the next two seasons. In 1996, they also took part in the Punta Del Este Sevens in Uruguay and the Dubai Sevens.
They participated in the 1997 Rugby World Cup Sevens the following year and in 1998, they played three South American tournaments – the Mar Del Plata Sevens in Argentina, the Punta Del Este Sevens and the Viña del Mar Sevens in Chile.
1999 saw them participate in the Mar Del Plata Sevens, the Santiago Sevens in Chile, the Fiji Sevens, the Hong Kong Sevens, the Japan Sevens and the Paris Sevens.
At the end of 1999, the first World Rugby Sevens Series (then the IRB Sevens World Series) started and the team have been participating in that series ever since.
In addition to the Sevens Series, they also played in the Rugby World Cup Sevens, the Commonwealth Games, the World Games and, from 2016 onwards, the Olympic Games.
The team's nickname, "Blitzboks", is derived from "blitz" an Afrikaans word meaning lightening, and the derivative of Springbok ("Bok"), the official emblem of the South African rugby team.
2002 Commonwealth Games Bronze Medal
2005 World Games Silver Medal
2008–09 IRB Sevens World Series Champions
2009 World Games Bronze Medal
2013 World Games Gold Medal
2014 Commonwealth Games Gold Medal
2016 Summer Olympics Bronze Medal
2016–17 World Rugby Sevens Series Champions
2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens Bronze Medal
Summer OlympicsEdit
Olympic Games record
2016 Semifinalists 3rd 6 4 2 0
Rugby World Cup SevensEdit
World Cup Sevens record
1993 Quarterfinalists 5th 8 6 2 0
1997 Finalists 2nd 7 6 1 0
Commonwealth GamesEdit
Commonwealth Games record
2006 Plate Finalists 6th 6 3 3 0
2014 Champions 1st 6 6 0 0
2018 Semifinalists 4th 5 3 2 0
World GamesEdit
2001 Akita[1]
2005 Duisburg
2009 Kaohsiung[2]
2013 Cali[3]
World Rugby Sevens SeriesEdit
Main article: South Africa at the World Rugby Sevens Series
Series winsEdit
South Africa won the following editions on the Sevens World Series since its inception in 1999–2000:
World Series wins
Tournament wins
2008–09 132 Fiji (102) 3
2016–17 192 England (164) 5
Series tournament winsEdit
South Africa won the following tournaments on the Sevens World Series since its inception in 1999–2000:
Cup wins
Final opponent
2001–02 2002 Wellington Sevens Samoa 17–14
2002–03 2003 Cardiff Sevens Argentina 35–17
2003–04 2003 Dubai Sevens New Zealand 33–26
2004 Singapore Sevens Argentina 24–19
2004–05 2005 London Sevens England 21–12
2005–06 2006 Paris Sevens Samoa 33–12
2007–08 2008 Adelaide Sevens New Zealand 15–7
2008–09 2008 Dubai Sevens England 19–12
2008 South Africa Sevens New Zealand 12–7
2009 Adelaide Sevens Kenya 26–7
2010–11 2011 USA Sevens Fiji 24–14
2011 London Sevens Fiji 24–14
2011 Edinburgh Sevens Australia 36–35
2012–13 2013 USA Sevens New Zealand 40–21
2013 Japan Sevens New Zealand 24–19
2013 Scotland Sevens New Zealand 28–21
2013–14 2013 South Africa Sevens New Zealand 17–14
2014 USA Sevens New Zealand 14–7
2014–15 2014 Dubai Sevens Australia 33–7
2014 South Africa Sevens New Zealand 26–17
2015–16 2015 South Africa Sevens Argentina 29–14
2016–17 2016 Dubai Sevens Fiji 26–14
2017 Wellington Sevens Fiji 26–5
2017 Sydney Sevens England 29–14
2017 USA Sevens Fiji 19–12
2017 Paris Sevens Scotland 15–5
2018 Paris Sevens England 24–14
Current seasonEdit
Main article: 2018–19 South Africa national rugby sevens team season
PlayersEdit
For a complete list of every player to have represented the Blitzbokke, see List of South Africa national rugby sevens players.
Main article: 2018–19 World Rugby Sevens Series squads § South Africa
The following players have been named in the squad for the 2019 Singapore Sevens:[4]
2019 Singapore Sevens squad
Date of birth (age)
Tournaments
Kurt-Lee Arendse Back (1996-06-17) 17 June 1996 (age 23) 2019 Canada Sevens 3 12 25 [5]
Angelo Davids Back (1999-06-01) 1 June 1999 (age 20) 2019 Hong Kong Sevens 2 11 10 [6]
Selvyn Davids Back (1994-03-26) 26 March 1994 (age 25) 2017 Hong Kong Sevens 13 64 272 [7]
Chris Dry Forward (1988-02-13) 13 February 1988 (age 31) 2010 Adelaide Sevens 68 342 465 [8]
Branco du Preez Back (1990-05-08) 8 May 1990 (age 29) 2010 Wellington Sevens 69 350 1,253 [9]
Stedman Gans Back (1997-03-19) 19 March 1997 (age 22) 2017 USA Sevens 17 80 120 [10]
Justin Geduld Back (1993-10-01) 1 October 1993 (age 25) 2013 Wellington Sevens 44 228 926 [11]
Werner Kok Back / Forward (1993-01-17) 17 January 1993 (age 26) 2013 London Sevens 45 229 510 [12]
Sako Makata Forward (1998-09-10) 10 September 1998 (age 20) 2019 USA Sevens 4 16 5 [13]
James Murphy Forward (1995-11-30) 30 November 1995 (age 23) 2018 Hong Kong Sevens 3 12 0 [14]
Ryan Oosthuizen Forward (1995-05-22) 22 May 1995 (age 24) 2017 Hong Kong Sevens 15 72 80 [15]
Siviwe Soyizwapi (c) Back (1992-12-07) 7 December 1992 (age 26) 2016 Hong Kong Sevens 26 134 415 [16]
Impi Visser Forward (1995-05-30) 30 May 1995 (age 24) 2018 Dubai Sevens 8 45 50 [17]
Updated after the 2019 Singapore Sevens.
(c) denotes the team captain.
In addition to the players above, the following players are also contracted to the South Africa Sevens squad for the 2018–19 World Rugby Sevens Series:[18]
2018–2019 South Africa World Rugby Sevens contracted players
Cecil Afrika Back (1988-03-03) 3 March 1988 (age 31) 2009 Dubai Sevens 61 318 1,430 [19]
Kyle Brown Forward (1987-02-06) 6 February 1987 (age 32) 2008 Dubai Sevens 69 347 445 [20]
Zain Davids Forward (1997-05-04) 4 May 1997 (age 22) 2017 Wellington Sevens 18 88 60 [21]
Muller du Plessis Back (1999-06-25) 25 June 1999 (age 20) 2018 USA Sevens 8 33 105 [22]
Dewald Human Back (1995-05-19) 19 May 1995 (age 24) 2017 Paris Sevens 8 37 102 [23]
Mfundo Ndhlovu Back (1997-04-05) 5 April 1997 (age 22) 2018 Hong Kong Sevens 3 14 15 [24]
JC Pretorius Forward (1998-01-29) 29 January 1998 (age 21) 2019 Sydney Sevens 3 16 40 [25]
Philip Snyman Forward (1987-03-26) 26 March 1987 (age 32) 2008 Dubai Sevens 60 272 366 [26]
Rosko Specman [a] Back (1989-04-28) 28 April 1989 (age 30) 2014 Wellington Sevens 28 150 380 [27]
^ Rosko Specman was available for the first two events of the series before joining the Bulls for the 2019 Super Rugby season.
Previous squadsEdit
The previous South African Sevens squads are as follows:
^ "Rugby: Rugby 7s". The World Games. Archived from the original on 17 May 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
^ "World Games Day 2: Fiji cruise to Gold Medal". Ultimate Rugby Sevens. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
^ "2013 World Games rugby results". Retrieved 7 January 2014.
^ "Blitzboks accept the Singapore challenge – Powell" (Press release). South African Rugby Union. 12 April 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ "HSBC Sevens World Series : Kurt-Lee Arendse". World Rugby. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ "HSBC Sevens World Series : Angelo Davids". World Rugby. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ "HSBC Sevens World Series : Selvyn Davids". World Rugby. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ "HSBC Sevens World Series : Chris Dry". World Rugby. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ "HSBC Sevens World Series : Branco Du Preez". World Rugby. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ "HSBC Sevens World Series : Stedman Gans". World Rugby. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ "HSBC Sevens World Series : Justin Geduld". World Rugby. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ "HSBC Sevens World Series : Werner Kok". World Rugby. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ "HSBC Sevens World Series : Sakoyisa Makata". World Rugby. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ "HSBC Sevens World Series : James Murphy". World Rugby. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ "HSBC Sevens World Series : Ryan Oosthuizen". World Rugby. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ "HSBC Sevens World Series : Siviwe Soyizwapi". World Rugby. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ "HSBC Sevens World Series : Impi Visser". World Rugby. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ "Final push for Blitzboks as World Series looms" (Press release). South African Rugby Union. 5 November 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
^ "HSBC Sevens World Series : Cecil Afrika". World Rugby. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ "HSBC Sevens World Series : Kyle Brown". World Rugby. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ "HSBC Sevens World Series : Zain Davids". World Rugby. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ "HSBC Sevens World Series : Muller du Plessis". World Rugby. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ "HSBC Sevens World Series : Dewald Human". World Rugby. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ "HSBC Sevens World Series : Mfundo Ndhlovu". World Rugby. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ "HSBC Sevens World Series : JC Pretorius". World Rugby. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ "HSBC Sevens World Series : Philip Snyman". World Rugby. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
^ "HSBC Sevens World Series : Rosko Specman". World Rugby. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
WorldRugby profile
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Africa_national_rugby_sevens_team&oldid=896541814"
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Tom Colten
Arthur Thomas Colten, known as Tom Colten (October 21, 1922 – December 5, 2004),[1] was a Louisiana newspaperman and politician from the 1950s to the 1990s who rose from a small-town mayoralty position to head his state's Department of Transportation and Development under three governors from both parties. Colten was also active in the slow process of establishing a viable Republican Party in his adopted state.
Arthur Thomas "Tom" Colten
Tom Colten as mayor of Minden, Louisiana
Mayor of Minden, Louisiana, USA
Frank T. Norman
Jacob E. "Pat" Patterson
President of the Louisiana Municipal Association
Charles J. Pasqua
Wilson Moosa
(1922-10-21)October 21, 1922
December 5, 2004(2004-12-05) (aged 82)
Frankfort, Franklin County, Kentucky, USA
Jane Kimmel Colten (married 1947–2004, his death)
Connie Colten
Craig Edward Colten
Lee Colten
Newspaper publisher; Businessman
Early years and newspaper careerEdit
A native of Detroit, Michigan, Colten was a United States Army veteran of World War II, with service stateside from 1942 to 1946. After the war, he received his bachelor's degree from DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana, where he was a member of Delta Upsilon social fraternity.
In 1947, Colten moved to Indianapolis, Indiana. In 1948, he relocated to Bogalusa in Washington Parish in southeastern Louisiana, and became business manager and stockholder of the Bogalusa Daily News, since a Wick Communications publication. He left that position in 1955 and relocated to Minden, the seat of Webster Parish in northwestern Louisiana, to become publisher of what became the daily Minden Press-Herald, which at the time consisted of two weekly papers, the Minden Press on Mondays and the Minden Herald on Thursdays. Major (not a military title) dePingre' was the editor of the papers at the time. As publisher, Colten was active in civic affairs and became well known in the community. He was initially in partnership in Minden Newspapers with Charles A. Nutter of New Orleans but purchased Nutter's half of the company on January 29, 1962. Nutter became the executive secretary of Hallmark Cards in Kansas City, Missouri.[2][3]
In 1960, Colten named Charles E. Maple as news editor of both the Press and the Herald. Maple came to Minden from Murfreesboro, Arkansas, where he had been publisher and editor of the Pike County Press, covering Pike County.[4] In 1963, Colten was named "Boss of the Year" in Minden.[5] He sold the Press-Herald in 1965 and became the executive director of the Minden Chamber of Commerce until June 1966, when he announced his candidacy for mayor.[6] Maple served a stint as the chamber director to succeed Colten beginning in September 1966.[7]
The Minden Press and the 'Minden Herald were each weeklies, but they merged into the daily Minden Press-Herald on July 18, 1966, with an accent still on local news.[8] "He [Colten] set an example for all who follow in his footsteps at the Press-Herald," said the then Press-Herald editor and publisher Josh Beavers. "He published a fine product every press run and we strive to emulate his success daily."
In 1964, Colten was named president of the Minden Chamber of Commerce.[9] That same year, he was president of the Louisiana Press Association and filed as a Republican for a Ward 4 seat on the Webster Parish School Board but soon withdrew from consideration,[10] and two Democrats ran unopposed for both seats at stake.
In 1967, as the newly elected mayor, he was named "Minden Man of the Year."[11]
Small-town politicsEdit
Unlike many northern Republican transplants to Louisiana who became Democrats so that they could participate in the state's then pivotal closed primary elections, Colten maintained Republican affiliation and could hence vote only in general elections or in special elections. In June 1966, Colten announced his candidacy for mayor of Minden, a position once held by a former Democratic governor, Robert F. Kennon. Minden has also produced five congressmen, including Democrat Jerry Huckaby, who graduated from Minden High School in 1959. But Huckaby's Fifth Congressional District, which he represented from 1977 to 1993, never included Webster Parish until Huckaby's defeat and then only temporarily.
Until Colten, no Republican had ever before even run for mayor of Minden. The city had practically no registered Republicans, and Colten did not mention party affiliation. While Minden was overwhelmingly Democratic in registration, Senator Barry M. Goldwater of Arizona had easily won the city and Webster Parish in the previous presidential election. And the Republican senatorial candidate Taylor W. O'Hearn had won there in 1962 as well in his unsuccessful challenge to Russell B. Long.
Colten was the Webster Parish campaign manager in the general election held on March 3, 1964 for the Republican gubernatorial nominee Charlton Lyons of Shreveport.[12] Lyons lost the parish to his successful Democratic opponent John McKeithen.
The 1964 presidential election was the last before passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which empowered large numbers of African American voters, who had not previously been a deciding force in Minden politics. Though Colten ran for mayor in 1966 as a racial moderate, two years earlier he had spoken before a Minden civic group in opposition to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which he called "a threat to the economy."[13] He cited the case of Motorola, which had to discontinue aptitude tests in employee selection because African Americans had scored less well on such examinations than had whites. "This is a socialistic trend against private enterprise," Colten said.[14] With the passage of civil rights laws and court rulings outlawing segregation, blacks grew in influence in the community. Minden was 52 percent black, according to the 2010 census.
Candidate Colten claimed that he wanted to get Minden "moving," implying that the two-term incumbent, Frank T. Norman, who held the office since 1958 and had been the public safety commissioner from 1952 to 1958, had been too passive. Colten never used the "R" label. In fact, the Press-Herald on the day after the general election referred to Colten merely as "the challenger," with no mention of party affiliation. Colten received 2,044 votes (55.8 percent) to Norman's 1,622 (44.2 percent).[15] Norman had been handicapped in the race in part because a black candidate for mayor named J. D. Hampton, Jr. (1935–2015)—the first black mayoral candidate in city history—had opposed him in the Democratic primary held on August 13, 1966. Norman drew 70 percent of the vote in that exchange but fell short in November against Colten.[16][17]
First term as mayorEdit
Webster Parish historian John A. Agan wrote that "the respect Colten earned in the community where Republicans were practically nonexistent was a great tribute to his character and abilities."[18] Agan described Colten's approach to the office as "more businesslike" than had been the part-time manner of the Norman administration. Colten courted Democrats and once rode a "Democrat" donkey in a parade after losing a bet. He maintained good relations with U.S. Representative Joe Waggonner of Louisiana's 4th congressional district and Governor Edwin Edwards, all of which helped to alleviate the impact that Minden faced with curbacks at the largest nearby employer, the Louisiana Army Ammunition Plant.[19]
Once in office, Colten proposed a one-cent city sales tax to finance improvement projects, including a new city hall/civic center complex, street paving, fire stations, and parks. The tax passed by only four votes in a special election held on May 23, 1967: 1,544 to 1,540. Collection of the tax began on August 1.[20] McInnis Brothers contractors was low bidder at $740,276 for the city hall/civic center project.[21] Though there was some expansion from the capital improvements, Minden's population never increased much after the 1960 census, usually in the 12,000 to 13,000 range, but there was sluggish growth in outlying areas to the north.
Despite his Republican registration, he was strictly nonpartisan in the administration of the city. The five-man city council was all Democratic. He also understood how to use the media to his advantage and the value of continued public relations. He knew that the "earned media," as it is now called, was "free," whereas advertising cost the candidate. He wrote a paid column for the Press-Herald while he was mayor. This gave him additional "free advertising" to highlight his administration. Colten would "drop names" in the column, knowing that people he cited would probably vote to reelect him if he mentioned them.
In 1969, Colten was named the vice president of the Louisiana Municipal Association, the first Republican ever to serve in that position.[22]
Second term as mayorEdit
In his re-election advertising, Colten stressed the resurfacing of 625 city blocks in his first four years in office as well as the construction of a newly opened central fire station, two recreation centers, and improvements at the general aviation Minden Airport off the Caney Lake Road. He also could cite water, sewerage, and sanitation improvements as well as the building of the new City Hall and companion Civic Center.[23]
Once again, Frank Norman was Colten's opponent, but the incumbent had the advantage because the community leadership lined up solidly behind him. Yet, Colten seemed unsure as to whether he could win again and took nothing for granted. He had first considered running as an Independent in the general election but chose in the end to remain a Republican. In their 1970 rematch, Colten defeated Norman 2,381 votes (58.9 percent) to 1,661 ballots (41.1 percent).[24]
His second term did not proceed as smoothly as his first, though he was elected for the year 1972–73 as the president of the Louisiana Municipal Association, an association of then 322 mayors across the state. Colten was the first Republican ever to head the association.[25]
In the summer of 1973, Colten resigned as a full-time mayor and converted to part-time status so that he could accept the position of chief executive of the city's private hospital, Minden Medical Center, formerly known as Minden Sanitarium.[26] The change meant that Colten's $12,000 annual salary was cut to $200 per month, the same as for city council members at the time. Had Colten resigned, the senior council member, Jack Batton, whose older brother, J. D. Batton had been the parish sheriff from 1952 to 1964, would have become mayor for the remainder of Colten's term.[27] Colten hence announced that he would not seek a third term in 1974. Then he changed his mind and ran again for the full-time position. This time, Republicans contested most municipal positions.
In September 1974, some five hundred persons marched on City Hall to protest high utility bills in Minden. The dissidents were responding to the hastily formed Committee for Lower Utilities, headed by Steve Fomby, later a member of the Webster Parish School Board. Some complained that meter readers were staying in their trucks and estimating the readings. A convenience store owner said that if her excessive billing were repeated, she would have to close her doors. Electricity in Minden is sold by the municipality, which uses profits to finance a portion of city government costs.[28] Colten and the city council did not attend the rally against the utility bills. Colten was on city business in Baton Rouge at the time but said he would have cancelled the trip had he known about the rally in advance.[29] The utilities issue as well as the vacillation over full- and part-time status of the mayor are widely believed to have brought about the defeat of Colten. Several other city council members that year were also defeated, including Sanitation Commissioner Lonnie Lester "Red" Cupples (1914–1980) and Utilities Commissioner Fred T. "Tony" Elzen, Sr. (1922–2012)[30]
With one exception, the Republican ticket went down to defeat. Colten was unseated by the Democrat J.E. "Pat" Patterson, 3,186 (62.5 percent) to 1,914 (37.5 percent), a businessman who had formerly owned Tidecraft Boats. Republican Felix R. Garrett (1922–1987), a university educator, won election as city utilities commissioner in 1974, having unseated his former high school classmate, the Democrat Fred Elzen.[31] Four years later, Garrett took an open seat on the city council, when it converted to single-member districts.[32]
Future Minden Mayor Bill Robertson was elected without opposition in the 1974 general election as sanitation commissioner. Robertson had narrowly defeated Patrick Cary Nation (1918–2005), a retired coach and educator, in the Democratic runoff election held on September 26, 1974.[33]
In 1989, another Republican, Paul A. Brown, formerly of New Orleans, was elected mayor but served only a year. He was seriously injured in an accident on the Minden High School football field, was unable to serve as mayor, and died six years later. Brown was succeeded in 1990 by current Mayor Bill Robertson, an Arkansas native who won a sixth consecutive term in the 2010 general election. Colten and Brown had three things in common: they were Republicans, neither was a Minden native, and each had been executive director of the chamber of commerce before he ran for mayor.
Building a Republican Party in LouisianaEdit
As Colten left the office of mayor, the city council presented him with a plaque, "Minden's Best Damn Yankee Republican Mayor."[34] Colten was not the first Republican mayor in Louisiana. That designation went to Jack Breaux, who was elected mayor of Zachary in East Baton Rouge Parish in the spring of 1966.[35]
Though his Minden newspapers had endorsed Charlton Lyons for governor in 1964,[36] Colten approached city government from a nonpartisan basis. This discouraged Republicans who wanted to expand their party into a viable political force in the city and state. He did little to encourage other Republicans to run for office and once opposed a Republican candidate for sheriff by convincing the Webster Parish Republican Executive Committee to set the filing fee so high that it would discourage the candidate from running—it did not, however, in that case. Colten hence favored offering only serious candidates, not obscure place names to fill a ballot.
Colten also sometimes got involved in Democratic primary fights—particularly the "battle of the Montgomerys" for one of the thirty-nine seats in the Louisiana State Senate in 1967 and 1971. He favored (though he could not vote in the primary at the time) Jack Montgomery, a Springhill native and Minden lawyer who was challenging two-term State Senator Harold Montgomery of Doyline, also in Webster Parish. Jack Montgomery won in 1967, but Harold Montgomery returned to victory in 1971. The Montgomerys were not related.
Harold Montgomery told a reporter in 1975 that he could not understand why Colten, a Republican, had undercut him, when Harold Montgomery, unlike Jack Montgomery, had frequently supported Republican candidates, including Charlton Lyons, who opposed John McKeithen in the 1964 gubernatorial election and then Senator Goldwater for the presidency that same year. Harold Montgomery was one of the state senators who had sometimes quarreled with McKeithen. McKeithen supported Jack Montgomery, a Minden lawyer.
In 1972, Colten and State Representative Roderick Miller of Lafayette were among the few dissenting members of the Louisiana Republican State Central Committee who cast votes in opposition to a resolution calling upon the party to exercise responsiveness to the needs of African Americans, blue collar workers, young people, and the poor. The measure, approved by a vote of 87 to 9, came just five weeks after the Republican gubernatorial nominee, David C. Treen polled only 2 percent of the ballots among black voters.[37]
In 1975, out of the office of mayor and back in his previous role as the executive director of the Minden Chamber of Commerce,[5] Colten was named to a two-year term to the advisory council of the Small Business Administration by administrator Thomas S. Kleppe, a former U.S. representative from North Dakota and later the United States Secretary of Agriculture.[38]
In 1978, Colten accepted the position in Baton Rouge of general manager of the newly formed trade association, the Louisiana Association of Business and Industry, under president Edward J. Steimel, which had lobbied for the state right-to-work law in 1976.[39] On November 1, 1985, Colten was appointed by the Louisiana Republican State Central Committee, of which he had previously been an elected member, to the paid executive director position. The party chairman at the time was George Despot of Shreveport.[40]
Department of Transportation and DevelopmentEdit
In 1980, Governor Treen appointed Colten as the assistant secretary to Paul J. Hardy, who had been newly named as the secretary for the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development. Hardy was a former Louisiana Secretary of State who had been an unsuccessful gubernatorial candidate in 1979.[41] When Hardy left the top transportation post, Treen elevated Colten to secretary of the department. He served a second stint as assistant secretary of DOTD under Governor Buddy Roemer, with Neil Lassion Wagoner (1936-2018), a native of Winnfield who graduated with a degree in petroleum engineering from Louisiana Tech University in Ruston.[42] as the secretary. Colten in effect was the point man on state highways, and elected officials depended on his expertise. In the fourth administration of Democratic Governor Edwin Washington Edwards, Colten was from 1992 to 1993 the public relations officer for the highway section of DOTD. [43]
Late in 1972, Colten had been appointed by Governor Edwin Edwards as one of 27 delegates to the Louisiana Constitutional Convention, which began deliberations in Baton Rouge on January 5, 1973. Another 105 delegates were elected from their respective state House districts.[44] Colten was a former chairman of the Northwest Louisiana Clearinghouse Review Board. He was chairman of the board of directors of the Friends of Louisiana Public Broadcasting. He was a member of the Governor's Property Tax Study Committee, the Joint House–Senate Study Committee on Industrial Inducement, the East Baton Rouge Industrial Development Board, the State Deferred Compensation Commission,[45] the Louisiana Tourism Commission, and the Southern Rapid Rail Transit Commission.
Retirement in KentuckyEdit
Upon retirement from DOTD in 1993,[46] Colten and his wife, the former Jane Kimmel (1923–2013), moved to the capital city of Frankfort, Kentucky, to be near their younger son, Lee Arthur Colten (born 1958), a conservationist for the State of Kentucky, and his wife the former Marianna Mahoney. Jane Colten was a native of DuQuoin, Illinois, the daughter of Roberta Pyatt and Maurice Edward Kimmel, and like her husband a graduate of DePauw University.[47]
Colten was a member of the Frankfort Rotary International, the Blue Grass Area Development District, and the Frankfort and the Kentucky chambers of commerce.[48]
Colten died in Frankfort and is interred there, but the grave location was not announced. He was a member of the Minden Presbyterian Church, Broadmoor Presbyterian in Baton Rouge, and the South Frankfort Presbyterian Church in Kentucky. In addition to his wife and son Lee, Colten was survived by a daughter, Connie Colten (born 1951) of Austin, Texas; another son, Craig Edward Colten (born 1952), a geography professor at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge; a sister, Mary Colten Glodt (1920–2005), then of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and last residing in Houston, Texas, and a younger brother, Richard Colten (born c. 1931) of Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.[48]
Colten was not the only Minden mayor with newspaper experience. David William Thomas, who served from 1936 to 1940,[49] and W. Jasper Blackburn, who filled a one-year term from 1855 to 1856, had extensive experience in journalism as well. J. Frank Colbert, mayor from 1944 to 1946, was a former editor of the Minden Democrat and the Signal-Tribune, forerunners to the Minden Press-Herald. Former Mayor Connell Fort was also a newspaperman during a part of his career.
Mayor Bill Robertson said on Colten's death: "He made so many things possible. He is responsible for our civic center and so many other positive things that have happened in Minden."[48]
^ "Social Security Death Index". ssdi.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved June 6, 2010.
^ Minden Press, January 29, 1962, p.1
^ Minden Herald, February 1, 1962, p. 2
^ Minden Press, November 14, 1960, p. 1
^ a b "Colten is selected new chamber director", Minden Press-Herald, February 25, 1975, p. 1
^ Minden Press-Herald, June 12, 1966, p. 1
^ "Maple Named to Chamber Post", Minden Press-Herald, August 1, 1966, p. 1
^ Minden Press-Herald, July 18, 1966, p. 1
^ Minden Press, March 16, 1964, p. 1
^ "Colten Withdraws from Ward 4 School Race", Minden Herald, July 30, 1964, p. 1
^ Minden Press-Herald, October 2, 1970
^ "Gubernatorial HQ's Open for Campaign", Minden Press, February 3, 1964, p. 1
^ "Civil Rights Bill Cited as Threat to Economy", Minden Herald, April 30, 1964, p. 1
^ Minden Herald, April 30, 1964
^ "Tom Colten Elected Mayor of Minden: Challenger Takes Seven of Ten City Precincts to Win in General Election", Minden Press-Herald, November 9, 1966, p. 1
^ The Minden Press-Herald, August 15, 1966, p. 1
^ John A. Agan (2002). Minden: Perseverance and Pride. Columbia, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing Company. pp. 148–149. ISBN 0-7385-2388-7. Retrieved January 23, 2015.
^ John A. Agan (2014). "Lost Minden". Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing Company. p. 124. ISBN 978-1-4671-1319-9. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
^ John Agan, Lost Minden, pp. 125–126
^ "Sales tax Squeezes Out Narrow Victory", Minden Press-Herald, May 24, 1967, p. 1
^ Minden Press-Herald, September 10, 1969, p. 1
^ "Tom Colten Installed as LMA V-P", Minden Press-Herald, March 24, 1969, p. 1
^ "Colten Formally Announces as Candidate for Minden Mayor", Minden Press-Herald, October 2, 1970
^ "Colten Winner in Minden Mayor's Race", Minden Press-Herald November 4, 1970, p. 1
^ "Mayor Colten Will Assume Top LMA Post", Minden Press-Herald, April 28, 1972, p. 1
^ "Colten Becomes Part-Time Mayor", Minden Press-Herald, year-end review edition, January 1, 1974, p. 1
^ :"City Council Appoints Colten Part-Time Mayor", Minden Press-Herald, August 7, 1973, p. 1
^ "Electric Bill Rally Draws 500 to Civic Center", Minden Press-Herald, September 18, 1974, p.1
^ "Mayor and City Council Won't Attend Utility Bill Rally", Minden Press-Herald, September 17, 1974, p. 1
^ Minden Press-Herald, November 4, 1970
^ *Minden Press-Herald, November 8, 1978, p. 1
^ Minden Press-Herald, January 2, 1975, p. 1
^ Baton Rouge Sunday Advocate, January 27, 1980
^ Minden Press, January 11, 1964
^ "Treen Replaces Stagg as Committeeman", Minden Press-Herald, March 6, 1972
^ "Colten gets SBA term", Minden Press-Herald, October 28, 1975, p. 3A
^ "Colten slated", Minden Press-Herald January 31, 1978, p. 1
^ "Colten Assumes GOP Post", Minden Press-Herald, October 21, 1985
^ A Democrat-turned-Republican, Paul J. Hardy was later elected lieutenant governor in 1987—the first Republican elected to that position since Reconstruction.
^ "Neuil L. Wagoner obituary". The Baton Rouge Advocate. October 31, 2018. Retrieved November 1, 2018.
^ Joey White, "Colten: Roemer's future depends on Oct. 7 vote?", Minden Press-Herald, October 6, 1989, p. 1
^ "[Harmon] Drew, Colten to Represent Area at Constitutional Convention," Minden Press-Herald, December 27, 1972, p. 1.
^ "Colten to leave DOTD: Former Minden Mayor to retire Friday", Minden Press-Herald, January 10, 1993, p.1
^ "Jane Kimmel Colten". Baton Rouge Morning Advocate. Retrieved November 15, 2013.
^ a b c "Colten left lasting mark on Minden: Former mayor, Press-Herald owner will be laid to rest Friday", Minden Press-Herald, December 8, 2004, p. 1
^ John Agan, Webster Parish historian, "Echoes of Our Past", Mayor David Thomas, Minden Press-Herald, May 22, 2008
Frank T. Norman Mayor of Minden, Louisiana
Charles J. Pasqua of Gonzales President of the Louisiana Municipal Association
Wilson Moosa of Eunice
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tom_Colten&oldid=904049616"
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Cincom Systems
(Redirected from Cincom)
Cincom Systems, Inc.
Thomas M. Nies, Sr., Founder/CEO
Greg Mills, President[1]
Customer Communications Management Software (CCM)
Contact Center Software
Document Automation
www.cincom.com
Cincom Systems, Inc., is a privately held multinational computer technology corporation founded in 1968 by Tom Nies, Tom Richley, and Claude Bogardus.[2]
The company's best known product[3] today is named Total (trademark TOTAL).[4]
Decades after Cincom's founder left IBM, the latter posted "Cincom was the original database company." [5]
1 Historic significance
1.1 Thomas Nies
1.2 The Total solution
1.3 Thomas Nies and Cincom
2 Corporate history
2.1 1968 to 1969
2.2 1970s and 1980s
2.3 1990s
3 References and footnotes
Historic significance[edit]
Cincom Systems was founded in 1968, when the product focus in the computer industry was far more on hardware than software,[6] and mass merchandising in the industry was nonexistent.[7] The company’s first product, Total, was the first commercial database management system that was not bundled with manufacturer hardware and proprietary software.[8]
Thomas Nies[edit]
By the late 1960s, Tom Nies, a salesman and project manager at IBM, had noticed that software was becoming a more important component of computer systems and decided to work for a business that sold software. The only software businesses in existence at that time were a small number of service bureaus, none of which was located in Cincinnati, where Nies resided. In 1968, Nies joined Claude Bogardus and Tom Richley to found Cincom Systems, which initially only wrote programs for individual companies. Within its first year, the company realized that it was solving the same data management problems for its various clients. Nies proposed the solution of developing a core database management system that could be sold to multiple customers. Total was the result of this development effort.[7]
The company he started was initially only writing programs for individual companies; Total came later.[7]
On August 20, 1984, President Ronald Reagan called Cincom and Tom Nies "the epitome of entrepreneurial spirit of American business."[9]
The Total solution[edit]
At a time when each application program "owned" the data it used, a company often had multiple copies of similar information:
"... people would get five different reports and the inventory balances would say five different things. What were our sales during April? Well, you'd get five different numbers, depending on how you total things up."[10]
The problem was known, and CODASYL's[11] Database Task Group Report wrote about it, as did General Electric and IBM. Cincom's TOTAL "segregated out the programming logic from the application of the database."
Despite IBM being "where the money was," there was still the matter of large/OS or small/DOS, so they "implemented 70 to 80 percent of the application programming logic in such a way that it insulated the user from" whichever they used; some used both.[10]
Thomas Nies and Cincom[edit]
From 1968 through the present,[12] Cincom founder Thomas M. Nies has been the longest actively serving CEO in the computer industry,[13] and Cincom Systems was described in 2001 as "a venerable software firm, included in the Smithsonian national museum along with Microsoft as a software pioneer."[14]
Corporate history[edit]
1968 to 1969[edit]
Convinced that software was a potential profit center, rather than a drain on profits, as was then viewed by IBM management, Thomas M. Nies, left IBM late 1968 and brought along Tom Richley and Claude Bogardus. This executive trio functioned as sales and marketing (Nies), product development (Richley), and research and development (Bogardus). By March 1969, the company became a full-service organization by adding principals Judy Foegle Carlson[15] (administration), George Fanady (custom systems), Doug Hughes (systems engineering), and Jan Litton (product installation).
The name Cincom was a contraction of the words "Cincinnati" and "computer."
Initially they simply wrote programs for local companies. At some point they realized that the data management aspects of many programs had enough similarity to develop a product. From this effort came what became Total, an improvement and generalization of IBM's DBOMP.[16]
Other than IBM, which was still in the "selling iron" business, Cincom became the first U.S. software firm to promote the concept of a database management system (DBMS).[4] Cincom delivered the first commercial database management system that was not bundled with a computer manufacturer's hardware and proprietary software.[8]
1970s and 1980s[edit]
Cincom introduced several new products during the 1970s, including:
ENVIRON/1 (1971), a control system for teleprocessing networks.[17][18]
SOCRATES (1972), a data retrieval system for receiving reports from the TOTAL database system.
T-ASK (1975), an Interactive Query Language for Harris computers
MANTIS (1978), an application generator. It has developed enough of a following to still be the focus of attention in 2017.[19]
Manufacturing Resource Planning System (1979), a packaged ERP field data system for manufacturers that is the ancestor of today's CONTROL system.
Starting in 1971, Cincom opened offices in Canada, England, Belgium, France, Italy, Australia, Japan, Brazil and Hong Kong.
New products introduced in the 1980s included:
EPOCH-FMS (1980), a directory-driven financial management system.
Series 80 Data Control System (1980), an interactive online data dictionary.
TOTAL Information System (1982), a directory-driven database management system.[20]
ULTRA (1983), an interactive database management system for DEC's VAX hardware.[21] This offering was part of a strategic move to recognize DEC, and quickly resulted in one out of five customer product purchases being for VAX systems.[10][22]
PC CONTACT (1984), a fully integrated, single-step communications facility that interactively linked an IBM mainframe computer with the user's IBM personal computer.
MANAGE User Series (1984), an integrated, decision-support system that combined extensive personal computing capabilities with the power and control of the mainframe.
SUPRA for SQL (structured query language) (1989).[23]
CASE Environment (1989), a series of integrated components that assisted users who were facing cross-platform development demand from multiple areas within their computers.
Comprehensive Planning & Control System (CPCS) (1989), a resource and project guidance system that centralized management of resources and activities.
By 1980, TOTAL product sales reached $250 million.[citation needed]
1990s[edit]
New products during the 1990s, included:
AD/Advantage (1991), an application development system that automated development and maintenance activities throughout all phases of the application life cycle.[24][25] AD/Advantage is a component f MANTIS[26]
XpertRule (1993), a knowledge specification and generation system.
TOTAL FrameWork (1995), a set of object-oriented frameworks, services and integrated development environments (IDEs) for the assembly and maintenance of Smalltalk, Java, C++ and Visual Basic business applications.[27]
Cincom Acquire (1995), an integrated selling system for companies that deliver complex products and services.
AuroraDS (1995), an enterprise-wide solution that allowed organizations to automate document creation, production, output and management in a client/server environment.
SPECTRA (1997), a system that provided customer administration and resource efficiency for telecommunications, utilities and service industries.
gOOi (1997), a solution that turns traditional server-based applications into graphical integrated desktop (client) applications.
Cincom Encompass (1998), a suite of integrated components for next-generation call centers.
Cincom Smalltalk (1999), a suite that includes VisualWorks and the ObjectStudio Enterprise development environment.[27]
Cincom iC Solutions (1999), a technology that combines sales and marketing automation with knowledge-based support for product and service configuration.
2000 to Present[edit]
New products include:
Cincom Knowledge Builder (2001), a business-rules management system that streamlines sales and service processes by providing advice and guidance at the point of customer interaction.
Cincom TIGER (2002), a tool that integrates all data sources within an organization.
ENVIRON (2003), an enabling technology that helps manufacturers integrate their business systems, improve their business processes and eliminate waste throughout their organizations.
Cincom Synchrony (2004), a customer-experience management system for multi-channel contact centers.
Cincom Eloquence[28] (2006), a document-composition solution that provides business-line professionals with the ability to generate dynamic-structured and free-form documents.
Cincom CPQ, configure-price-quote software that can integrate with Microsoft Dynamics, Salesforce and other CRM systems to create a complete multi-channel selling tool that simplifies sales processes and product configurations.
2007: Cincom generated over $100 million in revenue for the 21st straight year, a feat unmatched by any private software publisher in the world. Microsoft (a public company) is the only other software publisher in the world to reach this milestone.[29]
References and footnotes[edit]
^ "Cincom Names Greg Mills, to Corporate President Position". February 21, 2017.
^ Tom Nies (December 31, 2009). "Cincom Systems' Total". IEEE Explore. IEEE. With this article, he describes how Cincom, the company he cofounded in 1968 with only $600 in capital, grew into one of the largest software ...
^ "35% Choose CINCOM". Computerworld. March 15, 1982. p. 45. ... Cincom's TOTAL is ...
^ a b "Prerelational DBMS vendors – a quick overview". February 9, 2006. With BOMP and D-BOMP, IBM was probably the first company to commercialize precursors to DBMS. (BOMP stood for Bill Of Materials Planning, foreshadowing the hierarchical architecture of IMS.) ... In the 1970s, Cincom was probably the most successful independent software product company. Its flagship product was Total, a shallow-network DBMS that was a little more general than the strictly hierarchical IMS.
^ "SUPRA Server SQL". IBM.com. May 10, 2017. Ideal relational database for all client server SQL applications. Runs and looks the same on all platforms from Windows NT to the most current Z/OS(tm) and z/VSE(tm)/ESA as well as running on legacy OS/390, VSE, OpenVMS and UNIX systems . ODBC 3.0 compliant. Even has TCP/IP support on VSE. Brings the performance needed on mainframes to the NT market. Highly scalable, SUPRA SQL can handle data volumes most client/server databases can only dream of. Cincom was the original database company (emphasis added) and brings more than 30 years of experience to the support and development of our databases.
^ "Cincom Systems". Thomas Nies' experiences at IBM installing applications convinced him that the industry's future was in software.
^ a b c Transcript of 1995 interview "Transcript of a Video History Interview with Mr. Thomas M. Nies, Founder and Chief Executive Officer, Cincom Systems, Inc. – and the longest-serving CEO in the Computer Industry – Interviewed by David K. Allison, Division of Computers, Information & Society, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution". Smithsonian Inst. ... with IBM I was selling technology. ... whereas with Procter & Gamble it was mass merchandising and mass marketing. Interestingly enough, these two industries have now come together. The computer industry has since become a mass merchandising industry, and ...
^ a b "History of Cincom Systems Inc". FundingUniverse.com. IBM's computers were sold with only the most basic operating system; it was left to customers to program specific functions. Unable to convince others at IBM of the efficacy of designing and selling more useful software, Nies, Richley, and Bogardus struck out on their own. ... devised its first software application, the TOTAL database management system.
^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTDEYzE6Ug0
^ a b c "Evolution of Database Management".
^ the Conference/Committee on Data Systems Languages
^ "Thomas M. Nies: Executive Profile & Biography". Bloomberg.com. Mr. Nies served as the President of Cincom Systems Inc. until February 2017 and serves as its Chairman
^ https://www.cincom.com/blog/news/cincom-names-vp-international-sales-greg- mills-corporate-president-position
^ Rachel Melcer, Courier Staff Reporter (June 11, 2001). "Cincom hit by cash crunch". BizJournals.com.
^ "25 years in the pursuit of excellence: Cincom" (PDF).
^ McGee, W.C. (Sep 1981). "Data Base Technology" (PDF). IBM Journal of Research and Development. 25 (5): 505–519. doi:10.1147/rd.255.0505. Retrieved Mar 20, 2019.
^ "Package Gives User Control of Dumps". Computerworld. October 24, 1977. p. 25. ... enables users of Cincom's Environ/1 teleprocessing monitor to collect ...
^ Paul Lynch (September 16, 1997). "The Mainframe Adventure – Cincom". They felt that they needed better technical backup for their new on-line module (available for CICS and Cincom's own TP monitor, Environ/1)
^ "Cincom MANTIS Share". SourceForge.net. March 24, 2017. MANTIS is a hybrid high level programming language and tools optimized to crank out "line of business" applications. It allows focus on business data and process instead of technology. However, access to low level technologies are available if desired.
^ "TOTAL Information System (TIS)". Computerworld. November 7, 1983. p. 37. When TIS became commercially available in the spring of 1982 ...
^ Nina Maginnis (April 27, 1987). "Cincom updates Ultra's capabilities". Computerworld. p. 26. The new release of Cincom Systems, Inc.'s Ultra ... a relational data base management system for Digital Equipment Corp.
^ "Cincom offers Mantis for DEC's VAX". April 29, 1985.
^ "Cincom and its partners provide innovative software solutions". Cincom SUPRA Server PDM is Cincom's hierarchical, interactive database management system. SUPRA maintains data and coordinates database access ...
^ "Cincom AD/Advantage 5.5.01 Overview". CNet.com.
^ "Cincom AD/Advantage enters UK". Computerworld. May 20, 1991. p. 10. Cincom's AD-Advantage has been under development for six years and has recently been marketed in the UK
^ "Cincom Mainframe Software". Cincom Mainframe Software AD/Advantage Category: Application Development. A component of MANTIS. AD/Advantage automates development activities in ...
^ a b Wenling Chen. "An Introduction to Smalltalk".
^ "Customer Communications Management | Eloquence | Cincom Systems". www.cincom.com. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
^ "Cincom Announces 21st Straight Year of Over $100 Million in Revenue".
Cincom Systems Inc v. Novelis Corp – the latter's predecessor licensed from Cincom, lost license by changing company name
Smalltalk programming language
Dolphin Smalltalk
GemStone/S
GNU Smalltalk
Pharo
Smalltalk/X
Squeak
VisualAge Smalltalk
VisualWorks
F-Script
Little Smalltalk
Pocket Smalltalk
StepTalk
Strongtalk
AIDA/Web
Open Cobalt
Lars Bak
Gilad Bracha
L. Peter Deutsch
Adele Goldberg
Urs Hölzle
Dan Ingalls
Ted Kaehler
Diana Merry
Object Arts
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cincom_Systems&oldid=905045026"
Computer companies of the United States
Companies based in Cincinnati
1968 establishments in Ohio
Software companies of the United States
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Improper rotation
Rotation composed with a reflection
Example polyhedra with rotoreflection symmetry
C2 C3, S2 = Ci C4, C2 C5, S2 = Ci C6, S4, C3, C2
beveled digonal antiprism
triangular antiprism
square antiprism
pentagonal antiprism
hexagonal antiprism
Antiprisms with directed edges have rotoreflection symmetry.
p-antiprisms for odd p contain inversion symmetry, Ci.
In geometry, an improper rotation,[1] also called rotoreflection,[1] rotary reflection,[2] or rotoinversion[3] is, depending on context, a linear transformation or affine transformation which is the combination of a rotation about an axis and a reflection in a plane perpendicular to that axis.[4]
1 Three dimensions
2 As an indirect isometry
3 Physical systems
Three dimensions[edit]
Further information: Point groups in three dimensions
Subgroups for Schoenflies groups S2 to S20
In 3D, equivalently it is the combination of a rotation and an inversion in a point on the axis.[1] Therefore it is also called a rotoinversion or rotary inversion. A three-dimensional symmetry that has only one fixed point is necessarily an improper rotation.[2]
In both cases the operations commute. Rotoreflection and rotoinversion are the same if they differ in angle of rotation by 180°, and the point of inversion is in the plane of reflection.
An improper rotation of an object thus produces a rotation of its mirror image. The axis is called the rotation-reflection axis.[5] This is called an n-fold improper rotation if the angle of rotation is 360°/n.[5] There are several different systems for naming individual improper rotations:
The Schoenflies notation uses the symbol Sn (German, Spiegel, for mirror) denotes the symmetry group generated by an n-fold improper rotation. For example, the symmetry operation S6 is the combination of a rotation of (360°/6)=60° and a mirror plane reflection. (This should not to be confused with the same notation for symmetric groups).[5]
In Hermann–Mauguin notation the symbol n is used for n-fold rotoinversion; i.e., rotation by an angle of rotation of 360°/n with inversion.
The Coxeter notation for S2n is [2n+,2+].
The Orbifold notation is n×, order 2n.
The direct subgroup, index 2, is Cn, [n]+, (nn), order n, as the rotoreflection generator applied twice.
S2n for odd n contain inversion, with S2 = Ci is the group generated by inversion. S2n contain indirect isometries but not inversion for even n. In general, if odd p is a divisor of n, then S2n/p is a subgroup of S2n. For example S4 is a subgroup of S12.
As an indirect isometry[edit]
In a wider sense, an improper rotation may be defined as any indirect isometry; i.e., an element of E(3)/E+(3): thus it can also be a pure reflection in a plane, or have a glide plane. An indirect isometry is an affine transformation with an orthogonal matrix that has a determinant of −1.
A proper rotation is an ordinary rotation. In the wider sense, a proper rotation is defined as a direct isometry; i.e., an element of E+(3): it can also be the identity, a rotation with a translation along the axis, or a pure translation. A direct isometry is an affine transformation with an orthogonal matrix that has a determinant of 1.
In either the narrower or the wider senses, the composition of two improper rotations is a proper rotation, and the composition of an improper and a proper rotation is an improper rotation.
Physical systems[edit]
When studying the symmetry of a physical system under an improper rotation (e.g., if a system has a mirror symmetry plane), it is important to distinguish between vectors and pseudovectors (as well as scalars and pseudoscalars, and in general between tensors and pseudotensors), since the latter transform differently under proper and improper rotations (in 3 dimensions, pseudovectors are invariant under inversion).
Isometry
Orthogonal group
^ a b c Morawiec, Adam (2004), Orientations and Rotations: Computations in Crystallographic Textures, Springer, p. 7, ISBN 9783540407348 .
^ a b Kinsey, L. Christine; Moore, Teresa E. (2002), Symmetry, Shape, and Surfaces: An Introduction to Mathematics Through Geometry, Springer, p. 267, ISBN 9781930190092 .
^ Klein, Philpotts (2013). Earth Materials. Cambridge University Press. pp. 89–90. ISBN 9780521145213.
^ Salomon, David (1999), Computer Graphics and Geometric Modeling, Springer, p. 84, ISBN 9780387986821 .
^ a b c Bishop, David M. (1993), Group Theory and Chemistry, Courier Dover Publications, p. 13, ISBN 9780486673554 .
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Improper_rotation&oldid=887768509"
Euclidean symmetries
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All Wikipedia articles written in American English
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This article is about the series. For the first game in the series, see Xenoblade Chronicles (video game).
Xenoblade Chronicles series logo, as seen in its first installment
Action role-playing
Nintendo SPD
Koh Kojima
Xenoblade Chronicles,[a] also shortened as Xenoblade, is a series of fantasy and science fiction action role-playing video games developed by Monolith Soft and published by Nintendo. It is a part of the Xeno meta series created by Tetsuya Takahashi, but was formed after Nintendo's acquisition of Monolith Soft. The series began with the original Xenoblade Chronicles game, published for the Nintendo Wii in 2010; it was a critical success and spawned sequels.
The series has been both commercially and critically successful. Xenoblade is well known for its world design, music, and stories. It is often regarded by many as one of the best modern-age RPG series among Nintendo's gaming catalogue. The series has been represented in other gaming medias, including the Super Smash Bros. and Project X Zone series.
1.1 Future of the series
2 Common elements
2.2 Settings
2.3 Themes
2.4 Characters
3.1 Origin
Timeline of release years
2010 Xenoblade Chronicles
2015 Xenoblade Chronicles 3D
2017 Xenoblade Chronicles 2
2018 Xenoblade Chronicles 2: Torna - The Golden Country
There are currently four main games under the Xenoblade Chronicles series. Each game features their own cast of characters, setting, and story.
Shulk and his friends embark on a quest to get revenge against the Mechon for the assault on their home. As they journey along the backs of the titans, they unravel the secrets of a powerful weapon known as the Monado.[1] It was originally released on the Wii and later remade on the New Nintendo 3DS as Xenoblade Chronicles 3D.
An interstellar war forces humanity to flee their home planet. After crashing on the uncharted planet Mira, Elma and her team race against time to retrieve the Lifehold, a structure that contains thousands of lives.[2][3] It was released on the Nintendo Wii U.
In a world of dying titans, Rex meets the living weapon Pyra and promises to bring her to the fabled paradise Elysium to save the world.[4] It was released on the Nintendo Switch.
Xenoblade Chronicles 2: Torna - The Golden Country
Set 500 years before the events of Xenoblade Chronicles 2, Lora and Jin fight against Malos and his army before the inevitable fall of their kingdom, Torna.[5] It was released on the Nintendo Switch.
Future of the series[edit]
In October 2018, the 1st production division of Monolith Soft, led by series creator Tetsuya Takahashi, started hiring for a new RPG project in the style of previous Xenoblade Chronicles titles.[6][7] Takahashi said that while a continuation to Xenoblade Chronicles X is possible, the next game may go in a different direction as he often gets bored with the last project.[8] In addition to pursuing a new direction for the series, series producer Koh Kojima expressed an interest in making Xenoblade Chronicles 3 and Xenoblade Chronicles X2.[9]
Common elements[edit]
The gameplay within the Xenoblade Chronicles series uses a real-time action-based battle system, where the player manually moves a character in real-time, and party members will "auto-attack" when enemies enter their attack radius,[10] most comparable to the system found in Final Fantasy XII or many MMORPGs.[11] Manually input attacks, called "Arts", may also be performed, but in a limited fashion. Battle Arts are only available after a "cool down" period that occurs after every use, while character specific "Talent Arts" only become available after enough auto-attacks are executed.[10] Both party members and enemies have a finite amount of health points, and attacks deplete this value. Combat is won when all enemies lose their HP, but the game is lost if the player's character loses all their HP and has no means of being revived. Health may be restored by the player by using healing Arts in battle, or the player may let characters' HP regenerate automatically outside of battle. Winning battles earns the player experience points, which allows the characters to grow stronger by leveling up and learning new Arts. Arts for each character must be set by the player on their respective set up, called a "Battle Palette", outside of battles.[12]
Exploring large environments is a defining aspect of the series.[13][13][14]
Settings[edit]
While the games within the entire Xenoblade series do not share any direct connections, it is heavily implied that the universes are somehow linked. The two colossal titans known as the Bionis and the Mechonis serve as the setting for Xenoblade Chronicles. Xenoblade Chronicles X takes place on an alien planet known as Mira. In Xenoblade Chronicles 2 and Xenoblade Chronicles 2: Torna - The Golden Country, the world of Alrest contains several titans which house many different nations.
Themes[edit]
A recurring element of the series is the concept of "blade". In Xenoblade Chronicles, it is represented in the form of a powerful sacred sword known as the Monado. The "blade" suffix in Xenoblade Chronicles X is represented by a private military organization known as BLADE. For the world of Xenoblade Chronicles 2, "Blades" are beings that grant their powers to their Drivers.
Characters[edit]
The series has several recurring character archetypes, including some originating from the Xeno metaseries. The most famous examples are Vangarre (Vandamme in Japanese) from Xenoblade Chronicles and Vandham in Xenoblade Chronicles X and Xenoblade Chronicles 2; they are all loosely based on Vanderkam from Xenogears and the Xenosaga games. Despite the character names beginning with "Van-", they are not directly related as they each have their own personalities and appearances. Female leads with at least one alternate forms is another character archetype—they are typically revealed alongside a major plot twist or an integral story moment.
A race of small furry mascot-like creatures known as the Nopon have appeared in every title in the series. In contrast to their appearances, the Nopon race, in general, tend to be greedy and selfish by nature. In every game, the names of Nopon NPCs have been carried over to the next installment as the main Nopon character: Satata (Tatsu in Japan) from Xenoblade Chronicles appears in Xenoblade Chronicles X. Coincidentally, the Xenoblade Chronicles X incarnation of Tatsu has a major rival known as Tora, who also appears in Xenoblade Chronicles 2 as a playable Nopon character. Much like the "Van-" characters of the series, the Nopon characters do not share any similarities other than their names.
See also: Xenoblade Chronicles § Development
The staff at Monolith Soft was left in a state of low morale after the commercial failure of the Xenosaga series which ultimately led to its premature end.[15] In July 2006, Tetsuya Takahashi was struck by the idea of people living on top of enormous titans, so he wrote the concept down and turned it into a 3D model.[16] The project was initially called Monado: Beginning of the World, but was changed to Xenoblade in Japan to honor Tetsuya Takahashi's previous work on the Xeno series and for his hard work on the game.[17] Nintendo of Europe announced that they were publishing the game, adding Chronicles to Xenoblade.[18] Due to no plans to release the title in North America, the fans launched a fan-campaign known as Operation Rainfall to convince Nintendo to bring Xenoblade Chronicles to North America along with The Last Story and Pandora's Tower.[19] After months of silence, Nintendo of America confirmed that the title was headed for North America in April 2012.[20]
Monolith Soft began development of Xenoblade Chronicles, an action role-playing game for the Nintendo Wii that was released in Japan on June 10, 2010.[21][22] The game was later localized by Nintendo of Europe and was released in Europe and Australia on August 19, 2011 and September 1, 2011 respectively.[23][24] It was then brought over to North America as a GameStop exclusive on April 6, 2012.[25][26] Some time after its initial reveal as Monado: The Beginning of the World, then-Nintendo president Satoru Iwata changed the title to Xenoblade to honor Tetsuya Takahashi's previous work on the Xeno series.[27] Xenoblade Chronicles 3D, a port handled by Monster Games, was released worldwide in April 2015 for the New Nintendo 3DS.[28]
Aggregate review scores
(Wii) 92[29]
(3DS) 86[30]
(WIIU) 84[31]
(NS) 83[32]
Xenoblade Chronicles sold nearly 200,000 units in Japan by the end of 2013.[34] In a later interview, the game sold better in the west than it did in Japan.[35] As of December 2015, Xenoblade Chronicles X sold roughly 377,000 units between Japan, France, and the United States.[36][37][38] Xenoblade Chronicles 2 sold 1.42 million copies as of June 2018, which became the best-selling title ever developed by Monolith Soft.[39][40] Its sales performance exceeded the company's expectations in western territories. Xenoblade Chronicles 2: Torna – The Golden Country was also noted for surpassing their sales expectations in Japan as well.[41]
^ Japanese: ゼノブレイド, Hepburn: Zenobureido?
^ Megan Farokhmanesh. "XENOBLADE CHRONICLES 3D REVIEW: HARD KNOCK LIFE". Polygon. Archived from the original on April 15, 2015. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
^ Nintendo of America. "Xenoblade Chronicles™ X for Wii U - Official Site". Nintendo. Archived from the original on Mar 1, 2016. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
^ Peter Brown. "Xenoblade Chronicles X Review". GameSpot. Archived from the original on December 2, 2015. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
^ Nintendo of America. "Story - Xenoblade Chronicles 2". Nintendo. Archived from the original on April 13, 2018. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
^ Nintendo of America. "Torna The Golden Country – Xenoblade Chronicles 2 Official Site – DLC". Nintendo. Archived from the original on August 16, 2018. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
^ Sato. "Monolith Soft Recruiting Staff For A New RPG Project By The Xenoblade Team". Siliconera. Archived from the original on October 4, 2018. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
^ "N/A". Monolith Soft. Archived from the original on October 6, 2018. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
^ Nadia Oxford. "Xenoblade Chronicles 2 Sales Outside Japan Far Exceeded Monolith Soft's Expectations". USGamer. Archived from the original on October 2, 2018. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
^ Pramath. "Xenoblade Series Director Expresses Desire To Make Xenoblade 3 and Xenoblade X2". Gaming Bolt. Archived from the original on October 6, 2018. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
^ a b "Why You Should Care About Xenoblade Chronicles". IGN. Retrieved 2014-02-09.
^ Matt Hughes (9 April 2012). "Page 4 - Xenoblade Chronicles beginner's guide - GamesRadar". Retrieved 16 October 2014.
^ Gifford, Kevin. "All About Xenoblade's Fighting System". 1up.
^ a b Shea, Brian (2 September 2017). "Exploring A Chunk Of The Massive World". Game Informer. Archived from the original on 7 March 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
^ Kollar, Philip (30 November 2015). "Xenoblade Chronicles X review". Polygon. Archived from the original on 19 April 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
^ "Iwata Asks: Xenoblade Chronicles for Wii - Vol 1: We Want to make a JPRG masterpiece". Nintendo UK. 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
^ "Iwata Asks: Xenoblade Chronicles for Wii - Vol 2: Playing a Game of Catch". Nintendo UK. 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
^ "Nintendo Chose The Name Xenoblade". Siliconera. 29 January 2010. Archived from the original on 30 May 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
^ "Xenoblade Leaving Japan, Landing In Europe As Xenoblade Chronicles". Siliconera. 31 March 2011. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
^ "Operation Rainfall: How a fan campaign brought Nintendo to its knees". PC World. 4 March 2013. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
^ "Xenoblade Chronicles Officially Confirmed For America [Update]". Siliconera. 2 December 2011. Archived from the original on 26 November 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
^ "Iwata Asks: Xenoblade Chronicles for Wii - Vol 3: The Development Process". Nintendo UK. 2011. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
^ Spencer. "Unsheathed In June". Siliconera. Archived from the original on January 30, 2015. Retrieved April 15, 2018.
^ Sahdev, Ishaan (8 July 2011). "Hey Europe, Xenoblade Chronicles Is Arriving Two Weeks Early". Siliconera. Archived from the original on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
^ Vuckovic, Daniel (1 August 2011). "Xenoblade Chronicles hits Australia September 1st, first print run gets bonus CD". Vooks.net. Archived from the original on 28 December 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
^ Gilbert, Henry (2 December 2011). "Xenoblade Chronicles finally coming to US - UPDATE: Confirmed as GameStop exclusive". GamesRadar. Archived from the original on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
^ "Xenoblade Chronicles for Wii – Game Info". Nintendo. Archived from the original on 12 December 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
^ Kohler, Chris (29 January 2010). "Nintendo To Publish The Last Story, Mistwalker RPG". Wired. Archived from the original on 24 August 2017. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
^ Romano, Sal (14 January 2015). "Xenoblade Chronicles 3D slated for April". Gematsu. Archived from the original on 13 April 2018. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
^ "Xenoblade Chronicles Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved September 28, 2018.
^ "Xenoblade Chronicles 3D Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved September 28, 2018.
^ "Xenoblade Chronicles X Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved September 28, 2018.
^ "Xenoblade Chronicles 2 Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved September 28, 2018.
^ "Xenoblade Chronicles 2: Torna - The Golden Country Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved September 28, 2018.
^ Sahdev, Ishaan (8 April 2015). "This Week In Sales: Xenoblade Chronicles 3D Isn't Really Feeling It". Siliconera. Archived from the original on 30 September 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
^ "Iwata Asks: Xenoblade Chronicles 3D for New Nintendo 3DS". Nintendo UK. 2015. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
^ Famitsu Weekly (in Japanese). Enterbrain (1415): 8. 14 January 2016.
^ "Nintendo: some sales data for France (Xenoblade Chronicles X, Splatoon, more)". Perfectly Nintendo. 16 December 2015. Archived from the original on 17 December 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
^ Theriault, Donald (14 January 2016). "Nintendo Sales Panic: December 2015 US NPD Group Results". Nintendo World Report. Archived from the original on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
^ "IR Information : Sales Data". GamesIndustry.biz. March 31, 2018. Retrieved September 28, 2018.
^ Pramath (28 April 2018). "Xenoblade 2 Sales Reach 1.31 Million, Becomes Monolith Soft's Highest Selling Game Ever". Gaming Bolt. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
^ "Xenoblade Chronicles 2 Sales Outside Japan Far Exceeded Monolith Soft's Expectations". US Gamer. 28 September 2015. Archived from the original on 30 September 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
Xeno series
Creid
Xenosaga Episode I
Episode II
Episode III
Xenosaga: Pied Piper
Xenosaga I & II
Shion Uzuki
KOS-MOS
Xenosaga: The Animation
Torna – The Golden Country
Lin Lee
Crossover games
Namco × Capcom
Endless Frontier
Endless Frontier Exceed
Project X Zone
Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U
Bandai Namco Entertainment
Soraya Saga
Kunihiko Tanaka
Yasunori Mitsuda
Nintendo franchises
Mario Sports
Bit Generations
Chibi-Robo!
Cruis'n
The Legendary Starfy
Touch! Generations
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xenoblade_Chronicles&oldid=905297009"
Role-playing video games
Japanese role-playing video games
Video game franchises
Video game franchises introduced in 2010
CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)
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Reign of Iron
James L. Nelson
At the outbreak of the Civil War, North and South quickly saw the need to develop the latest technology in naval warfare, the ironclad ship. After a year-long scramble to finish first, in a race filled with intrigue and second guessing, blundering and genius, the two ships — the Monitor and the Merrimack — after a four-hour battle, ended the three-thousand-year tradition of wooden men-of-war and ushered in “the reign of iron.”
In the first major work on the subject in thirty-five years, novelist, historian, and tall-ship sailor James L. Nelson, acclaimed author of the Brethren of the Coast trilogy, brilliantly recounts the story of these magnificent ships, the men who built and fought them, and the extraordinary battle that made them legend.
In the first major work on the subject… (more)
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Spending on schools
Spending on schools up to 2020
Published: 24th Feb 2017
Spending on schools is being cut by 8%.
The cash amount going to schools in England is rising and ahead of inflation, but spending per pupil is set to fall by 8% between 2014 and 2020, taking school-specific inflation into account.
There’s a record level of investment going into schools.
We’ve asked the government for the source of this. The cash amount going to schools in England is rising and ahead of inflation, but spending per pupil is set to fall in real terms, by 8% between 2014 and 2020, taking school-specific inflation into account.
Claim 1 of 2
“[Schools are] looking at facing an 8% cut”
Angela Rayner MP, 23 February 2017
“There’s record investment going into our schools.”
Justine Greening, 23 February 2017
School spending per pupil in England is likely to fall by around 8%, taking school-specific inflation into account, between 2014/15 and 2019/20. That’s according to both the Institute for Fiscal Studies and the National Audit Office.
You can look at the budget in a number of ways. As we’ve discussed before, you can look at the actual cash that’s being spent on schools, the value of that cash after taking inflation into account, and how it divides down per pupil. Prices and pupil numbers are both rising, so these both create pressures on the funding that’s needed.
The schools budget is set to rise in cash terms from about £40 billion in 2015/16 to nearly £43 billion in 2019/20, a record level. That’s also a rise when you take expected inflation into account.
But once you factor in rising pupil numbers as well, the budget per pupil is set to fall.
As the Institute for Fiscal Studies points out, “this will be the first time since the mid-1990s that school spending has fallen in real terms”.
By Joseph O'Leary
Schools will have less to spend per pupil by 2020
School spending: up or down?
Schools' funding
Experts agree school funding is falling per-pupil
Schools funding: a manifesto breach?
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O.J. Simpson’s white Ford Bronco chase happened 25 years ago Monday
Posted 8:02 AM, June 17, 2019, by CNN Wire, Updated at 08:05PM, June 17, 2019
LOS ANGELES -- June 17, 1994, was supposed to be a big sports night. Viewers around the nation settled in front of their TV screens to watch the New York Knicks take on the Houston Rockets in Game 5 of the NBA Finals.
But instead, another sports figure dominated television in an unforgettable way on that night 25 years ago. O.J. Simpson hopped into a white Ford Bronco, rode down a Los Angeles interstate and sparked one of the most-watched events in TV history.
Going into the summer of 1994, Simpson was simply "The Juice." The seemingly always smiling, affable ex-football legend had morphed into a movie star and popular TV pitchman. His transformation from that into one of the most divisive figures in American history really started on that Friday evening a quarter century ago.
That was the day Simpson was charged with two counts of murder in the deaths of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman. He was supposed to have turned himself in to face the charges but didn't. He was declared a fugitive, and a warrant was put out for his arrest.
‘I got a little getting even to do’: O.J. Simpson joins Twitter
At about 6:45 p.m. police saw Simpson on the expressway in a white Ford Bronco driven by his best friend and former teammate, Al Cowlings. Simpson was riding in the back, and he reportedly had a gun. And with that the 60-mile, two-hour, low-speed pursuit through Southern California was on.
A cavalcade of police cars followed in pursuit. TV helicopters swooped in to join the chase. As the Bronco traveled under highway overpasses, crowds of people cheered Simpson on with shouts and signs.
On TV, the chase was simply inescapable. All of the broadcast networks and CNN carried every bit of it live. Even non-news cable channels broke into their regular programming to show portions of it. On NBC, the chase produced the most bizarre split screen ever. On one side of the screen the Knicks and the Rockets battled for NBA supremacy at Madison Square Garden; on the other, the white Bronco inched down a Los Angeles freeway with police in non-hot pursuit.
Some 95 million people watched the chase that night, and they watched it in a way that we don't watch events now. People stood in large groups in front of televisions in their homes, bars, restaurants and other public places and just gawked at the spectacle.
That's how the nation took in big televised events in the era before the internet, smartphones and social media.
Simpson and Cowlings eventually made their way back to Simpson's mansion in L.A.'s Brentwood neighborhood later that night. Negotiations with police started. Then, just before 9 p.m., Simpson surrendered, clutching a family photo. He was arrested and jailed.
The chase was over, but the media spectacle that would become the O.J. Simpson trial was just beginning.
O.J. Simpson recounts killings in Fox’s ‘The Lost Confession?’
Clock ticking down to O.J. Simpson’s release from prison
A pop-up O.J. Simpson museum is coming to Los Angeles
Topics: Featured On Instagram, O.J. Simpson
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4th of July quake was largest to hit SoCal since 1999
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Ford Mustang stolen 25 years ago found in barn
‘Game of Thrones’ finale sets new viewership record
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The Elephant in the Room - Brexit
Re: The elephant in the room - Brexit
Post by Sly Boots » Thu Mar 14, 2019 11:12 am
Why would it be undemocratic to hold another referendum now when everyone has a clearer picture of the shitstorm they set themselves up for the first time when a significant proportion of them were blinded by the lies and obfuscations of one side?
Wrathbone
Post by Wrathbone » Thu Mar 14, 2019 11:45 am
The idea of a leader "rising up" and overriding a democratic decision of the people makes me very nervous.
A democratic decision based on lies, dodgy money, misinformation and fiddling the voting criteria so that many of the people most affected couldn't take part.
Still a democratic decision, though, and if we believe in democracy we have to uphold the sacredness of that. The people that don't like the outcome will always label those who voted the other way as idiots (and a variety of other names) and blame this, that and other (we saw exactly the same thing in Scotland when the Separatists didn't get what they wanted). But if you believe in democracy you have to accept the outcome and find a way to deal with it. To speak of strong leaders rising up and overthrowing democracy because you didn't like the result of a referendum is the first step on the path to tyranny.
I get what you're saying, but I think there's more to it than that. A referendum is a form of democracy, but it's not legally binding as part of our democratic process - it's a statement from the people. The government we elect is another part of democracy, and we elect them to make decisions on our behalf. If the government decides that stopping Brexit is the only sensible outcome in the face of catastrophe from every other angle, they are within their democratic rights to act on that. It's democratically and ethically questionable given the referendum, but it's not tyrannical.
Personally I think May should say "we're cancelling Brexit, I'll take the blame" (or something to that effect) and then resign. Or at least strongly suggest that as a course of action.
Post by Stormbringer » Thu Mar 14, 2019 12:11 pm
Wrathbone wrote: ↑
I think that's a fair argument and I can't really disagree. If May made a speech basically explaining everything you just said, followed by her giving up her plans, cancelling Brexit and resigning, I think that would be an acceptable situation in the circumstances.
Post by Mantis » Thu Mar 14, 2019 12:20 pm
I don't think it would be dangerous or a path to tyranny to cancel the whole thing given the context. Rather than being the case of overturning democracy, I think that the entire referendum makes a mockery of the very concept of democracy, it was corrupt and should never have taken place in the first instance. Our democratically elected leaders should show the responsibility that they are meant to and say "Look, we made a horrible mistake" and reverse the whole process. It is their duty to protect the interests of this country, that includes steering us away from completely self inflicted disasters that were the result of a flawed process. Even when you leave out the foreign interests, disaster capitalists and criminal investigations surrounding the vote, no other country that uses referendums to decide key national policy does it on a simple majority basis, it's a bonkers idea.
ERG members say that we shouldn't have a second vote because it will cause nationalist rioting in the streets. In the event that we are not considering a course of action simply to placate the far right then I'm afraid we have already lost the battle against tyranny.
Three years on and there is still no credible argument as to how we might leave without damaging our economy and making us far less relevant on the world stage. They've had their chance.
I think you're right; I hadn't realised when I made my original comment that it was perfectly legal for the government to say "No" to the referendum result.
The smart thing to do would be never to have had the referendum in the first place, as you said. That was highly irresponsible of David Cameron.
Only problem is, if the government can say "No" to a referendum, and it's perfectly legal to do so, it kinda makes a mockery of the referendum system in the first place. Why even have them at all?
Post by Sly Boots » Thu Mar 14, 2019 12:49 pm
They could have framed it as a consultative referendum to gauge public opinion before committing to anything, and/or set a threshold at which it would have triggered the Brexit process, like a 70/30 majority say. What we ended up with was basically flipping a coin, and considering the implications of what it meant that was madness.
They can be useful for gauging opinion on things and the law can be changed each time to make one binding. The sensible way of holding them is to make them legally binding but ensure that they require a two thirds majority to pass, like how Switzerland does. The Conservatives just fudged the entire thing from start to finish really, and all because they thought they could nip the UKIP threat and get their own right wing Eurosceptic MPs to back down.
Their internal party civil war has spewed out over the whole country and now the nation is completely divided thanks to a decade of anti-immigrant populism. And just to really hammer home the insanity of it, May is repeatedly trying to force through a deal that everyone hates, but to put a second referendum to the people would be considered 'undemocratic'.
The whole thing makes me so distressed with how second rate our political system and representatives are.
Post by Medicine Man » Thu Mar 14, 2019 1:37 pm
Post by Mantis » Thu Mar 14, 2019 6:25 pm
Parliament just voted to extend Article 50, 210 majority. Pretty much every amendment to the motion was voted down though.
Post by Sly Boots » Thu Mar 14, 2019 6:28 pm
Is this the moment we start to right the ship/sprint to the cliff's edge?
Post by Tommy » Sat Mar 16, 2019 4:02 pm
Been away from the forum for a while.
Brexit went mad. Then even madder. Now the country is in a semi-conscious numb state of madness where nobody has a clue what they're doing anymore and has lost various senses and have all the cognitive ability of a sandbag. Probably get worse too. Somehow.
Right, caught up.
DjchunKfunK
Post by DjchunKfunK » Mon Mar 18, 2019 9:49 am
Many would argue that you should never have a referendum because we elect politicians to make decisions on our behave and a referendum is them abdicating responsibility.
I've never been a huge fan of referendums and both with this one, the AV one and the Scottish Independence vote I felt they were poorly conceived, a waste of time and would do more harm than good and in each case that has been true. The AV damaged the chance of the UK reforming it's terrible voting system, the Scottish vote only deepened the divide and as for the Brexit one...
Post by Mantis » Mon Mar 18, 2019 5:55 pm
John Bercow is actually a legend. Really winding the Tory frontbench up today.
Location: Keep of the Lead Lord
Post by Raid » Mon Mar 18, 2019 6:00 pm
Perhaps, but it just feels like another reason for us to crash out without a deal in, let's not forget this, less than a fortnight. It's just one more person for the people in charge to blame rather than taking fucking responsibility.
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Hydrogen: The Emerging Player For Future Power Generation
Being naturally stable, clean and flexible, Hydrogen has emerged over the past decade as a viable alternative to Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and other non-renewable fossil fuels. With multinationals such as Siemens, Hyundai, Shell and many others investing heavily into this environmentally friendly energy source, experts have predicted demand to rise by eight million tonnes by the year 2030, and over 35 million tonnes by 2040.
Over the past decade, countries such as Korea, China and Japan have begun taking preparatory steps to decarbonise their economies, which is already seeing other nations following suit, resulting in the annual consumption of over 55 million tonnes of Hydrogen globally.
Although Hydrogen is used predominantly within the glass and steel manufacturing processes, the greatest demand over the past few years has been through the investment and production of fuel cell technology. Whether it be through electric cars, public transport or long haul vehicles, the global demand for sustainable Hydrogen solutions has grown exponentially.
The potential of Hydrogen goes far beyond that of just transport solutions alone, as the attitude changes in the hopes of using Hydrogen power generation alongside other natural gases. Dispute being viewed as a fantasy fuel of a future world, we are already seeing the practical implementations being utilised, allowing nations and large organisations to move quickly towards the Hydrogen powered future.
Untapped potential
One of the major advantages of Hydrogen is the fact that it can be generated through electrolysis, as opposed to utilizing a natural gas as the primary source. The simple process only requires electricity and pure water. Therefore, this is a carbon neutral process, as long as the electricity which is used is generated from renewable sources.
This process of electrolysis provides global stakeholders with a sustainable alternative to using batteries for storage of power which is sourced through non-renewable means. From a geopolitical and environmental standpoint, this is hugely advantageous. Hydrogen energy which is stored in the form of a liquid or gas seldom dissipates, until it has been used, making it potentially vital for use within future power generators and other critical energy applications.
Fuelling The Future World
While the aim is to have a future which is completely powered by renewable energy, power generation over the coming decades will need to have stable and versatile fuel sources which can operate in a sustainable and carbon-free manner. Non-renewable fossil fuels currently occupy the lion’s share of global power generation and CO2 emissions.
Another key advantage is the flexibility which Hydrogen possesses, allowing it to be used widely across existing power plants, which are being converted to burn the Hydrogen. This adoption of Hydrogen can largely extend the operational lifespan of traditional gas and coal power plants, which would’ve faced potential decommissioning due to regulatory changes.
This can be seen namely by the Vattenfall power plant in the Netherlands. The Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems have been working to ensure a Carbon-free Gas Power plant. Their objective for the project by 2024 is to finalise the conversion the gas turbines, enabling them to combust only Hydrogen. This transition could see an annual reduction of CO2 emissions by 1.3 million tonnes each year.
As investment and exploration into Hydrogen continues to accelerate, the proposition of a Hydrogen powered future is become increasingly more attractive, with governments and organisations seeking carbon neutrality. With this continued growth, perhaps the next decade will see Hydrogen playing a key role in the sustainable energy equation.
If you’re interested in finding out more about how the hydrogen world of the future might impact your business or recruitment needs, please contact Irfan Lohiya on:
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The experience of a lifetime
by Emma Kalka
Groove Korea
To say I’ve always been an Olympics fan is a slight understatement.
I grew up watching the Games every two years like clockwork. We’d sit down and watch the opening and closing ceremonies as a family. Then Mom and I would spend every night on the sofa watching our favorite events. So many memories and so many historical moments.
I remember cheering when Tara Lipinski won gold and then gasping in shock the following Games when Michelle Kwon did not. I cried when the Magnificent Seven stood on the podium and was proud that Shannon Miller was a fellow Oklahoman. I remember watching Shaun White win his first gold at Torino. After I moved to Korea, my best friend and I would live tweet back and forth during the Opening Ceremony – completely judging Team USA’s outfits – even though we were in different time zones.
I was moved to tears watching Kim Yuna’s gold medal performance at Vancouver.
Mom and I would always talk about how cool it would be to go to the Olympics. It was a dream and I made it a goal that someday I would go, hopefully with my mom. It became a top priority bucket list item.
I remember working at a broadcasting company in 2011 in Seoul when they announced Pyeongchang as the 2018 Winter Games host. It was around midnight and I was in the newsroom watching the feed live with all the reporters and ADs. A cheer went up and I immediately messaged Mom, telling her that if I was still in Korea in 2018, we were going to do it. Shortly after, I got a message from my college best friend asking if I planned to stay in Korea that long and if so, we were going.
Fast forward several years, and I’m sitting in Olympic Stadium in Pyeongchang next to my best friend, quickly turning into an icicle, but so full of joy and excitement that it didn’t matter. As the first act started, I was immediately overwhelmed and tears started to fill my eyes (though I quickly wiped them away, terrified they’d freeze to my cheeks). My mom couldn’t be there, but I spared a few glances up to the sky, imagining her sitting in Heaven with a bucket of popcorn watching right along with me.
It’s been an exciting Games to watch in person.
I got to see Red Gerard win his first gold medal at the age of 17, in a come-from-behind win at slopestyle that makes watching the Olympics so breathtaking. He was in the bottom after two runs and pulled out an amazing last run to shoot to the top of the podium. Watching his reaction after he landed and then again a few minutes later after it was official the Olympic gold was priceless.
A couple days later, I saw the phenomenal Chloe Kim win her first gold, also at 17, in the women’s halfpipe. She scored high enough in her first run that just before she went on her third and final run, it was announced that she had won gold. With nerves of steel, she took the pipe, determined that even though she already had the medal, she was going for history now. She landed back-to-back 1080s – a first for a woman in Olympics history.
Fellow American Arielle Gold joined her on the podium, winning the bronze. She had a true comeback story. As the youngest member of the snowboard team for the Sochi Olympics, she suffered an injury just before the Games and was unable to compete. So, she waited four years for her second chance and pulled through with amazing results.
The following day, I stood decked out in my Team USA gear, cheering on Shaun White as he made his attempt for his third gold medal at what could be his final Winter Games. I had been watching him on TV for over 10 years, it seemed, and I nearly couldn’t believe that I was standing there about to watch him compete in person. Despite the snow that quickly turned my toes into ice cubes or the crush of the crowd. Or even getting to the venue at 8:30 a.m. – two hours before competition started – so we could get a decent spot to watch (at 5’5 and 5’0, we pretty much had to be in the front at all events if we wanted to see anything), I was on cloud nine. Thankfully, we made friends with a group of fellow Americans and cheered as a group for all four Team USA members in the finals – Ben Ferguson, Chase Josey, Jake Pates and Shaun White.
The reaction of the crowd when he won was nearly indescribable. People from all over the world were cheering him on – as evident by the many Shaun White signs. He burst into tears as he hugged his mother and we were all pretty much screaming our heads off. He was also gracious enough to come over and speak to a few of us – thanking us for watching, cheering and waiting around three hours in the cold to chat with him – before he was ushered off to a press conference.
A couple days after that, I got to experience true Olympics spirit when my friend and I found ourselves sandwiched in between groups of Team France, Team Italia and Team Czech Republic during women’s snowboard cross. As we walked to our seats, a group of men in French hens hats started chanting “USA! USA!” and waving at us. A woman from Team Italia chatted with us throughout the entire competition. Both groups cheer with us for our ladies and we ended up cheering with them for theirs. Despite the fact that Lindsey Jacobellis didn’t make the podium at the end, we weren’t upset. Choosing instead to congratulate the family of silver medalist Julia Pereira de Sousa Mabileau in front of us and then the Italians behind us for gold medalist Michaela Moioli and then waving towards the Czech Republic group for bronze-medalist Eva Samkova.
Being at the Olympics, for me, was the experience of a lifetime.
Despite the frigid temperatures that I was positive would kill me the first three days, and the somewhat unpredictable shuttle schedule that would sometimes have us waiting an hour, but then other times had us arriving an hour early, I enjoyed nearly every second. I enjoyed watching the athletes compete. I enjoyed making friends with folks from all over the world. I enjoyed celebrating with the athletes’ families whenever we ended up near them – which seemed to be nearly every event. I got to meet people who were on their third, fourth and once even eighth Olympics. I looked over at my best friend and we both grinned, deciding that someday, that would be us.
So for me, even though my PyeongChang experience is over, I’m happy with the memories I’ve made. More than that, I’m already looking forward to Tokyo 2020. Summer Games, here I come!
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My Paradise: 9 food finds on Hawaii’s Big Island
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Mumbai: ‘Negligent’ doctor told to pay Rs 65,000 to kin of octogenarian who suffered fracture
A consumer forum recently directed a hospital to pay a compensation of Rs 65,000 to the family of an octogenarian for negligence that led to a thigh fracture during her admission for an ailment.Rebecca Samervel | Updated: October 26, 2015, 09:25 IST
MUMBAI: A consumer forum recently directed a hospital to pay a compensation of Rs 65,000 to the family of an octogenarian for negligence that led to a thigh fracture during her admission for an ailment.
The complainant Manik Vaidya died at the age of 82 during the pendency of the case and the matter was pursued by the family members. Dr Suresh Rao of Sanjeevi Hospital will have to pay a compensation of Rs 50,000 and Rs 15,000 as costs of the complaint.
In the complaint filed before the Mumbai District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum in 2007, it was stated that Vaidya was suffering from severe constipation and other ailments. She visited the doctor on August 1, 2005. The doctor advised admission to the hospital immediately. Vaidya was given castor oil for relief and was also made to undergo several tests. However, due to the castor oil, she suffered form severe weakness. The complaint further alleged that she was unnecessarily shifted to an AC room from the general ward. On August 13, suffering from severe weakness, she fell off the hospital bed. However, no one from the hospital was close to help. The family alleged that Vaidya was lying on the floor unattended for over 15 minutes. The nurses were alerted only after a neighbouring patient began screaming for help. Fed up with the shoddy treatment, the family immediately shifted her out and sought treatment elsewhere.
The forum held that documents showed that the hospital had been negligent. It observed that as the doctor arrived much later showed that Vaidya was not taken care of properly and this caused her severe physical agony.
Tags : Industry, Negligent, forum, Doctor, Consumer, compensation
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Home Media Personalities Tracy Smith Biography – 5 Interesting Facts About The CBS Correspondent
Tracy Smith Biography – 5 Interesting Facts About The CBS Correspondent
Tracy Smith has become one of the prominent figures on the CBS network, thanks to her outstanding journalism prowess. She has proved her significance on the platform as a notable news correspondent for the network. Notably, she works as a news correspondent for CBS News Sunday Morning and also works on several other programmes under the platform like The CBS Evening News with Jeff Glor and others. Prior to her career with CBS, Tracy Smith had previously worked with Channel One News. Learn more about her bio and other interesting facts.
Tracy Smith – Biography
She was born on April 7, 1968, in Wyoming, Ohio. Not much is known about her childhood and the journalist has not given any information related to that. Tracy Smith is an alumnus of Boston University where she graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1990. Smith was an outstanding student while at school and was one of the very few who graduated with distinction during her time.
After Boston University, she proceeded to the University of Southern California for her master’s degree. In 1993, she got her master’s degree in broadcast journalism and was ready to face the world. Tracy Smith worked as a part-time reporter for KERO-TV, a CBS affiliate in California. Her experience on the network led her to Channel One News where she worked as a reporter and an anchor. After a successful stint at the outfit, the journalist made her way to CBS.
Tracy Smith joined CBS in 2000 and worked as a correspondent for ‘The Early Show.’ Shortly after, she became a co-anchor of the Saturday Early Show. As she grew on the platform, more responsibilities came her way. Smith soon became a reporter for CBS Evening News. She has reported several topical events such as the 9/11 terrorist attack, Winter Olympics in Torino, and several others.
She also combined all these with another task of reporting for documentary news show ’48 hours.’ Among her several works at CBS, the show she is mostly known for is the CBS Sunday Morning. On the platform, she has covered several events and news relating to different topical events.
See Also: Melissa Theuriau – Bio, Age, Husband, Parents, Facts About the Journalist
John D’Amelio, (left) Tracy Smith (middle) and Jay Rollins (right): image source
5 Interesting Facts About The CBS Correspondent
1. Her Net Worth
Although the journalist has not made an assertion regarding her salary, many sources have suggested that Smith is making a whole lot from her CBS stint. While many sources have estimated her net worth to be around $10 million, it cannot be said with certainty to be the financial status of the CBS correspondent. But we cannot wave aside the fact that Tracy Smith has been of huge significance to the network.
2. Personal Life – Married, Kids
Away from the screens, Tracy Smith is a dedicated family woman and devotes time for her family, like many of her counterparts. She is married to John D’Amelio, a producer for CBS Sunday Morning. It is not clear when the two got married but we do know that they have been together for a long time. Smith and D’Amelio have two children together. They welcomed a set of twins – a boy, John Jr. and a girl named Gia, in March 2008. Working for the same outfit has never been a problem for the couple as they both keep their relationship professional at work.
3. Awards and Achievements
Tracy’s exploits as a journalist have earned her lots of recognition as well as accolades. She won a Golden Hugo from The Chicago International Film Festival for her apt reports on teens in abusive relations on Channel One News. She has been a remarkable figure on the platform, with a series of notable coverages to her name.
In April 2015, Tracy Smith bagged the Wilbur Award for the best ‘Television & Cable News: Network or national syndication.’ The same award was also given to her husband D’Amelio for his works as a producer and Lauren Barnello, producer/editor, all for “Heavenly Voices’ on the CBS Sunday Morning show. The three recipients of the award drew lots of attention towards the CBS network that year and were well appreciated.
4. Height and Weight
Guessing Tracy’s height would not be a big deal to those who frequently watch the CBS programs she features in. But to be specific, she stands at a height of 5 feet 6 inches which is quite proportional to her weight of 57 kg.
5. Social Media Profile
Tracy Smith has got a significant social media presence. Being a correspondent, she has many followers looking up to her for updates, and she never disappoints. She is very active on Twitter where she has over 10 thousand followers. In addition, she is also active on other platforms such as Facebook and Instagram.
stephanie.ekowa
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What it Takes to Reframe the Debate for Social Justice in the US
By Alan Jenkins
Since the 2016 election, interest in the concept of “narrative” has spiked in the nonprofit and philanthropic worlds. There exists a growing consensus among people committed to social justice that traditional change efforts like organizing, advocacy, and litigation cannot be fully effective or lasting unless they are integrated with a narrative change strategy. Definitions of what narrative means vary greatly, and the art and craft of changing it can seem mysterious. But experience and research point to clear, replicable approaches for reshaping public narratives in support of social justice.
What is Narrative and Why does it Matter?
At The Opportunity Agenda, we define narrative as “a Big Story, rooted in shared values and common themes, that influences how audiences process information and make decisions.” Narratives are conveyed in the political and policy discourse, but also in news media, popular culture, social media, and at dinner tables across communities.
As recent experience shows, many audiences are invulnerable to facts that do not fit within a narrative that they can understand and embrace.
Public narratives around criminal justice offer an example of how this idea plays out in practice. During the latter half of the 20th century, the dominant narrative on criminal justice was one rooted in law and order, personal responsibility, punishment, and an “us vs. them” connotation frequently bound up with implicit or explicit racial bias. Terms like “tough on crime,” “war on drugs,” “just say no,” and “don’t do the crime if you can’t do the time,” all flow from and reinforce that narrative. Political communications like George H.W. Bush’s notorious Willie Horton ad have used that narrative to great effect.
The competing narrative has been one rooted in prevention, systemic causes and solutions, safety, and human rights—doing what works to keep all communities safe, prevent harm, and uphold the values of fairness, equal justice, and accountability. Discourse around “second chances,” and discussing crime and drug addiction as public health epidemics reflects this competing narrative. Californians for Safety and Justice and its allies used key elements of this narrative to roll back elements of the state’s devastating “Three Strikes” legislation.
Audiences will interpret the same facts differently, depending on the narrative that is most salient in their minds.
Upon hearing that “African Americans are incarcerated at more than 5 times the rate of whites,” for example, audiences for whom the prevention and equal justice narrative is most prevalent typically conclude that people and policies in the criminal justice system tend to target and treat African Americans more harshly than whites for the same conduct, requiring systemic reform. Audiences for whom the law and order narrative is salient are most likely to conclude that African Americans are more disposed to commit crime, that targeting those communities is therefore justified, and that if any reform is needed, it relates to the personal choices and “culture” of African American individuals and families.
The prevailing narrative, in other words, is a critical driver of public support, activism, and sustainability of changes in policy and practice.
This dynamic plays out on countless issues, from “gun rights” and the Second Amendment, to economic opportunity and poverty, to marriage equality, to reproductive health and rights.
Narrative is different from messaging, sound bites, or slogans.
Whereas an overarching narrative should be relatively stable over time, with the same key values and themes, the specific messages that flow from it will necessarily differ in emphasis, tone and content, depending on the audience, sub-issue, timing, and external events. For example, messaging to “ban the box” by removing questions about criminal convictions from the initial stages of the hiring process might emphasize pragmatic economics and risk reduction with business leaders, redemption and second chances with faith communities, racial equity with civil rights activists, and economic opportunity and dignity with formerly incarcerated people and their families. While those entry points differ, each falls within the “tent pole” narrative themes of pragmatism, preventing harm, and ensuring fairness.
Conversely, messages that fall outside of the narrative tent should be generally be avoided, even if they seem catchy or “test well” in achieving short-term gains. For example, a ban the box message that “these people will be coming back to your communities from prison, so you’d better make sure they can get a job when they do,” plays on fear of the other, undermining dignity and inclusion. Similarly, terms like “ex-con,” “felon,” or “criminal” dehumanize and stigmatize, and should be avoided in favor of, for example, “people returning from prison,” “people with felony convictions,” or, “neighbors/co-workers who’ve paid their debt.”
Shifting Narratives in the 21st Century
Narrative change rarely happens on its own, particularly around contested social justice issues.
It typically results from a sophisticated combination of collaboration, strategic communications tactics, and cultural engagement, all attuned to key audiences and societal trends. It requires both discipline and investment.
The Opportunity Agenda approaches narrative change as a cyclical process that includes: (1) strategy discussions within fields and movements to understand the shared goals and values of proponents and people directly affected, as well as the points on which they differ; (2) communications research on audiences’ views, the media environment, and the openings for improving them; and (3) field testing and applying new narratives and messaging in the real world with an eye toward moving hearts, minds, and policy.
The process is a feedback loop because shifting narratives over time requires listening and learning from what is and is not working, and incorporating that back into movement goals, more refined research, and narrative evolution. External circumstances change, moreover, requiring recalibration and, sometimes, reformulation. A human rights narrative that worked before the events of September 11, 2001, for example, would have to evolve in the years immediately after those events. Conversely, a more populist and transformative economic justice narrative became possible after the economic crisis and rising inequality of the last decade. Ignoring those seismic changes risks clinging to a narrative that has become tone deaf or out of date.
A common challenge facing movements engaged in narrative change is the tension between short-term campaign communications and long-term narrative change.
In 2012, for example, the Democratic Party Platform called for “comprehensive immigration reform that brings undocumented immigrants out of the shadows and requires them to get right with the law, learn English, and pay taxes.” That language “tested well”—meaning that it increased support for a pathway to citizenship by around ten percentage points among moderate conservatives—including many in Congress. And some D.C. immigrant rights advocates began using such language, as did President Obama.
But the language was detrimental to a longer-term narrative rooted in the idea that immigrants are a part of us, that they contribute to our economic engine and social fabric, and that the nation’s tradition of human rights and due process includes them. It invoked the values of punishment, law, and order, rather than community, opportunity, and pragmatism. What’s more, it falsely suggested that a lawful immigration option existed, that undocumented immigrants had to be forced or “required” to pursue it, and that immigrants were shirking taxes and resisting English acquisition—reinforcing the anti-immigrant movement’s narrative. Many of us opposed that language as counterproductive at the time, but it was the DREAMers who most vocally rejected it, and who most effectively advanced the more productive narrative, which has emerged as the predominant one within the movement.
That continuing process requires investment and infrastructure. Diverse stakeholders need the time, space, and resources to come together and have candid, often difficult, strategy conversations. It must lift up the voices of people most affected by the issue, who may not be affiliated with traditional organizations, and may not have the time, resources, or personal safety to travel to conferences or other institutionalized convenings. Public opinion, media, and other communications research—though more accessible than in years past—requires funds and expertise. Honing and delivering a compelling narrative to diverse audiences of decision-makers, influencers, and activists requires training and practice to build message discipline. And creating a continuous echo chamber of “on-narrative” messaging attuned to breaking events requires communications staffing, technology, and assets.
Often, the web of investment and infrastructure is best developed through a “hub and spokes” approach at the regional, as well as national, levels. Not every organization will have, or needs to have, a fully staffed and resourced communications department. But those resources must exist within at least a few well-positioned organizations in each region, with the mandate and capacity to work collaboratively with allied leaders and organizations. That requires not only people and dollars, but also the cultural fluency, trust, and inclination to foster collaboration among people who may not see eye-to-eye on policy details.
The criminal justice reform field, for example, includes grassroots activists, policy advocates, reform-minded law enforcement and elected leaders, entertainment and sports figures, faith groups, business and labor leaders, and others, with different entry points and perspectives. Some are particularly concerned about racial justice, while others focus on cost and efficiency, and still others prioritize reducing recidivism. Parts of the sector seek to abolish prisons as we know them, while others aim for a smaller system that is more effective at rehabilitation and redemption.
Moving a shared narrative does not require reconciling those differences, but it does require understanding, respecting, and bridging them through collaborative communication.
Inevitably, there will be disagreements about how to address different issues and audiences while remaining within the narrative “tent poles.” And there will be allies who choose to ignore or circumvent an agreed-upon narrative for strategic or ideological reasons. In the long-term, a participatory, diverse, and inclusive narrative process can withstand those tensions, because it is based on shared values, consensus, and what works. Over time, a strong narrative has its own draw, bringing allies, the media, and even some opponents into its gravitational pull. Bill Clinton’s declaration that “the era of big government is over,” and Lyndon Johnson’s assertion that “we shall overcome,” were watershed moments because they represented the adoption of a movement as part of the mainstream.
The rise in bipartisan support for some aspects of criminal justice reform in the last several years is instructive. Historically low crime rates and diminished fear of crime in most parts of the country, as compared to past decades, softened the ground for a more proactive and fairness-oriented criminal justice reform narrative today. Criminal justice reform movements and leaders have taken advantage of that opening to both activate their base and increase the salience of the fairness narrative among persuadable audiences.
At the same time, reform leaders have worked across ideological divides to gin up support from key elements of the conservative movement and constituency: (1) fiscal hawks who are appalled by the cost and ineffectiveness of America’s over reliance on incarceration; (2) libertarians who are suspicious of government power and believe that laws should restrict people’s freedom only to the extent necessary to prevent harm to others; and (3) Christian conservatives who believe that all people have worth and deserve the opportunity for redemption.
Those perspectives, while supportive of some types of reform, can conflict with more progressive perspectives, as well as with each other. The conservative perspectives, for example, do not typically value racial equity, and often deny that discrimination exists. Fiscal hawks and libertarians support many cost-saving alternatives to incarceration, but often resist supporting the social services necessary to ensure that those alternatives are successful.
This disconnect has played out in the debate over opioid addiction, in which the dominant narrative on both sides of the political aisle has moved toward a beneficial one rooted in prevention, systemic causes, and compassion. At the same time, public concern is overwhelmingly directed at white communities in “Middle America,” with little recognition that similar problems in communities of color have evoked a narrative of punishment, individual blame, and dehumanization. People of color afflicted with addiction have been labeled “junkies” and “crackheads,” in the public discourse, whereas whites struggling with addiction are discussed as neighbors, family members, and victims of an epidemic.
A sophisticated narrative change strategy must navigate these cross-currents and tell a shared story, even as different constituencies hold different priorities, and actively disagree on important points.
Narrative change is not about consensus on every policy detail, but rather agreement on the broad values, themes, and directions that the public discourse and public policy should take. An effective criminal justice reform narrative must be broad enough to convince undecided audiences, activate the base, and diminish the opposition’s influence. And it must be specific enough to build support and activism for concrete changes in policy and practice. It must lift up equal justice as a goal, even as proponents may differ about the progress that’s been made toward that goal.
History shows us that doing so is possible. Racial justice leaders of the 1950s and early 60s wove together integrationists, black nationalists, white liberals, organized labor, faith constituencies, northern business leaders, and others around a narrative tied to opportunity, human dignity, and human rights, even as those constituencies often differed in their goals, as well as their methods. When necessary, they rode the winds of Cold War competition for hearts and minds, and other dynamics of the day.
The conservative movement also achieved that balance in the wake of its devastating defeat in the 1964 elections. Over a relatively short period, William F. Buckley and other conservative strategists wove together the disparate passions and priorities of fiscal hawks, business conservatives, Christian conservatives, and segregationists to develop a narrative rooted in limited government, personal responsibility, law and order, military might, and dog whistle racism that served that movement’s goals for decades. Its leaders stoked and channeled backlash against civil rights gains, economic insecurity, and other concerns to connect with millions of persuadable, mostly white working-class voters.
In each case, narrative victories flowed from a keen understanding of disparate audiences, and a channeling of social and political cross-currents. Importantly, that is different from attempting to reach everyone or persuade “the general public,” which is typically destined to fail—no movement has the resources to reach everyone, and not everyone is crucial to victory. Indeed, on some issues, a highly engaged base can be enough to succeed—as when politically-active NRA members mobilize to defeat even modest gun safety legislation that large majorities of voters support. More often, a carefully selected set of base and persuadable audiences hold the keys to success.
The Power of Popular Culture
A less discussed but hugely influential factor in narrative shift is culture. Indeed, nearly every successful movement for social justice in our country has included artists and entertainers among its eloquent voices, and popular culture as a driver of narrative change. Consider the role that Jackie Robinson, Nina Simone, and Harry Belafonte played in the civil rights movement’s narrative—as symbols, leaders, and storytellers. Think of the role that shows like Will & Grace, Glee, and Modern Family played in advancing an LGBTQ equity narrative, as did cultural figures like Ellen DeGeneres and Ricky Martin. And, on the conservative side, consider how Clint Eastwood’s Dirty Harry films and Charlton Heston’s NRA leadership contributed to a narrative of “gun rights” as necessary, intensely masculine, and profoundly American.
These cultural contributions to narrative change were the result of cultivation and strategizing between advocates, creatives, organizers, and others.
Harry Belafonte’s relationship with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., for example, inspired and equipped him as a civil rights evangelist within and beyond Hollywood. Poet Maya Angelou worked as Northern Coordinator of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Muhammad Ali became a champion of racial justice and black power under the mentorship of Malcolm X, and singer Nina Simone and Malcolm X were neighbors. Yet, in each case, the artist’s unique voice and creative talents were independent drivers of narrative change.
Similarly, today, cultural contributions to narrative change require strategy and relationship-building, paired with respect for creative freedom. The force of NFL players taking a knee for social justice, or of Beyoncé’s powerful Lemonade, for instance, would be diminished if they were inauthentic or controlled by advocates. At the same time, cultural works and voice have their greatest power when they share core themes and values with movements, and drive fans and followers toward concrete solutions and activism. The proper relationship is nuanced, but potent.
Assessing Progress, Learning from Setbacks
Finally, proper evaluation is crucial to making and sustaining progress in a tumultuous media and political environment. A narrative change strategy should measure activity (convenings, press events, Twitter chats, etc.), reach (news media audiences, Twitter followers), engagement (website visits, event attendance, social media shares, shifts in media coverage), and impact (changes in public opinion, policy, and behavior).
Assessing causation in the communications field is notoriously difficult, and doubly so when the effort involves multiple issues, actors, and locales over time. But the rise of social media has exponentially increased access to data on audiences, public discourse, and behavior.
Developing a culture of open source learning and evidence-based improvement is crucial to success.
The current era offers significant challenges, but also huge opportunities for positive narrative change. For the first time in human history, almost all of us have the tools to communicate with millions of people around the country and world, and to hear what they have to say in return. The tools for video storytelling, once out of reach for most social justice organizations, are now in almost everyone’s pocket. And interest in narrative change, strategic communications, and cultural strategies in the social justice field is as high as it’s ever been.
The progressive narrative emerging in 21st century America has its own pillars. They include the idea that diversity is one of our nation’s greatest strengths. That talent and dignity are equally distributed amongst our people, but opportunity and human rights are not. That we’re all in it together and share responsibility for the common good. That government should be one of the ways we come together to solve tough problems and establish fair rules. And that people must have an equal voice and an active role in decisions that affect them, as well as the ability to counter corporations and other powerful institutions.
The full story, though, is not yet written.
We’ve just begun to have the tough conversations, detailed research, and trial and error necessary to a narrative that is true to our values and persuasive to others. The time is right to make narrative change a permanent part of our change strategy, and to tap the tremendous energy, expertise, and genius of our field to make it happen.
Alan Jenkins is President and Co-Founder of The Opportunity Agenda, a social justice communication lab.
This essay was created by the Blueprint for Belonging project, to find more videos, essays, podcasts, and our California survey on othering and belonging from this series click here.
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Home » Immigration & Migration » Despite punishing history, Haiti remains revolutionary, remarkable
Immigration & Migration, Opinion
Despite punishing history, Haiti remains revolutionary, remarkable
Haiti is a nation familiar with adversity. It was founded by blacks who won freedom from slavery by force of arms, then was ostracized by world powers that resented its very existence. In the 21st century, the country has endured disaster and deprivation — the latter of which might be poised to worsen.
About 50,000 Haitians could be forced to return to their homeland in 2020 if the Trump administration is successful in ending a special immigration status granted following the catastrophic 2010 earthquake in the capital, Port-au-Prince, that killed 200,000. The administration previously sought to end the temporary protected status by mid-2019 before being blocked by a California court late last year.
Haitians living and working legally in the USA since the earthquake could have to go back to a country that is the most impoverished and environmentally degraded in the Western Hemisphere.
A view of Port-au-Prince, capital of Haiti. The Caribbean nation is the poorest in the Western Hemisphere, continually rocked by political strife and natural disaster. But its survival as the only Western nation to emerge from a successful slave rebellion is remarkable.
Advocates who favor extending Temporary Protected Status for Haitians point out that a series of disasters since 2010 — a cholera outbreak and a cycle of hurricanes and drought — have intensified the humanitarian crisis. Water, food and medicine remain in short supply.
Sending tens of thousands of Haitians back would strain the small country’s limited resources, endanger the lives of those returning and sever a financial pipeline from Haitians working in the USA that is helping keep their family members alive in Haiti.
As the only Western nation to emerge from a successful slave rebellion, Haiti’s history and survival are remarkable.
The island of Hispaniola, shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic, was once the richest colony of the New World. The western third of the island — today’s Haiti — was known as Saint-Domingue and was a major destination of the transatlantic slave trade. At the height of Saint-Domingue’s prosperity, colonial power France had brought in some 800,000 enslaved Africans from what is now Senegal, Guinea and Sierra Leone.
Slaves provided the muscle for an economy that during the 1780s produced 60% of the coffee and 40% of the sugar consumed in Europe, as well as indigo and cotton. The crops earned the colony the nickname “Pearl of the Antilles.”
The French drove their sugar cane–cutting slaves especially hard. From the plantations came a former slave, Toussaint Louverture, skilled in veterinary medicine and a self-taught military strategist. He would become a leader in the Haitian Revolution, which began with a slave rebellion in 1791 and ended with the nation’s independence in 1804.
Sister Maryse Alsaint walks alongside a school damaged by a magnitude 5.9 earthquake the night before, in Gros Morne, Haiti, Sunday, Oct. 7, 2018. Emergency teams worked to provide relief in Haiti on Sunday after the quake killed at least 11 people and left dozens injured.
The revolution influenced events across the Americas. The French emperor Napoleon gave up on the New World, selling the vast Louisiana Territory to the U.S. In the Caribbean, Jamaica was poised for the next revolution, which many historians say the British would not have been able to stop. The U.S. ended the international slave trade in 1808 (although slavery remained legal).
Ever since, Western policies have been punishing Haiti for winning its independence.
“The problem was not politics or commerce. The central issue was … the specter of blacks ruling themselves,” said Barrymore Bogues, professor of Africana Studies and director of the Center for the Study of Slavery and Justice at Brown University. “The fragile example of ex-slaves ruling themselves — the Western powers had to make sure it failed.”
After its independence, Haiti was a fledgling country trying to find its place in an hemisphere dominated by slavery. “Their question was, ‘Are we going to be able to survive?’” Bogues said.
The answer: Barely. In 1825, Haiti started to pay France reparations — the equivalent today of $21 billion — to compensate the French slaveholders it had fought to overthrow.
The United States, fearing slaves in the South would get ideas about staging their own revolution, refused to trade with Haiti and didn’t recognize its independence until 1862. U.S. troops invaded Haiti in 1915 and didn’t leave until 1934.
“Haiti has been ruthlessly exploited by Western powers many times in its 200 years of independence,” said Madison Smartt Bell, an English professor at Goucher College in Towson, Md., and author of a trilogy of novels about Louverture and the slave revolt.
Jacob Lawrence’s No. 38 in his Toussaint Louverture series, depicting Napoleon’s failed attempt to restore slavery in Haiti. (1938, gouache on paper, Amistad Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, a gift of the Harmon Foundation, 1982.) (Photo: Provided)
Bogues also pointed to the Western powers history of propping up of ineffective and corrupt Haitian governments, including U.S. support for dictators Francois “Papa Doc” Duvalier and his son Jean-Claude “Baby Doc” Duvalier, who ruled Haiti from 1957 through 1986. Continue reading
Is $31M deal right for Little Haiti? Miami commission weighs Magic City development
Gunman attack Chile ambassador motorcade in Haitian capital
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A-Team hungry for more after World Champs silver
It was a tough one for April and Alix, but they will be ready for the next challenge
April Ross knew better when she told us that Alix Klineman and her were doing just the right things as they prepared for the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Championships Hamburg 2019 presented by comdirect and ALDI Nord.
The American duo played an amazing tournament, but came up just one match short from the elusive gold medal at the Rothenbaum Stadium losing to Canadians Sarah Pavan and Melissa Humana-Paredes in the final at the Red Bull Beach Arena.
After the game, April, who secured her third World Championships medal after striking gold in Stavanger 2009 and silver in Vienna 2017, explained her mixed feelings about their final result.
“To get here and have it being Alix’s first World Championships, it would have been so amazing to win gold,” the 37-year-old veteran said. “We’re obviously very happy to win a silver medal, this is the best I’ve ever done in a World Championships in an Olympic qualifying year and it goes a really long way until Tokyo, so we’re really proud about that, but it stings a ton to not have gold.”
The biggest frustration for the Americans was to not have played at their best level in the most important match to date of their partnership, which started at the beginning of 2018. April and Alix had played Sarah and Melissa in two finals this year, at the American AVP Huntington Beach tournament and at the World Tour four-star in Itapema, and they had won both.
And to know they had what it took to beat the Canadians and step on top of the podium themselves made this setback even harder to digest.
“It’s hard because we were for sure capable of winning and we did it before,” Alix, who scored six block points in the final, commented: “Unfortunately we didn’t come out at our best today, it just wasn’t there, and they put us in some tough situations as just part of us not being at our best. They’re a great team and we respect them a lot, but we really believe that we didn’t do our best and that’s really disappointing.”
Klineman scored 15 points in the gold medal match
With the silver medals around their necks, Alix and April are already looking forward to next week, when they will head to the Swiss Alps and try to look for that step forward at the Swatch Major Gstaad.
“I think I still have a lot of growth to go though and this is part of this growth and hopefully when the next tournament rolls around we’ll be standing on top of the podium,” April added. “In a way, it motivates us to be even hungrier next week in Gstaad and fight for all those qualifying points.”
Alix, who transitioned to the beach in 2017 after a successful volleyball career and didn’t start competing internationally until last year, echoed her partner and turned her focus to the next Major tournament in Gstaad where the team will be looking for another massive chunk of Olympic qualification points to add to the 1.440 they earned in Hamburg.
“I’m super proud that we got a second place here,” she reflected. “A lot of these matches were super hard-fought and we progressed a lot during the tournament. This isn’t the end we dreamed of, but luckily we have another big tournament right around the corner and I’m sure this will fuel the fire for us and we’re going to study like we always do and come back stronger. I’m not worried about us moving forward and figuring out how to get better from this and we’re already motivated, so watch out.”
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Art ReviewsNEW YORK CITY
ART REVIEW: Eric Fischl Takes Aim at Art Fair Culture in New Paintings
June 2, 2016 by Charles A. Riley II Art Reviews, Figurative & Portraiture, NEW YORK CITY, Painting, Reviews
In 2012, the 1980s art star and East End denizen Eric Fischl took his camera to Art Basel Miami Beach on a quasi-anthropological mission. His purpose was to capture images of the culture of the art fair, catching his “characters” (as he calls them) in their unnatural habitat.
Later forays into the tents of Art Southampton and Frieze New York on Randall’s Island furnished a trove of images featuring disaffected socialites oblivious to the paintings and sculpture around them. These studies are the basis for 10 large and perturbing paintings presented in his first New York exhibition with Skarstedt Gallery on the Upper East Side (after previously being represented by Mary Boone).
There are two ways to approach the show. As a bitter commentary on the ethos of the art market, the thesis—art conspicuously ignored by shallow if fashionable fairgoers—offers caustic wit. At the same time, it is a perennial pleasure to see Fischl’s interpretations of the figure, and the most gratifying painterly moments in this exhibition for this viewer are those that can be traced to the life drawing class.
The artist also displays a Sargent-esque attention to fashion. The highlights of the meticulous attention to fabric and cut always seem to come in one color in these works: black. The steady application of a rich, matte black across expanses of foreground depicting the Armani suits and Chanel dresses, in such paintings as The Disconnect and Her, serves the mimetic purpose of fixing the exact tone and silhouette of the original on the canvas. Fischl pays attention to the code of haute couture at the fairs, no matter where they are held: “Same crowd, different clothes. Always the same experience,” he told The Guardian in October 2014.
"Her" by Eric Fischl, 2016. Oil on linen, 90 x 68 inches. Courtesy Skarstedt Gallery.
These awkwardly arranged, glum figures mired in the ennui of the fairs are unlike Fischl’s earlier group portraits of attractive and happy celebrities in various stages of undress on the sunny beaches of St. Bart’s or the Hamptons, in which luminaries from the arts (Bryan Hunt, Fischl’s wife April Gornik, Cindy Sherman and others of that charmed circle), literature (E.L. Doctorow) and entertainment (Steve Martin, Martin Short) can be identified.
In the art fair series, the apparently convincing portraits—the bearded, flat-topped dealer, the deal-hungry collector, the disaffected gallerista—are not always based on a specific person. Fischl has archly disguised some of the players as types, the anonymous elite peopling the candid “atmosphere” shots taken at VIP previews and posted the next day by Patrick McMullan.
They are awkwardly deployed across the maze-like booths, contending with the figures in the paintings as well, as in What Doesn’t…Go Away…Miss? The characters have absolutely zero interaction with one another or the art, in this case nudes in the mode of Matisse.
Fischl’s main gripe is with an audience that will not pay attention to the art on the walls, including his own. In The Disconnect, he parodies his Girl with Doll (1987), swiftly reconstituted using a Matisse aqua for the ocean background and a flash of gold behind the tanned limbs of the nubile adolescent whose charms are lost on all who pass by.
She is set against the sweeping black and white brush stroke of a Lichtenstein sculpture and a barking dog by Haring in red. This is not the Haring red, as Fischl fiddles with the tones. All these works of art are entirely lost on a pair of well-dressed collectors intent upon a smartphone in one case, and something in another booth across the aisle in the case of the other. The sharp cuff and collar of a white shirt tinged in pale blue fixes the viewer’s gaze as an accent against the rippling black expanse of his shoulders and the whiter white of the Lichtenstein just beyond.
The burlesque figure in grisaille in Watch, like an Ashcan hoochie coochie girl crossed with one of Lisa Yuskavage’s well-endowed blondes, is a foil to the Tom Wesselmann style blonde with her candy-red lips and other attractions, before which an apprehensive real blonde, in the requisite black dress (this time streaked with some blue) seems to be worried that nobody is stopping by.
The same grisaille painting recurs in the background of She Says, “Can I Help You?” He Says, “It Can’t be Helped,” reminding me of the way Richard Diebenkorn depicted his own nudes on the wall of his studio in a 1963 painting.
When he interprets other artists, Fischl plays with the expected palette as well as the signature gestures, especially of Pop. The motif of smoke wafts through People Puff Poof, with a monk-like Brooklyn bohemian who (finally!) seems to be the one attendee to have found a work of art to examine.
In this case, the work is yet another Lichtenstein brushstroke sculpture (is Fischl suggesting that these pieces are too common at the fairs?) before a Wesselmann style smoking woman’s mouth. These are set against a background better suited to a Francis Bacon (the pumpkin orange Bacon used) while in the background a tall blonde checks her phone. Her hair blends with the green of the background and the color of her phone and she has some of the incorporeal vagueness of Fischl’s watercolors.
The titles lamentably veer between ham-handed gravitas (False Gods) and flippancy, including Rift/Raft. The latter title is reminiscent of the poet Wallace Stevens losing his nerve and backtracking from the verge of philosophy with an oddball phrase or pun.
"False Gods" by Eric Fischl, 2015. Oil on linen, 56 x 76 inches. Courtesy Skarstedt Gallery.
"Rift/Raft" by Eric Fischl, 2016. Oil on linen, 98 x 220 inches. Courtesy Skarstedt Gallery.
One problem with this kind of humor is that it can undermine the sincerity of the heavier intellectual lifting that Fischl is not afraid of attempting, which the paintings as well as his writing attest.
In False Gods, a figure slumped in a wheelchair offers a Lucian Freud moment with the mottled skin tones of his bald head. The figure’s head is crowned with a positively disgusting bit of twisted impasto that protrudes from the canvas just as a growth might project from the surface of the skin.
The dramatic and political climax of the exhibition, Rift/Raft, retains the thematic link to the fairs (the left side of the diptych), yet the panel on the right marks a significant psychological departure from the other paintings in the show. The anguished postures and expressions of the figures on the right, stripped from front-page images of the Syrian refugee crisis in Europe as well as so many other sources, are a world away from the spoiled, zoned-out fair denizens on the left side.
The huge work recalls an earlier double-barreled painting by Fischl on another immigration crisis (Haitian refugees), A Visit to/A Visit From/The Island (1983). In the earlier essay in political commentary, the relative weights of the two sides of the equation were more balanced. In Rift/Raft, the anaesthetized art fair scene suddenly seems puddle-deep by contrast with the excruciating urgency of the refugees struggling from the waves (there are 11 million Syrian refugees, and thousands of children have died).
"Eric Fischl: Rift Raft” at Skarstedt Gallery. Featuring "Rift/Raft" by Eric Fischl, 2016. Oil on linen, 98 x 220 inches.
Tim Adams, who profiled Fischl in The Guardian, is the author of the superb (if too short) catalogue essay. He asserts that Fischl is expressing anger on both sides of the diptych: “Some of this frustration—an anger at the commodified insularity of the ‘art world’—seems to break through in the most dramatic painting in the current show. Rift/Raft dramatizes the gulf between the concerns of those disconnected buyers and the very real conflicts in the world beyond.” Either that, or the tendentious correlation is obscenely stretched. The question is one of sincerity.
The glowering diptych is a reminder of how Fischl made his name as one of the most controversial social commentators in the ’80s. Readers of Fischl’s excellent memoir Bad Boy, a page turner with superb art historical insights, will know that he is a child of the Long Island suburbs (Port Washington). He went to art school in Phoenix College and earned his BFA from the California Institute of the Arts in 1972.
After a stint in Chicago, where he worked as a museum guard at the Museum of Contemporary Art, he started teaching painting at the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, where he met his future wife, April Gornik. Success came soon after his first New York solo show at the Edward Thorp Gallery in 1979. Now his work is in premier museums from MoMA, the Met and the Whitney to the Pompidou in Paris, the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles, and the Louisiana Museum of Art in Denmark.
The aesthetic incentive to linger before the paintings on an individual basis is not so much the earnest statement on the shallowness of the art market as it is the more substantive if familiar interaction between Fischl and the “Old Masters” of Modernism, from Matisse and Picasso through Lichtenstein and Wesselmann, among others.
The epitome of this type of “art about art” is extended to three tiers in Her, as Fischl expressively meditates on Lichtenstein tightly interpreting a brushy Picasso in his Pop idiom in the same booth space that has coyly reinterpreted a real Picasso.
BASIC FACTS: “Eric Fischl: Rift Raft” is on view May 3 to June 25, 2016 at the Skarstedt Gallery, 20 East 79th Street, New York, NY 10075. Eric Fischl in Conversation with Rachel Corbett will take place on Thursday, June 9, 2016 at 6:30 p.m. at the gallery. www.Skarstedt.com
ART REVIEW: Carnality and Culture, Part I: Marlene Dumas at David Zwirner
ART REVIEW: Steven Assael’s Brides Move Beyond Expectation at Forum Gallery
ART REVIEW: Krasner, Hockney and Sodi Works Brim with Vitality and Renewal
Next Act Art Artist Group Returns to Ashawagh Hall July 12 – 17, 2019
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Shanghai - Its Traditional Face
Discover the beauty and richness of China’s history and culture as you explore these landmarks that capture the essence of classical China.
Yuyuan Garden was initially a private garden built in 1559 of the Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644). Due to the devastation by war in the later times, it was renewed in 1956 and finally opened to public in 1961. The present garden covers an area of over 30 mu (0.74 acres), with the style of the Ming and Qing (1644 - 1911) Dynasties. The garden gives prominence to quietness and elegance. The large rockwork, Yulinglong Stone Peak, Jiuquqiao Bridge, Huxinting Pavilion and Lotus Pool are the most distinctive scenery there. In addition, the paintings, sculptures, furniture, Chinaware and other valuable cultural relics displayed in the garden are also worth experiencing.
In the western part of Shanghai lies the Jade Buddha Temple. Originally built in 1882, the temple as seen today was built in 1928. The temple received its name from the two jade statues of the Buddha that it houses.
Private car/coach for transfers service and sightseeing program.
Local English-speaking tour guide for transfer and sightseeing program.
Entrance fees to scenic spots as indicated in the itinerary.
Meals as specified in the itinerary.
Parking fee & toll fee wherever applicable.
Personal expenses such as drinks, optional activities, etc.; Gratuities to the tour guide & driver.
Available: Daily; Pick up around 9:00am.
Your private English-speaking guide and driver will pick you up from your hotel around 9:00am.
Begin your tour at Yuyuan Garden, built during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD). Enjoy a respite from bustling city life as you stroll through the garden, admiring the pavilions, ponds and dragon-lined walls. Yuyuan Garden translates to the 'Garden of Contentment' in English, and you will experience tranquility as you explore this 400-year-old classical Chinese garden.
Visit the Jade Buddha Temple to see the intricately carved jade Buddhas and ancient paintings. Enjoy lunch at a local Chinese restaurant.
Next, stop by the Chenghuangmiao Temple – the 'Temple of the Town Deity'. Back in ancient China, every city had its own temple to worship its local deity, who was believed to protect the townspeople.
Finish your day shopping for mementos, vintage trinkets and gifts at Dongtailu Antique Market, Shanghai’s only remaining flea market. Keep your eyes out for revolution-era porcelain statues, Chinese dishes, vases and old cameras. With 125 stalls to browse, the market offers a not-to-be-missed experience.
End the tour and transfer you to the hotel.
Tour requires a minimum of 2 people to operate.
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Light Station History
Blue Water SandFest
Lighthouse Resources and Links
Keeping the Light Burning Bright
The video above, provided by St. Clair County Parks, highlights the long history and importance of the Fort Gratiot Light Station as well as providing an overview of the extensive restoration work that was completed on the tower.
The five-acre retired Coast Guard Station includes the Fort Gratiot Lighthouse (1829), which is the oldest lighthouse in Michigan. It was officially transferred to St. Clair County Parks from the United States Coast Guard in 2010.
The Light Station includes the Light Keeper’s Duplex (1874), Fog Signal Building (1900), Single Keeper’s Dwelling (1932), former Coast Guard Station (1932), Equipment Building (1939), and a three bay garage (1990’s).
The agreement with the Federal Government requires St. Clair County Parks to oversee the restoration of the site, following the Historic Structures Report. The report is a guideline for how the site should be restored, beginning with the light tower. Following the report, restoration of the tower began in the fall of 2011 and was completed in the spring of 2012 and reopened for tours. The restoration of the tower was made possible by a Save America’s Treasures Grant and a match from the city of Port Huron.
All improvements to the site are being completed with various grants. In the fall of 2011, roof repairs were made to the Fog Signal Building and the Equipment Building using grants from the Michigan Lighthouse Assistance Program (MLAP). The matching funds were provided by the Friends of the Fort Gratiot Light.
Restoration of the Equipment Building, located at the entrance to the site, has been completed. The building houses the Light Station Gift Shop, operated by the Port Huron Museum. This project included a new roof, new windows, and new shutters - all fabricated to 1939 standards in line with site restoration requirements. The building was painted inside. The aluminum siding was removed, allowing for repair and restoration of the original cedar siding.
Restoration of the Light Keeper’s Duplex and the Single Keeper’s Dwelling continues with replacement of wood porches on the buildings with brick, bringing the external appearance of the buildings to the 1930s. Restoration work in the kitchen and pantry of the Duplex Building took place in winter 2017. The family room and parlor were restored over the winter of 2018.
St. Clair County Parks
Community Foundation of St. Clair County
Port Huron Museum
Fort Gration Light Station County Park
2802 Omar Street
Port Huron, Michigan 48060
fortgratiotlightfriends@gmail.com
The Park is open daily from 7:00 AM to 10:00 PM. Admission to the park grounds is free.
For current information on guided tours of the Light Station and operations of the giftshop, visit the Port Huron Museum website.
© 2019 Friends of the Fort Gratiot Light Station
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All posts tagged Brian DeLay
Top Young Historians: 116 – Brian DeLay, 38
Edited by Bonnie K. Goodman
116: Brian DeLay, 10-24-10
Teaching Position: Associate Professor, University of California, Berkeley, 2010-Present
Area of Research: US and the World; 19th-century Americas; transnational history; US-Mexico Borderlands; native peoples; the international arms trade
Education: Ph.D., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, March, 2004
Major Publications: DeLay is the author of War of a Thousand Deserts: Indian Raids and the U.S.-Mexican War. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008 [paperback, 2009].
Delay is the co-author with James West Davidson, William E. Gienapp, Christine Leigh Heyrman, Mark H. Lytle, and Michael B. Stoff, Experience History: Interpreting America’s Past [Formerly Nation of Nations: A Narrative History of the American Republic], McGraw-Hill (2010). Concise Edition: US/A History (2009).
DeLay is also the author of numerous scholarly journal articles, book chapters and reviews including among others: “Independent Indians and the U.S.-Mexican War,” American Historical Review 112 (Feb., 2007), 35-68; “The Wider World of the Handsome Man: Southern Plains Indians Invade Mexico, 1830-1846,” Journal of the Early Republic 27 (March, 2007), 83-113.
Delay is currently working on the following projects: “Shoot the State: The Arms Trade and the Re-creation of the Americas, 1750-1900,” Book-length study in early development; “Blood Talk: The Structure of Violence in Borderland New Mexico,” chapter in revision for Edward Countryman and Juliana Barr, eds., Contested Spaces of Early America, edited collection in progress;
“Comanches in the Cast: Remembering Mexico’s ‘Eminently National War,’” essay accepted for Charles Faulhaber, ed., The Bancroft Library at 150: A Sesquicentennial Symposium, edited collection in progress;
“Barbarians and Dearer Enemies: Frontier Wars and Federalist Uprisings in Northern Mexico, 1837-1840,” chapter accepted by Erick D. Langer, ed., for “Indians, the State, and the Frontier in Nineteenth-Century Latin America,” edited collection in progress;
“Opportunity Costs: Comanches between Texas and Mexico, 1836-1846,” chapter accepted by Andrew Frank and Glen Crothers for edited collection on North American borderlands, in progress.
Awards: DeLay is the recipient of numerous awards and fellowships including among others:
Bryce Wood Book Award for the outstanding book on Latin America in the social sciences and humanities published in English, Latin American Studies Association, 2010;
W. Turrentine Jackson (biennial) Award for best first book on any aspect of the history of the American West, Western History Association, 2009;
Robert M. Utley Award for best book published on the military history of the frontier and western North America, Western History Association, 2009;
Southwest Book Award, sponsored by the Border Regional Library Association, 2009;
James Broussard Best 1st book prize, Society for Historians of the Early American Republic, 2008;
Norris and Carol Hundley Best Book Award, Pacific Coast Branch of the American Historical Association, 2008;
The Sons of the Republic of Texas Summerfield G. Roberts Best Book Award, 2008;
Finalist, Francis Parkman Prize from the Society of American Historians, 2008;
Finalist for the Clements Prize for the Best Nonfiction Book on Southwestern Americana, 2008;
Honorable Mention, Texas State Historical Association’s Kate Broocks Bates Award for Historical Research, 2008;
Finalist for the PROSE Award in the U.S. History and Biography/Autobiography category, sponsored by the Association of American Publishers, 2008;
Appointed an Organization of American Historians Distinguished Lecturer, 2008-2011;
Bolton-Cutter Award for best borderlands article, Western History Association, 2008;
Robert F. Heizer Prize for the best article in the field of ethnohistory, 2008;
CLAH Article Prize, Conference on Latin American History, 2008;
Stuart Bernath Article Prize, Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations, 2008;
Phi Alpha Theta/Westerners International Prize for Best Dissertation, 2005;
Harold K. Gross Prize from Harvard University for the dissertation “demonstrating the greatest promise of a distinguished career in historical research,” 2004;
University of Colorado Residence Life Academic Teaching Award, 2005.
Formerly Assistant Professor of History, University of California, Berkeley, Fall 2009 – Spring 2010; Assistant Professor of History, University of Colorado, Boulder, Fall 2004 – Spring 2009.
DeLay’s articles have appeared in The American Historical Review, The Journal of American History, The Journal of the Early Republic, Diplomatic History, New Mexico Historical Review, Southwestern Historical Quarterly, and The Chronicle Review.
Personal Anecdote
I would’ve been more cooperative if I’d realized that the guy in the front of the bus had a gun. But bemused cluelessness had served me fairly well during other hairy moments in Mexico City, so when a skinny, nervous teenager strode up and told me to take off my seatbelt I just sat there. “No hablo español” I muttered, hoping he’d leave me alone. He shook his head and kept going, working his way up the aisle and talking quickly to each passenger in turn. Clicking noises followed his progress like a chorus. Everyone else on the still-speeding Mexico City-Puebla bus took off their seatbelts. Weird. Don’t look interested, I told myself. Maybe it’s some sort of perverse anti-safety campaign? Then I noticed that the burly guy in the front of the bus was waving something small and black in the air. He shouted incomprehensibly, but everyone else must have understood because all at once they bent down and buried their faces in their hands. Okay, bad sign. The teenager began making his way back down the aisle, holding something (a bag?). I kept staring at my book, determined to stay in clueless character. He paused for a moment when he reached my seat and then hit me across the face, sending my glasses skittering across the floorboards. “Take your [colorful Spanish adjective] seatbelt off and cover your eyes, you stupid [colorful Spanish noun].” Oh, I thought. That’s what’s happening.
In retrospect getting robbed that day was a pretty tame brush with danger, especially compared to some of my friends’ stories. Whenever I’ve recounted it, it’s always come out as (light) dark comedy. But the truth is that those guys scared the hell out of me and most everyone else on the bus. I vividly remember the sound of my heart beating in my ears; the older lady across from me whose hands shook as she removed her earrings, and the relief, tears, and outrage on board once the thieves jumped off.
That experience, along with a handful of other frightening but ultimately harmless situations on this and later research trips, left me with a valuable gift: a little taste of fear, helplessness, and vulnerability. I’d come to Mexico to study interethnic violence in the north of the country in the decades before the U.S.-Mexican War. Sometimes this violence unfolded in matched battles between groups of fighters. More often it involved armed, mounted men launching surprise attacks on isolated groups of families. Thousands of children, women, and men died in these attacks, and thousands more lost their daughters and sons, their parents, their siblings and neighbors, and some or all of their meager possessions. The grief, terror, desperation, and heartbreak these thousands of people experienced, what did I know about that? Virtually nothing. But that seemed just slightly better than absolutely nothing. I don’t know if my own miniscule brushes with danger helped me write about these people with more sensitivity, empathy, or nuance. But they definitely made me want to.
By Brian DeLay
In miniature, the story goes like this. In the early 1830s, for a variety of reasons, Comanches, Kiowas, Apaches, Navajos, and others abandoned imperfect but workable peace agreements they had maintained with northern Mexicans since the late eighteenth century. Men from these Indian communities began attacking Mexican ranches and towns, killing and capturing the people they found there and stealing or destroying the Mexicans’ animals and property. When able, Mexicans responded by doing the same to their indigenous enemies. The conflicts intensified through the 1830s and 1840s, until much of the northern third of Mexico had been transformed into a vast theater of hatred, terror, and staggering loss for independent Indians and Mexicans alike. By the eve of the U.S. invasion these varied conflicts spanned all or parts of ten states. They had claimed thousands of Mexican and Indian lives, made tens of thousands more painful and often wretched, ruined northern Mexico’s economy, stalled its demographic growth, and depopulated much of its countryside. The consequences were far-reaching. I argue that the bloody interethnic violence that preceded and continued throughout the U.S.-Mexican War influenced the course and outcome of that war and, by extension, helped precipitate its manifold long-term consequences for all the continent’s peoples — Brian Delay in “War of a Thousand Deserts Indian Raids and the U.S.-Mexican War”
KERA radio interview on War of a Thousand Deserts, Dec. 1, 2008 mp3
About Brian DeLay
“Action-packed and densely argued.” — Larry McMurtry, New York Review of Books
“Brian DeLay is one of the most articulate and original authors writing in the Western Americana field today.” — Howard R. Lamar, author of The New Encyclopedia of the American West
“With a good sense of drama and narrative, DeLay tells the story of how the interactions and preconceptions of Mexicans, Americans, and independent Indian tribes shaped the borderland region in ways none of the parties expected. This book will force many readers to rethink their basic assumptions about Indians as nineteenth- century political actors. This is not just the most significant work on the U.S.-Mexico War to appear in a generation, but a study with wide-ranging implications for the history of North America. Brian DeLay shows how enlightening transnational history can be when done well.” — Amy S. Greenberg, The Pennsylvania State University
“In supple prose, DeLay analyzes the interactions in the years leading up to the war among three ‘nations’—the struggling new Mexican republic, the confident and opportunistic (but also relatively new) U.S., and the older, highly dynamic peoples of indigenous America—as well as among the compellingly depicted individuals and groups that composed them.” — Margaret Chowning, University of California at Berkeley
“DeLay’s War of a Thousand Deserts begins with a long-neglected question: what role did Indian Nations of the Southern Plains—Comanches, Kiowas, Apaches—play in the era of the U.S.-Mexican War? His answers sweep across the borderlands in stories of violence, trauma, and the devastating cultural effects of endemic warfare on indigenous and Mexican peoples alike. A tireless researcher and gifted writer has given us a necessary, if profoundly disturbing, look at the history of our American West.” — James F. Brooks, author of Captives & Cousins: Slavery, Kinship, and Community in the Southwest Borderlands
“Brian DeLay’s compelling and well-documented narrative of a little-known subject—Indian raids into northern Mexico—offers new insights on the impact of those attacks on the affected countries and peoples.” — Pedro Santoni, author of Mexicans at Arms: Puro Federalists and the Politics of War, 1845-1848
“In War of a Thousand Deserts, Brian DeLay tells the fascinating—and long-forgotten—story of the savage, interethnic conflict between independent tribes, Mexicans, Texans and norteamericanos. . . . [DeLay] is an imaginative and resourceful researcher. . . . Drawing on contemporary accounts by Mexicans and Texans, DeLay provides a sophisticated, speculative, and controversial account of the motivations of Indians.” — Glenn Altschuler, Tulsa World
“[A] masterful exercise in the reading of a broad range of primary sources to which historians have previously paid scant attention. DeLay tells a fascinating story that will reshape how historians understand and explain the coming of the U.S.-Mexican War and its aftermath.” — Jesús F. de la Teja, Great Plains Quarterly
“Brian DeLay offers an important reassessment of not only the U.S.-Mexican war but also the history of American expansion more broadly. . . . DeLay’s War of a Thousand Deserts beautifully narrates the under-told tale of how Native Americans powerfully determined the history of U.S. expansion into Mexico.” — Ned Blackhawk, The Journal of Military History
Over all, [War of a Thousand Deserts] provides a most satisfying, interesting narrative without sacrificing critical assessment or theoretical considerations.” — F. Arturo Rosales, Montana the Magazine of Western History
“Meticulously researched, the book shows that the impact of Native American activities in the region was stronger and had more lasting consequences than did the activities of Spaniards, Mexicans, or Americans.” — J. A. Stuntz, Choice
“This insightful and gracefully written study casts fresh light on an important and much studied era in southwestern borderland history.” — Bruce Dinges
“In this provocative and ambitious book, DeLay situates southern plains peoples at the very center of the geopolitical transformation of North America in the mid-nineteenth century. . . . Offering dates, locations, and demographic data on participants and victims that he culled from Mexican sources, [War of a Thousand Deserts] is a variable treasure trove for future scholars.” — Amanda Taylor-Montoya, Common-Place
“This remarkable work fills an important gap in American historiography. . . . This brilliant work will certainly please the scholarly reader. . . . DeLay’s superb scholarship has culminated in a nuanced yet lucid narrative that will doubtless become a required reference for U.S., Mexico, Native American, and Borderlands scholars for a long time.” — Joaquin Rivaya-Martinez, Southwestern History Quarterly
“The author . . . has discovered a significant but overlooked phenomenon in front of and behind the U.S. Mexican War. . . . This is a superb contribution to the history of America’s expansionist era.” — DLW, Roundup Magazine
“This innovative political history presents a compelling interpretative framework for the U.S.-Mexican War of 1846-1848.” — Cynthia Radding, American Historical Review
Posted on Sunday, October 24, 2010 at 10:04 AM
Posted in Top Young Historians
Tagged Brian DeLay
https://historymusings.wordpress.com/2010/10/27/top-young-historians-brian-delay/
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All posts tagged Jersey Shore
Full Text Obama Presidency May 28, 2013: President Barack Obama’s Speech in Asbury Park, NJ After Touring the Jersey Shore with Gov Chris Christie
President Barack Obama congratulates New Jersey Governor Chris Christie while playing the “TouchDown Fever” arcade game along the Point Pleasant boardwalk in Point Pleasant Beach, N.J., May 28, 2013. (Official White House Photo by Pete Souza)
Remarks by the President in Asbury Park, NJ
Asbury Park Convention Hall
Asbury Park, New Jersey
THE PRESIDENT: Hello, New Jersey! (Applause.) It is good to be back in Jersey.
THE PRESIDENT: I love you back! (Applause.)
Let me, first of all, say thank you to Governor Christie for that introduction and the great work he’s done here. (Applause.) Your Mayor, Ed Johnson, is here as well and has been working tirelessly on your behalf. (Applause.) We’ve got three great representatives in Congress from New Jersey — Rush Holt, Frank Pallone, Donald Payne, Jr. (Applause.)
Now, last week, my advisors asked me — they said, Mr. President, do you want to spend next Tuesday in Washington, or would you rather spend it at the Jersey Shore? (Applause.) And I’ve got to say I’ve got to make some tough decisions as President, but this wasn’t one of them. (Laughter.)
AUDIENCE MEMBER: (Inaudible.)
THE PRESIDENT: I appreciate that. (Applause.)
Governor Christie and I just spent some time on the Point Pleasant boardwalk. I got a chance to see the world’s tallest sandcastle being built. We played some Touchdown Fever — I got to say, Christie got it in the tire the first try — (laughter) — although I did pay for his throws. (Laughter.) I played a little Frog Bog, and Governor Christie’s kids taught me the right technique for hitting the hammer to get those frogs in the buckets the way I was supposed to. (Laughter.) And, of course, I met with folks who are still rebuilding after Sandy.
Now, we all understand there’s still a lot of work to be done. There are homes to rebuild. There are businesses to reopen. There are landmarks and beaches and boardwalks that aren’t all the way back yet. But thanks to the hard work of an awful lot of people, we’ve got wonderful shops and restaurants and arcades that are opening their doors. And I saw what thousands of Americans saw over Memorial Day Weekend: You are stronger than the storm. (Applause.) After all you’ve dealt with, after all you’ve been through, the Jersey Shore is back and it is open for business, and they want all Americans to know that they’re ready to welcome you here. (Applause.)
And I’ve got to say, if they ever let me have any fun, I’d have some fun here. (Laughter and applause.) I was telling my staff on the ride over, I could see being a little younger — (laughter) — and having some fun on the Jersey Shore. (Applause.) I can’t do that anymore. (Laughter.) Maybe after I leave office. (Laughter and applause.)
I think a friend of mine from here once put it pretty well: “Down the shore, everything’s all right.” (Applause.) He’s the only guy a President still has to call “The Boss.” (Laughter.) Other than the First Lady. (Laughter.)
But for generations, that’s what this place has been about. Life isn’t always easy. We’re a people who have to work hard and do what it takes to provide for our families — but when you come here, everything’s all right. And whether you spend a lifetime here, or a weekend, or a summer, the Shore holds a special place in your heart and a special place in America’s mythology, America’s memory.
When I was here seven months ago, Hurricane Sandy had just hammered communities all across the East Coast, and lives were lost, and homes and businesses were destroyed, and folks were hurting. And I remember something Chris said back then. He said, “We cannot permit that sorrow to replace the resilience that I know all New Jerseyans have.”
AUDIENCE MEMBER: Yes, we do!
THE PRESIDENT: And it didn’t. You didn’t let it. You kept going. Because these towns have a special character — not just in the summer but all year round. From the moment the hurricane hit, first responders worked around the clock to save lives and property. And neighbors opened their homes and their hearts to one another. And you came together as citizens to rebuild.
And we’re not done yet, and I want to make sure everybody understands that, because for somebody who hasn’t seen their home rebuilt yet or is still trying to get their business up and running again, after all those losses, we don’t want them to think that somehow we’ve checked a box and we’ve moved on. That’s part of the reason I came back, to let people know we’re going to keep on going until we finish. (Applause.)
But if anybody wondered whether the Shore could ever be all right again, you got your answer this weekend. (Applause.) From Sea Bright to Bay Head, from Belmar to Seaside Heights, folks were hanging out on balconies and beaches. Shows were sold out at the Stone Pony. (Applause.) Kids were eating ice cream and going on rides, going and eating some more ice cream. (Laughter.) Guys were trying to win those big stuffed animals to impress a special girl. So like I said, the Jersey Shore is back in business.
The work is not over, though. Seven months ago, I promised you that your country would have your back. I told you we would not quit until the job was done, and I meant it. I meant it. (Applause.)
Craig Fugate, the head of FEMA, he couldn’t be here today, but I want to thank him and his team for their ongoing work. FEMA was here before Sandy made landfall; they’re still here today. They’re working with the Governor’s team and with the task force I set up to support families and communities who still need help. Since the storm hit, we’ve provided billions of dollars to families and state and local governments across the region, and more is on the way.
And even as my team is helping communities recover from the last hurricane season, they’re already starting to prepare for the next hurricane season, which starts this Saturday — because if there’s one thing that we learned last year, it’s that when a storm hits, we’ve got to be ready. Education, preparation — that’s what makes a difference. That’s what saves lives. And anyone who wants to make sure they’re ready — for a hurricane or any other disaster — I want them to visit something — a website called Ready.gov. Make a plan. It’s never too early.
We’ve also got to remember that rebuilding efforts like these aren’t measured in weeks or months, but they’re measured in years. That’s why just this past Thursday, we announced billions of new relief aid for New York and New Jersey transit agencies. And that’s why the Army Corps of Engineers is working to restore beaches and strengthen the Shore’s natural defenses. That’s why last year I joined Governor Christie and your representatives, fighting to get a relief package through Congress. We’re going to keep doing what it takes to rebuild all the way and make it better than it was before, make it stronger than it was before, make it more resilient than it was before. (Applause.)
So, Jersey, you’ve still got a long road ahead, but when you look out on this beach — this beautiful beach here, even in the rain, it looks good. You look out over the horizon, you can count on the fact that you won’t be alone. Your fellow citizens will be there for you — just like we’ll be there for folks in Breezy Point and Staten Island — (applause) — and obviously, we’re going to be there for the folks in Monroe [sic], Oklahoma, after the devastation of last week. (Applause.)
Part of the reason I wanted to come back here was not just to send a message to New Jersey, but send a message to folks in Oklahoma: When we make a commitment that we’ve got your back, we mean it — (applause) — and we’re not going to finish until the work is done. Because that’s who we are. We help each other as Americans through the bad times, and we sure make the most of the good times. (Applause.)
So let’s have some good times on the New Jersey Shore this summer. (Applause.) And next summer and the summer after that, and all year long, America, bring your family and friends. Spend a little money on the Jersey Shore. (Applause.) You’ll find some of the friendliest folks on Earth, some of the best beaches on Earth. And you’ll see that even after a tough couple of months, this place is as special as ever, and down the Shore, everything is still all right. (Applause.)
Thank you, everybody. God bless you. (Applause.) God bless America. (Applause.)
by bonniekgoodman on May 28, 2013 • Permalink
Posted in Agenda / Policy Tours, Governors, Hurricane Sandy, Obama Administration, Political Speeches & Documents, President Barack Obama, State Governments
Tagged Asbury Park, Barack Obama, Chris Christie, Jersey Shore, New Jersey, Superstorm Sandy
Posted by bonniekgoodman on May 28, 2013
https://historymusings.wordpress.com/2013/05/28/full-text-obama-presidency-may-28-2013-president-barack-obamas-speech-in-asbury-park-nj-after-touring-the-jersey-shore-with-gov-chris-christie/
Political Headlines May 28, 2013: President Barack Obama & NJ Gov Chris Christie Tour Recovery Efforts at Jersey Shore
Obama, Christie Tour Recovery Efforts at Jersey Shore
Source: ABC News Radio, 5-28-13
Office of NJ Gov. Chris Christie/Twitter
Seven months after superstorm Sandy hammered the New Jersey coast, President Obama returned to the Jersey Shore to highlight the state’s recovery and rebuilding efforts, declaring that the “Jersey Shore is back.”
“We’re still rebuilding after Sandy. Now we all understand that there is still a lot of work to be done,” the president said Tuesday before a crowd of 3,800 at the Asbury Park Convention Hall in Asbury Park, N.J….READ MORE
Posted in Agenda / Policy Tours, Governors, Hurricane Sandy, Obama Administration, Political Headlines, President Barack Obama, State Governments
https://historymusings.wordpress.com/2013/05/28/political-headlines-may-28-2013-president-barack-obama-nj-gov-chris-christie-tour-recovery-efforts-at-jersey-shore/
Political Buzz August 27, 2011: Day 1 Hurricane Irene Hits the East Coast — President Obama Visits FEMA, Tracking Storm
Ms. Goodman is the Editor of History Musings. She has a BA in History & Art History & a Masters in Library and Information Studies from McGill University, and has done graduate work in history at Concordia University.
IN FOCUS: HURRICANE IRENE HITS The East Coast — PARALYZING REGION
Edge of Hurricane Irene reaches New York City: In a press conference late Saturday night, Mayor Michael Bloomberg said it was no longer safe for New York City residents to remain outside or to evacuate. Hurricane Irene, which has drenched the mid-Atlantic states as it has moved north, caused New York City to order about 370,000 residents of low-lying areas to leave. It was the first evacuation order for the city. The city also shuttered its transit system and closed its airports.
Hurricane Irene bears down on Virginia Beach: After slowly making its way up the East Coast, Hurricane Irene is now bearing down on Virginia Beach and other parts of eastern Virginia.
Conditions: The region is encountering the windiest period of the storm from now into the overnight hours, with National Airport reporting sustained winds of 29 mph and gusts of 40 mph. As the onslaught of rain continues, the National Hurricane Center reports water levels rising in the Virginia tidewater region.
Power outages: More than 6,500 homes and businesses in D.C. are without power, 15,000 in Prince George’s County, 10,000 in Anne Arundel and 5,000 around Baltimore. Expect these numbers to rise as gusts whip through the area overnight.
Transportation: The Bay Bridge was ordered closed at 7:35 p.m. Saturday due to severe winds and unsafe driving conditions, the Maryland Transportation Authority said.
As Hurricane Irene slams East Coast, travel woes mount: Nationwide: There were an estimated 9,000 flight cancellations nationwide, with United, Continental and Delta Air Lines canceling thousands of their flights. Air France, British Airways and other international carriers also canceled flights.
Washington: The three airports serving the Washington area remained open Saturday evening, but most flights had been canceled. D.C. Metro is not planning to close early.
Virginia: Mandatory evacuations were ordered for at least 11 localities, among them the Sandbridge section of Virginia Beach, a barrier island dotted with rentals, Accomack on the Eastern Shore, and for low-lying areas of Norfolk, Hampton and Portsmouth.
Maryland: Mandatory evacuations ordered for Ocean City, coastal Worcester County, homes near cliffs in Calvert County. Maryland Transit Administration announced service suspension beginning Saturday evening.
New York: All three of the major airports serving New York City — Newark International Airport, John F. Kennedy International Airport and LaGuardia International Airport — shut down for the duration of the storm on Saturday afternoon. Subways have also been halted.
New Jersey: New Jersey Transit trains and buses to shut down.
Pennsylvania: Mass transit serving Philadelphia and its suburbs to halt at 12:30 a.m. Sunday.
Hurricane Irene makes landfall; rains start in the Washington area: Hurricane Irene made landfall as a Category 1 storm at 7:05 a.m. Saturday near Cape Hatteras, N.C. The storm leading edge arrived in the Washington area early Saturday with rain starting in the lower parts of the Chesapeake Bay and the beaches of Delaware after wind and rain battered the North Carolina coast. The East Coast of the United States continued to prepare for the storm late Friday, ordering more than a million people to evacuate the affected areas.
For more information, please visit the National Hurricane Center website at http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/, the AccuWeather Hurricane Center website at: http://hurricane.accuweather.com/hurricane/index.asp and the Storm Central graphics page at: http://centralstorm.wordpress.com/.
PHOTOS: In the path of Hurricane Irene — LAT, 8-27-11
The Preparations for Hurricane Irene and Reports of Damage: Hurricane Irene made landfall Saturday morning. The storm was expected to cause flooding in a dozen states this weekend. – NYT
“All indications point to this being a historic hurricane. I cannot stress this highly enough. If you are in the projected path of this hurricane, you have to take precautions now. Don’t wait. Don’t delay.” — President Barack Obama
PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA: I cannot stress this highly enough: If you are in the projected path of this hurricane, you have to take precautions now. Don’t wait. Don’t delay. We all hope for the best, but we have to be prepared for the worst.
GOV. BEVERLY PERDUE, D-N.C.: As governor of the state, I want to remind you once again that this hurricane is real. It is headed our way. We are ready. We’re prepared for the worst. And we continue to pray for the best. I urge every citizen along the coastal plains to evacuate. It is so much better to be safe than sorry.
SECRETARY OF HOMELAND SECURITY JANET NAPOLITANO: Given the amount of rain associated with this storm and the likelihood of flooding, however, I would encourage you not to focus too much on whether it’s a Category 2 or a 3. If you are in the storm path, you won’t be able to tell much difference.
MICHAEL NUTTER, (D) mayor of Philadelphia: Be prepared. Stay safe. Be smart. Evacuate, if necessary. Otherwise, please stay inside.
GOV. CHRIS CHRISTIE, R-N.J.: So, if for some reason you were thinking about going to dinner in Atlantic City tonight, forget it. Go someplace else.
MICHAEL BLOOMBERG, (I) mayor of New York: Now, we have never done a mandatory evacuation before. And we wouldn’t be doing it now if we didn’t think this storm had the potential to be very serious. The best outcome would be if the storm veers off to the east and doesn’t hit us, or doesn’t hit us hard. But we can’t depend on Mother Nature being so kind.
GOV. LINCOLN D. CHAFEE (RI): I have been monitoring the path and movement of the storm closely, and there is no doubt that Rhode Island will be hit with high winds, a storm surge, and rain generated by Hurricane Irene.
This declaration of emergency is a proactive step in our hurricane plan to ensure that we as a state are doing all we can to get Rhode Island through this storm safely and securely.
I want to stress that this is a major storm. Individual preparation is essential. Please take the necessary steps to secure your family and property and prepare to evacuate if your municipality issues an evacuation order. I am in close contact with mayors and town managers to ensure that cities and towns have the state support they need to make the best decision for their residents.
Statement by President Obama on Preparations for Hurricane Irene — WH, 8-26-11
President Obama Signs Maryland Emergency Declaration — WH, 8-27-11
President Obama Signs Rhode Island Emergency Declaration — WH, 8-27-11
President Obama Signs New Hampshire Emergency Declaration — WH, 8-27-11
President Obama Signs New Jersey Emergency Declaration — WH, 8-27-11
President Obama Signs Connecticut Emergency Declaration — WH, 8-27-11
President Obama Signs Massachusetts Emergency Declaration — WH, 8-27-11
President Obama Signs Virginia Emergency Declaration —
WH, 8-27-11
Obama says Hurricane Irene “extremely dangerous”: President Barack Obama on Friday warned Americans to take Hurricane Irene seriously and urged them to obey orders to evacuate from the path of what is likely to be an “extremely dangerous and costly” storm…. – Reuters, 8-26-11
Obama kept up-to-date on Irene: President Barack Obama is tracking the progress of Hurricane Irene at the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s command center. The center helps coordinate the government’s response to natural disasters. The White House says the government stands ready to aid states and communities in the storm’s path…. – AP, 8-27-11
Hurricane Irene Pushes North With Deadly Force: Weakened but unbowed, Hurricane Irene mowed across coastal North Carolina and Virginia on Saturday as it churned up the Atlantic Seaboard toward a battened-down New York City, where officials had taken what were called the unprecedented steps of evacuating low-lying areas and shutting down the mass transit system in advance of the storm’s expected midmorning arrival on Sunday.
Announcing itself with howling winds and hammering rains, the hurricane made landfall at Cape Lookout, on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, around 7:30 a.m., ending several days of anxious anticipation and beginning who knows how many more days of response and clean-up. Downed and denuded trees. Impassable roadways. Damaged municipal buildings. Widespread flooding. The partial loss of a modest civic center’s roof, forcing the relocation of dozens of people who had found shelter there…. – NYT, 8-27-11
With Storm Near, 370,000 in New York City Get Evacuation Order: New York City officials issued what they called an unprecedented order on Friday for the evacuation of about 370,000 residents of low-lying areas at the city’s edges — from the expensive apartments in Battery Park City to the roller coaster in Coney Island to the dilapidated boardwalk in the Rockaways — warning that Hurricane Irene was such a threat that people living there simply had to get out.
Officials made what they said was another first-of-its-kind decision, announcing plans to shut down the city’s entire transit system Saturday — all 468 subway stations and 840 miles of tracks, and the rest of the nation’s largest mass transit network: thousands of buses in the city, as well as the buses and commuter trains that reach from Midtown Manhattan to the suburbs…. – NYT, 8-27-11
“You guys are doing a great job, obviously. This is obviously going to be touch and go.” — President Barack Obama at FEMA Headquarters
With Katrina in Mind, Administration Says It’s Ready for Irene: Determined to avoid any comparisons with the federal government’s failed response to Hurricane Katrina, the Obama administration made a public display Saturday of the range of its efforts to make sure officials in the storm-drenched states had whatever help they needed from Washington.
President Obama, who returned to Washington a day early from his summer vacation on Martha’s Vineyard, visited the headquarters of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shortly after noon. While there, he checked in on the National Response Coordination Center, a 24-hour command center based at FEMA, where dozens of federal employees from a range of agencies were assembled around the clock to help orchestrate the response to Hurricane Irene…. – NYT, 8-27-11
Obama visits FEMA, predicts a ‘long 72 hours’ ahead: President Obama made an unannounced visit to the Washington headquarters of the Federal Emergency Management Agency on Saturday afternoon, where he praised the federal government’s response to Hurricane Irene after receiving briefings from governors and emergency managers.
“So what have we got here?” Obama asked as he entered the room where FEMA has been holding daily video conferences since Monday with state and local officials, the National Hurricane Center and other federal agencies…. – LAT, 8-27-11
Obama steps up response as Hurricane Irene threatens floods, outages: Politicians were taking no chances as more than one-fifth of the United States braced for the possibility of metal-bending winds, severe flooding and days without electricity due to Hurricane Irene’s race up the east coast…. – Globe and Mail
Hurricane Irene: What You Need to Know in New York: As New York City prepares for Hurricane Irene to reach the five boroughs, most of the city’s agencies have shut down service…. – NYT, 8-27-11
Connecticut, Rhode Island join Hurricane Irene evacuation list: Though Hurricane Irene was still hundreds of miles south, residents of low-lying areas of Connecticut and Rhode Island were evacuated Saturday as officials warned of widespread flooding from the powerful storm that is expected to strike at high tide…. – LAT, 8-27-11
“Over one million people have left the Jersey shore in the past 24 hours. The best way to preserve human life on the Jersey shore is for there to be no human beings on the Jersey shore.” — Governor Chris Christie said at a news conference
One million flee Jersey shore as surfers hit waves: More than a million people fled resort towns along the New Jersey shore ahead of powerful Hurricane Irene, whose arrival on Saturday was just hours away.
Mandatory evacuations covered all of the state’s barrier island beach resorts, including such well-known and popular spots as Atlantic City, Cape May and Long Beach Island.
Irene was expected to hit the state with at least 75 miles per hour winds and 6 to 12 inches of rain starting on Saturday night…. – Reuters, 8-27-11
Hurricane Irene churns its way north; 8 dead: Hurricane Irene, a ferocious and slow-moving storm, smashed into North Carolina on Saturday morning, then slowly swirled its way up the Eastern Seaboard, flooding low-lying areas, knocking out power to as many as 1 million customers…. – LAT, 8-27-11
Hurricane Irene Pictures: Storm Lashes US East Coast: Beachfront houses in North Carolina stand amid rising waves during the full force of Hurricane Irene, which made landfall Saturday morning as a Category 1 storm near Cape Lookout. The tempest brought winds of 85 miles (137 kilometers) an hour…. – National Geographic, 8-27-11
McDonnell urges residents to be cautious even though Irene has weakened: Virginia Gov. Robert F. McDonnell (R) urged residents not to let their guard down just because Hurricane Irene has weakened, saying it is still a serious storm that will likely cause major damage in the state. … – WaPo, 8-27-11
Tens of thousands lose power as hurricane batters Maryland: Hurricane Irene moved across Maryland overnight with high winds, heavy rains and dangerous tides. The storm cut power to tens of thousands of residents and turned the state’s biggest summer resort of Ocean … – Scremento Bee, 8-27-11
Irene makes landfall in N.C.; 4 deaths reported: Hurricane Irene made landfall on the Outer Banks of North Carolina about 7:30 a.m. ET Saturday morning, losing some power but still whipping up sustained winds of 85 mph, as it continued its run up the Eastern Seaboard.
The National Hurricane Center said the eye of the enormous Category 1 storm passed over Cape Lookout, with winds slipping a bit from 100 mph overnight, but warned Irene would remain a hurricane as it moves up the mid-Atlantic coast.
At 2 p.m. ET Irene was about 45 miles west northwest of Cape Hatteras, N.C., and about 95 miles south of Norfolk, Va. The storm was moving north-northeastward at 15 mph…. – CBS News, 8-27-11
Hurricane Irene Path: Atlantic Beach & Cape Fear Take First Hit in North Carolina: Hurricane Irene has made landfall near Cape Fear as a Category 1 with winds at 85 miles per hour, down 15 miles per hour from the 11 p.m. ET advisory.
“Incredibly strong gusts, pretty surprising to those of us who thought we were nearly done with Irene, after 18 hours,” said ABC News’ Steven Portnoy, reporting from Atlantic Beach, North Carolina…. – ABC News, 8-27-11
Hurricane Irene Makes Landfall; Moves North, Gathering Strength: By noon, about 438,000 residents were without power in North Carolina and Virginia, and winds and rain were picking up in the Washington, D.C. area, and in beaches stretching from Virginia to Delaware. Two deaths, both in North Carolina, have been blamed on the storm, CNN reports.
The storm has delivered maximum sustained winds of 85 mph, according to the National Hurricane Center. And hurricane-force wind gusts and a damaging storm surge will continue for the next several hours, weather forecasters predict…. – PBS Newshour, 8-27-11
Hurricane Irene update: Now Category 1 but major impact still ahead: Hurricane Irene has been downgraded to a Category 1 storm. But as it makes landfall in North Carolina and heads north, it’s still expected to pack a wallop with the greatest danger from flooding due to heavy rainfall and coastal storm surges…. – CS Monitor, 8-27-11
Hurricane Irene update: After initial landfall, storm heads north: Hurricane Irene ‘remains a large and dangerous storm’ Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano said Saturday. She advises residents in its path to ‘hunker down.’… – CS Monitor, 8-27-11
Hurricane Irene churns up East Coast; Virginia boy, 11, is killed by fallen tree: The howling Hurricane Irene churned up the East Coast on Saturday afternoon, battering buildings, knocking out power lines and toppling trees. An 11-year-old Virginia boy was killed after a tree fell on his family’s apartment.
Packing strong gusts and lashing rain, the brunt of the storm was expected to pass through the Washington area overnight and into Sunday morning. It reached land as a Category 1 hurricane, downgraded a notch from the greater force it gathered over the open Atlantic…. – WaPo, 8-27-11
“This is a storm where, if you’re in the wrong place at the wrong time, it could be fatal.” — New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg said in a press conference Saturday afternoon.
Hurricane Irene update: Storm claims its first lives: Hurricane Irene has caused a reported four deaths so far. Officials warn that storm surges and flooding could be greater because of the new moon arriving Sunday night…. – CS Monitor, 8-27-11
New York Subways Are Shut Down as Hurricane Irene Nears: New York became a city without one of its trademarks — the nation’s largest subway system — on Saturday as Hurricane Irene charged northward and the city prepared to face powerhouse winds that could drive a wall of water over the beaches in the Rockaways and between the skyscrapers in Lower Manhattan.
The city worked to complete its evacuation of about 370,000 residents in low-lying areas where officials expected flooding to follow the storm, and Gov. Chris Christie of New Jersey said that more than a million people had been evacuated, mainly from four counties in the southern part of the state.
Officials warned that a big problem could be flooding at high tide, around 8 a.m. Sunday morning — before the storm has moved on and the wind has slacked off in and around the city, assuming the storm more or less follows the path where forecasters expect it to follow…. – NYT, 8-27-11
New York shuts down ahead of Hurricane Irene: Times Square emptied out and evacuation shelters filled up as New York City shut down on Saturday ahead of Hurricane Irene, which charged up the East Coast on a direct path toward the world financial capital.
New Yorkers deserted the streets and took cover from a rare hurricane headed their way — only five have tracked within 75 miles of the city since records have been kept. The full impact of heavy rain, powerful winds and a surging sea was expected through Sunday morning…. – Reuters, 8-27-11
Nearly 75 percent without power in central Virginia: Downed trees, dangling power lines, darkened street lights, damaging winds and a deluge defined Hurricane Irene’s brush with the Richmond area…. – Richmond Times Dispatch, 8-27-11
Hurricane Irene: Why hurricane hyperbole never goes out of style:
Where should the media draw the line between reasonable warnings and fear-mongering? A few mistakes and a partially missed prognosis aren’t necessarily proof that the media blew the story.
On one 24-hour news channel, a correspondent described the calm before hurricane Irene as the calm before a B-movie zombie attack. One anchor proclaimed the storm to be “as big as Europe.” Elsewhere, the hurricane was touted as the storm of a lifetime.
Storm hype is of course nothing new, neither is saying overwrought things when trying to fill up hours of airtime.
But as the hurricane approached, the fever pitch of the Irene coverage took on a life of its own, with government officials leading a chorus of caution even as closer watchers of the weather, especially on the ground in North Carolina, grew increasingly convinced that Irene would not strengthen, but steadily weaken instead into something closer to a massive tropical storm…. – CS Monitor, 8-27-11
Twitter and Facebook buzzing about Hurricane Irene: You could track Hurricane Irene’s path up the East Coast on Saturday by following comments on Facebook and Twitter from people in the eye of the storm to those still waiting for its arrival…. – USA Today, 8-27-11
Irene expected to hit Canada with heavy rain and winds: The path of hurricane Irene remained unchanged Saturday, meaning the massive storm would likely bring heavy rain and the potential for hurricane force wind gusts when it reached eastern Canada later in the weekend forecasters said.
The Canadian Hurricane Centre in Halifax said the Category 1 hurricane was centred off North Carolina early Saturday and was expected to move up the eastern seaboard of the United States and through Long Island and into Maine late Sunday, before entering eastern Canada as a tropical storm.
Bowyer said as a result the heaviest rains were expected in northwestern New Brunswick and in the eastern townships of Quebec into early Monday, while areas to the east of the storm’s centre would see the heaviest winds…. – Canadian Press, 8-27-11
by bonniekgoodman on August 27, 2011 • Permalink
Posted in Hurricane Irene, Political Buzz, President Barack Obama
Tagged Barack Obama, Cape Cod, Chris Christie, Connecticut, Evacuation, FEMA, Hurricane Irene, Jersey Shore, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michael Bloomberg, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Power Outages, Rhode Island, Virginia, Washington DC
Posted by bonniekgoodman on August 27, 2011
https://historymusings.wordpress.com/2011/08/27/political-buzz-august-27-2011-day-1-hurricane-irene-hits-east-coast-president-obama-visits-fema-tracking-storm/
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Can climate change ever be funny? High Water thinks so
By Idealog, 04 Mar 2014
A comedy night themed around climate change? The state of the environment isn't usually a topic that's ripe for hoots, but the new collective High Water is putting on just such an event.
High Water - a small group of designers, comic artists and art enthusiasts - has gotten together some pretty stellar talent for the Hot Air show, including Michele A'Court and Jeremy Elwood, to be held at the Classic on Queen St on March 20.
Organisers say it will put a comedic spin on a traditionally serious topic with an injection of the best medicine of all – laughter.
“We wanted to do something different to what activist groups usually do,” says High Water founder Lisa Waldner. “And to the best of our knowledge, no one else in the world has tried something like this – climate change and comedy – together at last!
“It's about creatives getting an important message out there by doing what they do best – in this case, comedy – and getting paid to do it.”
High Water co-founder, Damon Keen, reckons the media have failed in their duty to deal with the issue of global warming.
“In 2013 we saw a raft of extreme weather events globally, and yet reporting on climate change in the media is at a seven year low. Frankly, if the media aren't going to do their job, then it's up to us to create new ways to look at the issue. Heck, if you don’t laugh about it – you’ll cry!”
Says Waldner: “Artists – be they musicians, performers, designers, photographers, illustrators, or film makers – are natural communicators. And I think a lot of them are concerned about the complete lack of progress on global warming. I really think – and hope - that by creating a new platform to work with, we can get climate change back onto the public agenda.”
Look out for more from High Water this year, including a climate change poster competition, a hard cover comic anthology and a play.
Get posts like this and more emailed to you - sign up to our newsletters for inspiration, advice and the latest success stories straight to your inbox every week.
Tagged: climate change, environment, events
How HSBC brought together a US renewable energy company with New Zealand’s Infratil Limited and the New Zealand Superannuation Fund
The Warehouse Group's Nick Grayston on why businesses must get used to environmental scrutiny
A 14-year-old New Zealander's response to her principal on climate change strikes: I'm doing it for my future
Why retailers going ‘green’ is a double-edged sword
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Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/f/pbr719.html
My authors Follow this author
Katharine Bradbury
First Name: Katharine
Last Name: Bradbury
RePEc Short-ID: pbr719
http://www.bostonfed.org/people/bank/katharine-bradbury.aspx
Boston, Massachusetts (United States)
http://www.bos.frb.org/economic/
P.O. Box 2076, Boston, Massachusetts 02106-2076
RePEc:edi:efrbous (more details at EDIRC)
Jump to: Working papers Articles Chapters Books
Bradbury, Katharine L., 2018. "Family characteristics and macroeconomic factors in U. S. intragenerational family income mobility, 1978–2014," Working Papers 19-1, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
Bradbury, Katharine L. & Brown, John C. & Burke, Mary A. & Graves, Erin & Triest, Robert K., 2017. "Community Education Circles in the Lawrence Public Schools: evaluation design and baseline survey data," Current Policy Perspectives 17-1, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
Bradbury, Katharine L., 2016. "Levels and trends in the income mobility of U.S. families, 1977−2012," Working Papers 16-8, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
Bradbury, Katharine L., 2014. "Labor market transitions and the availability of unemployment insurance," Working Papers 14-2, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
Bradbury, Katharine L. & Burke, Mary A. & Triest, Robert K., 2014. "Within-school spillover effects of foreclosures and student mobility on student academic performance," Working Papers 15-6, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
Bradbury, Katharine L. & Burke, Mary A. & Triest, Robert K., 2013. "The effect of foreclosure on Boston Public School student academic performance," Working Papers 13-12, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
Katharine L. Bradbury, 2011. "Trends in U. S. family income mobility, 1969-2006," Working Papers 11-10, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
Katharine L. Bradbury & Jane Katz, 2009. "Trends in U.S. family income mobility, 1967–2004," Working Papers 09-7, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
Katharine L. Bradbury & Jane Katz, 2008. "The responsiveness of married women’s labor force participation to income and wages: recent changes and possible explanations," Working Papers 08-7, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
Bo Zhao & Katharine L. Bradbury, 2008. "Designing state aid formulas: the case of a new formula for distributing municipal aid in Massachusetts," Working Papers 08-1, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
Katharine L. Bradbury & Bo Zhao, 2007. "Measuring disparities in non-school costs and revenue capacity among Massachusetts cities and towns," Working Papers 06-19, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
Katharine L. Bradbury & Jane Katz, 2004. "Wives' work and family income mobility," Public Policy Discussion Paper 04-3, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
Katharine L. Bradbury, 1997. "Property tax limits and local fiscal behavior: did Massachusetts cities and towns spend too little on town services under proposition 2 1/2?," Working Papers 97-2, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
Bradbury, K-L & Case, K-E & Mayer, C-J, 1995. "School Quality, Local Budgets, and Property Values : A Re-Examination of Capitalization," Papers 95-15, Wellesley College - Department of Economics.
Katharine L. Bradbury & Helen F. Ladd, 1987. "City Taxes and Property Tax Bases," NBER Working Papers 2197, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
Ladd, Helen F. & Bradbury, Katharine L., 1988. "City Taxes and Property Tax Bases," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association;National Tax Journal, vol. 41(4), pages 503-523, December.
K. Bradbury & R. Engle et al., 1975. "Simultaneous Estimation of the Supply and Demand for Household Location in a Multizoned Metropolitan Area," Working papers 160, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics.
Bradbury, Katharine L. & Burke, Mary A. & Triest, Robert K., 2013. "Do foreclosures affect Boston public school student academic performance?," Public Policy Brief, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
Katharine L. Bradbury, 2012. "Long-term inequality and mobility," Public Policy Brief, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
Katharine L. Bradbury, 2010. "State government budgets and the Recovery Act," Public Policy Brief, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
Bo Zhao & Katharine Bradbury, 2009. "Designing state aid formulas," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(2), pages 278-295.
Bradbury, Katharine & Zhao, Bo, 2009. "Measuring Non–School Fiscal Disparities Among Municipalities," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association;National Tax Journal, vol. 62(1), pages 25-56, March.
Katharine Bradbury & Jane Katz & Jessamyn Fleming & Charu Gupta, 2008. "U. S. family income mobility and inequality, 1994 to 2004," Interactive Maps and Charts, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
Katharine L. Bradbury & Christopher L. Foote & Robert K. Triest, 2007. "Labor supply in the new century," Conference Series ; [Proceedings], Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, vol. 52.
Katharine L. Bradbury & Christopher L. Foote & Robert K. Triest, 2007. "Labor supply in the new century," Monograph, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, number 52.
Katharine L. Bradbury & Yolanda Kodrzycki, 2007. "Massachusetts employment growth 1996–2006: effects of industry performance and industry composition," Public Policy Brief, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
Katharine L. Bradbury & Christopher L. Foote & Robert K. Triest, 2007. "U. S. labor supply in the twenty-first century," Conference Series ; [Proceedings], Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, vol. 52.
Katharine L. Bradbury & Christopher L. Foote & Robert K. Triest, 2007. "U. S. labor supply in the twenty-first century," Monograph, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, number 52.
Katharine L. Bradbury & Bo Zhao, 2007. "Measuring non-school fiscal imbalances of New England municipalities," New England Public Policy Center Policy Brief, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Jul.
Katharine L. Bradbury, 2006. "Measurement of unemployment," Public Policy Brief, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
Katharine Bradbury & Jane Katz, 2005. "Women's rise: a work in progress," Regional Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Q 1, pages 58-67.
Katharine L. Bradbury, 2005. "Regional differences in the impact of energy price increases," Public Policy Brief, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
Katharine L. Bradbury, 2005. "Additional slack in the economy: the poor recovery in labor force participation during this business cycle," Public Policy Brief, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
Katharine L. Bradbury & Jane Katz, 2002. "Women's labor market involvement and family income mobility when marriages end," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Q 4, pages 41-74.
Katharine Bradbury & Jane Katz, 2002. "Issues in economics: are lifetime incomes growing more unequal?: looking at new evidence on family income mobility," Regional Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Q 4, pages 2-5.
Katharine L. Bradbury, 2002. "Education and wages in the 1980s and 1990s: are all groups moving up together?," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Q 1, pages 19-46.
Bradbury, Katharine L. & Mayer, Christopher J. & Case, Karl E., 2001. "Property tax limits, local fiscal behavior, and property values: evidence from Massachusetts under Proposition," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(2), pages 287-311, May.
Katharine Bradbury, 2000. "How much do expansions reduce the black-white employment gap?," Regional Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Q3, pages 5-7.
Katharine L. Bradbury, 2000. "Rising tide in the labor market: to what degree do expansions benefit the disadvantaged?," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue May, pages 3-33.
Katharine L. Bradbury, 1999. "Job creation and destruction in Massachusetts: gross flows among industries," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Sep, pages 33-52.
Katharine L. Bradbury & Karl E. Case & Chirstopher J. Mayer, 1998. "School quality and Massachusetts enrollment shifts in the context of tax limitations," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Jul, pages 3-20.
Katharine Bradbury & Karl Case & Christopher Mayer, 1998. "Chasing good schools in Massachusetts," Regional Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Q 3, pages 25-26.
Katharine L. Bradbury & Yolanda K. Kodrzycki & Robert Tannenwald, 1997. "Effects of state and local public policies on economic development: an overview," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Mar, pages 1-12.
Katharine L. Bradbury & Yolanda K. Kodrzycki & Christopher J. Mayer, 1996. "Spatial and labor market contributions to earnings inequality: an overview," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue May, pages 1-10.
Katharine Bradbury, 1996. "Growing inequality of family incomes: changing families and changing wages," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Jul, pages 55-82.
Katharine Bradbury & Peggy Gilligan, 1994. "New England: the regional recovery," New England Banking Trends, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Spr, pages 3-10.
Katharine L. Bradbury, 1994. "School district spending and state aid: why disparities persist," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Jan, pages 50-68.
Katharine L. Bradbury, 1994. "New England job changes during the recession: the role of self-employment," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Sep, pages 45-60.
Katharine L. Bradbury, 1993. "Shifting patterns of regional employment and unemployment: a note," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Sep, pages 3-12.
Katharine L. Bradbury, 1993. "Equity in school finance: state aid to schools in New England," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Mar, pages 25-46.
Katharine L. Bradbury & Yolanda K. Kodrzycki, 1992. "What past recoveries say about the outlook for New England," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Sep, pages 15-32.
Katharine L. Bradbury, 1991. "Can local governments give citizens what they want? Referendum outcomes in Massachusetts," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue May, pages 3-22.
Lynn E. Browne & Jennifer L. Givens & Katharine L. Bradbury & Andrew Evans & Robert Tannenwald & Karl E. Case & Yolanda K. Henderson, 1990. "Retrospective of the 1980s," New England Economic Indicators, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Q I, pages 1-1.
Katharine L. Bradbury, 1990. "The changing fortunes of American families in the 1980s," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Jul, pages 25-40.
Katharine L. Bradbury & Karl E. Case & Constance R. Dunham, 1989. "Geographic patterns of mortgage lending in Boston, 1982-1987," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Sep, pages 3-30.
Katharine L. Bradbury & Lynn E. Browne, 1988. "New England approaches the 1990s," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Jan, pages 31-45.
Katharine L. Bradbury, 1988. "Shifting property tax burdens in Massachusetts," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Sep, pages 36-48.
Katharine L. Bradbury & Helen F. Ladd, 1987. "City property taxes: the effects of economic change and competitive pressures," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Jul, pages 22-36.
Katharine L. Bradbury & Lynn E. Browne, 1986. "Black men in the labor market," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Mar, pages 32-42.
Katharine L. Bradbury, 1986. "The shrinking middle class," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Sep, pages 41-55.
Bradbury, Katharine L & Downs, Anthony & Small, Kenneth A, 1980. "Some Dynamics of Central City-Suburban Interactions," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 70(2), pages 410-414, May.
Katharine Bradbury, 1978. "Income Maintenance Alternatives and Family: An Analysis of Price Effects," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 13(3), pages 305-331.
Katharine Bradbury & Robert Engle & Owen Irvine & Jerome Rothenberg, 1977. "Simultaneous Estimation of the Supply and Demand for Housing Location in a Multizoned Metropolitan Area," NBER Chapters,in: Residential Location and Urban Housing Markets, pages 51-92 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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Number of Journal Pages, Weighted by Number of Authors
Co-authorship network on CollEc
NEP is an announcement service for new working papers, with a weekly report in each of many fields. This author has had 9 papers announced in NEP. These are the fields, ordered by number of announcements, along with their dates. If the author is listed in the directory of specialists for this field, a link is also provided.
NEP-LAB: Labour Economics (5) 2009-01-10 2009-10-03 2011-12-19 2014-08-28 2016-09-11. Author is listed
NEP-URE: Urban & Real Estate Economics (3) 2008-06-07 2015-06-20 2017-07-02
NEP-EDU: Education (2) 2015-06-20 2017-07-02
NEP-HIS: Business, Economic & Financial History (2) 2016-09-11 2019-02-25
NEP-MAC: Macroeconomics (2) 2014-08-28 2019-02-25
NEP-IAS: Insurance Economics (1) 2014-08-28
NEP-LMA: Labor Markets - Supply, Demand, & Wages (1) 2014-08-28
NEP-LTV: Unemployment, Inequality & Poverty (1) 2011-12-19
NEP-PKE: Post Keynesian Economics (1) 2011-12-19
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You are here : India » Uttar Pradesh » Varanasi » Varanasi » Ganeshpur
Ganeshpur Village
Ganeshpur Village, with population of 559 is Varanasi sub district's the 196th least populous village, located in Varanasi sub district of Varanasi district in the state Uttar Pradesh in India. Total geographical area of Ganeshpur village is 1 km2 and it is the 288th biggest village by area in the sub district. Population density of the village is 559 persons per km2.
The village comes under Ganeshpur panchayat. Varanasi is the sub district head quarter and the distance from the village is 10 km. District head quarter of the village is Varanasi which is 20 km away.
The village is home to 559 people, among them 301 (54%) are male and 258 (46%) are female. 96% of the whole population are from general caste, 4% are from schedule caste. Child (aged under 6 years) population of Ganeshpur village is 16%, among them 45% are boys and 55% are girls. There are 93 households in the village and an average 6 persons live in every family.
Caste wise male female population 2011 - Ganeshpur
Population of the village has increased by 27.3% in last 10 years. In 2001 census total population here were 439. Female population growth rate of the village is 32.3% which is 8.9% higher than male population growth rate of 23.4%. General caste population has increased by 22.8% and child population has increased by 7.2% in the village since last census.
Growth of population (percent) 2001 to 2011 - Ganeshpur
23 18 0 0 -18
As of 2011 census there are 857 females per 1000 male in the village. Sex ratio in general caste is 865, in schedule caste is 667. There are 1225 girls under 6 years of age per 1000 boys of the same age in the village. Overall sex ratio in the village has increased by 58 females per 1000 male during the years from 2001 to 2011. Child sex ratio here has increased by 531 girls per 1000 boys during the same time.
Change in sex ratio 2001 to 2011 - Ganeshpur
58 66 667 0 531
857 865 667 0 1,225
Total 334 people in the village are literate, among them 199 are male and 135 are female. Literacy rate (children under 6 are excluded) of Ganeshpur is 71%. 76% of male and 65% of female population are literate here. Overall literacy rate in the village has increased by 13%. Male literacy has gone up by 5% and female literacy rate has gone up by 22%.
Change in literacy rate 2001 to 2011 - Ganeshpur
Ganeshpur has 30% (168) population engaged in either main or marginal works. 47% male and 11% female population are working population. 45% of total male population are main (full time) workers and 1% are marginal (part time) workers. For women 5% of total female population are main and 6% are marginal workers.
Percentage of working population - Ganeshpur
Overview of Ganeshpur Village
Area 1 km2
Panchayat Ganeshpur
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Intellectual Judaism – yes, it is
How to identify yourself as Jewish and to connect intellectually the Torah to modern Judeo-Christian life?
(1) Who might be interested in following this blog ——————
(2) About the author and the blog
(3) Author’s book “The Jews and their role in our world”
Does the Mueller Brigade subvert our Judeo-Christian democracy?
Posted by Vladimir Minkov
I am trying to respond to very important questions related to the Mueller Brigade and the unique democracies in the USA and Israel presented by one of my opponents.
The opponent: “I fail to see similarities between the KGB and Mueller investigation at all. Whatever Mueller and his team come up with will be made public and, if Trump is accused of something, he’ll be able to publicly defend himself with the help of best lawyers money can buy. The KGB operated slightly differently, don’t you think?”
The Mueller Brigade and anything similar to it should not exist in our unique Judeo-Christian (in the USA) and Jewish (in Israel) democracies.
There is only one fundamental principle of any democracy – the ability of county’s population to elect freely the government that defends and protects the traditions (the spirituality) of this population. The elected US government has to legislate to defend and preserve the US Judeo-Christian traditions; the elected Israeli government has to legislate to defend and preserve Israeli Jewish traditions; the elected Russian government has to legislate to defend and preserve the Russian authoritarian traditions.
The country’s population can elect anybody who they believe is the strongest in defending and protecting the country’s traditions. If some population segments do not like the election results, they have to change the results in the next elections. Unfortunately, those unhappy population segments are using the judicial manipulations – through unelected governing forces – to change the election results. Those forces do it with “the best lawyers money can buy” – to overthrow the will of the people expressed in the elections. That is what unites the Mueller brigades with KGB – KGB was suppressing the will of the people by “the GULAG-type punishments” created by the best KGB lawyers rewarded by the government perks.
The opponent: “So you think firing Comey the way Trump did it was a good thing? How so?”
Yes for both – the firing Comey and the way he was fired.
Comey and led by him FBI had become the most effective tool for changing or challenging the election results and it was changing the very essence of our Judeo-Christian democracy, which is based on the will of We the People, not on the will of judicial manipulations. We should remember that FBI was created for finding and persecuting the real criminals – not the political adversaries that FBI had become under Comey’s leadership.
Concerning the way how Comey was fired, you may not like it but the US President as the chief executive of the executive branch of the government has the right to fire anybody in his executive branch.
The opponent: “The reality is that Trump’s current approval/disapproval ratings are now 37/58 %, going down from 40+ approval at the beginning. Very low compared to several of his predecessors over the same period. How is it so?”
I think the answer is obvious. The “Trump’s current approval/disapproval ratings are now 37/58 %, going down from 40+ approval at the beginning” were produced by the same news media outlets which predicted the crushing electoral defeat of Trump.
By now, the true Trump supporters know those news media outlets are collecting the anti-Trump information only. Therefore, the true Trump supporters do not participate in these public opinion polls, and the news media are getting the results they want to have.
From the news media:
FBI agents raided the Virginia home of Paul Manafort, President Trump’s former campaign chairman in late July, taking documents and other materials related to the investigation into Russia’s meddling in the 2016 election.
That is what FBI is going to subvert the will of We the People and American Judeo-Christian democracy.
More than 3,000 people are expected to attend a mass rally on Wednesday night at the Tel Aviv Fairgrounds in support of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu amid his efforts to deal with multiple criminal investigations.
It looks like Israelis are awakening – they are ready to defend – to defend not Netanyahu as a person but rather the Jewish Israeli democracy by defending Netanyahu. It is very similar to what is going on in the USA.
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Tags: Christianity, government, History, Israel, Jews, News media, politics, religion, USA
Regrettably, many Republican Senators are Swamp fellows
President Donald Trump signaled disappointment that the Senate failed to pass an Obamacare repeal, after hours of failed Republican attempts to keep their promise to the American people.
President Trump may be disappointed but he surely understands why five Republican Senators voted against him.
As the latest US elections have demonstrated, the American majority is in the assembly of We the People, for whom the Declaration of Independence which entrusts our life guidance in God (in any His individual representations). However, many Americans are in the Swamp – they are those for whom the Swamp guidance has replaced the God’s guidance. The Republican Senators who are fighting against the Trump agenda are among them.
God’s guidance demands individual responsibility and reliance on our own spiritual and material labors while the Swamp’s guidance (the guidance of Big Government) requires obedience to human authoritative powers playing the role of a god, and reliance on “goodies” given to you for strengthening the power of your human gods (the Swamp).
In the Swamp, we can see representatives of all political, social and religious groups.
Republicans and Democrats, such as Republican Senators McCain, Murkowski and Collins and Democratic Senators such as Schumer, Durbin and Cardin, are in the Swamp. Many Jewish and Christian leaders, such as Reform Jewry Leader Jacobs and president of the Southern Baptists’ Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission Moore, are in the Swamp. Many Conservative and Liberal ideologues are in the Swamp. Why? Because all of them are empowering themselves through the Big Government. They are using the Big Government to promote and legalize their own power.
We the People have our own Judeo-Christian definitions of whom to love and to hate – they the Swamp fellows want these definitions be replaced by their own, which strengthen their own power and destroy our values.
We the People take care of our families and communities following our Judeo-Christian values for good families and communities – they the Swamp fellows want to replace these values by their own and enforce them through the Big Government.
We the People cherish our gender/sexuality/life-value Judeo-Christian traditions – they the Swamp fellows want these traditions be redefined by the Big Government to control our lives.
We the People want to have our health services at our choosing, balancing risks, benefits and cost – they the Swamp fellows are trying to chain us up to their government health system to control us.
We the people believe everybody is created equal “in the image and likeness of God” – the Swamp fellows do not believe in this and therefore impose on us various “affirmative actions” to make us “equal”.
We the People have own Judeo-Christian believes – the Swamp fellows force us to worship the Big Government, which is they.
Retired Marine Gen. John Kelly is a battle-hardened commander who would bring a background of military discipline and order to President Donald Trump’s roiling White House as the new chief of staff.
It looks like President Donald Trump has realized the Swamp fellows in the Republican-dominated Congress are not going to let him “Drain the Swamp” and the role of new Chief of Staff would be to neutralize the Congressional Swamp fellows and advance the We-the-People/Trump’s agenda.
Tags: Bible, Christianity, Family, government, History, Jews, News media, politics, religion, Republicans, social-justice, USA
We are fighting the anti-Semitism the wrong way
I am working on a book (“In intellectual search for spiritual Torah-based union between Jews and Christians”) and I am discussing various ideas I am exploring in the book with my friends and colleagues.
Many my friends and colleagues have expressed their uneasiness with one of the ideas of the book that we can fight successfully anti-Semitism only if we reestablish the spiritual closeness of Jews and Christians. Many of my friends and colleagues are uncomfortable with this idea because of historic Jewish dislike of Christianity as a source of anti-Semitism.
That is true – many Jews consider Christianity as the chief source of anti-Semitism, and I am writing this book precisely to address this dislike.
Every day we the Jews hear something about anti-Semitism in its “normal” everyday actions and its abnormal Holocaust explosion.
We are complaining and we are demanding from the government the laws that punish anti-Semites and Holocaust deniers.
However, these laws are making things worse – they are, in the minds of anti-Semites, the confirmation of the anti-Semites’ belief that the almighty Jews own the governments and the world and through the governments suppress – spiritually and economically – the others.
And we complaining, complaining and complaining … I have complained as well for long time, and, after I had become tired of complaining, I decided to look into the true historic roots of anti-Semitism – beyond believed to be “Christ killers”, “deceivers”, etc. I went back to the Torah, Bible, historic and contemporary Rabbinic and Priestly (Christian) teachings where I found the following.
• The Torah was given by the Almighty Power (whatever it might be) at Mount Sinai to everybody, let me say it again – to everybody, through the Jewish People, with the chief assignment for the Jewish people (the Chosen) to assist the non-Jewish people in transforming their lives from the pagan morals to the Torah-guided morals.
• The Torah guidance implies the transformation path is the spiritual and social competition among various human tribes each of them tailoring the Torah prescripts to their unique life conditions and randomly God-assigned genetic structure. There is no human uniformity in the Torah! Following the Torah guidance, the Jews created Talmud, numerous rabbinic rulings and various spiritual streams (Essenes, Sadducees, Pharisees, Zealots, Nazarenes and other in the biblical past and Orthodox, Reform and Conservative with different sub-streams now). Then, the Jews laid out spiritual foundation for other non-Jewish tribes (Rabbi Joshua who after his death became Jesus Christ), and those non-Jewish tribes created their own Torah interpretations in the New Testaments with their own priestly rulings and spiritual streams (many-many dozens of them).
• At the beginning, the spiritual and social competition was mostly peaceful since people were trying to receive the guidance directly from God with little concern for the actions of the others. At that time, there was no basis for anti-Semitism, and anti-Semitism did not exist in the form as we define it now. Then step-by-step the authoritative humans (rabbis, priests) got into the spiritual picture – since the life was getting more sophisticated and complex. Those authoritative humans were needed for Torah-guidance tailoring and interpretation. And with the authoritative humans as Torah-guidance tailors and interpreters, the foundation for anti-Semitism was developed.
• The authoritative rabbis and priests in their administrative power (this power has nothing to do with the true spiritual power) began solidifying and strengthening their own administrative power, and they did it by following the ancient technique of “divide and conquer”. Those rabbis and the priests for the last two millenniums constructed an image of mortal enemy of each other betraying the God’s unifying Torah/Bible guidance.
• For the last three centuries with the formation, slowly step-by-step, the Western Judeo-Christian civilization, Jewish-Christian hostility has been reduced, and reduced sharply, in both Jewish and Christian camps, and the opportunity for finding the spiritual Torah-based unity between Jews and Christians, and therefore for reducing the anti-Semitism, has been created.
That is why I believe the reestablishing of Torah/Bible-guided spiritual unity between the Jews and the Christians is the key in fighting the anti-Semitism.
Tags: anti-Semitism, Christianity, God, History, Jews, religion, theology, USA
That is not the Western Wall crisis – that is a crisis of Jewish identity
Instead of the promised visible and permanent pluralistic prayer pavilion under their control at Jerusalem’s Western Wall — passed as a government decision in January 2016 — non-Orthodox Jewry is again to be shunted to second-class prayer status on a slim platform in the corner of an archaeological park creating a Western Wall crisis.
However, that is not a Western Wall crisis – it is much worse, it is a crisis of Jewish identity. This crisis relates to the Jewish identity in the following way.
The Jews are identified collectively and individually but the Western wall is a place where God identifies a Jew (or a Christian) individually
Leaders of Reform and Conservative Jewry should know and no doubt, they know that the Western Wall is place for individuals spiritually connecting themselves with God. All individuals are welcome, and they may be orthodox, non-orthodox and atheist Jews or even non-Jews. Nothing what might be a distraction for individuals trying to connect themselves to God is welcome. Collective events and presence of the opposite sex are natural distractions.
The individual mono-sexual Jewish prayers at the Western Wall are part of the Jewish identity. However, the leaders of Reform and Conservative Jewry demand precisely the collective prayers with both sexes present – that is their political identity, not the Jewish identity.
The identity of Israeli Jews is different from the identity of American Jews and it is frequently misunderstood
It looks like leaders of Reform and Conservative Jewry have a vision of Israel as a Little America with the Western Wall. As an American globalist-kind political vision, it might be a good one but it is wrong from the viewpoint of Jewish identity. The Torah-guided Jewish identity should differentiate between the Jewish ways of life in the Promised Land, the State of Israel, and in the “diaspora”.
In the State of Israel, where the Jews are governing majority, it is up to them to tailor the Torah guidance to their multiple visions of fair and honest society – from ultra-orthodox to atheistic.
In the USA, where the Christianity-minded people are governing majority, the Jewish spiritual obligation is to support the Christian understanding of the Torah-guided fair and honest society – not to fight against it as is often observed, assuming that the Christian understanding is in the framework of commonly acknowledged Judeo-Christian Torah-based morality.
The Israeli citizenship and the Jewish identity are two different things
A dangerous cold civil war currently in play in the USA is a result of neglecting the difference between US citizenship and US identity.
The US identity was defined by the Declaration of Independence. This document explicitly states that the God revealed in nature is the giver of a moral law between peoples. This document gives God the ultimate moral authority making the deity the clear source of morality. This Judeo-Christian morality was given by God in the Torah on Mount Sinai and tailored for the Christians in the New Testament.
At the beginning, when the US immigrants were receiving US citizenship, it was understood they were going to have their public social and political life in agreement with the Judeo-Christian morality of the country.
For the last half-century, the US citizenship has been disconnected – step-by-step – from the US “inauguration” Judeo-Christian identity. Nowadays the US immigration policy is based on many different things such as social justice, human rights, fighting inequality, religious persecution, LGBT status … but not on the honest desire to follow the Judeo-Christian morality. The result: a dangerous cold civil war currently in play in the USA. Something similar is going on in Europe as well.
Israel is not immune from this destructive political process. That is why Israeli government has to provide Israeli citizenship only to those Jews and non-Jews who agree to live along the lines of Israeli Jewish morality – to be defined with participation of Orthodox community but not exclusively by it.
Tags: Christianity, Family, God, History, immigration, politics, religion, USA
Jews are changing by “God’s design”, not disappearing as some rabbis proclaim
Your assessment of the future of American and Israeli Jewry depends on how you define the Jewish identity.
If you define it, as traditional rabbis are doing, by being born to a sort of halakhic Jewish family, the future is bleak. Indeed, the Jewish majority in America and Israel is increasingly being born to non-halakhic Jewish families.
However if you define it, as the Jewish majority is doing, by the results of a sort of Jewish genetic urge for intuitive Torah-guided actions aimed at making our world a much better place for everybody, the future is great. Indeed, our world is getting better through scientific discoveries, social progresses, economic innovations and technology advances, and Jewish people are the leaders here.
The assessment of Rabbi Efrem Goldberg of AISH community is bleak since he, like all traditional rabbis, defines Jewishness by being born to a “pure” Jewish family. He says: (http://www.aish.com/jw/s/American-Jewry-is-Disappearing.html?s=mm)
The recent Jewish People Policy Institute study found that outside of Orthodoxy, fewer Jews are getting married, those marrying are marrying later and having fewer children and intermarriage rates are increasing. The combination of these three factors raises the daunting question of the future of American non-Orthodox Jews. Among all non-Orthodox Jews in the 25-54 age group, just 15% are married to a Jewish spouse and have Jewish children. Intermarriage rates increase the younger the generation. Among those aged 40-44, 60% are intermarried. Among those aged 35-39, it is 73%, and 75% of those aged 30-34 have a non-Jewish spouse.
The assessment of Michael Steinhardt of The Steinhardt Foundation for Jewish Life is very much optimistic since, like a good Jewish intellectual, he defines Jewishness by Jewish actions. He says:
(http://www.jta.org/2017/06/09/news-opinion/united-states/michael-steinhardt-thinks-american-jews-need-to-stop-focusing-on-religio)
The last 300 years is the most enlightened — it is when Jews really shined. I would use the word superior, except people blanch when I use that word. But it’s really what I mean: Jews have accomplished so much, so inexplicably out of proportion to their numbers, in these 300 years, and it’s one of the great failures of Jewish education that that’s not focused on at all. The modern state of Israel is the Jewish miracle of the 20th century, but it’s the secular part of Israel that’s the miracle. It’s the extraordinary achievement, it’s the technology, the military, the development of a society out of nothing using Zionist ideals, taking people from terrible places and making them Israeli citizens. Israel has become, for me, the substitute for religion.
It looks like the non-halakhic majority of American Jewry is on the side of Michael Steinhardt, not on the site of Rabbi Efrem Goldberg. They are sure they are not disappearing – they are changing, flourishing, and advancing the better world for everybody. They are preserving their historic greatness.
However, many in the non-halakhic Jewish majority may disagree with Michael Steinhardt on the fundamental question of the source of Jewish historic greatness. It looks like Michael Steinhardt believes this source is the God/Torah-empty atheism. However, it is strongly believed the source is the in-build God/Torah-based guidance. This guidance is transferred from generation to generation genetically and educationally. Some Jews acknowledge it openly, and those Jews are called religious; the rabbis and synagogues guide them. However, many Jews prefer not to have rabbis and synagogues approving their actions – these are called atheists.
Many intellectual Jews are dreaming to see a friendly spiritual discussion between Rabbi Efrem Goldberg and philanthropist Michael Steinhardt with the sole purpose to find a common Jewish spiritual platform on the Jewish identity and Torah-guided actions in our Judeo-Christian civilization. The following two questions may be addressed at the discussion:
If so many Jews were not asking the rabbis for their advice, why the rabbis who are concerned with the future of Jewish Nation would not approach the Jews who call themselves atheists or non-religious with a convincing Jewish history-based message that says:
We the Jews have been successful because we have in-build spiritual GPS guiding us along the Jewish spiritual values received from our Jewish families and communities – with the help of rabbis and synagogues, if such help is needed, or without such help for those who feel they already know how to do it.
If intermarriage is a contemporary Jewish trend, why the rabbis who are concerned with the future of Jewish Nation would not approach the Jews who decided to intermarry with a convincing Torah-guided message that says:
Your families can be much stronger and purposeful if your families live along the lines of Jewish Torah-guided traditions and we the rabbis are happy to help you.
Tags: Atheism, Christianity, Family, God, History, Jews, politics, religion, USA
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Qlassic Qliches: The “Unexpectedly Hit By a Bus” Scene
How’s my driving?
Has there ever been a horror movie named after some sinister-sounding street? I mean, yeah, Nightmare on Elm Street, but I’m just talking about the street name being just the title. Something like Shadow Street, or Destiny Street, or at least Premonition Street, the name doesn’t really matter, as long as it’s both foreboding and highly improbably. The point is, it would have the following, Don LaFontaine-voiced tagline, which would play in every single one of the previews:
“Look both ways before you cross…PREMONITION STREET.”
In recent years, half-heartedly crossing the street has become one of the deadliest pastimes in all of pop culture. If you’re willing to believe the last decade’s worth of movies and TV, bus drivers are reckless, blood-thirsty assholes, not nearly as concerned with public trasnportation as they are with steamrolling any sap unlucky enough to get into an intense argument while very slowly crossing the street. It’s always a classy manouever, guaranteed to electrify audiences, and most of the time, good for a few minutes of quality chrotling. The best, and to my knowledge, pretty much the only examples:
Zeljko Ivanek in LOST: Classic That Guy Zeljko Ivanek (one of the Drazen Bros. in 24, the DA in Homicide, some guy in Swordfish) only lasts one episode in his LOST guest stint as Juliet’s jerko ex-husband. After Juliet semi-seriously proposes that the only way she’ll be released from her current job is if ex-hubby, her boss, “gets hit by a bus”. They have an argument outside the lab, and wouldn’t you know it, Ivanek takes a couple wrong steps into the street, and KABLOUEE. LOST is exactly the show that should be using the Unexpectedly Hit By a Bus deus ex machina, though, so it comes off looking a little less ridiculous than some of the other examples, but still, you’d think a couple of super-genius doctor types would know about the dangers of middle-of-the-road passive-agression.
Rachel McAdams in Mean Girls: “Do you know what everyone says about you? They say you’re a home-schooled JUNGLE FREAK, who’s a less-hot version OF ME! Yeah. So don’t try to act so innocent! You can take that apology, and SHOVE IT UP YOUR–” Smack. This is by far the most surprising of the UHBAB scenes, because even though the set-up is beyond perfect (Regina, McAdams’ character, even does the slowly walking back across the street after intiially storming it in anger), who could’ve seen such a violent and horrific scene coming out of fucking Mean Girls? Not to mention that it implies the sudden death of one of the movie’s main characters (and I think Cady, Lohan’s character, even states it), seemingly well before the movie’s resolution. Of course, it turns out to be a fakeout–the death, not the bus crash, which leaves her badly injured but somehow fails to finish the job (despite the fact that the bus seems to really be rampaging down the parking lot, for some reason).
Some Crazy Chick in Nip/Tuck: This was the first of these that I was easily able to predict. Sean had a one-night stand with a prospective nanny, who, unlike all the other totally sane and easily rationalized with female characters on Nip/Tuck, turned out to be a total nutjob, threatening to tell the cops, as well as wife Julia, that he raped her. But, just before she’s about to shout this to the world, guess who decides to have an argument in the hospital parking lost. This one was by far the most predictable–since I’d had the other ones under my belt, once she does the slowly-walk-back-across-the-street, it was pretty obvious that Sean’s problems were gonna be over in a few seconds. One of the most necessary for the sake of getting the character out of the way, though–one thing Nip / Tuck will never have a dearth of is scorned ex-girlfriends wanting to start shit.
Some Self-Righteous Chick in Final Destination. You could call this, with fair accuracy, the Citizen Kane of Unexpectedly Hit By a Bus scenes. One of the survivors of Flight 180, girlfriend of the even more self-righteous dick character played by Dawson’s Creek‘s Kerr Smith, decides she’s not gonna let this curse ruin her life, and if they want to spent the rest of their existences arguing and fighting with each other, well, they can just drop fucking dead. Death/fate/the universe (who was the villian in Final Destination, exactly?) disagrees, however, in the form of a not-braking-for-animals-or-dumb-blondes bus. The first time I watched it with my friends (on Halloween night–hey, we didn’t know it was gonna be one of those movies), we must’ve rewound the thing a dozen times, played it in slow motion, analyzed every aspect of the editing and mise en scene. I could’ve sworn at one point I saw feathers fly out when SRC got hit. It was the first major example of its kind (there’s one in Felicity, but since Russell sees the bus coming before it hits the guy, it doesn’t have nearly the same impact), and no other would or will ever match it for shock value and closeness to legit ROFLMAO status.
This entry was posted on October 17, 2007 at 11:30 pm and is filed under Qlassic Qliches. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
13 Responses to “Qlassic Qliches: The “Unexpectedly Hit By a Bus” Scene”
Scott said
That gif gets funnier and funnier every time I watch it.
What’s the fifth bus-impact clip from, though?
Andrew Unterberger said
the last one is the Felicity one.
And yeah, I can’t believe someone else thought to make that .gif. Pretty awesome.
Tony said
never laughed harder at a gif, yeah
cerebralcaustic said
I believe there was one in Angel too. They were fighting some monster and one of the characters hit it with a bus. It was the same setup though, fight fight fight, then out of nowhere BAM.
Anton said
I know it wasn’t a bus, but I still feel that some mention is deserved by Meet Joe Black. Totally unexpected.
2 x Van = 1 x Bus
I actually did consider putting in Meet Joe Black as a sort of honorary precursor. It’s like the MC5 of the UHBAB scene.
steve k said
Brad Pitt getting hit by the bus in Meet Joe Black was the best part of that movie…
Dina said
You know whats weird? In every one of the scenes, the bus is traveling across the screen left to right. Why is that? Like it somewhat more plausible that these people walk slowly across streets without seeing the bus approaching, but there’s no way they’d make it across a lane of traffic before getting hit.
I think it’s because in America, we drive on the right.
Haley said
I know that she wasn’t hit by a bus, but when the mom in Identity gets smacked by a car on the side of the road, that totally freaked me out. Anybody else?
Movie 22: Ghost Town | This is Epth Nation 2.6 said
[…] the most meomorable of the recent rash of “Unexpectedly hit by a bus scenes” (or, as some are calling them, UHBAB scenes). In looking at that link, I totally had forgotten that it also happened to […]
KW here said
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« Hitting the TV Jackpot: Powerpuff Girls Marathon on Cartoon Network
One Year, 100 Pop Cultures: #40 – 31 »
One Year, 100 Pop Cultures: #50 – 41
Posted by Andrew Unterberger on January 21, 2009
You know we couldn’t let 2008 pass here at IITS without some sort of commemorative list, and over the next few weeks, we’ll be counting down the 100 people, places and things that made pop culture an inhabitable space over the last 365 days. Music, movies, TV, commercials, sports, previews, internets, current events…anything and everything that made the year what it was. Ten at a time for as long as it takes, and hopefully we can move into an ‘09 mindstate by Groundhog Day at the latest.
OK, so maybe the record didn’t mean all that much—statistically speaking, Francisco Rodriguez didn’t even have one of his best years on the mound, and lord knows Bobby Thigpen’s historic season didn’t exactly usher in an oncoming period of dominance for him. Still, K-Rod’s quest for glory with the all-time single-season saves record made for one of the more intriguing subplots of this MLB season, especially for those of us still up and looking for something exciting to watch at 1:00 AM on the East Coast. His fast-motion windup, sprawling delivery, and nutso post-save exhortations have never been anything short of riveting, and with the shining beacon of 57 (also his jersey number, as fate would have it) pointing the way, he became more exciting than ever. Best closer in the game? Probably not. Most entertaining? Undoubtedly. (Copied from my Sports4President.com blurb).
I’m done fighting it. Through my high school years I would have sworn to you that Coldplay were the definition of all that was evil in rock music–derivative, passionless hacks that stole the tunes and credit of bands that were far more deserving to be as globe-conquering as they would soon become. But gradually, more and more of their songs came to be undeniable to me–first the smothering mountaintop-majesty of “Yellow,” then the creepingly solemn singalong of “The Scientist,” and the shimmering immaculateness of “Talk,” until eventually I had to begrudgingly admit that Coldplay was not entirely worthless. And while there are still a number of piddlingly mediocre songs I’ll (hopefully) never bow to (“Trouble,” “In My Place,” the deplorable “Fix You”), Coldplay hit me with four more good ‘uns in ’08 (“Viva La Vida,” “Lost!,” “Violet Hill” and “Lovers of Japan”)–the biggest of which (the iPod-endorsed #1 hit “Vida”) arguably being the worst of the bunch. It’ll be extremely interesting to me to see whether time treats Coldplay as the decade’s U2 or merely its Tears for Fears, but at least now I won’t cry bloody murder at them being compared to either.
42 times–I counted. That’s how often the word “womanizer” is mentioned throughout the course of Britney Spears’s #1 hit of the same name (her first since “Baby One More Time,” if you can believe it), even though it feels like that number should be at least twice as high. Brit taught us all a valuable lesson about the power of repetition this year, drilling the song’s (admittedly ridiculous) point home with the brute force of a jackhammer, and giving us no choice but to listen up. And even though that Schaeffel-ish beat was used in 2008 by everybody from Katy Perry to Fall Out Boy, nobody used it quite as bluntly as producers The Oustyders, who surrounded it with enough zooming synths, disorienting vocal filters and blaring alarm sounds to make the song the aural equivalent of biting into a Guatemalan insanity pepper. Throw in the fact that she looked as good in the video as she has since maybe her “Sometimes” period–with a healthy dose of sidal nudity to boot–and it’d be one of the all-time great comeback singles if she hadn’t fucked it up by trying it with “Gimme More” two years earlier, with significantly lesser/skankier results.
I’m sorry, but doesn’t Sean Penn have an Oscar already? Of course, the win, for 2002’s laughably overrated Mystic River, was a highly undeserved one, but he still came down with the statue, no? Well, I guess he must have lost it, or swapped it for Dodgers NLCS tickets or something, because his performance as Harvey Milk in Milk is quite possibly the most Oscar-baiting performance in history. Run down the checklist with me:
Real life figure (+5 AA points)
Story relevant to today (+2 AA points)
Weird hair style (+3 AA points)
Uncharacteristic voice/accent (+3 AA points)
Gives a whole bunch of dramatic speeches (+5 AA points)
Cries (+2 AA points)
Plays heavily against type (+10 AA points)
Dies at the end (+4 AA points)
Didn’t gain or lose any significant amount of weight (-25 AA points)
OK, well, ignoring that last one anyway, the performance is nothing less than a firm elbow to the nose of Academy voters, a positive force of nature guaranteed to net some Oscar hardware. And yet, unlike 95% of performances that fit these qualifications, Penn doesn’t suck. As a matter of fact, he’s absolutely perfect–a compelling, delightful, complicated and solidly inspirational performance, one that carries the movie’s occasional cringeworthiness and relatively weak supporting cast like LeBron James carried the ’07 Cavaliers. If he doesn’t come away with his second statue, it’ll only be because–as Bill Simmons and Cousin Sal noted in their latest podcast (see: #89)–he’ll be going against two similarly Academy-titillating performances, one of which is still to come on this list…
Anybody else starting to feel old? The first time it really dawned on me that I wasn’t going to be a part of youth culture forever was when High School Musical somehow became one of the biggest phenomenons of the entire decade without me having any clue what the fuck it was. And now, with the ascent of the Jonas Brothers and Miley Cyrus to the highest levels of the pop stratosphere, I really had no choice but to throw up my hands, buy a couple sweaters and start practicing my “Kids these days…” muttering. Helping me to get over the transition period, however, is the fact that in 2008, Miley, the Jonases and various other teens in their orbit were responsible for some of the most irresistible pop singles of the year. The Jonases came through with both the sticky-sweet “Lovebug” and the Maroon Five-aping “Burning Up” (even though the latter raises obvious questions about what kind of torture the subject of the song must be causing the Promise Ring-wearers), while Miley upped the ante with chart-burner “See You Again” and the surprisingly mature (and Natalie Imbruglia-esque) “7 Things”. Best of all, though, might’ve been Metro Station (who met on the set of Hannah Montana), pitching in with the instant slumber party anthem “Shake It” and the “Ocean Avenue” of 2008, “Seventeen Forever.” Hey, the kids might be all right after all.
In the first round of the 2008 NBA playoffs, the Dallas Mavericks were crushed by the New Orleans Hornets in five extremely unexciting games. And that’s when Josh Howard’s season really began. Midway through their playoff trouncing, Howard admitted on radio to being a pot smoker, a somewhat unsolicited confession that nonetheless drew more attention than he had for his entire underwhelming regular season. As the buzz (sic) from that died down in the off-season, Howard got busted for attempting 3 Fast 3 Furious in a 95 mph race on the mean streets of Winston-Salem. And for his final act of the summer, he was caught on a YouTube video refusing to sing the Star Spangled Banner, offering the immortal explanation, “I don’t even celebrate that shit. I’m black. Obama. Obama all that shit.” When the regular season finally rolled around again, Howard scored 15 points in the first quarter of their home debut, as if to say, “That’s right, motherfuckers–I still play basketball, too.” Sidelined recently with a sprained ankle, we can only hope he’s spending his time on the bench plotting his future extracurricular activities—next time, I’m guessing cow tipping is gonna be somehow involved. (Copied from my Sports4President blurb).
If we’re lucky, every year has one song that’s so unexpectedly good that you can’t help hesitating to admit it to yourself or anyone else. Given how Panic! At the Disco had broken through just a few years earlier on what is a surefire lock for the Ten Worst Singles of the Decade, and given how I had spent much time around then badmouthing them for doing so, I was a bit reluctant to give myself over to the joys of their neo-psych-pop mini-gem “Nine in the Afternoon,” until I talked about it with my friends and realized that they all quietly felt as confused and conflicted as I did. Of course, once the song showed up on Rock Band 2, it was a done deal–the song was officially the perkiest, most unrestrainedly joyous rock song of 2008 (even though the sudden shifts in time-signature make it a bitch to sing). And as if the song itself wasn’t enough, “Nine in the Afternoon” also performed the double duty of completely failing to cross over to the pop charts–the kids, they care not for the Zombies–dooming the band to what seems rather likely to be eventual one-hit wonder status, which seems only fair as retribution considering their past crimes against humanity. Goody goody gumdrops.
You gotta give it up for NBC–they really threw their weight behind My Own Worst Enemy, shilling for it with endless promo spots during their Olympics coverage, alongside ads for the ill-fated and downright despicable Kath & Kim. While it continues to amaze me that a network can so unreservedly give their support to a show that no human being could possibly take seriously (could they?) I’m certainly not complaining–these commercials promised My Own Worst Enemy to be an easy contender for Biggest Flop in TV History. I mean, c’mon–the symbolism the light and dark wardrobes, the unbelievably hokey narration (“Meet Edward…“), the fact that it starred CHRISTIAN FUCKING SLATER, or the fact that CHRISTIAN FUCKING SLATER WAS WALKING AWAY FROM A FUCKING BUILDING AS IT FUCKING EXPLODED. I was counting the days until the premiere, even considering Liveblogging it here on IITS. Then it somehow scored a 61 on Metacritic (A 61? Really?) and I completely lost interest. If you’ve ever seen an episode, let me know if it turned out, because I don’t think I could stand the heartbreak if I watched it and it ended up being decent.
The scary thing is that 2008 could probably be considered a down year for Kanye. He didn’t have any chart-topping singles, he didn’t make any bold pronouncements about himself or the future music (or both), he didn’t even piss anybody off on live TV. Still, even in a phone-in year, he managed to guest star on three top twenty hits (a couple of which you’ll hear from later on), perform the closing number at the VMAs, fuck up a paparazzi, start work on his own clothing line, and put together the package tour of the summer. Oh yeah, there was also 808s and Heartbreaks, an album which, while heavily flawed, showed how like Prince or Stevie Wonder before him, Kanye could always spread enough brilliance over his more experimental albums to make the cringeworthy moments bearable. “Love Lockdown” was great and all–unlike “Stronger,” it got better with repeated listens–but the real prize on the album is “Paranoid,” which is probably the most stunning thing that I heard in 2008 (and could very well be showing up on this thing next year if it blows up like it should).
Those four words: “Foreword by Gilbert Arenas”–were more or less guaranteed to make this any fan of sports and crackpot sociology’s obligatory Holiday stocking stuffer. But Agent Zero’s intro–in which he unashamedly cops to creating his around-the-back pre-free throw ritual so kids would copy him on the playground like they copied Rip Hamilton’s cross-dribble–was just one of of the many pleasures to be found in this tome, the hard cover debut of oft-inspired b-ball bloggers Free Darko. The book features bursting-off-the-page graphics illustrating how Rasheed Wallace plays better after getting a technical foul and diagramming the myriad meanings of Amar’e Stoudemire’s dozens of tattoos, which split page space with delicate prose poring over the grand significance of Kevin Garnett phasing out his low-post game in favor of the fadeaway jumper or what Tracy McGrady’s reliance on a good night’s sleep has to do with his inability to get out of the first round of the playoffs. Occasionally it stretches it a bit–I dunno if Ron Artest’s mood swings can really be tied to the waxing and waning of the moon, or if Gerald Wallace and Leandro Barbosa really deserve entire chapters devoted to them–but any book that features chapters called “Tim Duncan: American Gothic” and “LeBron James: Inland Empire,” as well as a player-by-player breakdown of the atrocity exhibition that was the 2000 NBA Draft, is guaranteed to be essential reading.
This entry was posted on January 21, 2009 at 3:31 am and is filed under One Year 100 Pop Cultures. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
2 Responses to “One Year, 100 Pop Cultures: #50 – 41”
Dan said
Don’t hate on Barbosa and Wallace, who are two of the most exciting, if inconsistent, players in today’s game. I once saw Wallace explode for 36 points, 16 Rebounds, 8 Assists, 4 Blocks and 4 Steals and I saw Barbosa go 10-10 from 3 in a game.
Chris Argento said
“My Own Worst Enemy” was actually a pretty decent show. I think I watched the first three or four episodes before the cancellation rumors started and I just let any other new eps sit on my DVR until I found out the fate of the show and whether it was worth my time to continue watching or if the show was doomed. The pilot actually did a really good job of setting up the concept of the show. Slater fucking KILLED in the role, bringing his late 80’s A game. And having James Cromwell as the antagonistic boss who you can see either becoming a trusted confidant later on (kind of a Tony Almeida shift) or a bad ass super villain (Rifkin in “Alias” comes to mind) is never a bad thing. Now the show wasn’t perfect by any means. The “twists” were obvious. The timing of his personality switches are SO convenient sometimes, and this premise really couldn’t last any longer than 1 or 2 seasons before something paradigm shifting would have to happen (again, like “Alias” in its second season with the post-Super Bowl episode where they changed the whole concept of the show). This is just a long-winded way of saying that if you have a lazy weekend day to kill, you could do much worse than watching the half-dozen or so episodes of “MOWE” and watching Slater absolutely killing it for once.
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Search Lansing Community College
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Home / Admission / Early College @ LCC / About Us
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Steve Rosales
Director of The Early College
Dr. Steve Rosales was born and raised in Brownsville, Texas. He attended Texas A & M University in College Station where he received a Bachelor of Arts in History with a minor in Mathematics. He began his teaching career in 1991 at Simón Rivera High School teaching U.S. History, Algebra I, Geometry and Pre-Calculus. He received his Master of Education in Educational Administration from the University of Texas at Brownsville. In 2005, he received his doctorate from the University of Houston in Curriculum and Instruction.
Much of Dr. Rosales’ work has been in promoting a college going culture in the school districts and finding ways to remove barriers that prevent Latino students from receiving a post-secondary credential.
Peter Lincolnhol
Lead Support
Mr. Lincolnhol will be assisting with all of our logistics, data management and scheduling. If you have questions about the campus or procedures he is the go to person. Mr. Lincolnhol is a graduate of Lansing Community College and has a B.A. in Management from Northwood University and has been working in various positions at LCC for over 20 years. He looks forward to helping everyone involved in the program succeed.
Anthony Greenburg
Mr. Greenburg has taught both Advanced Placement English and English for the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program at Eastern High School. Certified to teach English, History, and Anthropology, he holds a B.A. from the University of Michigan in Cultural Anthropology and an M.A. in Secondary Education from Aquinas College. In 2007 he earned his National Board Certification English Language Arts: Adolescence and Young Adulthood. He believes that STEM at the TEC will guide many of our thoughts and actions and will serve as the motivation for many of our students.
Page Smith
Mrs. Smith comes to us from Lansing Eastern High School where she was department chair. Ms. Smith also has a counseling degree and will be teaching College prep math. Mrs. Smith holds degrees from Hillsdale College and Spring Arbor University. For Mrs. Smith, STEM means a focus on curriculum areas that incorporate more projects into the learning. It will offer opportunities for students to explore these areas and see if they would like to have further experiences in these areas.
Matthew Boeve
This is Mr. Boeve’s eighth year as an instructor of high school-aged students. He has taught at various places which include Lowell Area Schools, Countryside Academy in Benton Harbor, Marshall Academy, and this is his second year at The Early College. He holds a B.A. from the University of Michigan with majors in Social Studies and History and is currently 3 credits short of earning his M.A. in Instruction and Curriculum from Grand Valley State University. He loves teaching social studies because of all the real world applications. "Social Studies is a subject that is alive because history, political decisions, and current events are being made every day. I love having students make those real world connections in order to see that social studies really is worth studying and does have application to their lives."
David McCreight
David McCreight is a graduate of Lansing Community College with an Emergency Medical Technician Certificate and Chemistry Associate Degree, Bachelor of Science from Michigan Technological University, Masters of Science Degree from Michigan State University. He has taught Computers, Mathematics, Conceptual Physics, AP Physics B, and Biology in the Lansing School District. He is also an Adjunct Assistant Professor at Lansing Community College teaching Physics. He is a Program Coordinator in the Physics of Atomic Nuclei (Summer Science Program for High School Teachers and Students) at Michigan State University. Currently, he is an Assistant Professor in the Early College as a science instructor.
Mackinaw Building Room 214
430 N. Capitol
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Mary Kay and Johnny is the first situation comedy broadcast on network television in the United States, was the first television program to show a couple sharing a bed, and was the first television series to show a woman's pregnancy on television.
Network runs
Mary Kay and Johnny debuted on the DuMont Television Network on Tuesday, November 18, 1947. The 15-minute-long weekly sitcom starred real-life married couple Mary Kay Stearns and Johnny Stearns. The Stearnses created and wrote all the scripts for the show. The program was broadcast live, most of the action taking place on a set representing the New York City apartment of the title characters, a young married couple. After a year on DuMont, the show moved to CBS for half a year, much of the time being broadcast every weeknight, and then ran for one more year each Saturday night on NBC, which broadcast the final episode on March 11, 1950.
In 1948, Mary Kay became pregnant in real-life. After unsuccessfully trying to hide it, the show's producers wrote her pregnancy into the show. On December 31, 1948, the Stearnses' son Christopher, less than one month old, appeared on the show and became a character.
Lost episodes
Before 1948, Mary Kay and Johnny was broadcast live and not recorded. In early 1948, still broadcast live, the show was also recorded on kinescopes so that it could be shown, with some delay, on the West Coast. The entire series from then until 1950 was recorded in this way. Many episodes survived in full as late as 1975.
The fate of the NBC episodes is unknown. Fragments of the show's last few episodes survive, most on 16-mm film; these are not commercially available, though TV Land used a clip in an episode of Inside TV Land called "Taboo TV".[citation needed]
The Paley Center for Media has one 1949 episode in its collection.
Johnny Stearns on writing the first script and dressing the set for Mary Kay and Johnny
Garry Simpson on directing Mary Kay and Johnny
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on using their real identities on Mary Kay and Johnny; on not wanting celebrity
Delbert Mann on being floor manager and directing Mary Kay and Johnny
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on story ideas for Mary Kay and Johnny
Delbert Mann
Alan Neuman
Alan Neuman on directing Mary Kay and Johnny and Lights Out
Garry Simpson
Johnny Stearns
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on how Mary Kay and Johnny (one of TV's earliest sitcoms) came about
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on rehearsal and production of the first episode of Mary Kay and Johnny
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on getting a contract to continue Mary Kay and Johnny beyond one episode
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on writing Mary Kay's pregnancy into Mary Kay and Johnny
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on the half-hour NBC version of Mary Kay and Johnny and the birth of their son
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on a typical production week on Mary Kay and Johnny
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on the half-hour NBC version of Mary Kay and Johnny and temporarily filling the time slot for Kukla, Fran and Ollie
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on moving their show from Dumont to NBC, to CBS, and back to NBC; on having a fallout with the sponsor
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on the format, premise, and characters of Mary Kay and Johnny
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on the comedy of Mary Kay and Johnny
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on production of Mary Kay and Johnny at NBC
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on the challenges of acting in live television; on sets and locations on Mary Kay and Johnny
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on the directors and floor managers of Mary Kay and Johnny
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on their infant son appearing on Mary Kay and Johnny
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on getting recognized from Mary Kay and Johnny
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on incorporating Mary Kay's pregnancy into Mary Kay and Johnny; on what they could and couldn't say on the show
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on the laughter heard on Mary Kay and Johnny coming from the crew
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on kinescopes of Mary Kay and Johnny
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on the physical comedy and type of humor on Mary Kay and Johnny
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on rehearsals and improvisation on Mary Kay and Johnny
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on their show being on television at the birth of the medium, and experiencing the growth of the industry
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on Mary Kay and Johnny moving to CBS and then returning to NBC
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on similarities between Mary Kay and Johnny and later sitcoms
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on why Mary Kay and Johnny went off the air
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on problems getting writers for Mary Kay and Johnny
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on NBC's reaction to Mary Kay and Johnny wanting to end Mary Kay and Johnny
Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns on problems with studio space on Mary Kay and Johnny
Johnny Stearns on writing comedy and eventually writing for Mary Kay and Johnny
Johnny Stearns on how Mary Kay and Johnny reflected the era in which it was made; on how it was made
Mary Kay Stearns
Mary Kay Stearns on the challenges of playing a character based on herself on Mary Kay and Johnny
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You are here: Home › UDRP Commentaries › Uniform Domain Name Resolution Policy › Descriptive Phrase, Confusing Similarity Between Trademark and Domain Name
Descriptive Phrase, Confusing Similarity Between Trademark and Domain Name
Confusion appears twice in the Policy: “confusing similarity” in paragraph 4(a)(i) and “likelihood of confusion” in paragraph 4(b)(iv). A domain name may be similar and confusing from the standpoint of an ordinary observer, but that is only relevant for standing. However, the higher probability that there is a likelihood of confusion may never be reached because when the respondent is found to have a right or legitimate interest in the domain name it follows that it registered the domain name in good faith. This can come about because the trademark and domain name are both descriptive of the parties’ services. Austin Area Birthing Center, Inc. v. CentreVida Birth and Wellness Center c/o Faith Beltz and Family-Centered Midwifery c/o June Lamphier, FA0911001295573 (Nat. Arb. Forum January 20, 2010) in which both parties are in the same business.
There is no prohibition against registering a domain name that describes the Respondent’s business, even if the similarity in identifying itself is confusing. This was seen also in Kim Laube & Company Inc. v. RareNames, WebReg, FA0910001291282 (Nat. Arb. Forum December 22, 2009) (<natureschoice.com> and <natures-choice.com>), despite NATURE’S CHOICE being a registered trademark. To “become distinctive as an indication of a single source [it must] not [be] simply viewed by the public as a description applicable to the goods or services from various sources,” Lincolns of Distinction Car Club, Inc. v. Joseph Detomaso, FA 538014 (Nat. Arb. Forum September 24, 2005).
The Complainant in Austin Area Birthing argued that it had an unregistered trademark in AUSTIN AREA BIRTHING CENTER and that the Respondent’s <austinbirthcenter.com> was piggybacking on its reputation. However, “[a]s the Respondent correctly asserts, the disputed domain names contain descriptive terms regarding its midwifery and birth center services in the Austin geographical area. These are perfectly legitimate business activities. Consequently, the Panel finds that the Respondent and the registrant of the second domain name are using the disputed domain names in connection with a bona fide offering of goods or services under Policy ¶ 4(c)(i).” It is not uncommon that multiple purveyors of goods and services choose a descriptive phrase – generally not even registrable as a trademark – to represent themselves to the public.
However, the Policy was not intended to give to the first in the marketplace the power to prevent competitors from describing their services in language similar to the complainant’s trademark. “It must not be forgotten that domain name registration is basically a ‘first come, first served’ process and that the purpose of the Policy is not to adjudicate between parties who have some legitimate interest in using a particular domain name.” A frequently cited federal case, Entrepreneur Media, Inc. v. Smith, 279 F.3d 1135, 1147 (9th Cir. 2002) holds that “[s]imilarity of marks or lack thereof are context-specific concepts. In the Internet context, consumers are aware that domain names for different Web sites are quite often similar, because of the need for language economy, and that very small differences matter.”
In Austin Area Birthing, the Respondent submitted sufficient evidence to prove that she had a meritorious defense under paragraph 4(c)(i) of the Policy. In so far as creating a full record, it is the obverse of the facts in Fashion Career Center, LLC v. Resume Pro Writers Guild c/o Michael Hunt and Mercado, FA0912001296574 (Nat. Arb. Forum January 20, 2010) which will be discussed in tomorrow’s Note.
Levine Samuel, LLP. <researchtheworld.com>
Market Presence of Trademark at the Time of Domain Registration
Predicate for Bad Faith, Competing Services Incorporating the Trademark
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At Least 1193 Executions since Hassan Rouhani's Election as President in Iran
The annual report on the death penalty in 2014 shows that since the election of President Rouhani in June 2013, Iranian authorities have executed more than 1193 people. This is an average of more than 2 executions everyday.
On Tuesday March 12, Iran Human Rights (IHR) and Ensemble Contre la Peine de Mort (ECPM) presented IHR's seventh annual report on the death penalty in Iran. Different parts of the report will be published in the coming days.
Execution trends before and after the election of Hassan Rouhani:
Despite the optimism and hope after the election of Mr. Hassan Rouhani as the Iranian president, there are few indications that the human rights situation in the country has improved. In fact, a comparison of the 18 months before and after the presidential elections of June 2013 shows that the use of the death penalty has in fact increased.
The number of executions in the 18 months after the election of Hassan Rouhani as president (1. July 2013 - 31. December 2014) is 31% higher than the numbers in the 18 months before (1. January 2012-31 June 2013). Even worse, the number of juvenile offenders executed in 2014 is at its highest annual rate since 1990.[4]
Responsibility of the government in the implementation of the executions[1]
According to the Iranian constitution, the government, led by the President, doesn’t have the authority to issue and implement executions. The judiciary is the body directly involved, and it is the head of the judiciary (appointed by the Supreme leader) or the General Prosecutor in drug-trafficking cases, who sign the execution orders. However, public executions seem to be the exception to this rule.
According to the law regarding responsibilities and authority of governors (who represent the government and not the judiciary), the Council for the Security of the Province (headed by the local governor) is specifically responsible for public order and tranquility.[2]
Therefore, besides the judiciary (represented by the local judges), the government (represented by the local governor) does have the authority to decide whether an execution should be carried out in public or not. For example, in 2014, the governor of the Sistan and Baluchistan Province (Southeastern Iran) had initially disagreed with the public execution of three alleged terrorists in his province.[3]
This decision was later changed (possibly due to political pressure) and the prisoners were hanged in public. This means that although the judiciary makes the initial decision of carrying out the executions in public, the government, if willing, can in fact prevent public executions. Therefore, the government, led by the President, is equally responsible for the high numbers of public executions in Iran.
Role of the President and his government in use of the death penalty in Iran
As mentioned in the previous section, the President, via his governors, has direct influence on the implementation of public punishments such as flogging, amputation and executions. Although we have observed a slight decrease in the number of public executions, Iran is among the very few countries that implement public executions.
In fact, Iran is, together with Saudi Arabia, on top of the list of countries implementing public executions. On the other hand, there is an increase in the total number of executions during the presidency of Hassan Rouhani. Although the judiciary, and not the government, have the authority to issue and implement death sentences, nor the President or his government representatives have even once criticized the high number of executions in Iran.
It seems that Mr. Rouhani’s government is not preoccupied with the issue of the death penalty. However, this can be changed if the countries involved in a dialogue with Iran put it on the agenda. The government is normally the counterpart in the dialogue between Iran and the international community.
Download the PDF Version of the Full Report
[1] Tabasom Fanaian and Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam: Public executions in Iran: an unfit measure in a modern society. In: ECPM Review on the death penalty in Iran, pp. 84-90, 2014.
[2] http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/94932
[3] http://asrehamoon.ir/vdcjvaei.uqevmzsffu.html
[4] Amnesty International, Executions of Juveniles Since 1990, http://www.amnesty.org/en/death-penalty/executions-of-child-offenders-since-1990
[5] http://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/457331/
http://iranhr.net/en/articles/1184/
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Tag: shimon peres
Professor Alan Dershowitz still does not get it
By Jerome S. Kaufman
Tuesday we had, in our synagogue, as guest speaker, Alan Dershowitz, renown Professor of Law at Harvard University Law School. Mr. Dershowitz gave an impassioned introduction to an important new educational institution, JerusalemOnlineU.com. It is dedicated to awakening the world to the fantastic achievements of the state of Israel and negating the malicious hatred and propaganda to which it is constantly subjected.
Mr. Dershowitz spoke of a worldwide major campaign to delegitimize Israel. The primary point of attack is in the field of academia on college and even high school campuses. Educators have been carefully selected by those in power to perpetuate the present far Left point of view with the demonization of Israel as its primary goal. Mr. Dershowitz pointed out that their students will be the leaders of tomorrow in positions of political power and professors themselves in educational institutions. They will also continue to control the media as replicas of the same clique that controls the New York Times, the Washington Post, CNN, PBS and a limitless number of other media institutions. JerusalemOnlineU.com addresses this problem head on.
The JerusalemOnlineU.com website describes itself as follows:
It is a leading online portal for Jewish distance learning with a vision to transform Jewish and Israel education for the 21st century, and to inspire, unify, and activate people of all ages as passionate supporters of Israel and the Jewish people.
Founded in 2009 by Rabbi Raphael Shore, JerusalemOnlineU.com is breaking new ground in outreach by creating original feature films, engaging film classes and courses, and experiential and interactive learning, all distributed via the internet, social media, television, grass roots campaigns and partnerships with mainstream pro-Israel and outreach organizations.
JerusalemOnlineU.com is a tax exempt organization. It has produced four 10-hour, online multimedia courses, has graduated more than 4,500 students, and is responsible for over 100,000 hours of Jewish and Israel learning by students worldwide. JerusalemOnlineU.com’s film education courses are currently available for College Students, High Schools, Adult Education and Organizations.
A superlative film, Israel Inside was shown after the introduction. The entire film is available online at www.israelinsidethemovie.com and viewing it is highly recommended.
After the film Mr. Dershowitz continued with his presentation:
He said, “We need strength. We need power to fight anti-Israel lies. I wish we did control the media, the Congress and the world as dedicated anti-Semites declare. But, obviously, we don’t.”
There are those that believe Jews and Israel will prevail because of some vague superior morality. Hardly. World events have proven that false. The Holocaust, the slaughters in Russia, China, Darfur, Cambodia, Rwanda and now Syria have proven that morality has no standing without the power to protect it.
Dershowitz continued that the Hebrew bible advises, time and again, that only when God has given the people strength will they obtain power. There is no question Israel must use its military strength and thank G-d for that strength. The truism continues, “If the Palestinians gave up their arms in the current conflict, there would be peace and if the Israelis gave up theirs there would be genocide.”
The session was then opened to written questions. The first question asked Professor Dershowitz to comment on the recent Israeli election?
Dershowitz said he was happy to see the electorate shift from the extremes more toward the center. Now Netanyahu has freer hands and could move more toward the center and perhaps bring the Palestinian Arabs back to the “peace process.” I personally was puzzled as to which “peace process” he was referring.
He went into his projection of what a peace process could look like. He would demand Israel security be guaranteed. In return, Dershowitz would expect Israel to stop building and expanding settlements in areas many consider part of an eventual PA State. He would arrange land swaps that would give Arab areas to the PA State and Jewish lands to Israel. He would also demand a demilitarized PA State. If Israel’s security were to be viable, Israel would of course, have to control the Jordan Valley and the Golan Hts. In any case, Dershowitz believes that Israel should persist in offering peace at every opportunity in order to curry favor with the nations of the world.
Terrific, but please don’t confuse me with the facts.
The Palestinians have not agreed to even one requirement of the infamous Oslo Accords or any other of the many peace offers made to them. They continue to demand the return of so-called refugees that now number in the millions and consist of three generations of people that have never had any connection to Israel.
The PA continues to educate its children to total rejection of any Israeli existence. Their maps do not have Israel included but rather an area consisting only of Palestine. The frequent costume of newly born babies has them outfitted in a suicide belt! Their athletic teams and town squares are named after terrorists. And, does Dershowitz truly believe the PA would ever agree to exist as a demilitarized nation?
Why does he persist in this nonsense? Does he really believe it will curry favor with the international community? Where has the “favor” been accumulated from 20 years of Shimon Pere’s pipe dream Oslo Accords and all the other peace proposals and Arab/Jewish co-existence over the last 150 years?
Has Dershowitz not learned anything at all from Israel’s suicidal concessions of Gaza and the Lebanese security zone? Have they not become entrenched areas of Arab terrorism? Is there any doubt any other territory relinquished would become exactly the same?
But, what was the worst part of Dershowitz’s lecture? He ignores his own quotations and admonitions from the Hebrew Bible, that morality only follows the possession of power. Furthermore there are severe consequences to Jews being naively mesmerized into the possibility that a peace process is possible when of course it is not. Jews are thus disarmed mentally and psychologically from the constant power, vigilance and preparedness that is desperately required.
Dershowitz and others with the same benighted mentality, make Jews suckers to a belief that can only result, G-d forbid, in another Holocaust but, this time, most likely the last one and occurring in G-d’s given homeland. That is the Arab ultimate and only understanding of peace.
Author Jerome S. KaufmanPosted on January 31, 2013 January 31, 2013 Categories UncategorizedTags Benighted mentality, Film - Inside Israel, Gaza, Hebrew Bible, Israeli elections, Lebanon, moral superiority, Oslo Peace Process, Settlements, shimon peres1 Comment on Professor Alan Dershowitz still does not get it
How to spoil a perfectly good lunch – Invite an Israeli diplomat to speak
The Jewish Community Relations Council of Metropolitan Detroit, that purports to be the public affairs voice of the Jewish community here, which, of course it is not, asked the Zionist Organization of America, Michigan Region to help with an event. The ZOA was to obtain an audience and sponsor a luncheon for an Israeli diplomat the Council had brought in for a tour of the local Jewish community. The ZOA-MI did so and had a nice turnout.
Generally it has been our experience that Jewish Community Councils, Federations, the American Jewish Committee, Hillels and many other establishment Jewish organizations nationwide, have a propensity for a particular political point of view and almost invariably, a speaker is hired that not so subtly proclaims it.
We were therefore not surprised with the delivery of the diplomat who addressed us. She was Orli Gil, Israel Consul General for the Midwest based in Chicago. Ms. Gil was well spoken and had a list of diplomatic credentials attained over the years. She also had a history of appearing at gatherings sponsored by such organizations as listed above.
She assumed her post as Israeli Consul General to the Midwest region in July 2008 and is a career diplomat who has served in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for 22 years. Ms. Gil holds a BA in English and Hebrew Literature from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem – hardly an education, by the way, directed toward political expertise.
Ms. Gil spoke well enough. Unfortunately, the Israeli Government message that she presented was disappointing, to say the least. It was sometimes difficult to determine whose view was being presented – the Israeli or the Arab.
The terminology used by Ms. Gil was shocking. She had somehow learned to use the pro-Arab version. She spoke of Israel having “conquered” much Arab territory in 1967 and was “occupying” it to this day. She spoke of Israel “giving back” land that Israel had “conquered” and was fully prepared to “give back” more for peace.
Never did she seem to understand and certainly did not verbalize the fact that Israel had simply regained territory that should have been the Jewish Homeland in the first place. Never did she remind the audience that the Jewish claim to the land goes back over 3000 years. Never did she state that there is no genuine legitimate Arab claim to the land and that at no time was there an Arab nation on that land. In fact, the term “Palestinian” always referred to the Jews living there.
Arabs were simply designated as Arabs who had migrated into the area when the Jews began to drain the swamps, make the land habitable, utilized Jewish genius to bolster the entire economy and thus create jobs for these Arab immigrants. They streamed in from Iraq, Egypt, Syria and surrounding areas only because in Palestine and then Israel, they finally had a chance to make a decent living and to obtain the huge benefits of a democratic nation that they do not have in their own Arab countries to this very day.
If Consul General Gil and the entire Israeli diplomatic corps had read, From Time Immemorial: The Origins of the Arab-Jewish Conflict over Palestine published in 1984 book by Joan Peters and describing, in great detail, the origins of the Arab population of Palestine, they would learn these basic facts. These facts have been studiously ignored by an Israel government too obtuse to understand their public relations significance.
Furthermore, Judea and Samaria (not “West Bank”), Gaza and the Golan Heights never “belonged” to Arabs and certainly not Jordan, Syria and Egypt, who themselves conquered them in 1948. At that time, these bordering nations invaded the newly “reborn” Jewish nation in an attempt to immediately abort its rebirth. To be perfectly accurate, these Arab nations were the “occupiers” from 1948 until they were finally expelled in 1967 by the Israelis in the Six Day war of self-defense.
But, this is all old hat and virtually beyond repair. What was even more depressing was Orli Gil’s discourse on the so-called “peace process” It appears that the Israeli Government under PM Netanyahu and his stalwarts Ehud Barak, Shimon Peres et al, who somehow, under the pathetic Israeli political system that keeps dinosaurs in power forever, are still pursuing a “peace process” which has been an unmitigated disaster.
Not one gesture of peace or huge swath of territory given to the Arabs has been reciprocated other than as a sign of weakness and a greater opportunity to enlarge their Arab terror bases against the Israelis.
Gil had the inane idea, as does her titular boss, Bibi Netanyahu, that the Arabs will eventually come to the table and give up their self determined right of return of millions of third generation “refugees”, they will agree to a demilitarized state, they will allow Israel to control the Jordan Valley, the Egyptian border, the Lebanese border, allow the IDF to police Judea and Samaria as needed to protect Israeli citizens, allow Jerusalem to remain undivided and remain only the capitol of the Jewish state and not make it the capitol of a “Palestinian” state, etc. and to recognize Israel’s right to exist as a Jewish State.
To me, this last requirement is the greatest of the abominations. How I as a Jew or Israel as a Jewish nation has to ask anyone to grant them the “right to exist” when we have over 3000 years of such an obvious existence and G-d given at that, is beyond abomination.
It is abomination enough to make me ill and to yearn desperately for the day when, G-d willing, Israel finally has political leaders with genuine self respect, genuine pride in their people and their nation and are finally able to shed off their sick dependency upon others and feel the need to plead with them to recognize Israel’s very “right to exist.” Instead, hopefully one day, we will have leaders with the confidence and strength to tell the immediate world exactly where to get off.
Jerome S. Kaufman
Author Jerome S. KaufmanPosted on September 9, 2011 Categories UncategorizedTags ehud barak, Israel Consulate, Israeli vs. Arab claims, Netanyahu, Orli Gil, shimon peres, zoa
What Hallucinogenic Drugs Are Shimon Peres, Benjamin Netanyahu And Ehud Barak On?
I. On Friday night, in the city of Itamar, there was a horrific terror attack in which 5 members of the Fogel family were brutally murdered. They were deliberately slaughtered by Palestinian Arabs with knives, while lying asleep in their own home.
The Victims included the Parents Rabbi Udi and Ruth and three of their children Yoav, 11, Elad, 4, and Hadas, 3 months. Their crime? – Being Jews in the land that G-d had given to his people over 3500 years ago.
At the funeral yesterday, attended by some 20,000 people, the former Chief Rabbi of Israel, Rabbi Yisrael Meir Lau, quoted from the book of Iyov (Job) 2:1
“So they sat down with him upon the ground seven days and seven nights, and none spoke a word unto him; for they saw that his grief was very great.”
No words can rationalize or provide comfort for such a tragedy. The only words worth sharing are those of the parents and siblings of Udi and Ruth who said that such acts of terror don’t weaken their resolve and love for Eretz Yisrael. “This land is our life, we cannot be separated from it.”
The Fogel family was murdered on Friday night of Shabbat Parshat Vayikra, when we begin reading the discussion of the sacrifices which were offered to G-d in the tabernacle…
Hashem Yenakem Damam – May G-d avenge their blood.
Rabbi Shneur Silberberg, Bais Chabad, West Bloomfield, MI
II. What hallucinogenic drugs are Shimon Peres, Benjamin Netanyahu and Ehud Barak on?
By Yehudit Tayar
What we so obviously see from here (Judea and Samaria – “West Bank”) that they are not willing to see from there! (Jerusalem, Government of Israel)
Just this past week my family sadly commemorated the brutal murders of Rabbi Elnatan and Dina Horwitz, my cousins HY”D, who were murdered in their home in Kiryat Arba, Hevron, Friday night Erev Shabbat Kodesh in 2003.
Then, just like this past Erev Shabbat, the brutal murders of the Fogel family, mother, father and three children as they slept innocently took place. The murdering terrorists went from one member of the family to the next and slaughtered them with blind hatred.
We hear Prime Minister Netanyahu, President Shimon Peres, and of course Ehud Barak – the “Minister of Defense” — condemning these horrific murders. They have the audacity to stand in front of us and demand condemnation from the world for these actions, while they along with all of the heads of the Israeli governments since the signing of the Oslo Accords in September 1993, refuse to see or accept the truth.
They continue to meet with the heads of the PLO and plan to continue to make “painful concessions” while willfully ignoring the reality that the hatred is bred inside of the official education facilities of the PLO. That no matter what Israel is willing to do in order to achieve the long anticipated and longed for “peace,” the other side will never stop hating us and trying to destroy us.
How blind can these heads of government be? We open the official web sites of the PLO and learn what they are teaching their people including the lessons of hatred and lies to their children. We learn what their maps show – that there is no Israel – not only Yesha or Jerusalem, but they do not recognize our entire Land or our existence.
We witness the official educational texts of the PLO and learn that these are identical to the official Nazi propaganda used before and during the Holocaust in Europe to annihilate six million Jews, including one and half million children.
We hear the heads of the PLO declare that they will never accept that Israel is a Jewish State. So why do our leaders continue to ignore all of this blatant hatred and incitement? Why do they continue to play into the hands of the United States and the rest of the world who do not care if we disappear tomorrow from the face of the earth?
Only a few days ago mass forces were sent with weapons against families living in Chavat Gilad in the Shomron in order to destroy two dwellings. Daily on our roads we are continuously attacked and do not see any proper response from the security forces.
No matter how many cameras, guards etc, we use in our communities in order to try and protect our lives and the lives of our children it will not resolve the problem. The infrastructure of hate that is teaching would-be murderers like those who came in the night and butchered our families will continue to train and direct more murderers like them – that it is acceptable to continue to murder innocent people as long as they are Jews and especially if they are “settlers”.
Let’s face it, the Israeli government led by the Prime Minister and the so called Minister of Defense continue to ignore the real situation in their dangerous and pathetic attempt to pretend that if Israel is only willing to make more concessions and accept a “Palestinian State” we would be left alone.
There is a popular saying, “What is seen from here cannot be seen from there”. This is constantly used to explain that we, the simple folk, are unable to comprehend what our leaders face and how they understand what is needed to be done.
I accept this theory but not in the way the media and government representatives wish for it to be understood. I accept that those heads of the government are disconnected from the reality of the situation and that they TRULY DO NOT SEE THE REAL PICTURE.
It is us, the simple citizens of Israel, who continue to pay an unacceptable horrific heart-breaking price for their refusal to accept the truth. Israel does not have nor will she ever have a partner for peace let alone peaceful co-existence.
I wish to quote a former leader of the Jewish people, David Ben-Gurion, who was also a settler. (Speech to the 21st Zionist Congress, Basil 1937) “No Jew is at liberty to surrender the right of the Jewish Nation and the Land of Israel to exist. No Jewish body is sanctioned to do so. No Jew alive today has the authority to yield any piece of land whatsoever. This right is preserved by the Jewish People throughout the generations and cannot be forfeited under any circumstance.”
Even if at some given time there will be those who declare that they are relinquishing this right, they have neither the power nor the jurisdiction to negate it for future generations to come … Our right to this Land, in its entirety, is steadfast, inalienable and eternal.”
Perhaps if our so-called leaders were reminded of these words declared long before our Nation established a Jewish State in our eternal Land, they would accept the truth. The truth that must Israel stop pretending that there is some Arab leadership, including or perhaps especially the PLO, who will ever be willing to allow us to live safely in our Land.
We do not wish to hear words of comfort, anger or sorrow, unless the remorse of these same leaders prompts them to immediately stop endangering us, and allowing the despicable murderers to come in to our homes and butcher innocent families-including infants and children.
Yehudit Tayar is a veteran spokesperson for the Jewish pioneers who live in Yesha, and lives with her family in Bet Horon in the Benjamin Region of Samaria.
Comment from reader, Rev. Legasi,
Dr. Kaufman,
May i extend our condolences to you all who are in grief to the Brutal Murder of the Foggel Family. These Muslims are like the Philistines in the time of King David, They Have NO plan but for the Elimination of Israel. Mr. Kaufman i know it is near because The E.U. is now involved in the peace process. Remember Madam Merkel of Germany betrayed Israel last week by siding with PA. As i watch Prophecy unfolding in the Middle East i felt cold on my spine for what I saw and am seeing. Example, October 14,2009 Turkey, a Friend of Israel, turned her back. Four weeks ago Egypt sold out Israel. They even permitted two Iranian Warship to pass the Suez Canal. Last December Lebanon became the nation of HeZbollah. Time will come when Israel will have no friend but their King, the Son of David and Israel Herself.
Zechariah 14:1-9
Rev. Legasi
Author Ara RubyanPosted on March 14, 2011 March 31, 2011 Categories Israel, the US and the Immediate WorldTags benjamin netanyahu, eretz yisrael, government of israel, judea and samaria, palestinian arabs, parshat vayikra, rabbi yisrael, shimon peres, terror attack
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#120Project
Israel Policy Exchange
Koplow Column
The 120 Project: Israeli Elections
Annexation Watch
Gaza: Crisis and Solutions
50 Steps Before The Deal
Two-State Security
The Next 50 Years
IPF Atid
IPF Atid Supporter Community
IPF Atid News
The Final Knesset Election Results, and How to Change Things Next Time
|In Israel Policy Exchange
|By Efraim Sneh
The final results of the Knesset elections now enable a balanced and realistic assessment of the new political situation in Israel.
It was impossible to build the bloc of 61 seats in the Knesset to prevent Netanyahu from obtaining majority coalition, because the Orthodox parties (Haredim) won three more seats compared to the previous Knesset, and the Arab parties lost three seats. The center-left parties went from 40 to 45, while the far right parties had 14 seats, now only 10.
But Netanyahu’s achievement is not only the high number of seats he won. No party defied his basic concept that Israeli settlements in the West Bank are vital to Israel’s security. He succeeded in turning the word “leftist” into a synonym to “traitor.” and no one really protested. He succeeded in delegitimizing the participation of Israel’s Arab citizens in the democratic process. The nation-state law was a blunt manifestation of his policy of exclusion and discrimination.
The center-left parties can’t evade one conclusion of these elections: there is no majority bloc without the Arabs voters; there is no coalition without the Haredim.
If these parties are seriously intending to oust Netanyahu from power in the next elections, they have to change their attitude now towards these two communities. What remarkably reduced the Arab turn-out in ballots was the lack of chance to share power and be partners in government in a way that can improve their economic and social position. A distinction should be made between supporting the creation of a Palestinian state, living side by side with Israel in a two-state Solution and rejection of the existence of a Jewish state. That is why it is not justified to prevent Arab parties that are not against the state of Israel, and are interested in the Israeli society from participating in the ruling coalition or supporting it in the Knesset.
Those who want to prevent in the next Knesset another far-right government, should send a clear message to the Israeli Arabs that they are not outside the democratic game, and that they can participate in government ministries, not only as mid-level employees.
The Orthodox parties do not necessarily have to be part of the right-wing camp. But the Orthodox parties will remain members of this camp if the center-left continue to disparage them and show them disdain. The Orthodox community is largely poor, and economic policy based on social justice can substantially improve that situation. This will also require efforts to improve Haredi participation in Israeli society, with a focus on becoming more productive, to join the working part of the population, and to not only be consumers of government services.
A new formula of coexistence between different cultures, secular one and Orthodox one, should be created, if new political alliance is built. But this formula should be based on a genuine mutual respect.
Those who want to replace the right-wing government next time should not only change their attitude towards Israeli Arabs and Haredim. A change must take place inside the parties themselves.
The Labor Party should entirely return to its historic ideology. It is useless to do this only just before elections to call home its traditional voters. One who wants to obtain the electoral results of late Itzhak Rabin (44 seats) has to revive the identiTY Rabin gave to Labor: a social-democratic party, national security minded, seeking peace with neighbors. A Zionist left party that can serve a political home to many Israelis.
The Kachol Lavan party had an impressive achievement in last elections. But in the opposition it faces a danger of fragmentation. It happened in the past to successful centrist parties. If Kachol Lavan call open election of its institutions, including primaries for the next Knesset list, then it may become the Democratic Party of Israel. Israelis already have a Republican Party. The challenge is to replace it in power.
Efraim Sneh
General (R.) Ephraim Sneh served as a minister and deputy minister in several Israeli cabinets.
Israel Policy Forum is a tax-exempt organization under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Contributions to Israel Policy Forum are deductible under section 170 of the Code (Tax ID#:90-0653286).
© 2019 Israel Policy Forum. All rights reserved.
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Tess Slesinger
A novelist with a skill for balancing deep emotion with biting satire, Tess Slesinger became one of the first writers to explicitly discuss abortion in her 1932 story, “Missis Flinders.” Slesinger studied at Swarthmore before earning her BA from the Columbia School of Journalism in 1925. After working as a journalist for a few years, she married editor Herbert Solow in 1928 and began writing book reviews for his left-wing Menorah Journal. She divorced in 1932 and used her marriage and the petty squabbles of the magazine publishing world as grist for her 1934 novel The Unpossessed. She published a collection of short stories, Time: The Present, in 1935, the same year she was hired as a Hollywood screenwriter. Her first assignment was the screen adaptation of The Good Earth, and on the set she met her second husband, Frank Davis, with whom she would write several more screenplays. While working in Hollywood, she also helped found the Screen Writers’ Guild. Slesinger died of cancer at age thirty-nine and did not live to see the premiere of her final collaboration with Davis, the acclaimed A Tree Grows in Brooklyn.
Topics: Film, Fiction, Journalism
More on Tess Slesinger
Encyclopedia Article: Tess Slesinger
Encyclopedia Article: Assimilation in the United States: Twentieth Century
Encyclopedia Article: Fiction in the United States
An unconventional childhood and her association with Jewish left-wing literary radicals shaped the biting satire of Tess Slesinger's novels and short stories. Her subsequent conquest of Hollywood as a screenwriter was cut short by her untimely death at age thirty-nine.
Institution: The Jacob Rader Marcus Center of the American Jewish Archives, Cincinnati, OH, www.americanjewisharchives.org
Journalist, Writer, Screenwriter, Founder
Jewish Women's Archive. "Tess Slesinger." (Viewed on July 16, 2019) <https://jwa.org/people/slesinger-tess>.
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KEITH RICHARDS RELEASES DELUXE ‘TALK IS CHEAP’ BOX SET TODAY
by admin | Mar 29, 2019 | Music News
Released today (March 29th) is the six-disc 30th anniversary super deluxe edition of Keith Richards' solo debut, Talk Is Cheap. Richards' co-producer, drummer, and songwriter collaborator Steve Jordan remastered the 1988 set, which includes six unreleased bonus tracks featuring Rolling Stones guitarist Mick Taylor, bassist Bootsy Collins, and legendary Chuck Berry pianist Johnnie Johnson. The super deluxe edition features the unreleased songs on CD and vinyl, also with vinyl singles of "Take It So Hard"/"I Could Have Stood You Up" and "No Mistake"/"It Means A Lot."
SuperDeluxeEdition.com posted: "In addition to that audio, 80-page hardcover book with an Anthony DeCurtis essay featuring a new Keith interview, as well as the usual ‘rare and unseen’ photos from personal archives. This set also throws in 'stuff' like tour laminates, lyric sheets, a reproduction Talk Is Cheap playback invite, guitar pick and two posters. A two-CD deluxe is also available with album and bonus tracks, and a standard remastered vinyl edition is also available. An 'indies-only' red vinyl exclusive edition is also being marketed." The box set runs about $175.
Keith Richards chatted with The Sydney Morning Herald and was asked about the particularly toxic vibes between him and Mick Jagger in the mid-1980's that led to the recording of Talk Is Cheap. Richards responded by saying, "You mean how many difficult times? We’re brothers, y'know? We fight and that’s when people hear about our relationship. The other 99 per cent nobody’s interested in, because we get along fine. But when Mick and I do have a disagreement, we really have one (laughs)."
Richards touched upon stumbling upon the musicians on Talk Is Cheap that made up the X-Pensive Winos: "For me, it was a real Deja vu thing. It was like working with the Stones early on. But at the same time, there was that amazing sensation that something was happening. It was a little bit of a miracle, to put together a second great band."
Last November, Keith Richards signed a new worldwide deal to switch his solo recordings catalogue to BMG. The new agreement now brings together Richards' 1978 debut solo single and four solo albums from 1988 to 2010, alongside his publishing that BMG has represented since 2013.
According to the press release announcing the deal, "Upcoming physical reissues will include deluxe and expanded CD's and LP's, extensive box sets, and additional special projects to be announced soon, including the first ever digital release of Live At The Hollywood Palladium, December 15, 1988."
Mick Jagger believes that Keith Richards ultimately following his lead by starting his own solo career in the late-1980's, made him a better musician and record producer: "I think the experience with making his own records has made him more disciplined than he would've like to be. (Laughs) He's forced to be!"
Guitar aficionados have always asked Keith Richards about the various tunings and tricks he's used on his Rolling Stones classics. He told us, it's really the last thing anyone should be worrying about: "Guitars and tunings, hey, that’s for us to know and other people to wonder about. What does it matter whether you’ve got five or six strings? It’s. . . are you getting out of that thing what you’re hearing in your head? And is it coming out the right way? The rest of it’s. . . a dark secret (laughter)."
AUDIO: KEITH RICHARDS ON GUITAR TUNINGS
AUDIO: MICK JAGGER ON KEITH RICHARDS GOING SOLO
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Small West Texas Town Could Be Dump Site For Nuclear Waste
Photo, Getty Images
The town of Andrews, TX (population just under 13,000) is just north of Midland, Odessa, and could soon be the site of a nuclear waste dump. Waste Control Specialists, which is a Dallas-based company focused on the disposal of radioactive waste, applied for the federal approval of a project that would bring high-level nuclear waste to its nuclear waste storage facilities just outside of Andrews.
Last month the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission accepted the application for review and the high-level nuclear waste could arrive to the outskirts of Andrews as early as 2021. Now that seems like it's really far away. But if you don't want the nuclear waste coming to your back door, it's probably far too close to happening.
How long will this high-level nuclear waste be harmful? Well, it's not an exact number, but it can take HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF YEARS. And to make matters worse, apparently some state geologists and engineers quit because their concerns over the safety of the storage facility weren't being heard. They said that likelihood of the storage facilities leaking into nearby groundwater was high.
Supporters of the facility point to the potential jobs that could be brought to Andrews. Because, of course the jobs are great, especially when you need to buy extra socks for the foot that's growing out of your head because you officially become radioactive yourself.
Categories: Buzz Adams Morning Show
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John G. Schreiber
Gordan Segal
Matthew Thornton
Founding Partner and Former CEO
of CenterPoint Properties Trust
Michael Mullen is the retired CEO and a founding partner of CenterPoint Properties Trust (CNT: NYSE). CenterPoint was one of the top performing REITs in the United States, delivering shareholder returns in excess of 21% per year from 1993 until the company was acquired by CalPERS in 2006 for $3.5 billion. Mr. Mullen left CenterPoint’s Board in 2012 to become a Board Member and Senior Advisor to IndCor Properties, a Blackstone portfolio company that was sold to GIC for $8.1 billion in 2015.
Additionally, Mr. Mullen serves on the boards of Rouse Properties (NYSE: RSE), the Brazilian industrial development company Cone, Saudi Arabia based developer Tusdeer, and LMG2, LLC, the owner of the Millennium Parking Garages in Chicago. Mr. Mullen also serves as an advisor to GEM Realty Capital and Tur Partners, which are both based in Chicago.
President, Centaur Capital Partners, Inc.
Co-Founder, Blackstone Real Estate Advisors
John G. Schreiber is the President of Centaur Capital Partners, Inc. In December 2015 he retired as a Partner and Co-Founder of Blackstone Real Estate Advisors (BREA). As Co-Chairman of the BREA Investment Committee, Mr. Schreiber oversaw all Blackstone real estate investments since its’ founding in 1992. During those 23 years, Blackstone invested over $75 billion of equity in a wide variety of real estate transactions. Previously, Mr. Schreiber served as Chairman and CEO of JMB Urban Development Co. and Executive Vice President of JMB Realty Corp.
Mr. Schreiber is a past board member of Urban Shopping Centers, Inc., Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc., The Rouse Company, AMLI Residential Properties Trust, General Growth Properties, Blackstone Mortgage Trust, Inc. and Hudson Pacific Properties and he currently serves on the board of JMB Realty Corp., Brixmor Property Group, Hilton Worldwide, Inc. and Invitation Homes and is a director/trustee of the mutual funds managed by T. Rowe Price Associates and a Trustee of Loyola University of Chicago. Mr. Schreiber graduated from Loyola University of Chicago and received an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School.
Gordon Segal
Co-Founder, former Chairman and CEO of Crate and Barrel
Gordon Segal is Co-Founder, former Chairman and CEO of Crate and Barrel, an internationally recognized, multi-channel home furnishings retail chain. Mr. Segal led the company as Chief Executive Officer from 1962 until his retirement in 2008. Currently employing more than 8000 associates worldwide, the Crate and Barrel family of brands, which also includes CB2 and The Land of Nod, has 112 brick-and-mortar locations throughout North America, as well as franchise locations in Dubai.
Gordon and Carole Segal wanted to bring the simple, well-designed tableware they had seen on their European travels to the United States for other young couples like themselves, who had more taste than money. So in 1962, they opened a contemporary housewares store in Chicago’s Old Town neighborhood, selling out of packing crates and barrels. Their innovative concept changed the way Americans view housewares and transformed the American retail environment.
A former Chairman of the National Retail Federation and a graduate and Trustee of Northwestern University, Mr. Segal also serves on several civic boards, including The Art Institute of Chicago, the University of Chicago Medical Center, the Chicago History Museum, Window to the World Communications, Inc. (WWCI), and the Lyric Opera of Chicago. Mr. Segal is also a member of the Chief Executives’ Organization, the Civic Committee, and the Chicago Council of Global Affairs.
In 2007, Gordon Segal was inducted into the World Retail Congress’ Hall of Fame. Other recent awards include the Retailing Hall of Fame at Texas A & M, the Cooper-Hewitt’s Design Patron Award, House Beautiful magazine’s Giant of Design designation and the National Retail Federation Gold Medal Award, and induction into the American Furniture Hall of Fame.
Matt Thornton
President and CEO of Thorntons Inc.
Matt Thornton has served as President and CEO of Thorntons Inc. since 2001. In this position, Mr. Thornton is responsible for leading Kentucky’s largest privately-held corporation which owns and operates 175 gasoline and convenience stores in the Midwest and Southeast.
Mr. Thornton currently serves as Chairman of the Waterfront Development Corporation and on the board of Overseers of the University of Louisville.
Mr. Thornton’s previous business, civic and charitable appointments include Chairman of Gallopalooza and Chairman of the Metro United Way’s Alexis de Tocqueville Society. He has also served on the boards of PNC Bank of Kentucky, the Muhammad Ali Center, Jefferson County Public Education Foundation, Louisville Free Public Library Foundation, Louisville Community Foundation and the Crusade for Children Foundation.
Mr. Thornton graduated from the University of Alabama with a B.S. in Finance.
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KERI LAMBERT
Historian of Africa
I’m very grateful that my research over the years has been generously funded by several organizations and schools.
Competitive External Funding
International Dissertation Research Fellowship, Social Science Research Council, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, $29,700; for research in US, UK, and Ghana, 2016-17
Beinecke Scholarship, Beinecke Foundation, $34,000; for graduate studies, 2014-15 (awarded 2011)
Thomas J. Watson Fellowship, Watson Foundation, $28,000; for research in Ghana, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, and Malaysia, 2013-14
Competitive Internal Funding
Lindsay Fellowship for Research in Africa, Council on African Studies, Yale University, $4,000; for research in Ghana, 2015
Pre-Dissertation Grant, Macmillan Center for International and Area Studies, Yale University, $2,000; for research in Ghana, 2015
Alpha Delta Phi Research Grant, Amherst College, $2,000; for research in Sierra Leone, 2012
Internal Funding
International Dissertation Research Fellowship, MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies, Yale University, $2,350; for research in UK
My trips to regional and national conferences have been supported by grants from the National Science Foundation / American Society for Environmental History, the Agricultural History Society, the MacMillan Center for International and Area Studies at Yale University, and the Department of History at Yale University.
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The good, the bad, and the bizarre.
Things have been downright tumultuous around here.
I wanted to get in the habit of blogging more often so I could hold myself accountable on the recording side of things. I haven’t managed to do that. I have been making good progress with the album. I’ve also had to accept this sad truth: there’s no way to get it finished in time for the show. It’s turned into too tight a race. I can get it close, but not all the way there.
This is a handbill the wonderful Katie Schram designed for me.
Beautiful, isn’t it?
It would be great if I could print a bunch of these and start handing them out to people. I can’t. For the first time in my life I have promotional material I can’t use, because the show it’s supposed to promote isn’t going to happen.
First my trombonist pulled out after committing to the show. Then my cellist stopped talking to me with no explanation. Before long my drummer was out of commission and unreachable, the only person I could get to agree to show up for a rehearsal was the bassist, and many of the most important musicians either wouldn’t acknowledge me at all or were pretty vague about when and if they might grace me with their presence.
Sounds a bit like a lame comedy sketch.
You might say, “Well, the musicians involved in this are talented enough that they don’t need much preparation. They could turn up the night of the show with a single rehearsal under their belt and fake their way through it just fine.”
Even if that’s true, the whole “rehearse very little and pray for a miracle” approach doesn’t work for me. It never has. It would be one thing if we were a band with some history. We’re not. I’ve only worked with these people one-on-one in a recording situation. Playing live as a group is a very different beast. You need time to build chemistry and work out arrangements.
I’ve played as a supporting musician in bands that half-assed everything and hoped for the music to glue itself together in the ninth hour. None of those performances were anything to write home about, and I was always a nervous wreck onstage. Why would I want to put myself through that when the music is my own?
The last time I played at Mackenzie Hall I had a three-piece band. We only had six or seven songs we needed to learn as a group. The rest of the show was made up of me doing solo pieces. We must have rehearsed a dozen times over a period of three months. The idea was to get to a place where we were comfortable enough with one another to take off on an improvised tangent in the middle of a song and navigate whatever twists and turns it took with confidence — to be able to pick up on tiny physical cues and execute pin-point dynamic shifts.
We put the work in to toughen ourselves up until we were a real band, and it paid off big time at the show.
That isn’t going to happen this time. Even if every necessary piece of the musical puzzle showed up to rehearse for every Saturday that’s left between now and August 17th, I don’t think there would be enough time for us to get good. At best we would be okay. And that’s not going to cut it.
I may go out of my way to leave mistakes and human moments in my recordings, but I care a great deal about what I do. I’m not going to half-ass my first serious live performance in eight years and the biggest show of my life to accommodate the absent asses of others. If people can’t be bothered to show up and put in the work, there’s no point in losing my mind trying to salvage something out of the chaos. I won’t march into a public humiliation out of some misguided sense of duty, and I didn’t work to get that grant so I could pay people for being a bunch of fucking deadbeats.
I wouldn’t be able to rehearse now anyway. All the stress has caught up with me and made me sick. Ain’t that a kick in the nuts?
I already had my mind pretty much made up about cancelling the show before I got sick, but I took some time to think it over. During my thinking-it-over time, the ghostly cellist popped up to say she’d be available to rehearse about three weeks before the show. As if that would somehow be enough time to get up to speed when she’s never played any of these songs before. The person who was supposed to be my main backup vocalist and a fill-in lead singer for other absent vocalists said she wouldn’t have any time to rehearse with me until the end of July — this after telling me she’d be available to start getting together in early June. Better yet, after letting me believe for months that she was going to be an integral part of the show and one of the main performers, she changed her mind. Now I could only choose three songs I really wanted her to sing on. That was all the material she felt like learning.
There’s no putting a good face on this — she lied to me. She misled me about the role she was prepared to play and how much time she was willing to set aside for me. She’s second-billed on that handbill up there. Someone who’s a glorified walk-on guest doesn’t deserve to be second-billed. And I don’t care how busy you are. If you’re not going to be honest with me, I don’t want to know you.
Any doubts I had about cancelling the show died a violent death right there.
The singer who didn’t want to do much singing wasn’t the only person who was full of shit. Not by a long shot. It’s as if some of these people believed the simple act of attaching their names to my show should have been satisfaction enough for me, and whatever near-nonexistent amount of effort I could get out of them beyond that was supposed to be a bonus.
Someone told me, “You have to understand…most musicians don’t operate the way you do. They have their heads perpetually stuck up their own asses, and their main concern is themselves. That’s just the way they are. You can’t take it personally. It isn’t about you.”
How am I not supposed to take it personally? What other way is there to take it? “Laziness” is not a valid excuse to me. You don’t get to treat your so-called friends like dirt just because you’re talented.
Actually, let me correct that: in most cases you do get to treat your so-called friends like dirt. A lot of people get away with being pretty awful human beings because they have some amount of talent — or at least the ability to convince others they do — and they can be charming and ingratiating when they feel like it. I don’t swim in that ditch. A talented piece of shit is still a piece of shit.
You can make all the excuses you want. My music is who I am. You blow that off and you’re blowing me off. It doesn’t get much more personal than that.
I understand now that I made the tactical error of devising a show that relied on a large supporting cast of characters in order to succeed. Many of the most important players let me down. My dream was to give a multi-faceted gift to the community through music and visual art. The indifference of my peers has decimated that dream.
So I’ve cancelled the dates at Mackenzie Hall (dress rehearsal and performance), and a week ago I gave the grant money back to the city. I refuse to compromise my vision to the point that the show no longer resembles what it was supposed to be. This was going to be something special. It was the culmination of more than five years of work. I put it together a specific way and worked my ass off to make it a reality. Limping into Mackenzie Hall with some half-formed version of what could have been would feel even more like defeat than pulling the plug and walking away.
Could I have done something with just a rhythm section? Sure. Could I have done a one-man show? Yeah. But I’ve already done both of those things at Mackenzie Hall (and I think I did them pretty well). I have no desire to repeat myself.
Most of the people who were going to be my “special guests” were great at communicating with me. I didn’t have to chase them. I’m grateful for that. Darryl and Christy Litster, Ron Leary, Jess O’Neil, Jim Meloche, Dave Dubois, Natalie Westfall — all these folks have been wonderful every step of the way.
In the end, it just wasn’t enough. I felt like I had one big show left in me. This was it. Now it’s dead.
I should have opted for that CHICKEN ANGEL WOMAN ten-year anniversary show after all, eh?
Lesson learned — I won’t try to do anything like this again. And if anyone accuses me of being a weirdo recluse who doesn’t play well with others after this, I will bite their head off and spit it back into their jagged blood-spurting neck hole.
You might think this is an extreme overreaction to a situation that wasn’t beyond help. Unless you’ve been through it, you have no idea what it’s like to put your heart and soul into something like this only to watch it collapse in slow-motion. You can’t force people to show up. You can’t force them to care.
I’m told I’m the first person in the history of the ACHF to refund their grant money. It felt like the right thing to do. The event as I pitched it to the jury ceased to exist, and I didn’t want to abuse the system. I know there are people who do that and get away with it. I would rather be honest.
Maybe someone else with better luck will be able to use the money to realize a dream that’s more realistic than mine was. I hope so.
I’m not as disheartened as all of this might make me sound. I’ve gone through the grieving process and more or less made my peace with things not working out. As a wise woman once said, “[You] can’t hug every cat.” I won’t pretend it isn’t disappointing, though. I was pretty proud of the set list and supporting cast I put together. I think it could have been a night to remember.
We’ll never know now.
On a lighter note, the J, K, and L keys on my MacBook stopped working a few weeks ago. Every once in a while I could mash the other keys around them and trick them into cooperating with me for a little bit. After a few days my subterfuge no longer did any good. I was hoping it was just some dirt on one of the contacts. Nope. Had to get the whole keyboard replaced. That was a $200 expense I could have done without. At least the people at Experimax were great to deal with and they fixed it the same day I brought it in.
You don’t notice how much you rely on certain letters until they’re no longer accessible to you. The S key on my crusty old video-editing laptop died years ago, but it’s easy to work around. All I have to do is copy an S from an existing document or file and paste it whenever I need it. When you have to do that with three different letters it becomes much more frustrating and time-consuming, turning what should be a two-minute email into fifteen minutes of tediousness. It’s nice to be able to type freely again.
It hasn’t all been janky laptop keys and crumbling dreams of ambitious live shows over here.
For the better part of twenty years I’ve been trying to track down video footage of my March 2000 performance at the Air Jam (Walkerville’s quirky name for a talent show). I’ve mentioned this a few times before.
I knew of two tapes — the one Gord’s high school girlfriend Amanda filmed, and the one the school filmed. I saw both of them in the summer of 2000. Then I never saw anything that was on either tape again.
I started trying to talk Amanda into letting me borrow her tape so I could make myself a copy when we were still in school. I kept trying after we graduated. Nothing happened. When Facebook came into our lives I started pestering her over there. I tried to get Gord to help. After a lot of false starts, in 2010 Amanda said she had the tape I was after. I rejoiced.
My rejoicing didn’t last long. I spent a month or two trying to arrange to get that tape from her. I offered to pay her just for showing up. It didn’t do any good. She was either noncommittal in her responses to my messages or she ignored me. She wouldn’t give me her phone number or her address, so I couldn’t go to her. I was stuck in limbo.
I nudged Gord into sending her some messages in 2014 and 2015 when we were working on STEW. He said he thought there might be some kinky business on the tape, explaining Amanda’s apparent reluctance to share it with either one of us. I told him to tell her I would give her the money to have a video place transfer the tape into a digital format herself, allowing her to snip out anything she didn’t want me to see. That didn’t do the trick either.
In 2017 I sent Amanda one last heartfelt message. I told her this was a piece of my musical history I felt incomplete without. I explained how much it would mean to me if I could somehow see it again. I also wanted to try and incorporate whatever archival material I could into the DIY documentary I was — and still am — making about YEAR OF THE SLEEPWALK. This stuff was the Holy Grail of archival material.
She wrote back and apologized for the long silence. She said she wasn’t sure what tapes I was on, but she was able to narrow it down to seven possibilities. Years ago she bought some equipment so she could transfer the tapes at home. Then her camera stopped working and she gave up. If I was willing to transfer the tapes myself, I could have all of them. All she asked for in return was that I make her copies of the digital files.
Gord was supposed to swing by her place and grab the tapes before bringing them to me. He couldn’t do a thing with them, and he sure as hell wasn’t going to help pay to have them transferred. He was just another barrier between them and me. It would have made a lot more sense for me to pick them up myself. I couldn’t do that. Amanda still wouldn’t give me her address or phone number.
I don’t like relying on other people for things like this, but I left it in Gord’s hands. He rewarded my trust by almost ruining what looked like my one real shot at a happy ending. The night he was supposed to pick up the tapes, he blew it off.
This is a guy who’s known me since I was fifteen years old. He knew how long I’d been trying to gain access to this material. He knew what it meant to me. And he couldn’t even take five minutes out of his beer-drinking time to make good on what he told me he was going to do. He didn’t care. It didn’t mean anything to him.
I was ready to end our friendship right there. Lucky for him, Amanda took time out of packing for a vacation to bring the tapes to his door, and he was forced to pass them on to me.
Victory at last? No. Not quite.
I paid Unique Video Systems to convert all those 8mm tapes into MP4 files. I found some great footage I didn’t know existed — some of it featuring a skinny, beardless teenage version of me. But the Air Jam footage wasn’t there.
I told Amanda. She dug up some more tapes. This time I wasn’t on any of them.
I was discouraged but not defeated. There was still the matter of the second tape — the one filmed by the school.
I emailed John Vacratsis. He was a teacher involved in all kinds of art and media-related things at Walkerville during my time there. If anyone was going to know anything about the tape or its whereabouts, it was probably going to be him.
This was the crappiest of crapshoots. I didn’t have a great relationship with Vacratsis when I was a student. He seemed to resent me for not taking any of the music classes he taught, going my own way instead of letting him develop me into another talent Walkerville could be proud of, and he once chewed me out for some material he found offensive on a collage I made for grade twelve English class.
(That our English teacher, who was really a transplanted drama teacher, would have us making collages like children and answering questions about movies untethered to anything in the curriculum so he would have something to base our grades on without having to teach anything that resembled an English class — that was the more alarming issue to me than some goofy thing I put on a collage. But never mind.)
I expected Mr. V to remember me as a troublemaker if he remembered me at all. It didn’t matter. I would play nice in an email and see if it got me anywhere.
To my amazement, it did. He sent me a very kind response and tried to help as much as he could. He gave me the names of media students who might have been operating cameras on that day, he gave me the name of a media teacher who was still teaching at Walkerville, and he wished me luck in my epic quest.
I felt a renewed sense of purpose. Now I had something solid to work with.
One film student said he remembered my performance but didn’t know where the tape might be. The others ignored me. I wrote a letter to the media teacher outlining my plight, with a few albums included as thanks, and left it for him at the front desk.
Stepping inside my high school for the first time in almost nineteen years was a bizarre experience. I was happy to see they now had an upright piano in the hall and anyone was welcome to play it. I sat down and noodled a little. There wasn’t much volume or tone there, but hey, a real piano is a real piano.
Something about being there made me angry. No one was unpleasant. No one ogled at the long-haired bearded guy who was way too old to be a student. I don’t even have that many bad memories from high school, so it wasn’t a matter of old hurts coming back to haunt me. Believe it or not, I wasn’t an outcast or a loner. I was one of those odd students who managed to become popular and well-liked by refusing to be anything other than myself.
Maybe it was just one of those days.
Mr. Allison — the media teacher — sent a very thoughtful email in response to my letter. A lot of people probably would have blown me off, but he did some detective work on my behalf. What he found out wasn’t encouraging. In the days before they had digital video equipment, the school would routinely reuse and record over existing tapes instead of buying new stock. Everything pointed to the Air Jam tape being one of many victims of this recycling program.
This was it. The end of the road. There was no one left to talk to, no lead left to follow, and there were no tapes left to digitize. I was a few hundred bucks poorer and no closer to that Holy Grail footage. There was no reason left to believe it still existed. I had to accept that maybe I just wasn’t meant to ever see it again. Maybe all my efforts had been for nothing.
A few weeks ago I got a message from Amanda. She told me some things that did a lot to explain her apparent standoffishness over the years (I always assumed she never liked me; turns out it had nothing to do with me). She also told me she found three more tapes while going through some things in her basement. She didn’t know what was on them, and she thought it was mostly personal stuff, but she figured it was worth sharing them with me just in case.
I brought those tapes to Unique Video Systems and got my MP4 files. I went through them at home. The first tape had footage from Amanda’s trip to visit a post-high school boyfriend in 2002. The second tape was full of video messages she made for that same boyfriend and some bits of her hanging out with a few friends. I took a look at what was on the third tape and braced myself for more disappointment.
I saw some chunks of what looked like high school performances. I jumped to a random place in the video and landed on an image of myself seated at a digital piano, wearing a black t-shirt and blue jeans, and I knew at once what this was.
The 2000 Air Jam. The Holy Grail.
This is what I’ve been chasing for my entire adult life. There was no reason to believe I would ever find it. Now I have it on my hard drive. The absurdity of it all is still sinking in.
I’d chalk that up to the best $61 I’ve ever spent.
Some backstory might help explain why this footage means so much to me, and why unearthing it feels a bit like winning the lottery.
Gord and I tried out for the Air Jam for the first time when we were in grade ten. The “brain” of my very tiny home studio was a Roland VS-880 digital mixer/hard disk recorder. I didn’t have a CD burner that was compatible with the mixer. We recorded a few passes at John Lennon’s “How Do You Sleep?” and the Clash’s “Should I Stay or Should I Go?” and I dubbed the best takes onto a cassette tape. A friend’s sister was part of the group of students organizing the show. I gave the tape to him to give to her.
We didn’t get in.
Later that same school year, a few other students announced they were putting together something they called an Arts Night. It was really just an after-hours Air Jam. Gord and I auditioned in the music room. We did a rowdy version of “Sweet Jane” (the original Velvet Underground arrangement, not the Cowboy Junkies remake) and I did John Cale’s “Paris 1919” alone at the upright piano.
In those days I had this idea that playing cover songs was a better bet than playing my own material live. I’m not sure why. At least I had good taste in covers (I think). Before settling on those two songs, the Talking Heads track “Drugs” was another consideration.
We passed the audition with flying colours, but the students in charge didn’t feel like putting in the necessary work to make the show happen (sounds familiar, doesn’t it?). It died before it even got off the ground.
In grade eleven, Christian Masotti was one of the head organizers of the Air Jam. We were good friends. We respected each other as musicians. This time I knew I would make the cut. Auditioning would be little more than a formality.
My idea was to flesh Papa Ghostface out with another member or two. I had some classes with a guy named Isaac Osmer. I got the chance to jam with him a little when I played another John Cale song in the music room one morning before classes started. Mr. Ross kicked me out before the song could really get going, but Isaac seemed like a solid drummer and a nice person. When I suggested we do something together sometime, he said he was into it.
Then Christian and my pal Jesse almost sabotaged the whole thing.
Jesse wanted to put a band of his own together for the Air Jam. He wanted Adam Cohen on drums, Max Marshall on lead guitar, and me on bass. He had a song about a young boy losing his mind called “Something in the Attic”. After recording a whole slew of songs with Jesse that didn’t stray far from acoustic love song territory, I was kind of looking forward to being his bassist and rocking out a little on something dark and moody.
The Air Jam was supposed to happen at the end of March, but Jesse wanted some extra time to prepare. He had friends on Agora — Walkerville’s student council, named for the public square in Athens circa 500 BC. He pulled some strings and convinced Christian and the other Air Jam organizers to put on two shows instead of one. He claimed he needed the extra time to study and get some of his grades up.
No one believed that story for a second, but he got what he wanted.
Two shows didn’t sound like such a bad idea at first. Christian told me the plan was to keep the first show at the end of March. This one would focus on solo performers. Students strumming acoustic guitars and wailing cover songs, Faith Hill clones singing to pre-recorded country music on cassette tape, and the like. Two months down the road, the second show would be for full bands and performers who wrote original material. This way everyone would have a chance to shine.
With that kind of structure, it seemed to me the first show would be boring beyond belief and all the good stuff would land in the second one. I told Christian I was putting a band together and had no problem pulling double duty in the second show, backing Jesse up in his band before stepping into the spotlight with mine. Even if we didn’t get anyone aside from Isaac to play with us, Gord could move over to bass and I could play guitar or keyboard. I thought a drummer would give our music a whole new punch.
When the lineups for both shows were posted on the bulletin board in the hall, I did a mental double-take. It wasn’t at all what Christian told me to expect. Neither show had any real theme or focus. Bands, karaoke singers, and solo acoustic performers were thrown together with no apparent thought given to who went where.
Jesse was in the second show. I got bumped to the first one against my will. I didn’t have Jesse’s connections. There were no strings for me to pull. And it was March already, so there would be no time to get tight with Isaac now.
Hot on the heels of that foul-smelling revelation, I learned I wasn’t going to be playing bass with Jesse anymore. Max never showed up for rehearsals. Instead of moving forward with a three-piece band, Jesse decided he would go up there alone with an acoustic guitar.
My first impulse was to drop out of the Air Jam as an act of protest. Between Jesse’s machinations and Christian’s shitty organizational skills, I felt like I’d been painted into a corner for no good reason. Then I got a better idea. I would repurpose my frustration and blow it out of my system during our performance. Maybe it would just be the two of us on the stage, but that didn’t mean we couldn’t pull out all the stops.
“Fuck ‘em,” I said to Gord. “If they’re going to screw up our plans, we’ll give them something to remember us by.”
The song we chose to perform was “Pacing the Cage”. It was the first song Gord and I ever wrote together. We ran through it once and knew we wouldn’t have to run through it again. It was in our blood.
There was one mini-rehearsal at school where everyone played truncated versions of the songs they were going to play at the show. They cut us off halfway through “Pacing the Cage”, just as I was starting to ramp up my voice.
The day of the first Air Jam show, Gord and I slipped into the auditorium after lunch to see how things were going. There was only one mic stand on the stage. I asked Christian if they had any more. He said no. That wasn’t going to work with Gord playing acoustic guitar and me singing at the same time, and I was pretty sure there were other performers who would need more than one mic stand. I walked home and grabbed a few SM57s and mic stands of my own to lend to the cause. It was one of the many times living a two-minute walk away from school came in handy. I also grabbed my acoustic guitar, my harmonica, and my harmonica holder, though I had no idea what I might need them for.
There was no keyboard on the stage. Christian told me I would probably be able to borrow one from one of the music classes. A few teachers turned me away before someone told me I could use one of the two keyboards collecting dust in the back of their classroom. Jesse saw me and wished me luck in the show. Then he asked me what I was doing in his class. I told him I needed a digital piano for my performance.
“One of those is no good,” he said. “It’s got sticky keys.”
I thought I’d try them both. Neither keyboard had any internal speakers, so Jesse grabbed one, I grabbed the other, and we carried them to the auditorium along with a keyboard stand.
The one with sticky keys wouldn’t make a sound. The other one worked, but it only had sixty-one keys. It felt like a toy. The piano sound was thin and one-dimensional.
I tried to set it at a good volume so I wouldn’t have to mess with it later. Jesse climbed up on the stage, sat down at a drum kit that was set up behind me, and started playing. He noticed my harmonica.
“Can you play that thing?”
“Sort of,” I said. “I just play chords on it most of the time.”
“Play something, man!”
I blew a few chords into a microphone. Jesse laughed. “Is that all you can play?”
“It makes more sense when I’m playing the guitar or the piano at the same time.”
“Is it just you and Gord playing?” he asked me.
“Yeah, just the two of us. We were gonna get a drummer to play with us, but we were moved from the second show to the first. That threw things off a little.”
“I could have played drums for you. Why didn’t you ask me?”
“I never even thought to ask.”
“What’s your song like?”
I played a bit of “Pacing the Cage” for him. He hammered out a steady 4/4 rhythm. It was all wrong for the song. I tried to explain how I needed something more along the lines of a polyrhythmic funk beat, where the snare didn’t fall on the two and the four. He asked me to give him an example. I took his place behind the drums for a minute and showed him what I meant.
I moved back over to the keyboard. Jesse started playing the same 4/4 beat again.
“The song’s okay without drums,” I said. “It’s way too late to figure it out now anyway, and it wouldn’t sound right without bass. But thanks for the offer.”
When it was time for the show to start, I met up with Gord in a hallway that led to the stage wings. It dawned on me that I left my leather jacket on one of the chairs in the front row of the auditorium. I waited until Cerah Steele’s band finished their three-song set and made my move during the brief lull between acts.
Then this happened.
I’m almost positive that’s Matt Strukelj screaming, “John West!”
What you don’t see, because the camera didn’t catch it, is me approaching a guy who was sitting on my jacket and asking him if he could stand up for a second so I could grab it. He didn’t move. I asked him again. He looked at me like he didn’t know what words were. The people around him had to liberate it from beneath his uncomprehending body.
Back out in the hall, Christian was trying to get a handle on the chaos swirling around him. No one knew when they were going to get their turn to perform. A tentative list was taped to the door, but it was incomplete and subject to revision. First we were supposed to be the third-last act. Then we got pushed to second-last. We would have been dead last, but Steve Mitchell was slated to close the show.
All along we were told to prepare one song. Now Christian was telling me we might have five minutes, and we might have ten. He couldn’t offer a definitive answer one way or another.
“Pacing the Cage” was good for four or five minutes. There was no way to stretch it out to ten. Gord and I took our acoustic guitars to the outside of the front entrance of the auditorium where things were quieter, tuned up, and tried to figure something out. We had four full-length Papa Ghostface albums to draw from by now, plus the in-progress SHOEBOX PARADISE, but a lot of our songs were improvisations that were never revisited after we recorded them, and nothing jumped out at me as being appropriate for a school performance. What could we pull off with no time to practice?
We could do “Fatties”. That would be a hit with all the pot-smokers. But the vicious impressions of a few well-known teachers wouldn’t go over so well, nor would the sex talk. We’d be remembered for all the wrong reasons.
There was “Ballad of Bob and Marie”. It was simple enough. Just a few chords. I wasn’t sure how many students would appreciate a song that was little more than a vehicle for my Bob Dylan impression, but I thought I remembered most of the words from the initial improvisation.
Ballad of Bob and Marie (1999)
https://johnnywestmusic.files.wordpress.com/2019/07/ballad-of-bob-and-marie.mp3
We recorded this song for the double-CD HORSEMOUTH (AND OTHER BEDTIME STORIES) on August 17, 1999. It was the day after my sixteenth birthday, and twenty years to the day before the doomed Mackenzie Hall show was supposed to happen. We started out with a little live instrumental improv. I got a drum loop going on the Yamaha W-5, ran it through a distortion effect built into the synth, and played synth bass with my left hand and an atmospheric synth pad with my right. Gord made barking dog sounds with his electric guitar and a wah pedal. He brought over an old harmonica he had in the key of C, so I strapped it on and blew into it a little.
My grandfather was supposed to call me to wish me a happy belated birthday. I kept thinking I heard the phone ringing, so we would stop recording mid-improv only for me to discover it was the sound of the harmonica’s wheeze tricking my ears. After the third or fourth fake-out he really did call. Once I was done talking to him I thought it would be fun to treat the little instrumental jam as an intro and cut straight to a song that had nothing to do with it. I swapped out Gord’s harmonica for my own and did my best shouty young Bob Dylan impression. After we got down a live performance with me on acoustic guitar and Gord on electric, I overdubbed some shaker and shouted some distant backup vocals. Gord overdubbed acoustic bass.
I remixed this song about a week ago, just before I got sick. It had some serious issues, and if I was going to post it here I wanted it to sound as good as possible. Twenty years ago I knew almost nothing about mic placement, and I knew less than nothing about things like EQ and compression. I would stick an SM57 in front of anything with strings and hope for the best. No surprise then that the acoustic guitar and acoustic bass tracks were muddier than mud, and my vocal track got pretty out of control during some of the more forceful passages with nothing to tame it.
It’s pretty amazing what you can do with a VS-1680 to fix up a mediocre recording. “Ballad of Bob and Marie” was recorded on a VS-880-EX before I upgraded to the sixteen-track machine, so I had to import it into the 1680. Everything past that was smooth sailing. I was able to carve out all the low end mud with EQ. Some limiting got the acoustic guitar and bass sounding pretty crisp and controlled. A little EQ and compression on the vocal and it was sitting right in the pocket.
Everything was done “in the box”, and I left all the original effects intact. The chorus and reverb on the lead vocal felt essential. I didn’t want to do anything to alter the spirit or soul of the song. I just wanted to undo some old mistakes.
I can hardly believe how good I was able to make the acoustic guitar sound. It was a crappy instrument to begin with, even before my half-assed recording job. But the real shocker for me is the electric guitar. That’s not a real amp you’re hearing, and this was before the Digitech guitar effects box came into the picture. I plugged Gord’s B.C. Rich Virgin straight into the mixer and used one of the 1680’s built-in guitar amp modelling effects called “Vin.Tweed” (it’s supposed to emulate an overdriven 1950s tube amp). Everyone will tell you Roland’s speaker-modelling technology is beyond outdated now, but to me it sounds a lot more realistic than anything I ever got out of a POD.
I wish I’d thought to start backing up whole albums earlier in the game. I could give some of the early solo and Papa Ghostface CDs a whole new lease on life with just a little tasteful remixing. I did at least back up a few other songs from HORSEMOUTH. Though some of them are things I considered borderline filler at the time, it might be fun to revisit them and see if I can clean them up in a similar way.
I digress. We decided “Ballad of Bob and Marie” would be our second song if we needed one. A few minutes later Christian told me we were up next. We walked through the wings. Christian asked if we had enough material for ten minutes. I told him we did. We made our way onto the stage. I laid my guitar on the floor and sat down at the crummy keyboard I was stuck with. Gord sat down beside me. Christian helped us both set up our microphones. After making sure my vocal mic was working, I went off.
“All right!” I screamed. The audience screamed back. I felt like a psychotic low-rent preacher.
“I’d like to tell you something before we start,” I said. “Originally we wanted to put a band together, but because of time constraints and being shifted around and shifted around, we weren’t able to do so. That makes me angry! But maybe I’m not the only person in here who’s angry right now. Maybe some of you are angry! Maybe your boyfriend left you. Maybe your girlfriend left you. Maybe things aren’t going too well for you in general, ’cause ain’t life stink? And so, I want you to scream when I tell you to let it out at the end of this song. All right?”
We launched into a version of ‘Pacing the Cage’ that made the original recording sound like a lullaby. I slipped into the skin of the character narrating the song — an unrepentant killer who murders his unfaithful wife and her lover, relating the tale from prison not with pride or remorse, but with the belief that he was hardwired from birth to do something horrible and in committing these crimes he found his true purpose in life. My hands were shaking. Every time I hit a bad note I mashed the keys and went out of my way to hit every bad note I could. I twisted my voice into a guttural groan when I wasn’t screaming, pounding on the keyboard I hated until I was punching it more than I was playing it. In the absence of a music stand I balanced my lyric sheet on top of the keyboard. All the turbulence sent it flying to the floor.
When the lyrics ran out I addressed the audience again. “LET IT OUT!” I screamed, and a sea of voices screamed back at me. The song dissolved into dissonance and everyone went nuts. We got a standing ovation.
The Bob Dylan piss-take was a little anticlimactic after that, but I felt invincible even with my voice half-shot from the vocal cord brutality of the first song. If anything, the diminished vocal range probably helped my Dylan impression. I lost my pick inside the sound hole of my guitar mid-song and kept going, improvising new lyrics when the adrenaline wiped my brain clean. We got another standing ovation (well, half of one this time) and left the stage to thunderous applause.
Jesse appeared in the wings with a look of bewilderment on his face.
“THAT WAS FUCKING AMAZING!” he shouted at me, giving me a bear hug, my harmonica holder coming between our chests. “I love the way you play guitar! I love it!”
This was almost as shocking as the audience’s response to our performance, coming from someone who just a few months earlier was belittling my “fucking lap guitar” playing as if it was the lowest form of musical expression. For all of our musical differences and the tug-of-war we waged as collaborators (with Jesse trying to get me to write more conventional songs like him, and me trying to get him to let go and get a little weird), it felt like he got what I was doing and I managed to bring him over to the dark side, even if it was only for a moment.
“I gotta go,” Jesse said. “I just wanted to come back here and see you guys. Fuckin’ amazing.”
Then he was gone, and I was left with a buzz that wouldn’t go away. The afterglow seemed to extend throughout the entire school. Even Steve Mitchell got on board. He closed the show with Steph Sarafianos backing him up on guitar for a version of Van Morrison’s “Brown-Eyed Girl” that was rewritten as “Blue-Eyed Girl” in Steph’s honour.
The first thing he said when got onstage was, “How about that John West?” and everyone went crazy all over again.
The rest of that day is a bit of a blur to me now. I remember jumping up and down like a manic kangaroo in the hallway with Max and Paul Clairmont (at least I think it was them), feeling a natural high I didn’t know what to do with. I remember walking back to my house with Gord and talking for a minute to Amber Hughes, who was sitting cross-legged on the grass. I remember Gord saying, “She digs you, man.” I don’t think she did. She was just friendly.
That’s about it. The rest is gone, including the weekend that followed.
I wasn’t unpopular before that performance, but it seemed to catapult me once and for all into the realm of “those who are considered cool”. The thing that strikes me now is what an out-there performance it was. There’s no guarantee an audience is going to stick with you when you do something that confrontational and unconventional. It wasn’t even a great musical performance from a technical standpoint. It was more about the energy. And to the great credit of that group of students, they were with me every step of the way. I could feel it. Maybe I tapped into some universal angst pretty much everyone feels at that age. I don’t know.
Even some of the teachers got into it. On the Monday after the show, Mr. Zawadski — my math teacher in grades nine and ten — pulled me aside on my way to society class and said, “I have to tell you, John, I really enjoyed your performance. There’s a market for that, you know. It’s avant-garde!”
Along with the grade eight talent show, it was one of the formative musical events of my life. To play your own material live, to do nothing to compromise it or make it more palatable for an audience, and to have a bunch of teenagers — in some ways the most difficult age group to impress — respond like that…there’s nothing quite like it.
I see now that everything going wrong was a blessing in disguise. If things had gone my way and we’d been able to put a larger band together, I’m sure we would have given a good performance. But it probably wouldn’t have turned into interactive musical theatre. It took a perfect storm of inconveniences and injustices to get me pissed off enough to take command of the room the way I did. People still remember that Air Jam performance to this day, which is insane to me.
The second Air Jam show in May was a complete disaster. Half the scheduled performers skipped out on the event, forcing the few who did show up to stretch themselves pretty thin as the emcees improvised lame banter to fill up time. It made the March show look like the best-organized event in the universe. The audience got bored, with a lot of students shuffling out of the auditorium while the show was still going on. Best of all, Jesse — the guy who pressured the organizers into putting on a second show in the first place — didn’t even show up.
I was able to put a full band together for the 2001 Air Jam, but that’s another story for another time.
Now, I know what you’re thinking. You’re thinking, “If you can see the value of turning adversity to your advantage in a situation like the 2000 Air Jam performance, why didn’t you do the same thing with the Mackenzie Hall show?”
I’m not the same person I was in March of 2000. I watch that footage now and the raw energy on the screen almost scares me. I had a lot of anger taking up space inside of me, most of which stemmed from hearing what a piece of shit I was all the time from certain family members who have been dead to me for a number of years now. I used it as creative fuel on a regular basis. And I was fearless on a stage. You could have chopped off one of my fingers and I would have kept on going and incorporated it into the performance.
I don’t have that wellspring of boundless energy anymore. I also feel like I’ve been fighting against one form of bullshit or another in this city’s music scene ever since I got out of high school, from complete indifference, to being treated as a novelty, to being misrepresented, misunderstood, and lied about by talentless coattail-riding douchebags with agendas.
Even this album I’ve been working on forever has had its share of setbacks. Sure, it’s been a grand adventure. It’s also been another thing: a profound test of my patience, my resilience, and my ability to absorb one rejection after another. You know how many people in this city ignored me, blew me off, flaked out on me, or stood me up on my way to getting almost thirty singers/musicians and a dozen visual artists to contribute to the album?
EIGHTY-TWO.
Many of those eighty-two people claim to have an immense amount of respect for me and what I do. And that’s just Windsor people. I tried to bend my own self-imposed rule and involve some talented folks from Detroit and other not-so-far-flung places, with disastrous results.
For every singer I got to show up and sing on something, another ten either never acknowledged me or made a commitment to work with me only to come up with some bogus excuse to use as a last-minute escape clause. My favourite, though it’s hard to choose, is probably the singer who spent more than half a year sitting with a song and telling me it was right in her wheelhouse, only to claim she forgot her own vocal range the day we were supposed to record. It takes a special kind of idiot to come up with a story like that. It must have taken me twenty horn players to find two or three who would talk to me. And I lost count of how many visual artists said they were enthusiastic about contributing to the lyric booklet and then never spoke to me again no matter how many times I tried to follow up with them.
Maybe it isn’t surprising that for all the guests appearing on the album, more than half the songs still feature me doing everything on my own. If I’d been crazy enough to put an actual band together to play on every song, there wouldn’t be an album. You can’t work with people who won’t show up.
I’m proud of the songs I’ve written and the performances I’ve been able to get out of a colourful cast of characters. It might end up being one of my best albums when all is played and sung. And I won’t ever do anything like it again. I can’t tell you how much I’m looking forward to banging out a guest-free album inside of a few months, the way I used to do it, once this thing is out of the way.
Really, it comes down to a very simple thing — I’m tired. Tired of fighting an uphill battle against a music community that, for the most part, never wanted me around in the first place. Tired of eating shit. Tired of a lifetime of rejection from people who are too apathetic or self-important to have a conversation with someone who isn’t already a part of their selective inner circle.
I want to make music and live my life. That’s it. I don’t have any energy left for the other garbage.
I hope cancelling the show sends a message to the musicians who forced my hand. I take this stuff seriously. I always have. I always will. If you can’t come to the table with at least some degree of reverence, you have no business pulling up a chair.
Note: if you’re wondering why I didn’t post the Air Jam footage, it’s because I feel I’ve already shared more bits than I should have from the SLEEPWALK documentary thing and I’d like to keep at least a few surprises up my sleeve. I’ll probably come back and put it up here once that’s done.
Posted in ear candy, ghosts from the past, musings in the key of crab dip, night and the city, random rant/tirade, recording, something to viddy on July 15, 2019 by johnnywestmusic. Leave a comment
We’re #1.
In early 2015 I thought I’d try submitting a song to CJAM’s Singles Club just to see what happened.
The way the Singles Club works, in brief: artists from Windsor and Detroit are invited to submit new songs every month. These songs go on a compilation CD everyone at CJAM has access to. DJs play the songs they like best, and at the end of the month the results are tabulated and the single with the most airplay gets bragging rights and a mention on the CJAM website.
The song I turned in almost five years ago was “The Devil Wants His Car Back” from STEW. The album wasn’t finished yet, but I was happy enough with the mix of the song I had (not a final mix, as it turned out) to let it go out into the world as a little sneak peak at what was coming.
In hindsight it was probably an odd thing to choose to represent the album. I don’t think anyone played it. I know for a fact it didn’t chart. Above is a picture I borrowed from someone’s Twitter archives, offering proof of an accidental GWD reunion of sorts (Tyson played drums with The Apex, making this a compilation that featured all three key members of my weird little teenage band, even if we weren’t all playing together).
All this time later, I thought it would be fun to submit the song Tara sang on and see if there was a different outcome. I knew it was getting some airplay, but I wasn’t expecting it to top the chart. Thanks to everyone at the station who’s been spinning it.
Speaking of CJAM, they’re in the middle of an emergency fundraising drive designed to offset some of the funding they stand to lose thanks to Doug Ford’s Student Choice Initiative. I’m going to be stopping by the station to hang out with Brady this afternoon at 2:30. You can listen live over here if you’re interested. You might hear the on-air debut of another unheard song from YEAR OF THE SLEEPWALK. If you miss it, you can always check out the MP3 archives later on.
Posted in clothing-free self-promotion on June 4, 2019 by johnnywestmusic. Leave a comment
The grass is greener when you don’t cut it every day.
When you make music and you work in a room that has never been the beneficiary of any kind of acoustic treatment, you sometimes find yourself subject to the whims of the world around you. Aside from the odd nightmarish situation like the D’amore Construction debacle that ate up huge chunks of 2016 and 2017, I haven’t had a lot of my recording time interrupted by outside noise in this particular house. But lately the amount of people cutting their grass on an almost daily basis has been getting a little out of control. It’s left me wondering if some of these folks have lives outside of obsessing over the incremental growth of their lawns.
I was expecting Detroit’s Movement Festival to make me almost long for the sound of renegade lawnmowers. Every year an interminable low frequency 4/4 electronic kick drum thrum carries across the river and makes it impossible for me to sleep for three days straight. I like some electronic music an awful lot, and I don’t begrudge anyone their right to listen to whatever music they want at whatever volume they prefer, but I don’t think I should have to hear it in my house. Now that I’m locked into a sleep schedule that’s both consistent and healthy for the first time in eons, I’m wary of anything that might threaten to knock things off-balance again. I don’t ever want to go back to being a vampire if I can help it.
I don’t know what on earth happened this year, but for once the residual noise from the festival was almost nonexistent. The first day I heard the usual thing.
Boom boom boom boom boom boom boom boom.
It wasn’t constant, so I was at least able to get some broken sleep until it stopped a little past midnight. The next two days there was nothing. I can’t find any information online that points to a sound system failing or a power outage, so I can only guess that the organizers of the event got tired of people from Windsor complaining and decided to turn it down a little or angle the speakers so they weren’t pointed right at us. Or maybe it was a cosmic fluke. Either way, I’ll take it.
It still needs to be said: when you’re playing music loud enough for me to hear it five miles and a river away from you, something isn’t right. I can understand wanting to “feel the bass”, I guess, but how about keeping your ears in reasonable working condition? If it’s that loud over here, I don’t even want to know how loud it is in Detroit. And something tells me not a lot of people are wearing earplugs to protect themselves.
I started out talking about recording, didn’t I? Right. Here’s a pro tip for you: if you’re going to play something resembling an album release show, it’s a good idea to have the album finished before you book the date. Time is flying, August 17 isn’t so far away anymore, and there’s still a lot of work I need to do on YEAR OF THE SLEEPWALK.
I was in a position a bit like this once before with an album called GIFT FOR A SPIDER. I had to finish that one while rehearsing for a Mackenzie Hall show that ended up supporting it almost by default. It was easy enough. This album is a little more complicated, and more than twice as long. Not so easy.
The good news is I’m closer to being done than I thought I was. A few days ago I sat down and hashed the whole thing out. I’ve recorded one hundred and twenty-four songs for this album (yikes). I’ve had a pretty good idea which ones were making the cut for a while now, but the thought of trying to put them in an order that made some amount of sense was pretty intimidating. After forcing myself to take an honest stab at it, I’ve got a rough sequence that comes out to fifty-two songs spread across two CDs. I know it’s going to shift at least a little, and a few of those songs might get lopped off because of time constraints, but having a clearer picture of the album’s structure makes a huge difference. Now I feel much more focused, with a better idea of what I need to work on.
Of those fifty-two “keeper” songs, thirty-five exist as either rough mixes or mixes I feel good enough about to leave alone, sixteen need some work, and one still needs to be recorded.
There are probably at least twenty other songs I’d like to record. Given the amount of time I have to work with, it just isn’t realistic. If I let myself fall down that rabbit hole we’d be looking at a maxed-out triple-CD. The four-hour album slot has already been reserved for THE ANGLE OF BEST DISTANCE. I want this one to be at least a little more approachable than that behemoth.
The show is a little less than eighty days away. If I’m diligent, that’s more than enough time to get everything squared away. I’ve at least found a printing place that seems to be competent and reliable, so that’s one less thing to worry about.
A quick note about that:
The Minuteman Press ridiculousness was only the beginning of my printing-related fun. After A&A fared no better, I gave both Lacasse and Standard Printing a try.
Lacasse never gave me a quote, and three different people had to search the manager’s office for the booklet and insert I dropped off as a sample, with said manager nowhere to be found. They all came up empty-handed. By the time they dug up my materials I didn’t even want to know how much they would charge.
I had a much better feeling about Standard Printing. It’s a long-standing family-run business. I like supporting those places when I can. Again, it wasn’t to be. It took forever to get a proof, and when I asked if I could have the afternoon to look it over — something I’ve been doing with every printing job I’ve paid for over the last sixteen years — the woman I was dealing with got snippy and condescending with me, acting like my request was way out of line. Turned out someone working there wasn’t very good at following instructions. They went ahead and printed the whole run of booklets and inserts before I gave my go-ahead. She didn’t want me to see something I didn’t like and put her in a situation where she had to eat it.
I could have lived with their prices, which were pretty outrageous, but I’m not going to shut up and fork over my money to make up for someone else’s oversight. And if you’re going to talk to me like I’m a piece of shit when I’ve asked to be extended the same basic courtesy as any other customer, you don’t deserve my business.
A friend recommended Herald Press. On my fifth try it looks like I’ve found a place I can deal with. I got them to reprint the booklets and inserts for STEW as a test. Those turned out well, and the price was fantastic. Then I had them make a few prints of some art Greg Maxwell made for the SLEEPWALK booklet. Same story there. The plan now is to get all of the remaining album-related artwork printed in one shot so I’ve got prints of everything to display at the show. It’s pretty great to see these things at their intended size. I’ve got half a mind to put some of my favourites up on a wall in the stock room. I mean, how many people can say they’ve got a room full of (mostly) local art that was made just for them?
That’s the scoop over here. I’ll try to post a bit more often so I can hold myself accountable as the sand really starts pouring out of the hourglass.
Posted in sorting things out on May 31, 2019 by johnnywestmusic. Leave a comment
There’s nobody here.
On Tuesday we paid a visit to Mackenzie Hall to take a few pictures and shoot a bit of test footage in preparation for the August extravaganza. I wanted to see how the Canon T5i would do in the Court Auditorium with whatever light was available.
It turned out to be a bit of a wasted experiment. We had no access to the pot lights we’ll have the night of the show, and there was little to work with outside of the sunlight leaking in through the windows. Even in these conditions the camera’s stock lens acquitted itself better than I expected it to, and Johnny Smith was kind enough to take some pictures of me pretending to sleep in various different positions. Stretching out on a row of chairs and making them into an improvised bed is more comfortable than you might think.
It was surreal being in that room again. I guess eight years of distance will do that to you. It’s more spacious than I remembered. Fitting a whole lot of musicians in there isn’t going to be a problem. And it’s pretty neat to hear your voice halfway disappear into the natural reverb when there are no other bodies filling the room and soaking up some of the sound.
I’ve been searching for someone to film this show since 2015. I wasn’t even sure the show was going to happen back then, but I wanted to get that side of things squared away just in case.
What I’ve learned and experienced in that time doesn’t flatter this city’s filmmaking community at all. My main takeaway has been this: almost everyone is all about the money. Not making art. Not having an opportunity to collaborate with other artists. Not building a unique body of work. Just money. If they don’t think they’re going to be able to squeeze as much out of you as they want, you’re nothing to them but a waste of time.
How bad is it? Make yourself a bowl of popcorn and I’ll tell you. I’m not going to name any names, but some of these interactions need to be preserved. You know, for the history books.
At first I couldn’t get most of the filmmakers I contacted to acknowledge me at all. One of the few people who did respond to an email told me he refused to film anything at Mackenzie Hall because it didn’t look exciting enough on camera. He wouldn’t quote me a price. He told me if I grew a brain and decided to put on the show at a cooler place like The Olde Walkerville Theatre maybe he’d be interested. Otherwise, there was no point in the two of us having a conversation. The condescension was so thick my internet connection almost gagged on it.
And yet…in 2012 this same person directed a five-minute “film” documenting the making of the first album by now-defunct Windsor group The Walkervilles. Guess where it was filmed?
Mackenzie Hall.
I had to guess at the amount of money I would need to pay a filmmaker when I was putting my grant proposal together. It wasn’t until a few months ago that I was finally able to get people to start talking to me with some level of consistency, and when that happened it made me miss those glorious years of being ignored by everyone.
One guy wanted all of the grant money and a few thousand more. He did offer to cut me a deal, though. For $1,500 he said he would film the show and give me a final edit that was two minutes long.
Two minutes.
That would be like me recording an album for someone and then giving them a CD not with full songs on it, but three-second snippets of each track. The end result wouldn’t be worth $15, never mind $1,500.
You can probably guess what I wanted to say to that guy. I bit my tongue and swallowed a river of blood instead. It wasn’t worth it.
Another person showed up at the house and told me he had no idea who I was, had never heard of me, hadn’t heard a lick of my music, and only knew what a few friends told him when he mentioned my name, which amounted to, “Johnny’s a genius and you’re lucky to have an audience with him” (their words, not mine).
This is how he made use of that audience. First he bragged about big money jobs he was involved in and B-list celebrities he knew. Then, when I handed him a stack of CDs and it struck him that I wasn’t some clueless hobbyist, the gloves came off. For three hours he lectured me on what I should be doing with my music and why everything I do is wrong. He told me I was selfish for hiding it from the world. He told me no one was going to knock on my door and ask for some of my CDs (someone really did do that once, but he wasn’t going to be distracted by details like that). He said making all of this music and sharing it with so few people was akin to having a massive library of books that was inaccessible to the public. He said the work had no intrinsic value if it wasn’t available for everyone to hear.
The best part came when he brought up Martin Shkreli — the hunk of human waste who paid two million dollars for the one existing copy of the Wu-Tang Clan album Once Upon a Time in Shaolin (don’t even get me started on the idiocy of that whole enterprise).
“Let’s say someone came here,” filmmaker dude said, “and offered you two million dollars to buy this album you’ve been working on for the last five years with all these different people on it. The catch was, once they gave you the money the album was going to be locked away forever and no one would ever hear it. What would you do?”
Two million dollars is a life-changing amount of money. But an incredible amount of work has gone into this album. I think it’s home to some of the best songs I’ve written and some of the best work I’ve done as a singer, musician, producer, arranger, and recording engineer.
It’s been a profound test of my resilience. A staggering amount of people ignored, rejected, or flaked out on me on my way to assembling the supporting cast. More than once I wrote a song for a specific person to sing, only to find myself forced to find someone else to sing it in their place when they came up with some bogus last-minute excuse to get out of doing what they told me they would do. The frustration has been worth wading through, though, because a lot of great people have contributed some beautiful musical performances and pieces of visual art, and almost all of them have done it for no renumeration.
The whole thing has been one of the great artistic adventures of my life. And while sharing my music isn’t what gives it value for me, a lot of friends have been looking forward to absorbing the culmination of all of this work for a long time now.
If I took that money and threw the album in the garbage — because that’s what I’d really be doing — I would probably be set for the rest of my life if I played it smart. I would also be miserable. I would feel like the world’s biggest sellout, flushing five years of my life down the toilet in exchange for some smelly paper. I imagine I’d fall into a deep creative slump. I might stop making music altogether.
So, as stupid as it might sound, I would say no to the massive payday offered to me by this hypothetical stranger. My artistic integrity is worth more to me than any amount of money, and as I’m so fond of reminding everyone in my album liner notes, my music is not for sale.
All of this is what I told him, more or less.
“That’s a beautiful answer,” he said. “And it’s a fucking lie. You’d take the money, and then you’d go in that fucking room and you’d make another fucking album, because that’s what you fucking do.”
At this point he was shouting at me. I mean full-on belting, on the edge of screaming. Words can’t convey the unique horror of having a stranger yell at you in your own home, claiming to know everything about you after admitting they don’t know the first thing about you.
Around the fourth hour of our visit he brought up filming the show for the first time. We talked a bit about it, but by then he’d talked himself out of the job several times over.
I started thinking there were only two scenarios that would work out in my favour. I either had to find someone who was so passionate about the idea of the show that they were willing to set aside their ego and cut me a deal, or I had to find someone who was inexperienced enough that they would look at this as a portfolio-building opportunity and charge a more reasonable amount of money to reflect that.
I found both of those people. Not that it did me any good.
Option A arrived in the form of a filmmaker who said he would be willing to film the show for free if I didn’t get the grant, and if the grant did come through, he would do it for an amount of money that wasn’t grotesque. He said all the right things. Then he went home, checked his calendar, and said, “Uh…it looks like I’m not going to be in town the day of your show or the dress rehearsal, so I can’t do this after all. Sorry.”
(Maybe you could have checked your schedule before you sat down with me and all but committed to the project, huh?)
Option B was a guy my friend Rob Fraser found. He said he would film and edit the show for such a low price it made my head spin. Then he disappeared. We came to find out he sold all of his film equipment and decided he no longer had any interest in filmmaking as a career or a creative pursuit.
It looked like my best bet was going to be investing in another good camera and filming the show myself.
Then Dave Konstantino, who was trying to help me find someone sane and interested in filming the show, said, “You know what…this is ridiculous. I’ll just film it for you myself.”
Unlike all of the other people I talked to (or tried to talk to), I’ve known Dave for a long time. I know he understands and respects what I do. From the work he’s done with Greg Maxwell for the CJAM Sessions video series, I know he knows what he’s doing. And he’s got extra lighting if we end up needing it.
Talk about a relief. It’s so much easier dealing with someone you know you can trust, instead of hoping someone who has no real interest or emotional investment in what you’re doing won’t screw it up. And if I have to, I’ll just edit the raw footage myself. I’ve done enough video editing over the years to get a pretty good handle on that side of things.
Now I need to start looking at putting a setlist together so we’ve got something well-defined to work on during rehearsals. Good luck with that, self.
Posted in musings in the key of crab dip, random rant/tirade on May 17, 2019 by johnnywestmusic. Leave a comment
Give us this day our first-ever grant.
I’m proud and a little bewildered to share this bit of news: I’ve received a generous Arts, Culture, and Heritage Fund grant from the City of Windsor to help fund the production of an ambitious live show featuring many of the artists I’ve been fortunate enough to work with in recent years.
Ever since YEAR OF THE SLEEPWALK became something more than a vague idea, I’ve had this crazy dream to release the album at a Mackenzie Hall show inspired by The Band’s Last Waltz. The idea was to have a pretty large core band in place. We would play some of my songs. At some point a guest would come up and take the spotlight for a song on the album that featured them. Maybe they would also perform a few of their own songs with me backing them up. Then someone else would come up, the same thing would happen again, and it would go on happening until everyone — or almost everyone — was sharing the performance space at the same time and making a huge communal racket.
I thought it was a pipe dream at best. I knew it would be expensive to make the show what I wanted it to be. I’d have to find someone to film it. And my chances of getting all the musicians I wanted on board were pretty slim. Still, it was fun to toy with the possibilities, and whenever I mentioned the idea to anyone they seemed excited about it.
In January I had a little unexpected brain drizzle. Ron got an ACHF grant to support the recording of his soon-to-be-released new album (the one I produced and played a bunch of stuff on). I started thinking maybe I had a shot at getting a grant to cover some of the costs involved in putting on this hypothetical show. The financial assistance would allow me to pay the musicians something fair without killing myself. It would give me a budget to get the thing filmed at a level of professionalism that would otherwise be beyond my reach. It would even help to offset some promotional expenses, like getting posters printed and planting demonic messages in the cell phone ring tones of strangers.
I only had a few weeks to work with before the deadline, so I threw myself into the process of applying for a grant for the first time in my life. I made a curriculum vitae. That was a strange experience. I dug up and scanned old newspaper articles from that brief time when The Windsor Star deemed me important enough to pay attention to. When I learned it wasn’t possible to submit any physical materials, I made a whole mini-website from scratch to serve as a preview of both the album and the show. I wrote and rewrote my proposal until it felt like it was tight as a drum. And I solicited letters of support — something the ACHF requires you to do when you’re not a corporation.
I thought I’d try to cover as many bases as I could. I asked Dale Jacobs (professor and published author), Brady Holek (CJAM station manager), Kelly Hoppe (one of the higher-profile musicians I’ve worked with), and Dan MacDonald (AM 800 and The River DJ/radio personality) if they would be willing to write letters for me. All of them said yes without any hesitation.
I was expecting to get a paragraph or two of generic back-slapping. Those expectations were obliterated. Some of the things these people wrote made the hair on the back of my neck stand up. The passion and respect they expressed for me and what I do was kind of overwhelming.
Really, the outpouring of support from everyone I asked for any kind of help was pretty incredible. Rob Fraser and Johnny Smith wrote letters clarifying their roles in helping to make the show a reality (Rob is handling the audio recording side of things, and the Smithster is doing a little bit of everything). Rob, Ron, and Greg Maxwell all offered great advice that helped me to shape my proposal. Cathy Masterson, my Cultural Affairs contact, was patient and helpful beyond all reason. Merry Ellen Scully and Joey Ouellette were wonderful to deal with at Mackenzie Hall, as they always are. And I owe an immense amount of gratitude to Michelle Soullière. I asked if she had any advice to offer, knowing she had a lot of experience with this sort of thing. My proposal wouldn’t have been half as strong as it was without her help.
I had a good feeling about this from the moment I submitted all my materials online. That isn’t like me. I tried to temper the optimism with some more realistic ideas about my chances, but the good feeling would not be defeated. It didn’t make it any less surprising when I got an email telling me I got the grant. It’s a pretty cool feeling when a jury that has no vested interest in you at all determines you’re worthy of their support.
The craziest thing of all is the people I’ve managed to snag for the show. I swung for the fences and asked the musicians and singers in Windsor I would want playing and singing with me if my life was on the line. I didn’t expect everyone to say yes.
Everyone said yes.
My trombonist backed out when I sent a message to re-confirm his involvement, so my dream of a three-piece horn section is no more. But it’s no big thing. I mean, check out this lineup.
(This is a placeholder poster I made myself. I’m hoping to have a Greg Maxwell special to spread around in the next month or two so I won’t have to use this one. Still, it’ll give you an idea of what’s going down.)
I didn’t want to put a conventional band together and try to recreate album arrangements in a live setting. That would be boring. What I wanted to do was get some of my favourite people and players together in one place, and then see what kind of energy there would be. We haven’t had our first proper rehearsal yet, but I think there’s the potential for some pretty fascinating textural things to happen with two horns, violin, cello, and everything else going on there.
That’s not all. The artwork created for the album booklet will be displayed, and then the prints will be donated back to the artists who created the imagery that adorns them. It’s the least I can do to thank those people for donating their talents to the cause. Free copies of the album will be available for whoever wants them. There will be free non-alcoholic things to drink and munch on. No vodka-infused crackers, I’m sorry to say.
Free handshakes and hugs will have to be negotiated on a case-by-case basis. I tend to be pretty generous with that stuff. As long as you don’t try to grab my flounder fish, we shouldn’t have a problem.
Though I think this part goes without saying by now, it’s going to be a free, all-ages show. It’s happening at Mackenzie Hall on Saturday, August 17 — the day after my birthday. It felt too poetic not to snag that date.
I need to do everything I can to keep things in check now that I’ve somehow managed to convert my sleep schedule to that of a normal human being, so it’ll be a pretty early show for a Saturday evening thing. The music will start at 7:00 p.m. and we’ll probably wrap up around 9:00 at the latest. If there’s anything else you’d like to do with your Saturday night, you’ll have time leftover to make it happen. Want to go pretzel-bowling with your friends? You can still do that!
One thing I can’t stress enough: when I say the music starts at 7:00, I mean it really starts at 7:00. Not 7:30. Not 8:00. I know a lot of people are incapable of showing up on time for anything. A lot of live shows start late to account for all the latecomers. I hate that crap, and I refuse to participate in it. I can understand extreme situations, but being “fashionably late” isn’t cool anymore.
I might wait until ten or fifteen minutes past the hour to accommodate a few stragglers. That’s as far as my goodwill is going to stretch. Show up an hour late at your own peril, knowing if you do you’ll miss half the show and you’ll have no one to blame but yourself.
Anyway. If a wild musical extravaganza with me acting as the ringleader is something you think you’d enjoy, you might want to save the date.
Posted in and for that we should all be thankful, clothing-free self-promotion, night and the city, something to look at on May 1, 2019 by johnnywestmusic. Leave a comment
Re-Make/Re-Model.
Since moving into this house a little less than twelve years ago, a former bedroom has served as my stock room. It’s where I keep CD booklets and inserts, mailing supplies, spare copies of albums, and other such things.
Over the years it’s gone through a number of transformations, alternating between “more or less uncluttered” and “total chaos”. It’s probably been nine years since I last sat down and organized things in any sensible way. I’ve just been throwing more and more stuff in there, hoping it wouldn’t get too unruly.
My hope was in vain. For a while now it’s been almost impossible to take more than two steps into that room without tripping over something. It was time for a change.
The picture at the top of this post is from somewhere around the halfway point of the room being gutted and reorganized — something I did with a whole lot of help from the indispensable Johnny Smith. I’m a little sad I wasn’t crafty enough to grab a shot of what it looked like in there before we got started. Words can’t do justice to what a horrifying mess it was.
I’ve never been any good at throwing things out. I’m a bit of an emotional packrat. I attach nostalgic value to items that should be chucked in the trash without a second thought or invent some impossible scenario in which they might prove useful at some later date. It’s not so bad that you’ll ever see me show up on a reality show about hoarding, but we filled at least four large garbage bags with stuff that served no purpose and liberated no less than half a dozen boxes full of similarly useless stuff.
There were some fun surprises along the way. I dug up a stash of random blank CDs I didn’t know I had. I found extra inserts for some albums I thought I was running low on. And there’s this thing — a homemade album display case I made for my own amusement.
One decision transformed the whole room. I’ve always used this beautiful antique coffee table to keep all my copied and printed CDs together. It found its way into the stock room because we didn’t know where else to put it. Now it felt almost criminal to keep something so unique covered up like this…and there just happened to be a huge shelf taking up space in the basement, doing nothing, feeling unloved.
Out went the table, in came the shelf, a bamboo vase I’ve always loved but never known what to do with found a home at last, I cleared everything off of the desk and the shelf that holds album artwork so I could dust and tidy things up, and what we’re left with now is a series of images that tell a tale of redemption and grape soda.
It’s a much more functional room now in every way. You can walk around in there! You can even see the cheap double-neck acoustic guitar I bought when I was working on AN ABSENCE OF SWAY and have never used. I’m still waiting for a call from Robert Plant, as you might have guessed.
Posted in ghosts from the past, something to look at, sorting things out on April 30, 2019 by johnnywestmusic. Leave a comment
Return of the uke.
Zara was back in the studio this past week to record the songs that will make up her third album. We got started on Monday and wrapped up on Friday.
This time there was a pretty even division between guitar songs and ukulele songs. Zara brought her own uke but gave my wizened Gibson LG-2 some more run after playing it on UNCERTAIN ASSERTIONS way back in 2014. One new wrinkle: we double-tracked her voice on a few songs. I always enjoy hearing the way a voice almost morphs into something new when it’s doubled or tripled to become an exaggerated version of itself.
As intense as Zara’s music is, she’s great fun to work with. There’s a lot of laughing, and it doesn’t feel much like work. All I really do is move a few microphones around and try to capture the way she sounds in the room, and then mix the results in such a way that the dynamics are left intact.
It feels good that she would want to keep coming back here five years after we recorded her first album. Makes me think I must be doing something right.
I should have everything mixed by the end of the month, or early May at the latest. There’s a bit of video footage to share as well. This time I used the Canon T5i instead of one of my little Flip friends. We’ll see what impact that has on the quality. The lighting in the room on the day wasn’t great, so it might still be a little grainy.
Most exciting for me — I asked Zara if she would be up for singing on another song of mine. She said yes. The trick now is writing the right song. I tried to get something ready for Friday. In a rerun of what happened with Tara, a bunch of ideas came tumbling out, and none of them quite felt like “the one”.
I would love to drape her voice over some weird ambient electronic ballad. Knowing the way my brain works, I’ll probably end up with something folky and acoustic guitar-based instead. She’s in town for another four weeks (she moved to British Columbia a while back), so there’s a bit of time to play with.
Oh yeah — yesterday was 420, the day of celebrating all things marijuana-related. To mark the occasion, here’s a grainy video still of me taking a drag from a joint in 2002.
Most of the time 420 doesn’t register for me. I haven’t smoked pot in more than twelve years now. Even if I had a debilitating illness and marijuana was the only thing that would alleviate my symptoms, I don’t think I would touch it again.
Don’t get me wrong. I used to smoke. I caught a buzz for the first time in late 2001 while working on SUBLIMINAL BILE, and it became a fun weekend thing for a while. I appreciated the way it made every conversation feel profound. Stupid things became hilarious. Music I already liked seemed to develop new dimensions, and music I had no interest in became almost tolerable.
I cut out everything a year later after getting a good amount of self-destructive energy out of my system. I tried smoking again in 2005, found it was still fun, and started using it as a substitute for going downtown and getting drunk on the weekend. Why waste my money on an aching bladder and a hangover when I could stay home, light up, and watch a Werner Herzog movie or listen to Miles Davis, waking up the next day without feeling like I got hit by a bread truck?
The first mistake I made was turning it into a solitary thing, and not something I only did once in a while in a social setting. Now that I had a consistent hookup and could smoke pot whenever I wanted, I found I liked it a little too much. It also made me lazy. It was a way to have a good time without having to do anything. Why work on music when I could sit around thinking about how great my ideas were? Why flatten them out into finished things when they were doing just fine floating around in my head?
My second mistake was buying a bong from a friend in the summer of 2006. I thought it would be an easy way to make my stash last longer. Since no one told me one toke from the bong was all I needed, I treated it like it was a pipe, got way too high, and found myself singing for my soul to two different higher powers. It was one of the most horrifying experiences of my life. The sound of a street cleaner set me off on a dissociative loop from hell, and I became convinced I was dying and stuck in some sort of limbo.
I couldn’t make anything that sounded like music happen on a guitar, but I still had my voice. Music became my weapon and my one hope for salvation. Over the next two hours I sang almost nonstop, improvising an entire a cappella concept album in which I bartered with both Satan (arguing I could be of some use to him if he allowed me to spread his message through my music) and God (promising to be a good Christian if he would save me). I felt the strong presence of both good and evil higher powers at different moments, and I felt myself being judged by both of them. As long as I kept singing, I knew I could at least buy myself more time. Being judged was better than being taken.
Right around the time my high wore off, I saw some sunlight filtering through my bedroom window. Instead of hearing a choir of angels singing and ascending to some heavenly afterlife, I went downstairs to get myself something to drink — my throat was killing me — and then came back upstairs and watched Millennium Actress.
To this day, part of me regrets not hitting the record button on my camcorder and capturing at least some of the madness. I remember some of the bits I sang. There were some pretty catchy song fragments in there. Whenever I was singing to Satan I would slip into this exaggerated James Hetfield voice. At one point I got into some beatboxing and borderline throat singing, coming up with some pretty strange vocal sounds. A much sweeter voice came out when I sang to God.
I stopped believing in most of the Christian ideology I was taught right around the time I went through puberty, so I thought it was odd how things split themselves into such clear divisions between good and evil. The whole thing fascinated me. I found I could laugh about it. More than that, I felt a swell of something resembling joy. It was as if I’d come through some dark night of the soul and emerged a better, happier version of myself.
Reluctant to cut my strong-smelling friend out of my life altogether, I chalked up the bad experience to smoking some stuff I bought from an untested source. It must have been cut with something nasty. A week later I tried smoking some of my “normal” supply out of the bong. I should have just gone back to joints and pipes, but I was confident I knew what I was doing.
The high that followed was much more frightening than my first bong experience. This time I felt no higher powers judging me. I lost control of my body — or my mind convinced me I did — and became a vegetable trapped in my bed, unable to move, knowing I really was going to die this time and there was nowhere for me to go. No sunlight was going to save me. There was nothing waiting for me on the other side but a vast expanse of oblivion.
I like to believe there’s something beyond this level of existence after we die. There are too many preternatural happenings that can’t be explained away as simple coincidences. I don’t pretend to know what comes next, but it gives me some comfort to think there’s some kind of afterlife, and that we go on in some way. Some atheists find comfort in the idea that there’s nothing more than this, and once we die it all goes dark. That scares me more than I can tell you. I don’t even know why. I think it’s something about the finality of it all that unnerves me.
The high wore off after a while, I was able to move again, and life went on. But this time there were after-effects. I felt disconnected from myself. I developed issues with stairs. I felt anxiety that didn’t exist for me before, and there were some borderline panic attacks — though they were nothing compared to the fun I experienced after the break-in of late 2008.
After a while I felt more or less like myself again. I’m not sure if my brain eventually got rid of whatever lingering weirdness was hanging on there, or if I accepted the new normal and adjusted to it. One thing was clear: I couldn’t smoke pot anymore. It was toxic to me now.
There was one more little adventure a year later when someone I thought was a friend pressured me into smoking one last time. I should have told him to get out of my house, but I didn’t have the guts. My reward for that bit of cowardice was locking myself out of my own house a few minutes after getting high. This time the universe decided to cut me a break, and an ex-con friend who just happened to be passing by took it upon himself to help me break back in. Which we proceeded to do. In the middle of the afternoon.
You can’t make stuff like this up.
The high wasn’t as bad this last time, but there was none of the euphoria or false sense of heightened mental acuity I got from marijuana in the past. All it gave me now was a feeling of dread that fanned out over everything like a filthy blanket.
I thought I would miss it. After that last hurrah, I didn’t have any trouble leaving it behind.
I bring this up because a few weeks ago someone was over at the house to get down some piano and vocal tracks. My name might not carry much currency in the local music scene anymore (thank God for small miracles), but apparently I’ve become known as “the guy in Windsor who has a real piano in his studio that isn’t a hunk of junk and will maybe let you use it if you ask politely”. I got a message from a guy who also has a home studio, asking me what I would charge to record him playing piano and getting down some vocal tracks so I could then send those raw tracks to him and he could build around them in his own studio.
It struck me as a somewhat convoluted way of going about it — wouldn’t it be easier to record the tracks onto his rig and then have his way with them? — but I have this impulse to help people in situations like these, when what I should probably say to them is, “If you want the sound of a real piano in your songs, do what I did and buy a real piano.”
I told him if he wanted to throw me twenty bucks to put toward my next piano tuning it would be appreciated. Other than that, I felt funny charging anything. I looked at it as one producer helping out another.
I won’t get into the specifics of the recording session. The one bit I want to mention is this. Before we got started, the guy asked me if I smoked. He said when he mentioned he was paying me a visit he was told to bring a joint as a peace offering.
It seems there are still some people out there who assume I’m this massive pothead based on the amount of music I’ve made and its refusal to stay in one place. Here’s the thing about that. If I hadn’t stopped smoking pot more than a decade ago, none of the music I’ve made from 2008 to date would exist, and what little work I might have done in its place wouldn’t be any good.
Drugs inspire some artists and open them up to different ways of thinking. They never did that for me. At least not in any way that had a positive impact on my music. Pot didn’t just sap my motivation, leaving me content to brainstorm forever — the few times I did try writing or recording while under the influence, the results were unusable. When I was high I thought all my bad ideas were good and all my good ideas were great.
I would try to record a miserable song about a dying relationship with Gord and Tyson and laugh my way through the whole thing after forgetting the lyrics that were right in front of me. Like so.
Cottonmouth (GWD version)
https://johnnywestmusic.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/04-cottonmouth.mp3
Fun? You bet. Album material? Not on your life. Compare this to the version recorded two months later for BEAUTIFULLY STUPID and it’s not even a fair fight.
My point, if I have one, is this: I don’t judge anyone who smokes pot or puts any other foreign substance into their body. Their life, their choice. But I never got one good song out of being high, and I feel it does something of a disservice to the body of work I’ve built when someone assumes it’s the product of an altered state of consciousness.
Life is bizarre and maddening and inspiring enough as it is when viewed through the prism of a clear mind. If you need a drug to help you come up with your ideas, I’m not sure you’re trying hard enough.
Posted in ear candy, musings in the key of crab dip on April 21, 2019 by johnnywestmusic. Leave a comment
A comedy of terrors.
Here’s the song Tara came by to lend her vocal magic to. I’ve spent the last few mornings picking away at editing the recording footage I grabbed along the way, and as much as I’m trying to keep things under wraps until the album is finished, I can’t resist putting this one out there as something resembling an advance single.
The thing I can’t get over is how catchy it is. I didn’t go out of my way to make that happen…it just happened. Must be the groove. I blame the djembe and the shaker that almost looks like an edible pepper. They’re always up to no good.
Editing this was a bit of a pain in the posterior, with everything I had to find a way to fit in there. It was rewarding to see it all come together, though, and I think it’s one of the better editing jobs I’ve done along these lines. It’s always fun when your cuts move in rhythm with the music. It’s a subtle thing, but I find it makes for a video that feels like it breathes a little better.
Also, dig those pyjama pants. Lately I find myself doing a fair bit of recording in the morning, before I’ve put on normal people clothes for the day. When you’re recording drums at 9:43 a.m. the last thing on your mind is throwing on some jeans. Me wearing boxer pants in a video is nothing new, but I don’t think any pair has ever been given quite this much screen time. Maybe these ones are special.
While I’m proud of all the elements that make up the thick soup of this song’s sound, the real secret sauce is the Yamaha VSS-30. I swear it keeps finding new ways to sneak its way into a song and add the texture that’s needed. It’s ridiculous how useful and versatile a little “toy” keyboard from the 1980s can be. You can get so many different sounds just out of sampling a bit of Wurlitzer and warping it (which is what I did here).
In less pleasant news, here are some words I never thought I would type, say, or even think: I won’t ever do business with Minuteman Press again. I won’t even recommend them for the simplest of jobs. If you’re in Windsor and you have any printing needs beyond what you can do yourself at home, I urge you to go somewhere — anywhere — else.
Here’s the deal. In early 2003, when I first thought it would be worthwhile to try giving my CDs a somewhat professional appearance, Johnny Smith said, “I’ll take you to Minuteman Press. That’s where I get my business cards done. I bet they’ll be able to help.” And they did help, printing a two-sided insert I slipped like an embarrassed apology into the abomination that was the initial album art for OH YOU THIS.
In short order, Minuteman Press became my go-to place for all things related to album packaging. Over a period of sixteen years they printed the booklets and inserts for fifty different albums (that’s not a typo), along with two posters and a handful of redesigns when I decided I wanted to “reissue” something or print the lyrics for an album that got slighted the first time around.
In the beginning it was pretty clear they’d never done this kind of work before. The initial inserts (or “tray cards”, if you like) for NUDGE YOU ALIVE had only one tab with the album’s name on the spine instead of the traditional two, leaving one side of the CD jewel case bereft. For my part, I had no idea what I was doing when it came to arranging text and images. We both got better in a hurry. They started producing more professional-looking results with more experience, and I taught myself how to handle the layout side of things.
By 2010 we were a well-oiled machine. I started handing in polished image files with proper bleed lines instead of asking them to set things up for me, and Heather and I almost had our own verbal shorthand. She was always great to work with. If I still sometimes got inserts that were a hair too tall to fit into a jewel case and I had to take a little off the top with my own cutting board to compensate, it was a small price to pay for being able to give my albums the visual presentation I wanted on a DIY budget.
Heather left a few years ago. The people who stayed on still did pretty reliable work. Then the ownership changed altogether in late 2017, and every familiar face was gone.
The woman who took over the business was a great surprise. Her attention to detail was incredible, and the packaging for both the long-overdue remaster of YOU’RE A NATION and the Papa Ghostface sign-off WHAT WE LOST IN THE FLOOD came out looking better than I thought possible. It seemed safe to assume I could keep giving Minuteman Press my business forever.
Everything changed when I swung by a few weeks ago to have the booklets and inserts for MEDIUM-FI MUSIC reprinted. The woman with the great attention to detail was gone. Another woman she once referred to as her “colleague” was now running the show. I’ll call her Esmerelda, because it’s a world away from her real name and it sounds a little evil.
There was a disgruntled customer ahead of me in line, and she was giving Esmerelda the business. The conversation went something like this:
I paid a professional designer to put this flyer together. The printing is all wrong. The bleed lines are off, and there’s all this white space.
ESMERELDA:
Yes. It’s like because the format we were like given. We can only like play with it so much.
No…this was done by a professional. There’s nothing wrong with it. Something went wrong with the way it was sized after I gave it to you. You’re the ones who made the mistake.
Yes. Like when you give it to us, like we can do almost nothing. You have to like give it to us in a different format.
My event is a few days away. I can’t use this. This is no good.
If you want to like give it to me in a different format maybe we can like fix it, but the way you gave it to me there’s nothing we can do.
Put that on a loop for about ten minutes and you get the idea. The Smithster and I got tired of waiting after a while and turned to leave.
“No, no,” Esmerelda said.
“We’ll come back tomorrow,” I said.
“No, I can wait on you.”
She slid a smiling man with grey hair into her place and took my order. I gave her my original materials and asked for another thirty copies of each. She said she’d call me in a day or two to come look at a proof, and then she’d print it. Easy as cake.
More than a week went by. There was no phone call. I called and got Esmerelda’s son on the line. He talked to me as if he was the new graphic designer of the operation. He told me my file of sixteen years — once a monster of a thing — was now all but empty, and almost none of the work any of the previous employees had done for me was in there. I would have to give him the art files for these booklets and inserts, and they would have to be printed from scratch.
I dug up the old art files from early 2011, dumped them onto a flash drive, and brought them in. Son of Esmerelda told me he would email me a proof later that day. He did no such thing. The next day I popped in to see my proof. It wasn’t ready.
“Oh, he had some car trouble,” Esmerelda said. “He told me he’s going to send you an email tonight. Like a hundred percent, for sure he’ll do it tonight.”
He did not, like a hundred percent, for sure, email me anything.
I came back the next day.
“I was just going to call you,” Esmerelda lied.
She printed up a proof for me. The insert looked fine. The smiling man stood there staring at the song titles, looking bewildered. I like to think “Taylor Swift Sings Death Metal in My Dreams” gave him a brain cramp.
The booklet wasn’t fine. It was a mess. The image and text on the cover were both too small. Inside, the size of the font increased and decreased five or six points at a time from one page to another. I always make sure to keep the font size consistent through all my image files, so it was a bit of shock to see things looking so out of whack.
Esmerelda’s explanation: “Yes. You gave us JPEG, and like we can do almost nothing. If you give it to me in like a Word document, then I can like size it myself and everything will be like perfect.”
For nine years JPEG files were never an issue. All Son of Esmerelda had to do was drag and drop the image files into whatever program he was using and make sure they were the right size. Instead, he took it upon himself to increase the size of the text on every page that had any appreciable amount of white space. Of course, Esmerelda wasn’t about to admit it, and he wasn’t around to answer for his screw-up.
She said she would email me a proof once I sent her the lyrics in a Word document. I sighed, went home, and put together what she said she needed. I emailed it to her the next morning. She didn’t email me back.
Thursday was the day of reckoning. I showed up to ask what the hell was going on. Son of Esmerelda looked horrified when he saw me walk in the door. He ducked into an office as fast as he could, where I assume he watched videos of dogs slobbering in slow motion while contemplating the nature of existence.
“Our server has been down all day,” Esmerelda said. “We haven’t been able to like do anything. But we almost have it like fixed now. If you come back at 12:30, I’ll have it for you. You don’t need to call. Just come back around 2:00 and it will be ready.”
Not just anyone can make an hour-and-a-half leap like that almost in the middle of a sentence without even acknowledging it. I had to genuflect in respect.
I should pause to tell you Johnny Smith was with me for each of these visits, and he noticed Esmerelda had a habit of looking at him instead of me when we were talking to each other. It was weird.
A little after 2:00, we came back.
“I just printed it,” she said. “I’ll have it for you in a moment.”
In a virtuoso display of lying to someone’s face and assuming they’re too stupid to notice, she walked a few feet to a printer and proceeded to print what she told me was already printed.
She brought the pages over, and I saw my body text in the booklet had morphed from Bookman Old Style into Arial.
“You changed the font,” I said.
“Yes. It’s much clearer now.”
“No,” I said, opening the original booklet to show her. “This is the font I used. See? I used the same font in the Word document I sent you, because that’s the font I want.”
“Yes,” she said. “It was Times New Roman. I changed it to Arial, but I can just like change it back. I just thought it looked better like this.”
“It wasn’t Times New Roman. But you know what…let’s do this. The other part that’s fine — the insert? Let’s go ahead and print that, and forget about the booklet.”
“No,” she said. “I can change the font back.”
“I’d like my original booklet back please, and we’ll just print the one piece that doesn’t have any problems.”
“I’ll just change the font back.”
“No. It’s been one thing after another. I don’t want to do this anymore.”
“Yes, but I’ll just change the font.”
Right here is where Johnny Smith took it upon himself to break the loop of stupidity, slipping into what I can only call “Punisher Mode”. He told Esmerelda we were done. She tried to come up with some bullshit. He told her to give me back my original booklet and insert. She wouldn’t budge. He had to cut her off at least ten times before it sunk in for her that this was one person she wasn’t going to be able to wear down with smiling condescension. She gave me my booklet and insert back, said, “Well, I’m very sorry to hear it,” and we walked out.
I’ll never set foot in that place again. I wouldn’t be surprised if they’re out of business a few months from now. Word spreads fast, and awe-inspiring incompetence is not something most people look for when they need something printed.
It’s a shame. Once upon a time there were some good, honest people working there who did fine work. Not anymore.
We made a list of about half a dozen other local printing businesses to try. I brought the packaging for STEW to A&A Printing so I’d have something to offer as a sample. The manager came out to talk to us and I asked a bunch of questions. He told me they had a lot of experience doing CD-related work. PDF files were the best format for them. They would have a proof for me the same day I brought in my art files, the job would be finished the day after that, and for fifty each of these two pieces of packaging I could expect to pay a little over a hundred bucks.
Sounds almost too good to be true, doesn’t it?
He said all the right things. There didn’t seem to be any need to check out any of the other places on our list. On Friday, around noon, I spoke with a woman at the front desk. I asked if I could have a lyric booklet and a separate insert made, and presented her with samples of the original pieces (again for MEDIUM-FI MUSIC) and the relevant PDF files on a flash drive. She told me she would have a proof ready for me in two hours and she would call when it was finished.
Something I’ve learned: when someone tells you they’re going to call you for anything business-related, they’re almost always lying. We came back at 4:00 and a different woman claimed she’d called us to let us know the files I provided didn’t work. When we told her we never received a phone call, she said, “Well, I was trying to call you.” That made for two lies in less than ten seconds, unless in her mind “trying” meant “thinking about maybe doing something and then not actually doing it”.
She invited us into the work area and brought me over to her computer, where she showed me the files wouldn’t work when she tried to open them.
“I don’t understand,” I said. “I saved them all as PDF files. That’s what the manager told me to do. He told me that was the best format for you. Everything worked fine on my computer.”
She started laughing.
“Why are you laughing?” Johnny Smith asked her.
“Because the manager told you to do that, and the files don’t work.”
“What about that is funny?”
She didn’t have an answer.
Laughing at your customer’s misfortune isn’t a great way to get their return business. Just throwing that out there.
The woman who took my order earlier in the day tried the flash drive on her computer. She had no problem opening the files. Way to troubleshoot, people! She told us if we could wait five minutes in the other room she would print up a proof.
Half an hour later she had a sheet printed out to show me the paper stock they were going to use for the booklet. She said the binding would take three hours to do and she didn’t realize there were so many pages.
Johnny Smith told her we’d just left a printing business after sixteen years because of mishaps and miscommunications like this. She apologized and let loose with a stream of excuses. They had a lot of unexpected cutting work that day. There was more work involved in putting the proof together than she thought there would be. The printer jammed. She thought the booklet was a flyer with no pages in it (the second you touch or even look at the booklet, it becomes clear it isn’t a flyer).
She said she would work on it over the weekend and call us on Monday whether the work was done or not.
Believe it or not, on Monday there was a phone call. We came in to look at the proof with some sneaky feelings of optimism. Those feelings were dispelled soon enough.
The woman who showed me the initial printout wasn’t around. The one who laughed at us was there instead. She showed me a booklet that had the font at the right size throughout, but the print quality left something to be desired. The printout I was shown on Friday made the text look nice and smooth. Now it was bleeding all over the place. The text on both spines of the insert was way out of alignment, and instead of fixing it themselves she and the manager told me it was my job to edit the image file, guessing at where they needed it to be. I’ve been doing this long enough to know where the text is supposed to go. This was their mistake, not mine.
Worst of all was the cost. Because there were a few extra pages in this booklet, the price I was quoted on Thursday tripled.
The woman asked for a 50% deposit. I gave it to her and left feeling defeated. Over the next few minutes my attitude shifted from just wanting to get the booklets and inserts reprinted, to thinking this was more of the same garbage and I didn’t want to stand for it anymore.
We went back. When I brought up the bleeding, the laughing lady said she could try lightening the text to see if that helped. I told her the price was another sticking point. She disappeared into the back of the work area for a while, and when she came back she said the manager was willing to come down almost a hundred bucks. If you can afford to do that, either your profit margin is sickening and you’re cheating people out of their money, or your business isn’t as prosperous as you’d like your customers to believe it is. Either way, it wasn’t good enough.
I asked for my money back and we left. They still have my memory stick and original lyric booklet. I need to get those back sometime this week.
Instead of trying more local printing places I thought I’d contact a business that makes album packaging full-time. I sent an email to someone at Duplium, which is where Ron got Tobacco Fields manufactured. The lyric booklet for that album came out looking great. While I’m waiting to hear back from them, I might email another place in Canada that does similar work. I prefer to be able to go in and see a proof in person, but if I have to go through something like this again on my way to finding someone in Windsor who knows what they’re doing, I think I’m going to tear my own face off.
Hopefully something good shakes loose. I’m running low on booklets and inserts for a good half a dozen albums, and I’d like to be able to get more of them printed somewhere.
Posted in ear candy, musings in the key of crab dip, random rant/tirade, recording, something to viddy on April 17, 2019 by johnnywestmusic. Leave a comment
The flute of truth.
Making art and trying to involve other people can lead you down some pretty circuitous roads.
I sent Lianne Harway a Facebook message three years ago when my search for local woodwind players led me to her. She never saw it. As I’ve learned, if you send a message to someone you’re not already Facebook friends with, said message almost always gets stuffed into a secret spam folder somewhere deep in the ass crack of cyberspace.
A few months ago I asked Tara Watts if she’d be interested in singing on something. She responded with an enthusiastic yes, so I wrote something with her in mind. The more I sat with the song, the more it started to feel like second-tier material. And she deserved my best.
I wrote at least half a dozen subsequent songs, hoping to find one that shouted its rightness at me. None of them did. I thought I had a good idea for a potential duet one night when I was cooking some green beans. That didn’t go anywhere interesting either.
Then a song came out of nowhere when I wasn’t trying to make anything happen, and I thought, “This would be a good one to have Tara sing harmony on.” A lot of my songs are directed at one “you” or another, though I’m not often singing to a real person anymore. I liked how this one took a turn away from implied specificity, limiting itself to images and statements. There was no “you” at all.
I recorded the thing and sang placeholder harmonies of my own. Then I started to grow attached to those harmonies. Pretty soon I wasn’t sure I wanted anyone else singing them after all — even someone with a voice as great as Tara’s.
What I really wanted was to showcase her voice in more than a supporting role. I just couldn’t seem to write something that felt like an appropriate vehicle.
As soon as I gave up on the idea of writing a song Tara might have some fun singing lead on, the right song all but wrote itself. Ain’t that the way it always goes?
I have a thing for slinky, jazzy, sensual songs with musical backdrops that are either semi-electronic or full-on trip-hop/downtempo. I’ve wanted to try doing something like that with a female singer for a long time, with no success. Whenever I reach out to a singer who lives in or near Windsor and has a voice that seems appropriate for that sort of thing, they either ignore me or feign interest before disappearing.
This time I was lucky enough to have a singer lined up and waiting in the wings. And I guess the subconscious part of my songwriting brain said, “You know that thing you keep wanting to do? Here’s an opportunity to do it. NOW DO IT.” I recorded all the music, got down a guide vocal, and sent a rough mix off to Tara. She liked that it was something a little outside of her usual musical wheelhouse. We made plans to get together so she could take a stab at singing it.
Yesterday those plans came to fruition. I felt a little awkward taking pictures while we were recording, but Tara was kind enough to pretend to sing for me in hilariously exaggerated fashion after we were finished, allowing me to capture an image that’s sure to become iconic in the years ahead.
This is not that picture. The world isn’t ready for that kind of visual intensity. Instead, this is an “accidental” shot that I thought turned out pretty nice.
Sometimes when I ask someone to play or sing on one of my songs they’ll show up having spent no time preparing, and before we can get anything useful recorded I have to teach them the song they’ve had weeks or months to sit with. It doesn’t bother me, and it’s never stopped me from getting a good performance out of anyone. It’s just a thing that happens.
It didn’t happen with Tara. She did her homework. I didn’t even have to play her my guide vocal before we started recording. She slipped right in there like she owned the song. My only regret is maxing out every track on the mixer but one (reserved for the lead vocal), because she told me she heard some potential harmony lines in there. Maybe I’ll have to write something else with her in mind and leave some space so she can harmonize all over the place. I don’t think anything bad could come of it. Tara’s a master when it comes to vocal harmony.
That other song — the one I thought I was going to ask Tara to harmonize on before I decided I liked my own harmonies enough to keep them around — had an instrumental chorus/refrain. There was almost a Celtic feeling to it, I thought. It needed to be played on a flute to really put it over the top.
I asked Facebook if anyone knew someone who played flute and might be interested in doing some session work. I didn’t expect the question to even be acknowledged. As proof that social media is about as unpredictable as a naked meteorologist, recommendations came pouring in. One Facebook friend tagged Lianne, and she said she was interested.
Three years after I sent her a message that was never seen, I sent a friend request and a new message that didn’t end up in limbo. That was a few weeks ago. This past Thursday Lianne was over at the house, replacing my wordless vocal melody with flute-shaped goodness.
I moved the Pearlman TM-1 in front of her, put it in omni, and was reminded for about the seven-hundredth time how ridiculously versatile this microphone is. You’d think a high-register wind instrument like a flute would need some EQ to tame it, but no. A little kiss of reverb and it sounded just right — bright and lively without being harsh.
Like Tara, Lianne came prepared. There were three sections of the song that wanted flute, with the first iteration of the melody subtly different from the final two. Within fifteen minutes of putting on headphones and getting the microphone in place, we were done. It would have been foolish to ask her for another take. She nailed it every time, and though the melody was already written, the way she played it glued the whole song together.
Sometimes persistence rewards you, even if you have no idea where you’re going until you get there.
Posted in musings in the key of crab dip, recording, writing on April 1, 2019 by johnnywestmusic. Leave a comment
I’ll punch a donkey in the streets of Galway.
Damn it, man. First Mark Hollis, and now this? The year is already gunning for a failing grade in its stunning lack of preservation of the artists who have been mainstays on the soundtrack of my life.
If you want to know a bit about what Scott Walker’s music did for me (and to me), I wrote about that once over here. If his album Tilt hadn’t blown my brain apart when I was fourteen, I’m convinced my musical vocabulary would be very different. Maybe another album would have performed a similar mind-expanding role for me, but the experience and its aftershocks wouldn’t have been the same. Tilt upended all of my ideas about what a song could be, and after wrestling with that music to the point that I was able to understand and appreciate it, nothing ever sounded inaccessible again, no matter how far-out it went.
And then there’s that voice. There’s never been another quite like it.
Scott’s four self-titled albums from the late 1960s are chamber pop of the highest order, approachable without surrendering their twisted sense of humour and pessimistic worldview. His work from 1978’s Bizarro World Walker Brothers reunion album Nite Flights forward, on the other hand, is not for everyone. It makes for a musical journey into some pretty dark places (including the mind of Mussolini’s mistress as she faces her execution). The man seemed to delight in setting fire to his former pop persona and poking around inside of its charred husk to see what kind of reverb chamber it made. Some have found the results pretentious. I find a lot of the music thrilling. Even his obligatory “80s-sounding album” Climate of Hunter, with its period-correct drum sound and fretless bass groans, is like nothing else anyone released in the 1980s, with the weirdest Billy Ocean cameo of all time.
The whole idea of the maverick artist seems to be slowly turning into just that — an idea. It doesn’t help that we just lost two of the greats in the space of a month.
Posted in ear candy, someone else's story, something to viddy on March 25, 2019 by johnnywestmusic. 3 Comments
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Blow out the candles, blog-face.
Happy third birthday, blog of mine.
There was a time when I thought you were just a temporary place to rest my head and I would eventually lose the motivation to keep you updated, rendering you an online ghost town. Instead, you helped to kick my ass back into gear after I’d been slacking off for a while on all things music-related, and now you’re busier and more sprawling than ever before. I mean, I’m even talking to you like you’re a person, when I stopped doing that back in March of 2008. I bet you never saw that coming back again, did you ol’ blog?
Since I first got the random idea to create you three years ago, a lot has happened.
I went from being lethargic and having no real motivation to put any work into harnessing my musical ideas (I think some people call that “post-crackhouse blues”), to recording and releasing seven full-length albums plus a three-CD compilation of out-takes/misfits — with two hundred and thirty-four songs between them all — in the space of just over two years.
I added a few instruments, noise-makers, and sound-sculptors to the room in which music is made.
I wrote a whole lot of stuff (three hundred posts so far — some silly, some serious, some random, some rant-tastic — plus a separate page for every CD I’ve ever officially released, and dedicated sections for some other things of note), made a lot of videos (there are about eighty self-made videos of various shapes and sizes scattered throughout this place), shared a lot of music (more than two hundred MP3s between album pages and regular posts), posted a lot of silly pictures, and butchered others to make them silly when I didn’t feel they were ridiculous enough to begin with. Things looked like halloween around here for a long time, until they suddenly didn’t anymore.
I went from being so far under the radar I might as well have not existed as a musical entity in this city, to becoming someone who is considered somewhat “cool”, and somehow built up a far larger audience than I ever expected I would. I don’t think it would have been possible without some strong support from CJAM, Liam and the gang at Dr. Disc, Tom and Frank at Phog, some good friends from all walks of life, and my Uncle Kanye, who sometimes gives good advice when he’s not interrupting me during my big moment at a music video awards show.
After being shunned by the local music scene for years, I was finally treated as if I were part of the club, sort of, though I still don’t think I really am when you get right down to it. I guess it just got to the point where it wasn’t so easy to ignore me anymore. I learned a lot about the way a city’s music scene works — the good stuff, the weird stuff, and how there’s some bizarre double-dealing that goes on sometimes behind the scenes. Thankfully I was able to avoid the bulk of the weirdness by not being an active participant in the usual conventional ways.
I tried the unpaid session musician thing for a while, playing as a sideman both live and in the “studio” with a few different people. I had good experiences and bad experiences. Ultimately, I learned being a sideman — while it’s something I can do, and I think I can do it pretty well — is not really for me. It was a worthwhile experiment, at least. I did manage to make a few good friends in the process, and was reminded for the first time in a long while just how much fun it can be to collaborate with someone when there’s no stupid crap involved and you’re not only given free reign to contribute whatever ideas you might have — you get credit for everything you do, too.
I was threatened with rape and death during a home invasion but survived with my muffler intact, though I could have done without the PTSD that followed. I redirected some of the anxiety into pop songs like this one.
https://johnnywestmusic.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/04-cinders.mp3
After avoiding live performances for years, I played my own material live in a few small concentrated doses and then threw caution to the wind and played an extended free one-man show at Mackenzie Hall. What could have been a grotesque failure was instead a surprising success, and it still almost doesn’t quite feel like it really happened.
Then I went back to avoiding live performances.
I reissued and repackaged almost thirty CDs from the back catalogue with new artwork (many of them never had any proper artwork to begin with), mostly for my own amusement. A few people who were interested got a big black box full of these CDs.
A short-form documentary film was made about me.
(The actual number of albums recorded is much higher than the figure in that trailer, but whaddayagonnado?)
I resurrected my long-dormant Myspace page and made it somewhat presentable, using it as a convenient place to post random things I was working on before they had finished albums to call their homes. Then I realized Myspace is kind of lame, their streaming sounds absolutely hideous (I had to hide the built-in music player using html and attach my own external MP3 player for higher quality audio), and there’s really no point in me having a music page over there with all the stupid restrictions and rules when I have complete freedom to do whatever I want over here. I also have no real interest in “networking” with other bands who only want to pad out their friends lists and gain another person they can send impersonal spam to.
So I killed my profile for good, thus rendering me perhaps the only musician in this city who doesn’t have a Myspace page. It was long overdue. Just about the only good things to ever come out of having a Myspace profile were having an easy way to get in touch with Travis for the first time, being able to share silliness with some long-distance friends, and the running joke of being able to refer to that place as “Spyspace”.
The obligatory “bio section” shifted a number of times, from a very skeletal thing, to an insanely long cross between an FAQ and a place to dispel some bizarre rumours and myths that were floating around, before finally mutating into something informative but not as long-winded.
I came up with the idea of making monthly video progress reports as a random thing, only to watch as the half-assed idea took on a life of its own and grew tentacles. I’m working on progress report #9 right now and kind of wish I started doing this years ago, because it’s a lot more fun than I ever thought it would be and a great way to keep track of what I am (or should be) working on.
I also came up with several ideas I’ve yet to really run with, like a comic strip about a wild-haired, cynical-beyond-all-reason child prodigy of a focus-puller named cormac.
And a whole lot of other stuff happened too. A few weeks ago I went through the archives to insert some links where I neglected to do that in the first place (mostly linking to an album’s relevant page when its title appears in a post), and it was a little startling to realize just how much content there is here. I had to make a point of only skimming most of the posts instead of reading them all the way through, otherwise it would have taken me days to get through it all.
There’s a lot of stuff here. You can actually trace my progress from wading through a bit of a slump after an exhausting move into a new house, to getting things back on track in a big way and then keeping the momentum going while figuring out just what this blog was supposed to be. A few links have gone dead in that time (most of them other people’s sites that were abandoned, or links to my now-defunct Myspace page), and I removed them where I caught them, though I’m sure two or three slipped through the fingers of my eyes.
In all honesty, I feel like I’m only now really hitting my stride. There’s a lot more left to say, and much more music to share. Thanks to everyone who’s tagged along for the ride. It’s been interesting so far. Let’s see what else shakes loose.
(I should add that MEDIUM-FI MUSIC… is at #3 on the CJAM charts this week. Thanks, as always, to everyone who plays my stuff.)
Posted in ear candy, musings in the key of crab dip, quirky instruments, something to look at, something to viddy on February 23, 2011 by johnnywestmusic. 2 Comments
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Hongwanji Mission School 60th Birthday Celebration
On Sunday, April 26, 2009, I attended the Hongwanji Mission School 60th Birthday Celebration from 3:00 P.M. until about 5:45 P.M. They had student performances from preschool to grade 8. They performed songs, drama, taiko, and band music.
My cousin Sereny Suzuki’s son Ryder Suzuki performed with preschool students a Japanese song “Don Na Iro Ga Suki”. Her husband Beau and daughter Chloe was also there. I saw a number a familiar faces and friends I haven’t seen in awhile at the event.
At the peace pole ceremony and tree dedication, Sen. Suzanne Chun Oakland, Rep. Corinne Ching and I presented Senate and House certificates respectively. We said a few words each. I mentioned how the Hongwanji Mission School, in addition to teaching educational tools such as math, English, and science, it teaches compassion and peace, which is very, very important for the kids. It was at peace pole ceremony, I waved to my little second cousin Chloe and I saw my cousin Sereny.
We ate Hawaiian food and enjoyed ourselves. It was a very good event. Tanoshikata.
Written Remarks Entered Into the House Journal: Stand. Comm. Rep. No. 1594 – S.B. 764, S.D.2, H.D. 2, Relating to Real Property
Representative Jon Riki Karamatsu
Written Remarks into the House Journal
April 14, 2009; 46th Day
Stand. Comm. Rep. No. 1594 – S.B. 764, S.D.2, H.D. 2, Relating to Real Property
I rise in support of Senate Bill 764, Senate Draft 2, House Draft 2, Relating to Real Property. Small businesses and farms are an essential element in strengthening and diversifying Hawaii’s economy and creating jobs for our people and despite their contribution to Hawaii’s economy, small businesses and farms are at a disadvantage in terms of land ownership. The commercial, industrial, and farm properties that exist within the state’s districts are primarily owned by a few landowners. These landowners control large tracts of land and retain their ownership by means of leases to small businesses and farms, which in turn supply services and products for our community.
The purpose of the first part of this bill is to stabilize Hawaii’s economy by addressing some of the burdensome or vague provisions of existing commercial and industrial leases of certain lands within urban districts by clarifying provisions in long-term commercial and industrial ground leases, without substantial reduction in the economic benefit to the landowners or impact on their ownership of the land, without impairing their lease contracts, and without the taking of any property rights without due process of law.
Senate Bill 764 explains that notwithstanding any other law to the contrary and unless expressly stated to the contrary in the lease, any lease of commercial or industrial leasehold property shall be subject to the following terms and conditions: 1) Whenever a lease existing on July 1, 2009, or entered into thereafter, provides for the renegotiation of the rental amount or other recompense during the term of the lease and the renegotiated rental amount or other recompense is based, according to the terms of the lease, in whole or in part on a fair and reasonable annual rent as of the commencement of the term, that provision shall: (A) Be construed to require that the rent shall be fair and reasonable to both the lessor and the lessee to the lease; and (B) Take into account any and all relevant attendant circumstances relating to the lease, including: (i) Past renegotiation practices and policies throughout the previously renegotiated lease rents; (ii) The uses and intensity of the use of the leased property during the term of the lease approved by the lessor; (iii) The surface and subsurface characteristics of the leased property and the surrounding neighborhood of the leased property on the renegotiated date; and (iv) The gross income generated by the lessee on the renegotiated date.
In the second part of this bill, the purpose is to carry out the mandate of Article XI, section 3, of the Hawaii Constitution to conserve and protect agricultural lands and assure availability of agriculturally suitable lands.
The legislature finds that the land use law was enacted to “preserve and protect land best suited for . . . agricultural purposes and to facilitate sound and economical urban development” (Senate Standing Committee Report Number 580; 1961 Senate Journal). Since that time, however, lands classified by the land study bureau as class A and class B lands, the lands most suited for intensive agricultural use, have declined from three hundred fifty-nine thousand six hundred ninety acres (Class A, one hundred twenty-five thousand one hundred sixty acres; class B, two hundred thirty-four thousand five hundred thirty acres) in 1960 to one hundred seventy-two thousand ninety-four acres (Class A, fifty-six thousand six hundred fifty-three acres; Class B, one hundred fifteen thousand four hundred forty-one acres) in 2007. These agricultural lands are a resource that cannot be replaced once they are lost to development.
The inventory of lands that are suitable for agriculture is essentially fixed. Unlike other agricultural inputs, agricultural lands cannot be manufactured when the demand for them increases. In 1960, the land study bureau estimated that there were nearly three hundred sixty thousand acres of class A and B lands on the six major islands. These were the lands upon which the State depended for profitable, competitive agricultural production. By 2007, the inventory of class A and B lands had declined to slightly more than one hundred seventy-two thousand acres, making it more important than ever to conserve Hawaii’s most productive agricultural lands, especially in counties with a population of over five hundred thousand residents.
Part two of this bill provides that whenever any agreement or document for the lease of private agricultural lands with soil classified by the land study bureau’s detailed land classification as overall (master) productivity rating class A or B for agricultural use in counties with populations of over five hundred thousand provides for the renegotiation of the rental amount and the term of the lease, and the lessee has made improvements or is seeking to make improvements on the land, the renegotiated term of the lease shall include an extension of the lease for a period of not less than seventy-five per cent of the original term of the lease.
Further, the measure requires that for a boundary amendment for agricultural lands with soil classified by the land study bureau’s detailed land classification as overall (master) productivity rating class A or B, no amendment of a land use district boundary shall be approved in counties with a population of over five hundred thousand where: (1) A farming operation as defined in Hawaii Revised Statutes section 165-2 is being conducted on the land; (2) The land is important for agriculture based on the stock of similarly suited lands in the area; (3) The district boundary amendment will harm the productivity or viability of existing agricultural activity in the area; and (4) The district boundary amendment will cause fragmentation of or intrusion of nonagricultural uses into largely intact areas of agricultural lands with soil classified by the land study bureau’s detailed land classification as overall (master) productivity rating class A or B. These requirements will help to protect some of our most valuable and productive agricultural lands. Thank you.
Seek the impossibility and make it possible!
Rep. Jon Riki Karamatsu speaking on his health information technology bill to the media with Speaker Calvin K.Y. Say in March 2009.
Life is exciting. I look forward to the future. Seek the impossibility and make it possible!
Pussycat Dolls ft. A. R. Rahman – Jai Ho (You are my Destiny) [Lead female singer is from Hawaii]
The Entourage: Rep. Jerry L. Chang, Rep. Jon Riki Karamatsu, Rep. Ken Ito, and Speaker Calvin K.Y. Say at Karamatsu's March 11, 2009 fundraiser at Bonsai Restaurant.
Rep. Clift Tsuji and Rep. Jon Riki Karamatsu at a House-Senate conference during the 2008 Legislative Session.
Rep. Jon Riki Karamatsu and Rep. Bob Nakasone at Karamatsu's 2006 fundraiser at St. Andrew's Priory School.
Sen. Carol Fukunaga and Rep. Jon Riki Karamatsu at Karamatsu's 2008 fundraiser at Bishop Museum.
Rep. Jon Riki Karamatsu and former Sen. Nadao "Najo" Yoshinaga in April 2006.
Rep. Jon Riki Karamatsu presiding over the House floor session as Vice Speaker of the House during the 2007 Legislative Session.
Ganbatte! Do your best!
Rep. Jon Riki Karamatsu chairing a February 2008 Judiciary Committee Hearing.
2009 has been very challenging thus far. In the legislature, we have taken on some of the most challenging and difficult issues such as balancing the budget despite the economic crisis, civil unions, ceded lands, disputes on tort, private lessor and lessee disagreements, and amending the campaign finance laws to reflect court decisions. I experienced threats by individuals, had disagreements with my colleagues, and witnessed disagreements between other individuals. Everyone is trying their best for Hawaii.
The biggest void in Hawaii politics is not having Rep. Bob Nakasone. We could always go to him for advice. Often times disputes would be aired out at his office at night. Rep. Nakasone had a presence that made you feel good. Politicians, lobbyists, bureaucrats, and friends who were close to him tell me how they miss him. A number of people believe 2009 is one of the biggest years in Hawaii’s political history because of the type of issues we are taking on. With big policy agendas, come big disputes and high emotions. It is during those difficult decisions, especially late at night, I think of Rep. Nakasone wishing I could have one more talk.
With all the struggles and stress, I balance myself by exercising, praying to my loved ones who passed away, and listening to music. Music really helps. Live your life to the fullest. Accomplish as much as you can now. We may never have tomorrow. That is the reason why I try so hard to achieve as much as I can now. I am more aware of death and its quickness. We must try to be faster than death. Ganbatte! Do your best!
This past Monday, April 6, 2009, I woke up at 2:45 A.M. with pain in my chest. It was tight, sore, and hot. It went away after about 30 minutes.
Fundraiser for Rep. Jon Riki Karamatsu
St. Andrew’s Priory School, Ylang Ylang Courtyard, 224 Queen Emma Square, Honolulu, Hawaii
Suggested Donation $25
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Published After 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 January February March April May June July August September October November December 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Published Before 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 January February March April May June July August September October November December 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Changes in cause-specific mortality among the elderly in Canada, 1979–2011
Marie-Pier Bergeron-Boucher, Robert Bourbeau, Jacques Légaré
Emerging issues in the life cycle perspective in the context of population peaking
Alain Bélanger
Suicide Mortality in Canada and Quebec, 1926-2008: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis
Lise Thibodeau
Using the probabilistic fertility table to test the statistical significance of fertility trends
Nan Li
Changing BMI scores among Canadian Indigenous and non-Indigenous children, youth, and young adults: Untangling age, period, and cohort effects
Piotr Wilk, Alana Maltby, Martin Cooke
Data and discrimination: A research note on sexual orientation in the Canadian labour market
Nicole Denier, Sean Waite
Non-residential fatherhood in Canada
Lisa Strohschein
Back to the future: A review of forty years of population projections at Statistics Canada
Patrice Dion, Nora Galbraith
Changes in Disability-Free Life Expectancy in Canada between 1994 and 2007
Rachel Margolis, Scott Mandich
Immigrants’ initial firm allocation and earnings growth
Wen Ci, Feng Hou
The provision of unpaid care across cohorts and genders: A research note
Christine Proulx
Type and timing of first union formation in Québec and the rest of Canada: Continuity and change across the 1930–79 birth cohorts
Laura Wright
Immigrant entry earnings over the past quarter-century: The roles of changing characteristics and returns to skills
Feng Hou
Welcome to the open access archives of Canadian Studies in Population.
Please note that as of January 1, 2019 Canadian Studies in Population is no longer published as an open access journal by the University of Alberta and is now being published by Springer. This site will continue to host and preserve the open access back issues of the journal from volumes 1-45.
For current issues of CSiP and to submit your manuscript, please refer to the new publisher's website.
Canadian Studies in Population| ISSN 1927-629X
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Wrongful Death, Brain Injury, Sexual Abuse, Personal Injury
Jamaica, Corona, Flushing, Elmhurst, Astoria
Language Spanish Russian Punjabi Portuguese All
Assault & Battery -- Plaintiff
Top Long Island City Assault & Battery -- Plaintiff Lawyers - New York
Nearby Cities: Jamaica, Corona, Flushing, Elmhurst, Astoria
Related Practice Areas: Wrongful Death, Brain Injury, Sexual Abuse, Personal Injury
Law Offices of Stuart DiMartini
Assault & Battery -- Plaintiff Lawyers Serving Long Island City, NY (New York)
At the Law Offices of Stuart DiMartini in New York, New York, we are completely focused on helping you recover the maximum amount of compensation for the injuries and losses you suffered as the result of someone else's negligence or wrongdoing. Backed by more than 30 years of legal experience, our law firm's founder, attorney Stuart DiMartini, possesses the extensive knowledge and exceptional...
The Law Offices of Shelley L. Stangler, P.C.
Our mission is to provide high quality, meticulous, professional legal services along with the caring, friendly attitude and attention that you expect and deserve. Ours is a litigation and courtroom practice devoted to personal injury , education law , malpractice , work related and construction accidents , dangerous products , and civil rights and...
Kridel Law Group
Comprehensive, Effective Legal Counsel Originally established in 1980, the Kridel Law Group has become the trusted source for high-quality, professional representation for individuals and business owners throughout New York and New Jersey. A full-service law firm with offices in Clifton, New Jersey, and New York City, we offer legal services in a variety of practice areas in order to help our...
Law Office Of Herbert I. Ellis, PC.
The attorneys at the Law Offices of Herbert I. Ellis, P.C., have helped thousands of clients from the New York City metropolitan area and Ocean and Monmouth counties in New Jersey since the firm's founding in 1988. Today, from our law office in New York City, we continue to help those who face charges for criminal offenses and those who have suffered because of other people's negligent acts in...
Silver & Kelmachter, LLP
At the personal injury and medical malpractice law firm of Silver & Kelmachter, LLP, we provide dedicated legal counsel to clients throughout the New York City metro area. Passionate about protecting and vindicating the rights of those injured through no fault of their own, our team is focused on helping people recover the maximum compensation for their losses. Serving as our clients'...
Garruto & Calabria, Attorneys at Law
Since first opening our doors in 1997, Garruto & Calabria, Attorneys at Law, has helped countless accident victims and their families in their most dire times of need. Through our Manhattan location, our law firm serves clients throughout the New York City metro area who need to secure their rightful compensation and benefits following an injury or loss caused by another party's negligence or...
Assault & Battery -- Plaintiff Lawyers Serving Long Island City, NY (Brooklyn)
Sackstein Sackstein & Lee, LLP
Since 1952, Sackstein Sackstein & Lee, LLP, has been assisting accident victims throughout New York. With offices in Brooklyn, the Bronx, Garden City and Flushing, our law firm can help clients throughout New York City and the state with their personal injury claims. Our experienced personal injury attorneys handle claims related to car, truck and motorcycle accidents, premises...
Avanzino & Moreno, P.C., Attorneys at Law
At the law firm of Avanzino & Moreno, PC, we represent the people of Brooklyn, New York, in legal cases related to personal injuries. Since 1992, we have offered results, commitment and respect to those who have been injured by the carelessness of another. We provide free initial consultations to all potential clients and do not charge any fees until money has been recovered. Along with...
Michael S. Lamonsoff
New York City Personal Injury Attorneys The Law Offices of Michael S. Lamonsoff, PLLC, is one of the largest law firms in New York concentrating in the representation of victims of all types of accidents, including construction accidents, slips/trips and falls, car accidents, premises accidents, medical malpractice and wrongful deaths. With over 100 years of combined attorney experience, our firm...
The Orlow Firm
Nearly 35 years ago, attorney Steven S. Orlow founded our New York personal injury law office, The Orlow Firm, with the goal of providing the people of the New York City metropolitan area with high-quality legal services in the areas of personal injury law and workers' compensation. Today, our firm has grown into one of the most highly respected law firms in the area, and we have four office...
Since our law firm's doors first opened in New Jersey in 1988, we have continuously grown to become one of the most highly respected criminal defense and personal injury firms in the area. Today, the Law Offices of Herbert I. Ellis, P.C., has eight office locations throughout New Jersey's Ocean and Monmouth counties and the New York City metropolitan area. From our Brooklyn law office, we...
Greenstein & Milbauer, LLP
Assault & Battery -- Plaintiff Lawyers Serving Long Island City, NY (Bronx)
The Law Office of Bruce H. Goldberg is a family firm with decades of experience and a proven record of success. With us, clients come first. We are able to give our clients uncommon personal attention backed by professional representation. Our law firm was built to serve the needs of our clients with respect, understanding and compassion. We speak to you in straightforward and understandable...
At Sackstein Sackstein & Lee, LLP, we have been assisting accident victims in New York since 1953. Our law firm handles personal injury claims throughout the state of New York through our offices in the Bronx, Brooklyn, Garden City and Flushing, including Queens and all of New York City. For personal injury, our experienced lawyers can help with matters pertaining to car, truck and motorcycle...
Tarshis & Hammerman, LLP
Assault & Battery -- Plaintiff Lawyers Serving Long Island City, NY (Forest Hills)
Tarshis & Hammerman prides itself on it's empathetic professionalism with clients and it's aggressive, dedicated and experienced representation of clients by our seasoned attorneys. Mr. Tarshis and Mr. Hammerman have each been practicing for close to forty years and each were experienced prosecutors for major District Attorney's offices in the City of New York where each had risen to the position...
Assault & Battery -- Plaintiff Lawyers Serving Long Island City, NY (Flushing)
Sackstein Sackstein & Lee, LLP, has been assisting personal injury accident victims throughout New York since 1952. With locations in Flushing, Garden City, Brooklyn and the Bronx, our law firm is prepared to handle cases in all boroughs of New York City as well as statewide. In our personal injury practice, we confidently handle claims related to car, truck and motorcycle accidents, premises...
Gitelis Law Offices
Located in Brooklyn, New York, Gitelis Law Offices provides unmatched advocacy and support to those who suffered an injury or loss as the result of someone else's negligence or wrongdoing. Serving innocent accident victims and their families across the greater New York City metro area, our law firm's founder, attorney Steve Gitelis, has practiced law since 1996, and he established our legal...
Muldoon, Horgan & Loughman
Assault & Battery -- Plaintiff Lawyers Serving Long Island City, NY (New Rochelle)
Assault & Battery -- Plaintiff Lawyers Serving Long Island City, NY (Garden City)
At Sackstein Sackstein & Lee,LLP, we have been assisting personal injury accident victims throughout New York since 1952. Our law firm serves clients from locations in Garden City, Flushing, Brooklyn and the Bronx. We also assist clients in Queens and throughout New York City and the state. Our personal injury practice includes claims related to car, truck and motorcycle accidents, premises...
Edelman, Krasin & Jaye, PLLC
Assault & Battery -- Plaintiff Lawyers Serving Long Island City, NY (Westbury)
The law firm of Edelman, Krasin & Jaye, PLLC, represents clients in Westbury, New York, and throughout the state in matters related to personal injury. Our experience extends to car accidents; medical malpractice; construction site accidents; defective drugs; slips, trips and falls; defective products; nursing home abuse; and admiralty and maritime law. Along with personal injury, we handle...
Were you the victim of an Assault or Battery?
You've come to the right place. If you have been threatened with physical harm, hit, or otherwise touched when you didn't want to be, a civil assault and battery lawyer can help.
A civil assault and battery lawyer helps victims sue for money damages from the assailant.
Use FindLaw to hire a local civil assault and battery lawyer to get compensation for medical expenses, emotional distress, or pain and suffering.
Need an attorney in Long Island City, New York?
Use the contact form on the profiles to connect with a Long Island City, New York attorney for legal advice.
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Bovey, Grand Rapids, Nashwauk, Cohasset, Mcgregor
Language American Sign Language German Italian Spanish French All
Top Swan River Family Law Lawyers - Minnesota
Nearby Cities: Bovey, Grand Rapids, Nashwauk, Cohasset, Mcgregor
Leif Nelson Law
Family Law Lawyers Serving Swan River, MN (Grand Rapids)
When you are facing challenging legal matters, it is important to have an experienced lawyer by your side protecting your interests and working hard toward the most favorable outcome. I'm Leif Nelson, and my Grand Rapids firm is dedicated to achieving the goals of each and every client. I represent individuals, families and businesses in a range of legal areas, including wills and probate,...
Trenti Law Firm
Family Law Lawyers Serving Swan River, MN (Hibbing)
Unmatched Legal Representation From Northern Minnesota's Largest Law Firm If you live, work or run a business in St. Louis County or anywhere in northern Minnesota, you can turn to the legal professionals at the Trenti Law Firm in Hibbing for the exceptional legal representation you deserve for virtually any legal issue you may face. As natives of the Iron Range, we genuinely care about the legal...
Port Wright Law Office
Family Law Lawyers Serving Swan River, MN (Cloquet)
Family Law Lawyers Serving Swan River, MN (Virginia)
Northern Minnesota's Top Full-Service Legal Practice At the Trenti Law Firm in Virginia, Minnesota, we offer exceptional legal advocacy and support in all of the areas that affect your life, your family and your business the most. Serving a diverse range of clients throughout St. Louis County and the surrounding areas of northern Minnesota, the attorneys at our law firm are all fully committed to...
Ryan, Brucker & Kalis, Ltd.
Family Law Lawyers Serving Swan River, MN (Aitkin)
Guiding clients as they navigate some of the most difficult situations of their lives, we offer focused family law services at the law firm of Ryan, Brucker & Kalis, Ltd., in Aitkin, Minnesota. Providing creative solutions, our team works to understand each client's specific needs and concerns during a free initial consultation. We work with those we represent to craft plans that address their...
Johnson, Killen & Seiler
Family Law Lawyers Serving Swan River, MN (Duluth)
Johnson, Killen & Seiler, P.A. is the oldest law firm in Northern Minnesota, having been founded in 1888 by Charles O. Baldwin. In 1890 he was joined in the practice by his brother Albert. The firm has continued to grow both in size and reputation over the last century, representing parties in some of the biggest cases in our region. We measure our success not on a monetary scale but by the extent...
Dryer Storaasli Knutson & Pommerville, Ltd.
Since 1933, Dryer Storaasli Knutson & Pommerville, Ltd., has been serving Duluth, Minnesota, and the surrounding area. Throughout the years, our law firm has earned a reputation for developing creative legal solutions. For a lawyer who will take a critical look at your legal issues and provide your case with personal attention, schedule an appointment at our office. The legal team at Dryer...
Andrew Poole at LaCourse, Poole & Envall, P.A.
Andrew Poole at LaCourse, Poole & Envall, P.A.: Duluth Criminal Defense And Divorce Lawyer At LaCourse, Poole & Envall, P.A., we provide honest, effective and aggressive criminal defense representation to clients in Duluth and others throughout northern Minnesota. We are in this business to help people, and that means we take a hands-on, personalized approach when working with our clients....
Wetzel Law Firm PA
Family Law Lawyers Serving Swan River, MN (Brainerd)
Ed Shaw Law
While some lawyers choose to focus on a specific area of law, the attorneys at Ed Shaw Law have chosen to focus on a specific region of Minnesota. For nearly 20 years, our firm has provided reliable, no-nonsense legal advice to residents of Brainerd, Baxter, Crosslake and the rest of Crow Wing County. We enjoy making the law accessible and easy to understand, and we are committed to the well-being...
Carlson & Jones, P.A.
Whether you are facing a criminal charge in Brainerd, Minnesota, addressing financial matters or child custody issues related to a divorce, or battling for compensation following a personal injury, your rights are at stake. At Carlson & Jones, P.A., our experienced trial attorneys take their jobs to protect your best interests seriously. We have more than 40 years of combined experience...
Bobbie L. Sarff Johnson Attorney At Law
Family Law Lawyers Serving Swan River, MN (Baxter)
Family Law Lawyers Serving Swan River, MN (Ely)
Providing Quality Legal Counsel To Minnesota's Iron Range For more than 50 years now, the Trenti Law Firm has served the residents and businesses of northern Minnesota by providing unmatched, effective legal advocacy and support for all of their most important and pressing legal issues. With three law offices in St. Louis County, including our office in Ely, Minnesota, our law firm offers...
Rosenmeier Law Office
Family Law Lawyers Serving Swan River, MN (Little Falls)
Rosenmeier Law Office has been engaged in the general practice of law in Little Falls since 1911. The firm was founded by Christian Rosenmeier and, after his death, continued by his son, A. Gordon Rosenmeier, who also served in the Minnesota State Senate for 30 years. John E. Simonett was a partner in the firm before his elevation to the Minnesota Supreme Court. The present parners of the firm are...
Pemberton, Sorlie, Rufer & Kershner, PLLP
Family Law Lawyers Serving Swan River, MN (Wadena)
At the law firm of Pemberton, Sorlie, Rufer & Kershner, PLLP, in Wadena, Minnesota, we desire to provide the best legal services possible to clients in the community in which we live, play and work. With extensive knowledge of a wide variety of general practice areas and a history of successful lawsuits in appellate and state courts in Minnesota and North Dakota, we have experience you can...
Dove Fretland, PLLP
Family Law Lawyers Serving Swan River, MN (Princeton)
Kelm & Reuter, P.A.
Family Law Lawyers Serving Swan River, MN (Sauk Rapids)
If you are facing a difficult legal situation in the Sauk Rapids, Minnesota, area, the attorneys of Kelm & Reuter, P.A., can help. Since 1989, we have been helping people overcome challenging situations involving family law, estate planning and administration, business law, criminal defense, real estate and employment law. Our lawyers have more than 75 years of combined experience that allows...
Lund Law P.A.
Family Law Lawyers Serving Swan River, MN (St. Cloud)
Wipper Law
Family Law Lawyers Serving Swan River, MN (Saint Cloud)
Located in St. Cloud, Minnesota, the Wipper Law and Custody Evaluation Center offers exceptional, personalized representation and support to help you meet the important and serious legal challenges affecting your life and family head on. A law firm for the 21st Century, we are mobile, highly experienced and responsive to our clients' needs and goals, and we have become one of the leading legal...
While some lawyers choose to focus on a specific area of law, the attorneys at Ed Shaw Law have chosen to focus on a specific region of Minnesota. For nearly 20 years, our firm has provided reliable, no-nonsense legal advice to residents of Central Minnesota, including St. Cloud and the rest of Stearns and Benton Counties. We enjoy making the law accessible and easy to understand, and we are...
Use FindLaw to hire a local family law attorney to help you resolve your domestic legal issues.
Need an attorney in Swan River, Minnesota?
Use the contact form on the profiles to connect with a Swan River, Minnesota attorney for legal advice.
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