pred_label
stringclasses 2
values | pred_label_prob
float64 0.5
1
| wiki_prob
float64 0.25
1
| text
stringlengths 46
973k
| source
stringlengths 39
45
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
__label__wiki
| 0.678719
| 0.678719
|
Nest releases open-source version of Thread networking protocol for smart devices
Manufacturers who want to provide Thread support without writing their own software stack can now download Nest's Openthread from Github
By Peter Sayer
Thread, an open wireless protocol for the Internet of things, is getting a boost from one of its biggest boosters, Google-owned Nest Labs.
An IPv6 networking protocol built on the 802.15.4 mesh networking standard, Thread is designed to connect hundreds of low-power devices to one other and to the cloud.
While the protocol is open, anyone wanting to build Thread-compatible devices had to roll their own software stack implementing it—until now.
Late Wednesday, Nest published the source code for its implementation of the Thread protocol, OpenThread, on Github under a three-clause BSD license, allowing anyone to reuse, modify or redistribute it in source or binary form.
The move will simplify the work of manufacturers hoping to add Thread functionality to smart home devices.
Nest, now part of Google’s parent, Alphabet, uses Thread as part of its Weave system for connecting smart devices around the home. It was one of the founders of Thread Group, alongside Samsung Electronics, Arm Holdings, Freescale Semiconductor (now part of NXP Semiconductors) and others.
On Thursday the Thread Group announced another contribution from Nest: a new president.
Grant Erickson, principal software engineer at Nest, takes over as president from Chris Boross, another Nest alumnus, who left in February. Boross led the organization for its first 18 months, and now works at another mesh networking company, Eero.
The organization now has 230 members, many of them outside the U.S., but Erickson wants to see Thread become even more cosmopolitan.
While many of Thread’s initial backers were from the IT and consumer electronics industry, the organization is building a solid base of support from electrical equipment manufacturers. In recent months, it has appointed French company Schneider Electric to the board, and recruited German lightbulb manufacturer Osram and French motorized blind maker Somfy as members.
That kind of backing is important as, without the support of such companies, any home automation protocol will lack mainstream distribution and be doomed to provide islands of intelligence in an otherwise dumb home.
The Thread Group is looking to expand adoption of the networking protocol in other ways, too.
It is working to integrate Thread with the application layer developed by Zigbee Alliance for use in home automation systems and other connected devices, and also collaborating with The Connected Lighting Alliance (TCLA) to develop an open networking layer for professional lighting applications.
Peter Sayer covers enterprise applications for CIO.com.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12058
|
__label__wiki
| 0.866771
| 0.866771
|
Colca Canyon
Kuelap
Picanterias
Sacred Valley
Sand-boarding
Traveller Made
New Boutique River Cruises Come to the Amazon
Sweet, Sweet Summertime
Why Travel to Arequipa?
A City Lost in the Clouds
Enchanting Arequipa
Atemporal, a “timeless” new experience in Lima
Peru once again dominates Latin America’s restaurant rankings
Nine Lima locales — including the top two — feature in 2016's Latin America’s 50 Best Restaurants list.
No other city has as many eateries in the 2016 rankings, sponsored by San Pellegrino.
Latin America has a culinary capital and it is Lima. That is the unavoidable conclusion to be drawn from San Pellegrino’s 2016 ranking of the region’s top 50 restaurants, the most prestigious such listing. The Peruvian capital has a total of nine eateries in the list, including the top two, Central —which also topped the 2015 listings — and Maido, which has moved up from fifth to second. That’s more than any other city.
Central has been a trailblazer ever since its young chef Virgilio Martínez opened it in 2008, with its menu highlighting Peru’s vastly varied ecosystems and altitude, showcasing ingredients from below sea level, in the Pacific, all the way up to more than 12,000ft in the Andes, and then back down again into the Amazon. Maido’s chef, Mitsuharu Tsumura, meanwhile has earned a stellar reputation for his original take on “Nikkei” or Peruvian-Japanese fusion.
The next two Peruvian restaurants on the list are Astrid y Gastón, at number seven, and the cevichería La Mar, at number 12, both flagship projects of Gastón Acurio, the chef who is widely credited with spearheading Peru’s culinary renaissance of the last two decades, ever since he opened the eponymous first eatery with his German-born chocolatier wife Astrid Gutsche. The next four Peruvian restaurants in the list are Osso Carnicería y Salumería, which specializes in aged beef, at number 27; Rafael at number 30; Fiesta at 34; and Malabar at 38.
But perhaps the biggest Peruvian news in this year’s ranking comes from the lowest placed Lima restaurant, Isolina, as it is a new arrival in the top 50. Opened just two years ago in the bohemian district of Barranco, overlooking the Pacific, Isolina specializes in traditional Peruvian criollo cooking, earning it rave international reviews.
To visit any of these restaurants as part of your unique, individually tailored Peru itinerary, contact the Peru Empire Company at travel@pec.pe or on +51-1-700-5100 or, if you are in the US, 347-713-7030/34.
About us | E-mail us
USA T. +1 347 713 7030 / +1 347 713 7034
Peru T. +51 1 700 5109
Sáenz Peña 214, Lima 04, Peru
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12060
|
__label__cc
| 0.657716
| 0.342284
|
Committed to protecting your privacy
Orthogate is committed to protecting your privacy. The following statement outlines our privacy policy.
We do not require visitors to provide any information to use the website or search functionality, or to access all of the publicly available community features on our site.
Information You Give Us
If you choose to sign up for an Orthogate membership to gain additional functionality, we will ask you to provide your email address and other optional information such as location, occupation, interests, and institution. We will NOT disclose, sell or exchange your personally identifiable information to or with anyone, without your specific permission, except when we believe disclosure is absolutely necessary to: (1) comply with the law or legal process; (2) protect or defend the rights or property of Orthopaedia or others; (3) enforce this Agreement; or (4) respond to claims that the contents of any communications violate the rights of others.
Members of Orthogate can readily email any of the other members who have chosen to be accessible via our online contact form. However, members do not have direct access to the email addresses of other members, and each member can turn off this functionality at any time if he/she so chooses.
Automatic Information
Aggregated User Information That Does Not Identify Any User Individually
We perform statistical analysis of the collective characteristics and behavior of our members and visitors, to measure overall demographics and interests regarding specific areas of the Orthogate domain and to analyze how and where to use our resources. We also use the aggregate data collected to inform our sponsors and/or content partners as to the number of people who have seen and "clicked" on their advertisement and/or content. In addition, we may compile and disclose aggregate information about its users for promotional or other purposes. For example, we might want to disclose that a certain percentage of our users are located within a particular geographic area.
Cookies and Clickstreams
We use cookies for session tracking, and user preferences for registered users on our site. We may also use cookies to help us determine how long users view particular content, which particular content (e.g., advertising) users view, which content or sites users link to, and which Orthogate services members and visitors use.
We may at times use a few third party ad networks to serve ads on our site, such as Google Adsense. The cookies received with banner ads served by these networks are used to collect and build anonymous behavioral profiles by these companies to deliver targeted ads and tracking referrals, and we do not have access to this information.
See http://www.epic.org/privacy/internet/cookies/ for an explanation of cookies
If there is anything else we can do to protect your privacy, please let us know at Contact Orthogate Team
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12061
|
__label__wiki
| 0.566581
| 0.566581
|
Coke Oven Emissions Standard; Extension of the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) Approval of Information Collection (Paperwork) Requirements
[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 162 (Monday, August 22, 2011)][Notices][Pages 52350-52352]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2011-21373]
Coke Oven Emissions Standard; Extension of the Office of
Management and Budget's (OMB) Approval of Information Collection
(Paperwork) Requirements
ACTION: Request for public comments.
SUMMARY: OSHA solicits public comments concerning its proposal to
extend the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) approval of the
information collection requirements specified in the Standard on Coke
Oven Emissions (29 CFR 1910.1029).
than 10 pages, you may fax them to the OSHA Docket Office at (202) 693-
When using this method, you must submit a copy of your comments and
attachments to the OSHA Docket Office, Docket No. OSHA-2011-0181, U.S.
Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration,
Room N-2625, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20210.
Deliveries (hand, express mail, messenger, and courier service) are
accepted during the Department of Labor's and Docket Office's normal
business hours, 8:15 a.m. to 4:45 p.m., e.t.
docket number (OSHA-2011-0181) for the Information Collection Request
(ICR). All comments, including any personal information you provide,
available to read or download through the Web site. All submissions,
copying at the OSHA Docket Office. You may also contact Theda Kenney at
the address below to obtain a copy of the ICR.
of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A)). This program ensures that
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (the OSH Act) (29 U.S.C. 651
et seq.) authorizes information collection by employers as necessary or
appropriate for enforcement of the OSH Act or for developing
information regarding the causes and prevention of occupational
injuries, illnesses, and accidents (29 U.S.C. 657). The OSH Act also
requires that OSHA obtain such information with minimum burden upon
employers, especially those operating small businesses, and to reduce
to the maximum extent feasible unnecessary duplication of efforts in
obtaining information (29 U.S.C. 657).
The information collection requirements in the Coke Oven Emissions
Standard provide protection for workers from the adverse health effects
associated with exposure to coke oven emissions. In this regard, the
Coke Oven Emissions Standard requires employers to monitor workers'
exposure to coke oven emissions, monitor worker health, and provide
workers with information about their exposures and the health effects
of exposure to coke oven emissions.
OSHA is requesting an adjustment increase of 1,543 burden hours
(from 52,698 hours to 54,241). The adjustment is primarily the result
of identifying three additional coke oven batteries. The Agency will
summarize the comments submitted in response to this notice and will
include this summary in the request to OMB.
Title: Coke Oven Emissions Standard (29 CFR 1910.1029).
Affected Public: Business or other for-profits.
Number of Respondents: 20.
Frequency of Response: On occasion; quarterly; annually.
Average Time per Response: Varies from 5 minutes (.08 hour) to
provide information to the examining physician to 1 hour to conduct
exposure monitoring.
Estimated Total Burden Hours: 54,241.
Estimated Cost (Operation and Maintenance): $839,680.
Therefore, OSHA cautions commenters about submitting personal information
such as social security numbers and date of birth. Although all submissions
are listed in the http://www.regulations.gov index, some information
(e.g., copyrighted material) is not publicly available to read or
download through this Web site. All submissions, including copyrighted material,
are available for inspection and copying at the OSHA Docket Office.
Information on using the http://www.regulations.gov Web site to submit
Tips" link.
Contact the OSHA Docket Office for information about materials not
available through the Web site and for assistance in using the Internet
to locate docket submissions.
David Michaels, PhD, MPH, Assistant Secretary of Labor for
Occupational Safety and Health, directed the preparation of this notice. The
authority for this notice is the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44
U.S.C. 3506 et seq.) and Secretary of Labor's Order No. 5-2010 (75 FR
Signed at Washington, DC, on August 17, 2011.
Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12063
|
__label__cc
| 0.550157
| 0.449843
|
DOE PAGES Journal Article: Carbon dioxide (CO 2) concentrations and emission in the newly constructed Belo Monte hydropower complex in the Xingu River, Amazonia
Title: Carbon dioxide (CO 2) concentrations and emission in the newly constructed Belo Monte hydropower complex in the Xingu River, Amazonia
The Belo Monte hydropower complex located in the Xingu River is the largest run-of-the-river (ROR) hydroelectric system in the world and has one of the highest energy production capacities among dams. Its construction received significant media attention due to its potential social and environmental impacts. It is composed of two ROR reservoirs: the Xingu Reservoir (XR) in the Xingu's main branch and the Intermediate Reservoir (IR), an artificial reservoir fed by waters diverted from the Xingu River with longer water residence time compared to XR. We aimed to evaluate spatiotemporal variations in CO 2 partial pressure ( pCO 2) and CO 2 fluxes ( FCO 2) during the first 2 years after the Xingu River impoundment under the hypothesis that each reservoir has contrasting FCO 2 and pCO 2 as vegetation clearing reduces flooded area emissions. Time of the year had a significant influence on pCO 2 with the highest average values observed during the high-water season. Spatial heterogeneity throughout the entire study area was observed for pCO2 during both low- and high-water seasons. FCO 2, on the other hand, only showed significant spatial heterogeneity during the high-water period. FCO 2 (0.90±0.47 and 1.08±0.62 µmol m 2 d –1 formore » XR and IR, respectively) and pCO 2 (1647±698 and 1676±323 µatm for XR and IR, respectively) measured during the high-water season were on the same order of magnitude as previous observations in other Amazonian clearwater rivers unaffected by impoundment during the same season. In contrast, during the low-water season FCO 2 (0.69±0.28 and 7.32±4.07 µmol m 2 d –1 for XR and IR, respectively) and pCO 2 (839±646 and 1797±354 µatm for XR and IR, respectively) in IR were an order of magnitude higher than literature FCO 2 observations in clearwater rivers with naturally flowing waters. When CO 2 emissions are compared between reservoirs, IR emissions were 90 % higher than values from the XR during low-water season, reinforcing the clear influence of reservoir characteristics on CO 2 emissions. Based on our observations in the Belo Monte hydropower complex, CO 2 emissions from ROR reservoirs to the atmosphere are in the range of natural Amazonian rivers. However, the associated reservoir (IR) may exceed natural river emission rates due to the preimpounding vegetation influence. Since many reservoirs are still planned to be constructed in the Amazon and throughout the world, it is critical to evaluate the implications of reservoir traits on FCO 2 over their entire life cycle in order to improve estimates of CO 2 emissions per kilowatt for hydropower projects planned for tropical rivers.« less
de Araújo, Kleiton R. [1]; Sawakuchi, Henrique O. [2];
Search DOE PAGES for author "Sawakuchi, Henrique O."
Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-6815-7261"
Search orcid.org for ORCID "0000-0002-6815-7261"
Bertassoli Jr., Dailson J. [3]; Sawakuchi, André O. [4]; da Silva, Karina D. [5]; Vieira, Thiago B. [5]; Ward, Nicholas D. [6]; Pereira, Tatiana S. [5]
Univ. Federal do Para, Altamira (Brazil)
Univ. de Sao Paulo, Piracicaba (Brazil); Umea Univ., Umea (Sweden); Linkoping Univ., Linkoping (Sweden)
Univ. de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo (Brazil)
Univ. Federal do Para, Altamira (Brazil); Univ. de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo (Brazil)
Univ. Federal do Para, Altamira (Brazil); Univ. Federal do Para, Altamira (Brazil)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Sequim, WA (United States); Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA-140925
Journal ID: ISSN 1726-4189
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-76RL01830
Biogeosciences (Online)
Journal Name: Biogeosciences (Online); Journal Volume: 16; Journal Issue: 18; Journal ID: ISSN 1726-4189
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Amazon; aquatic; Bel Monte; biogeochemistry; carbon cycling; carbon dioxide; decomposition; disturbance; ecosystem; emission; gradients; hydroelectric dam; outgassing; reservoirs; terrestial aquatic interface; tidal river; wetland; wetland inundation
de Araújo, Kleiton R., Sawakuchi, Henrique O., Bertassoli Jr., Dailson J., Sawakuchi, André O., da Silva, Karina D., Vieira, Thiago B., Ward, Nicholas D., and Pereira, Tatiana S. Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and emission in the newly constructed Belo Monte hydropower complex in the Xingu River, Amazonia. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.5194/bg-16-3527-2019.
de Araújo, Kleiton R., Sawakuchi, Henrique O., Bertassoli Jr., Dailson J., Sawakuchi, André O., da Silva, Karina D., Vieira, Thiago B., Ward, Nicholas D., & Pereira, Tatiana S. Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and emission in the newly constructed Belo Monte hydropower complex in the Xingu River, Amazonia. United States. doi:10.5194/bg-16-3527-2019.
de Araújo, Kleiton R., Sawakuchi, Henrique O., Bertassoli Jr., Dailson J., Sawakuchi, André O., da Silva, Karina D., Vieira, Thiago B., Ward, Nicholas D., and Pereira, Tatiana S. Wed . "Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and emission in the newly constructed Belo Monte hydropower complex in the Xingu River, Amazonia". United States. doi:10.5194/bg-16-3527-2019. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1576777.
title = {Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and emission in the newly constructed Belo Monte hydropower complex in the Xingu River, Amazonia},
author = {de Araújo, Kleiton R. and Sawakuchi, Henrique O. and Bertassoli Jr., Dailson J. and Sawakuchi, André O. and da Silva, Karina D. and Vieira, Thiago B. and Ward, Nicholas D. and Pereira, Tatiana S.},
abstractNote = {The Belo Monte hydropower complex located in the Xingu River is the largest run-of-the-river (ROR) hydroelectric system in the world and has one of the highest energy production capacities among dams. Its construction received significant media attention due to its potential social and environmental impacts. It is composed of two ROR reservoirs: the Xingu Reservoir (XR) in the Xingu's main branch and the Intermediate Reservoir (IR), an artificial reservoir fed by waters diverted from the Xingu River with longer water residence time compared to XR. We aimed to evaluate spatiotemporal variations in CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and CO2 fluxes (FCO2) during the first 2 years after the Xingu River impoundment under the hypothesis that each reservoir has contrasting FCO2 and pCO2 as vegetation clearing reduces flooded area emissions. Time of the year had a significant influence on pCO2 with the highest average values observed during the high-water season. Spatial heterogeneity throughout the entire study area was observed for pCO2 during both low- and high-water seasons. FCO2, on the other hand, only showed significant spatial heterogeneity during the high-water period. FCO2 (0.90±0.47 and 1.08±0.62 µmol m2 d–1 for XR and IR, respectively) and pCO2 (1647±698 and 1676±323 µatm for XR and IR, respectively) measured during the high-water season were on the same order of magnitude as previous observations in other Amazonian clearwater rivers unaffected by impoundment during the same season. In contrast, during the low-water season FCO2 (0.69±0.28 and 7.32±4.07 µmol m2 d–1 for XR and IR, respectively) and pCO2 (839±646 and 1797±354 µatm for XR and IR, respectively) in IR were an order of magnitude higher than literature FCO2 observations in clearwater rivers with naturally flowing waters. When CO2 emissions are compared between reservoirs, IR emissions were 90 % higher than values from the XR during low-water season, reinforcing the clear influence of reservoir characteristics on CO2 emissions. Based on our observations in the Belo Monte hydropower complex, CO2 emissions from ROR reservoirs to the atmosphere are in the range of natural Amazonian rivers. However, the associated reservoir (IR) may exceed natural river emission rates due to the preimpounding vegetation influence. Since many reservoirs are still planned to be constructed in the Amazon and throughout the world, it is critical to evaluate the implications of reservoir traits on FCO2 over their entire life cycle in order to improve estimates of CO2 emissions per kilowatt for hydropower projects planned for tropical rivers.},
doi = {10.5194/bg-16-3527-2019},
journal = {Biogeosciences (Online)},
Accepted Manuscript (DOE)
DOI: 10.5194/bg-16-3527-2019
Cited by: 1 work
A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance
Anderson, Marti J.
Austral Ecology, Vol. 26, Issue 1
Downstream emissions of CH 4 and CO 2 from hydroelectric reservoirs (Tucuruí, Samuel, and Curuá-Una) in the Amazon basin
Kemenes, Alexandre; Forsberg, Bruce R.; Melack, John M.
Inland Waters, Vol. 6, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1080/IW-6.3.980
Spatial variation of sediment mineralization supports differential CO2 emissions from a tropical hydroelectric reservoir
Cardoso, Simone J.; Vidal, Luciana O.; Mendonça, Raquel F.
Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 4
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00101
Terrestrial carbon inputs to inland waters: A current synthesis of estimates and uncertainty: Terrestrial carbon inputs to inland waters
Drake, Travis W.; Raymond, Peter A.; Spencer, Robert G. M.
Limnology and Oceanography Letters, Vol. 3, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1002/lol2.10055
Recent variability of the global ocean carbon sink
Landschützer, P.; Gruber, N.; Bakker, D. C. E.
Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 28, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1002/2014GB004853
Outgassing from Amazonian rivers and wetlands as a large tropical source of atmospheric CO2
Richey, Jeffrey E.; Melack, John M.; Aufdenkampe, Anthony K.
DOI: 10.1038/416617a
Seasonal and spatial variability of CO 2 emission from a large floodplain lake in the lower Amazon
Rudorff, Conrado M.; Melack, John M.; MacIntyre, Sally
Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 116, Issue G4
DOI: 10.1029/2011JG001699
Degradation of terrestrially derived macromolecules in the Amazon River
Ward, Nicholas D.; Keil, Richard G.; Medeiros, Patricia M.
Nature Geoscience, Vol. 6, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1817
The boundless carbon cycle
Battin, Tom J.; Luyssaert, Sebastiaan; Kaplan, Louis A.
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo618
Seasonal variation of CO 2 diffusion flux from a large subtropical reservoir in East China
Wang, Fushun; Cao, Man; Wang, Baoli
Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 103
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.12.042
Advances in Quantifying Air-Sea Gas Exchange and Environmental Forcing
Wanninkhof, Rik; Asher, William E.; Ho, David T.
Annual Review of Marine Science, Vol. 1, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163742
High spatial resolution land use and land cover mapping of the Brazilian Legal Amazon in 2008 using Landsat-5/TM and MODIS data
Almeida, Cláudio Aparecido de; Coutinho, Alexandre Camargo; Esquerdo, Júlio César Dalla Mora
Acta Amazonica, Vol. 46, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1590/1809-4392201505504
Where Carbon Goes When Water Flows: Carbon Cycling across the Aquatic Continuum
Ward, Nicholas D.; Bianchi, Thomas S.; Medeiros, Patricia M.
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol. 4
DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00007
Physical controls on carbon dioxide transfer velocity and flux in low-gradient river systems and implications for regional carbon budgets
Alin, Simone R.; Rasera, Maria de Fátima F. L.; Salimon, Cleber I.
Extreme Methane Emissions from a Swiss Hydropower Reservoir: Contribution from Bubbling Sediments
DelSontro, Tonya; McGinnis, Daniel F.; Sobek, Sebastian
Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 44, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1021/es9031369
Carbon Dioxide Emission from European Estuaries
Frankignoulle, M.
Gas Exchange in Rivers and Estuaries: Choosing a Gas Transfer Velocity
Raymond, Peter A.; Cole, Jonathan J.
Estuaries, Vol. 24, Issue 2
DOI: 10.2307/1352954
Methane and carbon dioxide emissions from tropical reservoirs: Significance of downstream rivers
Guérin, Frédéric; Abril, Gwenaël; Richard, Sandrine
Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 33, Issue 21
DOI: 10.1029/2006GL027929
Methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions from two Amazonian Reservoirs during high water table
Lima, I. B. T.; Victoria, R. L.; Novo, E. M. L. M.
SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010, Vol. 28, Issue 1
Carbon Dioxide Emissions along the Lower Amazon River
Sawakuchi, Henrique O.; Neu, Vania; Ward, Nicholas D.
Hydraulic and geomorphological effects of run-of-river dams
Csiki, Shane; Rhoads, Bruce L.
Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment, Vol. 34, Issue 6
Equilibrium solubilities of methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen in water and sea water
Wiesenburg, Denis A.; Guinasso, Norman L.
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Vol. 24, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1021/je60083a006
Spatial and temporal variability of pCO2 and CO2 efflux in seven Amazonian Rivers
de Fátima F. L. Rasera, Maria; Krusche, Alex V.; Richey, Jeffrey E.
Biogeochemistry, Vol. 116, Issue 1-3
Photochemical production of dissolved inorganic carbon from terrestrial organic matter: Significance to the oceanic organic carbon cycle
Miller, William L.; Zepp, Richard G.
Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 22, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1029/94GL03344
Global carbon dioxide emissions from inland waters
Raymond, Peter A.; Hartmann, Jens; Lauerwald, Ronny
Variability of carbon dioxide flux from tropical (Cerrado) hydroelectric reservoirs
Roland, Fábio; Vidal, Luciana O.; Pacheco, Felipe S.
Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 72, Issue 3
The Volta Grande do Xingu: reconstruction of past environments and forecasting of future scenarios of a unique Amazonian fluvial landscape
Sawakuchi, A. O.; Hartmann, G. A.; Sawakuchi, H. O.
Scientific Drilling, Vol. 20
DOI: 10.5194/sd-20-21-2015
Changes in water types under the regulated mode of water level in Three Gorges Reservoir, China
Xu, Yaoyang; Zhang, Min; Wang, Lan
Quaternary International, Vol. 244, Issue 2
CO 2 emissions from a tropical hydroelectric reservoir (Balbina, Brazil)
Influence of plankton metabolism and mixing depth on CO2 dynamics in an Amazon floodplain lake
Amaral, João Henrique F.; Borges, Alberto V.; Melack, John M.
Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 630
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.331
Plumbing the Global Carbon Cycle: Integrating Inland Waters into the Terrestrial Carbon Budget
Cole, J. J.; Prairie, Y. T.; Caraco, N. F.
Ecosystems, Vol. 10, Issue 1
Evaluation of Primary Production in the Lower Amazon River Based on a Dissolved Oxygen Stable Isotopic Mass Balance
Gagne-Maynard, William C.; Ward, Nicholas D.; Keil, Richard G.
Technical Note: Cost-efficient approaches to measure carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) fluxes and concentrations in terrestrial and aquatic environments using mini loggers
Bastviken, D.; Sundgren, I.; Natchimuthu, S.
Biogeosciences, Vol. 12, Issue 12
Anaerobic decomposition of tropical soils and plant material: Implication for the CO2 and CH4 budget of the Petit Saut Reservoir
Guérin, Frédéric; Abril, Gwenaël; de Junet, Alexis
Applied Geochemistry, Vol. 23, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.04.001
The ecosystem size and shape dependence of gas transfer velocity versus wind speed relationships in lakes
Vachon, Dominic; Prairie, Yves T.
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 70, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0241
Carbon dioxide and methane emissions and the carbon budget of a 10-year old tropical reservoir (Petit Saut, French Guiana): CO
Abril, Gwenaël; Guérin, Frédéric; Richard, Sandrine
Prevalence of Heterotrophy and Atmospheric CO2 Emissions from Aquatic Ecosystems
Duarte, Carlos M.; Prairie, Yves T.
Ecosystems, Vol. 8, Issue 7
The diversity of hydropower projects
Egré, Dominique; Milewski, Joseph C.
Energy Policy, Vol. 30, Issue 14
On the parameters influencing air-water gas exchange
Jähne, Bernd; Münnich, Karl Otto; Bösinger, Rainer
Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 92, Issue C2
DOI: 10.1029/JC092iC02p01937
Balancing hydropower and biodiversity in the Amazon, Congo, and Mekong
Winemiller, K. O.; McIntyre, P. B.; Castello, L.
DOI: 10.1126/science.aac7082
Estimating greenhouse gas emissions from future Amazonian hydroelectric reservoirs
de Faria, Felipe A. M.; Jaramillo, Paulina; Sawakuchi, Henrique O.
Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/124019
Event controlled DOC export from forested watersheds
Raymond, Peter A.; Saiers, James E.
Dams in the Amazon: Belo Monte and Brazil’s Hydroelectric Development of the Xingu River Basin
Fearnside, Phillip M.
Environmental Management, Vol. 38, Issue 1
Tropical rivers
Latrubesse, E. M.; Stevaux, J. C.; Sinha, R.
Geomorphology, Vol. 70, Issue 3-4
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.02.005
Spatially Resolved Measurements of CO 2 and CH 4 Concentration and Gas-Exchange Velocity Highly Influence Carbon-Emission Estimates of Reservoirs
Paranaíba, José R.; Barros, Nathan; Mendonça, Raquel
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05138
Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean
Wanninkhof, Rik
DOI: 10.1029/92JC00188
Erratum: Biophysical controls on organic carbon fluxes in fluvial networks
Battin, Tom J.; Kaplan, Louis A.; Findlay, Stuart
Carbon dioxide emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir, China
Li, Shuang; Wang, Fushun; Luo, Wenyun
Acta Geochimica, Vol. 36, Issue 4
Spatial Heterogeneity of Surface CO2 Fluxes in a Newly Created Eastmain-1 Reservoir in Northern Quebec, Canada
Teodoru, Cristian R.; Prairie, Yves T.; del Giorgio, Paul A.
A global inventory of lakes based on high-resolution satellite imagery
Verpoorter, Charles; Kutser, Tiit; Seekell, David A.
The global abundance and size distribution of lakes, ponds, and impoundments
Downing, J. A.; Prairie, Y. T.; Cole, J. J.
Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 51, Issue 5
DOI: 10.4319/lo.2006.51.5.2388
The reactivity of plant-derived organic matter and the potential importance of priming effects along the lower Amazon River: ORGANIC MATTER REACTIVITY IN THE AMAZON
Ward, Nicholas D.; Bianchi, Thomas S.; Sawakuchi, Henrique O.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, Vol. 121, Issue 6
Hydraulic Characteristics of the Lower Snake River during Periods of Juvenile Fall Chinook Salmon Migration, 2002-2006 Final Report.
Technical Report Cook, C. ; Dibrani, B. ; Richmond, M. ; ...
This report documents a four-year study to assess hydraulic conditions in the lower Snake River. The work was conducted for the Bonneville Power Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Cold water released from the Dworshak Reservoir hypolimnion during mid- to late-summer months cools the Clearwater River far below equilibrium temperature. The volume of released cold water augments the Clearwater River, and the combined total discharge is on the order of the Snake River discharge when the two rivers meet at their confluence near the upstream edge of Lower Granite Reservoir. With typical temperature differences betweenmore » the Clearwater and Snake rivers of 10 C or more during July and August, the density difference between the two rivers during summer flow augmentation periods is sufficient to stratify Lower Granite Reservoir as well as the other three reservoirs downstream. Because cooling of the river is desirable for migrating juvenile fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during this same time period, the amount of mixing and cold water entrained into Lower Granite Reservoir's epilimnion at the Clearwater/Snake River confluence is of key biological importance. Data collected during this project indicates the three reservoirs downstream of Lower Granite also stratify as direct result of flow augmentation from Dworshak Reservoir. These four reservoirs are also heavily influenced by wind forcing at the water's surface and during periods of low river discharge often behave like a two-layer lake. During these periods of stratification, lower river discharge, and wind forcing, the water in the upper layer of the reservoir is held in place or moves slightly upstream. This upper layer is also exposed to surface heating and may warm up to temperatures close to equilibrium temperature. The thickness (depth) of this upper warm layer and its direction of travel may be of key biological importance to juvenile fall Chinook salmon. This report describes field data collection, modeling, and analysis of hydrodynamic and temperature conditions in the Lower Granite Reservoir during the summer flow augmentation periods of 2002, 2003, and 2004. Although temperature, and hence density, differences during flow augmentation periods between the Clearwater and Snake rivers were approximately equal (7-12 C) for all four years, the discharge ratio varied which resulted in significant differences in entrainment of cooler Clearwater River water into the Lower Granite Reservoir epilimnion. However, as a direct result of system management, Lower Granite Dam tailrace temperatures were maintained near 20 C during all years. Primary differences in the other three lower Snake River reservoirs were therefore a result of meteorological conditions and dam operations, which produced variations in wind setup and surface heating. Circulation patterns in all four lower Snake River reservoirs were numerically simulated for periods of 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 using CE-QUAL-W2. Simulation results show that these models are capable of matching diurnal and long-term temperature and velocity changes in the reservoirs. In addition, the confluence zone of the Clearwater and Snake rivers was modeled using the three-dimensional non-hydrostatic model Flow3D. Once calibrated and validated, the reservoir models were used to investigate downstream impacts of alternative reservoir operation schemes, such as increasing or decreasing the ratio of Clearwater to Snake river discharge. Simulation results were linked with the particle tracking model FINS to develop reservoir-integrated metrics that varied due to these alternative operation schemes. Findings indicate that significant alterations in water temperature throughout the lower Snake River are possible by altering hypolimnetic discharges from Dworshak Reservoir, which may also impact the behavior of migrating juvenile fall Chinook salmon during periods of flow augmentation.« less
Journal Article Gagne-Maynard, William C. ; Ward, Nicholas D. ; Keil, Richard G. ; ... - Frontiers in Marine Science
The Amazon River outgasses nearly an equivalent amount of CO 2 as the rainforest sequesters on an annual basis due to microbial decomposition of terrigenous and aquatic organic matter. Most research performed in the Amazon has been focused on unraveling the mechanisms driving CO 2 production since the recognition of a persistent state of CO 2 supersaturation. However, although the river system is clearly net heterotrophic, the interplay between primary production and respiration is an essential aspect to understanding the overall metabolism of the ecosystem and potential transfer of energy up trophic levels. For example, an efficient ecosystem is capablemore » of both decomposing high amounts of organic matter at lower trophic levels, driving CO 2 emissions, and accumulating energy/biomass in higher trophic levels, stimulating fisheries production. Early studies found minimal evidence for primary production in the Amazon River mainstem and it has since been assumed that photosynthesis is strongly limited by low light penetration attributed to the high sediment load. Here, we test this assumption by measuring the stable isotopic composition of O 2 (δ 18O-O 2) and O 2 saturation levels in the lower Amazon River from Óbidos to the river mouth and its major tributaries, the Xingu and Tapajós rivers, during high and low water periods. An oxygen mass balance model was developed to estimate the input of photosynthetic oxygen in the discrete reach from Óbidos to Almeirim, midway to the river mouth. Based on the oxygen mass balance we estimate that primary production occurred at a rate of 0.39 ± 0.24 g O m 3 d -1 at high water and 1.02 ± 0.55 g O m 3 d -1 at low water. This translates to 41 ± 24% of the rate of O 2 drawdown via respiration during high water and 67 ± 33% during low water. These primary production rates are 2-7 times higher than past estimates for the Amazon River mainstem. In conclusion, it is possible that at high water much of this productivity signal is the result of legacy advection from floodplains, whereas limited floodplain connectivity during low water implies that most of this signal is the result of in situ primary production in the Amazon River mainstem.« less
Hydraulic Characteristics of the Lower Snake River During Periods of Juvenile Fall Chinook Migration
Technical Report Cook, Chris B. ; Dibrani, Berhon ; Richmond, Marshall C. ; ...
This report documents a four-year study to assess hydraulic conditions in the lower Snake River. The work was conducted for the Bonneville Power Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Cold water released from the Dworshak Reservoir hypolimnion during mid- to late-summer months cools the Clearwater River far below equilibrium temperature. The volume of released cold water augments the Clearwater River, and the combined total discharge is on the order of the Snake River discharge when the two rivers meet at their confluence near the upstream edge of Lower Granite Reservoir. With typical temperature differences betweenmore » the Clearwater and Snake rivers of 10°C or more during July and August, the density difference between the two rivers during summer flow augmentation periods is sufficient to stratify Lower Granite Reservoir as well as the other three reservoirs downstream. Because cooling of the river is desirable for migrating juvenile fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during this same time period, the amount of mixing and cold water entrained into Lower Granite Reservoir’s epilimnion at the Clearwater/Snake River confluence is of key biological importance to juvenile fall Chinook salmon. Data collected during this project indicates the three reservoirs downstream of Lower Granite also stratify as direct result of flow augmentation from Dworshak Reservoir. These four lower Snake reservoirs are also heavily influenced by wind forcing at the water’s surface, and during periods of low river discharge, often behave like a two-layer lake. During these periods of stratification, lower river discharge, and wind forcing, the water in the upper layer of the reservoir is held in place or moves slightly upstream. This upper layer is also exposed to surface heating and may warm up to temperatures close to equilibrium temperature. The depth of this upper warm layer and its direction of travel may also be of key biological importance to juvenile fall Chinook salmon. This report describes field data collection, modeling, and analysis of hydrodynamic and temperature conditions in the Lower Granite Reservoir during the summer flow augmentation periods of 2002, 2003, and 2004 plus a brief one-week period in 2005 of Lower Monumental, Little Goose, and Lower Granite Reservoirs. Circulation patterns in all four lower Snake River reservoirs were numerically simulated for periods of 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 using CE-QUAL-W2. Simulation results show that these models are sufficiently capable of matching diurnal and long term temperature and velocity changes in the reservoirs. In addition, the confluence zone of the Clearwater and Snake rivers was modeled using the 3-D model Flow3-D. This model was used to better understand mixing processing and entrainment. Once calibrated and validated, the reservoir models were used to investigate downstream impacts of alternative reservoir operation schemes, such as increasing or decreasing the ratio of Clearwater to Snake discharge. Simulation results were also linked with the particle tracking model FINS to better understand alterations of integrated metrics due to alternative operation schemes. These findings indicate that significant alterations in water temperature throughout the lower Snake River are possible by altering hypolimnetic discharges from Dworshak Reservoir and may have a significant impact on the behavior of migrating juvenile fall Chinook salmon during periods of flow augmentation.« less
CO 2 is dominant greenhouse gas emitted from six hydropower reservoirs in southeastern United States during peak summer emissions
Journal Article Bevelhimer, Mark S. ; Stewart, Aurthur J. ; Fortner, Allison M. ; ... - Water (Basel)
During August-September 2012, we sampled six hydropower reservoirs in southeastern United States. for CO 2 and CH 4 emissions via three pathways: diffusive emissions from water surface; ebullition in the water column; and losses from dam tailwaters during power generation. Average total emission rates of CO 2 for the six reservoirs ranged from 1,127 to 2,051 mg m -2 d -1, which is low to moderate compared to CO 2 emissions rates reported for tropical hydropower reservoirs and boreal ponds and lakes, and similar to rates reported for other temperate reservoirs. Similar average rates for CH 4 were also relativelymore » low, ranging from 5 to 83 mg m -2 d -1. On a whole-reservoir basis, total emissions of CO 2 ranged nearly 10-fold, from ~51,000 kg per day for Fontana to ~486,000 kg per day for Guntersville, and total emissions of CH 4 ranged nearly 20-fold, from ~5 kg per day for Fontana to ~83 kg per day for Allatoona. Emissions through the tailwater pathway varied among reservoirs, comprising from 20 to 50% of total CO 2 emissions and 0 to 90% of CH 4 emissions, depending on the reservoir. Furthermore, several explanatory factors related to reservoir morphology and water quality were considered for observed differences among reservoirs.« less
DOI: 10.3390/w8010015
Methane flux from the Amazon River floodplain: Emissions during rising water
Journal Article Bartlett, K.B. ; Crill, P.M. ; Bonassi, J.A. ; ... - Journal of Geophysical Research; (USA)
During April and May of 1987, an extensive methane flux data set from Amazonian wetland habitats was collected during the wet season as river water levels were high and rising. This work extends measurements made in the dry season of 1985, when water levels were falling. A total of 284 flux measurements were made in the three primary floodplain environments of open-water lakes and channels, floating grass mats, and flooded forests, along approximately 1,500 km of the central floodplain. Emissions (means and standard errors) were 74 {plus minus} 14 mg CH{sub 4}/m{sup 2}/d (open water), 201 {plus minus} 35 mgmore » CH{sub 4}/m{sup 2}/d (grass mats), and 126 {plus minus} 20 mg CH{sub 4}/m{sup 2}/d (flooded forests). These values were not significantly different from the majority of those from 1985, in part due to the high variability in flux seen at both times. Although ebullition was a significant component of methane emissions at both periods, the frequency of bubbling and its contribution to total flux was lower during the period of rising water than during falling water. A prominent diurnal pattern in atmospheric methane concentrations was observed, with minimum levels of about 1.75 ppm at midday and a maximum of 2.12 ppm at about midnight. Given the relatively small season changes observed in flux at the two stages of the rivers hydrographic curve, earlier estimates of regional methane flux remain largely unchanged. Revision of global estimates of wetland methane sources based on these tropical data and recently published figures for northern peatlands indicated that tropical wetlands may be more important than previously suggested, but that wetland sources overall remain at approximately 110 Tg/yr.« less
DOI: 10.1029/JD095iD10p16773
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12064
|
__label__wiki
| 0.671853
| 0.671853
|
Audio Download 2017
Sam Wyndham Book 2.
#2 in the Series: Sam Wyndham
Abir Mukherjee
WINNER 2018 WILBUR SMITH ADVENTURE WRITING PRIZE
SHORTLISTED FOR THE 2018 HISTORICAL AND GOLD DAGGERS
LONGLISTED FOR THE 2018 CWA STEEL DAGGER
FEATURED ON ITV'S ZOE BALL BOOK CLUB 2018
India, 1920. Captain Sam Wyndham and Sergeant Banerjee of Calcutta Police must investigate the dramatic assassination of a Maharaja's son...
Sam Wyndham is visiting the kingdom of Sambalpore, home to diamond mines and the beautiful Palace of the Sun.
But when the Maharaja’s eldest son is assassinated, Wyndham realises that the realm is riven with conflict. Prince Adhir was unpopular with religious groups, while his brother – now in line to the throne – appears to be a feckless playboy.
As Wyndham and Sergeant ‘Surrender-not’ Banerjee endeavour to unravel the mystery, they become entangled in a dangerous world. They must find the murderer, before the murderer finds them.
Praise for the Sam Wyndham series:
‘An exceptional historical crime novel’ C.J. Sansom
‘A thought-provoking rollercoaster’ Ian Rankin
‘Confirms Abir Mukherjee as a rising star of historical crime fiction’
‘Cracking… A journey into the dark underbelly of the British Raj’ Daily Express
If you enjoyed A Necessary Evil, the third Sam Wyndham mystery, Smoke and Ashes, is available now.
"Even better than his first… What is most striking about Mukherjee’s novels is his infectious enjoyment of the human oddity of the British in India… Even better is his portrayal of the mix of opulence and spirituality that characterises Sambalpore under its sybaritic but benevolent maharaja… I can’t imagine anyone failing to enjoy it"
Jake Kerridge, Daily Telegraph
"A year ago I welcomed the arrival of Captain Sam Wyndham and his faithful Sergeant… and I am delight to report that his return is every bit as engaging"
Geoffrey Wansell, Daily Mail
"A richly detailed period gem boasting the British Raj’s exotic setting and a gripping "whydunit" spun around an intriguing cast"
Christine Tran, Booklist
"An intriguing and enjoyable crime novel"
Sarah Shaffi, Stylist
"He writes beautifully, bringing the colourful kingdom of Sambalpore to vivid life and taking the reader on a highly entertaining journey to unearth the dark secrets as its core, with unexpected twists on the way to a satisfying finale"
Jon Coates, Daily Express
A Rising Man
Smoke and Ashes
Death in the East
Abir Mukherjee is the bestselling author of the Wyndham & Banerjee series of crime novels set in Raj-era India. His debut, A Rising Man, won the CWA Endeavour Dagger for best historical crime novel of 2017, was shortlisted for the MWA Edgar for best novel, was a Sunday Times Crime Book of the Month, and Waterstones Thriller of the Month. His second novel, A Necessary Evil, won the Wilbur Smith Award for Adventure Writing, was shortlisted for the CWA Gold Dagger for best crime novel of 2018, and was featured on ITV as a Zoe Ball Book Club pick. His third novel, Smoke and Ashes, is out now. Abir grew up in Scotland and lives in London with his wife and two sons.
The book that changed my summer
The author: 10 things I learnt about the publishing process
Abir Mukherjee on the history of Calcutta
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12076
|
__label__wiki
| 0.99936
| 0.99936
|
Adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
Religious composition of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
Christian 76%
Evangelical Protestant 25%
Baptist Family (Evangelical Trad.) 9%
Southern Baptist Convention 5%
Independent Baptist (Evangelical Trad.) 3%
Missionary Baptist (Evangelical Trad.) < 1%
Conservative Baptist Association of America < 1%
Free Will Baptist < 1%
General Association of Regular Baptist Churches < 1%
Other Baptist (Evangelical Trad.) < 1%
Methodist Family (Evangelical Trad.) < 1%
Nondenominational Family (Evangelical Trad.) 4%
Nondenominational evangelical 1%
Nondenominational fundamentalist < 1%
Nondenominational charismatic 1%
Nondenominational Christian (Evangelical Trad.) < 1%
Interdenominational (Evangelical Trad.) < 1%
Community Church (Evangelical Trad.) < 1%
Other Nondenominational (Evangelical Trad.) 1%
Lutheran Family (Evangelical Trad.) 2%
Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod 1%
Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod < 1%
Other Lutheran (Evangelical Trad.) 1%
Presbyterian Family (Evangelical Trad.) 1%
Presbyterian Church in America < 1%
Other Presbyterian (Evangelical Trad.) 1%
Pentecostal Family (Evangelical Trad.) 5%
Assemblies of God 1%
Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee) 1%
Foursquare Church < 1%
Pentecostal Church of God < 1%
Pentecostal Holiness Church < 1%
Calvary Chapel 1%
Apostolic Pentecostal (Evangelical Trad.) < 1%
Nondenominational Pentecostal (Evangelical Trad.) < 1%
Church of God of the Apostolic Faith < 1%
Other Pentecostal (Evangelical Trad.) 2%
Episcopalian/Anglican Family (Evangelical Trad.) < 1%
Restorationist Family (Evangelical Trad.) 2%
Churches of Christ 2%
Christian Churches and Churches of Christ < 1%
Other Restorationist (Evangelical Trad.) < 1%
Congregationalist Family (Evangelical Trad.) < 1%
Conservative Congregational Christian Conference < 1%
Other Congregationalist (Evangelical Trad.) < 1%
Holiness Family (Evangelical Trad.) 1%
Church of the Nazarene < 1%
Wesleyan Church < 1%
Free Methodist Church < 1%
Christian and Missionary Alliance < 1%
Church of God (Anderson, Indiana) < 1%
Other Holiness (Evangelical Trad.) < 1%
Reformed Family (Evangelical Trad.) < 1%
Christian Reformed Church < 1%
Other Reformed (Evangelical Trad.) < 1%
Adventist Family (Evangelical Trad.) < 1%
Seventh-day Adventist < 1%
Other Adventist (Evangelical Trad.) < 1%
Anabaptist Family (Evangelical Trad.) < 1%
Pietist Family (Evangelical Trad.) < 1%
Other evangelical/fundamentalist family (Evangelical Trad.) < 1%
Nonspecific Protestant Family (Evangelical Trad.) 3%
Mainline Protestant 13%
Baptist Family (Mainline Trad.) 3%
American Baptist Churches USA 2%
Other Baptist (Mainline Trad.) 1%
Methodist Family (Mainline Trad.) 3%
United Methodist Church 3%
Other Methodist (Mainline Trad.) < 1%
Nondenominational Family (Mainline Trad.) 1%
Interdenominational (Mainline Trad.) < 1%
Other Nondenominational (Mainline Trad.) < 1%
Lutheran Family (Mainline Trad.) 1%
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) < 1%
Other Lutheran (Mainline Trad.) 1%
Presbyterian Family (Mainline Trad.) 1%
Presbyterian Church (USA) < 1%
Other Presbyterian (Mainline Trad.) < 1%
Episcopalian/Anglican Family (Mainline Trad.) 1%
Episcopal Church < 1%
Anglican Church < 1%
Other Episcopalian/Anglican (Mainline Trad.) < 1%
Restorationist Family (Mainline Trad.) < 1%
Disciples of Christ < 1%
Other Restorationist (Mainline Trad.) < 1%
Congregationalist Family (Mainline Trad.) 1%
United Church of Christ 1%
Other Congregationalist (Mainline Trad.) < 1%
Reformed Family (Mainline Trad.) < 1%
Reformed Church in America < 1%
Other Reformed (Mainline Trad.) < 1%
Anabaptist Family (Mainline Trad.) < 1%
Friends Family (Mainline Trad.) < 1%
Nonspecific Protestant Family (Mainline Trad.) 2%
Historically Black Protestant 10%
Baptist Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) 6%
National Baptist Convention 1%
Progressive Baptist Convention 1%
Independent Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) < 1%
Missionary Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) < 1%
Other Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) 3%
Methodist Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) < 1%
African Methodist Episcopal Church < 1%
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church < 1%
Christian Methodist Episcopal Church < 1%
Other Methodist (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) < 1%
Pentecostal Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) 2%
Church of God in Christ 1%
Apostolic Pentecostal (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) < 1%
United Pentecostal Church International < 1%
Other Pentecostal (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) 1%
Holiness Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) < 1%
Nondenominational Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) 1%
Nonspecific Protestant Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) < 1%
Catholic 25%
Mormon 1%
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 1%
Other Mormon < 1%
Orthodox Christian < 1%
Greek Orthodox < 1%
Russian Orthodox < 1%
Orthodox Church in America < 1%
Other Orthodox Christian < 1%
Jehovah's Witness 1%
Other Christian < 1%
Metaphysical Family < 1%
Spiritualist < 1%
Unity Church < 1%
Other Metaphysical Christian ("Other Christian" Trad.) < 1%
Others in the "Other Christian" Tradition < 1%
Non-Christian Faiths 4%
Jewish 1%
Muslim < 1%
Buddhist 1%
Hindu < 1%
Other World Religions < 1%
Other Faiths 1%
Unitarians and other liberal faiths in the "Other Faiths" Tradition < 1%
Unitarian < 1%
Humanist < 1%
Deist < 1%
Spiritual but not religious < 1%
Eclectic, a bit of everything, "I have my own beliefs" < 1%
Other in the "Unitarian and other liberal faiths" family < 1%
New Age 1%
Pagan or Wiccan 1%
Other in the New Age family < 1%
Native American Religions < 1%
Unaffiliated (religious "nones") 20%
Atheist 1%
Agnostic 3%
Nothing in particular 17%
Nothing in particular (religion not important) 8%
Nothing in particular (religion important) 8%
Don't know < 1%
Age distribution among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who are ages…
Compare: age group by household incomeage group by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Generational cohort among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who are…
15% 19% 25% 26% 14% 2% 950
< 1% 19% 28% 26% 21% 6% 964
Compare: generational group by household incomegenerational group by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Gender composition among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
Compare: gender by household incomegender by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Racial and ethnic composition among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who identify as…
Compare: race/ethnicity by household incomerace/ethnicity by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Immigrant status among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
19% 8% 73% 971
Compare: immigrant status by household incomeimmigrant status by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Educational distribution among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who have completed…
High school or less
Post-graduate degree
Compare: educational group by household incomeeducational group by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Marital status among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
29% 9% 19% 11% 32% 955
34% 10% 19% 13% 23% 975
Compare: marital status by household incomemarital status by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Parent of children under 18 among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
Compare: parental status by household incomeparental status by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Belief in God among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who say they…
Compare: belief in God by household incomebelief in God by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Importance of religion in one's life among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who say religion is…
Compare: importance of religion by household incomeimportance of religion by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Attendance at religious services among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who attend religious services…
Compare: religious attendance by household incomereligious attendance by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Frequency of prayer among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who pray…
53% 18% 8% 21% < 1% 958
Compare: frequency of prayer by household incomefrequency of prayer by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who attend prayer group…
Compare: attendance at prayer groups by household incomeattendance at prayer groups by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Frequency of meditation among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who meditate…
Compare: frequency of meditation by household incomefrequency of meditation by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
Compare: frequency of feelings of spiritual wellbeing by household incomefrequency of feelings of spiritual wellbeing by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
33% 9% 45% 11% 2% 958
Compare: sources of guidance on right and wrong by household incomesources of guidance on right and wrong by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who say…
Compare: belief in existence of standards for right and wrong by household incomebelief in existence of standards for right and wrong by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Frequency of reading scripture among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who read scripture…
Compare: frequency of reading scripture by household incomefrequency of reading scripture by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Interpreting scripture among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who say the holy scripture is…
Compare: interpretation of scripture by household incomeinterpretation of scripture by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Belief in Heaven among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who …in heaven
Compare: belief in heaven by household incomebelief in heaven by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Belief in Hell among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who …in hell
Compare: belief in hell by household incomebelief in hell by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Party affiliation among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
Compare: political party by household incomepolitical party by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Political ideology among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
Compare: political ideology by household incomepolitical ideology by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Views about size of government among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who would rather have…
Compare: views about size of government by household incomeviews about size of government by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Views about government aid to the poor among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who say government aid to the poor…
Compare: views about government aid to the poor by household incomeviews about government aid to the poor by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Views about abortion among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who say abortion should be…
Compare: views about abortion by household incomeviews about abortion by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Views about homosexuality among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who say homosexuality…
Compare: views about homosexuality by household incomeviews about homosexuality by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Views about same-sex marriage among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who …same-sex marriage
Compare: views about same-sex marriage by household incomeviews about same-sex marriage by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Views about environmental regulation among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
Compare: views about environmental protection by household incomeviews about environmental protection by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
Views about human evolution among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000
% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of less than $30,000 who say humans…
Compare: views about human evolution by household incomeviews about human evolution by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12083
|
__label__wiki
| 0.801773
| 0.801773
|
Sports May 22, 2019 10:03 pm
Chargers, Raiders bound for state baseball championship series
By Justin Kline
Hammond Stadium is a little less than two and a half hours from the Plant City area by car. The simplest way to get there is to take I-75 to Daniels Parkway, then cut onto Six Mile Cypress Parkway until you get to the home of the Fort Myers Miracle.
If you still need help, just follow the buses for the Strawberry Crest Chargers and Plant City Raiders baseball teams next week.
Both teams made the cut for the FHSAA Final Four with a pair of Wednesday night regional championship wins. Crest survived a late Chiles rally to take a 3-2 win and Plant City cruised to a 3-0 win at Seminole. The Chargers are now back-to-back regional champs and, to hear everyone in garnet and black tell it, no longer “just happy to be there” at states — they’re back and they’re hungrier than ever. The Raiders, on the other hand, continued to go boldly where no PCHS baseball team has gone before and won their first-ever 8A-Region 2 title.
“It feels awesome,” SCHS head coach Eric Beattie said. “It’s a hard thing to do once, and now we’re going back.”
Crest took its first and only lead of the game in the bottom of the third inning when Kade Manderscheid scored Alex Mussenden with an RBI single. The Chargers got the remainder of their offense on the scoreboard in the next half-inning, plating two in the bottom of the fourth when Caleb Weaver scored on a fielding error at second base and Mussenden’s sacrifice RBI drove in Ryan Dell.
The game went by quickly — five innings were completed in just over one hour, largely thanks to Alex Marshall’s perfection on the mound — until the sixth inning, when Chiles took advantage of some mistakes by an otherwise airtight Crest defense. Tyler Gerteisen scored on an error after an attempt to throw him out was unsuccessful, and a sacrifice RBI by Grant Gallagher brought Mason Correa across home plate to cut the Chargers’ lead to one. Marshall was able to recover and induce a groundout and a flyout to end the inning.
Crest nearly put some more points on the board in the bottom of the sixth with two outs and Joey Parrillo on second base, but Colby Fanning’s liner to left field was caught in the air on an athletic diving play.
Manderscheid took the mound for the Chargers to get the save and, after a series of pickoff attempts at second base left the Crest defense visibly frustrated, finally broke through. Cullen Craig struck out looking. Jaxson West flied out. Dillon Gieseckie was accidentally hit by a pitch and took his base, but it didn’t matter: Parker McDonald hit a grounder quickly thrown to a hyped-up Tanner Kelley for the final out. The Chargers again proved they could handle high stress.
“We practice stressful situations at practice a lot,” Manderscheid said. “Our coaches really help us push through. We’ve just got such a great team. We’ve got the best defense around.”
Meanwhile, at Seminole High School, Plant City took control early in the game when Tyler Dowdy blasted a solo shot over the outfield fence to give the Raiders a 1-0 lead in the top of the second inning. Cade Shissler drove in two RBI, first scoring Mario Williams on a double and later scoring Casey Mawhinney on an infield single. Parker Messick gave up just one hit and one walk to the Warhawks to get the win.
“PCHS has never made it past the regional semifinal before,” Raiders head coach Mike Fryrear said. “We’re feeling good. I’m still in a daze, a little bit. The boys have calmed down now but they were going wild on the bus. It feels good… but we know we have to focus on winning at states.”
Plant City’s state semifinal opponent is already known. Hollywood-McArthur, coached by former Major League Baseball player Oddibe McDowell, picked up a 2-0 win at home over St. Thomas Aquinas Wednesday night to get to the Final Four. The Mustangs (15-5; 2-1 district) have not allowed a run in their last three games and have outscored opponents 10-0 in that time. The Raiders and Mustangs will face off at 7 p.m. May 29.
Strawberry Crest’s opponent will be decided Thursday night. The winner of the Windermere-George Jenkins game will go on to face the Chargers at 4 p.m. May 29. Windermere (24-4; 13-0 district) made it to the 8A-Region 3 championship round with a 3-2 home win over Hagerty on May 18. George Jenkins (20-6; 4-2 district) got there with a 4-3 win over Lakeland on May 18. Like Crest, Jenkins also made it to the 8A state Final Four last year and lost in the semifinal round (a 6-3 loss to eventual champion St. Thomas Aquinas).
Filed Under: High Schools, Plant City, Sports, Strawberry Crest
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12090
|
__label__wiki
| 0.624624
| 0.624624
|
Highlights of the season
Rates and annual tickets
Plan of the Garden
Film- and photoshoots
Research facilities and expertise
Scientific mobility
Opportunities for PhD and postdoctoral fellowships
To searchform
Jerôme DEGREEF
Botanic Garden Meise - OUR SCIENTISTS
Jerôme DEGREEF, PhD
Agronomist Ir, Directeur scientifique Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles
CONTACT : Jerôme Degreef +32 2 260.09.54
List of Publication (PDF) - My Google Scholar profile
I have been working more than 10 years as Head of department at the former National Botanic Garden of Belgium (now Meise Botanic Garden), supervising research on cryptogams diversity (algae, mosses, lichens and fungi) and managing the cryptogams section of herbarium BR (around 700.000 specimens), an inexhaustible source of information about the past and current biodiversity and an indispensable tool for research and conservation.
I was appointed Scientific director in 2014 and I currently manage the 30 staff members from the Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles collaborating in the achievement of the Meise Botanic Garden missions. In addition to my team leader activities and administrative tasks, my research focuses on the tropical fungi with a special interest in the edible African species and the valorization of these ecosystem services for development. I namely co-authored field guides for identifying the most commonly consumed fungi in central African dense forests and South-Eastern African miombo.
With the permanent aim to increase the local mycological expertise and the knowledge of fungal diversity in Africa, I regularly organize workshops and field trainings in the region and I supervise research of local students. I am also eager to share this important scientific data by editing and promoting the Fungus Flora of Tropical Africa, the only taxonomical series specifically dedicated to African mushrooms. With the support of the Network of the mycologists from the African Great Lakes region I co-funded in 2013, we launched the www.EFTA-online.org annotated database, the first website ever dedicated to the edible fungi of tropical Africa.
> Domain regulations
> Poisonous plants
> Feedback and complaints
> Terms of use
Facebook Flickr Twitter YouTube
© Plantentuin Meise
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12091
|
__label__wiki
| 0.973223
| 0.973223
|
PSLS • News • PlayStation Move/PlayStation Camera • PS3 / PlayStation 3 News, Trophies, Reviews, and More
Sony Unveils Official Sharp Shooter Attachment for PlayStation Move
Sebastian MossThursday, December 09, 2010
The PlayStation Move may be a super-precise take on motion controller gaming, and with its buttons, the trigger makes the controller perfect for First Person Shooters, but it doesn’t exactly look like a gun. Want a bit more realism when you game? Don’t worry, Sony has announced a “Sharp Shooter Attachment” for the Move – just in time for Killzone 3.
Sony Computer Entertainment America today announced the official sharp shooter attachment for the PlayStation Move, coming February 2011. The peripheral will support Killzone 3, Time Crisis: Razing Storm, SOCOM 4: U.S. Navy SEALs and Dead Space Extraction, as well as many future PlayStation Move titles.
John Koller, Director of Hardware Marketing, SCEA said:
PlayStation Move was designed with the goal of providing the most engaging and intuitive motion gaming experience possible, from a diverse range of genres.
Continuing:
We’ve already seen a tremendous response to PlayStation Move’s launch lineup. With a heritage built on innovation and a significant lineup of shooter and action titles on the horizon, we’re truly evolving motion gaming with unmatched precision and a deeper sense of immersion than has ever been offered. When coupled with stereoscopic 3D support, such as in Killzone 3, the PlayStation Move sharp shooter represents a new step toward the ultimate goal of any cutting-edge video game: placing players directly in the game.
On top of that, a new “Jungle Green” DualShock 3 controller will also be available in February 2011 for $54.99.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12093
|
__label__cc
| 0.56205
| 0.43795
|
Last Sabbath will certainly go down as an historic day in the journey of the worship communities of this university. Not just because well over a thousand people were fed Haystacks (Heaven’s favorite menu item?) and homemade desserts in Johnson Gym Sabbath afternoon. But also because of the spiritual quest that ignited the Great Exchange between New Life Fellowship and Pioneer Memorial Church Sabbath morning.
The quest for racial reconciliation has been on the hearts of the leaders of New Life Fellowship and the Pioneer Memorial Church this winter. As a symbol of that shared mission, the leaders of both worship communities considered a plan for the final Sabbath of the school year. What if the New Life Fellowship, meeting in the crowded seminary chapel, exchanged places with Pioneer’s second service congregation (11:45 AM) on that last Sabbath, so that both worship communities could experience each other’s worship space, each with their unique style of worship? The idea quickly expanded to include a campus-wide Sabbath dinner (with One Place joining them) following that exchange. Last Sabbath it all came together in a memorable morning and afternoon expression of koinonia, the Greek word describing the spiritual and social fellowship of the infant church after the Day of Pentecost: “They devoted themselves to the apostles’ teaching and to fellowship [koinonia], to the breaking of bread and prayer” (Acts 2:42).
The written survey at the end of both worship services (New Life Fellowship at Pioneer, and Pioneer at the seminary chapel) will provide the grist for “Where do we go from here?” discussions, as both leadership teams this coming fall explore how their two worship communities can move beyond last Sabbath’s symbolism to a lasting expression of and commitment to racial reconciliation here on campus. It is anticipated that any formal action will commence January 1, 2018.
But April 29, 2017, remains a vital first step toward the deeper unity Jesus prayed for His followers (John 17). And this Koinonia Day could not have happened without the enthusiastic support and efforts of a host of leaders and volunteers. The administration of Andrews University, Plant Administration, and Dining Services all wholeheartedly supported both the Great Exchange and the Grand Dinner. Special kudos to Paul Elder who procured and then set up with his volunteers the blue canopy-covered walkway that stretched from the cafeteria to Johnson Gym, and to Rebecca May who organized a team of faculty and staff volunteers for both facility set up and crowd moving, and to the three university chaplains who oversaw the worship details of the Great Exchange, and to the 119 Pioneer families who provided homemade desserts enough to feed an army, and to the deacons/ushers/greeters of both Pioneer and New Life Fellowship who exchanged their usual comfort zone for a new environment to serve, and to the worship leaders and musicians of both worship communities, and to their pastors—to all of these dedicated leaders and volunteers we all owe a debt of gratitude!
(And to all those who came to me during the Grand Dinner at the gym and suggested that we consider providing such a sprawling dinner at least once a school year, or once a semester, or as one individual suggested, “once a quarter”— to all of you with such timely suggestions comes this immediate and irrevocable deputizing for “next time around” [if you read these words—you are herewith assigned to the planning committee]!)
But in the end, of course, “to God be the glory, great things He has done.” The truth is much prayer preceded much planning. Moreover, we have only just begun. But we can be confident of Scripture’s compelling promise: “He who began a good work in you will bring it to completion by the Day of Christ Jesus” (Philippians 1:6). God finishes what He starts. And the good news is—with Jesus—the best is yet to come.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12096
|
__label__cc
| 0.543206
| 0.456794
|
OntheBoards.tv in the New York Times
"One of the most innovative is OntheBoards.tv, a four-year-old venture of the Seattle organization On the Boards, which presents experimental dance and theater. A team of videographers works with selected artists to produce high-definition, thoughtfully framed films of their work. The result, so far, is a small but growing library of gorgeously shot performances recorded at On the Boards and elsewhere: the Fusebox Festival in Austin, Tex.; Performance Space 122 in New York; and the Portland Institute of Contemporary Art in Oregon."
OntheBoards.tv is now available for campus-wide subscription streaming and academic downloads. Academic pricing makes it affordable for students and faculty to access and discuss trailblazing new art in the classroom.
This season we need your donation to help grow our catalogue of films. Your gift today allows OntheBoards.tv to bring new performance to audiences around the globe.
You have a front row seat to performances from current artists in dance, theater, music and other forms that defy categorization!
BROWSE PERFORMANCES
Sign up to be on our mailing list!
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12098
|
__label__cc
| 0.585012
| 0.414988
|
Clinical Optometry
Optometry School
OptometryStudents.com
Organized Optometry
Post-Optometry School
Pre-Optometry School
Anterior Segment Disease
Prescribing Glasses
Refracting
Systemic Disease
Student in Focus Nomination
University of California – Berkeley
Midwestern University – Glendale
Illinois College of Optometry
Inter American (Puerto Rico)
Pikeville College of Optometry
University of Montreal
MCPHS
New England College of Optometry (NECO)
Northeastern State University
Southern College of Optometry
Ketchum University
State University of New York (SUNY)
University of Alabama – Birmingham
University of Missouri – St. Louis (UMSL)
The Core Leadership Team is a dedicated team of students which operates OptometryStudents.com (OS). Each student has a unique position in the management of the website and works alongside other students to help achieve the mission of OS and help move our wonderful profession forward.
Peter Jacques | Editor-in-Chief
As the Editor-in-Chief, I find great joy in the ability to bring inspiration and open up collaboration to our team, our readers and all those interested in our field. I hope that my articles and involvement can spur a discussion about some of the most pertinent and pressing topics that impact optometry, and that they may inspire those in the field to take action and become involved in how we choose to shape our profession for the future.
Jennifer Krueger | Executive Editor and Social Media Manager
I am a member of the inaugural class at the Kentucky College of Optometry, Class of 2020. I grew up in Northwest Arkansas and I graduated from the University of Arkansas (WPS!) with degrees in Psychology and Spanish Language. I did post-bac work at the University of Colorado while I worked and applied to Optometry programs.
I started writing for OS because I found it refreshing that there is a site that will publish unbiased and authentic information — by students, for students. Being able to write about topics that are relevant and news-worthy for fellow classmates also helps me grow as an optometry student. I am really proud of the content we put out on this website!
Jessica Palmer | Staff Writer
I joined the OS team when I got accepted into Optometry school. I am now a 1st year optometry student at Indiana University School of Optometry. I got involved with Optometrystudents.com because I have an interest in documenting and sharing knowledge with those around me. Optometry is my passion and I plan to change the world for the better in the field of vision.
Leadership Team | Alumni
Suzanne Johannes | Senior Editor
I’m Suzanne Johannes, a member of the class of 2019 at the Southern College of Optometry. I was raised in Chattanooga, where I went to Girls Preparatory School and the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, where I graduated in 2014 with a degree in Biology. Optometry has been a rewarding journey for me, through working in a private practice in undergrad, and through optometry school. Every day, I am inspired by the stories and people around me. I can’t wait to see what the future holds for optometry, and I can’t wait to be a part of it.
Jade McLachlin | Executive Journalist - Social Media Manager
I started with OS during my undergrad at a Canadian university as the president of our pre-optometry club. I’m currently a first year at Nova Southeastern University. My articles are based upon my personal experiences as a pre-optometry student and now as an international student. I hope that these articles will offer help, guidance and direction to both pre-optometry and current optometry students.
Jessica Chan - Senior Editor | ICO Class of 2018
My passion for editing led me to join OS. As the Senior Editor, my goal was to make sure article content meets the needs and interests of the website’s audience and are in line with the greater mission of OS.
Chris Lopez | Executive Journalist II - Editor
A fourth year OD/MS student at the University of Houston College of Optometry, Chris holds multiple positions with OptometryStudents.com: Director of Academy Relations, Executive Editor, and Executive Journalist. He is President of Beta Sigma Kappa, Past-National Liaison of the American Optometric Student Association, and is completing his thesis on new diagnostic tests for ocular surface disease. Chris joined OptometryStudents.com to engage readers with informative, useful content. He hopes to pursue a residency after graduation and practice to the fullest scope. LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/christopher-lopez-a5952058/
John Raji | Executive Journalist - Editor
Raised in Toronto, ON and moved to Houston for Optometry school at the University of Houston. I believe that Optometrystudents.com is a great resource for students. I hope to contribute to this network to inspire and encourage optometry students to become better clinicians that provide the utmost care to their patients and colleagues alike.
Marcus Noyes | Executive Journalist
Born and raised in Iowa, now a current third year optometry student at UHCO. Massive fan of music, technology, and craft beer.
Matt Geller | FOUNDER
I created OptometryStudents.com because our profession lacked a positive and proactive voice and this restricted students from being motivated to bring optometry in the right direction. I believe that our team is comprised of the brightest students in optometry and I know they will all change optometry for the better.
Share knowledge, Stay informed
A Positive Voice for Students
Our Mission: To improve the profession of optometry by better educating and preparing students to enhance the lives and vision of their patients.
A Non-Traditional Path Into Optometry School January 13, 2020
New Clinical Content
The Little Things: Pediatric Exam Elements for Optometrists December 30, 2019
Read more Pearls
Sign up for our monthly newsletter!
© Copyright 2020 OptometryStudents.com All Rights Reserved
Contact Login Register
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12101
|
__label__wiki
| 0.862364
| 0.862364
|
About Us | Contact Us | Press Room | Login
Example Button
Oregon BankPAC
Banker Education >
Pacific Northwest Bank Leadership Symposium
Community Bank Week
Speaker RFP
Join OBA
Am I a Member?
Member Directory >
Bank Members
Boards of Directors >
Peer Groups >
Financial Institutions Security Task Force
Bank Alumni
Behind the Banker
Synergy Endorsed Business Partners >
Compliance Alliance
Office Depot Employee Discount Program
OBA Partners
Associate Members >
Helpful Links >
Find an Oregon Bank Near You
Preventing Elder Financial Exploitation
Financial Education Resource Guide
Cornerstones of Our Communities
Financial Education >
Financial Education Resource Guide >
Financial Education Resources for the Public
Financial Education Resources for Teachers
Financial Education Resources for Bankers
EverFi
Get Smart About Credit Day
Money Smart Week
Banking Careers >
BankTalentHQ
Annual Convention TEST PAGE
OBA Member Mixer
Piotrek Buciarski: Banker | Olympian
Piotrek (pronounced pee-oh-trek) Buciarski (pronounced boo-chee-are-ski) was born Behind the Iron Curtain in Warsaw, Poland. At the age of eight, his family moved to Denmark where his father had accepted a position as the Danish Olympic Track and Field head coach. Piotrek attended an international school where he had 18 classmates from 15 different countries. “It was probably the best and most impactful education I had ever received,” recounted Piotrek.
“My family is an athletic one,” stated Piotrek. That might be a slight understatement. Piotrek’s father represented Poland in the 1972 and 1976 Olympic Games, finishing fifth in the 1976 Montreal Olympics. He was also the first Pole to clear 18 feet in the pole vault, holding the Polish national record for many years. Piotrek’s mother was a PE teacher in Poland. His parents met at the Warsaw University of Physical Education and, along with his younger sister, still reside in Copenhagen today. Piotrek’s wife, Rachel, represented the United States at the 2012 London Olympic Games in the javelin throw. “She has by far the strongest and fastest arm in the family,” quipped Piotrek.
Sports were central to Piotrek’s upbringing. In school, soccer was the one thing he had in common with his international classmates. So much so that some of the first English words he learned were “pass,” “I’m open” and “goal!” It wasn’t until he was 15 that he began to follow in his father’s footsteps by signing up for track and field and taking pole vaulting more seriously. Piotrek’s father served as his coach up until he was offered an athletic scholarship at the University of Oregon.
In 1996, Piotrek left the University of Copenhagen where he was studying economics and transferred to UO where he would eventually obtain his BS in Economics and an MBA in Sports Marketing. While Piotrek was busy earning his education, he was also racking up wins on the field. He won the PAC 10 Championship two times and earned All-American honors three times. His top achievement while still in college was a third-place finish at the NCAA Championships. Representing Denmark, Piotrek would later compete at two World Indoor Championships (Birmingham and Budapest), three World Outdoor Championships (Edmonton Paris and Helsinki) and the 2004 Athens Olympic Games.
Piotrek’s first career after pole vaulting was in business development for a medical imaging clinic in Eugene. He worked there while also competing in the Olympics. “I enjoyed receiving emails of support from my work colleagues and coming back to the office afterwards,” stated Piotrek. “As payback for my prolonged absence, I had to give three presentations during our lunch hours, showing pictures and telling behind the scenes stories from the Olympics. It was a lot of fun.”
Piotrek then went on to become a part owner of one of the largest track and field athlete management agencies. During his seven-year stint as a sport agent, Piotrek represented many Olympic medalists, including Ashton Eaton who holds the world record in both the decathlon and indoor heptathlon events. Seeking more geographic stability, Piotrek took a position at TrackTown USA in 2015 as the senior director of marketing and sales. In this role, he was able to take advantage of his international connections to help secure sponsorships with large corporations such as Uber, Budweiser and Comcast. He also developed good relationships locally with small businesses and generous individuals in Portland and Eugene. This, along with his athletic career, has provided Piotrek skills that lend well to his current role as vice president of corporate business development at Summit Bank.
“In athletics, and especially in pole vaulting, you learn that success and victory don’t come without years of disciplined training and sacrifices,” stated Piotrek. “I think that helps in business development, as it often takes dozens of calls and many meetings that don’t necessarily lead anywhere before you land one or two clients. I’m also very comfortable walking into a meeting with people who I have never met or picking up the phone to call someone I don’t know, which I often credit to years of performing in national and international events.”
According to Summit Bank CEO Craig Wanichek, hiring Piotrek was a bit unconventional. Piotrek thinks Craig is probably right, but he also believes it was a natural fit. “I always had an interest in the financial services sector, and if track and field hadn’t hijacked my professional career, I would have been working in the banking industry a lot sooner. When I saw an opportunity to take the experience, knowledge and connections I had gained from my earlier places of employment and apply that to banking, I seized it. I arranged a meeting with Craig and sold him on hiring a pole vaulter to be a banker at Summit Bank.”
In addition to dreaming of being a soccer player growing up, Piotrek wanted to be a pilot. Fast forward to today, and he not only plays on Summit Bank’s coed soccer team, but he’s also logged 600 flight hours. “It was always a childhood dream of mine and a nightmare for my parents,” stated Piotrek. Oddly enough, at the age of eight, Piotrek was told that he was color blind and therefore could not fly. After his track and field career, Piotrek researched flying a little further and found out that he could be a color-blind pilot in the U.S. so long as he only flew during the day. “That was good enough for me,” stated Piotrek, “so I found an instructor, scheduled my medical exam and found out that I was never color blind to begin with.” Piotrek now owns a four seat Mooney (M20E for other pilot bankers out there) and flies on nice weekends with his family when he can “talk them into it.”
Piotrek and his wife are parents to two energetic children. Maya is four years old and a lead singer and performer at her Montessori school. Maks is two and likes to hang with his mom. “We often get asked if they will follow in their parents’ footsteps,” stated Piotrek. “I think that Rachel and I will be just as proud of them if they grow up to be respected artists, scholars or community members. We’ll let their passions guide their careers.”
Behind the Banker profiles Oregon bankers and their lives outside of their professional career.
Andee Rose
VP - Communications Director
Oregon Bankers Association
Are you an Oregon banker with an interesting hobby, passion or side-job? Contact us today!
Cancer Survivor & Fundraiser
Farmer & Agri-tainer
National Soccer Referee
NFL Champion
Professional Drummer
Soap Maker
Wearable Art Show Producer
Home | Contact Us | Join Us | Helpful Links | Sitemap
Copyright © 2020 Oregon Bankers Association. All rights reserved.
777 13th Street SE, Suite 130 • PO Box 13429 • Salem, OR 97309
Phone: (503) 581-3522 • Fax: (503) 581-8714 • info@oregonbankers.com
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12103
|
__label__wiki
| 0.949857
| 0.949857
|
A protest near the Federal building, headquarters for the EPA and IRS in Boston | Joseph Prezioso/AFP via Getty Images
Shutdown now longest in history as Congress skips town
The president and Democrats are unable to break the standoff that’s stretched into its 22nd day.
By Sarah Ferris, Heather Caygle and Burgess Everett
The partial government shutdown on Saturday became the longest in U.S. history, an ominous milestone in an impasse between President Donald Trump and Congress that’s left hundreds of thousands of federal workers without a paycheck and no end in sight to the crisis.
Congress left town Friday with seemingly no way out of an immigration battle that has fiercely divided Trump and Democrats since his inauguration, with scores of lawmakers complaining about the staggering dysfunction that has defined the beginning of the 116th Congress and kept a quarter of the government closed for 22 days and counting.
For weeks, the president and lawmakers have failed to find a way to reopen the government, with Democrats unwilling to give Trump more money for a border wall. And with talks stalled, there is no solution on the horizon even as Trump weighs whether to declare a national emergency to build his wall.
Trump said on Friday he would refrain from taking unilateral action on border security — just one day after he said he would “probably” do so within days — amid mounting pushback from his own GOP allies on Capitol Hill.
"We want Congress to do its job," Trump told reporters. "What we're not looking to do right now is national emergency."
Congressional Republicans are increasingly skeptical of Trump’s plans for an executive order.
The White House is rethinking its strategy just one day before the federal government will enter its longest-ever stretch without funding. The sense of urgency for a deal is mounting, as 800,000 federal workers missed their first paycheck on Friday.
Pressure was also coming from congressional Republicans, who are increasingly skeptical of Trump’s plans for an executive order. Many have balked at the strategy as potential overreach — not unlike the GOP’s rhetoric against former President Obama’s unilateral immigration moves. They have also objected to the funding strategy Trump would use to pay for the wall after declaring an emergency.
The only impeachment guide you’ll ever need
Darren Samuelsohn
Trump’s not-so-bully pulpit
John F. Harris
Sen. John Cornyn (R-Texas) said Friday that he would oppose reusing disaster funds for the wall, referencing the Trump administration’s possible plan to use disaster relief money. Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis, a Trump ally, also raised concerns about using such money.
By Friday afternoon, Trump said that he is "not going to do it so fast."
US President Donald Trump stands with Border Patrol agents at the Rio Grande | Jim Watson/AFP via Getty Images
The White House’s pivot away from an emergency order muddies the path forward for reopening the government, with both Democrats and Trump unbending in their stance on the border wall.
Some lawmakers in both parties believed that Trump's legal move could be an escape hatch from the intractable funding fight, with Trump agreeing to reopen the government as he seeks money elsewhere.
Heading into the fourth weekend of a funding impasse, no bipartisan talks are scheduled, and Trump appears to have pulled himself out of negotiations that are poised to go nowhere without his direct participation.
“When the president acts, we will respond to whatever he does," House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said in response to Trump's comments Friday afternoon. "A new idea might be for Republicans to stand up to the president and say it’s wrong to shut down government," she added later when asked by a reporter if Democrats had any new ideas to end the weekslong stalemate.
Pelosi and Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer have held a series of increasingly unproductive meetings with Trump so far this year, and no one else is talking to each other. The Senate and House won't return until Monday, essentially guaranteeing the shutdown will eclipse the previous longest funding lapse of 21 days. Monday will be the 24th day of a partial shutdown.
Though both Trump and congressional Democrats seem comfortable with their political position as the shutdown lingers, Sen. Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska) said Friday that "nobody is winning."
Republicans are divided over whether to restrain the president: Some believe it would claw away power from Congress, but others think it will be an elegant way out of the shutdown.
"I've got a lot of people that are saying, Lisa, you got to stand with the president, you got to be strong on this," she said. "Then I have an equal number that are saying, please, please, do something to help reopen this government."
But that's proved impossible. The usual players in bipartisan talks, like Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.) are sidelined. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) is deferring to Schumer. There's no bipartisan gang coming to save the shuttered federal departments.
“What good is it if the president isn’t on board? And we've learned in the past that’s an iffy proposition," said Sen. Angus King (I-Maine), whose own immigration compromise was killed by Trump last year. “If it persists, I think they’re going to have to consider [a veto override] more and more. It’s ridiculous."
But GOP senators and aides say a veto override isn't realistic either. And many had been pinning their hopes that Trump would act unilaterally to at least get things moving again.
A sign in the window of the White House Visitors Center | Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images
Trump’s executive action would have set off a scramble of legal action by House Democrats. Republicans are divided over whether to restrain the president: Some believe it would claw away power from Congress, but others think it will be an elegant way out of the shutdown.
"Mr. President, declare a national emergency now. Build a wall now," Graham said after meeting with Trump Friday.
But other Republicans cautioned the president against taking such a drastic move, and the divisions among his allies could be hamstringing his decision to move quickly.
"Even if the president's got authority to do it, I'd advise against it. And I would think that each side ought to be laying something on the table and negotiating," said Sen. Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa), the most senior GOP senator.
He declined to say if he would vote to block the president from doing so and said it's likely a negotiating tactic: "The president sees it more as a lever to get things on the table and get negotiations going."
People in both parties had seemed hopeful that the emergency declaration would at least restart the government, even if it's legally dubious.
The stakes for the shutdown are ratcheting up, as roughly one-quarter of the federal government inches closer to complete shutdown mode.
“Declaring it an emergency, I suppose, serves a political function for him but then it relocates the whole controversy into the courts,” said Rep. Jamie Raskin (D-Md.), a member of the House Judiciary Committee. “If that’s what it takes to reopen the government, most of us will probably stomach our misgivings about it and hope that the rule of law will prevail.”
Some GOP lawmakers openly worry about potential accusations of hypocrisy after Republicans denounced Obama’s previous use of executive actions. Rep. Rob Woodall (R-Ga.) said he'd "be going nuts" if President Obama had discussed the tactic.
If Trump declares a national emergency, some House conservatives are warning that it doesn't guarantee that the president will sign legislation to reopen the government.
Two leaders of the House Freedom Caucus, Reps. Mark Meadows (R-N.C.) and Jim Jordan (R-Ohio), both signaled Friday that they wouldn't vote to reopen the government unless Congress can secure its own wall funding money.
"We need to focus on a legislative appropriation for the border security wall, just like we said. That’s the best approach," Jordan said.
The stakes for the shutdown are ratcheting up, as roughly one-quarter of the federal government inches closer to complete shutdown mode. Sen. Tim Kaine (D-Va.) was one of the few senators in town on Friday, and he spent the morning telling stories about affected constituents.
A section of the reinforced U.S.-Mexico border fence on the Otay Mesa area, San Diego County | Guillermo Arias/AFP via Getty Images
He called on the government to reopen and then "engage with the president in a meaningful, short-term, prompt dialogue about border security and immigration reform."
Rep. Mike Simpson (R-Idaho), who sits on the House spending panel, said he is so frustrated that he's begun talking with House Democratic leaders about other ways out of the shutdown. One of his ideas is to bring up a slate of pre-negotiated funding bills that could reopen pieces of the government, even without a broad immigration deal.
McConnell has said those bills won't go anywhere unless the president endorses them. And Trump killed his party's own attempt to reopen the government and then kickstart negotiations on the wall and immigration reform. GOP Sens. Rob Portman of Ohio and Jerry Moran of Kansas introduced a bill that has $25 billion in border security in exchange for temporary protections for Dreamers on Friday, which they hoped could help restart talks but is miles away from anything Democrats would support.
The House voted Friday on its fourth piecemeal funding bill of the week to reopen slices of the federal government, which have all gradually picked off more GOP defections. Ten Republicans voted with Democrats. The Senate held no votes Friday, and there was no sign of any of the top leaders in their Capitol suites.
Melanie Zanona contributed reporting to this story.
Sarah Ferris
Heather Caygle
Burgess Everett
Listen to the podcast on Spotify | Apple | Google | Soundcloud | Stitcher On episode 3 of POLITICO’s Davos Confidential podcast series, our Editor-in-Chief Stephen Brown breaks down Donald Trump’s address on Tuesday at the …
Trump on China’s Xi: ‘We love each other’
US president says relations with China are at an all-time high.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12104
|
__label__cc
| 0.702575
| 0.297425
|
Find out whether your old
policy is now with Prudential
Over time, companies merge and circumstances change, which can make keeping track of older policies difficult – whether they belong to you or a family member.
So to find out whether Prudential now looks after your policy, we've listed the former companies we've taken responsibility for. If one of them matches the documentation you have, get in touch and we'll be able to help you.
Former companies Prudential (Life & Pension) is now responsible for:
Scottish Amicable Life Assurance Company
Vavasseur Life Assurance Company Limited
Vanbrugh Life Assurance Limited
Greville Insurance (life assurance)
British Widows Assurance Company Limited
Equitable – with-profits annuities only
Policies from Scottish Amicable may include one of these logos:
Policies from Vanbrugh may include this logo:
If the name on your policy isn't here and you need to look up other companies, you may want to look at the list from The Association of British Insurers (ABI).
What to do if you find a match
If one of the companies above matches your paperwork, you can call us on 0800 000 000 8am to 6pm Monday to Friday (GMT).
If you are calling from outside the UK, call (+)44 1786 448844.
You can also write to us at: Customer Service Centre, Prudential, Lancing, BN15 8GB.
Help with identifying older policies
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12108
|
__label__cc
| 0.553964
| 0.446036
|
Digital Think drops Burson citing different PR needs
March 12, 2001 by AIMEE GROVE
SAN FRANCISCO: Digital Think, a leader in the hot 'e-learning,' or online professional training sector, has dropped Burson-Marsteller as US agency of record and placed its domestic PR account up for review.
The loss of the account further erodes Burson's tech expertise. Other big names in the sector have recently reviewed out of the agency, including SGI and Sun Microsystems.
According to Digital Think's director of corporate communications, Derek Gordon, the tech firm ended its relationship with Burson early last month for several reasons.
'Burson did a great job for us up until and through our IPO a year ago, but its San Francisco tech practice took a big hit last September with lots of turnover, and we weren't getting the kinds of results we had in the past,' he explained.
Gordon also noted that the company had different PR needs today as a public company versus as a start-up, and was looking to lower its PR agency budget accordingly.
'We were spending somewhere around dollars 65,000 a month through the IPO, and now we're looking at spending about dollars 25,000, which makes sense for our company life cycle,' he explained.
Gordon said he has extended RFPs for his US corporate account to about a dozen PR agencies and hopes to have a new agency on board by April 1.
'The assignment will have a corporate and brand focus, and I also hope to increase the profile of our CEO,' said Gordon.
Burson's London office will continue to handle Digital Think's European PR business.
The loss of the US account is another blow to Burson's San Francisco branch, which is still reeling from the decision by Sun last month to put its multi-million-dollar account up for review. Very few top-name tech clients now remain on its roster.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12109
|
__label__cc
| 0.726214
| 0.273786
|
PwzXxm
Try to be great
UVa 108 Maximum Sum
Given an array with size \(N \times N (N \le 100)\), find the maximum value of its subarray.
Link: Problem on UVa
First thought is to brute force - find all possible subarrays then the time complexity will be \(O(N^6)\). TLE for sure.
Then comes up with an algorithm that takes \(O(N^4)\), which is enough to AC.
However, it can be \(O(N^3)\), see solution 2.
We build a sum array which is the sum of the numbers in rectangle area with the top-left of the array and bottom-right node \(i, j)\).
Then as we can see at the graph below, it is obvious that $$ \begin{align} A &= (A+B+C+D)\\ &-(B+D)\\ &-(C+D)\\ &+D \end{align} $$ Therefore we have A = sum[k][l] - sum[i-1][l] - sum[j-1][k] + sum[i-1][j-1]. Go through every subarray to find the maximum.
There is a trick that store the array starts with index 1 and initialize 0. So you don't need to do boundary check. Stuck at first, could not figure out why and then found that I used < instead of <= in the for loop.
#include<algorithm>
#define maxn 100+5
int v, N, sum[maxn][maxn] = 0;
void solve() {
int MaxSum = -200;
for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= N; j++) {
for (int k = i; k <= N; k++) {
for (int l = j; l <= N; l++) {
MaxSum = max(MaxSum, sum[k][l]-sum[i-1][l]-sum[k][j-1]+sum[i-1][j-1]);
cout << MaxSum << endl;
int main(void) {
while(cin >> N) {
cin >> v;
sum[i][j] = v+sum[i-1][j]+sum[i][j-1]-sum[i-1][j-1];
solve();
In one dimension, if we want to find the maximum sum of successive elements, we have equation: $$ d[k] = max(d[k-1]+d[k], d[k])$$ There is a small improvement. By using greedy, we know if the sum is less than 0, there is no point to "add" it, we can just discard it.
After we know how to compute in one dimension, it is easy to do it in two dimension.
i = the starting line
j = the ending line, where i <= j
k = the number of columns
We can compress all lines between i and j into a 1D array. In other words, add each number in the same column together and put it in the 1D array. Hence, we have an array with i to j lines in it.
Now, it is just the problem we have already seen. Find the maximum sum of successive elements in the 1D array. That is the sum of the whole rectangle in the original 2D array.
#include<cstring>
int N, m[maxn][maxn], x[maxn];
int find_max() {
int cur_sum=x[0], sum=0;
for (int l = 0; l < N; l++) {
sum += x[l];
cur_sum = max(sum, cur_sum);
if (sum < 0) sum = 0;
return cur_sum;
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
memset(x, 0, sizeof(x));
for (int j = i; j < N; j++) {
for (int k = 0; k < N; k++) x[k] += m[j][k];
MaxSum = max(MaxSum, find_max());
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
cin >> m[i][j];
ʕ •ᴥ•ʔ
© 2018 PwzXxm All Rights Reserved.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12119
|
__label__wiki
| 0.770202
| 0.770202
|
QinetiQ North America Awarded $90 Million Indefinite Delivery, Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ) Contract to support sustainment of TALON® family of robotic systems
QinetiQ North America (QNA) today announced that it has been awarded a $90 Million IDIQ contract to support the overall sustainment actions of the Tactical Adaptable Light Ordnance Neutralization (TALON) family of robotic systems for the US Army.
QNA will be providing ongoing maintenance, upgrades and servicing of the Army’s existing, fielded fleet of TALON robots. The contract has an expiration date of Dec 16, 2023.
Over 4,000 TALON robots are now deployed around the world by the U.S. and their allies. They are used primarily to assist military personnel with the extremely dangerous job of detecting and disabling roadside bombs or Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) planted by hostile forces to attack troops. TALON robots have been used in more than 80,000 counter-IED missions to date.
“We are proud that TALON continues to be recognized as a robot that is vital to the U.S. military for EOD and counter-IED missions because of its combat proven ruggedness, ease of use, advanced flexible architecture and reliability" said Jeff Yorsz, president and CEO of QinetiQ North America. “Helping to keep U.S. Soldiers and Marines safe is what drives us and we continue to maintain and improve the TALON product line in support of that goal.”
The contract was awarded by the U.S. Army Contracting Command Warren located at Detroit Arsenal (ACC-Warren) on behalf of PM Force Projection’s Robotic Logistics Support Center (RLSC) which provides fielded robotics hardware across the operational spectrum.
Production of parts will be performed in Franklin Massachusetts.
Interim Director Weapons, vice acting head at DE&S, visits modernised UK Test & Evaluation Facilities
Missiles in the desert
QinetiQ completes its acquisition of MTEQ
QINETIQ APPRENTICES WIN GOLD AND SILVER AT WORLD SKILLS UK COMPETITION
QinetiQ sparks an exercising buzz for Critical National Infrastructures and helps the UK electricity sector prepare for cyber-attacks
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12121
|
__label__cc
| 0.537499
| 0.462501
|
InterCity fleet renewal poised to start
GERMANY: Deutsche Bahn will call tenders later this year for 100 to 130 trainsets to replace its fleet of loco-hauled EuroCity and InterCity trains. Likely to be fixed-formation eight-car sets, they will be built to match the standards of DB's ICE fleet.
In the meantime DB is evaluating offers for seven to 15 high speed trains for international services, which are likely to be priced at around €30m per set. Bids were submitted on March 11, and it is understood that these trains will be designed to serve the French market from 2010 when the inter-?national passenger market is deregulated (RG 2.08 p89). Of particular interest to DB is LGV Rhin-Rhône, which when completed in 2011 will open up the possibility of reaching the French Riviera from cities such as Stuttgart and Frankfurt.
Plans for replacing DB's IC and EC fleet have been gestating for some time (RG 9.07 p521), and DB has now decided what type of train it wishes to acquire. DB Chairman Hartmut Mehdorn said last year that fixed-formation trains were 'more modern', but DB is reluctant to reveal details in the run-up to its planned partial privatisation. The first trains could be delivered by 2012, with the rest following by 2015.
DB is also drawing up proposals to replace its 59 ICE1 trainsets, possibly with a new ICE4 design.
EUROPE: Under the slogan ‘lying not flying’, Austrian Federal Railways launched its twice-weekly Wien – Brussels Nightjet overnight train on January 19. The ceremony at Wien Hbf was attended by Austria’s Minister of Climate Protection, Environment, Mobility, Innovation Technology Leonore Gewessler as well as members ...
Metrolink marks $32m modernisation of Van Nuys station
USA: California commuter operator Metrolink has held a ceremony to mark the $32m rebuilding of Van Nuys station in Los Angeles under a two-year project which is nearing completion. The station is on Metrolink’s Ventura Line, a Union Pacific route which is also served by Amtrak ...
Farandou reshapes SNCF leadership team
FRANCE: A new management structure for the ‘unified’ SNCF group was unveiled by President & CEO Jean-Pierre Farandou on January 16, following the first board meeting of the national railway group since the 2018 reforms came into effect on January 1.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12125
|
__label__wiki
| 0.820557
| 0.820557
|
by Richard McCartney
I'm Rising
by Michelle G Stradford
My Time to Shine
by Glenn Leonard, Joe Coleman, Joe Blunt, J. Michael Willard
American Princess Meets Homeboy
by Jamy Rosser
by Martin Elsant
Short Stories, Tall Tales, and Surprise Endings
by Blake Daniels Prescott, MD,CM
Something Else Entirely
by Donna Lee Davis
Faithful Valor
by Isabella
Operation Sustainable Human
by Chris Macdonald
by Florine Dotson Evans
The Triskelion
by Victoria Lehrer
Serial Wives
by Yvonne Walus
The Senator's Daughters
by JC Graham
Taking a Bite Out of the Apple
A Graphic Designer's Tale (Hearing Others' Voices)
By Rob Janoff
Taking a Bite Out of the Apple: A Graphic Designer's Tale (Hearing Others' Voices) is a nonfiction memoir for young adults written by Rob Janoff. While he had gone to college to study industrial design, Janoff was more intrigued by the creative possibilities that graphic...
Tiddlers in a Jam Jar
A walkabout across the longitudes & other strange encounters
By Brian E. Priest
Brian E. Priest is a brilliant writer. I don’t say that very often. I think I was expecting a travelogue when I picked Tiddlers in a Jam Jar for review. This is more a ‘lifealogue,’ if one can be permitted to make up such a...
The Wrong Side of the Room
A Life in Music Theater
By Norman Mathews
The Wrong Side of the Room: A Life in Music Theater by Norman Mathews is an autobiography chronicling the author's life as he transitions from a confusing and often abusive childhood, born in a sleet of uncertainty (literally, as it turns out). Masked by imagination...
The Passion of Baseball
A Journey to the Commissioner's Office of Major League Baseball
By Bob Wirz
The Passion of Baseball: A Journey to the Commissioner's Office of Major League Baseball by Bob Wirz is the story of the Kansas City Royals' first publicist, a man who spent more than a decade as spokesperson for commissioners Bowie Kuhn and Peter Ueberroth. Born...
The Business of American Injustice
By Sydney Williams
The Business of American Injustice by Sydney Williams is a poignant narrative, a memoir that deals with what the author calls “a story about our personal journey through civil litigation, bankruptcy, and the criminal justice system. As unbelievable as it seems, each event is a...
The Story of America's First Integrated Rock-n-Roll Band
By John La Torre
The Story of America's First Integrated Rock-n-Roll Band by John La Torre begins with a young boy of Italian descent in South Philadelphia. Johnny grew up in a diverse neighborhood that was all about survival. His family ran a local poultry business and were...
Traveling Daisy
A Generational Cancer Story of Disease and Dysfunction
By Lisa Marie Wilson
Traveling Daisy: A Generational Cancer Story of Disease and Dysfunction by Lisa Marie Wilson shows how a person suffering from cancer, or a person who has someone in their life confronting this disease, can power through this tough time. Instead of feeling sorry for the...
Thin, and I
By Andrijka O. Keller
Thin, and I: A Memoir is written by Andrijka O. Keller. Keller was fifteen years old when her parents and the school nurse decided that she should go into a rehabilitation program. Her grades were above normal, and her attitudes about school were just fine....
Triumph Over Tears
By Nava Chernoff
Triumph Over Tears by Nava Chernoff is a moving autobiography that takes the reader through the many emotional twists and turns of her life. Some ups and downs will keep the reader turning the pages to find out how that particular situation will turn out....
The Outback Musician's Survival Guide
One Guy's Story of Surviving as an Independent Musician
By Phil Circle
The Outback Musician's Survival Guide is a non-fiction autobiographical account by author Phil Circle, described as ‘One Guy's Story of Surviving as an Independent Musician’. The book is compiled as a series of stories, some in a storyteller, fictionalized style whilst others are more anecdotal...
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12129
|
__label__cc
| 0.702943
| 0.297057
|
Bang & Olufsen launches limited-edition speakers with Saint Laurent
Maserati releases limited-edition Royale versions of its Quattroporte, Levante and Ghibli
(Photos: Saint Laurent, Bang & Olufsen)
Sign up for our newsletter to receive what's new in art, culture, cars, design, property and entertainment.
When a leading French luxury fashion house and a Danish high-end consumer electronics brand collaborate, it’s best to sit up and listen. Quite literally in this case. Paris-based Saint Laurent has just curated two very stylish, limited-edition Bang & Olufsen speakers: the Beoplay A1 and Beoplay A9. The exclusive collaboration celebrates the timeless design and unique craftsmanship that have come to define both brands.
What you need to know about the new BMW M8
Beoplay A9 Home Speaker
This multi-room wireless speaker is decidedly sleek, offering smooth controls with just a gentle glide of your hand. It can be connected to any music streaming service of choice, and for a more immersive experience, you can even pair it with more speakers. The device supports Chromecast, Bluetooth and AirPlay 2, and the audio quality is top notch. The limited-edition speaker by Saint Laurent builds up on the speaker’s iconic design with black, anodised, mirror-black aluminium legs, complete with a Saint Laurent signature in black.
Chinese art and haute couture come together at ACM's new Guo Pei exhibition
Beoplay A1 Portable Speaker
This ultra portable speaker is splash and dust resistant, and has an in-built microphone. With ambient 360-degree sound, the speaker packs a punch, and it’s small enough to fit into your pocket, making it the ideal speaker for those on the move. One of the most striking features of the Beoplay A1 is its 24-hour battery life. The limited-edition speaker features a high-gloss, black Saint Laurent logo on the aluminium grill and a logo tag in mirror-black anodised-aluminium.
You can check out both speakers at Saint Laurent Rive Droite, a cultural and creative concept store envisaged by the brand. The retail destination has its presence in Paris and Los Angeles.
For details, visit www.saintlaurentrivedroite.com
Think you have sufficient health insurance coverage for you and your family? Think again!
Event diary: Art, culture, and music events around the world
Louis Vuitton’s Horizon earphones have new features and enhanced performance
Chee Boon Tan
Event guide: Singapore Art Week
Nafeesa Saini
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12130
|
__label__wiki
| 0.977962
| 0.977962
|
Other Media News
BBC internet radio petition gathers pace
A petition calling on the BBC to reinstate its internet radio stations to third-party apps has attracted nearly 2,000 signatures.
The petition is asking the broadcaster to reverse its decision to remove BBC stations from TuneIn, a popular app for listening to live internet radio.
The BBC removed its streams from the service at the end of September.
In a blogpost at the time, the BBC said that it was making the move because services like TuneIn do not allow it to collect data on its streams.
Kieran Clifton, the BBC's director of distribution and business development, said: "We want our programmes, products and services to be the best they can be. And a major way we ensure that is by using meaningful data. Data is more and more important – as it helps us to make more types of programmes we know people like, and equally importantly, identify gaps in our commissioning to ensure we’re making something for all audiences. We also use the data collected about what you watch, listen to or read online to offer personalised programme recommendations – and make our services even more tailored to you.
"When we make our programmes available via third parties, we ask that those platforms either allow you to sign into your BBC account – or provide us with meaningful data directly. Unfortunately, TuneIn doesn’t do either of these, so we couldn’t reach a data sharing agreement with them."
According to the petition, however, the move means that many listeners with digital radio devices can no longer listen to BBC stations.
The petition's creator, Julian Prokaza, said: "The changes mean that a great many new internet devices are now effectively obsolete for people who used them mainly to listen to BBC radio.
"The changes also do not abide by the BBC remit of 'making sure you can watch and listen to our programmes in ways that are both easy and convenient for you.'
"The BBC should restore its TuneIn streams immediately and maintain them at least until fully functional replacement services for affected devices are available."
Marketing & Tech NewsOther Media News
BBC 'tried to block Ofcom Munchetty inquiry'
BBC Sounds launches fashion podcast hosted by Charli Howard
New app "blocks ads on radio and podcasts"
Cantarus
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12135
|
__label__wiki
| 0.78158
| 0.78158
|
Eric Bolte-USA TODAY Sports
Recap | Revs grind out 0-0 draw to claim hard-fought road point in Montreal
May 18, 20193:26PM EDT
MONTREAL – The New England Revolution (3-8-3, 12 pts.) drew the Montreal Impact, 0-0, before a crowd of 15,559 at Stade Saputo in the teams’ Saturday matinee. In Interim Head Coach Mike Lapper's second game in charge, the Revolution grabbed an important road point before next week’s home meeting with D.C. United on Saturday, May 25.
The Revolution defense earned the team’s second shutout of the season in the scoreless draw, allowing a season-low two shots on target in the process. Defender Jalil Anibaba prevented a 33rd-minute Montreal goal with a goal-line clearance, and his seven clearances on the day were vital in the Revs’ performance. Defenders Brandon Bye (9) and Andrew Farrell (6) also anchored the defense with multiple clearances to prevent Montreal from setting up on the attack.
Farrell’s 90-minute outing in central defense marked the 200th regular season appearance of his MLS career, all coming with New England. He becomes the eighth Revolution player to reach the 200-game milestone, and leads all MLS outfield players in games started (198) and minutes played (17,628) since entering the league as the first-overall pick in the 2013 MLS SuperDraft.
New England returns to action on Saturday, May 25, when the club hosts Eastern Conference leaders D.C. United on Star Wars Night at Gillette Stadium. That match kicks off at 7:30 p.m. ET on NBC Sports Boston, 98.5 The Sports Hub, and in Portuguese on 1260 AM Nossa Radio.
New England Revolution 0, Montreal Impact 0
May 18, 2019 – Stade Saputo (Montreal, Quebec, Canada)
Revs Draw Montreal Impact, 0-0
The Revolution drew the Montreal Impact, 0-0, on Saturday, improving the club’s record to 3-8-3 (12 pts.) through 14 games of the 2019 MLS season.
New England's all-time record against the Impact moves to 9-9-3, including a 4-5-2 mark in games played in Montreal.
Farrell Registers 200th Career MLS Regular Season Appearance; All 200 with Revs
Defender Andrew Farrell made his 200th MLS regular season appearance in this afternoon’s match in Montreal, all coming with New England.
Farrell becomes the eighth player to play in 200 matches in a Revs uniform. The former University of Louisville standout has been one of the league’s most reliable players throughout his career, leading all MLS outfield players in minutes (17,628) and games started (198), and ranking third in games played (200), since he entered the league as the first-overall pick in the 2013 MLS SuperDraft.
Turner Records Sixth Career Shutout in 30th Career Start
Goalkeeper Matt Turner earned his sixth career shutout in his third consecutive start in net and totaled one save on the afternoon.
Today’s match marked Turner’s 30th career start since joining the Revolution in 2016. The 24-year-old holds a career goals-against average of 1.66.
Gil Leads Charge in the Midfield
Midfielder Carles Gil led the way in the Revolution midfield in today’s test with a passing accuracy of 83.3 percent and eight total crosses. He led the team with 31 total passes in Montreal’s half.
The Valencia, Spain native registered two shots (one on target) in today’s match, while taking three corners in the draw.
Revolution Starting XI Sees No Changes
The Revolution's starting lineup saw no changes from the team’s 3-1 win over San Jose on Saturday, May 11.
Today’s match marked the team's second under Interim Head Coach Mike Lapper, who was appointed to the position on Thursday, May 9 until Sporting Director and Head Coach Bruce Arena takes over the bench.
GAME CAPSULE
Referee: Ramy Touchan
Assistant Referees: Gianni Facchini (AR1), Logan Brown (AR2)
Fourth Official: Fotis Bazakos
VAR: Jorge Gonzalez
Assistant VAR: Robert Schaap
Weather: 56° and Cloudy
NE – Luis Caicedo (Yellow Card – Unsporting Behavior) 21’
NE – Andrew Farrell (Yellow Card – Unsporting Behavior) 56’
NE – Juan Agudelo (Yellow Card – Dissent) 66’
MTL – Ignacio Piatti (Yellow Card – Unsporting Behavior) 79’
MTL – Shamit Shome (Yellow Card – Unsporting Behavior) 82’
MTL – Zachary Brault-Guillard (Yellow Card – Unsporting Behavior) 89’
MTL – Samuel Piette (Yellow Card – Unsporting Behavior) 90’+5
New England Revolution: Matt Turner; Edgar Castillo (DeJuan Jones 35’), Jalil Anibaba, Andrew Farrell, Brandon Bye; Luis Caicedo; Cristian Penilla, Diego Fagundez (Tajon Buchanan 60’), Juan Agudelo; Carles Gil ©, Teal Bunbury (Wilfried Zahibo 90’)
Substitutes Not Used: Brad Knighton, Scott Caldwell, Antonio Delamea, Juan Fernando Caicedo
Montreal Impact: Evan Bush; Jukka Raitala, Zachary Brault-Guillard, Zakario Diallo, Daniel Lovitz; Samuel Piette ©, Saphir Taïder, Shamit Shome, Mathieu Choinière (Ignacio Piatti 66’); Orji Okwonkwo (Anthony Jackson-Hamel 74’), Maximiliano Urruti
Substitutes Not Used: Clément Diop, Daniel Kinumbe, Ken Krolicki, Micheal Azira, Rudy Camacho
Shots (on Target)
Passes Attempted (% Completed)
Revs again show defensive resolve with shutout in Montreal
Bunbury on last two games | "We're finding ways to get results"
Jones on his surprise appearance at left back in Montreal
Lapper | "The boys worked so hard" to keep clean sheet in Montreal
Turner On-Field | Revs were "committed to the task" vs. Impact
Two-Minute Highlights | Revs 0, Impact 0 (May 18, 2019)
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12137
|
__label__cc
| 0.512917
| 0.487083
|
We've Seen This Bernanke Movie Before
By Larry Kudlow - August 11, 2011
U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke's shocking Federal Open Market Committee announcement Tuesday -- that its zero-interest-rate target would be extended for two more years, through the middle of 2013 -- drove Dow stocks up more than 400 points. But this new policy had no stock market carry-over on Wednesday, when the Dow plunged more than 500 points.
But we have not heard the last from Bernanke -- not by a long shot.
Buried in the last paragraph of this week's surprise FOMC announcement was this huge statement: "The Committee discussed the range of policy tools available to promote a stronger economic recovery in a context of price stability."
This is a brand-new statement. And in all likelihood, it was purposefully open-ended. A Fed source suggests that this sort of stuff is usually left out of sight and buried in Fed committee minutes, released well after the FOMC meeting and not put boldly in the actual policy statement. So clearly, it's very important.
What might it mean?
When Bernanke speaks at the Fed's Jackson Hole, Wyo., meeting Aug. 26, he could conceivably launch a real shock-and-awe stimulus program. If you go back a year, when Bernanke first announced QE2 at Jackson Hole, sources tell me that the original debate over the quantity of bond purchases had a $2 trillion balance-sheet expansion on the table. Inflation hawks beat that number back to $600 billion. But now the rest of that $2 trillion -- or $1.4 trillion -- could conceivably be on the table for a new QE3 announcement by the Fed.
A new round of Fed bond purchases likely would be aimed at pinning long-term interest rates down as much as possible. In other words, the Fed will be buying 10-year paper and maybe even 30-year paper to get those yields down even more. (Ten-years are currently about 2 percent.) The idea would be to reduce the attractiveness of government bonds and get investors into riskier assets, such as stocks, or perhaps even new-business and venture-capital startups, where potential yields look even more attractive. There even might be some job creation in all this.
Plus, the Fed's potential Jackson Hole shock-and-awe program could include the removal of the 25-basis-point Fed payment on the $1.6 trillion excess bank reserve now on deposit at the central bank. If the banks no longer earn a safe 25 basis points, they might conceivably lend more.
And if long-term rates come down as per Bernanke's target bond purchases, mortgage rates might come down even more, to the benefit of future and current homeowners.
Politically, inside the Fed, three regional bank presidents dissented from the unprecedented Fed decision to keep its target rate down for two more years. But the inner circle of Fed power -- Bernanke, Janet Yellen and William Dudley -- has enough votes from other Fed board governors and reserve bank presidents to jam through almost any shock-and-awe it wants. All this could be announced formally at the next Fed meeting, on Sept. 20, but Bernanke himself is likely to let the cat out of the bag in Jackson Hole toward the end of this month.
The trouble with all this is that it didn't work with QE2, and it would have no permanent effect on the slumping economy. Targeting bond yields and printing more money simply distorts asset prices throughout the financial markets. We've seen this movie before. And it didn't play well. The Fed's shock-and-awe risks another round of dollar depreciation. It's part of the message of skyrocketing gold prices right now.
Unleashing dormant animal spirits in this economy can only come from the fiscal side, with low-tax and regulatory reforms to provide new economic growth incentives and lower the cost of doing business. A pro-growth package from Washington is what we really need. It should be part of the next round of budget cuts, included in the work of the super-committee during phase two of the debt deal.
Without those new incentives for growth, the Fed can print all the new money in the world and the federal government can spend itself into oblivion, and none of it will resurrect the economy.
Lawrence Kudlow is host of CNBC's The Kudlow Report and co-host of The Call. He is also a former Reagan economic advisor and a syndicated columnist. Visit his blog, Kudlow's Money Politics.
Related Topics: Economy, Ben Bernanke
Why We Can't (Or Won't) Govern
Robert Samuelson · November 17, 2014
Marriage Is Pro-Growth
Larry Kudlow · November 15, 2014
Obama Touts Economic News as He, GOP Leaders Meet
Alexis Simendinger · November 8, 2014
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12145
|
__label__cc
| 0.742845
| 0.257155
|
4200 Potter St
$44,000 (Estimated Value)
4200 Potter St is a single family residence located in Baltimore, MD 21229. Built in 1926, this property features 1 bathroom, 4,797 sq ft lot, and 1,280 sq ft of living space. The estimated market value for 4200 Potter St is $44,000.
For the surrounding community of Baltimore, MD 21229, the average sale price for similar homes to 4200 Potter St is $123,438. The nearby schools are below average and include Beechfield Elementary, Edmondson Westside High and Forest Park High. The overall crime risk for this area is very high with 31 criminal and sex offenders residing within 1 mile. The natural disaster risk for this area includes very low earthquake risk, high tornado risk, and minimal flood risk.
$44,000 estimated value
Property Details: 4200 Potter St
Parcel Number: 2533 023
Heating Type: RADIANT
8/20/2018 Sold $6,000 $5 Public Records
2018 $1,751 (+2.12%) $0 $0 $82,367
4202 Potter St, Baltimore, MD 21229
459 Yale Ave, Baltimore, MD 21229
438 S Augusta Ave, Baltimore, MD 21229
This home $44,000 Estimated Value
The average sales price of homes similar to 4200 Potter St is $123,438 ($97/sq.ft.)
792 Charing Cross Rd $165,000 12/31/2019 $148 1,116 sq.ft. -- Bed, 2 Bath 1.8 mi away
918 Kevin Rd $60,000 12/27/2019 $52 1,152 sq.ft. -- Bed, 1 Bath 1.3 mi away
714 Stamford Rd $95,000 12/27/2019 $67 1,408 sq.ft. -- Bed, 2 Bath 1.5 mi away
3715 Greenvale Rd
4200 Potter St was built in 1926. The lot size is approximately 4,797 square feet.
In Baltimore, Maryland where 4200 Potter St is located, there were 292 residences with foreclosure filings for the month of 12/2019, a foreclosure rate of one in every 1,016 housing units. 4200 Potter St, Baltimore, MD 21229 is in Baltimore City County, where there were 307 residences with foreclosure filings during the month, a foreclosure rate of one in every 960 housing units.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12147
|
__label__cc
| 0.517709
| 0.482291
|
Men are Dangerously Brutalizing Women in Rugby as Teams are ‘Forced to Prioritize Hurt Feelings Over Broken Bones’
Posted at 10:30 am on September 30, 2019 by Alex Parker
I believe people should present themselves the way they wish. You have but one life; live it as you choose.
Have you always wanted to dress like a pirate? Do it, if it’s worth more to you than freedom from stares at the post office.
Fancy yourself an 18th century Yankee Doodle? Suit up, so long as you can deal with reactions at Jiffy Lube.
In my view, everyone has the right to think as they do, say as they wish, and — with grand lenience — live as they dream.
It should be noted that the following topic is unrelated to issues of identity. It is, rather, one of fairness. And safety.
Not long ago, a ubiquitous bumper sticker laid it out: “There’s No Excuse for Domestic Violence.”
On the left side of the aisle and elsewhere, people decried the physical abuse of women.
And why? Because men were bigger and hideously stronger than women; they must never use that fact to hurt the vulnerable and comparably weak.
Despite a recent and unprecedented trend in movies, the same still holds true: Whereas the 5-foot actress with Kermit the Frog arms now regularly sends a 200-pound dude flying across the silver screen, in reality, he’d just be perhaps mildly annoyed.
“Why’d you hit me?”
Yet, the world of athletics is moving toward a bumper sticker revolution.
Apropos, in Great Britain, referees of women’s rugby are quitting. Why? An invasion of men.
So noted the weekend’s Sunday Times.
One ref offered a powerful summary:
“Being forced to prioritize hurt feelings over broken bones exposes me to personal litigation from female players who have been damaged by players who are biologically male.”
Another referee explained that cultural Marxism is preventing people from speaking up:
“If you even ask the question, you are told you are a bigot.”
Odd, given that “bigot” means “intolerance of an opposing view.”
So how rough is the game getting? The ref pointed out that, over the course of half a season, he’s seen five women’s players with beards.
Former Olympic Sharron Davies has a thought or two on the subject:
“My daughter Grace was told at the age of 11 she could no longer play with the boys because it was no longer safe. How can they have that rule in place and…say it is perfectly okay for a transgender woman who is a biological man to play with the girls, but girls who are girls are not allowed to play with the boys because it is dangerous?”
On the other side of the argument is Kelly Morgan, a man identifying as a woman in the Welsh league.
And he’s mowing those chicks like so many lawns.
Kelly’s coach explained to the BBC last month:
“She’s going to be a good, good player for the next few years, as long as we can stop her injuring players in training.”
Team Captain Jessica Minty-Madley’s got the gift of metaphor:
“[Kelly] folded a girl like a deckchair during a game, which was quite funny, but they’re still friends.”
Kelly himself appears to believe he’s a victim of circumstance:
“I do feel guilty, but what can you do? I don’t go out to hurt anybody. I just want to play rugby.”
Many Democrats want the same for America, via the “Equality Act,” which would add gender identity to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (here).
Those people had no idea they were marching for men to one day be able to legally pummel women.
Lady boxers, watch out: You’re about to get your faces broken.
Even though there’s no excuse for domestic violence.
Despite the Dems’ talk of being the party of women, that’s exactly who will pay the price for an unequal equality such as this (here and here).
The field umpire who quit told the Times:
“This is driving female players and referees out of the game.”
**If you can tolerate some vulgar language, see Joe Rogan’s summary of the issue at this link.
Relevant RedState links in this article: here, here, and here
See 3 more pieces from me:
Sad Sack: Man Sets Record In NCAA Women’s Track — And He’s Headed For The March Championships
Male Powerlifter Mops The Floor With His Female Competitors In Samoa’s Pacific Games – Courtesy Of The Woke
Man Gets Harassed And Accused Of Shoplifting Over The Suspicious Bulge In His Pants. He Keeps Insisting It’s His Penis
Thank you for reading! Please sound off in the Comments section below. For iPhone instructions, see the bottom of this page.
If you have an iPhone and want to comment, select the box with the upward arrow at the bottom of your screen; swipe left and choose “Request Desktop Site.” If it fails to automatically refresh, manually reload the page. Scroll down to the red horizontal bar that says “Show Comments.”
Tags: athletics great britain rugby UK
What's He Trying to Hide: Schiff Wants Witnesses, But He's Arguing Hard Not to Have Hunter Biden
J.K. Rowling Gets Cancelled by SJWs for Being a Feminist
Nigel Farage Tells Off EU Leaders to Their Face, Warns Brexit Kicked Off Anti-EU Movement
Virginia 2A: Black Guy Waving Trump Flag, 'I Am Governor Ralph Northam and I Am in Blackface Today'
McCarthy Reminds Americans About an Important Tidbit Ahead of the Senate Impeachment Trial
Best Technology Stocks to Buy Target Disruptive Innovation Trends - Paul Dykewicz
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12153
|
__label__cc
| 0.502871
| 0.497129
|
Country/Region United States
T-shirt and Sweatshirts
Rock Ruffle
Pumps & Ballet Flats
RED LIFE
Main Fall/Winter 2019
Shop faster
Register now to create your Wish List.
save up to 50 items
receive information on item availability
add items to your Shopping Bag at any time
Fall Winter 2019 - 2020
[*** springSummer209 ***]
cloaks - capes
high-heeled sandals
knit sweaters
long and midi dresses
long and midi skirts
pumps and ballet flats
MACRO: Category
Apply filters Remove filter
loverebel
FOREVER LOVERS HOOP EARRINGS
$ 250.00 60% off $ 100.00
We offer Standard, Express, Next Day and Satuday shipping.
You have 20 days from delivery to follow our quick and easy return procedure.
Country/Region US
Valentino strives to maintain an inclusive and accessible online shopping experience and to comply with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0.
We are fully committed to working with the operator of this website to improve them whenever possible.
Shop online by selecting your country/region from the list below, so that you see the correct pricing, delivery options and item availability for your country/region.
Andorra You are about to browse this website in English.
Austria Sie navigieren auf der Webseite in deutscher Sprache.
Belgium You are about to browse this website in English.
Bosnia-Herzegovina You are about to browse this website in English.
Bulgaria You are about to browse this website in English.
Croatia You are about to browse this website in English.
Cyprus You are about to browse this website in English.
Czech Republic You are about to browse this website in English.
Denmark You are about to browse this website in English.
Estonia You are about to browse this website in English.
Finland You are about to browse this website in English.
France Vous allez maintenant naviguer le site en français.
Germany Sie navigieren auf der Webseite in deutscher Sprache.
Greece You are about to browse this website in English.
Hungary You are about to browse this website in English.
Iceland You are about to browse this website in English.
Ireland You are about to browse this website in English.
Italy Stai per navigare lo store in italiano.
Latvia You are about to browse this website in English.
Liechtenstein You are about to browse this website in English.
Lithuania You are about to browse this website in English.
Luxembourg You are about to browse this website in English.
Macedonia You are about to browse this website in English.
Malta You are about to browse this website in English.
Republic of Moldova You are about to browse this website in English.
Monaco Vous allez maintenant naviguer le site en français.
Montenegro You are about to browse this website in English.
Netherlands You are about to browse this website in English.
Norway You are about to browse this website in English.
Poland You are about to browse this website in English.
Portugal You are about to browse this website in English.
Romania You are about to browse this website in English.
Russian Federation Вы собираетесь просматривать сайт на русском языке.
Serbia You are about to browse this website in English.
Slovakia You are about to browse this website in English.
Slovenia You are about to browse this website in English.
Spain Estás a punto de navegar el sitio web en español.
Sweden You are about to browse this website in English.
Switzerland You are about to browse this website in English.
Ukraine Вы собираетесь просматривать сайт на русском языке.
United Kingdom You are about to browse this website in English.
Argentina You are about to browse this website in English.
Canada You are about to browse this website in English.
Chile You are about to browse this website in English.
Colombia You are about to browse this website in English.
United States You are about to browse this website in English.
Afghanistan You are about to browse this website in English.
China, Mainland 您将浏览中文网站。
Hong Kong, SAR of China You are about to browse this website in English.
India You are about to browse this website in English.
Indonesia You are about to browse this website in English.
Israel You are about to browse this website in English.
Japan ウェブサイトを日本語で閲覧しようとしています。
Malaysia You are about to browse this website in English.
Philippines You are about to browse this website in English.
Singapore You are about to browse this website in English.
Taiwan, China You are about to browse this website in English.
Thailand You are about to browse this website in English.
Turkey You are about to browse this website in English.
Vietnam You are about to browse this website in English.
Egypt You are about to browse this website in English.
South Africa You are about to browse this website in English.
Tunisia You are about to browse this website in English.
Australia You are about to browse this website in English.
New Zealand You are about to browse this website in English.
If the country/region you would like to ship to is not listed, click here
I have read the Privacy Policy, and I consent to the processing of my personal data for marketing purposes.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12154
|
__label__cc
| 0.730998
| 0.269002
|
Effectiveness, Mediators, and Effect Predictors of Internet Interventions for Chronic Cancer-Related Fatigue: The Design and an Analysis Plan of a 3-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial
Marije DJ Wolvers1,2, MSc ;
Fieke Z Bruggeman-Everts2,3, MSc ;
Marije L Van der Lee3, PhD ;
Rens Van de Schoot4,5, PhD ;
Miriam MR Vollenbroek-Hutten1,2, PhD
1Roessingh Research and Development, Telemedicine Group, Enschede, Netherlands
2University of Twente, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Telemedicine Group, Enschede, Netherlands
3Helen Dowling Institute, Scientific Research Department, Bilthoven, Netherlands
4Utrecht University, Department of Methods and Statistics, Utrecht, Netherlands
5North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
Marije DJ Wolvers, MSc
Roessingh Research and Development
Telemedicine Group
Roessinghsbleekweg 33b
Enschede, 7522AH
Phone: 31 534875777
Fax:31 534340849
Email: m.wolvers@rrd.nl
Background: Internet interventions offer advantages that especially cancer survivors who suffer from fatigue could benefit from. Given the growing number of such patients, Internet interventions could supplement and strengthen currently available health care.
Objective: This paper describes the design and analysis plan that will be used to study 2 Internet interventions aimed at reducing severe fatigue in cancer survivors: a mobile ambulant activity feedback therapy supported through a weekly email by a physiotherapist and a weekly Web- and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy supported online by a psychologist. The data resulting from this trial will be used to (1) investigate the effectiveness, (2) investigate potential mediators of these interventions, and (3) explore participant characteristics that can predict the effect of these interventions.
Methods: A 3-armed randomized controlled trial is proposed that compares both Internet interventions with an active control condition that solely consists of receiving psycho-educational emails. The intervention period is 9 weeks for all 3 conditions. Six months after baseline, participants in the control condition can choose to follow 1 of the 2 experimental Internet interventions. Outcomes are measured in terms of fatigue severity, mental health, and self-perceived work ability. All are Web-assessed at baseline, 2 weeks after the intervention period, and at 6 and 12 months after baseline. Fatigue severity, mindfulness, physical activity, expectations and credibility of the intervention, therapeutic working alliance, sleep quality, and sense of control over fatigue are assessed 3 times during the intervention period for identifying mediators of the interventions. Recruitment is performed nationally throughout the Netherlands through patient organizations and their websites, newspapers, and by informing various types of health professionals. All participants register at an open-access website. We aim at including 330 cancer survivors who have finished curative-intent cancer treatment at least 3 months previously, and have been suffering from severe fatigue ever since. All cancer types are included. A detailed analysis plan is described to address the research questions, which allows for individual variation, and fully exploits the longitudinal design.
Results: Recruitment started in April 2013 and will proceed until April 2015.
Conclusions: This paper describes a systematic trial design for studying 2 different interventions for chronic cancer-related fatigue in order to gain insight into the effectiveness and mediators of the interventions. This design will also be used to identify predictors for the interventions’ effect on fatigue. By publishing our hypotheses and analysis plan before completion of data collection, this paper is a first step in reporting on this trial comprehensively.
Trial Registration: The Netherlands National Trial Register (NTR3483). (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6NWZqon3o).
JMIR Res Protoc 2015;4(2):e77
fatigue;
cancer survivors;
chronic disease;
Internet interventions;
mindfulness-based cognitive therapy;
motor activity;
behavior therapy;
accelerometry;
effect predictors;
mediation;
Bayesian statistics;
latent growth analysis
Behavioral interventions have shown to effectively relieve psychological and physical complaints in cancer survivors. However, the effect on the individual is less explicit, because patients differ greatly in the ways they experience and respond to such interventions. Therefore, when studying such an intervention, individual differences and temporal aspects need to be appreciated. This paper presents a detailed analysis plan for studying behavioral interventions that satisfies such needs.
The protocol of a 3-armed randomized controlled trial is described to study the effectiveness, mediators, and effect predictors of 2 different Internet interventions that share the same aim: reducing fatigue for cancer survivors. Due to its longitudinal design and multiple assessments during the intervention, the temporal development of relevant factors rather than pre-post differences can be studied. Latent growth analysis can be performed and mixture models can be run, which allow for individual variance in growth trajectories. Furthermore, full longitudinal mediation analyses can be performed on the most important potential mediators of both interventions, and differentiating effect predictors can be identified in order to allocate individuals to the most suitable intervention.
The goal of this paper is to present our trial design, hypotheses, and analysis plan. This paper will therefore be the basis for a number of papers that will present the results of the trial. We will first provide brief background information on the research population, the relevance of Internet interventions for this population, and introduce the 2 Internet interventions that are the subject of this trial. Next, the importance of identifying mediating and predicting factors for the intervention effect is discussed. In the remaining sections, we give a detailed description of the trial’s design, our hypotheses, and the analysis plan for handling the data that the trial will collect. The analysis plan is written in general terms, in order to facilitate the use of this strategy in other contexts, and to keep this paper focused. Consequently, the extended background of—and reasoning for—the specific hypotheses will be presented in future papers that will focus on the results of the proposed analyses.
Chronic Fatigue and Cancer
Cancer-related fatigue is defined as “a persistent, subjective sense of physical, emotional and/or cognitive tiredness or exhaustion related to cancer or cancer treatment that is not proportional to recent activity, and interferes with usual functioning” [1]. It is 1 of the most prevalent and distressing long-term consequences of cancer [2], interferes with the activities of daily living, work ability [3], and maintenance of social relations, and consequently impacts patients’ well-being [4]. As the number of cancer survivors in the Netherlands is expected to increase rapidly, with a growth of over 50% in the 10-year prevalence between 2009 and 2020 [5], there is a strong need for effective and accessible treatments.
The etiology of cancer-related fatigue probably involves the deregulation of several interrelated physiological, biochemical, and psychological systems [6]. There is no definite somatic explanation for the persistence of fatigue after cancer [7-9], and estimates of the proportion of cancer survivors who suffer from persistent fatigue vary widely [8,10]. However, research has shown that if fatigue continues 3 months after treatment, it is unlikely to decrease of its own accord [8]. The term chronic cancer-related fatigue (CCRF) is used in this paper for severe fatigue that continues for 3 months or longer after cancer treatment completion.
Management of Chronic Cancer-Related Fatigue
Currently, both pharmacological treatments and nonpharmacological treatments are applied to the effective management of CCRF; see the overview articles published by Ahlberg et al [9] and Koornstra et al [11]. Guidelines state that if no primary association can be found for the persistence of fatigue with a somatic condition, behavioral interventions should also be considered [1]. The previously reported effects of nonpharmacological interventions on fatigue vary widely, as can be seen in the overview of recent meta-analyses in Table 1. Effect sizes tend to be higher when the intervention targets fatigue, and when increased fatigue was an inclusion criterion for the study. Not all studies that were included in the meta-analyses primarily targeted fatigue, therefore effect sizes might not be representative for nonpharmacological interventions that target fatigue.
Meta-analyses (off treatment) Intervention type ESa (95% CI) Fatigue reduced (P-value)
Jacobsen 2007 (kb=4%) Psychological dc = 0.10 (0.02-0.18) Yes (<.05) [12]
Jacobsen 2007 (k=29%) Activity-based d=0.05 (-0.08-0.19) ns [12]
Kangas 2008 (100%) Psychological WMESd(re) = 0.51 (0.10-0.92) Yes (.015) [13]
Kangas 2008 (100%) Exercise WMES(r) = 0.13 (-0.77-1.02) ns (.784) [13]
Speck 2010 (100%) Exercise WMES(r) = 0.54 (0.19-0.90) Yes (.003) [14]
Brown 2011 (k=54%) Exercise WMES(r) = 0.31 (0.22-0.40) Yes [15]
Duijts 2011 (n=31%) Behavioral techniques SMDf(fg) = 0.16 (0.08-0.23) Yes (<.001) [16]
Duijts 2011 (nh=42%) Exercise SMD(r) = 0.315 (0.10-0.53) Yes (.004) [16]
Cramp 2012 (100%) Exercise SMD = 0.37 (0.18-0.55) Yes [17]
Tomlinson 2014 (100%) Exercise SMD(r) = 0.61 (0.33-0.88) Yes [18]
aES = Effect size; values are positive when the intervention was able to reduce fatigue more compared to the control condition.
bk=percentage of studies
cd=Cohen’s d
dWMES = weighted means effect size
er=random effects
fSMD = standardized mean difference
gf=fixed effects
hn=percentage of participants
Table 1. Ten recent meta-analyses considering nonpharmacological interventions for cancer patients that included off-treatment fatigue.
Behavioral interventions are often based on energy balance models and/or stress coping models [12,19]. In energy balance models, CCRF is seen as a consequence of deconditioning and prolonged inactivity during cancer and its treatment. Secondary fatigue arises as a result of detraining and can lead to a downward spiral. In stress coping models, CCRF is conceptualized as a result of ineffective coping strategies and prolonged stress response [20]. Cognitive behavioral treatments that are based on these theories include physical activity interventions, exercise interventions [14,17,21,15,22], and mindfulness-based cognitive interventions [23-26] and have been shown to help reduce CCRF in previous studies [12,13]. However, all these interventions require the patient to travel to a health care facility, which can be a burden to the patient. Therefore, introducing effective interventions in a home-based setting could improve the health care options for this group.
Potential Benefits of Internet Interventions
Internet interventions offer advantages that cancer survivors who suffer from fatigue could especially benefit from. They have been found to be as effective as face-to-face therapies for a wide range of disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder, burnout or chronic stress, and depression [27-32]. Internet interventions have the ability to reach a wider range of patients compared to face-to-face interventions, especially severely fatigued patients, those with limited mobility, or patients in rural or even remote areas. Also, patients may benefit from the home-based setting of Internet interventions as these patients can practice more often, are less bound to the availability of care professionals, and can incorporate the intended behavioral change directly into their daily routine. Moreover, visiting a health care facility may no longer be desirable for some cancer survivors due to negative associations with the disease process or because they no longer want to be identified as a cancer patient and prefer the anonymity of their own environment.
Internet Interventions for Fatigue
In the Netherlands, to our best knowledge there are currently 3 Internet interventions that aim to reduce chronic fatigue: (1) an experimental mobile intervention aimed at changing physical activity behavior for participants with chronic fatigue syndrome [33]; (2) the Web-based mindfulness-based cognitive therapy “Minder Moe Bij Kanker” [34]; and (3) a Web-based cognitive behavior therapy for severely fatigued breast cancer survivors, which is the subject of the current CHANGE study (trial registration NTR4309) [35].
This paper describes the design and analysis plan that studies the first 2 of these Internet interventions in a randomized controlled trial. Each of these 2 interventions is described below.
Mobile Activity Management Intervention: Ambulant Activity Feedback Therapy
The ambulant activity feedback therapy (AAF) is a mobile intervention that utilizes an ambulant activity coaching system, supported weekly by a physiotherapist through email [33]. The activity coaching system was developed by Roessingh Research and Development (Enschede, The Netherlands) and consists of a mobile phone and an accelerometer (Multimedia Appendix 1) that communicate through Bluetooth [33].
In this intervention, the patient works to meet personal activity goals and subgoals that will be defined together with the therapist. The coaching system supports this process by showing real-time feedback about the accumulated activity of the patient relative to a personalized line of reference and tailored hourly feedback messages. Both the line of reference and the set of feedback messages of the activity coaching system can be adjusted by the therapist through a Web portal (see Figure 1 and Multimedia Appendix 2). Patients also have access to a Web portal where they can monitor their past personal activity records. Consequently, patients are expected to gain insight in their activity pattern and on how to increase or balance their daily activity in a way that improves their energy levels. More information about AAF is given in Wolvers and Vollenbroek-Hutten (in press) [36].
Figure 1. Screenshot of the Web portal for the ambulant activity feedback therapy (Dutch).
Web-Based Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) [37] adds elements of cognitive therapy to the mindfulness-based stress reduction program that was originally developed by John Kabat-Zinn [38]. The Helen Dowling Institute (Bilthoven, the Netherlands) developed a 9-week Web-based, therapist-guided, individual MBCT (eMBCT) specifically designed to reduce cancer-related fatigue [23]. On a personal Web page (see Figure 2 and Multimedia Appendix 3), each patient can download audio files of mindfulness exercises and read information about a specific mindfulness theme each week. Patients write down their experiences of following the mindfulness exercises in a log. On an agreed-upon day of the week, the therapist replies to this log, thereby guiding the patient through the program. It is hypothesized that by learning to raise awareness of their present experience nonjudgmentally and openly, the patient can become aware of potentially ineffective coping strategies that prolong stress and fatigue [39,40]. Patients learn to use a detached perspective as a skill to prevent the escalation of automatic negative thinking patterns. MBCT also teaches patients how to accept fatigue, physical limitations, or pain. The protocol of the eMBCT is discussed more extensively in the article by Bruggeman-Everts et al [34].
Figure 2. Screenshot of the Web portal for eMBCT (Dutch).
Our primary question is whether both interventions are effective in reducing fatigue. Therefore, the interventions will be compared to an active control group in a randomized controlled trial. The advantage of this design, as compared to a waiting-list control group, is that we can control for nonspecific influences of the trial, such as receiving attention. Also, we expect that in an active control group, fewer participants will drop out than in a waiting-list control group.
Usually, results of interventions are presented in terms of an average improvement of the relevant outcome measure. However, practice shows that individuals benefit differently from interventions [41]. Therefore, the proposed trial will aim to identify individual fatigue trajectories, since that seems to be more informative and helpful in improving health care provisions for CCRF-patients than just presenting averages.
To optimize interventions in terms of efficiency and effectiveness, treatment-specific and nonspecific working mechanisms should be identified that account for each intervention’s effect on fatigue. Knowledge about these mechanisms is an important prerequisite for improving the efficiency of interventions by shifting focus or shortening the intervention. Also, effectiveness can be increased by improving and tailoring the relevant items, subjects, or exercises, as well as improving the way these are embedded in the intervention. Therefore, the second objective of this study will be to identify the working mechanisms underpinning the interventions.
By using a 3-armed randomized design, it is possible to study both treatment-specific (differentiating) and nonspecific working mechanisms. Also, by assessing important factors multiple times during the intervention, important time-specific information can be acquired.
Effect Predictors
Although we expect that, in general, both interventions are effective, personal factors, medical factors, and demographics may determine the effect that each intervention has on fatigue [41]. We do not expect all individuals to benefit similarly from the interventions. Therefore, studying potential predictors of each intervention’s effect will give us important input to inform both patients and caregivers and allow them to set reasonable expectations.
CCRF has a multifactorial character (eg, physical, cognitive, motivation); therefore, studying the effect predictors of 2 theoretically differing interventions simultaneously might also reveal differentiating predictors for both therapies. By applying such knowledge carefully, the overall effectiveness of interventions that aim to reduce CCRF can be increased.
A randomized controlled trial is performed including 3 parallel conditions: 2 experimental conditions (AAF and eMBCT) and a minimal intervention control condition. The intervention period is 9 weeks for all 3 conditions. Both experimental conditions are made as similar as possible in terms of time-investment and contact intensity with the therapist. Outcomes are self-reported and are Web-assessed at baseline (T0), 2 weeks post-intervention (T1), and at 6 months (T2) and 12 months (T3) after baseline. Figure 3 shows a schematic summary of the trial design.
The baseline assessment consists of 3 time-points: (1) T0a, the assessment to check eligibility; (2) T0b, the main baseline assessment taken after the eligibility check and informed consent, but naive of condition; and (3) T0c, directly after randomization for assessing the participant’s credibility and expectancy about the condition. All participants are invited to fill out short questionnaires in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9 (Mi) of the intervention period in order to study mediation of the interventions.
After T2, patients in the control condition are offered 1 of the 2 experimental interventions, again in a research setting. Please note that the first 4 participants of this trial were randomized to 1 of the experimental conditions for the second semester, but to minimize dropout, all other patients will be allocated based on their own preference. During this second intervention period, these participants will again be assessed in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9 (Mi’), the second week after the intervention (T1’), and 6 months after the second allocation (T2’). Participants in the control condition that are preferentially allocated to eMBCT after T2 do not wear the accelerometer during the second semester.
The protocol allows delay within the intervention period of a maximum of 2 weeks in case of, for example, illness or holiday. For all participants, the duration of their participation is approximately 12 months. Additional qualitative feedback will be obtained through explorative interviews with a subset of participants in the experimental condition shortly after T1 or T1’.
This trial was approved by the Twente Medical Ethical Committee (Enschede, the Netherlands) under number P12-26 and has been registered at The Netherlands National Trial Register under number NTR3483 [42].
Figure 3. Flow chart of trial design. CS = cancer survivor; MD = medical doctor; PA = physical activity; T0(a-c)-T3 are the main assessments; Mi and Mi' represent assessments in week (i =) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9 of the intervention. For addressing the primary research questions of effectiveness, only data from the first semester will be used.
Study Sample
Participants are recruited in the Netherlands by advertisements in the newsletters of patient associations (both digital and print), on relevant websites, in regional newspapers, and through social media. Furthermore, participants also are recruited through oral presentations given to cancer patients and in other cancer-related seminars and symposia for patients, caregivers, or both.
Social media and online advertising can be strong tools for reaching a large group of people [43] or even specific patients [44,45]. However, the sample might be younger, more highly educated, and might comprise more females compared to the Dutch CCRF population [46]. However, it will lead to a sample that represents the targeted population for such Internet interventions, and we are likely to include participants who would not have opted for therapy that includes traveling to a health care facility.
The following criteria are used to check eligibility for participation in the trial:
Completion of a curative-intent treatment for cancer at least 3 months ago (checked by participant’s medical doctor). For this study, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and/or stem cell transplantation are considered treatment. However, hormonal therapy, the use of anti-inflammatories, and monitoring visits are not considered treatment for this study.
Patient has been suffering from severe fatigue for at least 3 months.
Patient scores 35 or higher on the fatigue severity subscale of the Checklist for Individual Strength (CIS).
Aged 19 years old or older.
At least 18 years old at disease onset.
Capable of reading and writing in the Dutch language and of using the Internet (implicit eligibility criterion accounted for during registration, but not checked explicitly).
If patients meet 1 or more of the following criteria, they are excluded from participation:
Indication of current disease or tumor activity (checked by the participant’s medical doctor).
Current or former severe psychiatric morbidity, for example, major depression, psychosis, or schizophrenia (checked by the participant’s medical doctor).
Being dependent on a wheelchair for daily activity (self-report).
Recurrence of cancer during the course of the study (self-report).
Current substance abuse, except for smoking.
Previously attended the eMBCT of the Helen Dowling Institute.
In addition to the mentioned exclusion criteria, please note that:
Mild depression is not an exclusion criterion. A score of 20 points or higher on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) during baseline is considered indicative of depression [47]. Therefore, if the patient scores 20 points or higher, he or she will be contacted by a psychologist from the Helen Dowling Institute to determine whether the participant has suicidal ideation or suffers from other severe psychiatric morbidity. A participant will only be excluded if, according to the involved psychologist, that is the case.
Comorbid somatic diseases—such as cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, and arthritis that are not treatable but are a possible cause of fatigue—are not exclusion criteria but will be registered during the study. Although this choice will probably lead to an underestimated effect size compared to studies that do exclude patients with comorbidities, we expect that such a sample will lead to a better representation of the CCRF population.
Participants are requested not to take part in any other therapy directed at overcoming fatigue during the study.
Data of participants who report pregnancy or recurrence of cancer during the course of the study will be excluded from analysis since the fatigue they experience cannot be considered to be of a chronic character according to our definitions. However, if requested, these patients will be allowed to finish the intervention.
Participants apply for inclusion in the study at the project website [48,49].
After online registration, participants receive the patient information and informed consent form by direct mail. They are requested to sign and return the informed consent in a prepaid envelope. Also, they receive a registration confirmation by email with login details for the participant’s Web portal on the project website. Participants are requested to complete assessment T0a as a check on eligibility. Also, the participant’s medical doctor is consulted to check 3 of the eligibility criteria: finished curative-intent treatment for cancer more than 3 months ago, no current signs of cancer activity, absence of current or former major psychiatric disease.
If the eligibility-criteria are met, the researcher confirms the participant’s enrollment. Subsequently, the activity sensor is given to the participant and its setup is explained in a face-to-face meeting in the participant’s home or another mutually convenient location. The second baseline assessment starts (T0b), followed by randomization of the participant to 1 of the 3 conditions by a script embedded in the researchers’ Web portal and uses the random function of php (rand(1,3)) [50]. The researchers can neither influence nor predict the outcome of the randomization process. Subsequently, the researcher emails the participant about the outcome of randomization, requests the participant to complete the third baseline assessment (T0c), and assigns the participant to a therapist in case the participant has been randomized to an experimental condition. Participants who do not fill out T0c are considered as not being included. The allocation of a therapist is based on current availability of the therapists who are involved in the trial.
Research Conditions
Both experimental conditions are described in the Introduction and will be described more extensively in an article on eMBCT by Bruggeman-Everts et al [34], and a paper on the development of the AAF intervention by Wolvers and Vollenbroek-Hutten (in press) [36].
Active Control Condition
Patients who are assigned to the control condition receive weekly emails containing standard psycho-educational texts about CCRF in order to minimize the dropout rate, following the design of Postel et al [51]. An example of the information that is offered in this minimal intervention control condition is given in Multimedia Appendix 4 and overlaps completely with the information that is given during both experimental interventions. This condition controls for receiving information on CCRF and for being involved in eHealth research.
Nonadherence and Withdrawal
Participants who do not adhere to, or withdraw from, the study or the intervention are contacted by phone and asked for the reason for nonadherence or withdrawal. Participants who want to stop with the intervention are asked to complete a post-intervention assessment at T1 and follow-up assessments at T2 and T3. Participants who withdraw from the study are asked to answer the questions of the fatigue severity subscale of the CIS online or during a telephone conversation.
All self-reported questionnaires are Web-assessed via a Web portal on the project website [48,49], developed by Roessingh Research and Development. Participants receive an email when an assessment becomes available and can log in to the Web portal to complete the questionnaires. During the intervention period, each assessment is available for 1 week, but can stay open longer if therapy is postponed due to, for example, illness or holiday. If a participant has not completed it within 6 days, he or she is reminded by email at least once to complete the questionnaire. Within each assessment, the questionnaires are grouped on the basis of importance and subject. Item sequences of the questionnaires for the mediating factors and outcome measures differ between the assessments. Personal data is stored separately from the research data. An overview of all the assessments is shown in Tables 2 and 3.
Physical activity data is collected using the same device as that used for the ambulant activity feedback therapy: a 3D-accelerometer (ProMove 3D) combined with a mobile phone that collects the accelerometer data and sends it to a secured Web server at Roessingh Research and Development [52]. However, the mobile phone does not give feedback on activity, but does state whether the system is working properly and sends an error message if the connection to the sensor fails. Participants are reminded by email to wear the accelerometer on the day before the start of the week in which they will be using it.
Fatigue severity will be assessed with the CIS, which consists of 20 items that score on a 7-point Likert scale [53,54]. The CIS has 4 subscales (fatigue severity, motivation, concentration, and physical fatigue) of which the fatigue severity subscale will be used as the primary outcome (8 items, range: 8-56 points). The CIS has shown good discriminative validity in a working population [55], is sensitive to changes in the chronic fatigue syndrome population [56], and has previously been used with cancer survivors [7,57]. The CIS strongly resembles the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, which is often used in international studies [54]. Fatigue severity will be assessed at T0a, T0b, M3, M6, M9, T1, T2, and T3. However, the other 3 subscales will only be assessed at T0b, T1, T2, and T3.
Mental health will be assessed from the results of 2 questionnaires: the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS [52]) and the HADS [58], both of which are included in an item bank for cancer survivors [59]. The PANAS consists of 20 items that score on a 5-point Likert scale and has 2 subscales: positive and negative affect. The HADS consists of 14 items on a 4-point scale, has been validated for a Dutch-speaking population [60], and has previously been used to assess psychological distress in cancer patients [61]. Mental health will be assessed at T0a, T1, T2, and T3.
Perceived Ability to Work
The work ability score, which is assessed with the first question of the work ability index [62,63], will also be used as an outcome parameter. It asks: “Imagine that your working ability in the best period of your life is rated 10 points. How would you rate your working ability at the present moment?” It is assessed at T0b, T1, T2, and T3.
Working hours and the level of absenteeism are assessed with questions from the Trimbos and iMTA questionnaire on costs associated with psychiatric illness (TiC-P) [64]). These will be assessed at T0b, T2, and T3.
Outcome Measures and Potentially Mediating Factors Parameters T0a Mi/Mi’b T1/T1’ T2/T2’ T3
Primary outcome Fatigue severity CIS fatigue severity subscale: 8 items on a 7-point Likert scale. a, b 3,6,9 x x x
Secondary outcomes Other dimensions of fatigue CIS physical and cognitive fatigue and motivation subscales: 4 items for each subscale, all on a 7-point Likert scale. b
Affect PANAS: 20 items on a 5-point Likert scale. a
Psychological distress HADS: 14 items on a 4-point scale. a
Self-perceived ability to work Work ability score: 1 item on a 0-10 numeric rating scale (NRS). b
Return to work and working hours Adapted questions of the TiC-P. b
Primary mediating factors Mindfulness Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory short form [65,66]: 14 items on a 4-point Likert scale. b 3,6,9 x x x
Physical activity (PA) Accelerometer: ProMove 3D [52]. Both summative PA and daily PA decline will be considered. b 3,6,9c x
Sleep quality Subjective Sleep Quality Scale [67]:15 items (yes/no), and 1 self-conceptualized item (yes/no) that translates into: “Did you use sleep medication?” b 3,6,9 x x x
Sense of control over fatigue Self-Efficacy Scale [56]: 7 items on a 4-point Likert scale. b 3,6,9 x x x
Credibility and expectancy Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire [68]: 6 items of which 4 are on a 9-point Likert scale, and 2 items on a 0-100 NRS. c, c’ 1,2,4
Working alliance Working Alliance Inventory short form [69,70]: 12 items on 5-point scale; subscales: goal, task, bond.
Secondary mediating factors Perceived physical activity Four self-conceptualized questions on perceived activity volume, comparative volume, and satisfaction with volume. b
Self-efficacy on activities Selected items from the self-efficacy scales of Bandura [71] and Rodgers [72,73]: 13 items on a 0-100 NRS; subscales: planning and coping. b
Catastrophizing Fatigue Catastrophizing Scale [74,75] 9 selected items on a 5-point Likert scale. b
Fear of cancer recurrence Two selected items on a 7-point Likert scale [76]. b
Causal attributions One self-conceptualized open answer question that translates to: “What do you consider as the cause of your fatigue?” b
aBaseline assessment T0 consists of 3 time-points: T0a: before eligibility check, T0b: after inclusion, and T0c: after randomization. T0c’ is assessed after preferential allocation.
bMi and Mi’ = assessments at week (i=) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9 of the intervention
cAll physical activity measurements are blind except for the experimental activity feedback condition at M3, M6, and M9. In the second semester, M3’, M6’, and M9’ do not include a physical activity measurement in the mindfulness condition.
Table 2. Assessments of outcome measures and potentially mediating factors.
Demographics, medical history, and control factors T0a T1/T1’ T2/T2’ T3
Age, gender, education, family status, nationality, time since diagnosis, time since previous treatment, fatigue duration, psychological counseling in the past, comorbidity. a
Cancer type, cancer treatment, perceived life threat of cancer (7-point Likert scale), known heredity of cancer (yes/no/don’t know), former experience with attention focusing exercise (yes/no), religious beliefs, perceived social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support [77]: 12 items on a 7-point Likert scale). b
Medication use, substance use (caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, drugs), quality of life (1 item on a 0-10 NRS). a x x x
Pain intensity and limitations by pain (2 items on a 7-point Likert scale), body mass index. b x x x
Life events since previous assessment, professional help received for fatigue outside the scope of the study protocol.
Perceived effectiveness of the intervention (5 items of which 1 item 0-10 NRS and 2 yes/no questions), perceived social support in following the intervention (1-10 NRS).
Social desirability: 6 selected items from the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding [78] on 5-point Likert scale.
aBaseline assessment T0 consists of 3 time-points: T0a: before eligibility check; T0b: after inclusion; and T0c: after randomization.
Table 3. Other assessments.
Mediating Factors
Several categories of mediators will be considered: intervention-specific mediators for either eMBCT (eg, mindfulness, catastrophizing, and fear of cancer recurrence) or AAF (eg, physical activity, perceived physical activity, and self-efficacy on physical activity), and generic mediators (eg, sleep quality, sense of control over fatigue, credibility, expectancy, working alliance, and causal attributions). Furthermore, a distinction is made between primary and secondary mediating factors: primary factors are assessed at multiple occasions during the intervention in order to study the timely development of those factors; secondary factors are not assessed during the intervention. A complete overview of all assessments on mediating factors is given in Table 2.
Demographics, Medical History, and Control Factors
Several other factors are assessed, including demographics, medical history, and control factors. All are listed in Table 3.
Analysis Plan
SPSS software will be used for data management and Mplus [79], which is a latent variable modeling program, for the subsequent analyses. The exact versions of the software used will be reported in the future papers.
Pre-Analysis
Power Analyses
The sample size for analyses for data relating to the primary objective has been calculated for a repeated measures analysis of variance: based on an alpha of .05, a minimal detectable effect size of f2=.15, and a power of .80, a total number of 55 participants [80] is required in each group to answer the primary research question of this study in a statistically valid manner.
We expect to be able to include 330 eligible participants within a period of 2 years, based on a mean of 3.7 intakes per week for the eMBCT of the Helen Dowling Institute in 2011. An estimated attrition of 30% of the participants during both experimental interventions and 15% during the minimal intervention control condition [51] would leave us with 77 participants in each experimental group and 94 participants in the control group at T2. Again, we expect a dropout rate of 30% during the second semester. Such a dropout would leave a total of 110 participants completing each experimental intervention. Ten percent of the participants may have to be excluded from the analyses because of recurrence or diagnosis of metastasis. That would result in 198 participants that complete the full trial. We expect that this number will be enough for testing the 6 mediating factors or effect predictors: A classical, conservative power calculation (analysis of variance for testing 6 mediators or effect predictors with an intermediate effect size (f2=.08), corrected according to Bonferroni (alpha=.05/6), and at a power of .80 [81]) would result in approximately 254 participants being needed. We expect that the actual power when including 198 participants, and not the required 254 participants, will be great enough to detect up to 6 mediators or effect predictors with the use of Bayesian statistics [76]. Bayesian statistics allow analysis on small sample sizes [76,77], as more power can be generated with the use of prior information which is incorporated in the model that is being tested. Various papers describe comparisons between traditional null hypothesis testing and Bayesian estimation [82-85]. For this study, prior knowledge is available for many parameters, such as the effects of mindfulness in cancer survivors [23,25,66,86] and the role of working alliance in online interventions [87]. Examples of these methods can be found in both applied psychology and social science articles [88-92].
Missing Data Handling
Missing data will be analyzed considering their pattern and randomness following guidelines proposed by Schafer and Graham [93]. Bias due to systematic missing data will be managed according to guidelines proposed by Asendorpf et al [94].
Descriptives
Quantitative analyses will be conducted on an intention-to-treat basis. A flow diagram following the CONSORT guidelines will be included. Descriptive statistics will be calculated and presented. Independent samples’ t-tests and χ2 tests will be performed to check for baseline differences between the respective experimental conditions and the control condition with respect to demographic variables (eg, family status, age, gender, and level of education), time since end of treatment, and baseline levels of the outcome variables. If we find statistically significant differences in the mean of fatigue severity across baseline descriptives, dummy variables will be added to the model as covariates to control for these differences.
Core Analysis
Five steps will be taken to evaluate the effectiveness of both interventions, which are explained here in a generic way. The specific hypotheses on the effectiveness of the interventions in our study are shown in Textbox 1.
Textbox 1. Hypotheses on effectiveness.
View this box
Overall effectiveness will be tested in an intention-to-treat analysis by a multiple group latent growth model [79] using data from the first semester. This technique allows individuals to have an individual growth trajectory over time and compensates for missing data in an elegant way.
Since different growth patterns are expected for the pre-intervention period, the intervention period, and the post-intervention period, we will apply piecewise growth modeling so that a slope factor will be estimated for each of the 3 periods (Figure 4). Initial intercepts will be configured to represent the T0b score. This intercept and the pre-intervention slope factor will be constrained to be equal between all 3 conditions (and this assumption will be checked), whereas the subsequent slope factors will be estimated separately for the 3 conditions.
The fit of the piecewise model will be compared with a quadratic model. In the quadratic model, the entire first semester is modeled with 1 slope factor and 1 quadratic factor for each of the 3 conditions and an intercept that represents T0b and is constrained similarly to the piecewise model.
Both models will be run both with and without using time-varying loadings in order to check whether corrections should be made for differences in timings between the questionnaires. Growth factor estimates and model fits for all 4 models will be reported (Table 5).
Neither the participants nor the researchers (FBE and MW) are blinded to allocation. Therefore, an independent statistician (RvdS) who is blind to the allocation will test the primary hypothesis.
The same procedure will be followed for the secondary outcomes, except that the initial intercept of mental health will represent T0a, rather than T0b, because T0b does not include an assessment of mental health.
Results of frequentist analyses will be reported by P-values (significant in case <.05) and with 95% confidence intervals. Parameter estimates of models by means of Bayesian estimators will be reported with 95% central credibility intervals.
Figure 4. Simplified representation of a piecewise linear latent growth model, with latent intercept factor (I), latent slope factors preintervention (S(pre)), during the intervention (S(int)), and postintervention (S(post)), and 7 indicators Y. Error terms, correlation coefficients, and covariances are left out.
Fixed loadings Time-varying loadings
Piecewise, linear Mean: I, S(pre), S(int), S(post)
Variance: I, S(pre), S(int), S(post) Mean: I, S(pre), S(int), S(post)
Variance: I, S(pre), S(int), S(post)
Quadratic Mean: I, S, Q
Variance: I, S, Q Mean: I, S, Q
Variance: I, S, Q
Table 5. Growth factor estimates of 4 different latent growth models.
The effect size of both experimental interventions will be calculated according to recommendations in Feingold (2009) [95] for both primary and secondary outcomes.
The proportion of participants who make clinically relevant progress on the primary outcome will be calculated for all 3 conditions; again, in an intention-to-treat analysis. Percentages and standard deviations of the reliable change index will be presented.
A latent growth model will be built of the primary outcome, in which the outcome measures that have been measured at T3 will also be included, as distal outcomes of changes in the primary outcome during the first semester.
A growth mixture model (GMM) will be used to further explore differences between individuals, and more specifically to identify subpopulations (latent classes) with homogeneous growth trajectories of the primary outcome within the experimental groups. The Bayesian information criterion will be used for model selection [96].
If convergence considerations allow, this model will be adjusted to allow covariance of the growth factors in order to acknowledge individual variation around the estimated growth trajectories. The trace plots will be inspected to check whether the models have converged to global solutions and a set of diverse starting values will be used. For more information on these analyses, we refer to an introduction to GMM and latent class growth analysis by Jung and Wickrama [97] and examples of similar analyses in the field of Internet interventions [98] and cancer patients [41].
The analysis of the mediators of the experimental conditions can be roughly subdivided into two steps: first analyze the primary factors individually for their longitudinal correlations with the outcome (Step 6), then combine the relevant factors in a multivariate analysis (Step 7). The specific hypothesis on the mediating factors of the interventions in this study are shown in Textbox 2.
For analyzing the mediators of the experimental conditions, first we want to see whether there is a correlation between the growth trajectories of our outcome parameter and the potential mediator over time. The hypotheses considering mediators are shown in Textbox 2. The combined data from the participants in the first semester and data from the preferentially assigned participants in the second semester will be used.
The following subhypotheses will be tested for each primary mediator (these are also shown in Figure 5):
Is the growth of the primary outcome (Sy) for the entire study population correlated with growth of the potential mediator (Sz)?
Is such correlation independent of group?
Does the potential mediator change over time in the specific group, so is the slope factor (Sz) substantially unequal to zero?
Is the slope factor in the specific group substantially greater than the slope factors in the other groups?
In these 4 subhypotheses, the first is congruent with testing the “conceptual theory” in classical mediation analysis, and subhypothesis 3 with testing the “action theory.” If subhypotheses 1-4 all are true, the factor will be considered a specific mediator for that intervention. If subhypotheses 1, 2, and 3—but not 4—are true, the factor will be considered a general mediator for fatigue severity. If either subhypothesis 1 (conceptual theory) or 3 (action theory) is false, the factor will not be considered a mediator.
Textbox 2. Hypotheses on mediators.
Figure 5. Simplified representation of a correlated growth model in which Iy and Sy represent the intercept and slope factors of the latent growth model of the outcome parameter, and Iz and Sz represent the latent growth factors of the mediator. H1-4 represent the 4 subhypotheses of Step 6. All indicators have been left out for clarity.
The next step in studying potential working mechanisms is a single-step, multiple-mediation analysis using structural equation modeling [104-106]. By estimating such a model, we expect to obtain a comprehensive model for all the working mechanisms of the intervention. It should be noted that this model assumes that an intervention works in the same way for all participants in a particular group [107]. Again, data from both semesters will be used.
A separate model will be tested for each intervention. Each model will have the following paths (Figure 6), where X=independent variable (1/0 for specific intervention vs control group), Y=outcome variable (difference score T2-T0b of the primary outcome measure), and Z=mediator:
a: X regressed on Z.
b: Z regressed on Y;
c’: direct effect of X on Y.
For each experimental intervention, the starting model will consist of all the significant primary mediators of Step 6 that have also been assessed in the control group. In other words, the factors that have shown to be mediators in the correlated growth model will be the starting point for this model. The models will then be complemented with the secondary mediating factors described in Textbox 2. Mediating factors for which the indirect effect (a × b) is insignificant will be removed stepwise, after which a final model will be created.
Model fit, standardized path coefficients—including indirect effects—and the total effect of at least the first and final models will be reported with 95% confidence intervals.
Figure 6. Multiple mediation model with independent variable (X), dependent variable (Y), and 2 mediators (Z). Direct effect (c’) and indirect effects (through a x b) are shown.
Two complementing approaches for analyzing the effect predictors are addressed in steps 8 and 9 of this analysis plan. The specific hypotheses on the effect predictors for both interventions in this particular study are shown in Textbox 3.
Textbox 3. Hypotheses on effect predictors.
To find out which participants benefit most from each intervention, the final model of fatigue severity of Step 1 will be extended with potential effect predictors (Textbox 3) that load on the latent growth factors “linear slope” (the “post randomization” linear slope in case of the piecewise model) and, if applicable, “quadratic slope.” As the regression coefficients of all potential effect predictors on the development of fatigue severity will be freely estimated across the 3 intervention groups, this is also called a moderation effect of intervention.
Factor loadings of all hypothesized effect predictors will be reported. Those with the highest loadings will be compared between the conditions in order to find differential effect predictors.
To identify common effect predictors of homogeneous subpopulations within the heterogeneous population, rather than identifying effect predictors for individual growth patterns, the final step will consist of regressing predictors on latent classes. Therefore, the final model of Step 5, the GMM, will be extended. Again, several potential effect predictors will be regressed onto this model, but this time on the latent class factor, instead of on the latent growth factors. The 3-step procedure proposed by Vermunt [109] will be used for model selection. This step will be carried out separately for each experimental condition.
Recruitment for the trial started in March 2013 and is expected to continue until April 2015. No major changes have been made to the protocol. However, due to an error in the randomization algorithm between January 14, 2014, and July 15, 2014, allocation was dependent on the number of participants who were allocated at once. This in turn was completely random. Consequently, 10 participants were allocated directly to the AAF group; 4 other participants were divided equally between the 2 experimental interventions; and 15 accounts (of which, 1 was a dummy account) were equally divided between the 3 groups. None of the researchers were aware of this error, as this allocation could very well have simply been the result of the “roll the dice” scenario that should have been applied. How many participants were allocated at once was not the subject of the researchers’ decision-making. Therefore, we argue that allocation has still been random and, accordingly, data for all considered participants will be processed as originally planned.
At the time of this writing in January 2015, 269 patients have registered at the project website. Of these, 111 have been officially included in the study, 50 were excluded from participation, and 35 withdrew before their eligibility was checked. The remaining patients are still in the enrollment phase. The main reason for exclusion so far has been a score lower than 35 on the CIS fatigue severity subscale (60%). Furthermore 11% did not meet the psychiatric stability requirement, 8% were younger than 18 at the time of cancer diagnosis, and 8% were still receiving cancer treatment.
Current group sizes as of January 2015 for participants in the first semester are 36 (AAF), 24 (eMBCT), and 32 (control). However, 19 participants have not yet been randomized. Initial responses to the primary research question are expected to be available by the end of 2015.
This paper has described the design, hypotheses and analysis plan of a randomized controlled trial in order to study the effectiveness, mediation, and effect predictors of 2 Internet-based interventions for CCRF. Although recruitment and inclusion have already started, publishing the analysis plan is of great value because it will help to prevent outcome reporting bias [110] and adds validity information to the final studies [111].
By using multiple assessments during the intervention, the proposed trial design is suitable for studying the chronological development of both potential mediators and fatigue. That has 2 main advantages. Firstly, the data will be suitable for analyses that allow for variation in the individual fatigue trajectories. We do not expect that either of the interventions that have been included in the trial will be beneficial for all participants: our study sample will be highly heterogeneous considering for example tumor and treatment types. Therefore, the analyses on individual growth trajectories can acknowledge that expectation and test that hypothesis. This will substantiate the interpretation of the results on effectiveness and will be an important first step in identifying what works for whom. Secondly, this study design enables us to use a fully longitudinal mediation analysis, at least for the most important factors, rather than using indirect effects analysis in cross-sectional mediation analysis.
Another important feature of the proposed design is that by comparing 2 different interventions with an active control group, therapy-specific elements of the interventions can be distillated from the data acquired during this trial. This advantage counts for both the effect predictors and the mediators. Knowledge about such differentiating factors can and should be used to better inform patients with CCRF and to improve allocation of patients with CCRF to suitable interventions. As a result, an increase in the overall effectiveness of relevant interventions can be established.
In this paper, we have presented the trial design, our hypotheses, and a detailed analysis plan. In accordance with good clinical practice, and to avoid outcome reporting bias, this paper was submitted before any of the data was analyzed. All methods are now openly predetermined, therefore any future publication describing this trial can be valued reliably on its quality.
A limitation of the current paper is that for most instruments, this paper does not include information on its properties or a thorough rationale for its choice. More extensive information on the actual instruments will be reported in subsequent papers on the results of the various research questions posed in this trial.
Given the growing number of patients suffering from CCRF, the availability of effective Internet interventions potentially strengthens current health care for this population substantially. We have proposed a design to study 2 Internet interventions in order to gain insight into their effectiveness, mediators, and effect predictors, which fully acknowledges differences between individual patients and differences in the way they respond to each intervention. Results on the effectiveness and mediators will give useful information for improving both the quality and availability of such interventions. Also, identifying effect predictors for positive intervention effects will improve the referral of patients to relevant interventions. By presenting our hypotheses and analytic strategy before completion of data collection, this paper is a first step in carefully reporting on this comprehensive trial.
The project “Fitter na kanker” in which this trial will be carried out is financed by the “Alpe d’HuZes/KWF-fonds” (project number 2011-5264) and is a collaboration between the Helen Dowling Institute and Roessingh Research and Development. We thank Richard Evering for his contributions to the grant proposal.
Study conception and design: all authors; acquisition of data: FE and MW; analysis and interpretation of data: not applicable; drafting of manuscript: MW; critical revision: all authors.
Picture of the ProMove accelerometer and mobile phone app with feedback.
PNG File, 1MB
Additional screenshot of the therapist Web portal for ambulant activity feedback therapy (Dutch).
PNG File, 82KB
Additional screenshot of the patient Web portal for eMBCT (Dutch).
JPG File, 130KB
Example of an information letter for the minimal intervention control condition (Dutch).
PNG File, 110KB
CONSORT E-HEALTH checklist V1.6.1 [112].
PDF File (Adobe PDF File), 1021KB
Mock V, Atkinson A, Barsevick A, Cella D, Cimprich B, Cleeland C, National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Practice Guidelines for Cancer-Related Fatigue. Oncology (Williston Park) 2000 Nov;14(11A):151-161. [Medline]
Ploos van Amstel Floortje K, van den Berg Sanne W, van Laarhoven Hanneke W M, Gielissen Marieke F M, Prins JB, Ottevanger PB. Distress screening remains important during follow-up after primary breast cancer treatment. Support Care Cancer 2013 Aug;21(8):2107-2115. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Duijts Saskia F A, van Egmond Martine P, Spelten E, van MP, Anema JR, van der Beek Allard J. Physical and psychosocial problems in cancer survivors beyond return to work: a systematic review. Psychooncology 2014 May;23(5):481-492. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Curt GA, Breitbart W, Cella D, Groopman JE, Horning SJ, Itri LM, et al. Impact of cancer-related fatigue on the lives of patients: new findings from the Fatigue Coalition. Oncologist 2000;5(5):353-360 [FREE Full text] [Medline]
Meulepas JM, Kiemeney LALM, Benraadt J. Trends en prognoses van incidentie, sterfte, overleving en prevalentie. In: Van Driel F, Knoop L, editors. Kanker in Nederland tot 2020: trends en prognoses (Dutch). Oisterwijk: VDB Almedeon; 2011:65-65.
Ryan JL, Carroll JK, Ryan EP, Mustian KM, Fiscella K, Morrow GR. Mechanisms of cancer-related fatigue. Oncologist 2007 Jan;12 Suppl 1:22-34 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]
Servaes P, Gielissen M F M, Verhagen S, Bleijenberg G. The course of severe fatigue in disease-free breast cancer patients: a longitudinal study. Psychooncology 2007 Sep;16(9):787-795. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Goedendorp MM, Gielissen Marieke F M, Verhagen Constans A H H V M, Bleijenberg G. Development of fatigue in cancer survivors: a prospective follow-up study from diagnosis into the year after treatment. J Pain Symptom Manage 2013 Feb;45(2):213-222. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Ahlberg K, Ekman T, Gaston-Johansson F, Mock V. Assessment and management of cancer-related fatigue in adults. Lancet 2003 Aug 23;362(9384):640-650. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Cella D, Davis K, Breitbart W, Curt G, Fatigue C. Cancer-related fatigue: prevalence of proposed diagnostic criteria in a United States sample of cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol 2001 Jul 15;19(14):3385-3391. [Medline]
Koornstra Rutger H T, Peters M, Donofrio S, van den Borne Ben, de Jong Floris A. Management of fatigue in patients with cancer -- a practical overview. Cancer Treat Rev 2014 Jul;40(6):791-799. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Jacobsen PB, Donovan KA, Vadaparampil ST, Small BJ. Systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological and activity-based interventions for cancer-related fatigue. Health Psychol 2007 Nov;26(6):660-667 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]
Kangas M, Bovbjerg DH, Montgomery GH. Cancer-related fatigue: a systematic and meta-analytic review of non-pharmacological therapies for cancer patients. Psychol Bull 2008 Sep;134(5):700-741. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Speck RM, Courneya KS, Mâsse LC, Duval S, Schmitz KH. An update of controlled physical activity trials in cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cancer Surviv 2010 Jun;4(2):87-100. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Brown JC, Huedo-Medina TB, Pescatello LS, Pescatello SM, Ferrer RA, Johnson BT. Efficacy of exercise interventions in modulating cancer-related fatigue among adult cancer survivors: a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011 Jan;20(1):123-133 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]
Duijts Saskia F A, Faber MM, Oldenburg Hester S A, van BM, Aaronson NK. Effectiveness of behavioral techniques and physical exercise on psychosocial functioning and health-related quality of life in breast cancer patients and survivors--a meta-analysis. Psychooncology 2011 Feb;20(2):115-126. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Cramp F, Byron-Daniel J. Exercise for the management of cancer-related fatigue in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012 Jan;11:CD006145. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Tomlinson D, Diorio C, Beyene J, Sung L. Effect of exercise on cancer-related fatigue: a meta-analysis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2014 Aug;93(8):675-686. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Mock V. Cancer-related fatigue. In: Given CW, Given BA, Champion V, Kozachik S, Devoss DN, editors. Evidence-based cancer care and prevention: behavioral interventions. New York: Springer Publishing Company; 2003.
Gélinas C, Fillion L. Factors related to persistent fatigue following completion of breast cancer treatment. Oncol Nurs Forum 2004;31(2):269-278. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Barsevick AM, Dudley W, Beck S, Sweeney C, Whitmer K, Nail L. A randomized clinical trial of energy conservation for patients with cancer-related fatigue. Cancer 2004 Mar 15;100(6):1302-1310 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]
Bourke L, Homer KE, Thaha MA, Steed L, Rosario DJ, Robb KA, Taylor Stephanie J C. Interventions for promoting habitual exercise in people living with and beyond cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 Jan;9. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Van der Lee ML, Garssen B. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces chronic cancer-related fatigue: a treatment study. Psychooncology 2012 Mar;21(3):264-272. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Lengacher CA, Johnson-Mallard V, Post-White J, Moscoso MS, Jacobsen PB, Klein TW, et al. Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for survivors of breast cancer. Psychooncology 2009 Dec;18(12):1261-1272. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Carlson LE, Garland SN. Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on sleep, mood, stress and fatigue symptoms in cancer outpatients. Int J Behav Med 2005 Jan;12(4):278-285. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Shapiro SL, Bootzin RR, Figueredo AJ, Lopez AM, Schwartz GE. The efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction in the treatment of sleep disturbance in women with breast cancer: an exploratory study. J Psychosom Res 2003 Jan;54(1):85-91. [Medline]
Ruwaard J, Schrieken B, Schrijver M, Broeksteeg J, Dekker J, Vermeulen H, et al. Standardized web-based cognitive behavioural therapy of mild to moderate depression: a randomized controlled trial with a long-term follow-up. Cogn Behav Ther 2009 Dec;38(4):206-221. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Ruwaard J, Lange A, Bouwman M, Broeksteeg J, Schrieken B. E-mailed standardized cognitive behavioural treatment of work-related stress: a randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther 2007;36(3):179-192. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Lange A, Rietdijk D, Hudcovicova M, van de Ven Jean-Pierre, Schrieken B, Emmelkamp Paul M G. Interapy: a controlled randomized trial of the standardized treatment of posttraumatic stress through the internet. J Consult Clin Psychol 2003 Oct;71(5):901-909. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Knaevelsrud C, Maercker A. Long-term effects of an internet-based treatment for posttraumatic stress. Cogn Behav Ther 2010 Jan;39(1):72-77. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Knaevelsrud C, Maercker A. Internet-based treatment for PTSD reduces distress and facilitates the development of a strong therapeutic alliance: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Psychiatry 2007;7:13 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]
Andersson G, Cuijpers P. Internet-based and other computerized psychological treatments for adult depression: a meta-analysis. Cogn Behav Ther 2009;38(4):196-205. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Evering R, Drossaert C, Vollenbroek-Hutten MMR. Ambulatory feedback at daily physical activities in treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. In: Ambulatory feedback at daily physical activity patterns - a treatment for the chronic fatigue syndrome in the home environment?. Enschede: Gildeprint Drukkerijen; 2013:123-148.
Bruggeman-Everts FZ, Van der Lee ML, De Jager Meezenbroek E. Web-based individual Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for cancer-related fatigue - A pilot study. Internet Interventions 2015 May;2(2):200-213. [CrossRef]
Nederlands trial register. 2013. Web-based cognitive behaviour therapy for severely fatigued breast cancer survivors: CHANGE study URL: http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=4309 [accessed 2014-10-22] [WebCite Cache]
Wolvers MDJ, Vollenbroek-Hutten MMR. An mHealth Intervention Strategy for Physical Activity Coaching in Cancer Survivors. : CEUR Workshop Proceedings; 2015 Presented at: International Workshop on Personalisation and Adaptation in Technology for Health; 2015 June 30; Dublin URL: http://ceur-ws.org/
Segal Z, Williams M, Teasdale J. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression: A New Approach to Preventing Relapse. New York: The Guilford Press; 2001.
Kabat-Zinn J, Lipworth L, Burney R, Sellers W. Four-year follow-up of a meditation-based program for the self-regulation of chronic pain: treatment outcomes and compliance. Clin J Pain 1987;3(3):60.
Bishop SR, Lau M, Shapiro S, Carlson L, Anderson ND, Carmody J, et al. Mindfulness: a proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 2004 Aug 01;11(3):230-241. [CrossRef]
Kabat-Zinn J, Lipworth L, Burney R. The clinical use of mindfulness meditation for the self-regulation of chronic pain. J Behav Med 1985 Jun;8(2):163-190. [Medline]
Zhu L, Schroevers MJ, Van der Lee ML, Garssen B, Stewart RE, Sanderman R, et al. Trajectories of personal control in cancer patients receiving psychological care. Psychooncology 2015 May;24(5):556-563. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Everts FZ, Wolvers MDJ. Nederlands trial register. 2012. Investigating two home-based interventions for people suffering from chronic fatigue after cancer URL: http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=3483 [accessed 2014-02-20] [WebCite Cache]
Quach S, Pereira JA, Russell ML, Wormsbecker AE, Ramsay H, Crowe L, et al. The good, bad, and ugly of online recruitment of parents for health-related focus groups: lessons learned. J Med Internet Res 2013 Jan;15(11):e250 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]
Heffner JL, Wyszynski CM, Comstock B, Mercer LD, Bricker J. Overcoming recruitment challenges of web-based interventions for tobacco use: the case of web-based acceptance and commitment therapy for smoking cessation. Addict Behav 2013 Oct;38(10):2473-2476 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]
Morgan AJ, Jorm AF, Mackinnon AJ. Internet-based recruitment to a depression prevention intervention: lessons from the Mood Memos study. J Med Internet Res 2013;15(2):e31 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]
Stopponi MA, Alexander GL, McClure JB, Carroll NM, Divine GW, Calvi JH, et al. Recruitment to a randomized web-based nutritional intervention trial: characteristics of participants compared to non-participants. J Med Internet Res 2009 Jan;11(3):e38 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]
Le FP, Devereux J, Smith S, Lawrie SM, Cornbleet M. Screening for psychiatric illness in the palliative care inpatient setting: a comparison between the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the General Health Questionnaire-12. Palliat Med 1999 Sep;13(5):399-407. [Medline]
Fitter na kanker. 2013. First project Web site URL: http://www.fitternakanker.nl/ [accessed 2014-02-26] [WebCite Cache]
Fitter na kanker. 2014. Revised project Web site URL: http://www.fitternakanker.nl/ [accessed 2014-06-05] [WebCite Cache]
PHP Manual. Function reference 'rand' URL: http://php.net/manual/en/function.rand.php [accessed 2015-01-28] [WebCite Cache]
Postel MG, de Haan Hein A, ter Huurne Elke D, Becker ES, de Jong Cor A J. Effectiveness of a web-based intervention for problem drinkers and reasons for dropout: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res 2010 Jan;12(4):e68 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]
Op den Akker H, Tabak M, Marin-Perianu M, Huis in ’t Veld R, Jones VM, Hofs D, et al. Development and evaluation of a sensor-based system for remote monitoring and treatment of chronic diseases - the continuous care & coaching platform. In: Proc 6th Int Symp eHealth Serv Technol.: SciTePress; 2012 Jul Presented at: Sixth international symposium on e-health services and technologies; 3-4 July 2012; Geneva p. 19-27 URL: http://www.harmopdenakker.nl/papers/2012Development.pdf
Vercoulen JH, Swanink CM, Fennis JF, Galama JM, van der Meer J W, Bleijenberg G. Dimensional assessment of chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychosom Res 1994 Jul;38(5):383-392. [Medline]
Dittner AJ, Wessely SC, Brown RG. The assessment of fatigue: a practical guide for clinicians and researchers. J Psychosom Res 2004 Feb;56(2):157-170. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Beurskens AJ, Bültmann U, Kant I, Vercoulen JH, Bleijenberg G, Swaen GM. Fatigue among working people: validity of a questionnaire measure. Occup Environ Med 2000 May;57(5):353-357 [FREE Full text] [Medline]
Prins JB, Bleijenberg G, Bazelmans E, Elving LD, de Boo T M, Severens JL, van der Wilt G J, van der Meer J W. Cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2001 Mar 17;357(9259):841-847. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Servaes P, Verhagen S, Bleijenberg G. Determinants of chronic fatigue in disease-free breast cancer patients: a cross-sectional study. Ann Oncol 2002 Apr;13(4):589-598 [FREE Full text] [Medline]
Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983 Jun;67(6):361-370. [Medline]
Smith AB, Armes J, Richardson A, Stark DP. Psychological distress in cancer survivors: the further development of an item bank. Psychooncology 2013 Feb;22(2):308-314. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Spinhoven P, Ormel J, Sloekers PP, Kempen GI, Speckens AE, Van Hemert AM. A validation study of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in different groups of Dutch subjects. Psychol Med 1997 Mar;27(2):363-370. [Medline]
Bjelland I, Dahl AA, Haug TT, Neckelmann D. The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. An updated literature review. J Psychosom Res 2002 Feb;52(2):69-77. [Medline]
Van den Berg TIJ, Elders LAM, De Zwart BCH, Burdorf A. The effects of work-related and individual factors on the Work Ability Index: a systematic review. Occup Environ Med 2009 Apr;66(4):211-220. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Ilmarinen J. The Work Ability Index (WAI). Occupational Medicine 2006 Oct 17;57(2):160-160. [CrossRef]
Hakkaart-Van Roijen L. Manual Trimbos/iMTA Questionnaire for Costs Associated with Psychiatric Illness. 2002. URL: http://www.bmg.eur.nl/fileadmin/ASSETS/bmg/english/iMTA/Publications/Manuals___Questionnaires/Manual_TIC_P_Versie_Engels_september_2010.pdf [accessed 2015-06-16] [WebCite Cache]
Walach H, Buchheld N, Buttenmüller V, Kleinknecht N, Schmidt S. Measuring mindfulness—the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). Personality and Individual Differences 2006 Jun;40(8):1543-1555. [CrossRef]
Foley E, Baillie A, Huxter M, Price M, Sinclair E. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for individuals whose lives have been affected by cancer: a randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 2010 Feb;78(1):72-79. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Cox CMM. Quality of sleep in hospital settings. Maastricht: Universitaire Pers; 1992. The Subjective Sleep Quality Scale URL: http://digitalarchive.maastrichtuniversity.nl/fedora/get/guid:d6583a11-c0b9-4da6-aca4-3ddacc2ce799/ASSET1 [accessed 2015-06-16] [WebCite Cache]
Devilly GJ, Borkovec TD. Psychometric properties of the credibility/expectancy questionnaire. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2000 Jun;31(2):73-86. [Medline]
Vervaeke G, Vertommen H. De werkalliantievragenlijst. Gedragstherapie 1996;29:139-144 Dutch.
Busseri MA, Tyler JD. Interchangeability of the Working Alliance Inventory and Working Alliance Inventory, Short Form. Psychol Assess 2003 Jun;15(2):193-197. [Medline]
Bandura A. Guide for constructing self-efficacy scales. In: Kirshner B, editor. Self-efficacy beliefs adolesc. Charlotte: Information Age Publishing; 2006:307-337.
Rodgers WM, Sullivan MJL. Task, Coping, and Scheduling Self-Efficacy in Relation to Frequency of Physical Activity. J Appl Social Pyschol 2001 Apr;31(4):741-753. [CrossRef]
Rodgers WM, Wilson PM, Hall CR, Fraser SN, Murray TC. Evidence for a multidimensional self-efficacy for exercise scale. Res Q Exerc Sport 2008 Jun;79(2):222-234. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Donovan KA, Small BJ, Andrykowski MA, Munster P, Jacobsen PB. Utility of a cognitive-behavioral model to predict fatigue following breast cancer treatment. Health Psychol 2007 Jul;26(4):464-472 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]
Jacobsen PB, Andrykowski MA, Thors CL. Relationship of catastrophizing to fatigue among women receiving treatment for breast cancer. J Consult Clin Psychol 2004 Apr;72(2):355-361 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]
Laubmeier KK, Zakowski SG, Bair JP. The role of spirituality in the psychological adjustment to cancer: a test of the transactional model of stress and coping. Int J Behav Med 2004 Jan;11(1):48-55. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Zimet GD, Powell SS, Farley GK, Werkman S, Berkoff KA. Psychometric characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. J Pers Assess 1990;55(3-4):610-617. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Paulhus D. Measurement and control of response bias. In: Robinson J, Shaver P, Wrightsman L, editors. Meas Personal Soc Psychol Attitudes. San Diego: Academic Press; 1991:17-59.
Muthen LK, Muthen BO. Mplus users guide. Sixth edition. 2010. URL: https://www.statmodel.com/download/usersguide/Mplus%20Users%20Guide%20v6.pdf [accessed 2015-06-16] [WebCite Cache]
Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A, Buchner A. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 2007 May;39(2):175-191. [Medline]
Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang A. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods 2009 Nov;41(4):1149-1160. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Kuiper RM, Hoijtink H. Comparisons of means using exploratory and confirmatory approaches. Psychol Methods 2010 Mar;15(1):69-86. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Hoijtink H, Huntjes R, Reijntjes A, Kuiper R, Boelen PA. An evaluation of Bayesian inequality constrained analysis of variance. In: Hoijtink H, Klugkist I, Boelen PA, editors. Bayesian Evaluation of Informative Hypotheses. New York: Springer; 2008:85-108.
Hoijtink H, Klugkist I. Comparison of hypothesis testing and Bayesian model selection. Qual Quant 2007 Feb;41(1):73-91. [CrossRef]
Van de Schoot Rens, Hoijtink H, Mulder J, Van Aken MAG, De Castro BO, Meeus W, et al. Evaluating expectations about negative emotional states of aggressive boys using Bayesian model selection. Dev Psychol 2011 Jan;47(1):203-212. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Ledesma D, Kumano H. Mindfulness-based stress reduction and cancer: a meta-analysis. Psychooncology 2009 Jun;18(6):571-579. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Knaevelsrud C, Maercker A. Does the quality of the working alliance predict treatment outcome in online psychotherapy for traumatized patients? J Med Internet Res 2006;8(4):e31 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]
Kammers MPM, Mulder J, De Vignemont F, Dijkerman HC. The weight of representing the body: addressing the potentially indefinite number of body representations in healthy individuals. Exp Brain Res 2010 Jul;204(3):333-342 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]
Meeus W, Van de Schoot R, Keijsers L, Schwartz SJ, Branje S. On the progression and stability of adolescent identity formation: a five-wave longitudinal study in early-to-middle and middle-to-late adolescence. Child Dev 2010;81(5):1565-1581. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Van de Schoot R, Wong TML. Do delinquent young adults have a high or a low level of self-concept? Self and Identity 2012 Apr;11(2):148-169. [CrossRef]
Van Well S, Kolk AM, Klugkist IG. Effects of sex, gender role identification, and gender relevance of two types of stressors on cardiovascular and subjective responses: sex and gender match and mismatch effects. Behav Modif 2008 Jul;32(4):427-449. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Kroese FM, Adriaanse MA, Vinkers CDW, Van de Schoot R, De Ridder DTD. The effectiveness of a proactive coping intervention targeting self-management in diabetes patients. Psychol Health 2013 Jan;29(1):110-125. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Schafer JL, Graham JW. Missing data: our view of the state of the art. Psychol Methods 2002 Jun;7(2):147-177. [Medline]
Asendorpf JB, Ran de Schoot R, Denissen JJA, Hutteman R. Reducing bias due to systematic attrition in longitudinal studies: The benefits of multiple imputation. International Journal of Behavioral Development 2014 Jul 03;38(5):453-460. [CrossRef]
Feingold A. Effect sizes for growth-modeling analysis for controlled clinical trials in the same metric as for classical analysis. Psychol Methods 2009 Mar;14(1):43-53 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]
Nylund KL, Asparouhov T, Muthén BO. Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: a Monte Carlo simulation study. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 2007 Oct 23;14(4):535-569. [CrossRef]
Jung T, Wickrama KAS. An introduction to latent class growth analysis and growth mixture modeling. Social Pers Psych Compass 2008 Jan;2(1):302-317. [CrossRef]
Mouthaan J, Sijbrandij M, De Vries GJ, Reitsma JB, Van de Schoot R, Goslings JC, Luitse JSK, Gersons BPR, et al. Internet-based early intervention to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder in injury patients: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res 2013;15(8):e165 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]
Gielissen MFM, Verhagen S, Witjes F, Bleijenberg G. Effects of cognitive behavior therapy in severely fatigued disease-free cancer patients compared with patients waiting for cognitive behavior therapy: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2006 Oct 20;24(30):4882-4887 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]
Simard S, Thewes B, Humphris G, Dixon M, Hayden C, Mireskandari S, et al. Fear of cancer recurrence in adult cancer survivors: a systematic review of quantitative studies. J Cancer Surviv 2013 Sep;7(3):300-322. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Servaes P, Verhagen S, Schreuder HWB, Veth RPH, Bleijenberg G. Fatigue after treatment for malignant and benign bone and soft tissue tumors. J Pain Symptom Manage 2003 Dec;26(6):1113-1122. [Medline]
Servaes P, Verhagen CAHHVM, Bleijenberg G. Relations between fatigue, neuropsychological functioning, and physical activity after treatment for breast carcinoma: daily self-report and objective behavior. Cancer 2002 Nov 1;95(9):2017-2026. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Buffart LM, Ros WJG, Chinapaw MJM, Brug J, Knol DL, Korstjens I, van den Borne B, Hoekstra-Weebers JEHM, et al. Mediators of physical exercise for improvement in cancer survivors' quality of life. Psychooncology 2014 Mar;23(3):330-338. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Bryan A, Schmiege SJ, Broaddus MR. Mediational analysis in HIV/AIDS research: estimating multivariate path analytic models in a structural equation modeling framework. AIDS Behav 2007 May;11(3):365-383. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Hayes AF. Beyond Baron and Kenny: statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs 2009 Dec;76(4):408-420. [CrossRef]
Preacher KJ, Hayes AF. Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behav Res Methods 2008 Aug;40(3):879-891. [Medline]
MacKinnon DP, Taborga MP, Morgan-Lopez AA. Mediation designs for tobacco prevention research. Drug Alcohol Depend 2002 Nov;68 Suppl 1:S69-S83 [FREE Full text] [Medline]
Gielissen MFM, Schattenberg AVM, Verhagen CAHHVM, Rinkes MJ, Bremmers MEJ, Bleijenberg G. Experience of severe fatigue in long-term survivors of stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007 May;39(10):595-603. [CrossRef] [Medline]
Vermunt JK. Latent class modeling with covariates: two improved three-step approaches. Political Analysis 2010 Sep 23;18(4):450-469. [CrossRef]
Dwan K, Gamble C, Williamson PR, Altman DG. Reporting of clinical trials: a review of research funders' guidelines. Trials 2008 Jan;9:66 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]
Finfer S, Bellomo R. Why publish statistical analysis plans? Crit Care Resusc 2009 Mar;11(1):5-6. [Medline]
Eysenbach G, Consort- E. CONSORT-EHEALTH: improving and standardizing evaluation reports of Web-based and mobile health interventions. J Med Internet Res 2011;13(4):e126 [FREE Full text] [CrossRef] [Medline]
Edited by G Eysenbach; submitted 23.02.15; peer-reviewed by L Zhu; comments to author 08.04.15; revised version received 22.04.15; accepted 23.04.15; published 23.06.15
©Marije DJ Wolvers, Fieke Z Bruggeman-Everts, Marije L Van der Lee, Rens Van de Schoot, Miriam MR Vollenbroek-Hutten. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 23.06.2015.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12160
|
__label__cc
| 0.711577
| 0.288423
|
Blind alpaca's stolen brother makes global headlines
From Checkpoint, 5:53 pm on 28 March 2018
Bambi the blind alpaca has been left bereft after his brother Charisma was stolen from a property at Dairy Flat, in north Auckland, in the dead of night just over two weeks ago.
Bambi relied on Charisma to navigate his way around the paddock and without his brother is unable to move around.
His plight has made global headlines after the police posted a video of him on Facebook.
The alpacas' owner Jan Lummis just wanted Charisma back, saying Bambi's life depends on it.
"Charisma has always been very good with him. They're normally always together and if [Charisma] moves off, Bambi usually gets up and follows him because he can smell him obviously as he walks around."
There had been a few possible sightings of Charisma, she said, including in Levin.
"A lady saw an alpaca in a truck...the trailer was from Auckland...She did get the registration number. So I believe the police are following up on that now to see whether or not that was Charisma."
She had a message for the thief.
"If they are listening to this and they're feel guilty about it and they have a conscience and if he's not in the freezer already, please bring him back.
"And if necessary just put him straight back into the paddock where he was taken from and nobody will know anything - apart from the fact that you have brought him back and you can now sleep [at night]."
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12164
|
__label__wiki
| 0.708008
| 0.708008
|
Blog – Archived
Why EVs?
Savings and Tax Credits
Fleet Advantages
EV Resources
Exclusive Group Buy Pricing for Nissan LEAF
Learn about Charging
Consumer Vehicles
Charging Station Map
Rochester EV Accelerator
Ride and Drives
Comparison Calculator
@RochesterEVs
Have you been considering getting an EV? Well now is the perfect opportunity with the Nissan LEAF rebate, offered u… https://t.co/RMNRKheSOx 08:25 AM July 16
Follow @RochesterEVs
The cost of purchasing or leasing a plug-in electric vehicle is typically greater than the cost of a comparable gasoline or diesel model. However, many commercial fleets purchasing electric vehicles today are already anticipating a lower total cost of ownership for these vehicles. This is because higher purchase costs are offset over time by sharply lower operating costs. Depending on the number of miles driven, the ownership period, and other variables, these vehicles could generate significant savings.
Reduced Spending on Fuel: When operating on electricity, the cost to fuel a plug-in electric vehicle is substantially lower than the cost of gasoline or diesel. For example, at a price of $3 per gallon, a gasoline-powered vehicle getting 30 miles per gallon costs about 10 cents per mile to fuel. By comparison, at the national average electricity price of 10 cents per kilowatt hour, a typical electric vehicle costs about 3 cents per mile to fuel.
Reduced Spending on Maintenance: An electric drivetrain is functionally more simple than a conventional drivetrain. For example, a battery electric vehicle has only one moving part: the electric motor. Electric vehicles also feature simpler transmissions, and they do not require fluid replacement. Even features like regenerative braking reduce wear and tear on basic vehicle components. Commercial fleets operating these vehicles today are reporting maintenance cost reductions of more than 50 percent for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) across all vehicle classes. Though savings for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are slightly reduced—due to their use of combustion technologies—the reductions are still significant.
When powered by electricity stored in an on-board battery, plug-in electric vehicles emit none of the tailpipe gases associated with conventional vehicles—gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. Therefore, these vehicles offer a significant improvement for air quality in urban environments. Depending on the fuel used to generate the electricity powering the vehicle, they may also offer significant total reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. For example, an EV powered by nuclear energy or renewable electricity results in negligible lifecycle emissions of greenhouse gas. When powered by the national average grid mix in the United States, an EV has the same CO2 emissions profile as a 50 miles per gallon hybrid—all while using zero foreign oil. New York State is home to one of the cleanest electricity grid regions in the U.S., and the electricity used to power an EV yields fewer greenhouse gas emissions than a 70 mpg hybrid.
Several commercial fleets operating plug-in electric vehicles have reported high levels of employee satisfaction, improved performance, and better retention. For example, in delivery applications, drivers of electric trucks appreciate the smooth and quiet ride, the elimination of diesel or gasoline exhaust fumes, and the idea that they are operating a cutting-edge technology. And retention has an impact on the bottom line: some commercial truck fleets estimate the total cost of hiring and training a new employee to be as much as $50,000.
Operational Benefits
Commercial fleets have reported numerous operational advantages associated with plug-in vehicles. For example, electric trucks eliminate trips to the gas station. For some parcel delivery fleets—particularly in dense urban areas—this reduces employee downtime. Utility and other service vehicles report that electrically-powered buckets reduce ambient noise at the job site and contribute to a safe work environment.
Fleet Answers, Electrified Vehicle Fleet Case Studies
Electrification Coalition, Fleet Electrification Roadmap
Union of Concerned Scientists – 2012 State of Charge Report
Electrification Coalition
New York State Energy Research and Development Authority
Greater Rochester Clean Cities
Energetics Incorporated
See All Partners »
Send ROC EV a message
All rights reserved © 2020 Rochester EV Accelerator | Branding and site design by One Tribe Creative. Site developed by Rocket Jones Interactive.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12167
|
__label__cc
| 0.735597
| 0.264403
|
Global Food Leader Begins The Journey to the Connected Enterprise
To help begin the Customer journey to a Connected Enterprise by converging IT and OT to provide increased visibility and remote monitoring
Consulting Services – To identify existing IT layer and applications and consider future roadmap and requirements
Service and Support Agreement – Remote monitoring of processes at the plant with alarms being responded to within 10 minutes
Industrial Data Center – Increases uptime by running multiple operating systems and applications from virtualized servers
Risk Management and Cost Savings – The cloud manages virus protection and cyber security, reducing risk and costs involved with managing onsite
Smart manufacturing – New system provides improved connectivity and visibility
Converging IT and OT to align multiple processes, people and geographies for greater productivity and sustainability
When a noted and iconic food and beverage company with a global reputation of being a trusted producer of delicious foods puts its trust in Rockwell Automation, then there’s every chance that this is a good recipe for success.
The challenges experienced with information sharing over a number of manufacturing sites all around the world would require an innovative solution to align multiple processes, people and geographies - laying the foundations for their journey towards a connected enterprise.
Given the size of the organisation, converging the plant floor operational technology with the office layer IT infrastructure globally was not a small undertaking but it was certainly a very important one to meet growing production and business goals.
Smart manufacturing drives productivity and profitability. It requires highly connected plants so devices and processes can be continually monitored and optimised.
Through The Connected Enterprise, Rockwell Automation helps food and beverage manufacturers offer a more agile response to changing manufacturing and consumer demands. The company works with customers to help them converge plant-level and enterprise networks, and securely connects people, processes and technologies.
Leveraging data from the Industrial Internet of Things is the basis of a connected enterprise approach.
Leveraging data from the Industrial Internet of Things is the basis of a connected enterprise approach. “It was important for us to gain an understanding of the existing IT layer and applications as well as considering the future roadmap and requirements,” explained Sean Doherty, Food & Beverage account manager, Rockwell Automation.
“In the first instance, it was vital to create a back up of the control layer of the plant so if there were any issues, the disaster recovery would seamlessly take place. The IDC provides a complete back up of the control system layer using FactoryTalk® AssetCentre and was built offsite in our facility in Auckland,” he added.
The majority of the commissioning was performed remotely and was a seamless process. The engineers were onsite for a week but once it was connected to the plant’s network, the remote support centre did the rest of the commissioning process remotely.
Combined IT and OT Support
Rockwell Automation was responsible for delivering the complete solution, converging IT and OT to help reduce downtime through remote monitoring.
“This provided several advantages to the customer as they were able to benefit from our expertise in cyber security and patching and also from the fact that we have a greater understanding of the operational environment than a typical IT provider- providing a complete solution, combining IT and OT technical support in the same number rather than having to bounce between providers and thus getting operations back into production more quickly,” explained Doherty.
“As a result of the service level agreement in place, the processes at the plant are monitored remotely and each filter or alarm is responded to every 10 minutes, with the average response time being only four minutes. In actual fact, every 2 minutes there’s a ‘heartbeat’ sent to the technical support team in Melbourne which then goes to the support team in UK, then US and then back through Melbourne. This means that they are supported end to end with any required patching supported remotely,” he said.
To increase manufacturing uptime at the plant, the customer invested in an Industrial Data Center (IDC) (PDF) from Rockwell Automation. The IDC is a pre-engineered solution providing the hardware required to run multiple operating systems and multiple applications from virtualised servers.
@ROKAutomation delivered the complete solution, converging IT and OT to help reduce downtime through remote monitoring
The Rockwell Automation IDC provides industry-leading technology from partners including Cisco, Panduit, EMC2 and VMWare. It delivers high availability and fault tolerance, while reducing server footprint.
The IDC is a key component for the Connected Enterprise vision. It provides the capability to bring data from the plant floor and monitor performance for local strategies.
Peace of mind came from knowing that the Rockwell Automation remote control centre was responsible for proactively monitoring the plant, while complete remote access was also provided from both the plant and from the corporate network, offering real time data visibility.
“This is the first step towards establishing a Connected Enterprise at the plant. The next stage of the project will establish the ability to gain process improvement through the whole organisation by providing the capability for both corporate and engineering to create reports based on real time information from the control system,” said Doherty.
A key goal of this project was to develop a roadmap that addresses all aspects of the operation, while also preparing for technology advances and meeting operational and corporate objectives such as reduced downtime and improved productivity.
The Industrial Data Center houses all of your applications in an easily managed and supported environment.
Meeting Global Performance and Environmental Strategies
The icing on the cake, was the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, energy and water usage, and waste. By analysing data the customer is now able to drill down and identify areas that could be improved to help meet these objectives. The new solution also helps with the move towards a paperless environment, with information being stored in the cloud and IDC.
The Connected Enterprise lays the foundation for seamless connectivity and greater collaboration among the many people, processes and technologies that impact product safety and quality. Additionally the digitisation of your operations removes paperwork from the plant floor reducing complexity and compliance costs. Smart operations are connected operations.
The ability to access relevant, real-time and role-based information can enable more informed decision-making at every level and create nearly endless opportunities for manufacturers to improve processes. Additionally, advances in equipment, control systems and information systems can help establish more flexible and more responsive operations.
The benefits of smart manufacturing extend far beyond operational improvements. A secure network infrastructure, greater connectivity and access to actionable information also create opportunities to enhance quality, food safety and worker safety.
“Alongside new technology, the process is about creating a culture of continuous improvement. The Connected Enterprise promotes seamless collaboration and integration enabling the power of real-time data to help make better, more profitable business decisions,” concluded Doherty.
Allen-Bradley, FactoryTalk AssetCentre and Rockwell Software are trademarks of Rockwell Automation, Inc.
Wonderful Pistachios built a new production facility to meet demand. With a control system from Rockwell Automation, the facility produces 5.6 million pounds daily.
Wonderful Pistachios Expands Food Production
The logistics company is improving flexibility, safety and efficiency by moving operators from the cab to the control room.
Pacific Coast Expands its Exporting Operation
Redesigned DuraKut dicer from Marlen is easier to use – and meets sanitary challenges and new consumer demands head-on. Features an icon-based HMI to speed training.
An Icon-Based HMI. What Could Be Simpler?
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12170
|
__label__cc
| 0.731115
| 0.268885
|
How to Help Make LOTO Safety Procedures Clear
You’re allowed to add more information to a machine LOTO procedure than OSHA requires, but make sure it’s clear so it doesn’t inadvertently endanger workers.
By Leah Shenold, lockout/tagout engineer, Rockwell Automation
Lockout/tagout (LOTO) procedures are designed with the safety of maintenance professionals in mind, but they also consider workers who are around or operate machines. For instance, OSHA cited an automation company for nine violations in connection with a worker’s fatal injuries when the worker was caught and pinned by a conveyor that had lowered during a power-down process. He died about a week later. Two of the nine violations related to their failure to implement an effective LOTO program for machines’ energy sources and to train workers on proper procedures.
And that’s just one example of thousands of LOTO-related accidents that happen every year, sadly. Because multiple audiences need to read procedures, it’s important to be intentional about the information provided within each LOTO procedure and how it’s presented.
According to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulation 1910.147, LOTO procedures “shall clearly and specifically outline the scope, purpose, authorization, rules, and techniques to be utilized for the control of hazardous energy, and the means to enforce compliance.” This means that each procedure should be clear and concise about the following things:
Which piece of equipment the procedure pertains to.
Who is qualified and allowed to perform the LOTO.
The steps to be taken to perform LOTO properly.
What the consequences will be if someone does not follow the LOTO procedure.
eBook Reveals 10 Key Industrial Automation Trends
Industrial firms are implementing digital tools such as single-control platforms, advanced analytics, edge computing, digital twins and more as part of their smart manufacturing strategy to be more competitive. The 2019 Industrial Automation Trends eBook explains 10 dominant trends propelling these efforts. Download it free.
These steps should include information about the type of energy, methods for controlling the energy and methods for verifying the lockout.
Additions: Helpful or Unnecessary?
What else could be added to procedures to make them more helpful? Often, there may be an opportunity to add more information to the procedure than is required by OSHA 1910.147.
Sometimes these additions are helpful, making a machine’s de-energization easier. But additions also can clutter the document, hindering clear understanding of the procedure. It is important to keep in mind who is going to be using the procedures when deciding what information is necessary.
Examples of helpful additions include:
Steps that instruct the authorized user to confirm that a certain valve be opened or closed to release pressure from a system.
Notes about associated equipment that must be shut off for employee or system safety.
Warnings about backup units that must be kept on, such as a backup pump, to make sure normal plant operations aren’t interrupted.
Other important warnings to verify that nothing goes awry when LOTO is being performed.
Webinar: Enable Powerful Safety Machinery Solutions with Controller-Based Safety
In this on-demand webinar from Rockwell Automation, learn about the new drive safety instructions for Studio 5000 Logix Designer® V31, the Kinetix® 5700 servo and PowerFlex® 750-Series drives and how safety functionality such as safe limited speed (SLS) and safe stop 1 (SS1) can help you build a more productive machine. View the free webinar now.
These additions can come into play in many industries. For example, it could be a plastic forming facility with a whole line of interconnected equipment. If someone wanted to work on an extruder, then there might be a note on the procedure document to shut down the former that it is feeding as well as the blending unit that is supplying the extruder with plastic pellets.
Another example is a dairy facility, where work might need to be done on a Clean-in-Place (CIP) pump. If this was the case, then there may be instructions to reroute the CIP system to another CIP pump so that the process isn’t interrupted and everything can continue on smoothly.
Examples of unnecessary additions are:
Information not relevant for de-energizing a machine.
Information on how to service the equipment, which is better documented separately in a preventive maintenance work instruction.
Instructions or explanations that have been elaborated on, which can obscure critical information.
Instructions that contain all the information that ever may be desired on a LOTO procedure “just in case,” instead of using employee trainings or other methods to share that knowledge.
Many companies try to add extra information to their LOTO procedures, because they see it as being helpful and necessary. However, this isn’t always the case.
For example, there have been instances when companies have attempted to include an Alternative De-energization Procedure (ADP) in their LOTO procedures. Someone looking at this and attempting to follow the section detailing how to lock out a piece of equipment might get confused and follow the ADP instead. If this were to happen, that person possibly could be put in harm’s way because the equipment is not fully locked out.
It’s important to be intentional about the information provided within each LOTO procedure and how it’s presented.
Procedure Documentation Types Should Vary
There isn’t one exact set standard for procedures, because they can vary depending on company and industry. OSHA allows freedom in the implementation of the procedure format as long as the regulation’s intent and minimum requirements are met. You might need to add small details that can make a LOTO procedure more specific and helpful. Many documentation formats can be used for a LOTO procedure.
The way a procedure is documented can make a big difference to the person trying to carry it out correctly. The types of procedure documentation will vary depending upon each company’s size and needs.
When authorized employees are locking out equipment, especially complex pieces, it’s generally recommended to use a graphical format. Graphical procedures tend to provide the clearest, most easily accessible and visually appealing guidance for employees so it doesn’t confuse or distract them from performing the lockout safely.
Learn about safety services from Rockwell Automation.
The Journal From Rockwell Automation and Our PartnerNetwork™ is published by Putman Media, Inc.
Automated plant delivers cleaner, better-tasting water to a Cape Cod vacation town and meets fluctuating water demand with one staff shift.
Water System Boosts Compliance, Slashes Costs
See how migration to a modern distributed control system helps a municipality increase wastewater capacity, streamline control and minimize overtime.
DCS Upgrade Boosts Wastewater Plant Efficiency
A U.S. Navy veteran explains what PM practices on a nuclear submarine can teach manufacturers about preventing failures to help avoid costly downtime.
A Submariner’s View of Predictive Maintenance
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12171
|
__label__cc
| 0.5572
| 0.4428
|
Test av Forbrukslån | Näyttö | Kredittkort | Beste Strømleverandør | Boligalarm | Forsikringer Sammenligning | Billig Mobil | Beste Luft til Luft Varmepumpe
Led by Vaia Tsolas, PhD, an Assistant Clinical Professor at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and a psychoanalyst on faculty at Columbia University, Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research, we are staffed by a team of psychologists with decades of experience and educational backgrounds from highly esteemed schools such as Columbia, Harvard, NYU and Fordham. Our staff are steeped in and dedicated to the philosophy of treating each and every client as an individual and to offering nothing short of the highest quality of care and personal concern to everyone who passes through our doors.
Click to schedule an appointment with Dr. Silverstein
ALISSA SILVERSTEIN, LMSW.
Alissa is a licensed master social worker at Rose Hill Psychological Services, where she provides psychodynamic psychotherapy to adults. She welcomes patients who are experiencing a range of challenges, including anxiety, depression, addiction, trauma, stress, and relationship conflicts. She offers psychotherapy sessions as safe spaces where she supports patients as they confront these challenges and attempt to understand themselves, their worlds and their behaviors better.
Alissa has a strong interest in feelings of “otherness” – disconnection from society at large, loved ones, and self. She aims to help her patients explore those feelings so that they may gain a deeper understanding of themselves and of the ways in which they relate to the world around them. In doing so, her goal is to help them feel more connected and integrated. She approaches treatment with an appreciation for the diverse range of identities and world views held by her patients, and makes room for their full expression during sessions. She is attuned to questions regarding gender and sexuality.
Alissa holds a Masters degree in Social Work from Columbia University.
VAIA TSOLAS, Ph.D.
Psychologist, Psychoanalyst
MICHAEL A. CIVIN, Ph.D.
RANA SIOUFI, Ph.D.
STEPHANIE HUNDT, M.A.
ANDJELA SAMARDZIC, M.A.
BRIAN JOHNSTON, LMSW.
ALISAA SILVERSTEIN, LMSW.
JAIME MCCAW, M.Phil.
ANDREW HARTZ, Ph.D., M.A.
330 West 58th Street, Suite 409,
Bronx Office
696 East 187th Street, Suites 205-8,
© Rose Hill Psychological | All Rights Reserved.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12173
|
__label__wiki
| 0.846627
| 0.846627
|
Soccer talent Matteo Carbone, 16, signs with…
SportsCollege sports
Soccer talent Matteo Carbone, 16, signs with Serie A club Fiorentina | Local Roundup
Matteo Carbone, 16, a Breakers Academy soccer player, signed with Lega Serie A club AFC Fiorentina earlier this month. Contributed
Former Santa Cruz Breakers Football Club talent Matteo Carbone was signed by storied Serie A club Fiorentina in early August.
Carbone, a 16-year-old midfielder out of Scotts Valley, began playing soccer in the Breakers Academy Grass Roots program at the age of 7. He spent the following nine years with the club, growing and developing through the academy system. Carbone also participated in the NorCal Premier PDP program, the ID2 program and was a member of the 2017 ID2 National Selection team that competed in the MIC Cup tournament in Spain. Carbone, the son of Cabrillo College and Breakers Academy coach Paolo Carbone, a has also participated in the U.S. Training Center sessions under U.S. Soccer.
ACF Fiorentina is widely recognized as one of the top youth academies in Europe. A few notable players who have come from the Fiorentina “cantera viola” include Federico Bernardeschi (current Juventus player) and Enrico Chiesa (current Italian National Team player). The 1990s icon Roberto Baggio (FIFA Ballon d’Or winner and FIFA World Player 1993) started his career with ACF Fiorentina.
Carle outrighted: The Texas Rangers announced that right-handed pitcher Shane Carle has been assigned outright to Triple-A Nashville on Sunday. He was designated for assignment Friday.
Carle, a 27-year-old Scotts Valley High and Cabrillo College alumnus, will remain in the Texas organization, though he’ll no longer occupy a spot on the 40-man roster.
Sambrailo practicing again: Watsonville native Ty Sambrailo suited up for the Atlanta Falcons practice Sunday, Vaughn McClure of ESPN.com reported.
Sambrailo had been sidelined with shoulder soreness and was seen with padding on his injured shoulder. Now that he’s back, expect the St. Francis High and Colorado State alumnus to regain his role as the starting right tackle.
The Falcons play at Jacksonville on Thursday at 4 p.m. in preseason action.
Donner Ski Ranch Pro-Am: Santa Cruz’s Steve Lonhart took second place in the Pro Masters 50+ Division at the Donner Ski Ranch Pro-Am in Norden on Sunday.
Lonhart fired a 12-under-par 98 total to finish one shot behind Mike Griffith of Placerville.
San Jose City Super Senior Amateur Championship: Santa Cruz County was well represented at the San Jose City Super Senior Amateur Championship at Santa Teresa Golf Club in San Jose over the weekend.
Frank Pieper (71-70–141) of Aptos took second place, Aptos’ David Hemrick (72-72–144) was third, and Santa Cruz’s Rich Gleghorn (73-72–145) was fourth. Ron Johnson (71-69–140) of Walnut Creek won the Super Senior Division.
Neil Duffy of Santa Cruz turned in scores of 74 and 76 for a 150 total.
JTNC Fall Series II Championship: Scotts Valley’s Candus Shi took sixth place in the Girls First Division at the Junior Tour of Northern California’s Fall Series II Championship on Sunday.
Shi, the Santa Cruz Coast Athletic League MVP the past two seasons, shot a 30-over 174 total over 36 holes at Windsor Golf Club in Windsor. Lily Peng of San Ramon won with a 17-over 161 total.
Local Roundup
More in Top Headlines
Aptos’ Eddie Olson qualifies for PGA Tour’s Farmers Insurance Open | Men’s golf
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12174
|
__label__wiki
| 0.678506
| 0.678506
|
Latest News from Sarah Bush | 2016 | Jun | Joag Named SBL Volunteer ...
Joag Named SBL Volunteer of the Year
June 30, 2016 9:59 a.m.
With a little extra time on her hands and new to the community, Nandini Joag decided to put it to good use and meet new people. That was 28 years ago and last week, she was named Sarah Bush Lincoln volunteer of the year for 2016.
Nandini was new to town when she came to Sarah Bush Lincoln to volunteer her time and learn new skills. What she accomplished over the years was helping others through difficult times. SBL Volunteer Services Director Colleen Stoner called Nandini “an extremely valuable volunteer” who has logged 4,150 hours of volunteering since coming to Sarah Bush Lincoln in 1988. After her husband, Internist Kiran Joag, MD, joined the Sarah Bush Lincoln medical staff, she started volunteering but the reason she got involved runs deeper.
Nandini began volunteering her time in the Regional Cancer Center as a way to honor her mother who unexpectedly passed away after a battle with cancer. “I find the work really fulfilling and I’d like to think that I have helped people through some tough times,” she said. “I bring a positive attitude to work with me and look for ways to help people in the cancer center.” Sometimes, she helps the staff, but most often she helps the patients and their families. In many cases, she listens to what people have to say because sometimes cancer can be a lonely disease and people may need to talk with someone. Volunteering at the hospital gives me a sense of pride and it makes me happy because I’m trying to improve the lives of community members by just being there for them,” she added.
Nandini says that people at Sarah Bush Lincoln are a “team and a family. Together, we can accomplish services that we alone cannot.” She is touched to receive this honor, “especially because it is recognition by my fellow volunteers.” Nandini’s commitment to service is illustrated in several ways. For example, she serves on the Guild board as a chairperson for all volunteers at the Regional Cancer Center. Nandini coordinates volunteers’ schedules and works as a liaison between cancer center staff and volunteers to assist patients and their families. She provides nonmedical help to the cancer center staff by guiding and leading patients to radiology when that is necessary and listening to patients and their families.
In addition to her work in the Regional Cancer Center, Nandini also volunteers as a clerk in the Gift Shop, with proceeds that support healthcare scholarships and other guild initiatives. She helps to plan, display and promote sales of various items in the shop and she has also volunteered on fundraising committees for the guild and its associated scholarships through the years. According to Nandini, she said that the volunteer team at Sarah Bush “generates substantial work hours, saving the organization manpower and resources.” After 28 years volunteering at Sarah Bush Lincoln, Nandini says she is still excited to be a part of Sarah Bush Lincoln and recommends it for others who have a few hours of spare time to contribute.
Next: Half Way to Weight Goal and Still Going Strong
Currently Reading: Joag Named SBL Volunteer of the Year
Previous: Advanced ICU Care Honors Sarah Bush Lincoln with 2016 I SEE YOU CARE Award
Careers Find a Doctor Pay Bill Online Patient Portal
Health Library Give to SBL Send an E-Card Appointment Visit Wellnotes Calendar of Events
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12175
|
__label__cc
| 0.643063
| 0.356937
|
The Links: “Misbehavin’ After Dark”
By | February 18, 2009
The Savannah Chapter of The Links, Incorporated and their guests were caught “Misbehavin After Dark” on January 10, 2009 at the Charles H. Morris Center in Trustees Garden. This stellar event offered Links, Connecting Links, and their guests prime entertainment for their evening of fun. Jazz enthusiasts entertained themselves in the Coconut Grove lounge grooving to Savannah’s own Ben Tucker … Continue reading “The Links: “Misbehavin’ After Dark””
Keith to Keynote Harambee Breakfast
The Savannah Section of National Council of Negro Women, Inc. (NCNW) will hold its annual Harambee Breakfast Saturday, February 28, 2009, 9:00 am at the Ralph Mark Gilbert Civil Rights Museum Multipurpose Annex 460 Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd. This year’s speaker will be Mrs. Lois Keith a retired educator currently serving as President of Henry County Retired Educators Association. … Continue reading “Keith to Keynote Harambee Breakfast”
Savannah Black Heritage Festival Partners to present Cross That River on Feb. 28
Raised in Brooklyn, Allan Harris was surrounded by music as a child: his mother was a classical pianist and his aunt was an opera and blues singer. Harris, who decided to become a musician at the age of eight, spent a lot of his childhood time at his grandfather’s farm in Western Pennsylvania where he engaged in other favorite pastimes … Continue reading “Savannah Black Heritage Festival Partners to present Cross That River on Feb. 28”
Love Welcomed as Savannah Technical College’s New President
Savannah Technical College Foundation, in conjunction with Savannah Economic Development Authority and Savannah Area Chamber of Commerce officially welcome Dr. Kathy Love, Savannah Technical College’s new president. The invitation-only reception, held at STC’s Eckburg Auditorium Tuesday, February 17 at 4:30 p.m., signifies Dr. Love’s formal introduction to the Savannah Community. “We are so delighted that Dr. Love is here and … Continue reading “Love Welcomed as Savannah Technical College’s New President”
Lady Annette S. Mitchell: 2009 Top Lady of the Year
Lady Annette S. Mitchell has been selected as the “2009 Top Lady of the Year” by the the Savannah Chapter of Top Ladies of Distinction, Incorporated (TLOD). The distinct honor has been bestowed upon this dedicated and loyal member for the second time. She was signaled for this award by the membership in 2006. Lady Mitchell was inducted into the … Continue reading “Lady Annette S. Mitchell: 2009 Top Lady of the Year”
Beach Band Boosters to Honor Lawrence Hutchins
Have you ever stood on the curbing during a parade and thrilled as the magnificent Marching Bull Dog band excited the crowds with their showmanship in marching and their great musical flair, or if you were in attendance at the football games and witnessed the terrific halftime shows by the Marching Bull Dogs, then you will want to be in … Continue reading “Beach Band Boosters to Honor Lawrence Hutchins”
Chatham County Commission Chairman Pete Liakakis’ 2009 Inaugural Address
With our partners at project Step-up, Savannah Tech and the Homebuilders Association, the Commission hopes to add another few hundred to the roster of success. An important part of economic self-sufficiency depends on reliable and efficient public transportation. I applaud the city of Savannah for its incentive program to get more of its employees on CAT buses to and from … Continue reading “Chatham County Commission Chairman Pete Liakakis’ 2009 Inaugural Address”
SSU’s NROTC Unit to receive Thurgood Marshall Award
The Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC) unit at Savannah State University has been selected to receive the Thurgood Marshall College Fund (TMCF) Outstanding ROTC Program Award. This distinguished honor was presented at the “Salute to Diversity” reception on Thursday, Feb. 12, from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. in Washington, D.C., at the Gallup World Headquarters, 901 F Street, NW. … Continue reading “SSU’s NROTC Unit to receive Thurgood Marshall Award”
Savannah Music Festival Announces Quarterfinalists American Traditions Competition
Select vocalists vie for more than $35,000 in cash awards and other prizes in four-day event The 16th annual American Traditions Competition returns to the historic Lucas Theatre for the Arts for its final round during the 2009 Savannah Music Festival. The illustrious four-day vocal showcase hosts 28 singers from around the United States between April 1 and 4. Judges … Continue reading “Savannah Music Festival Announces Quarterfinalists American Traditions Competition”
“Gullah/Geechee: An Enduring Culture”
An exciting exhibit, “Gullah/Geechee: An Enduring Culture,” will be hosted by Savannah State University (SSU) as a part of its Black History Month celebration. The exhibit, which explores African roots of Gullah/Geechee people and culture in the Georgia and South Carolina low-country, will be presented in SSU’s Adams Hall beginning on February 16th and ending on March 1st. The exhibit … Continue reading ““Gullah/Geechee: An Enduring Culture””
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12177
|
__label__cc
| 0.59495
| 0.40505
|
Band of Heroes 2nd Edition & Swift and Bold
Zhukov's War Forgotten Axis: The Finnish Front
LOCK N LOAD PUBLISHING
Theme: WW2 Pre-Owned Partly Punched
Excellent condition Part-punched copy and Includes Swift & Bold pack.
Band of Heroes 2nd Edition Ships With: Six lush, HALOLESS, MOUNTED geomorphic maps. 480+ beautiful counters, counters, representing the men and equipment from the 82nd, 101st, 17th SS Panzergrenadier, 6th Fallschirmjager, 91st Airlanding, and 352nd Infantry Divisions. 16 Skill Cards, providing Leaders and Heroes with special abilities. The 16 original Band of Heroes Scenarios. Lock 'n Load V3 RULES and Player's aid chart. Keep up with the latest changes in the Lock 'n Load game system. NEW, HALOLESS maps. NEW, Version 3 Lock 'n Load rules. Counters and errata corrected. Mark H. Walker's Lock 'n Load: Band of Heroes 2nd Edition is the reprint of the Lock 'n Load game that returned the award winning tactical combat system to the hedgerows of Normandy. Lock ‘n Load is the game system that features "more game and less guff." Don’t waste hours with convoluted rulebooks cobbled together in the name of realism. Dive right in and play with Lock ‘n Load’s rapid fire impulse system and immersive graphics. Although a squad-based game, single men also make a difference - Leaders, heroes, medics, and even chaplains inspire their men; leading them to feats of heroic bravery. Random events triggered during play add to the "you -are-there" feeling. Ambushes spring unannounced, squads panic in unforeseen circumstances, and unexpected air support saves the day. It’s all here, in a game that plays much like a good military adventure novel. A Charles S. Roberts award winner, International Gamers Awards Game of the Year, and voted by Game Magazine as one of the top five conflict simulations. Everyone is playing Lock ‘n Load. Shouldn’t you be doing the same? Scenarios Include: Doggin' Down the Road: Meeting engagement between elements of the 101st Airborne and the German 709th Infantry. Roosevelt's Butchers: 2nd Armored Division attacks a mixed force of Fallschirmjagers and Panzergrenadiers. Carentan: Easy Company marches into Carentan. The Call of Duty: American glider troops fight the Fallschirmjager. Coming Through: Meeting engagement with innovative victory conditions and never-ending reinforcements. And 11 More, Including Brothers in Arms, Alamo, the Bridge at Chef du Pont, Medal of Honor, Le Manoir, Flash...Thunder,The Road to Foucarville, Tameville Breakout, Ewell's Charge, Rebecca- Can You See Me, and Counterattack at St. Mere Eglise.
Swift and Bold expands the forces, battles, and options available in Lock ‘n Load: Band of Heroes with the addition of the British paratroopers. The expansion includes twelve new scenarios
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12180
|
__label__wiki
| 0.560335
| 0.560335
|
Board index Other stuff General Chat
It is currently Wed 22 Jan, 2020 11:24 am
Former West Yorks Police Officer's collar numbers
bgams
Joined: Sat 27 Dec, 2014 11:18 am
Re: Former West Yorks Police Officer's collar numbers
Postby bgams » Wed 31 Dec, 2014 8:52 pm
Very nice guy David Maury. I think we may have worked together in some CID office, very likeable , go ahead sort of guy. Don't know when I last saw him; may have been at a funeral but certainly some time ago. You have talked about collar numbers in previous threads and as I recall Dave's number was 248 or something similar. As you know In the late 60's Leeds was such a small force that many officers were known by their collar number particularly when they had a common name.
Ap pro po another thread on this site relating to the 'Salam Hall' near Tetly's Brewery, Leeds. Can you recall whether or not that was the building where the Leeds City Police Promotion exams took place. If not it was somewhere in that area because some guys only attended so they could take a day off and the highlight of the day was lunch at the Crown Pub which was run by a very friendly Irish landlord and his son. If my memory serves me right the Crown was NOT a Tetly house. Is the Crown still there?
wbg
iansmithofotley
Postby iansmithofotley » Wed 31 Dec, 2014 11:23 pm
I thought that you might have known Jim Parrott as his collar number was 891 and he probably joined the Leeds City Police about the same time as you (he joined in September 1967), unless one of your numbers was re-issued. He died in 1994.
The shooting you referred to may have been when Inspector Barry Taylor (West Yorkshire Police – ex West Riding) got shot and killed at Pudsey in 1970. I was a D.C. in the Leeds Crime Squad at the time and worked on the murder as a chauffeur/helper for Dennis Hoban. I went to many of the daily briefings. I have posted about this previously on Secret Leeds:
http://www.secretleeds.com/viewtopic.ph ... 6&start=10
Dick Ellis retired as a sergeant and died in 2010. Ian Herbert (Mick) Mills retired as an inspector and died in 2009. Dick was my first sergeant at Upper Wortley PS when I joined in 1965. I moved into C.I.D. at Ireland Wood PS in 1967 and Mick Mills and I shared the same desk. Our D.S. was David Harry Clarkson. David ended up as a Ch. Supt. and he was in charge of Holbeck Division when I was an inspector there in 1988. I understand that David has been quite ill recently and has returned to live in the Leeds area.
As far as I am aware, the others are all still with us. Mick Grubb retired as a D.C.I. and still lives at Horsforth. I have posted about Mick previously:
John Cowman worked in the same C.I.D. office as Mick Mills and I in 1967. I seem to remember that John worked as a D.I. in Detective Training at Bishopgarth, Wakefield. I have lost track of him nowadays. His brother Walter, who you will know, was a Det. Supt. in W.Y.P. but then transferred to Lincolnshire Police where he was in charge of the C.I.D. as either a Det. Ch. Supt. or A.C.C.
Ian (Tatty) Grant and I were uniform sergeants on the same team at Dewsbury Road PS in 1972/73. We were both detective sergeants, together, in the Burglary Squad in 1975/76 when we worked in the building immediately next to Upper Wortley P.S. In later years, Ian obtained a law degree and worked as a D.I. in Detective Training at Bishopgarth, alongside John Cowman. I spent my last five years of service at Bishopgarth, at the same time as Ian, but in a different training role. Again, I have lost touch with Ian but I believe that he still lives in Leeds. After retirement, he worked at the Police National Legal Database Unit at Bishopgarth as a civilian.
Regarding you last post, Dave’s collar number was 225. I can still remember many of the collar numbers. The thing was that in the 1960’s, before Unit Beat Policing became the ‘flavour of the month’ around 1968, we all operated on a VHF radio system. Officers on foot patrol in all divisions, and particularly at Millgarth P.S., had no radios whatsoever but made half hourly ‘points’ at predetermined places such as telephone boxes (each beat had its own ‘points’ and times). The VHF radios were in Police cars and vans but also on the Velocette ‘noddy bikes’. In those days, nearly everyone outside of the City Centre rode ‘noddy bikes’ (with Vespa or Lambretta motor scooters for the policewomen who did not work on divisional shifts on nights – only at Brotherton House Policewomen’s Department). Millgarth P.S. just had two or three ‘noddy bikes’ – everyone else was on foot. Listening to the same VHF radio channel for the whole of Leeds for eight hours a day made you aware of everyone’s collar numbers as your collar number was your call sign. We all worked the same four shift system on the same teams at each police station so we knew the numbers of everyone throughout the city. We also got to know the city, and various parts of it, in areas where we had never worked just from listening to the radio. I rode a ‘noddy bike’ for my first two years.
If you remember, we also had a code for various types of incident e.g. X106 traffic accident, X109 sudden death, etc., etc. We also had a code XX99 which was for a police officer in difficulty (usually a big fight). I can remember going to many of these calls in other divisions, and particularly in the city centre, and everybody went from every division. I can remember going to a call at the Corn Exchange and there were forty ‘noddy bikes’ turned up from everywhere in the city. Apart from wishing to help colleagues, you never knew whether or not it would be ‘you’ that might need help next. In those days, morale was always very high and the camaraderie was great.
Unit Beat Policing, in about 1968, changed everything. Panda Cars were introduced instead of ‘noddy bikes’ and although the Control Room at Brotherton House was still maintained on VHF, all the Police Stations got UHF personal radios for every officer working and Radio Rooms were set up in each Police Station. Because of this, officers could only hear what was going on in their own division as each division had its own frequency, which changed everything, as they did not know what was happening in other parts of the city.
Regarding Salem Hall at Hunslet. In the 1960’s, in order to get promoted you, first, had to pass two examinations (they used to call them ‘classes’). The first one was an Educational Examination (I think - maths, english, geography, general knowledge, etc.). I think you had to gain about 60% to pass to sergeant and about 75% to pass to inspector (same paper in same examination). In order to qualify for promotion, it was also necessary to pass the Police Promotion Exams (law and procedure based), which were separate. You had to pass the sergeant’s exam before you could take the inspector’s exam. Even if you passed all of the exams, there was no guarantee of promotion. I took all of my exams at Salem Hall. I was lucky enough to pass the Educational Exam first time in 1967 with a pass of over 75% - so I qualified to inspector. As a detective constable, I passed the sergeants exam around 1969 and my inspectors exam around 1971 but I didn’t get promoted to sergeant until I left the Leeds Crime Squad in 1972.
I can remember some police officers (uniform and C.I.D.) who got promoted to sergeant, and were in that rank for many years, but could not get any further because they could not pass the Educational Examination, even though they had passed the Police Promotion Exam to inspector. It was funny because the Home Office abolished the Educational Exam around 1970 and, suddenly, some sergeants were promoted to inspector immediately and then rose through the ranks very rapidly and in a few years were superintendents and chief superintendents.
I can’t help you with the situation regarding the Crown Pub. I am sure that other members of Secret Leeds will be able to help. I rarely go into Leeds these days.
Finally, I always thought that it was very courageous of you to transfer to Northern Ireland. I seem to remember that you first went on secondment when the Home Office wanted staff there and then you returned to Leeds after your secondment was over, and then transferred to the R.U.C. permanently in 1979. As I have said, I thought that you were very brave bearing in mind the Birmingham Bombings and the Guildford Bombings in 1974 and then the Balcombe Street Siege in 1975. It must have been a big decision for you to make bearing in mind all the troubles in Northern Ireland at that time and for you to go there as an Englishman with a Leeds accent when you had a secure job as a detective in Leeds.
Leodian
Joined: Thu 10 Jun, 2010 8:03 am
Postby Leodian » Thu 01 Jan, 2015 12:27 am
That's fascinating reading Ian (I hope you don't mine me using Ian rather than your full member name).
I particularly like threads like this one for the information they bring up, such as Police Officer collar numbers that I would never have thought about.
A rainbow is a ribbon that Nature puts on when she washes her hair.
tyke bhoy
Joined: Wed 21 Feb, 2007 4:48 am
Location: Leeds/Wakefield
Contact tyke bhoy
Google+ Skype Twitter
Postby tyke bhoy » Thu 01 Jan, 2015 1:21 pm
If you are talking about the Crown on Crown Point Road then the building is still there unless very recently demolished being one of the few buildings standing in what is substantially a brown field site. It is in a serious state of disrepair and at the age of 50 I have no memory of it ever been open.
From memory I have only ever been in Salem Hall once and that too was to take an exam although in my case the Civil Service entrance exam which I passed in what almost certainly was 1985. I passed the exam but didn't impress at interview.
Edit to add
2014 Streetview image of the Crown Hotel https://goo.gl/maps/PU6WB you can just see the "zig-zag" roof of the now open but then under construction new building for Leeds College of Building on the far side of the "brown field" on Black Bull Street at the Hunslet Low Road end
living a stones throw from the Leeds MDC border at Lofthousehttp://tykebhoy.wordpress.com/
tomq
Joined: Thu 25 Feb, 2010 8:30 am
Postby tomq » Thu 01 Jan, 2015 3:31 pm
I think the landlord of the Crown at that time was Irish and called Killgallon but cannot remember his first name.
ivanloxley
Joined: Fri 07 Nov, 2014 10:36 pm
Postby ivanloxley » Thu 01 Jan, 2015 3:57 pm
Many thanks for your replies.
I was successful in the recruitment into WYP in 1999 and managed to parade in front of my grandfather (David Noble) at ST James's prior to his death.
When i joined i worked with Dave Smith (DC 23)he unfortunately died soon after completing 40 years in the Job he worked at Wortley with my Grandfather but did not know why he was called ' black sam' .My grandfather did however call all the men in our family Sam and all the male children boy - this was probobly from his service as a SGT Major with the coldstream guards. He retired in September 76 and got the QPM In 75 i am fortunate enough to have his medal, crowns and whistle.Ive worked across Bradford,Leeds and Wakefield.
My family had a strong connection in Wortley/Farnley - my mother an Identical twin ran the grocers on cow close road Wortley until 78 with her sister and mother Joan Noble. Joan who was formally a Wrigglesworth had a large family, her brother harold ran the nurseries off Butt Lane.
I still have family living in that area of Leeds and it is always interesting to hear from people who have first hand memories.
j.c.d.
Joined: Mon 27 Jan, 2014 4:54 pm
Postby j.c.d. » Thu 01 Jan, 2015 4:35 pm
In the 70s I lived in Beeston and one of my neighbours ( a Bobby) had a desk job and had very grey hair, I can't for the life of me remember his name but some of the lads from Dewsbury Rd. nick used to call in the Conservative club just higher up the road for a couple. they used to joke about this guy that he was frightened to go out after dark. Some lads from there sometimes came over to the Beech pub on Tong Road for a couple of pints which caused a bit of consternation among the "Likely Lads" in the Tap room. Happy days.
Postby bgams » Sun 04 Jan, 2015 9:18 pm
I,
Just tried to send a comprehensive reply to your most recent entry but for some reason it didn't go. I am a technophobe so do not think I was being rude not responding. When I think about it somebody somewhere may have been telling me what I already knew. Rambling will reply in full very soon as I find your material meat and drink to an old buffer like me. Question; Why were 'noddies' called 'noddies' and answer; I do think that the landlord at the Crown was called Pat Killgallon and I do believe he was one of the famous Killgallons.
TABBYCAT
Joined: Mon 02 Apr, 2007 6:55 pm
Postby TABBYCAT » Mon 05 Jan, 2015 1:39 pm
bgams wrote: I,
Why were they called noddies?
A quote from Wikipedia might have the answer.
"The Velocette LE was a motorcycle made by Velocette from 1948 to 1970. The designation LE stood for "little engine".[1] Used by over fifty British Police forces, the police riders became known as "Noddies" because they were required to nod to senior officers, and the LE was nicknamed "the Noddy Bike".[2] Production ended in 1970 when the company ran into financial problems and went into voluntary liquidation.[1]..."
Postby bgams » Mon 05 Jan, 2015 8:51 pm
TCT,
That reason was always my understanding. Also what added to that respectful 'nod' was the upright posture that the sit up and beg frame configuration demanded from the rider. A special gannex 'waterproof' was provided to riders of the Velocet which had all sorts of flaps and zips. The thing was as it got wetter and wetter it became heavier and heavier. The Velocet was water cooled and it spilled out oil very easily which made keeping one boot clean very difficult particularly as the gear change was operated by foot. The machine also had a very large battery pack at the back which was nearly like a pillion seat!
Return to “General Chat”
↳ Public houses
↳ Buildings and structures
↳ Clocks
↳ Signs and symbols
↳ Underground streets, tunnels, culverts
↳ The oldest ... in Leeds
↳ Ghosts and goblins
↳ Names
↳ Parks, fields and woods
↳ Family History
↳ Nightlife
↳ Days out
↳ Forum content
↳ March 2007 - Leeds Town Hall
↳ Competition - What & Where?
↳ April 2007 - The Hyde Park Picture House
↳ May 2007 - Holy Trinity Church
↳ May 2007 - Situation Leeds
↳ Competition - Gaslamps
↳ June 2007 - Tunnels Under City Station
↳ Pub Names & What They Mean
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12181
|
__label__wiki
| 0.993481
| 0.993481
|
Sequel Buzz.com
'The Expendables 2' Will Need A Director
It seems that Sylvester Stallone will not be directing the sequel the smash hit the Expendables. Although, he will still have a starring role in the flick.
EXCLUSIVE: Fans of 'The Expendables" have been clamoring for a sequel since the final round of alter kocker gunfire went off last summer.
Now it looks like they'll get their wish-- but without Sylvester Stallone behind the camera.
The follow-up movie is a priority at producer Millennium Films, where it's being developed by Stallone, the creative force behind the original. But Stallone, who both starred in and directed the 2010 summer hit, isn't, at the moment, planning on helming the new movie. Instead, he's been meeting with directors to tackle the sequel, said a person who was briefed on the project but was not authorized to speak about it publicly.
The script for the new movie has been written by David Agosto and Ken Kaufman, the latter of whom counts the Clint Eastwood adventure "Space Cowboys" and family comedy "Curious George" among his credits, said the source. (Stallone co-wrote the script for the original with David Callaham.)
A spokeswoman for Millennium declined to comment.
Made essentially outside the studio system and distributed by Lionsgate, "The Expendables" became a $275-million global grosser on the strength of an action-hero ensemble cast that included Stallone, Jet Li, Jason Statham, Dolph Lundgren and Steve Austin. In the movie, a motley crew of action heroes gather to overthrow a South American despot. There's no word yet on the mission in the new movie.
Stallone has been talking about an "Expendables" sequel since before the first movie opened, telling 24 Frames last August that he "had an idea ready to go," and adding that he's "going to try to do something that's quite radical." He's subsequently said he'd like to dial in new characters and reduce the role of older characters.
Some of the casting speculation for a possible sequel has centered on Bruce Willis getting a larger role, fueled by Stallone's tweet last summer that he wanted the actor as a "super villain." But maybe more intriguing is the prospect of Arnold Schwarzenegger making an appearance: The former governor had a walk-on part in the first "Expendables." But he has a lot more time now that Sacramento has made him, well, you know.
Thanks to the LA Times for the story.
Sequel News
Copyright © 2020 Sequel Buzz
Sequel Buzz
Tweets by sequelbuzz
Sequel Buzz claims no ownership of exclusive news unless otherwise noted.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12186
|
__label__wiki
| 0.863266
| 0.863266
|
Regatta Committee
Race Sail Committee
Power Yacht Committee
Dinghy Division Committee
Club Timeline
Presidents and Commodores
Environment Management System
Reciprocal Yacht Clubs
Membership Specials
Ladies in the Bay
Elliott 7 Youth Training Project
Red Book & Course Sheets
Regattas/ Events
Consistency Results
End of Season Results
Dinghy Division
Sailing Squads
Team Racing Squad
Match Racing Squad
Youth Squad
Sailing Forms
Crew Available Form
Keelboat Sailing Courses
Dinghy Sailing Courses
Time Trialling
Recreational Skippers Ticket
Boat catering
Marina & Hardstand
Boating Forms
Crawley Marina
Fremantle Annexe
Book Wedding
Book Corporate Event
Home > Our Club > Our History > America’s Cup
The Club’s established history is based on a deep sense of tradition which was further enhanced by the winning of the 1983 Challenge for the America’s Cup. “It had organised many successful championships for international keelboat and dinghy classes, but could this club at the opposite side of the world from the New York Yacht Club, without a presence on the open water off Fremantle, where the event was to be sailed, conduct an America’s Cup?” (p11, Fisher & Ross, 1987) The answer was of course, yes.
The implication of the Bond Syndicate’s success dawned on the RPYC when they realised the complexity involved in organising a Defence. “The success of this longest and most intense regatta the world had ever seen depended heavily on volunteer helpers. RPYC had 300 Members rostered to help run the racing and media centre. On race days, up to 120 of them would be on water. The racing was well run with consistently high standard committee work that would not have been easy in the usually punishing wave pattern of Gage Roads” (p14, Fisher & Ross, 1987). The Perth metropolis became involved in the exciting atmosphere created by the Defence based in Fremantle.
Despite Dennis Conner’s Stars & Stripes 4-0 win, “the America’s Cup season in Fremantle will be etched for ever on the memories of all those privileged to be there. The great regatta organisation from RPYC, the hospitality of the people of the wonderfully refurbished, beautiful port city, the camaraderie of the competitors, the magnitude and quality of the spectacle of racing conducted in fresh winds under clear blue skies on clear blue water” (p17, Fisher & Ross, 1987). Each event, the ’83 Challenge, the ’86 World 12 Metre Championship and the ’87 Defence were significant Club achievements.
Australia II Team
William Baillieu
Colin Beashall
Ken Beashall
John Bertrand
Alan Bond (Deceased)
Rob Brown
Damian Fewster
John Fitzhardinge (Deceased)
Michael Fletcher
Lesleigh Green
Sir James Hardy
Stephen Harrison
Laurie Hayden
Warren Jones (Deceased)
Kenneth Judge
Phillip Judge
Ben Lexcen (deceased)
Cole (Skip) Lissiman
John Longley
Scott McAllister
Ken O’Brien
Michael Quilter
Glenn Read
David Rees
Brian Richardson
Newton Roberts (Deceased)
Tom Schnackenberg
Edward Silbereisen
Grant Simmer
Phillip Smidmore
Hugh Treharne
America’s Cup Replica
A full sized wooden replica of the America’s Cup is displayed in the Alan Bond Room at RPYC. Carved from Queensland Beechwood it took the Late Ben Flack of Sunnybank Brisbane QLD 800 hours to create. The “Cup” was kindly donated by his daughters, Mavis and Noela Flack of Brisbane.
Members are welcome to view the Cup – please contact us
150th America’s Cup Jubilee Regatta
On August 22nd 1851, at exactly 1000hrs, a gun fired by the Royal Yacht Squadron signalled the start of a race that would change the history of yachting. The low black schooner America’s overwhelming victory heralded the beginning of the modern age of yacht racing and her legacy, the America’s Cup, has become the world’s oldest and most famous sporting trophy.
The America’s Cup Jubilee Regatta celebrated the yachts, the champions and the characters of the ‘Auld Mug’ who have captured the hearts and minds of yachting enthusiasts the world over. Through a history of ever changing rules, controversy and intense competition, the determination and physical courage of those that compete for the America’s Cup remains as strong today as it was one hundred and fifty years ago.
In August 2001, Australia II was reunited with the original victorious crew to sail again in the America’s Cup 150th anniversary Jubilee Regatta in Cowes on the Isle of Wight, England. In more or less original condition, and with a volunteer crew – a few of whom had not sailed since 1983 – Australia II competed against some 37 other 12 metre yachts.
Against stiff competition, the nearly 20 year old Australia II came third overall in the Grand Prix Class for 12 metres, and second in the historic “Round the Island” re-enactment of the race 150 years ago. Presented with a special award from co-hosts of the Regatta, the Royal Yacht Squadron and New York Yacht Club, Australia II was given the honour of being named the yacht that had brought the greatest benefit to the sport of yachting by participating in the America’s Cup Jubilee Regatta.
Back at home in Fremantle, Australia II is safely ensconced as the centrepiece of the Fremantle Maritime Museum to be shared with all who love and admire her.
Royal Perth Yacht Club
Australia II Drive, Crawley Western Australia
E club@rpyc.com.au
51 Mews Road, Fremantle, Western Australia
E challenger@iinet.net.au
© Copyright Royal Perth Yacht Club 2020
Crafted and Perfected By Titan Digital
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12191
|
__label__cc
| 0.590334
| 0.409666
|
Rebecca L. Van Loon
Email: vanloon@scmv.com
Estate planning, including drafting wills, revocable trusts, advance health care directives, and financial powers of attorney
Gift and estate tax planning, including drafting irrevocable trusts, life insurance trusts, grantor retained annuity trusts, qualified personal residence trusts, qualified subchapter S trusts, and electing small business trusts
Charitable gift planning, including outright gifts, drafting charitable remainder trusts, charitable lead trusts, and testamentary private foundations
Property tax planning, including parent-child exclusion transfers, spousal transfers, and transfers of real property to or from an entity
Trust administration, including representing trustees during inter vivos trust administration and administration of a decedent’s revocable trust
Estate administration and probate proceedings, including representing executors and administrators during administration
Estate, gift, and generation skipping tax, including portability elections and estate and gift tax return preparation
Representation of trustees, executors, administrators, fiduciaries, and beneficiaries, including preparation of settlement agreements and modifications or terminations of irrevocable trusts
Ms. Van Loon is a shareholder with Seltzer Caplan McMahon Vitek. She is a Certified Specialist in Estate Planning, Trust & Probate Law by the State Bar of California Board of Legal Specialization. Her practice emphasizes estate planning, trust and probate administration, and taxation.
Ms. Van Loon received her Bachelor of Arts degree, cum laude from Gonzaga University in 2007. She earned her Juris Doctor, cum laude, from Willamette University College of Law in 2010 and her LL.M in Taxation, magna cum laude, from the University of San Diego School of Law in 2011. While in law school, Ms. Van Loon participated in the Trusts and Estates Legal Clinic and competed in the Jessup International moot court competition. While in college and law school, Ms. Van Loon also studied abroad in Spain, Italy, and Germany.
Employment Background
Prior to joining Seltzer Caplan McMahon Vitek, Ms. Van Loon was an associate at an estate and tax planning law firm in Carlsbad, California.
Professional Affiliations & Admissions
Certified Specialist-Estate Planning, Trust & Probate Law, State Bar of California Board of Legal Specialization (2017)
State Bar of California (Trusts & Estates Taxation Section)
San Diego County Bar Association (Trusts & Estates Taxation Section)
North County Bar Association
Lawyers Club of San Diego
Member, San Diego Blood Bank Financial Resource Development Committee (2012 - present)
University of San Diego Alumni Association (2011 – present)
Professional Awards & Honors
Top 40 Under 40 Award, SD Metro Magazine (2017)
2019 Super Lawyers Rising Star (Estate & Probate), Super Lawyers
Rebecca Van Loon Named Among San Diego’s Top 40 Under 40
2019 San Diego Super Lawyers & Rising Stars
SCMV’s Certified Legal Specialists
Seltzer Caplan McMahon Vitek Elects Two New Shareholders
Rebecca Van Loon Named One of San Diego’s 40 Under 40
Rebecca Van Loon Certified as Estate Planning, Trust & Probate Law Specialist
Portability Offers New Opportunities for Tax Savings in Estate Planning
Ms. Van Loon is an avid fan of the San Diego Symphony and enjoys running, golfing, traveling, and college basketball.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12195
|
__label__wiki
| 0.995218
| 0.995218
|
Toronto doc 'Our Last Tango' finds dance partners
By Melanie Goodfellow2015-09-12T11:00:00+01:00
EXCLUSIVE: Paris-based Wide House has sealed fresh deals on German Kral’s Our Last Tango ahead of its world premiere in Toronto.
The feature documentary has sold to Australia and New Zealand (Sharmill Films), Hungary (Vertigo Media), Bulgaria (iCinema) and Italy where it was acquired by publisher Feltrinelli for release on its Just Wanted label.
The film is set to hit screens in Germany (Alpenrepublik) and Japan (New Select Co) in early 2016. Other previously announced deals include Taiwan (Swallow Wings) and Greece (Rosebud).
Our Last Tango charts the tempestuous relationship between Argentine tango stars Maria Nieves Rego and Juan Carlos Copes.
Executive producers are Wim Wenders, Rodrigo Furth and Jakob Abrahamsson.
Now in their 80s, Rego and Copes met in their teens. In Our Last Tango, they recount their passionate, chaotic relationship to a group of young tango dancers and choreographers from Buenos Aires, who transform moments of their lives into dance performances.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12196
|
__label__wiki
| 0.963758
| 0.963758
|
The A.I. Age
Facebook says 50M user accounts affected by security breach
Originally published September 28, 2018 at 9:57 am Updated September 28, 2018 at 10:40 pm
Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg speaks in May in San Jose, Calif. Facebook says it recently discovered a security breach affecting nearly 50 million user accounts. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez, File)
Millions of Facebook users will have to log back into their accounts after the social network reset their security tokens. Hackers stole the tokens associated with 50 million user profiles, the company said.
MAE ANDERSON
NEW YORK (AP) — Facebook reported a major security breach in which 50 million user accounts were accessed by unknown attackers.
The attackers gained the ability to “seize control” of those user accounts, Facebook said, by stealing digital keys the company uses to keep users logged in. They could do so by exploiting three distinct bugs in Facebook’s code.
The company said it has fixed the bugs and logged out the 50 million breached users — plus another 40 million who were vulnerable to the attack — in order to reset those digital keys. Users don’t need to change their Facebook passwords, it said.
Facebook said it doesn’t know who was behind the attacks or where they’re based. In a call with reporters on Friday, CEO Mark Zuckerberg — whose own account was compromised — said that attackers would have had the ability to view private messages or post on someone’s account, but there’s no sign that they did.
How to protect your data
Data breaches keep happening. So why don’t you do something?
Your password has likely been stolen. Here’s what to do about it.
Your Wi-Fi security is probably weak — here’s how to fix it
Hands off my data! Part 1: A clickable guide to fixing the complicated privacy settings from Facebook, Google, Amazon, Microsoft and Apple.
Hands off my data! Part 2: A clickable guide to improving your privacy on your TV, cellphone plan, LinkIn and more.
“We do not yet know if any of the accounts were actually misused,” Zuckerberg said.
The hack is the latest setback for Facebook during a tumultuous year of security problems and privacy issues . So far, though, none of these issues have significantly shaken the confidence of the company’s 2 billion global users.
More on Personal Data
Under California's new privacy law, firms are disclosing too little data - or far too much
4 things to know about YouTube’s new children privacy practices
Beware of the smart device: Ways to stay private and safe
Data breach at Wyze Labs exposes information of 2.4 million customers of its home-security camera
Colleges are turning students' phones into surveillance machines
Pentagon warns military personnel against at-home DNA tests
This latest hack involved bugs in Facebook’s “View As” feature, which lets people see how their profiles appear to others. The attackers used that vulnerability to steal the digital keys, known as “access tokens,” from the accounts of people whose profiles were searched for using the “View As” feature. The attack then moved along from one user’s Facebook friend to another. Possession of those tokens would allow attackers to control those accounts.
One of the bugs was more than a year old and affected how the “View As” feature interacted with Facebook’s video uploading feature for posting “happy birthday” messages, said Guy Rosen, Facebook’s vice president of product management. But it wasn’t until mid-September that Facebook noticed an uptick in unusual activity, and not until this week that it learned of the attack, Rosen said.
“We haven’t yet been able to determine if there was specific targeting” of particular accounts, Rosen said in a call with reporters. “It does seem broad. And we don’t yet know who was behind these attacks and where they might be based.”
Neither passwords nor credit card data was stolen, Rosen said. He said the company has alerted the FBI and regulators in the United States and Europe.
Jake Williams, a security expert at Rendition Infosec, said he is concerned that the hack could have affected third party applications.
Williams noted that the company’s “Facebook Login” feature lets users log into other apps and websites with their Facebook credentials. “These access tokens that were stolen show when a user is logged into Facebook and that may be enough to access a user’s account on a third party site,” he said.
Facebook confirmed late Friday that third party apps, as well as its own Instagram app, could have been affected.
“The vulnerability was on Facebook, but these access tokens enabled someone to use the account as if they were the account-holder themselves,” Rosen said.
News broke early this year that a data analytics firm once employed by the Trump campaign, Cambridge Analytica, had improperly gained access to personal data from millions of user profiles. Then a congressional investigation found that agents from Russia and other countries have been posting fake political ads since at least 2016. In April, Zuckerberg appeared at a congressional hearing focused on Facebook’s privacy practices.
The Facebook bug is reminiscent of a much larger attack on Yahoo in which attackers compromised 3 billion accounts — enough for half of the world’s entire population. In the case of Yahoo, information stolen included names, email addresses, phone numbers, birthdates and security questions and answers. It was among a series of Yahoo hacks over several years.
U.S. prosecutors later blamed Russian agents for using the information they stole from Yahoo to spy on Russian journalists, U.S. and Russian government officials and employees of financial services and other private businesses.
In Facebook’s case, it may be too early to know how sophisticated the attackers were and if they were connected to a nation state, said Thomas Rid, a professor at the Johns Hopkins University. Rid said it could also be spammers or criminals.
“Nothing we’ve seen here is so sophisticated that it requires a state actor,” Rid said. “Fifty million random Facebook accounts are not interesting for any intelligence agency.”
Ed Mierzwinski, the senior director of consumer advocacy group U.S. PIRG, said the breach was “very troubling.”
“It’s yet another warning that Congress must not enact any national data security or data breach legislation that weakens current state privacy laws, pre-empts the rights of states to pass new laws that protect their consumers better, or denies their attorneys general rights to investigate violations of or enforce those laws,” he said in a statement.
Wedbush analyst Michael Pachter said “the most important point is that we found out from them,” meaning Facebook, as opposed to a third party.
“As a user, I want Facebook to proactively protect my data and let me know when it’s compromised,” he said.
An earlier version of this article incorrectly stated the day of Mark Zuckerberg’s call with reporters.
O’Brien reported from Providence, Rhode Island. Frank Bajak in Boston contributed to this report.
Matt O'Brien is a Washington Post columnist.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12199
|
__label__wiki
| 0.935151
| 0.935151
|
Senior EPA official steps down amid House ethics probe
June 26, 2019 at 8:49 am Updated June 26, 2019 at 9:55 pm
MICHAEL BIESECKER
WASHINGTON (AP) — A top Environment Protection Agency official who helped lead the Trump administration’s rollback of Obama-era restrictions of carbon emissions is resigning amid a congressional probe into whether he improperly aided former industry clients.
EPA Assistant Administrator Bill Wehrum is expected to depart at the end of June. EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler announced Wehrum’s resignation on Wednesday, thanking him for his service and friendship.
Ethics questions have dogged Wehrum since his 2017 nomination by President Donald Trump. He long represented the fossil fuels and chemical industries as a Washington lawyer. Narrowly confirmed by the Senate, Wehrum has helped lead EPA’s rollbacks of clean air and carbon emissions regulations that were opposed by his former private-sector clients.
The Democratic-controlled House Energy and Commerce Committee opened an investigation in April following media reports questioning Wehrum’s compliance with ethics rules barring political appointees from acting on issues involving their former employers for at least two years.
Documents obtained through a public records request by the Sierra Club showed Wehrum met with former clients and industry lawyers from his former firm without disclosing the contacts on his official calendar. He also gave a closed-door presentation last year to the Cooler Heads Coalition, a conservative pro-business group that seeks to raise doubts about mainstream climate science.
Committee Chairman Frank Pallone Jr. vowed to continue the investigations into Wehrum’s conduct.
“William Wehrum’s departure comes as welcome news for all those who value EPA’s mission of protecting public health and the environment,” said Pallone, a New Jersey Democrat. “While all of his proposed rules are dangerous, it’s unlikely that any of them will survive judicial review. EPA should use this opportunity to hit reset on its agenda and refocus on protecting the health and environment of the American people.”
Environmental groups cheered news of Wehrum’s resignation.
“Wehrum did more damage to the Clean Air Act than any other person in the last 40 years,” said Brett Hartl, government affairs director at the Center for Biological Diversity. “His legacy will be more premature deaths, more hospital visits and more asthma attacks to our most vulnerable citizens.”
Anne Idsal, EPA’s principal deputy assistant administrator, is to assume Wehrum’s responsibilities pending the nomination of a permanent successor.
Follow Associated Press investigative reporter Michael Biesecker at http://twitter.com/mbiesecker
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12200
|
__label__cc
| 0.62496
| 0.37504
|
Energy Medicine for Women Aligning Your Bodys Energies to Boost Your Health & Vitality
by Donna Eden
Condition: Standard
Used Trade Paperback
1 Burnside
Publisher Comments
The bestselling authors of Energy Medicine and Energy Medicine for Women present a complete program for using energy medicine to heal and strengthen romantic relationships.
A relationship begins with the meeting of two unique energies. This union of energies, though invisible, determines the way you communicate, fight, love, and want to be loved. In this groundbreaking book, the bestselling authors of Energy Medicine draw on the real-life experiences of couples who have attended their popular and#147;Energies of Loveand#8221; workshops, as well as their own experience as husband and wife, to show how an understanding of your energy system and that of your partner can help you build a more harmonious and loving bond.
We all have different ways of making sense of the world around us, but when faced with conflict, especially with those we care most about, we tend to revert to one of four and#147;Energetic Stress Stylesand#8221;:
- Visuals are extremely passionate and inspire others to care about the things they care about, but in moments of conflict, their take on the situation can overshadow what is actually occurring, undermining their ability to empathize with their partner.
- Kinesthetics are generous, compassionate, and accepting of other people, but their caring nature pulls them in too many directions. They try to meet othersand#8217; needs at the expense of their own, which can cause mounting resentment.
- Digitals are rational and principled and have a gift for quickly understanding complex situations, but they can become closed to othersand#8217; perspectives and feelings.
- Tonals have a gift for understanding others and their dilemmas, but during moments of conflict, their ability to read between the lines can morph into hearing what was never said, felt, or thought.
According to the authors, the strongest relationships are those in which the two parties feel that they are partners on a shared spiritual journey. By helping you better understand your own unique energy system, as well as that of your partner, you will be able to recognize your strengths as a couple-and#172;and avoid the pitfalls. The Energies of Love serves as a powerful resource for anyone who wishes to build a rich partnership while maintainingand#160; the spark that keeps a relationship exciting.
"Eden delivers an excellent, comprehensive guide to a unique combination of ancient Eastern and modern Western health-care techniques."
--PUBLISHERS WEEKLY
"This book is a gold mine of information for people practicing or teaching energy-based body work. After more than three decades of practicing and teaching energy healing, the author has plenty of tools to pass along. She does so very clearly, elaborating with personal stories and scientific research."
—Anna Jedrziewski, New Age Retailing
"Even the most hard-nosed doctor will admit that some people have a healing presence that makes us--and our immune systems--better than before. Donna Eden is one of those rare healers."
--Gloria Steinem
"It's time for minds to open and bodies to heal. Read, listen and explore your intimate ghealing abilities."
--Bernie Siegel, M.D., author of Love, Medicine and Miracles
"Donna Eden is one of the most joyous and effective pioneers in the rapidly expanding and vitally important frontier called energy medicine. This book, the classic in hands-on energy medicine, is an enormously practical guide that sings with compassion, integrity, and wisdom."
--Christiane Northrup
"Donan Eden's body-energy work is perhaps the most brilliant, comprehensive and effective system in the genre that I have ever seen."
--Jean Houston, The Possible Dream
"Donna Eden's wonderful book gives women a heartfelt and very useful guide to restoring their female health and balance through effective, energy-based therapies."
--Susan Lark, M.D.
Praise for Donna Eden:
"Donna Eden is one of the most joyous and effective pioneers in the rapidly expanding and vitally important frontier called energy medicine. This book, the classic in hands-on energy medicine, is an enormously practical guide that sings with compassion, integrity, and wisdom." and#8212;Christiane Northrup, M.D., New York Times-bestselling author of Women's Bodies, Women's Wisdom and The Wisdom of Menopause
"Donna Eden's body-energy work is perhaps the most brilliant, comprehensive, and effective system in the genre that I have ever seen."
and#8212;Jean Houston, Ph.D., author of The Possible Human
"Even the most hard-nosed doctor will admit that some people have a healing presence that makes usand#8212;and our immune systemsand#8212;better than before. Donna Eden is one of those rare healers."
and#8212;Gloria Steinem
and#8220;The Energies of Love heralds a revolution in our understanding of relationships. I believe it to be one of the most important books of our time.and#8221;
and#8212;from the foreword by Jean Houston, Ph.D.
"Donna Eden and David Feinstein empower readers with knowledge and techniques from ancient energy healing and spiritual practices that will forever change the way you understand relationship. These are revolutionary ideas! I highly recommend The Energies of Love."
and#8212;John Gray, Ph.D., author of Men Are From Mars, Women are from Venus
and#8220;The Energies of Love is a fresh, potent, practical approach to relationships. It addresses the vital topic of how to keep the energy of relationship positive and growing, a key to conscious evolution for both people and the planet.and#8221;
and#8212;Joan Borysenko, Ph.D., author of Minding the Body, Mending the Mind
and#8220;The Energies of Love is an inspiring application of energy concepts and techniques for illuminating and nurturing the love that all couples seek. Combining insights from science and clinical practice with a wide array of revealing stories and a toolbox of practical techniques, the authors demonstrate the power of energy methods for helping relationships thrive.and#8221;
and#8212;Eric Leskowitz, M.D., Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
"Donna Eden and David Feinstein explore the 'energy dimension' (what we call the 'Space Between') and provide wonderful practices for experimenting, understanding, and opening to the awareness of that shared space."
and#8212;Harville Hendrix, Ph.D., and Helen LaKelly Hunt, Ph.D., co-authors, Making Marriage Simple
and#8220;Plunge into The Energies of Love and let Donna Eden and David Feinstein reveal how love means going beyond the individual, local self to that nonlocal, infinite, boundless domain where true love actually resides. This is an important book for all those who want to take their relationship to the next level.and#8221;
and#8212;Larry Dossey, M.D., author of One Mind and Healing Words
and#8220;Is there anything new that can be said about love? Yes there is, and you can find it in this remarkable book. If this tattered world of ours is going to survive, it will be through the energies of love. Donna Eden and David Feinstein bring a fresh understanding to that timeless yet urgent pursuit.and#8221;
and#8212;Stanley Krippner, Ph.D., co-author of The Realms of Healing
and#160;
"If you want more love and joy in your life, you've found the road map! The Energies of Love provides potent tools and guidance to improve your relationships at the most fundamental, rapid, and enduring level."
and#8212;Ellen Eatough, The Soulful Sex Coach, Extatica.com
A women's guide to using energy medicine to promote and maintain optimal physical and mental well-being.
For more than three decades, Donna Eden has been teaching people to understand the body as an energy system, to recognize their aches and pains as signals of energy imbalance, and to reclaim their natural healing capabilities. In this long-awaited new book, Eden speaks directly to women, showing them how they can work with energy to tackle the specific health challenges they face.
Hormonal health is essential to a woman's well-being, and in this groundbreaking book Eden reveals that a woman can manage her hormones by managing her energies. In fact, energy medicine is effective in treating a host of health issues. From PMS to menopause, from high blood pressure to depression, it offers solutions to women's health issues that traditional medicine often fails to provide. In Energy Medicine for Women, Eden shows women how they can work with energy to strengthen their immune, circulatory, lymphatic, and respiratory systems to promote health, vitality, and inner peace. Blending a compassionate voice with a profound grasp of how the female body functions as an energy system, Eden presents what is sure to become a classic book on the subject of women's health.
Energy Medicine for Women was awarded the prestigious 2009 Nautilus Gold Award in the Health, Healing & Energy Medicine category.
In this long-awaited new book, Eden speaks directly to women, showing them how they can work with energy to tackle the specific health challenges they face.
The Little Book of Energy Medicineand#160;is a simple, easy-to-useand#160;andquot;pocket guideandquot; to one of the most powerful alternative health practices in existence today, from world-renowned healer Donna Eden. In this book, Eden draws on more than three decades of experience to offer readers a simple introduction to the core energy medicine exercises she recommends for feeling rejuvenated, happier, more alert, and less anxious.
Featuring a Five-Minute Daily Energy Routine for restoring the bodyandrsquo;s natural energy flow, in addition to information on specific energy medicine exercises that can help combat a host of health conditions from headaches and nausea to insomnia and the common cold, The Little Book of Energy Medicine is essential reading for anyone looking to improve general health and well-being.
In this groundbreaking book, Donna Eden and David Feinstein (authors of Energy Medicine and Energy Medicine for Women) draw on the real-life experiences of couplesand#160;who have attended their popular and#147;Energies of Loveand#8221; workshops, as well as their own relationship as husband and wife, to show how an understanding of your energy system and that of your partner can help you build a more harmonious and loving bond.
A relationship begins with the meeting of two very different energies. This union of energies determines the ways in which you communicate, fight, love, and want to be loved. You cannot make your partner think like you or want what you want. But Energies of Loveand#160;illustrates how these differences can be the foundation of a rich partnership and maintain the spark that keeps a relationship exciting.
Donna Eden is among the world's most sought, most joyous, and most authoritative spokespersons for energy medicine. Her abilities as a healer are legendary. She has taught some 50,000 people worldwide, both laypeople and professionals, how to understand the body as an energy system. Now you can study with her through her videos, DVDs, books, and other home study resources.
David Feinstein, Ph.D., is a clinical psychologist who serves as national director of the Energy Medicine Institute.
Donna Eden has been teaching people how to understand their body's energies for more than twenty-five years. She has treated more than ten thousand clients individually and has taught hundreds of classes throughout the world.
Gary Craig is the founder of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), the most widely used of all the techniques within the burgeoning new field of energy psychology.
PENGUIN PUTNAM TRADE
Illustration:
Dondi Dahlin
Donna Feinstein Eden
Foreword:
Donna Eden
Christiane (FRW) Northrup
Health and Medicine-Alternative
Women -- Health and hygiene.
More copies of this ISBN
New, Trade Paperback, $20.00
This title in other editions
Used, Book Club Paperback, $8.95
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12203
|
__label__cc
| 0.731613
| 0.268387
|
Gear: Optics
Swarovski Optik 80mm Spotting Scopes
Swarovski Optik has introduced four 80mm spotting scopes. The ATS/ATS HD (angled eyepiece) and STS/STS HD (straight eyepiece) spotting scopes are available with 20X, 30X, 45X, and 20-60X variable eyepieces. Swarovski lenses are precision made and provide razor-sharp, high contrast images with true natural color reproduction right up to the edge of the image even at the highest magnification. Patented Swarotop and Swarodur coatings reduce surface reflection. Eye relief is 17mm. An ergonomically positioned focusing ring with large grooves provides quick and precise focusing. The housing is corrosion-free, lightweight aluminum with a shock-absorbing casing made from easy-to-grip rubber. The length of the STS 80 is 13.1 inches; the length of the ATS 80 is 13.9 inches. The weight of the four scopes ranges from 45.1 to 47.6 ounces. The suggested retail price of the ATS 80 and STS 80 bodies is $1254.44; the suggested retail price of the ATS 80 HD and STS 80 HD bodies is $1721.11. The 20X and 30X fixed-power eyepieces list for $287.78; the 45X eyepiece is $365.56; the 20-60X zoom eyepiece costs $410.
For more information, contact Swarovski Optik North America, Dept. ST, 2 Slater Rd., Cranston, RI 02920; 800-426-3089; www.swarovskioptik.com.
Shooting Times Father's Day 2019 Gift Guide
Shooting Times editor Joel Hutchcroft provides a comprehensive list of ideal Father's Day...
Introducing the Smith & Wesson M&P Shield
Smith & Wesson has just announced its new Shield handgun. It's an addition to the
Review: Smith & Wesson Model 19 Classic Revolver
Joel J. Hutchcroft - March 08, 2019
The Smith & Wesson Model 19 is back in production after being on ice for almost two decades.
Remington Model 700 PCR Review
Sam Wolfenberger - April 15, 2019
The Remington Model 700 PCR is a long-range rig built for punching paper, ringing steel, and...
More Optics
The Sig Sauer BDX System
Joseph von Benedikt - December 28, 2018
SIG SAUER's new optics system pairs the 'smart' capabilities of the KILO BDX rangefinder and...
2018's New Optics
Joseph von Benedikt - October 15, 2018
The newest riflescopes, binoculars, and range-finders offer cutting-edge, feature-heavy...
Armorer's Handgun Sight Tool from Wheeler Engineering
Jake Edmonson - December 06, 2018
This brief report is on the Wheeler Engineering Armorer's Handgun Sight Tool that Edmonson...
See More Optics
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12213
|
__label__cc
| 0.522949
| 0.477051
|
Experimental Test Pilot
Experimental Test Pilot Salary in York, Pennsylvania
How much does an Experimental Test Pilot make in York, PA? The average Experimental Test Pilot salary in York, PA is $113,475 as of December 26, 2019, but the salary range typically falls between $103,837 and $125,075. Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education, certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. With more online, real-time compensation data than any other website, Salary.com helps you determine your exact pay target.
Search Experimental Test Pilot Jobs in York, PA
How to Become a Test Pilot
Salary range for an Experimental Test Pilot
View Average Salary for United States
Adjust Experimental Test Pilot Salary:
Select City in PA
Choose Similar Job
Pick Related Category
View Cost of Living in York, Pennsylvania
Get a Salary Increase
Analyze the market and your qualifications to negotiate your salary with confidence.
Search thousands of open positions to find your next opportunity.
Adjust Employee Salary
Individualize employee pay based on unique job requirements and personal qualifications.
Price My Industry Jobs
Get the latest market price for benchmark jobs and jobs in your industry.
Review the job openings and experience requirements for the Experimental Test Pilot job to confirm that it is the job you are seeking.
See user submitted job responsibilities for Experimental Test Pilot.
Search Experimental Test Pilot Job Openings
Job Openings for Experimental Test Pilot in York, PA
What does an Experimental Test Pilot do?
Experimental Test Pilot in Lincoln, AL
Assists in test and flight readiness review meetings.
Monitors assigned aircraft configuration for as related to upcoming tests.
Reviews and approves Flight Test Plans.
Require interaction, communication, and feedback with other departments including Engineering and flight operations.
Support other flight operations requirement to support customer deliveries and flight demonstrations.
Reserves the right to revise or change job duties and responsibilities as the need arises.
Prepare and submit FAA airworthiness forms for STC, major alterations and repair work.
Graduate of a recognized Test Pilot program (US Naval Test Pilot School (USNTPS), US Air Force Test Pilot School (USAFTPS), cole du Personnel Navigant d'Essais et de Rception (EPNER), Empire Test Pilot school or National Test Pilot School.
Test experience in one or more Airbus Helicopter aircraft models.
Provide input in the development of budgets (OPEX and CAPEX) to support flight test operations, training and procurement of associated hardware /software.
Submit Other Responsibilities
Not the job you're looking for? Search more salaries here:
Are you an HR manager or compensation specialist?
Salary.com's CompAnalyst platform offers:
Detailed skills and competency reports for specific positions
Job and employee pricing reports
Compensation data tools, salary structures, surveys and benchmarks.
About York, Pennsylvania
York (Pennsylvania German: Yarrick), known as the White Rose City (after the symbol of the House of York), is the county seat of York County, Pennsylvania, United States, located in the south-central region of the state. The population within York's city limits was 43,718 at the 2010 census, a 7.0% increase from the 2000 count of 40,862. When combined with the adjacent boroughs of West York and North York and surrounding Spring Garden, West Manchester, and Springettsbury townships, the population of Greater York was 108,386. York is the 11th largest city in Pennsylvania....
Source: Wikipedia (as of 04/11/2019). Read more from Wikipedia
Understand the total compensation opportunity for an Experimental Test Pilot, base salary plus other pay elements
Average Base Salary
Core compensation
Average Total Cash Compensation
Includes base and annual incentives
These charts show the average base salary (core compensation), as well as the average total cash compensation for the job of Experimental Test Pilot in York, PA. The base salary for Experimental Test Pilot ranges from $103,837 to $125,075 with the average base salary of $113,475. The total cash compensation, which includes base, and annual incentives, can vary anywhere from $107,638 to $133,455 with the average total cash compensation of $118,968.
Discover how your pay is adjusted for skills, experience, and other factors
How much should you be paid?
For a real-time salary target, tell us more about your role in the four categories below.
0 years 1 years 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years 12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 18 years
of relevant job experience
I have received
I have not earned a degreeHigh School Diploma or Tech CertificateAssociate's DegreeBachelor's DegreeMaster's Degree or MBAJD, MD, PhD or Equivalent
I report to a
SupervisorManagerDirectorSenior ManagementCEO / Board of DirectorsOther
I manage
0 1 - 5 6 - 10 11 - 25 26 - 100 100 +
About York, Pennsylvania York (Pennsylvania German: Yarrick), known as the White Rose City (after the symbol of the House of York), is the county seat of York County, Pennsylv....More
York, Pennsylvania area prices were up 1.5% from a year ago
Experimental Test Pilot Salary in popular cities: Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown
Learn more about: Compensation Packages, Employee Flight Risk, Gender Pay Gap, Job Openings for This Role
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12216
|
__label__cc
| 0.603728
| 0.396272
|
(S-O-T) 01782639827(N-U-L) 01782 621266
Litigation Solicitors
Inheritance Claims
Small Injury Claims
Social Work Negligence
Claims Involving Land & Buildings
Injuries From Defective Products
Injuries Received Through A Crime
Lifting & Handling Injuries at Work
Occupational Disease Claims
Tripping & Slipping Claims
Personal Injury FAQ's
Free Advice in Injury Claims
Salmons Solicitors, helping to make inheritance claims easier...
Do You Need an Inheritance Claim?
An inheritance claim arises where:
a person has been left out of a will entirely or
the gift under the will is not large enough or
the distribution of a deceased person’s estate under the rules applying where the deceased died without a valid will is such that the person is cut out entirely or the gift is not large enough
and is therefore not sufficient to meet that person’s reasonable needs.
From just £400+ VAT*
Professional, Helpful, & Expert Advice
A successful claim can result in the effective re-writing of the will or the imposition of an alternative outcome on the assets.
There often needs to be an element of financial dependency on the deceased prior to the deceased’s death.
There are quite strict time limits of six months in which to bring a claim but the time limit can be extended in appropriate cases.
It is also possible to challenge the way in which an executor administers an estate or bring a probate claim to the court seeking the assistance of the court in resolving a dispute which has arisen in the administration of a deceased person’s estate.
Understanding the Inheritance Act 1975
According to the Inheritance Act, 1975 enables a court to vary the distribution of the deceased’s estate for certain family members and dependants. With the exception of a surviving spouse, anyone else claiming under this Act is entitled to such reasonable financial provision as is necessary for their maintenance insofar as the estate can provide it.
A spouse or civil partner is entitled to such financial provision as is reasonable in all circumstances. ‘whether or not that provision is required for his or her maintenance’.
There is a time limit to bringing a claim for court proceedings which must be issued within six months of the date of the Grant of Probate. It’s important to act quickly and take legal advice from our team of Solicitors if you think you have a claim.
For all applicants (except for spouses and civil partners) reasonable financial provision is defined as being ‘such financial provision as it would be reasonable in all the circumstances of the case for the applicant to receive for his maintenance. For spouses and civil partners, financial provision is not limited to what is required for maintenance.
A claim under the Inheritance Act 1975 is subject to the same costs regime that applies to the adversarial litigation. Ultimately the court decides which party should pay the costs and although it is common for the costs to be recovered out of the estate although this isn’t guaranteed. Anyone bringing an inheritance claim (according to the 1975 act) needs to consider what would happen if their claim failed and the estate didn’t meet their costs.
How to defend against an Inheritance Act claim
As a beneficiary your priority will often be to secure as much of the estate is preserved as possible and protect the interest in the estate. If you are an executor you often have a duty to remain neutral as well as comply to strict procedural requirements.
Got an Inheritance Claim? Get in Touch!
If you think you’ve got grounds for an inheritance claim, please get in touch with Salmons Solicitors.
Enquire about our services...
Service required? General Enquiry Social-Work Negligence Conveyancing Employment Personal Injury Wills and Probate Housing Professional Negligence Inheritance Claims Small Injury Claims Divorce and Seperation
I agree to the the privacy policy.
We are committed to preserving your privacy, view our privacy policy.
Salmons Solicitors
Salmons Solicitors:
Past Clients / Privacy Notice
Privacy Notice / Terms
Data Protection Rights Form
Newcastle-under-lyme Office:
20 to 22 High Street
May Bank
Newcastle under Lyme
ST5 0JB
Stoke-on-Trent Office:
336 Hartshill Rd
ST4 7NX
Copyright © 2018 Salmons Solicitors. All Rights Reserved.
Salmons Solicitors Ltd, ( company no. 7639783), a company of solicitors practising in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. We are authorised and regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority under the Solicitors Code of Conduct 2011. SRA No. 555057. The Code of Conduct 2011 can be found on the website of the Solicitors Regulation Authority at Code of Conduct 2011.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12217
|
__label__wiki
| 0.74626
| 0.74626
|
HOME > Global
Democrat report makes forceful impeachment case against Trump
SAMAA | AFP - Posted: Dec 4, 2019 | Last Updated: 2 months ago
SAMAA | AFP
US Democrats presented a forceful case for impeaching and removing President Donald Trump from office Tuesday in a report detailing “overwhelming evidence” of misconduct in office and obstruction.
Immediately dismissed by the White House as the product of a “one-sided sham process,” the House Intelligence Committee report accused Trump of subverting national security as he pressured Ukraine for dirt on a Democratic election rival.
Behind closed doors late Tuesday, the Democratic-led panel voted 13 to 9, along strict party lines as expected, to officially adopt and issue the report to the House Judiciary Committee, which is tasked with drafting articles of impeachment against the president.
The 300-page document, meant to serve as the basis for the charges against Trump, also mapped out in detail what it called an unparalleled effort of obstruction, including witness intimidation, to stifle the investigation into Trump’s Ukraine scheme.
“The president placed his personal political interests above the national interests of the United States, sought to undermine the integrity of the US presidential election process, and endangered US national security,” said the final report on the Intelligence Committee’s investigation.
“President Trump and his senior officials may see nothing wrong with using the power of the office of the president to pressure a foreign country to help the president’s reelection campaign,” it said.
“However, the Founding Fathers prescribed a remedy for a chief executive who places his personal interests above those of the country: impeachment.”
‘The president’s dirty work’
The report, the product of a rapid-fire probe sparked by a whistleblower’s complaint in August, mapped out a months-long scheme by Trump, his personal lawyer Rudy Giuliani and senior diplomats to pressure Ukraine’s president into investigating Joe Biden, the current favorite to win the Democratic 2020 White House nomination.
Trump also pressured President Volodymyr Zelensky to investigate a “conspiracy theory” that it was Ukraine, and not Russia, that interfered in the 2016 US election, to benefit the Democrats.
In both cases, the report said, Trump conditioned nearly $400 million in US military aid and a high-profile summit with Zelensky on Kiev opening the investigations.
Democrat Adam Schiff, the head of the House Intelligence Committee, said the White House demands left Ukraine, which is under constant threat from Russia-backed rebels, vulnerable as Trump sought help for his 2020 reelection.
“This report chronicles a scheme by the president of the United States to coerce an ally, Ukraine, that is at war with an adversary, Russia, into doing the president’s dirty work,” he told reporters.
‘Ramblings of a basement blogger’
Secondly, the report said, Trump actively sought to obstruct the congressional probe, refusing to provide documents to investigators, preventing witnesses from appearing, and threatening some of those who did appear.
“Donald Trump is the first president in the history of the United States to seek to completely obstruct an impeachment inquiry undertaken by the House of Representatives,” it said.
“President Trump’s ongoing effort to thwart Congress’ impeachment power risks doing grave harm to the institution of Congress.”
In London for a NATO summit, Trump again accused the Democrats of playing a political game.
“The impeachment is a hoax. It’s turned out to be a hoax. It’s done for purely political gain,” he said.
His spokeswoman Stephanie Grisham doubled down in dismissing both the report and Schiff’s investigation.
“At the end of a one-sided sham process, Chairman Schiff and the Democrats utterly failed to produce any evidence of wrongdoing by President Trump,” she said in a statement.
The report “reads like the ramblings of a basement blogger straining to prove something when there is evidence of nothing.”
Impeachment before Christmas?
The report is expected to form the basis for the Judiciary Committee to draw up formal charges, or articles of impeachment, in the coming weeks.
If, as expected, the articles are passed by the Democratic-led House, the case will go to the Republican-controlled Senate for trial in January.
The Judiciary panel, which begins meeting Wednesday, has set no formal timeframe.
But Democrats aim to hold a full House impeachment vote before the body goes on break for Christmas, December 25.
Schiff said that while the Judiciary Committee meets, his panel could continue investigating other angles of the Ukraine scheme, including whether Trump actually began much earlier to pressure Zelensky’s predecessor Petro Poroshenko for the investigations, and whether some members of Congress were involved.
But he stressed the need to move quickly, accusing Trump of seeking election help not only from Ukraine but Russia and China.
“There is I think grave risk to the country with waiting until we have every last fact when we already know enough about the president’s misconduct to make a responsible judgement,” Schiff said.
Donald Trump usa
President Trump offers to mediate between Pakistan and India
Senior US diplomat Alice Wells to reach Islamabad today
Taliban aim to sign deal with US by Jan end
Donald Trump, USA, impeachment, trump impeachment, democrats
More than 80 soldiers killed in Yemen missile, drone attack
Prince Harry and Meghan to give up royal titles
Russian government resigns: news agencies
Microsoft CEO critical of new India citizenship law
Iranian lawmaker offers $3m 'to anyone who kills Trump': report
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12218
|
__label__wiki
| 0.984403
| 0.984403
|
‘Assassin’ claims to have been in contact with Farooq Sattar
SAMAA | S. Shahnawaz Ali and Syed Khursheed Alam - Posted: Nov 20, 2019 | Last Updated: 2 months ago
SAMAA | S. Shahnawaz Ali and Syed Khursheed Alam
Posted: Nov 20, 2019 | Last Updated: 2 months ago
A suspected target killer in Karachi police custody claims to have been in contact with former MQM leader Dr Farooq Sattar.
Yousaf alias Thelay Wala made this and other startling revelations to the police during interrogation. The police announced the details of the interrogation during a press conference on Wednesday.
He claimed that he was in contact with Sattar and used to meet him at former MQM headquarters Nine Zero. I used to kill people on the orders of the party’s leadership, he also claimed.
Yousaf said he met Sattar through MQM sector incharge Khalid Siddiqui and Nadeem Marble. Sattar used to make arrangements for me to stay at Nine Zero, he claimed.
He also told the police that he used to transport the bodies of his victims to burial sites on a thela (cart). I also worked at a private security company, he claimed.
Sattar has denied Yousaf’s claims and said he was never Nine Zero’s caretaker. Amir Khan and Anis Qaimkhani were incharge, he said. Khan is still with the MQM but Qaimkhani left the party and is now with the PSP.
farooq sattar target killing
Motorcyclists kill PTI office bearer near Karachi’s Aisha Manzil
Ahmer Rehman
Sattar blames Sindh govt, KMC for Karachi’s deplorable state
‘Ready to sit with Mustafa Kamal, Khalid Maqbool for Karachi’
Farooq Sattar, Target killing, mqm, karachi, politics, murder, nine zero, dr farooq sattar
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12219
|
__label__wiki
| 0.610645
| 0.610645
|
Dole drug tests 'demonise the needy'
September 7, 2019 — 12.00am
Illustration: Alan Moir Credit:
Again, the government targets the most vulnerable in its attempt to revive its plan to drug-test welfare recipients (''Government's new push for dole drug tests'', September 6).
I would support such a plan if it were also applied to the captains of industry. What drives this government's mean spiritedness on so many levels? - Meg Pickup, Ballina
We know our present government dwells in a land of faith and fantasy, but expecting their drug testing for income support proposal to have a happy ending marks an ever more egregious descent into delusion.
How many people do they want to be living on the street and breaking into homes in order to eat? And don’t bother sending the “second timers” to doctors like me for those non-existent “treatment options”. It makes one wonder what the government is on. - Jennifer Briggs, Kilaben Bay
Again, the LNP attempts to demonise the most needy. No proposal to properly fund rehabilitation treatment and mental health care, both woefully inadequate with lengthy waiting lists.
Has it ever occurred to these judgmental politicians, who almost without exception grew up with wealth from family and jobs from mates, that perhaps people attempt to self-medicate because of the misery those same politicians inflict upon them? Maybe creating real jobs for our youth, paying people properly, and addressing domestic violence and homelessness might give hope for their future instead of wishing it would all go away. No; they introduce tax cuts for those who need it least, while further humiliating the victims. - Eva Elbourne, Normanhurst
Awaiting the announcement of extra funding for rehab centres, drug counselling, hospital services and regional increases in all of the above. - Lee-Ann Groblicka , Turramurra
The Morrison government has taxpayer money to squander on drug testing for Newstart recipients but none to raise their paltry allowance. Will those found to have drugs in their system be accommodated at government expense in a drug rehabilitation centre or perhaps just stripped of their allowance and further impoverished? What a sanctimonious government. - Sue Martin, Clareville
Politicians are right to consider drug testing recipients of taxpayer funds, but their top priority should be to test those whose actions have the largest consequence: politicians themselves. - Marshall Wilkinson, Blackheath
PM should listen to Rudd's ideas on China
PM Scott Morrison could learn a lot from Kevin Rudd’s realistic suggestions for our relationship with China (“Stop this ‘reds under the beds’ hysteria, our future depends on it”, September 6).
Morrison seems torn between an urge to frighten Australian voters with a new yellow peril and a realisation that our economic wellbeing depends on continuing trade with China. Rudd says we need to be as clear as possible about the US’s China strategy, but this raises the problem that the US doesn’t seem to have a cohesive strategy.
The US administration has declared the end of “strategic engagement” with China and the beginning of “strategic competition”. With the divisions and confusion regularly displayed by the Trump White House, what this means for Australia is anybody’s guess.
Rudd opts for “constructive realism” with China, recognising areas where we will disagree, such as human rights and aspects of foreign interference. - James Moore, Kogarah
Rudd seems to suggest that Australia should turn a blind eye to China’s military expansion in the South China Sea and its construction of massive forced-labour concentration camps to house its Uighur Muslims. In effect, Rudd is saying that Morrison should do a Neville Chamberlain by waving a piece of paper and declaring “Peace for all time.” - John Lewis, Port Macquarie
We cannot let journalists frame our China policy. While welcoming David Crowe’s independent advice it is informed by his bias (''Our close shave with China'', September 6).
Journalists’ bias is why a ''reds under the beds'' hysteria is replacing the national China strategy that
Rudd correctly says ''our future depends on''. - Reg Wilding, Wollongong
League needs a local voice
I cringed 30 years ago when Tina Turner was made the voice of rugby league (''Simply the best: 30 years on, NRL bid to reprise Turner role'', September 6). Now I read that she is back.
Surely we have at least one Australian who has the talent to undertake that role. I am sure the Americans would never have an Australian be the voice of any of their major sports. - Michael Walsh, Ashfield
Your correspondent makes an excellent point, league scrums have become a complete waste of time (Letters, September 5).
Forwards no longer have to pack the scrum because it just amounts to 12 men standing around looking bored. - Bruce Hulbert, Lilyfield
Reading the letters' page was a revelation (Letters, September 6). Apparently thugby league has rules. Who would have thought it. - John Grinter, Katoomba
Lots of letters on rugby league. Come on! What about the sighting, by members of the Illawarra Bird Observers, of the elusive Gilbert's Whistler in the SA Mallee last week. Wonderful. - Robyn Cashman, Fernhill
Rules, what rules?
Could it now be true to say that Britannia waives the rules ('''I'd rather be dead in a ditch than delay Brexit', says Boris Johnson'', September 6)? - Les Walsh, Nambucca Heads
Another fail on school funding
Business as usual - publicly-funded private schools can build swimming pools, sports centres, lecture theatres, and libraries that look like castles, but the government schools have to wait years for air conditioning which was promised during the last state election campaign (''Schools sweat on new air conditioning'', September 6).
And have you seen how many public schools had to apply to the recent My Community Project for funding for even basic facilities, most of them unsuccessfully?
The state government claims it is providing record levels of education funding but, as usual, most of it is going to the wrong places. - Rob Phillips, North Epping
Bullying teachers
When the talk turns to bullying, it usually focuses on a school’s students (''Abuse and tyranny: how toxic leaders damage students'', September 6). Sadly, the bullies have great role models in their teachers, especially as they rise in promotion levels. I have seen excellent teachers succumb to depression because of the people who are supposed to be their leaders. Yes, bullies are everywhere, in every walk of life, but to me as a teacher, retired now, they are most dangerous in the profession that is showing impressionable children their way in life. - Deirdree Wallwork, Beecroft
Head in the sand
By continuing to rule out a needle exchange programme for NSW prisoners despite ongoing reports of reinfections with HepC, our corrective services commissioner shows a head in the sand approach (''One third of prisoners infected with HepC'', September 6). Combined with a formidable lack of support for rehabilitation programs for prisoners leaving gaol which almost guarantees recidivism, his leadership verges on the archaic. “Them and us” seems to be the state of play. - Judy Finch, Cedar Party
Scalpels out
Personally, if I were Dr Charlie Teo’s patient in the operating theatre, what he says, who he’s mixed with in the past, even what he's worn (however little) on occasions, would be the least of my concerns (Letters, September 6). - Edward Loong, Milsons Point
Thank you for exposing a sad chapter in Australia healthcare. Teo was created in part by the media and exposed by the media. The real culprit is our profession – still incapable of calling out bad behaviour and not putting patients first (''Teo rejects claims of improper behaviour'', September 6).
Surgery and healthcare is not just about technique – it is about being a decent human being and making tough decisions about patients, for patients and with patients and not handing down false hope.
Hopefully we can all be better cared for if we can have these open conversations but the profession and its governing bodies such as the Australian Health Practitioner Registration Authority needs to step up and call out bad behaviours when we see them . - Professor Peter Brooks, Centre for Health Policy, University of Melbourne
Refugee reality
"I was thinking of flying to Australia, then claiming asylum at the airport. But it seems so much easier to pay $10,000 to a people smuggler, risk my life on a boat, have a child, then trust Dutton to be a compassionate man," said no refugee ever (''What's next for the Tamil family fighting to stay in Australia?'', September 6). - Shayne Chester, Potts Point
Passengers derailed
For too long, passengers travelling by XPT from Sydney to Brisbane and return, have had to deal with delays and cancellations by Sydney Rail, resulting in long and tedious bus journeys (''Cracked rail pins 'serious safety issue''', September 6).
Having endured two such bus journeys which resulted in lengthy delays due to road works, drivers not knowing where they're going (asked the passengers where the railway station in Ballina was - there's not one), insufficient food and toilet breaks, I have vowed never to book on the XPT again.
Many of those who travel by train use Centrelink vouchers and cannot afford to fly or are too old to drive. It seems that the NSW government treat these rail passengers as second class citizens due to circumstance. - Christine Tiley, Nana Glen
Lack of spirit
I hope the English fans keep on booing Smith (''Root finally snaps over Leach's unforgivable Smith reprieve'', September 6). It is clearly encouraging him on to previously unimaginable heights while showing them up as people who don't understand the laws that govern the spirit of cricket. - Tom Key, West Pymble
5G fears remain
Telstra showed the Communications Minister Paul Fletcher “scientific evidence that there were no major health concerns when it comes to 5G” (''Government to back Telstra on 5G safety'', September 6). And now Mr Fletcher wants the government’s Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency to be more assertive in letting the public know the technology is safe.
This should be interesting. To allay community fears, just who in ARPANSA is the best person to answer very valid questions about 5G? - Anne Wagstaff, Oatley
That's capital
To all of those bemoaning the current state of our economy - it’s capitalism, darlings (Letters, September 6). - Patti Skenridge, Potts Point
Now that the Mutawintji Reserve in NSW has been expanded to 125,000 hectares, are any plans to re-introduce the Indigenous farming and land management techniques that existed before the arrival of Europeans (Letters, September 6)?
Staples such as native grains and tubers would seem to be a natural inclusion. There may also be an opportunity to grow and supply Indigenous foods, herbs and spices to restaurants and wholesalers in Australia and perhaps around the world.
Australia is often accused of not having its own cuisine and here is an opportunity to redress that and provide employment and profits to Indigenous people and Australia. - Paul Keir, Concord
Bring on the raid
Your correspondent warns letter writers critical of the government could be next on the AFP hit-list (Letters, September 6).
For the record, all my files are hidden under the rubbish in my shed. I will leave a bin near the door.
- Don Smith, Ashfield
I welcome an AFP raid on my home if my hopes for Australia are too radical. It would save me time de-cluttering. - Bea Hodgson, Gerringong
Please find here a copy of secret federal government strategy meeting minutes - if you are willing to risk being raided by the AFP. Senior minister writes: ''Quick, the economy is tanking, let's send some boats back and drug test welfare recipients.''
Junior minister: ''Of course, have to give Alan and Ray something to talk about other than the economy''. - Frank Gasparre, Eastwood
Media loyalty
We should all be concerned if we cannot be sure that media organisations support us (Letters, September 6). I have discovered that there are some large media companies which did not host a fundraiser for the governing parties. Just where do their loyalties lie? - Don Firth, Wooli
For many readers, the PM's handling of the Tamil family's deportation was a test of his religious principles. "In considering this case, I would ask Scott Morrison one question. "What would Jesus do?" - one reader. "What kind of a Christian is Morrison?" - another. He "wouldn't know what real Christianity was if it ran him down in a truck." - another.
Fair? Rarely does a week go by without a letter calling for freedom "from" religion. In a nation where there is no religious test for office, is there a reasonable line of attack between decrying the influence of religion on politics and accusing a politician of failing to uphold their faith?
Most readers are firmly in the corner of the family, but one contributor expressed impatience at "emotional and sentimental protesters", adding: "Decades ago Professor Tim Flannery and many others warned that Australia was already overpopulated; we have a serious water crisis, an unpredictable climate, fossil soil and a huge country of which only a tiny percentage is habitable On the other hand, we must keep our doors wide open for the huge number of persecuted people unjustly imprisoned, tortured and in many cases facing execution, and those minorities whose religion or ethnicity is unacceptable to the majority. This family do not have the right to stay simply because they prefer the Australian lifestyle (no wonder!). Stand firm Peter Dutton!"
A snip at Elizabeth Farrelly's salvo against air travel last weekend got up the blood of John Lees, of Castlecrag: "If David Salter had bothered to do a little bit of research he would know that leeches are still used in the treatment of some medical conditions."
Mark Sawyer, Letters co-editor
To submit a letter to The Sydney Morning Herald, email letters@smh.com.au. Click here for tips on how to submit letters.
Newstart
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12225
|
__label__wiki
| 0.89665
| 0.89665
|
Police officer still on duty after controversial Yeovil incident
A video online caused outrage as it appeared to show an officer punching a man
Liam TrimCommunity Reporter
The police officer accused of punching a member of the public while he was being detained remains on duty.
Mobile phone footage of an incident which took place outside The Foyer on Peter Street in Yeovil on Wednesday evening (May 31) has been viewed more than 90,000 times.
The video appears to show three officers holding down a member of the public, who is then seemingly struck hard in the face by one of the officers.
A police spokesman confirmed on Friday (June 2) that the officer involved has not been suspended and remains on duty.
The police's Professional Standards Department is investigating the apparent punch in Yeovil (stock image) (Image: Getty)
Avon and Somerset Constabulary's Professional Standards Department is investigating the incident.
The man detained in the video was not arrested or charged but was taken to a mental health facility where he remains, the police spokesman added.
You can watch the original video posted to Facebook by concerned members of the public below.
Yesterday (June 1) police released further footage of the incident taken from body cams worn by officers involved. You can watch that footage at the top of this article.
On June 1 an Avon and Somerset Constabulary statement said: "We were called shortly before 5pm from the ambulance service regarding a man acting aggressively towards their staff.
"It appeared the man was suffering from a mental health episode, so officers took the decision to detain him under the Mental Health Act.
Police detain a man on Peter Street in Yeovil
"This decision is always taken to safeguard the individual from harming themselves and others.
"While we always act in the best interests of the person in crisis, there is sometimes a need for restrain to protect the person, our officers and members of the public.
"The public rightly expects police officers to use force reasonably so we welcome their scrutiny."
Yeovil coach firm Taylors open for business despite customer's fears after phone line problems
How have the public reacted?
Aside from the reaction to the initial Facebook post, scores of readers have commented on Somerset Live's articles about the incident.
Many people have condemned the police officer's actions, while others have pointed out that all the facts are not yet known.
More than 11,000 people read Somerset Live's initial story about the video.
What do you think about the video? Email liam.trim@westgaz.co.uk or comment below to have your say.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12227
|
__label__cc
| 0.722397
| 0.277603
|
The sports health and medicine program at the Springfield Shriners Hospital focuses on healthy training, injury prevention and non-surgical care of children and adolescents with sports injuries. Our specialists work with athletes, families and coaches when an injury has occurred to ensure a safe and swift return to play.
The physician overseeing this program, Julio A. Martinez-Silvestrini, M.D., is board certified in sports medicine and has over 15 years of experience treating sports and musculoskeletal injuries. As a former athlete, Dr. Martinez-Silvestrini understands the priority and passion of sports participation, without losing perspective of the need for recovery and complete healing for the injured young athlete.
Criteria, diagnosis and treatment
Our skilled team sees patients involved in an organized sport, with immediate acute, chronic, non-operative sports injuries, including:
Neck sprain
Shoulder injuries (AC separation, tendonitis, rotator cuff injuries, bursitis)
Stingers/burners (arm) /shooting pain
Elbow injuries including “tennis” and “golfer’s” elbow
Hand/wrist tendonitis and sprains
Back injuries (pinched nerve, sacroiliac joint pain and sprains)
Hip bursitis and tendonitis
Gluteal pains and strains
Thigh contusions and pulls (quadriceps, hamstrings, groin)
Knee pain, tendonitis, Osgood-Schlatter’s, jumper’s or runner’s knee
Foot, ankle and heel pains and strains (foot drop, Achilles tendonitis, Sever’s disease, plantar fasciitis)
Patients also have access to diagnostic and therapeutic services such as physical and occupational therapy, bracing, orthotics, state-of-the-art motion analysis and early referral for surgical evaluation (just 10 percent of sports-related injuries are surgical).
To make an appointment, call our new patient access line at 413-735-1234.
The Springfield Shriners Hospital has three full-time athletic trainers on staff who make it their mission to educate community coaches and athletes about how to reduce injuries, including fractures, in children participating in sports. In conjunction with our sports health and medicine program, our athletic trainers attend community and school sporting events during the day, evenings and/or on weekends at no charge.
Learn more about our athletic training program.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12228
|
__label__wiki
| 0.812597
| 0.812597
|
EagleMaven
GM Report
Brandon Brooks' Anxiety Resurfaced on Sunday
Ed Kracz
Eagles right guard Brandon Brooks arrived at Lincoln Financial Field for Sunday’s game with the Seattle Seahawks already feeling fatigued. Right away, he knew what it was.
His anxiety had resurfaced.
Usually Brooks is able to get the anxiety under control on game days. It hadn’t affected him to the point where he could not play since 2016 when he had to miss two games because it wouldn’t pass. That was his first season in Philadelphia, after the Eagles had signed him to a free agent contract after spending the first four years of his career with the Houston Texans.
Brooks tried to play on Sunday, but removed himself early in the first quarter. He did not return.
He was seen vomiting into a towel on the sideline before heading into the locker room.
“This is the first time I’ve had any experience with this type of thing,” said head coach Doug Pederson on Monday.
“I’ve seen guys back in my (playing) days in Green Bay work themselves up for games, go hit a trash can and they’re out playing. In Brandon’s case, this is real life for him. This is serious and it’s something he battles with every single day and does a great job managing that.”
Brooks has been outspoken about the anxiety issues he has had since first being diagnosed in 2016, wanting to bring awareness to the issue in order to help others who may be struggling with it.
Until Sunday, he had done a good job managing the issue.
Brooks is one of the Eagles’ best offensive linemen, and, earlier this month, the team rewarded him with four-year contract extension worth $54.2 million and will keep him in Philly through the 2024 season.
His early departure left an already-thinned-by-injury line in even further disarray.
The Eagles were already without Pro Bowl right tackle Lane Johnson, who was out with a concussion. In Johnson’s place was rookie Andre Dillard, who was playing right tackle for the first time in his life.
Halapoulivaati Vaitai stepped in at right guard for Brooks, but the Eagles benched Dillard to start the second half, which forced Vaitai to play right tackle and seldom-used Matt Pryor to enter at Brooks’ spot.
Pederson said he believes Johnson will be out of concussion protocol and be ready to practice on Wednesday.
Brooks’ condition won’t be known until game day this Sunday, when the Eagles travel to Miami to play the Dolphins at 1 p.m.
Buyer Beware When it Comes to Running Backs
Super Bowl 54 will be played with four undrafted free agents at that position
SENIOR BOWL: Receivers to Watch
The Eagles need speed, and there is plenty of that at the receiver position, with some of it on display this weekend
New Hires May End Super Droughts in NFC East
Eagles are most recent division team to win Super Bowl, and made postseason three straight years, but new coaches could pose threat to that recent success
Eagles Were First of Six Teams to Cut Raheem Mostert
Here's more on the running back that has found a home in San Francisco and rushed for a conference record 220 yards in NFC title game victory
Time to Root For Andy Reid to Win Big One
Eagles fans have celebrated a Super Bowl title, now it's their old coach's turn to get one, even though it's with the Kansas City Chiefs
Dan Hoffman
TIME HOP: Former Eagles OL Catches TD Pass
Dennis Kelly, a former 5th round draft pick of Andy Reid and the Eagles, gave the Titans a 17-7 lead over the Chiefs in the first half of Sunday's AFC title game
Eagles Still Contemplating Assistant Coach Hires
There are now four vacancies on head coach Doug Pederson's staff after Friday's release of DL coach Phillip Daniels
Eagles Hire Connor Barwin, Release Another Assistant
There was also a report that the team was interviewing a college assistant for the offensive coordinator job while two WR coaching candidates won't be coming
Eagles Expected to be Players in Backup QB Market
With Nate Sudfeld likely moving on and Josh McCown's future uncertain, here are some players team could try to draft and sign as a free agent
HAROLD CARMICHAEL: "Wasn't Sure I Was Good Enough"
The former Eagles great receiver was on a conference call and talked about his reaction to the call that he was being elected into the Pro Football Hall of Fame and much more
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12229
|
__label__cc
| 0.562384
| 0.437616
|
You are here: Home / Blu Ray and Dvd / Monsters University Available on Blu-ray and DVD
Monsters University Available on Blu-ray and DVD
October 29, 2013 By Sippy Cup Mom 21 Comments
A few months ago, I had the chance to attend the premiere of Monsters University – it was an amazing experience and I instantly fell in love with the movie. It had so many great messages and I knew that it would become a favorite of my son’s. Before I even left Los Angeles, I loaded up on Monsters University toys to bring home to him.
Well, life got busy and I didn’t have the chance to bring him to the theater to see Monsters University. He was so disappointed but I knew that he would love getting Monsters University on Blu-ray and DVD to watch it at home. We received it a few days ago and after multiple showings, he wasn’t disappointed anymore!
About Monsters University
Ever since college-bound Mike Wazowski (voice of Billy Crystal) was a little monster, he has dreamed of becoming a Scarer– and he knows better than anyone that the best Scarers come from Monsters University (MU). But during his first semester at MU, Mike’s plans are derailed when he crosses paths with hotshot James P. Sullivan, “Sulley” (voice of John Goodman), a natural-born Scarer. The pair’s out-of-control competitive spirit gets them both kicked out of the University’s elite Scare Program. To make matters worse, they realize they will have to work together, along with an odd bunch of misfit monsters, if they ever hope to make things right.
Monsters University on Blu-ray and DVD
You can read my full review of Monsters University and all of the great messages it provides for kids – and the laughs! We received Monsters University on Blu-ray and DVD and it’s simply stunning. It’s jam packed full of bonus features including all new material, behind-the-scenes features, deleted scenes, the Pixar short “The Blue Umbrella” and so much more! The quality of the sound and picture is just amazing and as good if you were in a theater.
There’s a huge amount of bonus features on the Monsters University Blu-ray/DVD and here’s just a few of our favorites!
Story School – This documentary examines the challenges of creating a prequel as well as themes that run through the story, and the change in focus from Sulley to Mike. We’ll also look at how gags are developed – from writing jokes to brainstorming a million ideas, only 5% of which actually end up in the movie.
Gag Session – Monsters University BTS on Disney Video
Scare Games – At Pixar, we play hard while we work. The same people who keep the film production moving – producers, managers, coordinators and artists – are also the ones who bring spirit and excitement to some of our extracurricular activities. We check out the MU production teams as they go head to head in the mostly playful Pixar Scare Games competitions.
Deleted Scenes – Four separate scenes – “Rivalry,” “Recon,” “Movie Night,” and “Drama Class” – are highlighted with an introduction from director Dan Scanlon.
“The Blue Umbrella” – This animated short film from Pixar Animation Studios, directed by Saschka Unseld and produced by Marc Greenberg, played in theaters in front of “Monsters University.” “The Blue Umbrella” tells the story of an evening commute in which the rain starts to fall and the city comes alive to the sound of dripping rain pipes, whistling awnings and gurgling gutters. And in the midst, two umbrellas—one blue, one not—fall eternally in love.
Monsters University is available on Blu-ray and DVD today! This is the perfect movie to pick up and watch for Halloween with your little ones.
Disclosure: I received a copy of Monsters University for review purposes only. All thoughts and opinions are my own.
Monsters University is the Must-See Family Movie of the Summer #MonstersUPremiere
Review: Lady and the Tramp II: Scamp’s Adventure on Blu-Ray
Review: Peter Pan Diamond Edition Blu-ray/DVD is Now Available!
Review: Pocahontas and Pocahontas II on Blu-Ray
Disney’s Planes Flies Onto Blu-ray and DVD! Available Now!
Review: Frankenweenie Blu-ray/DVD
Filed Under: Blu Ray and Dvd, Disney, Reviews
Maria Iemma says
I promised my grandkids I would get them the Monsters University DVD when it came out. I must do good on my promise!!
Oh the memories of going back to school on the blue carpet with Monsters University! I’m so excited to finally be able to share the movie with my family!
This is one of the funniest prequels EVER. Hands down. I’ts marvelous.
My son is almost 2 and has just started to really enjoy movies. We’ve been working our way through my favorite Pixar movies, this one is definitely on the list!
Say Something Kita (@Kreative10) says
We will be watching this one on dvd I heard it was very good and some great lessons in it.
Ange says
We LOVE Monster’s University, super excited that it’s now available on blu-ray!! Also, I LOVE your photos!
Kecia says
My son loves Monsters University as well. I need to find those little figurines for him – they would make a great stocking stuffer!
Helga says
Pixar animation is top notch, but I wish they would get away from the monster theme.
I will have to see this one. I loved the first Monsters movie 🙂
Katherine Bartlett says
What a lot of fun! I loved the first movie!
So glad to see this out on dvd. Love watching it and kids too!
Taylor @ Pink Heels Pink Truck says
I loved the first Monster’s movie and can’t wait to see this one! I made sure to visit the Monster’s Inc. Laugh in at Magic Kingdom and it was so much fun!!!
Shell Feis says
My son was already obsessed with Monsters Inc. before this came out but this has definitely solidified that love!
I’ll have to buy this for my grandson this Christmas! We still haven’t seen it but I know he wants to. It looks adorable!
Karen Hartzell (@InTheKitchenKP) says
We’re huge Disney fans! What a fab opportunity to go to the premiere of Monsters University. I am sure your son will love watching the movie just as much as seeing it in the theater. Have fun!
Liz @ A Nut in a Nutshell says
I’d like to check out some of those deleted scenes on this. Since it’s Disney, they were probably great even though they were deletes! This is just such a cute movie for sure!
Denise Taylor-Dennis says
I will have to get this movie for my son and admittedly for myself since I love Disney movies.
We loved it too! I think this might be a Halloween treat for our family. My husband and I liked seeing the back story and it really for together well.
Mrs. Ma'am says
My oldest has recently fallen in love with Monster’s Inc so I am excited to see this is out for purchase!!
I really can’t wait to see this. My girls love “Monsters” but I have yet to get this one. I wish it had Boo in it though.
Our whole family loves Monster’s University and we like they story and the characters. Such a fun good movie to watch and I will be getting this for Christmas!
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12231
|
__label__wiki
| 0.969269
| 0.969269
|
Attorneys Capabilities Resources About Us
Civil War Preservation Trust recognizes Stites & Harbison Law Firm for leadership and contribution
by Stites & Harbison, PLLC
NASHVILLE, Tenn.—The Civil War Preservation Trust (CWPT) has recognized Stites & Harbison PLLC for the law firm’s leadership and generosity in rendering more than $1 million in pro bono services to support battlefield preservation during the past five years.
According to CWPT President Jim Lighthizer, Stites & Harbison has helped lead efforts to preserve valuable battlefield acreage in Franklin and Middle Tennessee In addition to rendering legal services for the acquisition of battlefield property, Stites & Harbison has provided services to support and maintain Franklin’s Charge, an organization that is working to preserve and restore the Battle of Franklin battlefield.
“The leadership and work that Stites has provided is so far outside the box of what any other organization is doing to ensure this historic acreage is preserved,” said Lighthizer. “Their understanding and commitment to helping us preserve these hallowed grounds is invaluable.”
CWPT has more than 55,000 members and is the largest nonprofit battlefield preservation organization in the United States, having preserved more than 29,000 acres of battlefield land across the nation.
Attorneys Julian Bibb and Miranda Christy, along with staff support from Stacey Watson, Frances Regan and Christina Willow, have provided the bulk of the support rendered by Stites & Harbison.
“We are appreciative of the recognition given to the law firm by CWPT,” said Bibb. “This has been a remarkable five years. Our efforts have supported land preservation, education and tourism. It’s been exciting to see the success of these efforts and we certainly enjoy our relationship with CWPT.”
Atlanta 404-739-8800
Jeffersonville 812-282-7566
Covington 859-652-7600
Frankfort 502-223-3477
Lexington 859-226-2300
Louisville 502-587-3400
Franklin 615-595-0636
Memphis 901-866-8975
Nashville 615-782-2200
Alexandria 703-739-4900
© 2020 Stites & Harbison, PLLC | Privacy Policy | Terms of Use
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12232
|
__label__cc
| 0.714576
| 0.285424
|
Stuart Chestler
stuart.chestler@stoel.com Download vCard
Save this Page Download PDF
Honors & Activities
Insights & Presentations
About Stuart
Stuart Chestler is Senior Counsel to the firm. For over 20 years, Stuart has been a general corporate and securities attorney with a practice emphasis on the day-to-day representation of public company clients in the areas of disclosure and public reporting, corporate governance, insider trading and reporting, and executive compensation. His deep knowledge in the field of executive compensation includes the corporate, securities and tax aspects of stock options, performance-based incentives, deferred compensation, severance arrangements and employee stock purchase plans. Stuart also represents clients in public and private financings and in merger and acquisition transactions. His practice branches into health care law as he represents several companies that provide business support to dental practices.
Expand to Read More + See Less -
Mentor Graphics Corporation
Schnitzer Steel Industries, Inc.
Northwest Natural Gas Company
StanCorp Financial Group, Inc.
InterDent, Inc.
Pacific Dental Services, Inc.
Included in The Best Lawyers in America© (currently: Corporate Law, Mergers & Acquisitions Law, Securities/Capital Markets Law), 2013-2020
Selected as one of “America’s Leading Lawyers for Business” (Oregon) by Chambers USA (currently: Corporate/Mergers and Acquisitions), 2005-2012
Related News & Publications
Employee Benefits Law Alert: Overview of Key Provisions of the Section 409A Final Regulations - 5/22/2007
Employee Benefits Law Alert: Equity Compensation Provisions in the Section 409A Proposed Regulations - 1/1/2006
Boalt Hall School of Law, J.D., 1982; Order of the Coif
University of Oregon, B.A., 1979
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12235
|
__label__cc
| 0.566824
| 0.433176
|
sueno.co.uk
Chesterfield Beds
Chesterfield Headboards
Art Deco Headboards
Winged Headboards
View all Divans
The Tour de France meets our Tour de Lits
The flash of Lycra. The thrill of the chase. The sound of all those spokies thundering along the roads. (Chris Froome doesn’t have spokies? Missing. A. Trick). Yep, here at Sueno we’re still revelling in the joys that the Tour de France brought into our neck of the woods (Yorkshire FYI). It got us thinking (but don’t worry, we’re not going to get all deep and meaningful). This year, the route is taking in some great UK hotspots to name a few, Hebden Bridge, Sheffield & heading south to Cambridge as the peloton approaches the Capital.
Because we’re more in the business of luxury beds as opposed to bikes, we thought we’d weave our blog-writing magic and bring you 'Le Tour de Lits'. Yes, scour the darkest recesses of your mind for that long-forgotten, never-used GCSE French and you’ll remember the word ‘lit’ means ‘bed’ in French. Mais oui! Still with us? Good. So, here’s our Tour de Lits celebrating the cyclists travelling through the UK. Quite simply, we've picked out three luxury beds from our french bed collection and chosen which of the above places on this year's TDF route they belong.
It’s got hippies. It had Ted Hughes. According to Wikipedia, it’s the lesbian capital of the UK. Pretty good going for a town with a population of 4200. This place clearly has ideas above its station – we like that. So Hebden Bridge, your bed for the Tour de Lit is this – the Frank Hudson Louis XV bed. Hand carved in solid mahogany, need we say more? No, but we’re going to because it really is rather special. It’s available in three finishes – blonde antique, Georgian brown, and rich mahogany, and it features a hand woven cane headboard. We think you’ll agree it’s not often you come across that level of detail and craftsmanship.
We’re on to the next stop -
The home of Pulp, Human League, Arctic Monkeys... and some steel. Nope, we’re not going to give Sheffield the honour of a bed made from Kee Klamp (we don’t do that sort of thing at Sueno). However, we’re giving Sheffield - the city of steel - a bed that hints at its steel heritage. It’s the Frank Hudson Alexandria bed. Like the Louis XV bed, this one’s also available in three finishes, but it’s the silver leaf version that gives it that chic steely grey look that’s perfect for industrial Sheffield. Add the hand carved cane head and footboard, and scroll detail on the solid mahogany it’s well worthy of the yellow jersey.
Tell us we’re stereotyping, but if our luxury beds are going to fit right in anywhere on this Tour de Lits, it’s going to be in Cambridge. All those grand university buildings, studious types on bikes, and money-can’t-buy house prices. Just perfect for our Frank Hudson Monique bed n’est ce pas? With its ivory paint finish, this gorgeous Frank Hudson piece has an elegant French Renaissance feel to it. It's ideal for one of those grand Cambridge houses with bedrooms painted in Farrow & Ball.
Whether it is to improve the styling of your bedroom or to improve your quality of sleep, we can help you find exactly what you are looking for.
Feel free to contact Sueno if you have any questions after reading our Bed Guide.
Bed Size Guide
Mattress Guide
A site by Intermarketing Agency
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12241
|
__label__wiki
| 0.947533
| 0.947533
|
Lifestyle / Entertainment
Strictly Come Dancing judge’s verdict: New arrival Motsi is more fun
by Russell Blackstock
November 17, 2019, 9:07 am Updated: November 17, 2019, 10:23 am
© Lia Toby/Getty Images
Motsi Mabuse and Shirley Ballas attend the "Strictly Come Dancing" launch show red carpet at Television Centre.
Strictly Come Dancing judge Craig Revel Horwood says new judge Motsi Mabuse has helped make the programme feel more fun.
Motsi, 38, replaced long-time judge Dame Darcey Bussell after she left in April.
Craig, 54, said: “I loved Darcey, and she did a stellar job, but Motsi does bring a certain energy, and sometimes its good to shake things up.
“She’s more bouncy. She’s a Latin babe, not a ballet babe.”
He said he also likes the fact that Motsi gives him a hard time, saying: “We don’t necessarily agree, which is good. The only thing we have a problem with is her nails. They’re like talons. She’s nearly scratched my eye out.”
Motsi, the sister of Strictly pro dancer Oti, was a professional and then judge on the German version of the show, before moving to the British programme.
She has been taken back by the ferocity of the British show, saying: “Its incredible how passionate people get about it.
“Here, everyone takes it so seriously. In Germany it’s far more light-hearted.”
Although Motsi and her sister Oti grew up in South Africa, she has lived in Germany for most of her life – and continues to do so with her husband and daughter.
Head judge Shirley Ballas says that Darcey’s departure has meant she now sits between Bruno and Motsi. “I’m squashed between two people who wave their arms around. I might get whacked,” she said.
Motsi Mabuse
Strictly Live’s Emma Barton reveals she’s not the only star in the family
Amanda Holden, Stacey Dooley and US stars react to Harry and Meghan’s shock move
Could 2019 have been one of the best years ever for TV?
Tranmere boss Micky Mellon puts aside Man Utd thoughts ahead of Watford replay
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12242
|
__label__cc
| 0.691646
| 0.308354
|
Social Skills Chipper Chat®
Magnetic Chip Game for Practicing Social Skills
with Activity Book
by Rose Sheedy and Nancy Crist - Grades PreK-6
#605 Developmental Milestones – Four to Five Years 12/20/2019
#604 Developmental Milestones – Three to Four Years 11/19/2019
#602 PANDAS Syndrome 11/6/2019
#598 No-Prep Therapy Activity: Guess My Monster! 10/8/2019
#597 Do You See What I Hear? 10/1/2019
#596 Developmental Milestones – Two to Three Years 9/24/2019
#595 Twice-Exceptional Students 9/18/2019
#594 Hippotherapy 9/10/2019
#593 Flexible Seating in the Classroom 9/3/2019
#592 No-Prep Therapy Activity: A Chip Off the Ol’ Ice Breaker! 8/27/2019
#589 Beyond Just Clumsy: Developmental Coordination Disorder 8/6/2019
#588 Understanding Sarcasm 7/30/2019
#586 Cross That Line! (Midline, That Is!) 7/16/2019
#585 Emotional Self-Regulation– A Skill That Benefits Everyone 7/9/2019
#584 American Sign Language 7/2/2019
#583 Developmental Milestones – Birth to One Year 6/25/2019
#580 Speaking with Emphasis 6/4/2019
#579 Does Texting Hurt Writing Skills? 5/28/2019
#578 The Importance of Empathy 5/21/2019
#577 Hearing Loss 5/14/2019
#574 Teaching Money Sense to Children 4/23/2019
#569 Williams Syndrome 3/19/2019
#567 Soft Skills Can Be Hard! 3/5/2019
#566 All About Wellness 2/26/2019
#565 Celiac Disease 2/21/2019
#564 Say “Yes” to the “No” Phase 2/13/2019
#563 Smartphones May Lead to Mental Health Problems in Children 2/5/2019
#562 Stay Positive: How the Words We Choose Shape Behavior 1/29/2019
#560 No-Prep Therapy Activity: Guess My Snowman 1/15/2019
#559 Keeping Students Motivated 1/8/2019
#558 Echolalia and Visual Impairments 1/1/2019
#557 Travel with Communication 12/25/2018
#555 Holiday Season with a Special Needs Child 12/11/2018
#554 Benefits of Coloring 12/4/2018
#553 Reinforcing Your Child’s Education at Home 11/27/2018
#551 Tree Nut and Peanut Allergies 11/13/2018
#547 Mindfulness for Children 10/16/2018
#545 Cyberbullying 10/2/2018
#543 Aim for Success, Not Stress 9/24/2018
#542 I Have a Student In My Class Who Stutters. What Should I Do? 8/28/2018
#538 Choosing the Right Preschool 7/31/2018
#536 Handling Conflict without Harming Children 7/17/2018
#534 Airborne Allergies 6/13/2018
#531 Right Hemisphere Brain Damage 5/22/2018
#529 Dysarthria 5/1/2018
#526 Which Speech Therapy Setting is Best for Your Child? 4/11/2018
#524 April is National Occupational Therapy Month! 3/20/2018
#523 Applied Behavior Analysis 3/14/2018
#522 Mouth Breathing 3/7/2018
#521 Evidence-Based Practice 2/21/2018
#520 Cyberslang… :) or :( ? 2/13/2018
#519 Total Physical Response (TPR) 2/6/2018
#517 Dysgraphia 1/24/2018
#513 Pediatric Dysphagia 12/19/2017
#511 What’s Happening? Talking to Children about Current Events 12/5/2017
#510 CAUSES OF SPEECH AND LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT 11/28/2017
#507 Epilepsy 11/7/2017
#506 Speech and Language Therapy Approaches within a School Setting 10/31/2017
#504 Alzheimer’s 10/17/2017
#499 Benefits of Music 8/29/2017
#498 Encouraging Good Communication with Children 8/23/2017
#496 First Words 8/8/2017
#494 The Importance of Verbs 7/25/2017
#493 Tonsils and Adenoids 7/18/2017
#492 Visual Schedules for Daily Routines 7/19/2017
#491 Hidden Dangers Inside the Apps Your Children May be Using Online Safety Tips for Parents 7/4/2017
#490 Fidgets: Tools Or Toys? 6/27/2017
#489 Time-out: Does it Really Work? 6/20/2017
#488 Understand Bad Habits 6/14/2017
#486 Impact of Colors 5/31/2017
#484 Watch Your Words 5/16/2017
#482 What is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder? Try Not to Overthink It 5/2/2017
#480 Vitamin Zzz 4/18/2017
#477 What About Me? – Helping Siblings Understand Autism 3/21/2017
#475 Important Qualities When Working with Children 3/7/2017
#473 Get a Cue! 2/21/2017
#471 Writing Useful IEP Goals 2/7/2017
#467 Why Are Frogs Green? How to Handle Your Child’s Nonstop Questions 1/12/2017
#464 ADHD – Myths and Facts 12/20/2016
#459 Inclusion Made Easier 11/15/2016
#453 Decrease Morning Stress 10/4/2016
#449 Back to School Basics 9/6/2016
#448 Read My Face! Understanding Facial Expressions 8/30/2016
#446 What’s in Your Bag? 8/19/2016
#444 Taming and Tolerating Temper Tantrums 8/2/2016
#441 The Importance of Play-Based Therapy 7/12/2016
#440 Save it for a Rainy Day: Ideas to Beat Summer Boredom 7/5/2016
#439 Traveling and Vacationing with a Special Needs Child 6/28/2016
#436 Safety First: National Safety Month 2016 6/7/2016
#434 The Speech-Language Pathologist’s Role in Stroke Recovery 5/24/2016
#433 May is Pediatric Stroke Awareness Month 5/17/2016
#432 Think F.A.S.T.: What You Need to Know about Stroke 5/10/2016
#431 Communication Takes Care: Better Hearing & Speech Month 2016 5/3/2016
#428 April is for Autism Awareness! 4/13/2016
#425 Childhood Concussions 3/15/2016
#420 Important Changes in Diagnostic Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder What does this mean for families living with ASD? 2/9/2016
#419 The Importance of Prosody 2/3/2016
#415 Let’s Play! Tips for Organizing Play Time for Young Children 12/29/2015
#414 Beating the Winter Blahs: Ten Boredom Busting Family Activities 12/22/2015
#408 Disconnect the Tech! Help Your Child “Plug-In” to Good Communication 7/7/2015
#399 What is Sensory Processing Disorder? 12/17/2013
#398 Why Won’t My Child Talk About School – Even When I Ask Questions? 12/3/2013
#394 Childhood Disintegrative Disorder 10/8/2013
#393 Dyspraxia – Symptoms and Treatment 9/24/2013
#390 Helping Children Understand and Deal with Emotions 8/13/2013
#389 Teaching Children Internet Safety 7/30/2013
#383 My Child Doesn’t Talk Like (or As Much As) His Peers 4/30/2013
#382 Mainstreaming English Language Learners into the Regular Classroom 5/15/2013
#379 Whatever Happened to Unstructured Play? 3/5/2013
#372 Visual Processing Disorder 11/21/2012
#370 Teaching Left-Handed Students to Write in a Right-Handed World 10/23/2012
#368 Is My Child Ready for Kindergarten 9/25/2012
#367 “Johnny can’t stop fidgeting and won’t stay in his seat!” Helpful Strategies for the Active Learner 9/12/2012
#366 Developing Students’ Social Skills through Scripting 8/28/2012
#365 Social and Academic Vocabulary—What’s the Difference? 8/14/2012
#364 What is 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome? 7/31/2012
#363 Understanding Semantic-Pragmatic Disorder 7/16/2012
#358 What are Developmental Domains? 5/8/2012
#357 Using an Appropriate Volume 4/24/2012
#355 Let’s Go to the Dentist! 3/27/2012
#351 Using an Appropriate Rate of Speech 1/25/2012
#348 Giving Advice – A Social Skill 1/6/2012
#347 Apps for Students with Communication Deficits 12/29/2011
#345 Tips for Topic Maintenance 12/16/2011
#344 Teaching Students to Take Another’s Perspective 12/9/2011
#343 Dealing with Transition During the School Day 12/2/2011
#341 Using Constructive Criticism to Help Children Learn at School 11/18/2011
#340 Using Constructive Criticism to Help Children Learn at Home 11/11/2011
#314 Creative Treatment with Art Therapy 5/13/2011
#302 Scripting: Role-Playing for Social Success! 2/18/2011
#299 Pardon My Interruption… 1/28/2011
#288 Taking a Look at Eye Contact 11/16/2010
#284 Sharing – An Important Social Skill! 10/15/2010
#283 Hellos and Goodbyes – Teaching Children to Use Greetings 10/8/2010
#256 Ten Ways to Teach Good Manners 4/2/2010
#252 Unique Communication Needs of Teenagers 3/5/2010
#239 Personal Space - A Social Skill 12/4/2009
#226 Using Educational Software to Help Children with Autism 9/4/2009
#217 Autism—the Basics 7/2/2009
#206 Creating Rich Sensory Experiences 4/17/2009
#205 Sensory Integration Therapy and Children with Autism 4/10/2009
#198 Autism: It May Not Be What You Think 2/20/2009
#197 Autism Evaluations—What to Expect 2/13/2009
#195 Helping the Child with Autism Build Peer Relationships and Friendships 1/30/2009
#194 “I Think My Child Has Autism. What Do I Do?” 1/23/2009
#188 What Is Asperger Syndrome? 12/12/2008
#171 Using Weighted Materials 7/18/2008
#165 What is an Occupational Therapist? 5/16/2008
#159 Quick Classroom Tips to Improve Handwriting 4/11/2008
#156 Guidelines for the Development of Self-Feeding Skills 3/21/2008
#146 Creating a Sensory Stimulation Kit 12/15/2007
#144 Why is it Hard for Some Children to Learn Social Skills? 10/30/2007
#135 Using the Benefits of Yoga with Children 6/15/2007
#134 Accommodating Children With Autism Within an Inclusive Setting 6/1/2007
#133 Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) 5/15/2007
#132 Using a “Sensory Diet” with Children with Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) 5/1/2007
#126 Understanding Cerebral Palsy 1/31/2007
#119 Understanding Occupational Therapy: Learning through Play 10/15/2006
#105 Parents Help to Encourage Social Success at Home, Too! 3/15/2006
CC88 - Social Skills Chipper Chat® $69.95
204 Fold & Say® Social Skills Book
TPX4401
Communicate Junior
Say and Do
Social Scenes
What Do You Say . . . What Do You Do . . . ® At School?
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12245
|
__label__cc
| 0.578143
| 0.421857
|
PG Certificates
DBA & Doctorate
Online BA & BSc
Universities List
Tuition Fee Payment
Talk to a Consultant
About Stafford
Stafford Crest
Philippe Riewer
After completing his Masters degree in Economics in Strasbourg, Philippe embarked on an international career spanning four continents. An exchange year abroad in the UK triggered a life long love and appreciation for Anglo Saxon countries and culture, which took him to San Francisco for an MBA and New Zealand with L’Oreal. In between these countries he also managed short stints in Germany and Jordan.
Having tired of the corporate life he returned to academia with Stafford as a lecturer in 1999, first teaching Managerial Economics, Decision Making and then Corporate Finance. Ten years later, he took over as Group CFO of the company.
Philippe is an avid follower of current affairs and international finance and can be relied upon to name the capital city of every country in the world. When he is not reading the Financial Times or The Economist he can be found playing Padel tennis where he is a highly sought after partner due to his extremely competitive nature.
Refaat Kazoun
Timothy Campbell
Talk to Consultant
Become An Instructor?
Join thousand of instructors and earn money hassle free!
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12249
|
__label__wiki
| 0.817921
| 0.817921
|
Music Composer, Music Supervisor, Musician, Sound Designer and Voice Artist
Kat's Wall (5)
Grammy nominated, Emmy, Edward R Murrow, and Peabody Award-winning composer, Kat Epple, has created music for National Geographic, Nova, CNN, The Travel Channel, History Channel, The Guiding Light, PBS, Apple Computers, Metropolitan Museum of Art, and NASA among others.
Kat specializes in, World, Space, Jazz, Orchestral, and Ambient Music on synthesis, EWI (Electronic Wind Instrument), world flutes, and digital technology. She has also traveled the globe, collecting unique indigenous music instruments from various cultures, which she often incorporates in her original compositions.
Kat Epple official website
Sound Cloud, Kat Epple, composer
Sound Cloud Kat Epple Music Production
Kat's network
Charlotte Hardt
Hank Sorrick
Crew, director and editor
Rebecca Hollifield
Art director and screenwriter
Debra Lee Powell
Dialogue editor, playwright and screenwriter
Tera Nicole Miller
Actor, assistant director and host/presenter
Marc Rienzo
Art director, director and editor
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12250
|
__label__wiki
| 0.786172
| 0.786172
|
Musical Soulprint
Songliner is a secret no more. After over a million miles on the road in the U.S.
and abroad, he emerges as a contemporary standard bearer of the Australian Aboriginal
concept of the songline – musical boundaries that criss-cross the land,
intersecting nature, people, and time, and returning the power of life back to the
sacred Earth.
At a young age Songliner discovered that he was able to duplicate any music that
he heard on the piano. He began performing in cover bands and
soon began expressing his own impressions of life via the craft of songwriting.
As he honed his skills as a lyricist, arranger, producer, and collaborator,
he was inevitably recognized for his all-around talent to turn just any moment into a
vibrant sonic snapshot.
Songliner’s awareness of global affairs and concern for unnecessary suffering
inspires a sizable portion of his work with an intercultural, compassionate edge.
Full-length productions that reflect these sentiments include
The Attunement, Sounds and Voices Along The International Songline, and
Piandemonium.
Songliner recently discovered a way to combine his background in Psychology
with his musical capabilities. Musical Soulprint was born, a 2-3 minute original
instrumental composition unique to each individual.
Perhaps his most revealing project to date is his latest album, Same Plane,
which highlights his continuing concern for the planet and its inhabitants.
A few of his credits include: a publishing deal with Dick James Music,
a recording contract with World Disc Music, Grand Prize Awards in both the
prestigious American Song Festival and Yamaha International World Festivals,
a Gold record with El De Barge, and a 4-CD children’s educational series, Planet Me.
Other notable credits include a stint as musical director for the late Alan Thicke
(and piano instructor for his son Robin), a historic position as the first
National Demonstration Director for Pioneer Laser Karaoke’s U.S. launch in 1988,
and many years performing as a dueling pianist, displaying both his encylopedic recall
and versatile vocal personality.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12258
|
__label__cc
| 0.680609
| 0.319391
|
How Multiple Myeloma of the Spine Is Diagnosed
Tests that help determine if you have this type of blood cancer that affects the spine
Written by Ali A. Baaj, MD
Multiple myeloma is a blood cancer that can weaken and damage the bones of your spine. This cancer originates in the plasma cells that live in your bone marrow. During your diagnostic evaluation, your doctor will review your medical history, symptoms, and perform a physical and neurological examination. The doctor’s findings are combined with results from lab tests and imaging studies to make an accurate diagnosis.
Multiple Myeloma: A Multi-faceted Diagnostic Approach
Multiple myeloma is challenging to diagnose and stage based on one lab test, so doctors typically perform several tests to confirm a diagnosis. The first line of diagnostic testing usually includes blood and urine tests, and a bone marrow biopsy. After that, imaging tests such as x-rays, MRIs, and CT scans may be performed.
The first line of diagnostic testing usually includes blood and urine tests, and a bone marrow biopsy. Photo Source: 123RF.com.
Blood and urine tests
Blood and urine tests will detect M proteins, which are produced by myeloma cells. Blood tests can also identify problems related to kidney function, calcium levels (hypercalcemia is a common symptom of multiple myeloma), and red blood cell count to detect possible anemia.
Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy
Two other diagnostic steps are bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. Bone marrow is comprised of both solid and liquid components, and these tests measure each of them. A bone marrow aspiration uses a needle to extract some of the bone marrow liquid, while a bone marrow biopsy uses a different type of needle to remove a small portion of the solid marrow. These samples are typically taken from marrow in the pelvic bone.
Imaging scans
X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and CT scans are types of imaging tests performed to help detect, identify and define area/s of bone damage and tumor (eg, plasmacytoma, a plasma cell tumor). Although x-rays provide your doctor basic but important information, an MRI or CT scan can provide significant structural detail in different visual formats (eg, front, back, side, overhead).
Spine cancer: plasmacytoma cord compression
Multiple Myeloma Diagnostic Criteria
Doctors follow specific multiple myeloma diagnostic criteria to confirm the disease. For multiple myeloma to be diagnosed, a doctor must confirm one major and one minor criteria, or three minor criteria, in a patient with who is experiencing symptoms of the disease.
Major criteria include:
Confirmation of plasmacytoma from a biopsy
30 percent plasma cells in a bone marrow sample
High levels of M protein in the blood or urine
Minor criteria include:
10 percent to 30 percent plasma cells in a bone marrow sample
Slight increases in M protein levels in the blood or urine
Bone soft spots, known as osteolytic lesions, which can show up in imaging studies
Low levels of antibodies in the blood
You’ve Been Diagnosed with Multiple Myeloma—Now What?
If you’ve been diagnosed with multiple myeloma, the next step is to meet with a hematologist/oncologist who has experience treating multiple myeloma. The specialist will help you understand multiple myeloma. Furthermore, a personalized treatment plan is developed that includes helping you to manage pain and other symptoms.
View Sources
American Cancer Society. What is multiple myeloma? http://www.cancer.org/cancer/multiplemyeloma/detailedguide/multiple-myeloma-what-is-multiple-myeloma. Reviewed May 22, 2014. Updated January 19, 2016. Accessed September 20, 2016.
American Society of Clinical Oncology. Multiple Myeloma – Diagnosis. http://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis. Published June 2015. Accessed September 24, 2016.
Medline. Multiple Myeloma. https://medlineplus.gov/multiplemyeloma.html. Last reviewed May 25, 2016. Updated August 18, 2016. Accessed September 20, 2016.
Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation. Multiple Myeloma Diagnosis. https://www.themmrf.org/multiple-myeloma/diagnosis/. Accessed September 24, 2016.
Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma in the Spine
Spinal Cancer Q&A
Metastatic Spinal Tumors
Symptoms/Diagnosis of Metastatic Spinal Tumors
Angiography/Angiogram
Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma
Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma
Spinal Fractures and Cancer
Spinal Osteosarcoma
Ultrasonography: Medical Diagnostic Ultrasound
Radiation Therapy for Spine Cancer
Types of Radiation Therapy
3D Printed Spinal Implant in Chordoma Surgery
Multiple myeloma is a complex disease with no known cause. This blood cancer affects each person differently—some people have a variety of symptoms, while others experience none.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12265
|
__label__cc
| 0.649723
| 0.350277
|
Home » A-Z » Rugby Union
Rugby union is a contact sport where aim is to use the ball to score more points than the other team.
An Overview of Rugby Union
You can run with the ball, kick it and pass it, but passing the ball forwards is not allowed.
There are several ways to score points.
A try - five points are awarded for touching the ball down in your opponent's goal area.
A conversion - two points are added for a successful kick through the goalposts after a try
A goal kick - three points are awarded for a penalty kick or drop goal through the posts
From scrummaging to tackling, to sprinting with the ball, this can be a high intensity workout that will boost both your fitness and your strength.
Costs will vary across the country from club to club.
England won the Rugby World Cup in 2003, defeating Australia 20 points to 17.
Jonny Wilkinson kicked a dropped goal in the final minute to seal England's win.
Find Rugby Union Activities Near You
Return to Rugby
England Rugby and Lewis Moody want you to get back in the game and Return to Rugby.
enquiries@therfu.com
Worcester Mixed Ability Rugby
Disability Sport Worcester
Disability Sport Worcester specialises in creating and running sporting events, clubs and activities for children and adults with disabilities.
Worcester Warriors Community Foundation
The Warriors Community Foundation exists to help build a legacy for sport, education, health and social cohesion across the communities within our reach
Redditch Rugby Football Club
Redditch RFC is a rugby club providing coaching and playing opportunities for players of all ages. Senior men's sides include a veterans side for the over 35s. Mini and junior sides cater for boys and girls aged from 7 to 17.
Vision Sports Academy CIC
Vision Sports Academy CIC (VSA) is a Birmingham based sports coaching social enterprise, more specifically a community interest company which tackles social objectives & reinvests profits back into the community.
Active Communities Worcester
Freedom Leisure’s Active Communities team work on developing a range of sport, play & physical activity programmes to get the local community active!
University of Worcester Lakeside Campus
A SUSTAINABLE AND MODERN, RURAL OUTDOOR UNIVERSITY CAMPUS
Future developments will be focused on supporting lifelong education in sport, outdoor activity, outdoor learning and science and the environment. We offer engaging experiences
MSC Performance
MSC provides Strength and Conditioning coaching to all ages and all levels of ability. Members are part of a great community and will be educated by some of the most qualified and respected coaches in the UK!
Girls Touch Rugby 10yrs - 18yrs
Starting on Sunday 6th October 2019 10:00am and continuing throughout the Rugby season.
Only Girls Allowed - Kidderminster
Bringing girls and women of all ages together, giving you the confidence to join in new sports and exercise within the local area.
Rugby Football Foundation - Helping Hand Grants
Provides a mechanism for rugby clubs to apply for a small grant
Rugby Football Foundation - Groundmatch Grants
Provides easy-to-access grant funding for capital projects which contribute to the recruitment and retention of community rugby players.
Rugby Football Foundation: Groundmatch Grants
The Groundmatch Scheme provides easy-to-access grant funding for capital projects which contribute to the recruitment and retention of community rugby players.
Wooden Spoon: The Children’s Charity for Rugby
Their main beneficiaries are under 25 years of age and disadvantaged by way of physical or mental disability or social deprivation – or any combination of the three. Please ensure you read the Wooden Spoon project criteria before applying.
Interest Free Loans
Rugby Football Foundation’s Interest Free Loan scheme provides up to £100,000 in an interest free loan to capital works to clubs at level 4 and below.
http://www.englandrugby.com/
Great Britain Wheelchair Rugby
http://gbwr.org.uk/
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12267
|
__label__wiki
| 0.656957
| 0.656957
|
Swift Codes
Online Swift Codes Information
OPHIR ASSET MANAGEMENT SWIFT Code, SYDNEY
Home » Australia
Details information of OPHIR ASSET MANAGEMENT in SYDNEY, Australia
OPANAU21
Bank OPHIR ASSET MANAGEMENT
Address 275 GEORGE STREET, NEW SOUTH WALES, FLOOR 5
City SYDNEY
Swift Code Breakdown
Bank Code
Passive Code
Maps and Direction of OPHIR ASSET MANAGEMENT in SYDNEY, Australia
Swift code or also commonly known as BIC Code is a standard format to uniquely identify a bank, financial institution and non-financial institution. This standard approved by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). BIC stands for Business Identifier Codes.
The codes are widely used when transferring money between banks, particularly for international wire transfers or telegraphic transfer. Other uses include to transmit messages between financial institutions and banks.
The Swift code can be either 8 or 11 characters long, and 8 digits code refers to the primary office. The code consists of 4 separate section, and the format arrange in the following manner;
The first 4 characters ("AAAA") specify the institution. Only letters.
The next 2 characters ("BB") specify the country where the instituions located. The code follows the format of ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.
The next 2 characters ("CC") specify the instiution's location. Can be letters and digits. Passive participants will have "1" in the second character,
The last 3 characters ("DDD") specify the institution's branch. This section is an optional. A 'XXX' refers to a primary office. Can be letters and digits.
There are 2 types of Swift Codes, namely Live & Passive Codes. The Live Codes are for institutions who are actively connected to the Swift Network while Passive Codes are used for manual transactions.
Swift Code registrations and management are the responsibility of "Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication" (“SWIFT”) which is located in La Hulpe, Belgium.
SWIFT is the registered trademarks of S.W.I.F.T. SCRL with a registered address at Avenue Adèle 1, B-1310 La Hulpe, Belgium.
Letter Q
Letter U
Letter V
Letter Y
Letter Z
Swift Code API
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12270
|
__label__wiki
| 0.608671
| 0.608671
|
Team Liquid is one of the largest esports brands in the West. Our players compete at the highest level in StarCraft 2, League of Legends, Dota 2, Hearthstone, CS:GO, Street Fighter, Smash, Fortnite, Rainbow Six, Quake and PUBG. Follow our news coverage as our players participate in tournaments around the world.
Liquid In The News
Liquid Holiday Wishlists: Steve and Victor
Liquid LoL: Welcome Dodo as assistant coach
Welcome Clash Royale's CMcHugh to Team Liquid
Heroes Update: Blumbi & Darkmok Released
Page: 1 10 20 30 40 50 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 80 85
Hearthstone Neirea's Dreamhack Chodown Neirea had one particular match at Dreamhack that bares revisiting. In his match against Dog Lorewalker Cho made an appearance and sent the game down a strange path.
G2A Pick of the Week: Far Cry 3: Blood Dragon Every week, Team Liquid will supply you with their pick for the G2A Game of the Week, which you can buy at an extremely discounted rate thanks to the G2A Weekly Sale. This week, we’ve chosen the absolute blast from the past, Far Cry 3: Blood Dragon.
StarCraft 2 Bunny and TLO in WCS Premier Final Day Bunny and TLO made big comebacks on day two of the WCS finals to earn their Ro8 placements, while Ret came up short. On the final day, can our blue-clad heroes go all the way in a stacked field?
StarCraft 2 Liquid in the WCS Premier Ro16 Bunny, TLO, and Ret take on day one of the WCS Season 2 Finals in Toronto, Canada. The groups are hard, but hey, they're always hard. Can the blue team make their mark on WCS once again?
League of Legends Battle Report: Week 4 NA LCS After ending with a 5W-3L record, going 0-2 in Week 4 of the NA LCS, Team Liquid have a lot to reflect on. We knew we were entering the toughest part of our schedule, but the losses add a salty aftertaste knowing wins were very possible. TL held leads and made turns that could have resulted in victories, but the calls made were questionable and gives us something to look back on.
G2A Pick of the Week: ME Shadow of Mordor Every week, Team Liquid will supply you with their pick for the G2A Game of the Week, which you can buy at an extremely discounted rate thanks to the G2A Weekly Sale. This week, we’ve chosen the epic Lord of the Rings RPG, [i]Middle Earth: Shadows of Mordor - Game of the year edition.[/i]
League of Legends Team Razer 1v1 Road to Glory Perhaps you’ve been lucky enough to experience this scenario, one so often only spoken about with the hushed, reverent tones typically reserved for myths and legends: you are decimating your opponent in mid and are feeling pretty satisfied with your odds of winning your promos.
League of Legends Rebirth | Episode 8 In the season premiere of Rebirth we follow Team Liquid's captain, Christian "IWillDominate" Rivera during the first three weeks of LCS.
Hearthstone Savjz Dreamhack Summer 2015 Recap I spent last weekend battling at Dreamhack and wrote a short recap of my tournament run. I've also touched on the decks and why I chose them before the event.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12280
|
__label__wiki
| 0.887178
| 0.887178
|
Deus Ex: Mankind Divided to also support DirectX 12 on PC at launch
Thread starter Scorpus
Scorpus
TechSpot Staff
Earlier this week we heard that Gears of War: Ultimate Edition would be one of the first games to launch on PC with DirectX 12 support. However it's not the only game coming to PC in the near future to support the API: Deus Ex: Mankind Divided, another hotly anticipated title, will also support DirectX 12 at launch.
Mankind Divided is the first game to use the Dawn Engine, Eidos Montreal's new game engine that's been built to fully support the power of PCs and current-generation consoles. The Dawn Engine provides excellent graphical fidelity, next-generation lighting, and of course, DirectX 12 support for PCs running Windows 10.
While it has already been revealed that Mankind Divided would support DirectX 12 at some point, AMD's Richard Huddy confirmed in an interview with TweakTown that DirectX 12 support will be available from day one. There will also be an in-game benchmark available that will be great for testing the performance differences between DX11 and DX12.
Mankind Divided will be an "AMD title" and as such will fall under the company's Gaming Evolved program. The game will include some AMD effects such as TressFX Hair 3.0, although Nvidia users shouldn't worry too much as these effects tend to work well on both AMD and Nvidia hardware.
Deus Ex: Mankind Divided will launch on PC, Xbox One and PS4 on February 23, 2016 as a sequel to 2011's well-received Deus Ex: Human Revolution. It's set to be one of the bigger launches in the first half of next year, and knowing the game will support DirectX 12 at launch, PC gamers will definitely want to check it out.
Permalink to story.
https://www.techspot.com/news/62139-deus-ex-mankind-divided-directx-12.html
Puiu
With so many of the modern engines supporting DX12 out of the box it's not hard to see that most new PC titles will include dx12 support at launch or with an update.
Evernessince
Now if only DirectX 12 wasn't a windows 10 exclusive. If the performance gain is decent, might have to create a dual boot system having windows 10 just for games.
Reactions: treetops
Evernessince said:
I am considering buying a 120 gig sd for windows 10 via dual boot.
Reactions: Evernessince
midian182 replied
theruck replied
noel24 replied
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12282
|
__label__wiki
| 0.812995
| 0.812995
|
teiss Website
teissLondon2020
Buy Your Tickets Now
Have over 500 employees?
Holly Grace Williams
https://www.secarma.com/
Holly Grace Williams has thirteen years of experience in leading information security teams. Her early career was spent in the military working in roles such as Site Security Officer, although she now works with a wide range of organisations. She holds a Master’s degree (MSc) in Information Security from Cardiff University.
Lyonsdown Ltd., 29 Hendon Lane, London, N3 1RT, 020 8349 4363 marketing@business-reporter.co.uk
We use cookies to provide statistics that help us give you the best experience of our site. By continuing to use the site, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Find out more.
Copyright © Lyonsdown Ltd. 2018. All rights reserved. TEISS® is a registered trademark of Lyonsdown Limited.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12285
|
__label__wiki
| 0.752515
| 0.752515
|
PA Prep Live
Man locked up for sex with 14-year-old
MARGARET GIBBONS
Henry Reaves, 41, of Walnut Street, pleaded guilty last week to statutory sexual assault and giving beer to a minor last summer in the borough.
Montgomery County Judge William T. Nicholas, accepting a plea agreement negotiated on Reaves' behalf by prosecutor Richard DeSipio and defense attorney John Gradel, sentenced Reaves to 11 1/2 to 23 months in the county prison, with a two-year probationary period to begin after his parole is completed.
The prison sentence was made retroactive to Sept. 7, when Reaves was first incarcerated.
The incident, which involved a 14-year-old girl, took place on the night of July 28 and into the early morning hours of July 29.
The girl and other juveniles met Reaves around 9 p.m. at the A-Plus convenience store at West Main Street and Haws Avenue. Reaves went across the street to Papa Guido's pizza shop and purchased two bottles of beer before the group moved on to a church parking lot in the 800 block of Haws Avenue, according to court records.
Reaves offered some beer to the girl, which she drank, court records say. The pair then went off to a nearby alley, where they had sex, according to the criminal complaint.
The two left the group, first going to Eisenhower Middle School, where the girl again had beer provided by Reaves, and then to the Elmwood Park Zoo.
At the zoo, the two entered a building near the volleyball courts, finding beer in the refrigerator. After drinking some of that beer, the two again had sex, court records show.
Reaves then walked the girl home at about 5 a.m., according to the criminal complaint.
Under state law, an adult is barred from having sex with anyone under the age of 18 even if that sex is consensual. The state has ruled that a person under 18 does not have the capability to consent to sex.
Chandler Parsons 'seriously injured' in car accident
RM LAW Announces Class Action Lawsuit Against Mattel, Inc.
Couple enlists shelter dogs for wedding ceremony
Centre Square Commons Shopping Center sells for $40M
Glantz: A 'Rush' of memories
Montgomery County Recovery Community Center opens in Norristown
Farewell to local icon: Hank Cisco remembered for his love of bringing people together
Wind-whipped fire races through Whitemarsh apartment complex
Traffic reminder: Markley Street project to begin
Route 422 lane closures planned next week
Firefighter for Chesco, Montco companies charged with sex assault of 14-year-old boy
Norristown council sends condolences on the death of Frank 'Hank Cisco' Ciaccio
Two area Pier 1 Imports stores confirm they will close, one confirms it will stay open
Daily Local News
Delaware County Daily Times
Kennett Paper
Berks Mont Newspapers
Trentonian
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12289
|
__label__wiki
| 0.598927
| 0.598927
|
Zimbabwe: Celebrating Nipsey, Embracing Eritrea
TesfaNews April 19, 2019 | 2,159 | | Eritrea, Ermias Asghedom, Nipsey Hussle
Long Live Ermias Joseph Asghedom, Long Live Eritrea, Long Live Zimbabwe. (Photo: David Crotty / Patrick McMullan via Getty Images)
BY OBI EGBUNA JNR SIMUNYE | THE HERALD
As the mighty people and nation of Zimbabwe are in the middle of celebrating their 39th year of independence and territorial integrity, the African Diaspora is being moved by the recent loss of one of Mother Africa’s glorious sons Ermias Joseph Asghedom, better known as Nipsey Hussle.
What comes as no surprise is watching how the US-EU imperialist media apparatus has downplayed the Eritrean bloodline and heritage of Ermias.
Those familiar with Ermias’ story are well aware that he attributed his genuine and organic transformation from a member of the Rollin 60s Neighbourhood Crips to a grassroots community organiser and social entrepreneur to the three months he spent in Eritrea when he was 19-years-old.
Because so many Diasporan-born Africans will never have the opportunity to set foot on our mother continent, if they are to embrace their African fighting spirit, they would have to take the approach of the Honourable Marcus Mosiah Garvey who never touched African soil, but is largely responsible for millions of Africans born in the Diaspora loving Mother Africa as much as we love our biological parents.
For those of us born in the Diaspora, the African cultural and historical reclamation movement is as pivotal for us as the land reclamation movement was for Zimbabwe.
When we gain quality exposure to our true history and culture, we gain the same level of dignity and redemption, that Zimbabweans did when they knocked on the doors of 4 500 commercial farmers of British/Rhodesian ancestry for the purpose of informing them that the land their ancestors had stolen was being reclaimed by its rightful owners.
As this generation of African youth appear to be moved by the loss of Brother Ermias, the way the 90s generation made the hip hop icon and Hollywood actor Tupac Shakur, we urge to start by acknowledging his African name as opposed to referring him by his stage and entertainment moniker.
If the loss of Brother Ermias results in this generation connecting with the people of Eritrea, this would send even more shockwaves through the halls of the White House, or the US Senate and Congress than either the Watts rebellions in the 1960s or the Rodney King rebellions in the 1990s.
Because Tupac Shakur was a product of a faction of the Black Panther Party who went on to become part of the New Afrikan trinity, which is made up of the Provisional Government of the Republic of New Afrika, New Afrikan Peoples Organisation and the Malcolm X Grass Roots movement, it is of paramount importance to from now on connect Brother Ermias to the Eritrean Revolution.
The New Afrikan sector chose to put both ideological and methodological emphasis on US born Africans, needing to be granted control and ownership of five southern states Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, Georgia and Texas, which explains why Tupac felt so comfortable expressing that he did not have a desire to repatriate to Mother Africa and putting what he felt was a positive spin on the word nigger.
The people of Zimbabwe, Malawi, Namibia, Mozambique, Zambia, Tanzania, Burkina Faso and of course Ghana, which was the launching pad of Africa’s cultural revolution, can all share the power of no longer having to utter the words Gold Coast, British Tanganyika, British Nyasaland, Portuguese East Africa, Southwest Africa, Northern and Southern Rhodesia and Upper Volta.
To continue to refer to Brother Ermias as Nipsey is the equivalent of still calling Brother Malcolm; Detroit Red, calling Muhammad Ali; Cassius Clay, or calling Kwame Ture; Stokely Carmichael.
We are extremely thankful to his loving parents, who made sure Brother Ermias was not born with a name that represented the tradition of captivity and colonialism.
An additional nod and salute should go to the beautiful mother of Brother Ermias, Sister Angelique Smith, who could have raised hell pounded the pavement, and insisted that Brother Ermias not have an African name because he was born in Los Angeles further strengthening the self-hating narrative that Africa is our past, not our present or future.
Many of those in the community of Watts who claim Brother Ermias in the manner Harlem claim Adam Clayton Powell Jnr, who are devout Christians made a connection to Brother Ermias being murdered at the age of 33, which according to the Bible was the same age Jesus Christ was sacrificed.
It would come as no surprise that the Eritrean side of Brother Ermias’ family reminds us that 33 percent of the guerrilla fighters in the Eritrean revolution were women, which remains the highest level of women’s participation in an armed struggle in modern history.
Those activists in the hip hop world like Mysonne and Chi Ali must be informed that while Brother Ermias was without question a crusader in the fight against gun violence and the blue collar crime wave, he was undeniably a product of a people who waged Mother Africa’s longest protracted armed struggle for national liberation.
There is even further proof of this when it comes to the evolution of Brother Ermias, which was on display when he was part of the We Are The World for Haiti musical project in 2010, which was a remake of the song written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Ritchie in the 1980s.
It was the revolutionary history of Eritrea that moved Brother Ermias, to stand up for Haiti who just like Zimbabwe, took up arms and changed the course of history for many years to come.
During the home going proceedings for Brother Ermias, one of closest affiliates in the hip hop community Snoop Dogg, spoke of their friendship which developed into mutual brotherhood.
It would be powerful to see Snoop Dogg take the youth in his football league to Eritrea in honour of his fallen brother.
Those who were involved with the efforts Brother Ermias to promote STEM awareness in the field of education, can in his honour develop ties to Eritrea through cultural exchange programmes.
One of the missing ingredients from the anti-gun violence movement in our community is the failure to strengthen ties with the African cultural and historical reclamation movement, which will change not only the actions of our youth, but more importantly their critical thinking.
This must be addressed, especially since US Imperialism is using STEM education to strengthen Homeland Security at all levels.
We see how the enemy keeps highlighting that the day after his demise, Brother Ermias was supposed to sit down with the Los Angeles Police Department, which is a strategic ritual for anti-gun violence organisers.
Because of his Eritrean background, Brother Ermias would have eventually saw the correlation between the treachery and barbarism of the LAPD and USEU imperialism obsession with policing the planet, especially Mother Africa.
This made Brother Ermias even more dangerous than former NFL quarterback Colin Kapernick who challenged police terrorism inside US borders, but opted not to target US Africa and Foreign Policy.
The declaration of peace between Eritrea and Ethiopia established last year, inspired Brother Ermias in the fight to end the genocidal rift between the Bloods and Crips in Los Angeles.
The mighty people of Eritrea mainly the generation of Brother Ermias go to see the shackle of imperialist sanctions lifted off of his beloved Eritrea, we pray, fight and put our lives on the line so Zimbabweans can share that same experience.
Long Live Ermias Joseph Asghedom, Long Live Eritrea, Long Live Zimbabwe.
Obi Egbuna Jr is the US Correspondent to The Herald and External Relations Officer of ZICUFA (Zimbabwe Cuba Friendship Association) his email is [email protected]
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12291
|
__label__cc
| 0.682276
| 0.317724
|
Education Principles
Morpeth Education Partnership
Subject Access Reviews
Governance Recruitment
Key Governing Documents
Meet Our Academy Councillors
Shape Shape
We have many amazing people working here. People who are knowledgeable, passionate and committed. Some people spend their career with us, some because they’ve found their niche, others are with us because of the opportunities to grow and develop. We want great people working for us. To get the best, we will always offer the best in terms of employment and opportunity. Diversity and inclusion are important to us - we are all individual and shaped by our personal characteristics, backgrounds, knowledge, skills and experience. We believe we provide a great place to work.
We regard the following as the five most important attributes to look to for when building our world-class team: talent; passion: attitude; aptitude: and fortitude.
If you have a Gmail account:
Open the Application document
Click 'Sign in' at the top right of the page
Go to File > Make a copy
Complete the application form in the Google Doc
Without a Gmail account:
Go to File > Download as > Microsoft Word
Complete the application form in Microsoft Word
Teacher of History (MPS)
The King Edward VI School, Morpeth NE61 1DN
(13-19 High School, Headteacher: Ms Clare Savage)
Part of The Three Rivers Learning Trust Ltd
We are looking to appoint an enthusiastic and committed teacher from September 2020. This will be a full time role. The post would suit an NQT or a more experienced colleague. We have a thriving history department with a very large uptake at both GCSE and A Level. The successful applicant will be able to teach History across the full age and ability range up to Key Stage 5.
This role will provide significant professional development, academic challenge and the opportunity to work within a vibrant learning community.
In May 2014 Ofsted judged the school to be outstanding in all categories. As a designated teaching school, we provide high-quality professional development, supporting induction, teaching, leadership and wellbeing.
Our school is committed to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children and young people and expects all staff to share this commitment. An enhanced DBS disclosure will be required for the successful candidate.
Please visit the school’s website for further details about KEVI (kevi.the3rivers.net).
Closing date: 12 noon on 3 February 2020
Click here to access the job description and person specification.
Click here to find out more about the History department.
Click here to access the recruitment pack.
Lunch-Time Supervisor
Dr Thomlinson CE Middle School, Rothbury
(9-13 years Middle School, Headteacher: Liam Murtagh)
5.50 hours per week, every school day 11.55 - 13.05
Pay: £9.36 per hour
Please send applications to Maureen Donkin at Dr Thomlinson CE Middle School, email: maureen.donkin@dtms@the3rivers.net
For further information about Dr Thomlinson CE Middle School visit the school website (drthomlinson.the3rivers.net).
Start date: January 2020 / ASAP
12.5 hours per week, every school day 3.30 – 6.00pm.
Term time only + additional 22.5 hrs split over 3 x school holidays.
Pay starting at £5350 per year.
Closing date: 24 January 2020 12 at 12 noon
Start date: 3 February 2020
School Direct Teacher Training Primary and Secondary Vacancies
The Three Rivers Teaching School Alliance has developed a strong network of schools to deliver a dynamic School Direct teacher training programme.
Our Alliance is led by the The King Edward VI School based in Morpeth approximately 20 minutes north of Newcastle upon Tyne. We are an outstanding school and have a rich history and a longstanding reputation for academic excellence, and continue to be a central part of the local and regional community.
“Teachers are highly skilled and enthusiastic; they are relentless in their drive to help students to achieve their very best.” OFSTED 2014
You would become part of this long established partnership of schools that work closely together to share good practice and learn from each other. We believe passionately in the school based route into teaching and are dedicated to using our knowledge, skills and expertise to train the next generation of teachers. We are fortunate to be able to offer a wide variety of host schools. In our schools trainees feel valued and supported. They have access to a high quality training programme and engage in a wide variety of experiences. Each trainee is assigned a mentor, an expert teacher carefully selected for their ability to develop the practice of new entrants to the profession, allowing them to fulfil their potential to become outstanding practitioners.
Applications can only be made through the UCAS website. Prospective trainees need to register for the application process. Once you have registered and received your personal ID number, you will need to complete an online application.
More information can be found on our website
We want great people working for us. To get the best, we will always offer the best in terms of employment and opportunity. Diversity and inclusion are important to us - we are all individual and shaped by our personal characteristics, backgrounds, knowledge, skills and experience. We believe we provide a great place to work.
The Three Rivers Learning Trust
Cottingwood Lane
NE61 1DN
T: +44 (0) 1670 515415 E: info@the3rivers.net
© 2020 - The Three Rivers Learning Trust
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12294
|
__label__wiki
| 0.530326
| 0.530326
|
Home / BUSINESS & DEVELOPMENT / Young Ghanaian innovator shows Africa’s future lies in its talented youth
Inspired by global technology success stories, Mustapha Diyaol Haqq, a 19-year-old from Kumasi in Ghana, realised he too could deliver innovation where it was most needed / Photo: AMA
Young Ghanaian innovator shows Africa’s future lies in its talented youth
Self-taught coder develops model for diagnosing breast cancer; looks to solve some of the continent’s biggest challenges and inspires youth across the continent as Africa Code Week Youth Ambassador for 2019.
“It takes a village to raise a child”: as the Fourth Industrial Revolution sweeps across Africa and more of its youth develop coding and other digital skills, there may come a time to update this old saying to: “It takes one child to raise the prospects of a village.”
And based on the quest of one young man from a village in Ghana to solve some of the major problems faced by his community, this saying could become commonplace as more young innovators enter the fray.
Inspired by global technology success stories, Mustapha Diyaol Haqq, a 19-year-old from Kumasi in Ghana, realised he too could deliver innovation where it was most needed, starting with his very home town. “Seeing how the big tech companies used innovation to solve some of the world’s biggest problems made me realise how important it is to learn to code,” says Haqq. “I looked online for any free courses that could help me develop coding skills and completed as many as I could.”
Despite being self-taught, Haqq was able to develop a potentially life-saving solution for women across the continent. “I used my knowledge of coding and machine learning to develop a model for diagnosing breast cancer, which I hope to release freely to communities across Africa,” says Haqq.
Also high on his agenda, hunger and food security which he sees as two of the biggest challenges faced by the continent’s rapidly growing population.
One of Haqq’s biggest challenges when learning to code was accessing the internet. “We don’t have a good internet connection where we live, so I had to walk kilometres to an internet café where I could access free online coding courses / Photo: AMA
“Africa relies heavily on smallholder farmers to meet its food production needs. However, much of the produce from farms is spoilt before it reaches the markets in the cities. I’m currently working on a machine learning and AI model that can help reduce post-harvest losses and ensure the work our farmers do translate into food security for our communities.”
Connectivity challenges remain limiting
One of Haqq’s biggest challenges when learning to code was accessing the internet. “We don’t have a good internet connection where we live, so I had to walk kilometres to an internet café where I could access free online coding courses. Internet access is expensive but, thanks to the generous support of my parents, who made some sacrifices to give me a chance to complete a few online courses, I built sufficient coding skills to start developing solutions to some of the problems affecting our community.”
Ghana suffers from poor internet penetration, with only 14% of the population having access to the internet. Despite this, the Ghanaian government has set out an ambitious plan to position the country as a leader in ICT innovation in the sub-Saharan Africa region by 2023. Young innovators such as Haqq will undoubtedly play a crucial role in achieving the government’s ambitions and inspiring more youth to pursue careers in tech.
Haqq says internet access is also the single biggest obstacle to greater adoption of coding among African youth. “Our continent does not enjoy the fixed-line infrastructure of our more developed peers, and mobile internet can be expensive. For me to afford the internet cafes where I learned to code, my parents had to make sacrifices. Global companies can play an invaluable support role by investing in providing internet access to our communities to support us as we get ready for a digital future.”
One of the initiatives working to address digital literacy in Ghana is SAP’s Africa Code Week, an annual, continent-wide digital literacy programme that has engaged over 4.1 million youth in 37 African countries since 2015.
Mustapha lighting a coding fire among Africa’s youth as Youth Ambassador for Africa Code Week 2019 / Photo: AMA
“I participated in Africa Code Week as an opportunity to share my knowledge with young people in my community and inspire more youngsters to learn one of the most important languages of our time: coding,” says Haqq. “I am also a volunteer and instructor for Ghana Code Club, and with the help of some friends we have established coding clubs in several communities, where we spend our free time and weekends teaching both kids and adults to code. Being appointed Youth Ambassador for ACW 2019 is a dream come true, and a unique opportunity to inspire change on a global platform, encouraging young talents across the continent to learn digital skills and code the change they want to see in their community.”
SAP, UNESCO and over 130 partners from the public, private and non-profit sectors are currently gearing up to introduce coding skills to 1.5 million youth across 37 countries in October 2019.
According to Claire Gillissen-Duval, Director of EMEA Corporate Social Responsibility and Africa Code Week Global Lead at SAP, this 2019 edition will feature a strong focus on empowering girls and building teaching capacity at the community level, hence the importance of role models like Mustapha.
“We are extremely proud and honoured to welcome Mustapha as our Youth Ambassador for ACW 2019. He overcame major challenges and his amazing journey has the power to inspire many. As a young innovator and change maker, his mentorship and guidance will be crucial as we strive to empower an entire generation and strengthen teaching capacity in ICT education among African communities.”
Stay tuned for #ACW2019 taking place in October across 37 countries. For more information visit www.africacodeweek.org
Article distributed by African Media Agency (AMA) on behalf of SAP Africa.
Previous New book on how colonisation drives today’s African migration to Europe
Next Noel Yengong showcases Africa at Europe’s biggest men’s fashion exhibition
Germany becomes ‘the brothel of Europe’ for trafficked Nigerian women
EU targets fragile West African fish stocks despite protection laws
African scholars take stock of African knowledge decolonisation in Nairobi
The international fair for Crafts Fair, Design, Natural Goods and Fair Trade Products takes place …
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12295
|
__label__wiki
| 0.981946
| 0.981946
|
Liberals push for FOI laws watchdog
By David Rood
FREEDOM of information laws would be policed by an independent watchdog, under an Opposition plan.
Opposition Leader Ted Baillieu said he would appoint a freedom of information commissioner should he win next year's state election.
Mr Baillieu said the FOI changes would end the era of politicians pressuring public servants to deny requests. ''Labor has erected a culture of secrecy designed to explicitly suppress information, which may be harmful to the government,'' he said yesterday.
The overhaul to the laws is similar to the FOI policy Mr Baillieu took to the 2006 Victorian election.
Deputy Premier and Attorney-General Rob Hulls said the Opposition had simply regurgitated old policy and he accused Mr Baillieu of hypocrisy for blocking Labor's proposed FOI changes.
Mr Baillieu's FOI commissioner's office is budgeted to cost $2 million a year and will report to parliament.
In his plan, the first stage of reviews of FOI decisions, carried out now by the government department or authority to which the request is made, will be done by the commissioner.
The 45-day limit to respond to requests would stay. There were more than 25,000 FOI requests in the past financial year.
Mr Hulls said: ''I'm not going to take advice from a bloke on issue of probity and the like who still refuses, as Leader of the Opposition, to put his very large share portfolio into a blind trust.''
Mr Baillieu said he had complied completely with disclosure requirements about his shareholdings.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12296
|
__label__wiki
| 0.801761
| 0.801761
|
Greenfield Fire Rescue is using new technology to alert motorists they're on the road
By: Shaun Gallagher
A local fire department is using new technology to alert motorists they're on the road.
Greenfield Fire Rescue is having Haas Alert systems installed on their eight vehicles. The small black box connects with the Waze App to alert drivers of an emergency situation. As soon as they flip on the lights, it sends out a notification.
"Call it 10 to 20 seconds before they're at that same location," Jeremy Agulnek, Vice President of Connected Car at Haas Alert said. "They can pay attention sooner and make safer and smarter driving decisions."
Historic Waukesha Mansion At Catholic Memorial High School May Be Demolished
Agulnek says there are roughly 60,000 crashes per year between motorists and first responder vehicles. In 2015, Greenfield was one of those statistics after a vehicle crashed into an emergency response vehicle on the freeway.
"Ever since then and before then even, we've been trying to enhance responder safety to prevent secondary crashes and this is an enhancement to that," Chief Jon Cohn said. "People aren't moving over. Sirens are drowned out. We need to find new technologies that are going to enhance and make it safer for drivers and our members to respond safely."
Cohn hopes it leads to positive response times as well. His hope is more people will be aware they're on the road to a scene and will get out of the way. So not only will the Haas Alert keep his firefighters and other motorists safe, but it will help them get to emergencies quicker.
"It's really the full aspect of improvement," Cohn said. "We can have a less stressful drive because drivers are notified. Hopefully, drivers can have a less stressful drive because they might get a warning an emergency vehicle is approaching."
"Unfortunately, with mobile phone technology, the level of distraction has increased over the years," Agulnek said. "You talk to any firefighter, any fire department or policeman, the lights can't get bright enough and sirens can't get loud enough to get the attention of the distracted drivers."
Haas Alerts are only seen through the Waze App right now but Agulnek says they are installed in 50 departments across the country. They hope to join more platforms and even become a standard feature in most cars in the future.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12297
|
__label__wiki
| 0.786419
| 0.786419
|
New York man suffers severe injury in fireworks explosion in Central Park
Police officials believe a homemade firework likely caused a blast in New York City's Central Park that seriously injured a man who stepped on it.
#BREAKING : man suffers severe leg injury in explosion in #CentralPark . Unclear what happened. #anc7ny pic.twitter.com/AiYfka2C5j
— Josh Einiger (@JoshEiniger7) July 3, 2016
The commanding officer of the New York Police Department's bomb squad tells reporters Sunday there's no indication it was made to harm people.
Mark Torre likened the explosive to an experiment that an enthusiast with a rudimentary understanding of chemistry could build from household materials.
Investigators don't believe the injured 19-year-old or his friends took part in constructing the explosive. They're asking anyone with information to come forward.
Officials say the injured man is undergoing surgery on his left foot at a hospital. He's in stable condition.
They say police dogs are canvassing the park for possible explosives.
The NYPD's bomb squad and police were investigating the circumstances of the explosion. Mayor Bill de Blasio sent out a tweet reminding people to stay safe around fireworks.
"Fireworks are fun — but let's leave them to the professionals," the mayor tweeted.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12298
|
__label__cc
| 0.695774
| 0.304226
|
Lessons Learned from 75 BAMP Cases – Part III of Our Series on Management of Class III Malocclusion using Bone Anchors
Because the plates are designed to flex, excessive force can cause failure.
BY TUNG T. NGUYEN, DMD, MS
In two previous posts (BAMP Part I and BAMP Part II), we have:
Outlined the research that supports the use of bone-anchored Maxillary Protraction (BAMP) for the treatment of skeletal Class III relationships in growing patients, and
Described the Clinical Technique.
The purpose of this post is to share practical information learned from our clinical care of patients. Failures are rarely discussed at meeting or in publications, yet we often learn more from our failures than from our successes. It is these failures that keep us humble and allows us to grow as clinicians.
The following article will highlight some of the potential complications encountered in the BAMP treatment and summarize our current philosophy on the use of BAMP.
Expect some failures
When we started using the BAMP protocol in 2005, our 6-month plate failure rate was 30-35%. The maxillary plates tended to fail more than the mandibular plates, primarily due to bone thickness and quality. With surgical refinements such as the use of pilot holes in the maxilla, the use of the Y-shape plates, localized CBCT to assess infrazygomatic crest bone thickness, and in some cases delaying treatment for a year or more, our plate failure rate has decreased to 10-15%.
Our first instinct upon encountering a loose plate is to send the patient back to the surgeon and have it replaced. While experience has shown that replaced plates tend to be more stable due to callus formation at the surgical site, re-operating carries an additional financial cost, as well as psychological anxiety to the patients and doubt from the parents that the procedure might not work. If the plate is loose at 4 weeks post-op, test it by taking a ligature director or scaler and pushing on the plate in a distal direction. Our experience has shown that plates with up to 2mm of mobility have a chance of healing. Load these plates with ¾” 2oz elastics. The light forces will help promote boney remodeling and healing around the surgical site. If the patient cannot tolerate the light elastics, bond a button to the closest tooth and secure the anchor to the button with a ligature tie and recall in 6-8 weeks. This ligature helps to limit the mobility of the loose plate and allows the site to heal. Typically, the mobility of the plate will decrease, and you can start traction force with a ¼” 2oz elastic and progress to stronger elastics at 6-week intervals. Bone plates tend to fail more under the following conditions:
The head of the plate emerges adjacent to the frenum – mobility of the frenum can lead to mobility of the plate and eventual failure.
The head of the plate emerges in non-keratinized tissue – this, in combination with poor hygiene, could lead to an infection.
Trauma to the plate – patients involved in contact sports such as basketball, soccer, or wrestling can experience direct trauma to the plates. The mandibular plates tend to be more affected than the maxillary plates.
Avoid excessive forces.
we often have the mindset that if 250g of force is good for orthopedic traction, then 500g is better. After all, reverse pull face masks are often loaded with 500-800g of force. The reality is that heavy forces are often detrimental with BAMP cases. The plates are designed to flex a little to adapt to shape changes that occur with growth of the zygoma and maxilla – and therefore the plates can only resist 400-500 of force. We have seen plate breakage when they are loaded with 500g or more. Orthopedic traction is not correlated most closely to the magnitude of the force, but rather to continuous force application. Based on our experience, we can obtain effective orthopedic maxillary protraction with only 250g of force connecting two bone plates (i.e. 250g of force per side).
Class III growth is unpredictable. Maintaining plates for retention until third molar removal improves stability.
Retain until cessation of growth
When we started the BAMP protocol in 2005, we would remove the plates after 1 year of treatment or when adequate positive overjet was obtained. The rational for removal at this time was that bone would occasionally grow over the head of the screws making removal difficult. However, we neglected an important concept. Class III mandibular prognathic patients tend to have mandibular growth into late adolescence.1 Our current treatment protocol is to overcorrect to 3-4mm overjet. Patients are instructed to wear 250g elastics (2 x ¼” 4oz on each side) elastics at night and are recalled at 6-month intervals. If the overjet is decreasing, patients are instructed to wear elastics full time. In the rare instances that overjet increases, patients are instructed to only wear elastics every other night or decrease the force level to 125g (¼” 4oz). The plates are then removed at 18 year of age in conjunction with 3rd molar extractions to minimize the amount of surgery.
Applications of BAMP
Craniofacial cleft patients often have a Class III skeletal malocclusion. Recent studies have shown that BAMP is effective for protracting the maxilla and restraining mandibular growth in these patients.2-3 While effective maxillary protraction decreases after the age of the 14, our long-term study shows BAMP is still effective at restraining mandibular growth into late adolescence. One of our recent applications is using BAMP in older patients (>14 years of age) to reduce the severity of the surgical movement or reduce the need for 2-jaw surgery.
Our Treatment Philosophy for Class III patients
When Class III malocclusion is detected early, Reverse Pull Headgear (RPHG) has been shown to be effective at reducing the need for orthognathic surgery.4 After 10 years of age, the effects of RPHG are primarily dentoalveolar with a higher relapse rate.5 From age 11-14, BAMP has been shown to be effective at protracting the maxilla and restraining mandibular growth.6-7 After 15 years of age, orthognathic surgery is the treatment of choice, especially if the severity of the malocclusion is large. BAMP can be used to reduce the serverity of the malocclusion and reduce the amount of surgical movement. To Summarize:
6-10 years Protraction facemask
11-14 years BAMP
> 15 years BAMP to limit severity of malocclusion (if willing) and orthognathic surgery
Alexander AE, McNamara JA Jr, Franchi L, Baccetti T. Semilongitudinal cephalometric study of craniofacial growth in untreated Class III malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009 Jun;135(6):700.e1-14.
Yatabe M, Faco R, Garib D, De Clerck H, Nguyen T, Antonio Ruellas A, Cevidanes L. BAMP therapy in unilateral complete cleft lip and palate: a 3D assessment of the maxillary effects. American Journal of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2017;152:327-35.
Yatabe M, Faco R, Garib D, De Clerck H, Nguyen T, Ruellas A, Cevidanes L. Mandibular and glenoid fossa changes after BAMP therapy in patients with UCLP: a 3D preliminary assessment. Angle Orthodontist, 2017;87:423–431.
Anne Mandall, N., Cousley, R., DiBiase, A., Dyer, F., Littlewood, S., Mattick, R., … Worthington, H. (2012). Is early class III protraction facemask treatment effective? A multicentre, randomized, controlled trial: 3-year follow-up. Journal of Orthodontics, 39(3), 176–185.
Wells AP, Sarver DM, Proffit WR. Long-term efficacy of reverse pull headgear therapy. Angle Orthod. 2006 Nov;76(6):915-22.
Nguyen T, Cevidanes LHS, Cornelius MA, Heymann, G, Leonardo K de Paula, De Clerck HJ. 3D Assessment of Maxillary Changes Associated with Bone Anchored Maxillary Protraction. American Journal of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2011;140(6), 790-798.
De Clerck HJ, Nguyen T, Leonardo K de Paula, Cevidanes LHS. Mandibular and Glenoid Fossa Changes in 3D following Bone Anchored Class III Intermaxillary Traction. American Journal of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2012; 142(1), 25-31.
Is Herbst Treatment Stable? New Data with More than 15 Year Follow-up.
BY TATE H. JACKSON & LORNE KOROLUK
Data on the long-term stability of orthodontic treatment is often very difficult to obtain, but a group from Germany has managed to recall 20 Class II, Division 2 adolescent patients – all of whom completed treatment with the Herbst appliance more than 15 years earlier. The patients were selected based on pre-treatment characteristics and treatment protocol, not on treatment outcome.
In this retrospective study, the average age of the patients at the start of treatment was 14.4 years. All patients were nearly full cusp Class II at the molar, had at least two retroclined maxillary incisors (Div.2), and had a deep bite (average OB 5.3mm).
14 of the 20 patients were decompensated (incisors were proclined to allow advancement of the mandible) for an average of 8.6 months before Herbst delivery.
All patients were then treated non-extraction with a Herbst appliance + bonded brackets. The Herbst was advanced to an edge to edge incisor relationship and remained in place for 7.7 +/- 1.7 months. After removal, full fixed appliance therapy continued for a total of 24.9 +/- 6.9 months of overall treatment. Multiple bracket types were used.
At recall, the average patient age was 33.9 +/- 2.7 years. 11 of the 20 patients had no retainers at recall; of the other 9 patients: 8 had a bonded mandibular canine to canine retainer and 1 had a bonded maxillary retainer only.
Results were compared to a historic Class I growth study cohort who had no treatment.
At the end of treatment and at long-term recall, all Class II, Div. 2 patients had a Class I molar relationship with 2mm OJ. The bite deepened from the end of treatment to recall by 1mm.
Compared to the untreated control group, the Class II, Div. 2 patients had less OJ and a lower PAR score at long-term recall, but were otherwise statistically no different.
WHAT THE PROFESSORS THINK
This study falls victim to the same issues as any retrospective study in terms of heterogeneity of the patient pool and treatment, as well as the use of a historic growth study Class I control group – rather than a randomized design.
Importantly, no cephalograms were available at recall, and examiners were not blinded as to whether the casts they examined were from the end of treatment or long-term recall.
Nonetheless, for the practicing orthodontist who is concerned about the stability of the occlusal correction obtained with a Herbst, this study provides one more piece of evidence, based on a relatively-standardized treatment protocol.
The patient population is of particular interest in terms of stability because all of these patients had:
a large Class II, Div. 2 dental discrepancy,
a deep bite,
non-extraction treatment (with some proclination of the mandibular incisors, *we assume),
been out of active treatment for more than 15 years.
Additionally, more than half of the patients had no retainers at recall. So, the results in terms of stability might better reflect “real life” conditions where patients lose retainers over time.
Based on these data, the anterior-posterior correction to Class I was maintained long-term to an acceptable level, as was the overbite and overjet correction.
What’s the bottom line for a clinical orthodontist?
In growing patients with a Class II, Division 2 malocclusion for whom correction to dental Class I is a major priority, Herbst plus fixed appliance treatment can be quite stable into adulthood, even without long-term retention.
This study does not suggest that retention is not needed - nor does it dive into the details of incisor alignment and relapse.
But for those of us who fear a higher risk of anterior-posterior relapse with Herbst treatment because of incisor proclination or posturing of the mandible, this study suggests that might not always be the case in the long-term, at least when it comes to Angle Classification and OJ.
Article Reviewed: Bock NC, et al. Outcome quality and long-term (≥15 years) stability after Class II:2 Herbst-multibracket appliance treatment in comparison to untreated Class I controls. Eur J Orthod. Online early December 2017.
Management of Class III Malocclusion using Bone Anchors: True Orthopedics Part II – Clinical Technique
Bollard Plates with the Y-Design (Center) are recommended.
The following article outlines our protocol for early treatment of Class III malocclusion using Bone Anchored Maxillary Protraction (BAMP). In a future post, we will include more clinical tips and tricks, as well as information on how to handle unusual complications.
Age of the Patient
The typical age for BAMP treatment for a patient who has a Class III skeletal relationship with a component of maxillary retorgnathia is 11-14 years. Broadly stated, the younger the patient, the better the chance for orthopedic protraction of the maxilla and midface. The success of BAMP treatment is primarily dependent on 2 factors:
Quality of the bone at the site of plate placement. Good bone must be available to allow for plate stability.
Cooperation with elastics and good hygiene. If the patient does not wear elastics full time, the true orthopedic effect of this treatment is lost. If the tissue around the plates becomes infected, plate stability can be compromised.
Surgical Management – Placement of the Plates
We recommend the Bollard plate with the Y-Design (center plate in the image below). The Standard (screw holes in-line) design can also be used with success.
The maxillary bone plates are inserted in the infrazygomatic crest, with the plate arm emerging through attached tissue near the maxillary molars. The mandibular bone plates are inserted between the mandibular lateral incisors and canines – again with the intraoral attachment emerging from attached tissue. For the placement of both the maxillary and mandibular plates, a small flap is raised with a design that maintains good blood flow to the tissue. We refer all plate placement to qualified oral and maxillofacial surgeons familiar with the technique and treatment goals.
Ideally 1.5-2.0 mm of cortical plate thickness is needed to ensure both short-term and long-term stability of the plates. For these reasons, we often delay BAMP treatment until the age of 11. In the mandible, extraction of primary canines (M & R) will expedite the eruption of the permanent canine to help provide the inter-radicular space needed for the plates and screws.
If the permanent mandibular canines have not yet erupted, the mandibular plates can still be placed, however. In these special circumstances, we use the maxillary plates with 3 screw holes (in-line, not the Y-Design) and utilize the bottom 2 screws with the most apical hole placed just beneath the lateral incisor root. The plates are placed with a distal angulation – so that the hooks on the plates still emerge into keratinized gingiva in the region just buccal and apical to where the permanent canine crown will erupt.
The screws can either be inserted with the surgeon making small pilot holes or using self-drilling screws. We recommend the use of a pilot hole, as it decreases the mechanical stress on the bone and facilitates faster healing.
Orthopedic Traction
The plates are loaded 3-4 weeks after surgery, if they are stable. We test stability clinically at each plate before loading.
Initial traction is 100g per side for 6 weeks. The patient is instructed to wear the elastics 24/7 and to change the elastics at every meal. Make sure that the patient does not experience sharp or dull nagging pain when wearing the elastics. If the patient experiences sharp pain upon elastic loading, instruct them to discontinue elastic wear immediately. Sharp pain usually indicates plate instability. Stopping traction is most often the best way to allow the plates to re-stabilize.
After 6 weeks of initial loading, the traction force can be increased to 150g per side for an additional 6 weeks. The final loading force is 250g per side about 6 weeks later.
Often, patients who have a Class III skeletal relationship with a deepbite and anterior crossbite require some sort of bite-opening appliance to allow the crossbite to be most efficiently corrected. To accomplish this goal, we place temporary bite turbos on the mandibular first molars, but a retainer with a posterior bite plate is also effective.
Most often, we start BAMP treatment with a full fixed appliance in the lower arch to decompensate the mandibular incisors. Our experience suggests that young patients are more motivated to wear elastics until the anterior crossbite is corrected. By simultaneously decompensating (proclining) the lower incisors with a fixed appliance, we know the true amount of orthopedic correction needed in order to obtain positive overjet with an aligned mandibular arch.
Once positive overjet is obtained, we place full maxillary appliances and continue elastics to overcorrect to ~4mm overjet or ½ cusp Class II. Elastics can then be decreased to only night time wear for retention of the orthopedic improvement until mandibular growth is completed. After debond, the patient is seen every 6 months for growth observation. If the overjet decreases, we increase elastic wear to full time in order to help account for continued Class III mandibular growth. In the rare instances in which the overjet increases, the patient can cut elastic wear to every other night. The plates and screws can often be maintained successfully for several years and then removed in conjunction with 3rd molar extractions, if indicated.
In summary, the clinical protocol is as follows:
Maxillary and Mandibular plate placement
3-4 weeks of plate stabilization without elastics
Elastics:
100g (1/4” 3.5oz) per side at 4 weeks after plate placement
150g (1/4” 6oz) per side 6 weeks later
250g (2 x ¼” 4oz) per side 6 weeks later
Overcorrect to ~4mm overjet with aligned mandibular, and then maxillary, arches
Night time elastics until growth is completed
Plates are removed at the same time as 3rd molar extractions
Altmetrics: Data in the Age of Massive Open Access. What does it mean for a clinical orthodontist?
Example of Altmetric donuts - a visual representation of an article's exposure in popular press and social media. Livas et al 2017
BY TATE H. JACKSON AND CHING CHANG KO
Orthodontic information is everywhere: from traditional publications to open-access web-based outlets to Facebook and Instagram.
Increasingly, we are confronted with a question:
How do we, as practicing Orthodontists with little time, sort through all of these sources and remain evidence-driven practitioners?
A recent publication in the European Journal of Orthodontics offers an interesting perspective and approach.
Livas and Delli used a Web screening tool, Altmetric, to conduct an analysis of the visibility of articles published in eleven Orthodontics Journals in the popular press (e.g. New York Times), social media such as Facebook, and on-line citation managers like Mendely. The authors monitored visibility two time points, January and April of 2017 and reported the top 200 articles referenced, as well as an AAS (Altmetric Attention Score – range 1-199) for each article. The full list of the top 200 articles is here.
AAS serves as a measure of digital attention. In other words, how visible was the journal article in our web-based world - in the popular press and social media? A score of 1 indicates low visibility, while 199 indicates very high visibility.
Just three journals contributed 86% of the papers referenced digitally. The most popular articles were classified as “original research” and fell into the categories of “evaluation of treatment outcomes”, “growth”, “side-effects”, and “quality of life”. There was no association of visibility, as judged by AAS, with publication date or authorship.
What was the singular most “popular” article? It was a work from 2016 on pain control using a micropulse vibration device, published in the Angle Orthodontist; it received an AAS score of 196 (out of a possible 199).
The authors reported no association between AAS and citations in Scopus, one measure of peer-review scholarly citations, a traditional measure of the impact of research publications.
The authors address an important and very timely topic. The traditional definition of impact factor is a measure of how often an paper is cited by other articles published in peer-reviewed journals. The concept of altmetrics moves outside of the academic sphere and into “real world exposure.”
The idea of almetrics has been around for nearly a decade now, but the recent surge in both the use and validation of social media outlets has re-focused the importance of both “alternative” sources of information and alternative ways to measure the impact of an idea or new knowledge.
Although there are several altmetric web applications, the use of Altmetric in this study appears to be reasonable. Gleaning results from multiple time points was appropriate. The association of AAS with Scopus data was also suitable as a means to compare Altmertic results with a more traditional measure of impact.
Only articles that have a doi (digitial object identifier) can be analyzed by Altmetric, and only a subset of Orthodontic journals were considered, so this investigation has limitations. Its real value is not so much in which articles were captured, but in demonstrating the methodology.
So what do these results really mean for Orthodontists?
Knowing what the popular press tells our patients about Orthodontics matters. That fact is not really new information. What is interesting is that there are simple and free ways to track topics and their exposure to the public. For example, one can download a browser plugin for free and then use it to instantly see if an article you have read has made it into the public domain.
You can investigate or try some of those tools here:
https://www.altmetric.com/
http://altmetrics.org/tools/
For the practicing Orthodontist confronted by new controversies and technologies, it is simply both practical and good practice to have a grasp not just on the best evidence, but also on what is being presented to our patients by way of both traditional and social media.
It is also informative that the most valued articles, as judged by traditional academic metrics, are not necessarily the most widely-read. That fact too may not really be new information. It is information that may continue to find relevance, however, as social media expands and new ways to spread knowledge develop more rapidly .
Article Reviewed: Livas C. & Delli, K. Looking Beyond Traditional Metrics in Orthodontics: An Altmetric Study on the Most Discussed Articles on the Web. Eur J Orthod. 2017.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12303
|
__label__wiki
| 0.614716
| 0.614716
|
Home Reviews Extras Forums
Anime Review Text Editorials Staff Pages
Review Menu
If It's For My Daughter, I'd Even Defeat a Demon Lord
Teasing Master Takagi-San 2
AKA: アーシアン
Genre: Science fiction / drama
Length: OAV series, 4 episodes, 30-45 minutes each
Distributor: R1 DVD from Anime Works / Media Blasters
Content Rating: 15+ (violence, adult themes, brief sexual situations)
Related Series: N/A
Also Recommended: Please Save My Earth
Notes: Based on the manga by Kouga Yun.
Earthian
Since the dawn of time, the angels of planet Eden have watched the planet Earth and its denizens. Now two angels, the compassionate Chihaya and the rough Kagetsuya have been sent to Earth to help judge whether or not the "Earthians" are worthy of continued existence.
The treatment of angels in fiction has always been of particular interest of me. Honestly, just slapping "angel" on the title is often enough to get me to take a look at something. I hadn't heard much about Earthian. Seeing that it was the "Angelic Collection", and the rather classic feathered wing angelic character designs drew me to it. I guess I should be a bit more discriminating, since this OAV series is terrible.
First off, this series has some of the worst pacing I have ever seen. I don't generally like to start out with such a basic slam, but I was constantly struck by how utterly amateurish the pacing was in this work. Everything was erratic with interesting scenes being cut far too short while pointless scenes would seem to stretch on forever. Scene transition was so poorly done and it felt at times as if they had just slapped some scenes footage together and said, "Hey, Watanabe, see if you can string this together into an episode for me, okay?"
Besides the problems with pacing we get rather bizarre choices in the overall plot development over the entire four OAV episodes. Now I understand that this was adapted from a manga and that isn't necessarily a bad thing in of itself, but what possessed the writers and directors to make the choices they did about what to animate? They must have known that had more interesting material to work with since they keep constantly referencing far more interesting events that apparently occurred between the actual episodes here. At times, it just felt like someone had stolen half the episodes. At the beginning of the third episode in particular, an event of MAJOR plot and character implications occurs, but all we get is a brief voice over that barely describes it without answering a number of glaring questions about the nature of the events and the involvement of the main characters with those events. Everything just seemed so disjointed. I couldn't tell if certain plot inconsistencies were from some other mysterious events that they hadn't bothered to show me or if the writers just forgot the rules they set down earlier.
The haphazard way this was all put together is just as visible in the treatment of the show's characters. Various characters appear with little development or background before disappearing never to be seen. Others who are supposed to be major plot points keep meeting mysterious fates that we only get brief explanations about. The main antagonist of the episodes who was supposed to be this brilliant mad scientist type comes off as completely ridiculous. Almost every plot involving him (which was unfortunately three out of the four episodes) had me groaning several times as the utterly contrived elements that seemed to accompany his involvement with the show. The plots for the OAV episodes basically seem taken from a grab bag of standard bad mid-80s science fiction cliches. The second episode, dealing with a "fallen" angel was a bit more interesting and I wished they had done more with that, instead of the portraying world's most generic mad scientist character.
Since they spend all this time doing all the major plot points apparently off-screen, we miss a lot of the key events that are supposed to influence the main characters both are which are fairly bland. First we have Chihaya, who does nothing but angst about his wings being black. Oh wait. He gets kidnapped a lot too. At first they made it seem like his wings were going to link in with some other vaguely explained elements of the plot, but they didn't end up going anywhere really with that. I got sick of hearing him whine and his complete inability to accomplish anything that doesn't involve whining or looking sad. Heck, he starts out the series with a whining letter to the Archangel Michael. I swear EVERY episode he gets beat up and kidnapped by some mean scientists/goons/robots or whatever. His partner, Kagetsuya, was vaguely more interesting but he kept going through these dramatic personality shifts at what seemed like every five intervals. The way they portrayed him in the first episodes versus some of his actions in the last two left me quite befuddled. I could infer some explanations for his behavior, but if the creative team behind this OAV series was doing their job, I shouldn't have to treat characterization like it is some grand puzzle. That is the way I felt about most of the characters in this. A lot of their behavior just seemed a bit too random or abrupt.
While Chihaya doesn't do much but get kidnapped and/or pout (heck, Kagetsuya even does all the cooking), there is a lot of action involved when Kagetsuya decides to get violent. While he isn't particularly that impressive from what might expect of an angel, he does get in a few good fights. Unfortunately all these action scenes (and there are a lot of them) are all terribly animated. I've seen flipbooks that had better frame rates than some of these scenes. We also get lots of speed lines, stock footage, and even stock footage of speed lines. Even adjusting for the age of the title, the animation is noticeably poor.
In the end, I just found I didn't care. I wasn't really getting much real insight into the characters other than realizing that Chihaya is really upset because he's different. The utterly inept pacing killed any real sense of drama or tension from the actual plots of most of the episodes and poor animation made the action scenes boring. I knew I was in trouble in the first episode when I looked up at the clock on my DVD player and it said that only fifteen minutes had passed and all I could think was, "There is still thirty more minutes in this one and three more entire episodes after that!"
Ironically enough, my main point of amusement from Earthian came from whenever the pair showed their wings. You see, for reasons never really clarified, whenever they go into their winged forms, they also go into what I dubbed Super Bishounen Mode. Basically they seem to get a bit prettier and their hair long. Keep in mind these two are "angels from the planet Eden" rather than something of a more supernatural nature. Normally I wouldn't be so petty about something like that, but nothing else in this series was good enough to distract me from such details.
They start out with what sounds like a good premise, two angels who are to help judge Earth, and totally ruin it with awful pacing, uninteresting characters, cliched plots, and bad animation. If you are a big fan of the manga, I guess you got to experience all the actual interesting stories and character development that were only hinted at in the anime, so you'll probably want to add a star. People who find whiny angst fountains particularly irritating might want to subtract a star because of Chihaya. Honestly if it wasn't for the second episode that I actually found somewhat entertaining and which had some actual interesting themes, I probably would have given this one star. — Jeremy A Beard
Recommended Audience: There is a lot of violence and a number of people get shot, stabbed, or otherwise beat up. In the first episode for instance, they keep showing a flash back to a fellow getting impaled and later on we get some people getting a few pieces torn off. I've certainly seen a lot bloodier, but this is hardly kiddy fare. The two main characters in this are homosexual males and they do have a few very brief and not particularly explicit love scenes (which mostly involve kissing in bed). If that sort of thing bothers you'll probably want to stay away from this title. If you are a yaoi fan though you still probably won't want to watch this, go watch Fake or something, it is way better than this anyway. In general, I think this title is safe for older teens and above.
Version(s) Viewed: R1 DVD
Review Status: Full (4/4)
Earthian © 1989 Yun Kouga / Shinshokan / Toshiba EMI
© 1996-2015 THEM Anime Reviews. All rights reserved.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12304
|
__label__wiki
| 0.696073
| 0.696073
|
US marks 9/11 with sombre tributes - in pictures
Donald Trump and First Lady Melania joined an observance at the September 11 memorial in a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania
US President Donald Trump and First Lady Melania Trump arrive at the site of a new memorial in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. AFP
Trump and Melania walk with park superintendent Stephen Clark at the Flight 93 National Memorial. Reuters
Trump and Melania stand together at the start of the 17th annual September 11 observance. Reuters
US Secretary of Defence Jim Mattis speaks during a ceremony at the National 9/11 Pentagon Memorial. AFP
Vice President Mike Pence speaks during the September 11th Pentagon Memorial Observance at the Pentagon. Also on stage are Mattis and Pence's wife, Karen. AP Photo
US Army Reserve Sgt Edwin Morales kneels as he honors his cousin Ruben Correa during the ceremonies at the National 9/11 Memorial and Museum in New York. Reuters
A flower stands along the north pool at the National September 11 Memorial in New York City. AFP
Mourners embrace during a commemoration ceremony for the victims of the September 11 terrorist attacks at the National September 11 Memorial. AFP
A US flag that few over the World Trade Center is presented during the ceremonies in New York. Reuters
New York City Fire Department members stand outside Engine 10 and Ladder 10 firehouse for a moment of silence. AFP
A New York City firefighter stands at attention by a memorial at the side of a firehouse adjacent to One World Trade Center and the 9/11 Memorial site. AP Photo
A guest wipes a tear among names at the edge of the south reflecting pool at the National 9/11 Memorial and Museum. Reuters
An airline pilot carries an American flag during observances at the Ground Zero memorial site in New York. AFP
Rudy Giuliani, former New York City Mayor and attorney for President Donald Trump, left, and Chris Christie, former New Jersey governor, speak with each other during a commemoration ceremony for the victims of the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York City. AFP
A member of the military walks the grounds of the National 9/11 Pentagon Memorial. AP Photo
Americans looked back on 9/11 on Tuesday with solemn ceremonies, volunteer service and a presidential tribute to "the moment when America fought back" on one of the hijacked planes used as weapons in the deadliest terror attack on US soil.
Thousands of 9/11 victims' relatives, survivors, rescuers and others who gathered on a misty Tuesday morning at the memorial plaza where the World Trade Center's twin towers once stood. President Donald Trump and Vice President Mike Pence headed to the two other places where hijacked planes crashed on September 11, 2001: a Pennsylvania field and the Pentagon.
Mr Trump and First Lady Melania joined an observance at the September 11 memorial in a field near Shanksville, where one of the jetliners fell to the ground after 40 passengers and crew members realised hijackers had taken control and tried to storm the cockpit.
Mr Trump said the fallen "took control of their destiny and changed the course of history".
As 9/11 victims' names are read aloud today in New York, who will honour those who have died as a result of US wars elsewhere?
Remains of 9/11 victim identified almost 16 years after atrocity
Updated: September 11, 2018 08:56 PM
Prince Harry and Meghan issue legal warning to photographers
Coronavirus reaches the US
McConnell abruptly eases Trump impeachment limits
Chinese coronavirus: US announces first case of infection
Harry and Meghan: Duke of Sussex joins his family in Canada
US urges Lebanon’s authorities to refrain from violence and embrace reforms
Honduras designates Lebanon’s Hezbollah a terrorist organisation
Watch Elon Musk blow up a rocket just to check it works
Syrian currency collapse prompts rare criticism of regime
War of words between Trump and Khamenei as tension continues
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12305
|
__label__cc
| 0.706226
| 0.293774
|
Cookies on the PFS website
By using and browsing the PFS website, you consent to cookies being used in accordance with our policy. If you do not consent, you are always free to disable cookies if your browser permits, although doing so may interfere with your use of some of our sites or services.
Charter Insurance Institute
Chartered
Learning content hub
Personal Finance Awards
We work to raise the profile of the professionalism of our members and to ensure that our own governance procedures conform to current best practice.
As a member of the society (which is part of the Chartered Insurance Institute Group) you are expected to meet certain professional standards as outlined in the Code of Ethics.
The Code sets down the principles which all members should follow in the course of their professional duties.
As such, you are required to;
Comply with the Code and all relevant laws and regulations
Act with the highest ethical standards and integrity
Act in the best interests of each client
Provide a high standard of service
Treat people fairly regardless of age; disability; gender reassignment; pregnancy and maternity; marriage and civil partnership; race; religion and belief; sex; and sexual orientation
If you do not comply with the Code, this may result in the Chartered Insurance Institute taking disciplinary action against you.
If you'd like to find out more about professional standards please visit the CII website professional standards section, which contains further information about the dedicated committee, disciplinary and appeals, whistleblowing and more.
The Personal Finance Society is part of the Chartered Insurance Institute group.
42-48 High Road
E18 2JP
Email: customer.serv@thepfs.org
Copyright ©2020 The Chartered Insurance Institute. All rights reserved.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12309
|
__label__cc
| 0.659845
| 0.340155
|
United We Roll: Ontario supports Alberta oil pipelines
Keean BexteRebel Contributor
The United We Roll convoy traveled thousands of miles, through thick and thin, including false allegations thrown around by the mainstream media, and Liberal politicians turning up their noses at them.
As we showed you with our ongoing coverage at RebelConvoy.com, over seventy-five vehicles were on Parliament Hill last week with a message to Trudeau: Scrap Bills C-48 and 69, build pipelines, and end the carbon tax.
The convoy made it home this week, and were welcomed as heroes by locals. I spoke with the two main organizers, Glenn Carritt and Haley Wile, who expressed their gratitude to all the ordinary Canadians who came out, often at night and in freezing temperatures, to offer refreshments and moral support.
The organizers were especially grateful to Ontarians they met on the way.
One individual spoke to me about how the convoy gave a voice to Albertans who so often feel forgotten by the federal government. It is easy to ignore retweets and angry Facebook users, but when hundreds of tonnes of machinery, equipment, and trucks are at Trudeau's doorstep, it is much harder to ignore.
Any government in Canada that opposes oil & gas pipelines should lose its share of oil & gas equalization payments. SIGN THE PETITION at CutThemOff.ca
Buy Sheila's book The Destroyers, about Notley's war on Alberta
Alberta Maga commented 2019-03-01 01:39:52 -0500
Andrew Stephenson i guess the carbon tax is not popular then as well right?
https://www.thebruns.ca/articles/weak-turnout-cancels-pro-carbon-tax-protest-at-legislature
Andrew that was one place you cherry pick like a good sheep.
Allan Peterson commented 2019-02-28 12:51:23 -0500
89 days of no hammers falling
Andrew Stephenson commented 2019-02-28 12:42:01 -0500
www.reddit.com/r/onguardforthee/comments/asdskp/crowd_size_at_parliament_hill_for_the_ottawa/
ps – read the comments. :)
“Andrea…why don’t YOU go work in the meat packing plant….get a job you parent basement dwelling troglodite. "
Why should I? Unlike these layabout yellow-jackets I already have a good job.
“Andrew, your statement which is meant to be a negative dismissal of the event, is really a statement about the corruption of the main stream media that they did not report on what was clearly the largest politically motivated convoy in the history of Canada. "
I think that when the farmers drove their tractors into downtown Toronto and spent the day circling Queens Park (2005?) was quite a bit larger (500 vehicles?), and definitely a politically motivated convoy. I’m sure there were others, but I saw that one firsthand. A cursory search indicates several other large protest convoys in the scale of hundreds occurred last fall (Nisku,, Estevan). Interesting claim at a superlative, but easily refuted. This one’s mostly interesting for being a local protest that transported itself across the country – most national protests have multiple protests across multiple cities.
And you always take the side of the main stream media and the socialist left, Andrew. That says a lot about you. "
I’m not particularly left wing, but right now the Right does not offer much of interest to me. I don’t buy into the vague paranoia about immigrants, nor do I work in the resource sector that they’ve become a mouthpiece for to the exclusion of all else. I’m not a huge Trudeau fan, but I see little alternative in the upcoming election.
Muta Ween commented 2019-02-28 11:01:27 -0500
Peter Netterville writes :
“The left mainstream media is the enemy of the people”
I think the media is the enemy of THE TRUTH.T he enemy of honesty and integrity.
And I hate calling them journalists.It is a fancy name to give themselves some standing ,over and above us.
Trudeau is nothing without his fawning crowd of media reporters and editors who have accepted what amounts to bribes .The government/media complex dedicated to lying ,obfuscation and deceit in order to share in the power over the people.
George Luck commented 2019-02-28 09:57:41 -0500
“It is easy to ignore retweets and angry Facebook users, but when hundreds of tonnes of machinery, equipment, and trucks are at Trudeau’s doorstep, it is much harder to ignore.”
If only it was so. Trudeau and his Laurentian elites were quite happy to ignore the convoy. They had their bought and paid for, pet media try to demean the convoy participants with the usual socialist sobriquets.
You always know when the Trudeau socialists are in retreat, when they have their lap dogs in the press call the subjects of their ire ‘racists’, ‘homophobes’, ‘anti-muslim’ and haters. So it appears, judging by what the CBC et al, had to say, the convoy was a complete success!!
Peter Netterville commented 2019-02-28 08:10:16 -0500
Andrew Stephenson , “Most Ontarians didn’t know or didn’t care.”
Since you have know ability to know if any person does or does not care about anything unless they tell you, your statement boils down to, they did not know.
Why did they not know?
Andrew, your statement which is meant to be a negative dismissal of the event, is really a statement about the corruption of the main stream media that they did not report on what was clearly the largest politically motivated convoy in the history of Canada.
The size of the convoy is in itself a news worthy event that the main stream media, who clearly still have have the majority of the news platform in Canada, are too corrupt to report on. This is why people did not know.
And when the media was forced to report on it, the coverage was all negative and lies.
The Left main stream media is the enemy of the people.
And you always take the side of the main stream media and the socialist left, Andrew. That says a lot about you.
Stephen5970 commented 2019-02-28 05:58:11 -0500
Baby Doc Trudeau… He sees what he wants, Believes that he is the destiny of Canada. Anyone disagreeing with him are ignorant and fools. Of course he didn’t recognise the protest.
Most of Canada is behind the demonstrators. The few who aren’t are called Liberals and NDP.
Don’t forget, sell the CBC, and take whatever you can get, which won’t be much.
88 days of no hammers falling.
Robert Sloane commented 2019-02-28 01:37:02 -0500
Have you been to Cuba? Venezuelan and Costa Rican food beats the hell out of Cuban food any day.. I’ve been to all 3 Countries… Have to try Mexico next….
I like Venezuela. Have been talking to some Canadians still living on Isla de Margarita… They’re not going anywhere, and when the Political Climate improves Margarita will be the place to invest. Last time I was there, Gasoline was 3 cents/liter… Beer is good, and inexpensive as well…
It was so hot and sunny in Venezuela that we used to load crude oil onto off shore race boats to keep it fresh until it got to New Orleans.
ron joseph commented 2019-02-27 23:59:36 -0500
Glen Craig says Oil is refined on a Break Even basis.
Houston Chronicle suggests $9.50 to $12.00 a Barrel. Better than my 2 % bank interest on my savings!
https://www.houstonchronicle.com/business/energy/article/Refiners-rake-in-big-profits-for-now-13123470.php
Glenn Craig commented 2019-02-27 22:28:44 -0500
Here’s a suitably feminist anthem for trogladites…
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eN2TL59FCQg
ANDREW STEPHENSON commented 21 mins ago
Most Ontarians didn’t know or didn’t care.
Why didn’t these yellow-vesters/whatever they’’re calling themselves stop by to apply for jobs at that meat packing plant in Brooks? Apparently they have plenty of jobs available.
Andrea…why don’t YOU go work in the meat packing plant….get a job you parent basement dwelling troglodite.
MUTA WEEN commented 1 hour ago
Is refining Alberta oil in Sarnia considered “support” ?
Muta Ween, raw oil is not perishable, refined oil is. That is why it is always refined near the area of final distribution. It’s sort of like beef farmers do not slaughter their cattle and grind them into hamburger on the ranch.
Oil is refined on a break even basis, no great amount of margin is made on it which is why so many refineries get closed down. Jobs in Sarnia are not being stolen from Alberta like Rachael Notley would have you believe.
The very fact that neither Trudeau nor his Energy Minister came out to speak to the crowd says it all. Trudeau and his Liberal gang of thieves and liars despise the West, especially Alberta.
He should probably avoid going out to Alberta to campaign this election. He has made his attitude towards Alberta plain and clear.
Liz Rosie commented 2019-02-27 15:52:17 -0500
Encouraging to hear.
Robbie Picard: Transmountain pipeline is in Canada's national interest
Free advice for Alberta's pro-oil “war room” and a look at the environmentalist enemy
Alberta's pro-oilsands “war room” isn't fighting back. Here's our advice.
EXCLUSIVE: Energy East cancellation documents show failed attempt to prove human health risk
Best of 2015: Climate change hysteria and failed predictions By Keean BexteRebel Contributor
Best of 2015: Obama's foreign policy legacy and the war on terror By Keean BexteRebel Contributor
Best of 2015... Rebel road trips to Texas and Fort Mac! By Keean BexteRebel Contributor
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12310
|
__label__cc
| 0.705436
| 0.294564
|
Articles about openai
OpenAI bots smashed in their first clash against human Dota 2 pros
The InternationalIn the past hour, OpenAI's artificially intelligent bots lost their first match against professional players at smash-hit computer game Dota 2 at The International – the video game's annual championship tournament. It's the first bout in a best-of-three competition between human professional players versus OpenAI's code, the …
OpenAI bots thrash team of Dota 2 semi-pros, set eyes on mega-tourney
OpenAI’s machine learning bots have beaten another team of semi-professionals in Dota 2, in their second public match in the traditional five-versus-five settings. You can watch the action on Twitch – complete with commenters typing in SKYNET! every few seconds – here, or find a summary of the results, here. The human team – …
Relax, Amazon workers – OpenAI-trained robo hand isn't much use (well, not right now)
VidHuman hands are surprisingly dexterous: they can knit clothes, stuff delivery packages with things, play the piano, and so on, albeit with practice. Yet if you're worried machines are going to take these pleasures away from us, be assured us mortals can, for now, pick up these skills faster than robots can, judging from the …
Montezuma's Revenge still too tough for AI, new Google Brain office, and other bits and bytes
RoundupHello, here are some quick AI announcements from this week. A researcher reminds us to be wary of the hype around Montezuma's Revenge, there are some new framework updates from Google and Microsoft, and a new Google Brain office in Amsterdam. Montezuma’s Revenge isn’t solved yet: OpenAI and DeepMind researchers have boasted …
AI bots suck at marking written essays, not too shabby at old Atari games, and more...
RoundupHello, here's a quick roundup of some announcements from the world of AI this week. OpenAI researchers reach the highest score yet on the computer game Montezeuma's Revenge through reinforcement learning, DeepMind teaches its bots to play Capture the Flag on Quake III Arena and the US Department of Education are exploring the …
What does it take for an OpenAI bot to best Dota 2 heroes? 128,000 CPU cores, 256 Nvidia GPUs
OpenAI's video-game-playing bots are getting much better at mastering sci-fi strategy war game Dota 2, seeing off semi pro players with ease in team matchups. However, they can’t quite master the whole game to beat top professional teams – yet. Last August, machine-learning software built by the OpenAI lab headquartered in …
How much do AI gurus really get paid? And is NIPS such a great name for a conference?
RoundupHi, here's a few interesting bits and pieces from the world of AI. A public tax form from OpenAI reveals the crazy salaries of top AI researchers. There are more competitions pushing for improved image recognition models on mobiles, as well as training systems as fast and cheap as possible. Image recognition on mobiles Google …
OpenAI challenges you to beat 1990s classic Sonic the Hedgehog using machine learning
OpenAI has launched a new competition using classic Sonic the Hedgehog games as a testbed for transfer learning in AI. Reinforcement learning is an area of machine learning that tries to teach an agent specific behaviours in a fixed environment. The agent is programmed to explore its environment and experiments with different …
Wanna build an AI robot? Don't have an actual robot yet? Try this Holodeck for droids
OpenAI today updated Gym – its system for training intelligent software – so that developers can teach physical robots to hold pens, pick up and move objects, and so on. Gym was launched in 2016, and is a toolkit for teaching programs new tricks, such as playing Atari games and balancing poles, via reinforcement learning (RL …
OpenAI uses cunning code to speed up GPU machine learning
Researchers at OpenAI have launched a library of tools that can help researchers build faster, more efficient neural networks that take up less memory on GPUs. Neural networks are made up of layers of connected nodes. The architecture for these networks are highly variable depending on the data and application, but all models …
OpenAI bot bursts into the ring, humiliates top Dota 2 pro gamer in 'scary' one-on-one bout
UpdatedIn the past hour or so, an AI bot crushed a professional video games player at Dota 2 in back-to-back one-on-one showdowns. The computer player was built, trained and optimized by OpenAI, Elon Musk’s AI boffinry squad based in San Francisco, California. In a shock move on Friday evening, the software agent squared up to top …
AI quickly cooks malware that AV software can't spot
DEF CONMachine-learning tools can create custom malware that defeats antivirus software. In a keynote demonstration at the DEF CON hacking convention Hyrum Anderson, technical director of data science at security shop Endgame, showed off research that his company had done in adapting Elon Musk’s OpenAI framework to the task of …
OpenAI, DeepMind double team to make future AI machines safer
Researchers from OpenAI and DeepMind are hoping to make artificial intelligence safer using a new algorithm that learns from human feedback. Both companies are experts in reinforcement learning – an area of machine learning that rewards agents if they take the right actions to complete a task under a given environment. The …
Pay attention. We're only going to show you this once: OpenAI coaches robots to copy humans
The ultimate goal in robotics is the ability to train a machine to perform general tasks after it learns from a few examples. OpenAI, a non-profit artificial intelligence research organization, is a step closer to achieving this by applying a new algorithm called one-shot imitation learning to a robot arm. In the demonstration …
Elon Musk-backed OpenAI reveals Universe – a universal training ground for computers
Hoping to teach AI agents the common sense they need to solve arbitrary tasks without specific training, OpenAI on Monday will introduce Universe, a collection of virtualized video games, browser interfaces, and applications that serve as a training ground for code-based decision making. Universe is open-source middleware that …
Is it a car? Is it a rocket? No, it's Elon Musk's robot butler!
A scrappy bunch of Silicon valley A-listers have announced plans to build an artificial intelligence (AI) system that will clean your house, answer your questions, and beat you at Call of Duty. In a blog post OpenAI, a research company formed as a non-profit by Elon Musk, vengeful billionaire Peter Thiel, and the Y Combinator …
Create a news alert about openai, or find more stories about openai.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12311
|
__label__wiki
| 0.938295
| 0.938295
|
Storm hopeful of Munster return for final
Star Melbourne playmaker Cameron Munster is yet to fully test his injured shoulder but coach Craig Bellamy remains confident he will play in Saturday’s NRL qualifying final against Canberra.
On the advice of the club’s medical staff Munster has sat out some of the Storm’s training drills as a precautionary measure.
Munster missed Melbourne’s final round win over North Queensland after injuring the shoulder in a monster tackle by Manly’s Jorge Taufua in the previous match.
While there’s a preliminary final berth up for grabs Bellamy says the Queensland five-eighth won’t play at AAMI Park unless he’s 100 per cent.
“He didn’t do all the session but he did what the medical staff wanted him to do, so we’re pretty confident he’s going to be playing,” Bellamy said on Wednesday.
“But he needs to get through another couple of sessions yet.
“We’re not going to play him if it’s going to affect him at all.”
The minor premiers lost their round 22 clash at AAMI Park – just one of four for the season – after holding an 18-0 lead.
Bellamy expects better of his Storm troops this time around.
“Canberra controlled the second half really well and had a lot more of the ball and a lot more field position so that’s one thing we will have to do better,” Bellamy said.
“They are a very good defensive side and with the ball they probably do a few things that are unexpected so they can catch you on the hop so we need to be expecting anything.”
Despite what’s on the line, Bellamy still plans to catch up for his usual pre-match coffee with his long-time friend, Raiders coach Ricky Stuart.
While Storm skipper Cameron Smith was in the spotlight for alleged dirty tactics following their last game, and Raiders youngster Hudson Young was this week banned for eye gouging, Bellamy said no topic was off limits.
“We haven’t got any set rules or contracts signed that show you can’t say that,” Bellamy said.
“We are just two old footy players, we talk about old times, old games, a little bit about family … not too much about the game gets spoken about.”
Bellamy wouldn’t be drawn on the eight-week penalty handed to Hudson, or if Stuart, who had vehemently defended his player, would employ a siege mentality to rally his players.
“No one wants eye gouging in the game, but that’s not my decision so I just stick to my job,” Bellamy said.
“Everyone has got their opinion on what was fair and what was not fair, but I haven’t really given it any energy at all, because it is none of my business.
“I am coaching the Melbourne Storm, so that is my job and I don’t want to be distracted.”
Forty Twenty
The Broncos see Brodie Croft as a mini Cooper Cronk, but the Storm just see Brodie Croft
Young Brodie Croft was a Stormer in 2019 but is now a Bronco.
Reports: Tino Fa’asuamaleaui backflips on Warriors, signs with Titans
According to reports by Fox Sports, Melbourne Storm forward Tino Fa’asuamaleaui is headed to the Gold Coast in 2021, despite earlier reports indicating he was headed to New Zealand.
Bellamy admits NRL end may be near
The end appears nigh for Craig Bellamy who admits he does not expect to continue on as an NRL coach after his Melbourne contract expires in two years.
Confirmed: Storm star Vunivalu switching to rugby
The Queensland Reds have officially confirmed reports that Melbourne Storm winger Suliasi Vunivalu will switch from the NRL to rugby and join the club in 2021.
Which clubs should be chasing Addo-Carr's signature?
The Melbourne Storm are dealing with bombshell movement rumours, with star winger Josh Addo-Carr reportedly weighing up a move back to Sydney for family matters.
Josh Addo-Carr's decision, problems at the Wanderers and this decade's best Super Rugby champions
It’s offseason central on Episode 66 of the The Roar’s Game of Codes podcast, with the AFL draft and Josh Addo-Carr’s big career decision both going under the microscope, before we turn our attention to the A-League and Super Rugby.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12312
|
__label__wiki
| 0.873276
| 0.873276
|
How to watch FFA Cup final online or on TV: Adelaide United vs Melbourne City live stream, TV guide, start time
23rd October, 2019
The final of the FFA Cup will see Adelaide United and Melbourne City clash for the first silverware of the Australian season. This is The Roar’s guide to live streaming the match online, or watching it on TV.
The FFA Cup final is scheduled to get underway at 7:30pm (AEDT), with the match to be held at Coopers Stadium in Adelaide on Wednesday, October 23.
The Reds made their way into yet another decider of Australia’s premier football knockout competition with a victory away from home in the semi-finals over the Central Coast Mariners.
Melbourne, on the other hand, had to survive an early scare as they travelled to play NPL club the Brisbane Strikers, but after giving up the first goal, they charged away with what ended up being a win on the back of the classy Jamie Maclaren, who has been scoring goals for fun throughout the tournament.
How to watch the FFA Cup final on TV
The FFA Cup final will be televised around Australia by Fox Sports. They will broadcast the game on Channel 505, with coverage commencing at 7pm (AEDT), which is half an hour ahead of kick-off.
To watch the match on TV, you will need to have a valid Foxtel TV subscription, complete with the sports package of channels.
How to live stream the FFA Cup final online
If you’d prefer to live stream the match online, then there will be a couple of ways to do so, using the Fox Sports coverage.
The best of these options is to go through Kayo Sports, who have the rights to all of Foxtel’s sporting content and other selected events for $25 per month.
Otherwise, you’ll also be able to stream Foxtel channels through their traditional application, known as Foxtel Now.
If, however, you’d prefer to live stream the match but already have a valid TV subscription with login details, you’ll be able to use the Foxtel App.
Here at The Roar, we will cover the match with live scores, a blog, and highlights from 7:15pm (AEDT).
Key game information: FFA Cup final, Adelaide United vs Melbourne City
Kick-off: 7:30pm (AEDT)
Expected finish time: 9:30pm (AEDT)
Venue: Coopers Stadium, Adelaide
TV: Live, Fox Sports
Online: Live, Foxtel App, Foxtel Now, Kayo Sports, My Football App
Betting: Adelaide United $2.40, Melbourne City $2.60
Referee: Alex King
Assistant referees: Shaun Evans, Adam Kersey
Fourth official: Josh Mannella
1. Daniel Margush (Gk), 2. Michael Marrone, 4. Ryan Strain, 5. Michael Maria, 6. Vince Lia, 7. Ryan Kitto, 8. Riley Mcgree, 11. Kristian Opseth, 14. George Blackwood, 16. Nathan Konstandopoulos, 17. Nikola Mileusnic, 18. Lachlan Brook, 20. Paul Izzo (Gk), 22. Michael Jakobsen, 24. Pacifique Niyongabire, 26. Benjamin Halloran, 27. Louis D’arrigo, 29. Kusini Yengi, 30. Isaac Richards (Gk), 31. Mirko Boland, 32. Carlo Armiento, 35. Al Hassan Toure
1. Thomas Glover (Gk), 2. Scott Galloway, 3. Scott Jamieson, 4. Harrison Delbridge, 6. Joshua Brillante, 7. Rostyn Griffiths, 8. Marcelo Javier Cabrera Rivero, 11. Craig Noone, 13. Nathaniel Atkinson, 17. Denis Genreau, 19. Lachlan Wales, 20. Adrian Nicolas Luna Retamar, 21. Ramy Najjarine, 22. Curtis Good, 23. Dean Bouzanis (Gk), 29. Jamie Maclaren, 30. Moudi Najjar, 34. Connor Metcalfe, 35. Raphael Borges Rodrigues, 37. Gianluca Iannucci, 40. Richard Windbichler, 42. Ahmad Taleb (Gk)
Doran Smith
A-League Round 15: The pecking order
Who is hot and who is not in the A-League? The teams were ranked in the following order, with Sydney FC not considered as they were the team with the bye.
Allan Riley
Is Gertjan Verbeek getting too big for Adelaide?
Watching Bruce Djite talk about Adelaide United coach Gertjan Verbeek last weekend, one question struck me: has the Dutchman become too big for the club?
A-League Round 15: Team of the week
Here’s the make up of the A-League Round 15 team of the week.
What’s wrong at Adelaide United?
Adelaide United have fallen into a rough patch in recent weeks.
Match preview: Sydney FC vs Adelaide United
Sydney FC welcome Adelaide United to Jubilee Stadium as they look to go nine games unbeaten to continue their stellar start to this campaign.
Jets seek to end Adelaide A-League bogey
Newcastle A-League stalwart Jason Hoffman says it’s time to get rid of the Adelaide United bogey.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12313
|
__label__wiki
| 0.62185
| 0.62185
|
The Witches of Oz (2011)
Traxy Thornfield 25 November 2011 Film Reviews, TV Reviews
TV miniseries review: The Witches of Oz (2011), directed by Leigh Scott
After brilliant miniseries like Alice and Tin Man and big stinkers like Witchville, you can never be too sure what you’re getting when Syfy are involved. As we both loved Tin Man, we were looking forward to another re-imagining of L Frank Baum’s The Wizard of Oz. Sadly, this is more Witchville than Tin Man.
Dorothy Gale (Paulie Rojas) is a young children’s author, made famous writing books about Oz. She lives in Kansas with her uncle Henry (Lance Henriksen), and works with nerdy Allen (Ari Zagaris), who is the illustrator of the books. One day, she gets a letter from a big publishing house in New York City, and is flown out there to finish the book she’s working on (she’s having some difficulties trying to figure out the ending). Taking Toto (an amazingly cute dog, if grossly underused … and surprisingly big in size for Toto) and Allen with her, Dorothy quickly realises New York is not exactly Kansas …
With publisher Billie Westbrook (Eliza Swenson), Dorothy is shown around town, introduced to actors and someone who wants to adapt her books to film, and hits on cute guys she meets in bars (Billy Boyd, the hobbit from The Lord of the Rings who didn’t end up in Lost) and gets a lawyer (Barry J Ratcliffe) and everything. But there’s something about a key that she can’t quite remember.
Notable mentions: Sean Astin (the loyal hobbit Sam) as a little creature called Frack, Mia Sara as Princess Langwidere, Christopher Lloyd (Doc from Back to the Future) as the Wizard of Oz and Jeffrey Combs as Frank Baum, who I think might have been uncle Henry’s, err, uncle.
During the first five minutes, I realised The Witches of Oz wasn’t going to be Tin Man. The CGI was about as good as something made for TV in the mid-1990s, except it was rendered better, and the first 5-10 minutes is pure exposition – a voiceover telling the whole back story of a key and how it came to the real world and yadda yadda. I seriously considered switching it off and deleting the two parts off the DVR unseen.
When we, somewhat confusedly, got introduced to the adult Dorothy – who still looked like she was 15 – it picked up a little, because they eased off the CGI. Both the Squeeze and I started predicting who would be which character, and in the case of the Scarecrow, we were both proven right, and later the Lion as well. The Tin Man, however, we thought was going to be one character (and indeed, so does he), but then no, it’s someone completely different. That’s not how storytelling works! Apparently, the guy was introduced early on, but it was basically just a 30-second appearance with a few lines and then later on, we’re supposed to believe it’s the same guy who’s the Tin Man? Really?
As we got introduced to more and more actors, it was easier to watch as well. After all, two of the four main hobbitses from The Lord of the Rings were in it – and the cute ones at that – and when the Squeeze pointed out that one of the characters were “either Mia Sara or that woman whose name I can’t remember” (Jennifer Connolly, as it turned out), I gasped and exclaimed, “OMG, you’re right! It IS Mia Sara!” The problem is, I have no idea who she played. The cast list says “Princess Langwidere”, but who was she? There was so much head-swapping and make up going on that I honestly couldn’t tell one witch from the other. Was she even a witch? Was she the same one as the blonde English lady? It got a bit confusing.
And then, also, the wicked witches want to take over New York City. Yeah, no. It doesn’t work.
So the plot and storytelling is predictable and a bit all over the shop. If it was just that and bad CGI, then maybe it could be redeemed slightly … but unfortunately, no. The actor playing Dorothy, while being very pretty and all, wasn’t convincing and she felt terribly … I don’t know if “wooden” is the right word here, but she just wasn’t quite up to the task. It needed a strong female lead, and sadly, Paulie Rojas wasn’t it. She’s cute in a sort of preppy way, sure, but I wouldn’t call her leading lady material. Not yet, anyway. With a bit of training, she might be one day, but this was just too much to lay on her shoulders.
I really wanted to like The Witches of Oz, but in the end, I was disappointed. For something that at least in parts seem to have a decent budget, you would expect better acting, a better script and definitely better CGI. What we got was on par with what an amateur would conjur up in his or her bedroom and post on YouTube. And, actually, some amateurs’ CGI skills are way better than we’re presented with here. Sad, really.
But at least it was entertaining had cute guys in it.
1.6 out of 5 plot devices.
2011 Ari Zagaris Barry J Ratcliffe Billy Boyd Christopher Lloyd Eliza Swenson Jeffrey Combs L Frank Baum Lance Henriksen Leigh Scott Mia Sara Paulie Rojas Sean Astin witches
7 Responses to "The Witches of Oz (2011)"
mimz says:
Hmm I really loved Tin Man, especially Alan Cumming’s performance, so I guess I won’t be seeing this. You really can never be sure with Syfy’s mini series.
Traxy says:
Yeah that’s the sad thing. I wanted to love this, but it was just … not working. 🙁
I’m sorry to hear this miniseries is subpar, I was really hoping it would be on the level of Tin Man. Oh well! Thanks for the review!
You’re welcome. 🙂 Yeah, I was hoping for something thatlevel too, but no. 🙁
I really enjoyed it 🙂
Good for you. 🙂
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12315
|
__label__cc
| 0.737051
| 0.262949
|
Making the switch to LEDs is a bright idea: Debbie Travis
By Debbie TravisYourHome
Thu., May 14, 2015timer2 min. read
One of the most important elements when considering interior decor is lighting. A proper lighting plan will insure that your home works safely, economically and looks its best. If you are still using traditional light bulbs throughout your home, it’s time consider today’s alternative.
LEDs or light emitting diodes are environmentally friendly. The light does not emit heat, and they use a fraction of the energy of a traditional light bulb. I spoke with Tom Herstad, owner of Regal Lighting Designs, regallightingdesigns.com. Tom is passionate about LEDs, and the changes in the lighting industry that they represent. He explained that LEDs offer far higher lumens per watt, which means much lower wattage provides the same light. As an example of how much can be saved in energy, think about a chandelier that has six little lamps. Each traditional light bulb will be 30 watts, making 180 watts in all. To get the same amount of light, the LEDs need only be three watts each, so 18 watts in all. That’s a 90-per-cent saving in energy.
While LEDs are more expensive than light bulbs, good quality LEDs last 50 times longer. “Think of switching to LEDs throughout your home as a sound investment,” says Tom. “The start-up costs will be returned quickly by lower hydro bills and rarely having to replace the lights.”
While the light emitted from LEDs was originally quite harsh or overbright, this is no longer the case. There are now three colours from which to choose. “Natural white has a higher colour rendering index, which, for example, allows all the colours in a painting to occur like they just came off the brush,” says Tom. In the kitchen shown here, the striking markings in the centre island counter and the floor are enhanced by the natural white ceiling spots. The pendants over the island have the warm white LEDs, and the under-counter is illuminated with true white.
There are LEDs for ambient, accent and mood lighting. It’s not difficult to convert from bulbs to LEDs. The wiring required is much thinner, like stereo wiring, and there are LEDs that fit your existing light sockets. Talk to a lighting expert, insist on high quality guarantees, and get ahead of the game. It’s the bright thing to do.
Debbie Travis' House to Home column is produced by Debbie Travis and Barbara Dingle. Please email your questions to house2home@debbietravis.com . You can follow Debbie on Twitter at www.twitter.com/debbie_travis , and visit Debbie’s new website, debbietravis.com.
Get some good advice in your inbox
Get expert advice on life and relationships with the Star's Advice email newsletter.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12316
|
__label__wiki
| 0.971051
| 0.971051
|
Police: Test results prompted attack
A Muncie man is accused of punching his ex-girlfriend after she told him she was pregnant.
Police: Test results prompted attack A Muncie man is accused of punching his ex-girlfriend after she told him she was pregnant. Check out this story on thestarpress.com: http://tspne.ws/1CyiE4U
Douglas Walker, dwalker@muncie.gannett.com Published 4:19 p.m. ET April 1, 2015 | Updated 5:36 p.m. ET April 1, 2015
Quentin Reed
Police say a man attacked his ex-girlfriend after she told him, via text, that she was pregnant.
Quentin Reed of Muncie allegedly kicked in the woman's front door, then kicked her in the stomach.
His accuser said Reed also took her puppy, which he maintained was his.
MUNCIE – If allegations in police reports are accurate, Quentin Jamal Reed reacted badly — to say the least — when a former girlfriend told him, via text message, that she was pregnant with his child.
Police were called to a report of a domestic disturbance in the 2000 block of East 17th Street on Tuesday morning, and found a 24-year-old Muncie woman weeping, and the front door of her home damaged.
The woman said Reed, 34, kicked in the door about 6:30 a.m., broke a lamp and kicked her in the stomach.
His accuser — who was taken by ambulance to IU Health Ball Memorial Hospital after complaining of stomach pains — also said Reed had stolen her 3-month-old puppy, which he maintained was his.
The woman said about 12:30 a.m., she had sent Reed's cellphone a photograph that showed her holding a pregnancy test with the caption, "We're with child."
A second photo sent to Reed showed "a close-up picture of a positive pregnancy test," an affidavit said.
The woman said she and Reed had been dating "off and on" for three years.
Reed, arrested late Tuesday, was being held in the Delaware County jail on Wednesday under a $25,000 bond, preliminarily charged with burglary, battery to a pregnant female, domestic battery and theft.
The Muncie man was convicted of driving while intoxicated in both 2014 and 2013.
Contact news reporter Douglas Walker at (765) 213-5851. You can also follow him on Twitter @DouglasWalkerSP.
Read or Share this story: http://tspne.ws/1CyiE4U
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12317
|
__label__cc
| 0.609538
| 0.390462
|
Samara Beach, a place to relax, enjoy and forget about work
Written by Peter Conrad Samara is a town to relax, to enjoy every calm morning that invites to rest and observe the sand mixed with the movement of the sea, along with a perfect stay in one of the most unique Costa Rica eco hotels in the country.
The different options for lodging, food, nightlife, adventure, recreation and nature meet a direct invitation to enjoy it in all senses.
Available activities range from snorkeling, fishing and crafts, horseback trips, visit to the Falls of St. Dominic, yacht charters, canopy, visit the shelter, nesting turtles, gyrocopter and tours to see the work of local artists. The hotel range options from $ 30 to $ 150 per night.
Hands towards the sea, just to get the cool breeze that inherits guanacasteca stamp.
What other way to get the day a soft, soothing music that whispers the sun salutation?
That morning the yogis not only have next to water ... but coconut water. Kelly Jones, yoga instructor, provides directions to pause to take advantage of the class that is repeated every Monday and Wednesday for residents and visitors.
Perhaps your idea of a visit to the beach, hiking is not in your mind, however, this option should not go unnoticed. This is an invitation to travel the paths of the Biological Reserve Werner Sauter, farm of 168 acres with 70% dedicated to the protection of tropical dry forest.
For the morning walk is a good to take a great dose of Costa Rica travel adventure, water, repellent (possibly natural) and comfortable clothing. The walk lasts approximately 2 hours for observation of birds, trees, animals and breaks into two viewpoints.
If you want to add more adrenaline, the appointment is in Chora Island, which is located 1 km from Samara beach for one of the most exciting adventure tours in costa rica. You can come in various ways, and one of them is by kayak.
At 1:30 pm, a vehicle will transport you to that meeting between you and the sea. Once on the seashore, the adventure begins with the oars, the wind and water.
Costa Rica - Travel, Tourism & Vacations Personal Guide
Costa Rica White Water Rafting River Tours
Costa Rica Honeymoon: Expert Tips, Destinations, Resorts & Vacation Packages
A Complete Guide: How to plan your Costa Rica Wedding
Costa Rica Golf Vacation Packages All Inclusive
Costa Rica SportFishing Vacations Packages Guide
Costa Rica Surfing Guide
Bird Watching in Costa Rica
Costa Rica Ecotourism
Driving distances in Costa Rica
Costa Rica Vacation Package
Honeymoon Potpourri
Fishing Costa Rica
Memorable Costa Rica Honeymoon
Volcano, Mountain and Beach
Costa Rica Will Host 2016 ISA World Surfing Games
Costa Rica surf: Nosara beach amongst World’s 20 Best Surf Towns
Guanacaste turtle tours and attractions.
Costa Rica Save The Americans Campaign
The Offshore World Championship is happening since April 24th to 28th, at Marina Pez Vela, in Quepos
Interest activities to do in San Jose, Costa Rica
Vacations Packages: ICT campaign wins followers in the U.S. and Canada
Monteverde Cloud Forest Costa Rica
Russian tourists won’t need Visa to come to Costa Rica anymore
Things to do in Guanacaste
Lacqua Viva Resort and Spa - Nosara Costa Rica
Costa Rica sports: Second edition of Ironman Costa Rica was held this Sunday
5 Reasons Why Traveling to Costa Rica Will Change Your Life
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12329
|
__label__wiki
| 0.798637
| 0.798637
|
Tweet Follow @theblueguerilla
Boris Crushes Corbyn In Commons Clash
THE Prime Minister was in tip top form in the last hour.
Boris Johnson opened the snap election debate saying that “nobody relishes a General Election but there is a widespread view that this Parliament has run its course.”
“I simply do not believe that this House is capable of delivering on the priorities of the people."
“There is one party that doesn’t want a general election” says Boris Johnson, pointing at the half empty Labour benches.
On Jeremy Corbyn, he said - “He can run but he cannot hide forever.”
“One party does not trust the people. That is the principal party of opposition.”
He said the Labour leader has “run out of excuses” for avoiding an election.
“He’s snookered and this charade has gone on long enough.”
LIKE theblueguerilla - www.facebook.com/theblueguerilla
A post shared by The Blue Guerilla (@theblueguerilla.co.uk) on Nov 15, 2019 at 12:50am PST
A post shared by The Blue Guerilla (@theblueguerilla.co.uk) on Oct 23, 2019 at 5:35am PDT
A post shared by The Blue Guerilla (@theblueguerilla.co.uk) on Jan 16, 2020 at 6:26am PST
The Blue Guerilla
Tweets by theblueguerilla
A post shared by The Blue Guerilla (@theblueguerilla.co.uk) on Nov 15, 2019 at 3:27am PST
TBG ARCHIVE
TBG ARCHIVE January (42) December (44) November (100) October (94) September (135) August (68) July (4) July (1) June (3) May (8) April (4) August (1) May (1) February (1) January (3) December (9) November (18) October (16) September (8) August (9) July (6) June (16) May (17) April (28) March (18) February (6) January (1) December (12) November (32) October (29) September (26) August (41) July (56) June (49) May (67) April (44) March (55) February (60) January (69) December (28) November (47) October (58) September (46) August (34) July (77) June (69) May (56) April (68) March (86) February (101) January (98) December (88) November (116) October (146) September (135) August (87) July (67) May (2) April (7) March (5) December (28) November (28) December (1) November (6) October (16) September (64) August (30) July (16) November (5) October (1) August (21) July (28)
FREEDOM | LIBERTY | DEMOCRACY - TheBlueGuerilla.co.uk © . Powered by Blogger.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12331
|
__label__wiki
| 0.508475
| 0.508475
|
Dorset businesses join pact to tackle plastic
April 26, 2018 // by Paula Rincon
Local businesses have joined a pioneering pact to transform plastic use completely by 2023.
Dorset Cereals and Faerch Plast are part of the UK Plastics Pact, which aims to deal with waste and pollution
The national coalition is made up of more than 40 brands, councils and NGO’s.
They have created a plan to deal with plastic by 2025:
to eliminate single-use plastics,
to make all plastic packaging reusable or recyclable,
for 70% of plastic packaging to be recycled and
for 30% of all plastic packaging to be recycled content.
Their priority is to tackle food and drink, clothing and textiles and electronics.
These three areas account for 25% of the UK’s carbon footprint, 80% of the its water footprint and 40% of the nation’s household waste.
Local businesses will work together with large brands like Coca-Cola and Sainsbury’s to make the UK become an example for global sustainability.
The group said they plan to work with partners to inspire change in other nations ‘to form a powerful global movement for change’.
Dorset Cereals and Faerch Plast are part of the UK Plastics Pact, as well as supermarkets and restaurants located in the area such as Tesco, Pret a Manger and Pizza Hut.
Chris Shephard, Head of Economic Development for Bournemouth council, said plastic pollution is an issue of concern for them:
“We are striving for Bournemouth to be known across the world as a Green Economy Leader and as part of this we already have a plastics task group set up within the Council to actively look at issues around plastics. We are currently reviewing the pact criteria with an aspiration to be more involved.”
Since August 2017, BU has recycled about 70% of its waste and sent none to landfill. Neil Smith, Sustainability Manager at BU, said the University supports the Pact and its ‘laudable’ aims:
“We have yet to determine whether it is appropriate for us to join such a group. In the meantime we will continue to build on our work to date to cut the use of single use plastics. Our existing initiatives include offering discounts for using reusable mugs at all Chartwells food and drink outlets on campus, charging more for using non-reusable mugs at SUBU outlets (compared to using your own mug), replacing plastic cutlery with wooden utensils and removing the use of plastic straws.”
Category: News, RegionalTag: environment, plastic
About Paula Rincon
Previous Post: « Why you can’t stick to your New Year Resolution
Next Post: Travellers occupying unauthorised land are to face legal action »
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12332
|
__label__cc
| 0.6485
| 0.3515
|
The Bulls of Durham
Community Partnership Program
Made In Durham
The Bulls of Durham Book Project Turns 1 Year Old
Durham, North Carolina has always had a way of standing out as a Southern anomaly. Any outsider preconceived notion of what the South is quickly shatters upon entering the Bull City. Since its inception, far before its incorporation, Durham has had 3 things: a reputation, its own way of doing things and grit.
Some things never change.
In 1929, writer Thomas Wolfe wrote about Durham, North Carolina as a “dreary tobacco town” under the fictional name Exeter. For many years the press, followed by radio broadcasters and news stations, would go on to write scathingly biased, distorted and misreported content about Durham’s high crime rates. A cheap, easy means to sell the daily news, despite the fact the Bull City’s crime rates have been no different than neighboring, straight-laced Raleigh.
Somewhere in between all that nonsense a man named John R. Green who would straight steal the bull branding right off of Colman mustard to brand the world’s finest tobacco as Bull Durham tobacco. The famed “Father of Durham,” W.T. Blackwell would ignite Durham’s ingenious marketing fire that still burns today by taking the Bull branding concept to whole new levels. This act of Robin Hooding would prove to be the apex in Durham’s fate.
Blackwell’s building, lovingly known as the Old Bull Building, is still standing on Blackwell Street. In fact, it’s the oldest building in the Bull City built in 1874. At one point it was two stories taller and at another point, a much lower point in Durham’s history, it was covered in pink metal. Because Durham. While the top two stories were removed and thankfully the pink metal as well, Blackwell’s spirit and his impact on the Bull City remain.
It is said the city of Durham was nearly renamed Blackwell at one point, but well, Durham. Admittedly there’s some solid ideology behind renaming the city for the man who put Durham on the map as a branded tobacco empire over an alcoholic doctor with no proof of attending medical school… nor practicing medicine. The Dukes surely had the money and clout to implement it. What it came down to was being too much work – pick your battles. Durham always has and always will have better things to do.
Perhaps it was the vibe set down when the Civil War was surrendered in Durham at Bennett’s Place on April 26, 1865, but the Bull City has and continues to pick its battles choosing the side of progress for all. Putting resources into pushing the Bull Durham brand forward rather than renaming the city proved to be a wise choice that would lead to global domination of the tobacco industry, the first black millionaires, and a world renowned University.
The spirit of the bull charged through the city and in 1902 the first recorded branded bulls outside of Bull Durham Tobacco would take the field as the Durham Bulls baseball team. Perhaps you’ve heard of them? You can catch them playing the Charlotte Knights this evening. Like all Bulls games it’s sure to leave the audience with a once in a lifetime experience.
The first official recorded businesses boasting Bull City would also appear in 1902 – Bull City Tailors and Bull City Drug. Both businesses were owned by African American men. That is something Durham is rightly proud of and gave way to thriving, history changing Black Wall Street.
The same spirit of innovation that created a tobacco empire out of the ashes of the Civil War rebranded the Duke name from the tobacco that caused cancer to the one of the highest regarded medical facilities in the world, that in many cases treats said cancer. The innovation and rebranding continued as the formerly abandoned tobacco warehouses became the most expensive real estate in North Carolina as apartments, restaurants, bars and businesses.
Perhaps the reason Durham is home to the brightest minds, best medicine, awarding winning musicians, thriving creatives, and best food you’ll ever have in your life is the first world in the Bull Durham tobacco ads: Genuine. While other cities worry about getting the edges straight and the presentation ironed out for the masses, Durham has proudly and effortlessly kept it dirty.
For 148 years on record, a many more off record, Durham has made its mark on the world, all the while keeping it dirty. In the last year a Durham newcomer had the bright idea to get the story behind the bulls of Durham and create a living history book of the Bull City. She spent early mornings and weekends climbing all over the city “bull spotting,” trying to capture all the city’s bulls with her iPhone. Despite many attempts to put the idea out of her mind, the spark of creativity had ignited that special brand of Bull City innovative fire. She’d soon come to find out the locals fuel that fire rather than put it out.
She is me, Sheila Amir, writer of “The Bulls of Durham” book project and the overly-idealistic lady who thought she could complete the research for this book in a year. That foolishness stems from genuinely have no idea just how incrediBULLy collaborate, supportive and Durm Durham is.
As I learned in interviewing local hip hop innovator The Real Laww, John Lawrence, when it comes to Durham, North Carolina, check your expectations in at the city line. Laww would be the first of many to tell me, “You’re here. You’re Durham.”
Now “The Bulls of Durham” has a publisher, Swiner Publishing, and an expected release date, April 10, 2019, Durham’s 150th official anniversary as a city. The project also has a website TheBullsOfDurham.com, as well as an Instragram, Facebook and Twitter account. All because from the moment of inception this project has been, is and will always be Durham’s. This is Durham’s story. I just happen to be the woman lucky enough to be the medium it goes through.
The Instagram account launched a year ago today, August 2nd, 2016, made the project official and within less than 24 hours one of the first ‘background’ bulls Chris of Bull City Tees reached out to send me a Bull City t-shirt featuring his locally famed design of the Bull City hand sign. Southern hospitality is real y’all.
As fate would have it, Anne Niemann, owner of Bull Street Gourmet and Market on Shannon Street would be the project’s first interview. She continues to be the project’s first and biggest supporter. When she discovered that I was selling Bull Love mugs to begin funding this project, she cleared shelf space and ordered a dozen… which sold out in 5 days and continually have to be restocked.
Anne also proved to be the key to scoring an interview with her husband Tom Niemann. Tom is the impassioned, historic real estate genius behind West Village.
Up next was an interview with two more incrediBULL women, Bull City Dental owner Dr. Desiree Palmer and Dr. Audrey Kempt. Dr. Palmer would be the second woman who unlocked a hard to get interview with her husband, Michael Palmer. His interview was so profound it left me reeling, frozen in my seat at Beyu Caffe on Main Street long after he departed. I steeped in astonishment, awe and Bull City feels for a quick minute before I could stand up and walk out into the city with an entirely new perspective.
Dr. Palmer unknowingly did something else, she completely changed the project for the better, all by being her genuine self. I end every interview asking the interviewee(s) who would make a great contribution to the book. In this way Durham is organically writing its own story. If memory serves me correctly, Desiree mentioned a couple names and then said, “Make sure you call my friend Bill.” I asked what Bill did and she nonchalantly said, “He’s the Mayor.” She was telling me to call Mayor Bill Bell like it wasn’t a big deal.
Admittedly the exact wording of this wasn’t captured and the memory has been fogged up by a year of Bull City feels. There I was, not even a Durhamight for a year, and not only was I getting to write a book about the Bull City, but I was being encouraged to call up the Mayor. The Mayor.
That was a pivotal moment. The bull was out of the chute. It was at that very moment I learned not 1, not 2, but 3 Bull City truths.
1.) Not all the bulls in this city are statues, signs and in business names. In fact, the true bulls are the genuine people who move and shape this city. It was that way before Green and Blackwell inadvertently branded the Bull City and it’ll always be that way.
2.) Durham has what both Casey Steinbacher and Michael Goodmon would term in their interviews as a horizontal culture. Regardless of your income, title, ethnicity, whatever, if you’re here, genuinely here, you’re Durham. We’re all in this together to do one thing, best coined by my dear friend Angel Dozier, be dope together.
3.) It took many more months before it fully sunk in, but CEO of the Art of Cool Dr. Cicely Mitchell was there to give me a reassuring head nod and a high-five when I spoke it aloud. Women run the Bull City. Durham is cool like that. They may not be out front like Cicely Mitchell or Jesica Averhart the Director of Triangle Leadership and Co-Disruptor of Black Wall Street, but they’re there, making moves and at times, sitting their husbands down for book interviews.
That’s not to say the men, and everyone else across the gender spectrum, of Durham are to be slept on. When I did sit down for that interview with the Mayor, a man who somehow manages to show up to EVERYTHING, I learned that compassion can be a part of effective leadership. I would see that again when I interviewed Mayoral candidates Steve Schewel, Pierce Freelon, and Farad Ali.
That compassion would truly shine through Chief Magistrate Don Paschall’s interview. He’s spent his entire life in law enforcement, in Durham, and is the kindest human I’ve ever met. He was recommended to me by his also kind nephew Johnathan Paschall when I interview him and Neal Carlton of Vega Metal Works and Cricket Forge.
Another Durham Original who spent many years in law enforcement is John Morris, the General Manager of American Tobacco Campus. Despite enforcing the law during Durham’s roughest times he too remains compassionate and thoughtful. His perspective of Durham is amazing and out of the 80 interviewees for this project, he has been the only one to ask for a copy of the book. By ask I mean he told me I would give him a copy of the book. It wasn’t rude or boastful. It was a very Durham way of saying he BULLieves in me. A man, who was born, raised and went on to serve and protect Durham believes I’m aBULL to capture this city’s story. I will hand deliver the signed copy myself.
Bill Kalkhoff would be the one to teach me that what it takes to succeed in Durham is BULLieveing in an idea so big it seems impossiBULL. One of his Downtown Durham Inc. successors, Matt Gladdek, took a more humBULL approach in sharing the names of a great many people who have helped make Durham Durm in their own way.
In interviewing Richard Morgan of Morgan Imports, I learned age is nothing but a number. Mr. Morgan has better things to do with his time than getting old and it’s a task to keep up with him. Ethel Simonetti would echo this notion with her stories of all she’s done in her time in Durham. She is yet another woman who has molded and shaped this city. She also is so humBULL about it that I came to the understanding there is yet another type of bull in this city, the background bulls. These are the people who show up every day to make the city a better place for all and take no credit for it.
Bull City artist Candy Carver rides the fine line of background bull and woman upfront. She is behind much of the Durham art community. Her art and her person provoke thought and diversify the local art scene. Her interview led me to Kompleks Creative owner Tobias Rose, who is also a Co-Disruptor of Black Wall Street, and to the previously mentioned Laww. All roads in the local art community would lead back to Candy many times over, like in interviewing artist Darius Quarles who somehow finds time to make Candy’s canvases in between painting history honoring murals and diversity embracing paintings.
At this point I’m well beyond the maximum word count I set for this blog. I had a hunch I’d be waxing poetic about the Bull City for quite some time. This is all to say thank you to the incrediBULL humans of Durham for welcoming me into the fold. This project has never been a matter of who told me I couldn’t write this book. Nor has it been a matter of who said I could write it. It has been an entire city saying, “What can we do to help you make this a reality?” That’s Durham.
I’ve officially interviewed 80 Durhamights, including everyone from TJ McDermott who brought community treasure King’s Sandwich shop back to life, to Gabe Eng-Goetz and Justin Laidlaw, who’ve made Durham stylin’ with Runaway Clothing, to Leon Barrera who is opening the 3rd Cocoa Cinnamon proving that an appreciate for diversity can create a sustainaBULL business. In all of that, I’ve learned I’m halfway done with interviews.
While not all interviews will make it into the book, they have all been important in creating this project and leading to the next interview. All interviewees will get to shine as blog features on TheBullsOfDurham.com well beyond the book publication. And as I end every interview, I will end this 1 year anniversary blog with asking you, the Bull City reader, who do you think would make an excellent contribution to “The Bulls of Durham” book project?
To support the project, spread love and have some incrediBULL goodness in your life, head over to The Bulls of Durham store. Swag, love and coffee y'all.
Click HERE to get the latest Bulls of Durham blogs and project updates delivered to you.
Proudly powered by love, sparkles & Bull City feels.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12333
|
__label__wiki
| 0.883672
| 0.883672
|
Family pet shot dead
Tamara Sizer and her two daughters Mackenzie (left) and Rhianna were devastated when they arrived home to find one of their two pet pomeranians had been shot dead. Dave Noonan
by Callum Bentley
28th Nov 2011 12:00 AM
A CALLOUS attack on a Wyreema family's pet has rocked them to the core.
Scott and Tamara Sizer and their two daughters Mackenzie, 8, and Rhianna, 5, arrived home from Christmas shopping to find their nine-year-old pomeranian, Chopper, had been shot and left for dead in their own back yard.
Just before 4pm on Saturday afternoon as the family pulled into their driveway, Mrs Sizer knew something wasn't right.
"Normally Chopper would be running around and come to greet us, but he didn't move," she said.
"I told Scott to stop, got out of the car and ran up to him and I knew he was dead."
Once Mr Sizer caught up to her it became clear that not all was right.
The couple noticed a bullet hole in the dogs right shoulder and a trail of blood leading around the backyard to where the dog had fallen.
"The whole situation was just terrible but the worst thing was that our girls got a full view of everything," Mrs Sizer said.
"He was still warm so we knew it hadn't happened long before we arrived home.
"The first thing I did was run next door to see if they had heard or seen anything.
"Unfortunately our neighbour had been out and her husband is deaf so they didn't notice anything."
Mr and Mrs Sizer were left baffled by why someone would do such a thing and why it was only one of their two dogs that was attacked.
"Both dogs were there so we don't know why whoever did this only targeted Chopper."
Cambooya police doorknocked surrounding homes for witnesses while a forensic team scoured the scene for bullet casings and evidence.
The incident has left the family so unsettled they are even considering selling their property and moving from the area.
"This really has me worried about the safety of my two girls," Mrs Sizer said.
"We are seriously considering selling up and moving away."
Cambooya Police Senior Constable Andy Sewell said investigations will continue however no suspects or evidence has been recovered at this time.
attack dog family pets safety shooting
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12334
|
__label__wiki
| 0.693606
| 0.693606
|
Lifestyle / Entertainment / TV & Film / TellyBox
TellyBox: Top Gear is funny again
by Rebecca Shearer
June 29 2019, 9.45am
Picture Shows: Chris Harris, Freddie Flintoff and Paddy McGuinness.
Want to read more?Subscribe today from £1.49
Rebecca is delighted to report Top Gear is funny again now that Freddie Flintoff, Paddy McGuinness and Chris Harris have taken the wheel. Just don’t tell her friends…
I have to be honest with you, fellow TellyBoxers, I felt a bit uninspired by this week’s offerings. Somehow I started watching a new gameshow called Hey Tracey (Mondays at 10pm on ITV 2) and got a whole five minutes into it before experiencing some deep emotional scarring.
I think it happened around the time presenter Joel Dommett walked on to the stage to the sound of some tuneless children singing his name. It was truly the most uncomfortable I’ve felt in a while – even more so than the 45 minutes of watching Gemma Collins on Celebrity Crystal Maze last week.
So, part of my rehabilitation was to find something that would make me feel warm, safe and as though I was consuming a nice big bowl of tomato soup – the tellybox version of comfort food, if you will. This may come as a surprise, but my comfort telly is Top Gear.
Every living being who knows me well will tell you I know zilch about cars. But for many of my childhood years, watching Top Gear was a regular occurrence on a Sunday night for me and my dad. I didn’t care too much for the cars, but the humour of Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond and James May was always something I could share with my father, him being the funniest person I know.
Top Gear presenters.
It was also these same Sundays that got me into watching Formula One racing – yet another piece of information my pals are going to gawp at. I was only a little sad when Clarkson & Co left, as by that point I had moved up to Dundee for uni, so those Sundays with my dad became less of a norm. But I was definitely left upset when I saw who they had been replaced by – I’ll give you a hint, it starts with a “C” and ends with “hris Evans”.
However, I’ve heard good things about the newest offering and felt it showed promise having Freddie Flintoff, Paddy McGuinness and Chris Harris at the helm. Top Gear is funny once again.
Sunday’s episode was all about electric cars and actually made it interesting. The three presenters made their own cars, in a similar vein to what Clarkson et al would do, then raced them round a disused power station.
The presenters with their electric cars.
Freddie commented on Paddy’s, saying “you look like you’re about to go ram raid an Argos, look at the state of you!”. And comments were made over Chris Harris’s red turtle neck.
“You’ve come dressed as Spiderman’s grandma!”.
There were times I was laughing out loud. I like this new version of Top Gear, with its natural humour (perhaps more so than Clarkson et al) and I will welcome it back with open arms.
Top Gear airs on BBC 2 every Sunday at 8pm.
More from The Courier
Paddy McGuinness leaves fans in hysterics after ‘drunk’ This Morning appearance
Paddy McGuinness reveals he is kept in the dark about Top Gear stunts
Paddy McGuinness had to tackle flying fear before joining Top Gear
It’s been a quiet day: Lord Hall jokes as he unveils new series of Top Gear
Freddie Flintoff
Paddy McGuinness
tellybox
Daily poll
Harry Dunn’s family seek ‘urgent’ review of road safety around US bases
Direct flights from coronavirus-hit region of China face enhanced monitoring
Tranmere without Ollie Banks for Watford FA Cup replay
Scots shoppers given the chance to win £10k of free shopping as Lidl celebrates opening 100th store
Supermarket chain Lidl are offering Scots shoppers the chance to win £10,000 of free shopping this weekend.
Father with rare blood cancer releases charity single in bid for donor
A father of two with an incurable form of blood cancer is releasing a charity single, backed by comedian Al Murray, in a bid to find a donor.
Railcard for military veterans to be launched on Armistice Day
A new railcard for military veterans will be launched in November, the Department for Transport has announced.
In pictures: London foundry casts the famous Bafta masks ahead of awards ceremony
Bafta preparations are under way at a foundry in London, where the bronze masks are being cast ahead of the awards ceremony in less than two weeks’ time.
V&A boosts Dundee economy by £21 million since 2018 opening
V&A Dundee had a £75 million economic impact across Scotland in its first year after opening, according to new independent research. The study, conducted by Ekosgen, found that visitors to
Major new exhibition at Dundee University will welcome some of Canada’s most exciting artistic talent
Some of Canada’s most exciting artistic talent is to be showcased as part of a major new exhibition at the University of Dundee. Ambiguous Becoming: Artists’ Moving Image from Canada,
SeeDundee’s Big Weekend Giveaway is BACK — enter now!
Who remembers the SeeDundee Big Weekend Giveaway (2019 edition)? Places to eat. Places to drink. Places to stay. Amazing prizes. All free for one lucky winner. We had hundreds of
V&A Dundee nominated for European Museum of the Year award
V&A Dundee has been nominated for one of the world’s most prestigious cultural prizes. Scotland’s first design museum has been shortlisted for the European Museum of the Year Award 2020.
IKEA’s New Eco-friendly Store Promises Trees Instead of Parking
IKEA may have recently revealed plans to open a new high street store in London, but it’s not the only eco-friendly store on the cards.
18 Eco Friendly Gifts Every Environmental Enthusiast Will Love
If you’re looking for the perfect eco friendly gifts that can be enjoyed by your friends and family this year, look no further.
This Flat-Pack Sofa Collection Could Be 2020’s Biggest Furniture Trend
The Swyft sofa collection is a new affordable furniture collection that can be built with just two hands and no hard-to-use tools.
Zero Waste Cafe and Loose Food Refill Store Will Help You Save the Planet While You Shop
With the war on plastic and excess waste increasingly taking centre stage, a zero waste cafe and store has offered an exciting way to shop.
Harris Gin Has Revealed a Cute New Bottle Design for Valentine’s Day
Classy looking new bottle label from Harris Gin
This No-Bake Blood Orange Gin & Chocolate Cheesecake Is Out of This World
When chocolate and gin is combined we’re very excited.
Review: Tommy’s Gin
This gin boasts a fantastic intensity of favours.
A Gin and Elderflower Lemon Sherbet Cocktail Is a Sip down Memory Lane
Chesterfield Lemon Sherbet Gin is a delicious, zesty and sweet tipple, reminiscent of the childhood sweetie favourites lemon sherbets. The citrussy gin has a base of Chesterfield Dry Gin and…
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12335
|
__label__cc
| 0.724261
| 0.275739
|
CHINA | How to spend 2 days in China’s ancient capital of Xi’an
Xi’ans Muslim food district, China
How to spend two days in Xi’an
After spending a couple of days in Chongqing – one of the country’s emerging mega-cities – we took a domestic flight to nearby Xi’an in Shaanxi Province, to experience a truly ancient pocket of China.
It’s a humbling 3000 years old, and was the country’s capital during no less than thirteen dynasties, spanning 1000 years. Once the terminus of the Silk Road, it brought migrants to China from the likes of Mongolia and Korea, as well as Muslims. The result today is a vibrant and exciting melting pot of cultures and religion, and some seriously good food (check out my post 6 must-eat dishes from Xian’s Muslim quarter).
Xi’an’s glory days – occupied by great emperors, merchants, warriors, poets and courtesans – may be long gone. But the history remains, and there’s a lot of it to take in. The Ming-era city walls are still there, and the narrow lanes and street hawkers of the Muslim Quarter will keep most people entertained for hours. Dynastic enthusiasts could easily stay busy for a week.
Below are a few pointers on what to see and do that could nicely fill a couple of days or so. As always, if you’re able to stay longer, do. I wish I had extended my trip by two more days, as I felt I’d only just tapped the surface. I really enjoyed Xi’an and it’s intimacy. And I absolutely loved the food. I hope to be back some day.
What to do in Xi’an
Take a morning Tai Chi lesson
How zen does our Tai Chi master in white look below? We popped over to Revolution Park one morning to both witness and participate in some of the daily group exercise routines that take place. It was full of elderly people working up a sweat, bending and flexing whilst doing aerobics, dancing, Tai Chi, playing sports, and generally putting us young bucks to shame.
We were privileged to have a Tai Chi grand master show us some basic moves, having practiced the discipline himself for 30 years. His precise and fluid movements drew a big crowd, who also stuck around to watch (and film) us westerners give it a go too. We did pretty well in the heat; it’s far more demanding on the body than it looks! Kudos to the little old ladies who can lunge with far greater stability than the rest of us – great glute action.
And it reminded me of that time I was coerced to join in a similar activity in the village of Mae Rim near Chiang Mai – that was a great evening.
There’s nothing stopping visitors turning up and latching onto a group, copying the movements. It’s good fun.
Revolution Park, 53 Siwu Road, Xi’an 710004
early morning Tai Chi in Revolution Park, Xi’an
Marvel at the vast Army of Terracotta Warriors
This UNESCO heritage site is so much awesome, really. All these thousands of clay statues were accidentally discovered just 40 years ago, which is pretty cool in itself.
So, what’s the story? In a nutshell, two thousand years ago, three large underground pits were created, housing these armies of soldiers with real weapons in their hands. The Qin Dynasty emperor at the time, who these were made for to protect him in the afterlife, made no recording of their existence – he wanted them to remain a secret forever. He even had those who designed the pits killed so they couldn’t reveal how to find them. They were hidden there, covered by a wooden roof and buried under five meters of soil, for 2000 years.
Fast forward to the 1970’s and a farmer stumbled across some fragments as he was digging his field to make a well. The rest as they say, is history. The farmer himself did pretty well out of the discovery; credit to him for not keeping it a secret for fear of angering the gods (as his friends wanted to), and sharing it with the relevant authorities.
Two thousand soldiers currently stand, but archaeologists estimate there are around 8000 in total. They’re still excavating and reassembling the pieces today. Only one terracotta warrior was found completely in tact – the kneeling archer (the close up below). The rest were smashed to pieces which have painstakingly been put back together over the last 40 years, in what is possibly the world’s biggest jigsaw puzzle.
The place is fascinating, and there’s so much more to it than I can do justice here. Saying it’s a must visit when in Xi’an is an understatement; people from around the world visit Xi’an because of the Terracotta Warriors. Heck, my boyfriend joined the queue at 6am one Saturday morning to ensure he got in, when some of the warriors were loaned to the British Museum in London a few years back. He was a little envious I got to see the real deal.
It costs about 200 RMB (£23) to get a taxi from Xi’an city to the Terracotta Warrior museum, and is roughly a fifty minute drive. My advice is to get a guide to talk you through the history of it all; it will really bring it to life.
Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, Lintong, Xi’an
the Terracotta Warrior Museum, Xi’an
Learn how to make (and eat) dumplings
The latter is a lot easier than the former, let me tell you. I’ve tried making Chinese dumplings before; let’s just say I’m lacking in natural talent.
Xi’an was the capital of the whole of China for a whopping 13 dynasties spanning more than 1000 years, and it’s regarded as the home, if not the birthplace of the fine art of dumplings. And who doesn’t love a good Chinese dumpling. No one, is the answer to that.
Rice isn’t grown in this part of the country as the climate is too dry, and it’s too far from the sea. Instead, corn and wheat is the staple, which means noodles and dumplings are the carb of choice in Shaanxi cuisine.
De Fa Chang is one of Xi’an’s most famous restaurants, and it’s the place to visit for dumplings. The chefs craft these little packages of joy in every conceivable shape, colour, and with a whole host of fillings. Enjoying a dumpling banquet here is highly recommended (see below), but if you can get someone who knows the lingo to organise a dumpling demonstration for you too (perhaps ask your hotel concierge to give them a call), all the better for it.
De Fa Chang, 3 West Street, Lianhu, Xi’an +86 29 8721 4060
dumpling making at De Fa Chang Restaurant, Xi’an
Soak up Xi’an’s Muslim quarter
Look for the old Drum Tower located in the northwest quadrant of the ancient walled city, and you have the main entry to Xi’an’s Muslim Quarter. Initial impressions are dominated by loud hawking and bright neon signs. But spend a little more time here and you’ll soon realise it’s an area steeped in history.
This neighbourhood has been home to a largely Muslim population since the 7th Century AD, and many say the local cuisine found in these parts have changed little since then. I’m writing a whole separate post on what to eat in Xi’an’s Muslim Quarter – stay tuned.
Expect lots of tourists. Tons of them, mostly Chinese. But walk these streets, sample the street food, and soak up the great atmosphere. And when it all gets a bit too hectic, head to the serenity of The Great Mosque.
Unlike most mosques found across the rest of the world, The Great Mosque in Xi’an is completely Chinese in construction – not a dome or traditional minaret in sight. Built in 742 AD during the Tang Dynasty, it’s a stunning example of Islamic culture and traditional Chinese architecture blending seamlessly, and is one of the most revered mosques in the country.
The Great Mosque, near the Drum Tower on 30 Huajue Lane, Xi’an
scenes from the Muslim quarter and the Grand Mosque, Xi’an
Where to eat in Xi’an
Full on Shaanxi feast at Shaanxi China Folk’s Restaurant
This small chain started as a modest eatery, expanding to eleven sites across Xi’an since it launched in 1999; they’re very popular with locals after classic Shaanxi cuisine. We visited what’s probably the most accessible location on The North 2nd Ring Road. As is often the case with Chinese restaurants in China, it’s big. Covering two floors, it also has an 800 square meter banquet hall to accommodate big events.
All sorts of beautiful food was brought to our table, including stuffed lotus root, a whole fried chicken, vegetables and more. But the winning dish, and one of my favourite things I ate throughout the whole China trip, was their you po mian (biang biang) – hot oil noodles. Wide and very long belt noodles, ground meat, vegetables, black vinegar, red-hot peppers, and garlic, with hot oil being added last, then the whole thing is tossed. Simple and so very excellent.
Bai Xing Chu Fang (China Folk’s Restaurant), No.111-1, Weiyang Road, Weiyang District, Xian
Shaanxi dishes at Bai Xing Chu Fang (China Folk’s Restaurant)
you po mian at Bai Xing Chu Fang (China Folk’s Restaurant), Xi’an
Dumpling banquet at De Fa Chang dumpling house
Following on from the dumpling demo above, we went on to enjoy De Fa Chang’s fourteen course dumpling banquet. A formidable array of stuffed dough with some serious tourist appeal, pretty much everyone who visits Xi’an will come here to experience this. That’s not necessarily a bad thing, as the majority of those tourists are Chinese. And if anyone knows a good Chinese dumpling, it’s the Chinese. Right?
There were loads of different colours and shapes, with fillings like duck and sesame, pork with black fungus, pork with leek, and spicy chicken. There were Shaanxi fried dumplings with celery, pork and chilli, even more dumplings, plus half a dozen non-dumpling plates for starters. It ended with the Empress Dowager Cixi Hotpot, which involves your fortune being told by how many teeny chicken dumplings end up in your bowl. I got three, which means a good career, I’m told. I have to say, I really enjoyed this meal.
De Fa Chang has been at the foot of the historic Bell Tower, serving up bite-sized parcels of pleasure, since 1936. They boast over 300 varieties of dumpling, and I would advise going for the full on banquet set menu served upstairs, rather than choosing from the a la carte downstairs. For all that food, it was only around 150 RMB per person, about £15. Be sure to get your hotel to book ahead.
De Fa Chang, 3 West Street, Lianhu, Xi’an, China, +86 29 8721 4060
dumpling banquet at De Fa Chang dumpling house, Xi’an
Ancient Qin Dynasty feasting at Qin Restaurant of Real Love
Any excuse to don a cool ancient Chinese outfit in a restaurant with a funny English translation. Qin Restaurant of Real Love is a Qin dynasty themed get-up, housed in a modern high-rise. The meal involves a series of small dishes that capture the flavours and techniques that once graced the dining tables of emperors.
What struck me was how very Japanese this experience was, from the table set up, to the way of eating, to the traditional attire which looked exactly like a kimono. Of course, the response to me raising this observation was that the Japanese stole all this from the Qin Dynasty. I’m sure the Japanese have a similar, but opposing view.
Dishes were very different to modern day Shaanxi meals, altogether much more delicate in flavour. Think hot and sour soup, seasoned cold noodles, smoked fish, deep-fried meat balls with spiced salt, boiled white radish with abalone sauce, steamed pumpkin with fried vegetables, steamed bean curd, stewed pasta with pork and vegetables, and pan-fried golden persimmon cake.
You’ll receive a copy of the menu written in both Chinese and English, along with a stamp of the emperor’s seal on the back – a nice souvenir to take away.
traditional Qin Dynasty banquet at Qin Restaurant of Real Love, Xi’an
Where to stay in Xi’an
I had a very pleasant stay at the Hilton Hotel in Xi’an, with an elegant and large room and a glass wall separating the bathroom to the rest of the space. It’s in an ideal location, set within the ancient City Wall, and very close to landmarks like the Bell Tower, which is where you’ll find De Fa Change dumpling house.
Hilton Hotel Xian, 199 Dongxin Road, Xin Cheng District, Xi’an 710005
The Hilton Hotel, Xi’an
How to get to Xi’an
Finnair were the first Western European airline to fly non stop to China; it was Beijing in 1988. They were also the first Western European airline to fly to Xi’an. Another claim is they were the first airline in the world to send SMS messages to customers regarding their flights. Which is fitting, seeing as SMS was invented in Finland.
Their minimum connection time in Helsinki is 35 mins, and they’re rather proud of their extremely low statistic of only losing 4 in 1000 pieces of luggage – that’s a very good number.
I was lucky enough to experience their fully flat beds in business class, which included some of the best food I’ve eaten at 30,000 feet. That’s thanks to the new culinary collaboration for long-haul business passengers, with world-class chefs Steven Liu from China and Sasu Laukkonen from Finland, launched in April 2016 this year.
Think such Nordic delights as cucumber and dill soup with yoghurt and smoked salmon tarter; pressed beef neck with celeriac puree, herb butter and spring vegetables; Peltolan Blue and Viinitarhuri Finnish cheeses; organic Finnish ice cream by Jymy; and a very healthy stock of the excellent Finnish Napue gin, voted the best gin in the world to have with tonic, according to the International Wine and Spirit Competition (IWSC).
Get a couple of those down your neck along with some fine bubbles, and you can start the holiday well before you get there.
aboard a Finnair flight from Xi’an to Helsinki
China Guides
Finnair worked with the China International Travel Service for the guides that accompanied us in both Chongqing and Xian.
Note: This trip and the flights was hosted by Finnair. Thank you to everyone involved for a truly wonderful experience. Must get back to China… All views remain my own, as always.
CHINA: 8 Sichuan dishes to eat in Chongqing
CHINA: 6 must-eat dishes from Xi’an’s Muslim quarter
4 Reasons Why Quai Branly Paris Is An Unmissable Museum
Previous Post RECIPE | Almond and thyme-crusted macaroni cheese muffins
Next Post RECIPE | Vegetarian vine leaf dolma stuffed with rice and herbs
REVIEW | Smörgåsbord at Grand Hotel, Stockholm
CHANNEL ISLANDS | Review of The Jersey Michelin Experience with The Atlantic Hotel
Week 19 THAILAND | Bangkok
NORTH SPAIN | 7 Awesome Things To Do In Bilbao And La Rioja
Week 15 CAMBODIA | Kep
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12336
|
__label__wiki
| 0.828046
| 0.828046
|
The Free Library > Science and Technology > Biological sciences > The Botanical Review > March 1, 2018
The Free Library > Date > 2018 > March > 1 > The Botanical Review
Lessons on Evolution from the Study of Edaphic Specialization.
<a href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Lessons+on+Evolution+from+the+Study+of+Edaphic+Specialization.-a0535816756</a>
MLA style: "Lessons on Evolution from the Study of Edaphic Specialization.." The Free Library. 2018 New York Botanical Garden 22 Jan. 2020 https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Lessons+on+Evolution+from+the+Study+of+Edaphic+Specialization.-a0535816756
Chicago style: The Free Library. S.v. Lessons on Evolution from the Study of Edaphic Specialization.." Retrieved Jan 22 2020 from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Lessons+on+Evolution+from+the+Study+of+Edaphic+Specialization.-a0535816756
APA style: Lessons on Evolution from the Study of Edaphic Specialization.. (n.d.) >The Free Library. (2014). Retrieved Jan 22 2020 from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Lessons+on+Evolution+from+the+Study+of+Edaphic+Specialization.-a0535816756
"The red-rock forest may seem hellish to us, but it is a refuge to its flora ... it is the obdurate physical (and chemical) adversity of things such as peridotite bedrock which often drives life to its most surprising transformations" (Wallace, 1983)
Over a century and a half after Darwin's On the Origin of Species, there is little doubt that ecological adaptation plays a crucial role in the diversification of species (Nosil, 2012). The study of ecological speciation marks a central theme in evolutionary biology, with a major focus on understanding the role of adaptation in reproductive isolation (Baack et al., 2015) and species divergence (Schemske, 2010).
Plants found on 'extreme' soils, those characterized by unusual chemical (pH, ionic strength, nutrients, or heavy metals) or physical conditions (soil moisture, temperature, texture, structure, or depth), provide model systems to examine the role of edaphic (soil-related) adaptation in ecological speciation (Rajakaruna, 2004; Kay et al, 2011) and adaptive radiation (Ellis & Weis, 2005; Paun et al., 2016; Shimizu-Inatsugi et al., 2016). The landmark papers "Evolution in closely adjacent plant populations" (Antonovics, 2006 and references therein) focused on the evolution of metal tolerance in the grasses Anthoxanthum odoratum and Agrostis tenuis on mine tailings in Europe. These classic papers, along with early studies of ecotypes on western North American serpentine soils (Anacker, 2014 and references therein), illustrated how strong selection can maintain distinct sub-populations in the face of gene flow, highlighting three key lessons from edaphic specialization pertinent to evolution: first, edaphic transitions often have direct or indirect effects on reproductive isolation between ecologically-divergent populations (Christie & Macnair, 1987; Wright et al, 2013), suggesting a link between adaptation and speciation; second, some populations can evolve (or lose) tolerance to edaphic conditions rapidly and with relative ease, suggesting that major gene loci (i.e., loci with large phenotypic effects) could be driving adaptive evolution (Macnair, 1983; Bratteler et al., 2006, 2006; Lowry et al., 2012); and third, populations within some species can independently evolve tolerance to edaphic conditions (i.e., tolerance evolves multiple times within a species), suggesting a tendency towards parallel evolution (Rajakaruna & Whitton, 2004; Ostevik et al., 2012; Roda et al., 2013). Edaphic specialists, especially plants growing in ultramafic (Harrison & Rajakaruna, 2011; Anacker, 2014), gypsum (Moore et al., 2014; Escudero et al., 2015; Bolukbasi et al., 2016), mine tailing (Ernst, 2006), seleniferous (Schiavon & Pilon-Smits, 2017), and saline (Saslis- Lagoudakis et al., 2014; Cheeseman, 2015) habitats, are now at the forefront of plant evolutionary research, providing model systems for exploring factors and mechanisms driving evolutionary processes from the species to community level (Cheplick, 2015).
In this review, I highlight studies of edaphic specialists from serpentine outcrops, saline soils, gypsum and other carbonate deposits, and heavy metal-rich mine tailings, and explore such questions as:
* How do edaphic endemics evolve (i.e., what are the major pathways to edaphic specialization)?
* Are edaphic endemics new or old species?
* How does adaptation contribute to reproductive isolation?
* Is the transition to edaphic endemism directional, and are edaphic endemics evolutionary dead-ends?
* Does parallel evolution of traits conferring adaptations and reproductive isolation occur frequently in edaphic specialists?
* How does tolerance to edaphic extremes influence competitiveness in 'normal' soils, i.e., what is the cost of tolerance?
* Do interactions with herbivores or microbes drive the evolution of edaphic specialization?
* Are edaphic specialists more or less sensitive to climate change?
* What is the genetic basis of edaphic specialization and speciation? Is there evidence for horizontal gene flow conferring edaphic adaptation or for genetic similarity among the mechanisms used by different species under any given edaphic stress?
Finally, I outline directions for future research on the use of edaphic specialists as model systems to study evolutionary processes across cellular, organismic, population, and community levels.
How do Edaphic Endemics Evolve?
Colonization of new environments, including edaphic islands, can be achieved by ecotypic differentiation via local adaptation or by phenotypic plasticity (Hereford, 2009; Palacio-Lopez et al., 2015). Early studies in Sweden (Turesson, 1922) and California (Clausen et al., 1940) demonstrated that local adaptation is common in species distributed across altitudinal and climatic gradients. Similarly, elegant transplant experiments conducted by the British Ecological Society from the 1920s to the 1930s highlighted edaphic factors as potent agents of selection (Marsden-Jones & Turrill, 1938). The long-term Park Grass Experiment in Rothamsted, UK (Silvertown et al., 2006), in which the grass Anthoxanthum odoratum was subjected to different fertilizer and lime treatments across multiple plots, showed local adaptation to soil types over a relatively short period. These studies exemplified how experimental methods such as common garden and reciprocal transplant experimentation can be used to examine how phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation contribute to habitat specialization (Wright & Stanton, 2011).
Species living in harsh environments, including on edaphic islands, have genotypes either broadly tolerant to wide-ranging environmental conditions (Bradshaw, 2006) or locally adapted to specific ecological factors characteristic of the 'home' environment, i.e., ecotypes (Lowry, 2012). Ecotypes are a critical stage in the speciation process, and the recognition of such populations is vital for evolutionary studies (Via, 2009). The existence of sharp habitat boundaries between ecotypes is a compelling phenomenon that has provided some of the best experimental evidence of natural selection in the wild (Rajakaruna & Whitton, 2004). Although there is much support for ecotypic differentiation and species-level endemism among flowering plants found on edaphic islands (O'Dell & Rajakaruna, 2011), such edaphic specialization is not as well- documented among ferns, gymnosperms, mycorrhizal fungi, lichens, or bryophytes (Rajakaruna et al., 2014).
It is important to examine factors and mechanisms driving rapid evolution in response to environmental pressures, such as those influencing plants on edaphic islands. Still, it is equally critical to pay attention to 'genostasis,' in which the lack of sufficient genetic variation may result in evolutionary failure (Bradshaw, 1991). Early work on mine tailings (Antonovics, 2006 and references therein) provides an example: at edges of mine tailings, some species maintain heavy metal-tolerant and - intolerant genotypes located only a few centimeters apart. In many other adjacent species, such edaphic differentiation is not found. Most species found off of mine tailings are unable to colonize metal-contaminated soil because they do not have the necessary alleles for adaptive variation (Antonovics, 1976). Additionally, a meta-analysis of studies of local adaptation showed that only 45% of population pairs (out of 1,032 compared) had better performance of the 'home' population relative to the 'away' population at both sites (Leimu & Fischer, 2008). This suggests that habitat-mediated selection may not be as common in plants as generally assumed. Lack of local adaptation may result from reasons other than the lack of necessary genetic variance (Bell, 2012; Cheplick, 2015), including insufficient time for adaptive evolution, a high degree of phenotypic plasticity, extensive gene flow, and random genetic drift due to founder events. Further, lack of local adaptation may be a statistical/methodological artifact of choosing study habitats that are too similar in their major selection pressures (Cheplick, 2015).
Landmark papers on factors and mechanisms driving habitat specialization (Mason, 1946a, b; Raven, 1964) provided an early framework for understanding the role played by soil-based selection in the origin of new species. These ideas offered a context to envision a set of stages that may lead to the establishment of an edaphically endemic species, from the initial tolerance of an edaphic condition by preadapted genotypes to clear-cut species formation (Kruckeberg, 1986). While this sequence represents a relatively precise picture of the evolutionary pathways to endemism, it does not indicate why some genotypes evolve through all the steps and others do not. It is possible that there is a relatively higher cost of broad tolerance in edaphic endemic species relative to the cost of tolerance found in widespread taxa with broad edaphic tolerance (Kazakou et al., 2008; Maestri et al., 2010). Thus, only lineages experiencing a high cost of broad tolerance will be subjected to strong divergent selection across an edaphic boundary, leading to evolution of ecotypes and edaphic endemic species. The decisive step distinguishing an ecotype from an endemic species is likely the acquisition of complete reproductive isolation between the ancestral population and the ecotype, allowing an independent gene pool to evolve (Macnair & Gardner, 1998; Lowry, 2012). Flow this occurs, especially when populations are not geographically isolated, is a fundamental question in speciation research (Kay et al., 2011; O'Dell & Rajakaruna, 2011).
Populations that become geographically isolated can gradually acquire genetic differences through selection and drift, and eventually become reproductively isolated through the process of allopatric speciation. Past climate fluctuations and other dramatic environmental changes may have led to the extinction of widespread populations due to massive vegetation shifts such as those that occurred during postglacial reforestation (Slovak et al, 2012). Those surviving relict populations, especially those isolated on edaphic islands, may have become differentiated by means of allopatric speciation. Further, chance dispersal into novel edaphic habitats, particularly during strong climatic oscillations of the Quaternary, would have also provided conditions of relaxed competition, facilitating the evolution of edaphic specialization (Dillenberger & Kadereit, 2013). Thus, allopatric speciation may be a particularly important pathway for the origin of edaphically restricted paleoendemic species (Table 1). Abrupt and sharply delineated edaphic habitats often provide opportunities for the divergence of edaphic specialist species along contact zones through the process of parapatric speciation (Table 1). There are major challenges, however, in demonstrating a parapatric origin for a species, as speciation must occur without a geographic barrier to gene flow. First, it is possible that the initial evolution of traits driving reproductive isolation may have occurred under allopatric conditions (Pettengill & Moeller, 2012); a new species that evolved under allopatry may subsequently come into contact along an edaphic boundary and appear identical to parapatric species in being relatively young, ecologically divergent, and reproductively isolated. Further, reinforcement of reproductive isolation (Pfennig & Pfennig, 2009), a process by which selection can minimize maladaptive hybridization, may take place upon contact with those populations that initially diverged under allopatry, thereby completing the speciation process. Genetic analyses can help distinguish whether divergence first occurred in allopatry and speciation was completed by reinforcement (Widmer et al, 2009), although extensive introgression and hybridization following secondary contact may make such determinations difficult (Barraclough & Vogler, 2000; Ortiz-Barrientos et al., 2009; Strasburg et al., 2012). How speciation can proceed in the face of gene flow between potentially interbreeding populations, including among parents and newly formed hybrid species (Andrew et al., 2012; Renaut et al., 2013), is especially revealing of the challenges associated with habitat specialization under parapatry. Gene flow can dilute the adaptive differences that selection generates between divergent populations; this may be especially problematic when one population is significantly larger than the other, as in the case of a newly divergent population found adjacent to an ancestral population, or in the presence of asymmetric gene flow (Ellstrand, 2014). However, if the edaphic condition confers strong selection pressures on one side of the edaphic barrier and there is strong selection against the tolerance genes on the other side of the edaphic boundary (i.e., low 'Haldanian' fitness), then one could expect evolution to occur even in the presence of gene flow.
Similarly, case studies of sympatric speciation (i.e., evolution from a single ancestral species in the same location) must demonstrate species co-existence, sister relationships, reproductive isolation, and that a former allopatric phase is highly unlikely. In two palm species of Howea, endemic to the remote Lord Howe Island, Australia, divergence in blooming periods is strongly correlated with soil type; only a few genetic loci are more divergent between the two species than expected under neutrality, a finding consistent with sympatric speciation involving disruptive or divergent selection (Savolainen et al., 2006; Fig. la). Morphotypes of the palm Geonoma macrostachys in Peruvian lowland forests provide another example of sympatric speciation likely occurring between ecologically divergent (via soil and light) and reproductively isolated (via phenology and pollinators) populations (Borchsenius et al., 2016).
Budding or peripatric speciation is a diversification process through which new species form at the periphery of an ancestral population. In this case, a few preadapted genotypes encounter and colonize an edaphic island resulting in edaphic specialization. Budding speciation appears to be especially common in plants (Crawford, 2010), as high rates of selfing (Antonovics, 1968) and polyploidization (Soltis et al., 2004) result in abrupt reproductive isolation between the ancestral and derivative populations. As the initial peripheral populations are small, they can often quickly acquire reproductive isolation via catastrophic selection, i.e., differential survival during an episode of mass extinction (Gottlieb, 2004), or strong divergent selection (Grossenbacher et al., 2014). At the time of speciation, sister taxa will exhibit highly asymmetrical and completely or partially overlapping distributions, yet occupy distinct microhabitats (Gottlieb, 2004), such as edaphically contrasting microsites. Eighty percent of the sister species of Mimulus show patterns consistent with budding speciation: pairs are broadly sympatric, have highly asymmetric distributions, and occupy distinct habitats (Grossenbacher et al., 2014), suggesting that ecologically divergent taxa in this genus (Lowry et al., 2008) may have arisen from budding or peripatric speciation (see Table 1 for additional case studies).
A meta-analysis of phylogenies available for plants in the California Floristic Province (CFP) showed that of 71 sister pairs from 12 families, 57 pairs (80%) were broadly sympatric (Anacker & Strauss, 2014). Range sizes of sisters differed by a mean of 10-fold and range overlap and range asymmetry were greatest in younger sisters, suggesting that in the CFP, budding speciation has been an important pathway for the origin of neoendemic species. Interestingly, of the 71 sister pairs they examined, 29 (41 %) showed complete edaphic shifts whereas 20 (28%) showed partial edaphic shifts, strongly implying that budding speciation via edaphic specialization is commonplace in the edaphically-heterogeneous landscape of the CFP. Similarly, in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa, 87% of sister species show partial or complete ecological shifts; however, complete edaphic shifts were found in only 17% of CFR pairs (van der Niet & Johnson, 2009) versus in 41% of the CFP pairs. This difference may be attributable to lower levels of edaphic and topographic heterogeneity in the CFR compared to the CFP, likely making edaphic transitions less significant in speciation (Anacker & Strauss, 2014).
Hybridization, with or without polyploidy, can play a critical role in the origin and establishment of edaphic specialists (Abbott et al., 2013; De Storme & Mason, 2014), especially under parapatric, sympatric, and peripatric modes of speciation. Studies of the relative importance of hybridization and polyploidization on the origin of edaphic endemics show that introgression between close relatives and subsequent adaptation of hybrid offspring to novel edaphic conditions, when directly or indirectly resulting in reproductive isolation with parental taxa, can result in the origin and establishment of hybrid species (Table 1). Edaphic divergence of the hybrid species from its parental taxa appears to be central to the successfitl origin of several hybrid species, occurring even in the absence of post-zygotic isolation caused by chromosomal and other genetic incompatibilities (Abbott et al., 2010). There is strong evidence, via reciprocal transplant and common garden approaches, for greater fitness of a hybrid in a novel edaphic habitat relative to that of parental taxa for the sand dune specialist Helianthus anomalus and the salt marsh specialist H. paradoxus (Fig. 1 b), although such conclusive evidence is lacking for another hybrid species, H. deserticola (Edelist et al., 2009; Donovan et al., 2010). Similarly, a Salix hybrid complex from the European Alps has greater tolerance to cold temperatures and nutrient-poor/low pH soils than either parent (Gramlich et al., 2016). The hybrids appear to have originated after glaciers retreated and established persistent populations within a few decades. A major factor contributing to hybrid establishment under sympatric settings is the ability to occupy more extreme edaphic niches relative to either parent species (Abbott et al., 2010; Gramlich et al., 2016).
Are Edaphic Endemics New or Old Species?
Edaphic specialists, formed through the multiple modes described above, have often been used to compare the relative importance of rapid versus gradual speciation in the origin of endemic species (Pepper & Norwood, 2001; Anacker, 2014). Edaphic specialists can arise under both of these scenarios (i.e., rapid versus gradual). Recently evolved neoendemics can evolve from nearby, non-specialized relatives via rapid and local speciation, including via parapatric, sympatric, and peripatric modes (Anacker & Strauss, 2014; Ferris et al., 2014; Schneider et al., 2016). In contrast, ancient paleoendemics may have evolved via gradual speciation through biotype depletion, including via allopatric (vicariant) speciation, as has been shown for the Streptanthus glandulosus complex (Mayer & Soltis, 1994), Caulanthus amplexicaulis var. barbarae (Pepper & Norwood, 2001), and for Minuartia spp. (Moore et al., 2013; Moore & Kadereit, 2013; Table 1). There is ample evidence from studies of edaphic specialists that large-scale geographic isolation is not always critical for diversification; total reproductive isolation can be achieved even in the face of gene flow (Antonovics, 2006). In fact, recent phylogenetic investigations suggest that neoendemism may be the norm in cases of edaphic specialization, not the exception (Baldwin, 2014). Peripatric or budding speciation is an especially common mode of speciation among neoendemic edaphic specialists, with high rates of selfing and polyploidization causing immediate reproductive isolation between adjacent yet edaphically distinct populations (Gottlieb, 2004). Strong directional and disruptive selection that often occurs across edaphic boundaries, combined with parallel changes contributing to reproductive isolation between divergent populations, can lead to rapid and local speciation (Levin, 1993; Crawford, 2010). In peripatric speciation, the progenitor species is initially paraphyletic; however, lineage sorting and extinction will eventually result in monophyly (Crawford, 2010). Case studies of edaphic differentiation in which there are phylogenetic or population genetic data to support relatedness between edaphically divergent taxa are listed in Table 2 along with additional evidence for edaphic divergence via ecological, physiological, reproductive, or genetic studies (when available).
How Does Adaptation Contribute to Reproductive Isolation?
Establishing a direct or indirect link between traits that confer edaphic adaptation and traits that contribute to reproductive isolation is strong evidence for the role of edaphic factors in the divergence of species (Hopkins, 2013; Wright et al., 2013). Classic studies of plants on mine tailings in Europe (Antonovics, 2006 and references therein) clearly demonstrated that rapid and repeated evolution of metal tolerance is often associated with the evolution of prezygotic isolating mechanisms, including the evolution of both self-compatibility (Mousset et al, 2016 and references therein) and earlier flowering in metal-tolerant populations (Antonovics, 2006 and references therein). Both of these traits significantly limit gene flow between divergent populations, aiding in the evolution of independent gene pools under strong edaphic selection. Flowering time shifts in Anthoxanthum odoratum in the Park Grass Experiment, at the boundaries between plots vastly varying in soil pH, have resulted in reduced gene flow (Silvertown et al., 2005). Adjacent populations that had a common origin at the start of the experiment in 1856 have now diverged at neutral marker loci, suggesting that reinforcement (i.e., selection against maladaptive hybridization) has been key to completing speciation. Establishing a direct link between pH tolerance and flowering time is necessary to confirm the role of such reinforcement in speciation. Interestingly, there was no indication of reinforcement at the boundaries of plots with smaller pH differentials, suggesting a link between pH preference and flowering time. Earlier flowering times have often been documented for serpentine-associated taxa, including those in the Lasthenia californica complex (Yost et al., 2012), Helianthus exilis (Sambatti & Rice, 2007), Mimulus spp. (Macnair & Gardner, 1998; Selby et al, 2014), Gilia capitata (Kruckeberg, 1951), and Lep to siphon spp. (Kay et al., 2011). Near complete reproductive isolation between coastal and inland populations of Mimulus guttatus has been achieved by selection against immigrants and flowering time differences (Lowry et al, 2008). The annual, inland populations exposed to more summer drought flower early compared to the perennial populations along the coast on more moist soils. Diversification within the stone plant genus Argyroderma of the Western Cape Province in South Africa also appears to have occurred through allopatric adaptive speciation, under strong edaphic-mediated divergent selection along with reproductive isolation achieved through divergence in flowering times (Ellis et al., 2006). In the well documented case of sympatric speciation in Howea, the shift in flowering phenology between species on volcanic and calcareous soils dramatically reduced interspecific gene flow (Hipperson et al., 2016; Fig. la). There also appears to be a pleiotropy between flowering time and adaptation to drought, salinity, and pH, driving speciation (Dunning et al., 2016). Temporal isolation is a key factor in facilitating plant speciation; however, flowering time differences between close relatives can arise as a flexible response to divergent edaphic conditions (Levin, 2009) or through direct or pleiotropic genetic effects of edaphic adaptations (Hunter & Bomblies, 2010; Selby et al., 2014).
Soil constituents, such as heavy metals, are directly implicated in causing reproductive isolation between close relatives. Copper tolerance in Mimulus guttatus is expressed in the sporophyte as well as in the pistil (Searcy & MacNair, 1993). Copper in the pistils acts as a selective agent since seed production is reduced when pollen donors are maladapted to copper-rich soils (Searcy & Mulcahy, 1985; Searcy & MacNair, 1990). Metal accumulation in reproductive organs generates a strong prezygotic isolating mechanism by decreasing reproductive output in crosses between edaphically divergent parents. Therefore, edaphic factors directly act as reproductive barriers, favoring reproduction between plants growing under similar edaphic conditions and minimizing gene flow between edaphically divergent taxa.
Serpentine tolerant Brassicaceae endemics can limit nickel uptake into the shoot, particularly into reproductive organs, while non-endemics accumulate significantly more nickel into reproductive organs relative to shoots (Meindl et al., 2014). In the selenium hyperaccumulating Stanleya pinnata, selenium is preferentially allocated to flowers, while the non-accumulating relative Brassica juncea has higher selenium concentrations in leaves relative to flowers (Quinn et al., 2011a). Selenium had no effect on pollen germination in the hyperaccumulator, but it impaired pollen germination in the relative, showing a possible evolutionary cost for selenium accumulation through decreased pollen germination in the non-accumulating taxon.
Pollinators can distinguish between 'clean' nectar and that contaminated with metals, and avoid nectar enriched with metal because of toxicity (Meindl & Ashman, 2013). Pollinator preference of nectar, therefore, can potentially limit gene flow between close relatives found on distinct substrates. Additional trait differences between edaphically divergent taxa can also act as reproductive barriers, including flower size differences leading to differential pollinator preferences (Gardner & Macnair, 2000) and pollen-stigma incompatibilities leading to reduced potential for fertilization (Rajakaruna & Whitton, 2004).
Edaphic specialists also provide opportunities for examining how post-zygotic isolating mechanisms contribute to edaphic divergence. In the Mimulus guttatus complex, there is evidence for inviability in hybrids between metal-tolerant and intolerant parents (Gardner & MacNair, 2000), although such post-zygotic isolation is not a factor between coastal and inland ecotypes of the same taxon (Lowry et al., 2008). Work on copper tolerance in M. guttatus (Macnair & Christie, 1983; Wright et al., 2013) has revealed a genetic association between edaphic tolerance and hybrid inviability (Fig. 1c). In Collinsia sparsiflora, ecotypic adaptation to serpentine is associated with the expression of hybrid sterility between serpentine and nonseipentine ecotypes, over spatial scales of less than 1 km (Wright & Stanton, 2007; Moyle et al., 2012; Fig. Id). Further, allozyme (Wright & Stanton, 2011) and microsatellite data (Moyle et al., 2012) suggest there is little genetic differentiation between ecotypes, indicating that hybrid sterility may have recently evolved.
A potentially fascinating example of the relationship between adaptation and reproductive isolation yet to be studied lies in the progenitor-derivative species pair of Layia glandulosa subsp. lutea and L. discoidea (Baldwin, 2005). Unlike Mimulus, in which hybrid lethality has been documented between copper-tolerant and -intolerant taxa (Wright et al., 2013), there is complete fertility between artificial crosses of the serpentine-intolerant and serpentine-endemic Layia species; however, spontaneous hybrids are not found in nature, suggesting that partially or completely reduced hybrid fitness in one or both parental habitats may be responsible for the diversification. Additionally, it is unknown whether the flower shape (discoid- vs. ray-flowered) plays a role in pollinator preferences or whether potential differences in flowering time, especially when populations occur along contact zones, contribute to pre-zygotic isolation. Similarly, factors contributing to reproductive isolation between the guanoendemic Lasthenia maritima and its close relative, the coastal bluff-specialist L. minor, are little-known (Rajakaruna, 2004). There is evidence for greater self- compatibility within the guano-endemic (Crawford et al., 1985), resembling the trends shown for some metal-tolerant species (Mousset et al, 2016 and references therein); however, it is unclear whether other isolation barriers, such as differences in pollinators or flowering times, or hybrid lethality and reduced fitness of hybrids in parental habitats, also contribute to preserving isolation. Further, the physiological bases for guano adaptation are also unknown. Whether the high nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphoms), low pFI (due to uric and other acids), or some other chemical or physical factor of guano drives selection on these substrates needs further investigation. For both Layia and Lasthenia case studies, QTL-based comparative genome mapping and transcript profiling approaches (Sun & Schliekelman, 2011) can be used to determine whether any traits conferring adaptation to substrate have effects on traits contributing to reproductive isolation between the divergent taxa.
Are Edaphic Endemics Evolutionary Dead-Ends?
The growing availability of molecular phylogenies has provided us with means to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of habitat specialization (Vamosi et al., 2014), including directionality of evolution of edaphic endemism (Anacker et al, 2011). Population genetic and phylogenetic analyses of serpentine-tolerant plants (Mengoni et al., 2003a, b; Nyberg Berglund et al., 2004; Anacker, 2011), metallophytes (Mengoni et al, 2001; Pauwels et al., 2005), halophytes (Bennett et al., 2013), calciphiles (Klein & Kadereit, 2015), and gypsophiles (Bresowar & McGlaughlin, 2015) have demonstrated that tolerance to edaphic conditions has been gained numerous times within various groups of angiosperms and has even been lost in some groups, suggesting that traits conferring edaphic tolerance are evolutionarily labile. Further, differences in the evolutionary dynamics (i.e., gains vs. losses) of edaphic tolerance documented among different lineages may result from association of edaphic tolerance traits with other ecophysiological traits related to tolerance of environmental stresses, with edaphic tolerance being more easily gained in preadapted lineages (Saslis-Lagoudakis et al, 2014; Selby et al, 2014). The direction of serpentine endemism among genera with serpentine-tolerant species in California is mostly from non-tolerant and - tolerant species to endemic species, with a few reversals from the tolerant or endemic state to the non-tolerant state (Anacker et al, 2011). This suggests that the evolution of edaphic endemism may represent an evolutionary dead-end. This may not always be the case, however, as endemics are often able to influence adjacent populations by repeated episodes of introgression and polyploidization. In the diploid-tetraploid complex of Knautia arvensis, recurrent polyploidization within serpentine populations followed by hybridization with the neighboring non-serpentine tetraploid populations, has allowed serpentine tetraploids to escape from their serpentine refuge and spread further into non-serpentine habitats (Kolar et al., 2012). Similarly, endemic Streptanthus clades are often quite diverse, with endemism having evolved numerous times and having been lost at least once (Cacho et al., 2014). In Arabidopsis, there is also evidence for serpentine-tolerant loci being introgressed from one serpentine-endemic to another (Arnold et al, 2016) and for hybridization between two sympatric and diploid limestone endemics, giving rise to a tetraploid siliceous soil endemic (Schmickl & Koch, 2011). These findings suggest that edaphic endemism does not always represent an evolutionary dead-end and that endemics have the potential to further diversify within (Cacho et al., 2014) or across substrates (Schmickl & Koch, 2011).
How Does Tolerance to Edaphic Extremes Influence Competitiveness in 'Normal' Soils?
Edaphic islands have long been considered a refuge from competition (Kruckeberg, 1954), suggesting that tolerance to edaphic extremes has a cost. However, the idea of a trade-off of competitive ability for tolerance (i.e., trade-off hypothesis) needs close scrutiny via experimentation (Harper et al., 1997a). Edaphic specialists, compared to non-specialists, often appear to be less competitive (Milla et al., 2011; Moore et al., 2013; Anacker, 2014; Bastida et al, 2014) and more susceptible to herbivory when found on 'normal' soils (Dechamps et al, 2008; Kay et al., 2011; Strauss & Boyd, 2011). However, plants that specialize in a particular edaphic setting (e.g., a metal mine) may have adapted not only to the increased metal concentrations but also to other stressors such as drought, low nutrients, high light, and poor soil structure characterizing the mine site. Therefore, it is unclear if a reduction in fitness or competitive ability results from the direct cost associated with metal tolerance per se (i.e., trade-off hypothesis) or with other correlated traits conferring adaptation to the mine site. To demonstrate that a negative correlation between traits is the result of pleiotropy (and not via gene/s in linkage disequilibrium with metal tolerance gene/s) it is essential to experimentally demonstrate that the traits are genetically correlated (Partridge & Sibly, 1991). Experimental studies on copper tolerance in Mimulus guttatus (Harper et al., 1997a), however, provide no clear evidence in support of a trade-off hypothesis. Additionally, low fitness of metal tolerant plants in 'normal' environments can also result from an increased metabolic requirement for the metal (i.e., metal requirement hypothesis). Studies conducted on M. guttatus, however, show no such increased requirement for copper (Harper et al., 1997b, 1998), suggesting that neither the tradeoff hypothesis nor the metal requirement hypothesis can ftilly explain the cost of copper tolerance in M. guttatus. Additional experimentation will likely reveal that it is not one trait but a suite of adaptive traits (i.e., genes, their modifiers, and the interactions between them; see Smith & Macnair, 1998) that has a cost in a 'normal' habitat. Similarly, there is little evidence of a cost for tolerance to either low soil calcium to magnesium ratios or high concentrations of heavy metals, two key selective pressures experienced by plants growing on serpentine soils (Brady et al., 2005; Kay et al., 2011). Serpentine endemics, however, are typically slow-growing and stress-tolerant, rather than fast-growing and what is typically considered as competitively superior (Anacker & Harrison, 2012; Fernandez-Going et al., 2012), consistent with the notion of a tradeoff between competitive ability and tolerance to serpentine. Indigenous resistant plants on serpentine soil have less competition from invasive species when growing on serpentine soil (Harrison, 1999; Gram et al., 2004; Going et al., 2009), but are poor competitors on high-nutrient soils (Rice, 1989; Jurjavcic et al, 2002; Vallano et al., 2012). Regardless, the evidence that competition is reduced on serpentine soils (Moore & Elmendorf, 2011) and that edaphic endemics are competitively inferior is not substantial (Powell & Knight, 2009; Fernandez-Going & Harrison, 2013). Furthermore, these hypotheses of a cost of tolerance have not been tested in numerous lineages, nor have they been examined across distinct substrate types.
Comparing pairs of sister taxa could help reveal the evolutionary costs of habitat specialization relative to broad tolerance and address why some species become edaphic specialists whereas others maintain general-purpose genotypes (sensu Baker, 1965) that can tolerate wide-ranging habitat conditions. A widely-distributed Aquilegia subspecies has greater adaptive phenotypic plasticity and higher competitive ability than a related taxon that is a narrow endemic (Bastida et al., 2014). This suggests that adaptive plasticity, competitive ability, and lineage history all contribute to phenotypic divergence, edaphic niche specialization, and range distribution.
The hypothesis of a greater cost of tolerance and resulting trade-offs in competitive ability is, however, gaining recognition as a potentially important driving force in the evolution of edaphic endemism. The integration of molecular phylogenies with descriptive and experimental ecological data reveals that occupation of bare habitats is a precursor for serpentine specialization in Streptanthus and close allies (Cacho & Strauss, 2014) and may be central to soil specialization. When comparing ancestor-derivative species pairs, it was evident that shifts onto serpentine soils were not from soils with a low calcium to magnesium ratio or high nickel content (like those characteristic of serpentine soils) but from bare microhabitats. Preadaptations to features characterizing bare habitats, including water stress, combined with inherently lower competitive ability, perhaps due to increased investment for defense (Strauss & Cacho, 2013), may have enabled the colonization of serpentine (also, see von Wettberg et al., 2014), leading to multiple origins of serpentine adaptation among Streptanthus and allies (Armbmster, 2014). Whether such preadaptation to bare habitats is a precursor for adaptation to other rock outcrop plant communities can be tested via similar approaches, using a combination of molecular phylogenetic and ecological data (Cacho & Strauss, 2014).
Does Parallel Evolution Occur Frequently in Edaphic Specialists?
Parallel (or repeated) evolution provides strong evidence for the role of ecology in driving divergence (Nosil, 2012). Parallel edaphic adaptation may be achieved via the evolution of novel alleles contributing to specialization or via parallel increases in the frequency of alleles (Faria et al., 2014). Repeated evolution of traits may not be unusual in clades that have undergone ecological radiation, particularly in those taxa adapted to environments imposing strong divergent selection such as harsh edaphic environments (Levin, 2001; Mengoni et al., 2003a, b). When changes in edaphic tolerance are associated with changes in reproductive compatibility, a case for parallel ecological speciation can be made (Rajakamna & Whitton, 2004). Contrary to these findings, there are only a limited number of studies showing the repeated evolution of traits conferring adaptation and reproductive isolation in plants, i.e., parallel ecological speciation (Ostevik et al., 2012). Interestingly, of the 23 potential cases for parallel ecological speciation cited by Ostevik et al. (2012), 10 are from plants adapted to harsh edaphic conditions (see Table 1 in Ostevik et al, 2012). The prevalence of cases of edaphic adaptation among the limited number of studies of parallel ecological speciation suggests that parallel evolution appears to occur more often in, or is better known from, edaphic specialists relative to other species. Genomic methods can play an important role in determining whether parallel (via independent evolution of the same or different genes; Nichols & McNeilly, 1982; Levin, 2001; Rajakamna et al, 2003c) or horizontal gene flow of clustered genes (via introgression; Arnold et al, 2016) are responsible for the parallel evolution of edaphic tolerance.
Do Interactions with Herbivores or Microbes Drive the Evolution of Edaphic Specialization?
Plant interactions with other organisms, including those that are mutualistic and antagonistic, appear to have a role in edaphic specialization (Strauss & Boyd, 2011; Van Nuland, 2016). Harsh soils, which are often nutrient-poor, water-stressed, trace-element rich, and found in barren and open landscapes, may increase physiological costs associated with herbivore damage as well as make plants more conspicuous to herbivores (Strauss & Boyd, 2011). Edaphic specialists may be more susceptible to herbivory than their non-specialist relatives and plant-herbivore interactions can sometimes be central to edaphic specialization (Fine et al., 2004; Van Zandt, 2007; Lau et al., 2008). Increased herbivore pressure due to increased noticeability on rock outcrops can drive increased investment in defense strategies among edaphic specialists (Strauss & Cacho, 2013). The high costs of defense can result in trade-offs in plant competitiveness (Fine et al., 2006) and restrict plant distributions on harsh soils, contributing to high rates of edaphic endemism. Similarly, the pathogen refuge hypothesis (Kruckeberg, 1992; Springer, 2007) suggests that plants will experience lower disease pressure on serpentine and other edaphically harsh environments, either through reduced disease transmission rates in sparsely populated serpentine plant communities (Thrall et al., 2007) or through lowered disease-associated damage, as has been shown for serpentine-adapted Hesperolinon (Springer, 2009). Serpentine specialists within Hesperolinon are less susceptible to fungal infection, perhaps due to their ability to selectively uptake calcium, which is required to initiate an effective immune response. Less specialized species appear to be more susceptible to fungal disease on serpentine soil (Springer, 2007, 2009). Such a pathogen-refuge effect might also reinforce edaphic associations among plants and promote greater edaphic specialization. In parapatric coastal populations of Senecio lautus, herbivores have a central role in preventing gene flow in the field via differential seedling predation of both migrants and hybrids, whereas soil elemental content contributes to divergent selection on populations both locally and on a geographic scale (Melo et al., 2014).
Specialization in plant host-symbiont-soil interactions may also facilitate plant adaptation to edaphic stress and subsequent specialization (see Table 2 in Van Nuland, 2016). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are common root symbionts that can increase a plant hosts' establishment and growth in edaphically-stressful environments (Palacio et al., 2012; Schechter & Branco, 2014; Southworth et al., 2014). There are plant and microbial symbionts that enhance plant adaptation to edaphic stress (Thrall et al., 2007), showing that co-adapted interactions may play a role in edaphic specialization. For example, arsenic-tolerant AMF suppress high-affinity arsenate/ phosphate transport in the roots and decreases arsenic uptake by the arsenic- tolerant grass, Holcus lanatus, showing that arsenic-tolerant AMF may contribute to enhanced arsenic-tolerance in the metal-tolerant populations of the grass (Gonzalez- Chavez et al., 2002). However, salt-tolerant Acacia species from a high-salinity environment are less dependent on Rhizobium bacteria than salt-sensitive hosts from less stressful environments, suggesting plant-rhizobial mutualisms may be less important in plant adaptation to salinity (Thrall et al., 2008). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal assemblages associated with serpentine and non-serpentine ecotypes of Collinsia sparsijlora showed that plant ecotypes are associated with distinct AMF assemblages (Schechter & Bmns, 2008); however, a common garden test of host-symbiont specificity provided no evidence of adapted host ecotype-AMF specificity, suggesting that soil type, not microbial specificity, is key to determining AMF assemblage structure in C. sparsijlora (Schechter & Bmns, 2013). Findings on plant host-microbial symbiont specificity and the role of AMF on edaphic stress tolerance in higher plants are variable (Thrall et al., 2008; Glassmand & Casper, 2012); some AMF, however, have the capacity to confer metal tolerance in some plant host species either via sequestration or by contributing to growth enhancement via increased nutrient acquisition (Schechter & Branco, 2014). Such mutualistic interactions are clearly beneficial for some plant species, allowing them to colonize harsh soils and thus setting the stage for potential divergence.
The ecological and evolutionary significance of metal hyperaccumulation has received much attention (Boyd, 2014). The selective pressure for resistance to pathogens and herbivores may also result in fixation of metal hyperaccumulating trait(s) in plant populations (Boyd, 2007; Horger et al., 2013). Metal (and metalloid) hyperaccumulation has a profound effect on cross-kingdom interactions (El Mehdawi & Pilon-Smits, 2012; Boyd, 2014) as metal-hyperaccumulating plants offer a specialized niche for metal-tolerant herbivores, pollinators, microbes, and neighboring plants. For example, high levels of metal in plant tissues reduce herbivory (Quinn et al., 2010) and pathogen infection (Fones et al, 2010) and result in increased litter decomposition by specialized microbes (Quinn et al, 2011b), causing an elemental allelopathic effect on metal-intolerant neighbors (El Mehdawi et al, 2011); all these effects can influence the fitness of plants accumulating the metal, thereby contributing to edaphic specialization. Plant-microbe interactions may also influence gene flow between divergent populations due to microbe-assisted edaphic differentiation. A study of an Artemisia hybrid zone in central Utah showed that the microbial community influenced the performance of parental and hybrid plants in native and nonnative soils, segregating the distinct populations and likely contributing to their edaphic divergence (Miglia, 2007).
Metal-hyperaccumulator plants found on serpentine and other metal-rich environments are hosts to insects that appear to have co-evolved with them (Boyd, 2014). Some of these insects do accumulate heavy metals to toxic levels (Boyd, 2007) and may use them as defense against natural enemies (i.e. elemental defense hypothesis; Boyd, 2007). Although only one study supports this hypothesis (Boyd & Wall, 2001), little research regarding this hypothesis has been conducted to date. There is also no overwhelming evidence for a cost of hyperaccumulation in terms of reproductive functions or pollinator visitation. For example, pollinators of Stanleya pinnata, a Sehyperaccumulator, showed no visitation preference between high- and low-Se plants, suggesting greater tolerance to the metalloid (Quinn et al., 2011a). Whether the presence of aluminum and nickel in nectar of Impatiens capensis alters foraging behavior by bumblebees has also been investigated (Meindl & Ashman, 2013). The presence of aluminum in nectar did not influence foraging patterns; however, flowers containing nickel-laden nectar solutions had shorter visits relative to controls, and even resulted in reduced visitation of nearby nickel-contaminated flowers. Reduced visitation by native pollinators has also been documented for Streptanthus polygaloides (Meindl & Ashman, 2014) which accumulates nickel in pollinator rewards such as nectar and anthers. Although heavy metal effects on plant-pollinator interactions are clearly context-dependent, edaphic features, such as heavy metal concentrations, have the capacity to influence gene flow and reproductive isolation between close relatives through pollinator selection.
Are Edaphic Specialists More or Less Sensitive to Climate Change?
Species can respond to climate-associated stressors via both phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation (Valladares et al., 2014). Edaphic specialists, many of which display largely disjunct but widespread distributions, are ideal models for exploring how climate interacts with edaphic factors to influence plant distribution (Damschen et al., 2010; Sanchez et al., 2017). It is easy to envision how an altered climate regime can have differential effects on populations of an ecologically widespread taxon. For example, serpentine populations are generally better-adapted to low moisture conditions typical of their mostly exposed, rocky, and shallow soils (Wu et al., 2010) and may be able to withstand increased aridity and high temperatures. Therefore, under a drying climate, as is predicted for some parts of the world, nonserpentine populations may be extirpated, whereas serpentine populations, already preadapted to aridity, could survive and become endemic due to the extinction of the more widespread nonserpentine populations (Moore et al., 2013; but see Anacker, 2014). Pronounced climatic oscillations of the Quaternary period appear to have forced populations of Sempervivum, Jovibarba, and Adenostyles to respond via latitudinal or altitudinal shifts into edaphically unsuitable but relatively competition-free habitats (Klein & Kadereit, 2015). This set the stage for the divergence of edaphically specialized species via allopatric speciation. A similar scenario is presented for the evolution of the edaphically specialized Lilium pyrophilum (Douglas et al., 2011).
There is increasing evidence that climatic and edaphic factors interact to control local adaptation and substrate endemism (Fernandez-Going, 2014). Serpentine endemism peaks in wet regions both in California and some other parts of the world (Anacker, 2011; Femandez-Going, 2014), likely due to increased competition on 'normal' substrates under more productive climates. At the community level, there is also more species, functional, and phylogenetic turnover across edaphic boundaries in mesic relative to arid regions of California (Anacker & Harrison, 2012). Furthermore, serpentine endemics in California generally occupy wetter regions than even their closest relatives (Femandez-Going, 2014), but this is only true in the case of neoendemics arising from serpentine-intolerant ancestors; more productive climates may have been more suitable for the persistence of small neoendemic taxa with novel adaptations during and after speciation. Paleoendemics, on the other hand, occupy similar climates to those of their closest relatives, suggesting that range contractions leading to biotype depletion may have been similar in arid and mesic regions (Anacker, 2014). It is as of yet unclear whether climate can alter soil-specific competitiveness in edaphic endemics (see Fernandez-Going & Harrison, 2013) and whether paleoendemics and neoendemics differ in their sensitivities to competition.
Climate change will clearly have differential effects on the ranges of edaphic specialists. In California, future climate conditions may extend the potential range of many endemics (Loarie et al., 2008); however, whether edaphic endemics can naturally disperse to suitable habitat is questionable (Damschen et al., 2012; Spasojevic et al., 2014). Preadaptations to dry conditions may allow edaphic specialists to expand their current range (Femandez-Going et al, 2012; Femandez-Going, 2014) and even be more competitive with non-specialists off of their special edaphic niche (Moore et al, 2013). Tolerance of edaphic stress appears to go hand-in-hand with tolerance of climatic stress for plants growing on serpentine soils, linking soil infertility to a stress-tolerant functional trait syndrome that confers unusually high resistance to climate change upon plant species and communities (Harrison et al., 2015). Therefore, in the absence of nutrient deposition, stress-tolerant invasive species, and habitat loss, edaphic specialists may perform better under future warmer/drier climates relative to plants adapted to more fertile soils. With possible range expansions onto 'new' habitat, however, they will no longer be restricted to their special edaphic niche, thereby losing their edaphic endemic status (Anacker, 2014). Habitat patchiness may also contribute to invasiveness, with competitive and dispersal abilities evolving more rapidly on island-like habitats (Williams et al., 2016), suggesting that fragmentation can select for more rapid invasion velocity. How these findings are influenced by different climatic regimes, or by habitat patches with different levels of edaphic stress, are also important avenues for research. Naturally fragmented edaphic islands, such as serpentine outcrops, are model habitats for exploring such questions and for testing the roles of patch size, shape, type (soil), and isolation in ecological and evolutionary processes (Gil-Lopez et al., 2014).
What is the Genetic Basis of Edaphic Specialization and Speciation?
In the era of genomics, there are many tools (e.g., Bratteler et al, 2006a, b; von Wettberg & Wright, 2011; Selby et al, 2014) at our disposal to explore the genetic basis of adaptation to harsh environments, including the nature of adaptation to dissimilar habitats with similar abiotic stressors (e.g., arid and saline habitats contributing to water stress, saline and serpentine soils contributing to ionic stress, or serpentine and carbonate soils contributing to high pH). Phylogenetic analyses show that there is a significant association between halophytes and metal hyperaccumulators, although within each group there is low phylogenetic clustering (Moray et al., 2016), suggesting that salinity and metal tolerance can vary among close relatives. In Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae, halophytes and hyperaccumulators are more closely related than would be expected if the two traits had evolved independently, suggesting a strong genetic association between the abilities to tolerate salt and heavy metals. Studies of evolutionary ecology now routinely use high-throughput sequencing and other genomic approaches to examine the genetic basis of speciation (Tiffin & Ross-Ibarra, 2014) and these methods have clearly promoted the study of edaphic adaptation (Turner et al, 2010; Porter et al., 2017).
Genomic polymorphisms that are differentiated between edaphically contrasting populations can reveal candidate loci for edaphic adaptation. Gene pool sequencing of serpentine and granitic populations of Arabidopsis lyrata from the USA shows that the polymorphisms that are most strongly associated with soil type are loci for heavy-metal detoxification and calcium and magnesium transport, providing several candidate loci for serpentine adaptation (Turner et al., 2010), including CAX7, which appears to be responsible for adaptation to low calcium to magnesium ratios characteristic of serpentine soils (Turner et al., 2008). Moreover, the same associations between individual loci and serpentine tolerance were observed in the European subspecies of A. lyrata, further implicating edaphic selection. The sequencing of three candidate loci in the European subspecies indicated parallel differentiation of the same polymorphism at one locus, confirming edaphic specialization, and different polymorphisms at two other loci, suggesting convergent evolution. Whether these loci also contribute to reproductive isolation between progenitor-derivative taxon pairs is unknown.
Adaptation to low soil calcium to magnesium ratios has often been suggested as key to serpentine tolerance (Palm & Van Volkenburgh, 2014). In serpentine-intolerant Arabidopsis thaliana, an induced loss of function mutation in the [Ca.sup.2+]- [H.sup.+] antiporter, CAX1, enhances survival on soils with a low calcium to magnesium ratio (Bradshaw, 2005). CAX1 is a high-capacity [Ca.sup.2+]-[H.sup.+] antiporter that maintains cytoplasmic ion homeostasis by pumping excess calcium from the cytoplasm into the vacuole (Cheng et al, 2003). Mutation of CAX1 effectively acts as a magnesium exclusion strategy, enabling the plant to maintain adequate cytoplasmic calcium concentrations under the low calcium to magnesium ratios encountered on serpentine soils.
Additional candidate genes have recently been identified for serpentine adaptation in autotetraploid Arabidopsis arenosa, providing evidence that some selected alleles were introgressed from the diploid serpentine-endemic A. lyrata, whereas others were independently involved in separate adaptation events in the two species (Arnold et al, 2016). The research by Arnold et al. (2016) shows strong evidence for selection on genes that control specific ion homeostasis-related traits, as well as drought adaptation. Although several alleles under selection appear to have been introgressed from A. lyrata, others have been independently selected following serpentine colonization in both species. The significant overlap between selected genes in serpentine- endemic A. arenosa and A. lyrata suggests that adaptations to serpentine are not qualitatively different between diploid and tetraploid species. The work described above on Arabidopsis (Turner et al., 2008,2010; Arnold et al., 2016) advances our understanding of the polygenic basis of multi-trait adaptation to serpentine soils and its repeatability across species. Further, the work suggests that edaphic divergence can occur even in the presence of high levels of inter- and intraspecific gene flow. Serpentine- tolerant Arabidopsis taxa, along with their close relatives, can provide a useful system for investigating the genetics of speciation under the serpentine influence.
The genetic tools at our disposal (Sun & Schliekelman, 2011; von Wettberg & Wright, 2011; Tiffin & Ross-Ibarra, 2014) can reveal the genetic architecture of adaptive traits that confer reproductive isolation (i.especiation genes; Nosil & Schluter, 2011) and whether the same alleles or different alleles contribute to parallel evolution (Ostevik et al., 2012), revealing new insights into the mechanisms by which natural selection can bring about adaptation, reproductive isolation, and speciation. Mechanisms resulting in reproductive isolation may be incidental byproducts of natural selection on linked loci or on loci with pleiotropic effects. For example, plant populations on serpentine and other harsh edaphic settings often flower early (O'Dell & Rajakamna, 2011). Such phenological isolation could be a byproduct of adaptation to harsh soils or a result of an independent set of genetic changes that were favored by natural selection (Baack et al., 2015). A detailed genetic analysis of the alleles responsible for reproductive barriers can separate these hypotheses, particularly when traits are correlated and contribute to reproductive isolation. In Mimulus, differences in flowering time are often associated with differences in soil water availability (Wu et al., 2010; Friedman & Willis, 2013). In wet coastal and dry inland populations of Mimulus guttatus (Lowry et al., 2008), an inversion polymorphism appears to be a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for flowering time and growth-related traits, explaining 20-30% of the variation observed between populations (Lowry & Willis, 2010). Reciprocal transplant experiments have demonstrated strong local adaptation in traits that map to the inversion and differ between the coastal and inland ecotypes (Lowry et al., 2008; Hall et al., 2010).
In Mimulus guttatus, the locus that contributes to copper tolerance also leads to hybrid lethality in crosses between copper-tolerant and -intolerant populations (Macnair & Christie, 1983). High-resolution genome mapping show that copper tolerance and hybrid lethality are not caused by the same gene, but are separately controlled by two tightly linked loci (Wright et al., 2013; Fig. lc). Selection on the copper tolerance locus indirectly causes the hybrid incompatibility allele to increase in frequency in the mine population via hitchhiking. Therefore, hybrid incompatibilities can evolve as a byproduct of an adaptation to a novel edaphic environment. Whether there are similar bases for hybrid lethality between edaphically divergent ecotypes of serpentine tolerant species such as Collinsia sparsiflora (Moyle et al., 2012; Fig. Id) remains to be seen.
Current model systems are not representative of all life history strategies and are mostly restricted to herbs, and we need to continue to add new model systems to allow comparative approaches for exploring the intricacies of adaptive evolution (Selby et al., 2014; von Wettberg et al., 2014). In this regard, the extensive work on the genetics of metal tolerance (Verbruggen et al., 2009) in metal-accumulating and hyperaccumulating plants used in phytoremediation (Rascio & Navari-Izzo, 2011), and work on the genetics of abiotic stress tolerance and phenology in crops (Roy et al., 2011), are important for examining the genetic bases for edaphic adaptation and species divergence.
Conclusions and Future Directions
Edaphic specialists are key players in the study of local adaptation and ecological speciation (Crawford et al., 2014). Ecological, physiological, phylogenetic, and population genomic studies of plants growing on serpentine, saline, and metal-contaminated soils continue to shed light on factors and mechanisms driving ecological speciation (Table 2). Studies such as those on Mimulus on copper-enriched soil (Macnair & Christie, 1983; Macnair et al., 1993; Wright et al., 2013; Fig. lc], Collinsia and Arabidopsis on serpentine soil (Moyle et al., 2012; Turner et al., 2010; Fig. Id), Helianthus on saline soils (Edelist et al, 2009; Fig. lb], and Senecio on sand dunes and rocky headland soils (Melo et al., 2014), are key to establishing a direct link between adaptation, reproductive isolation, and subsequent speciation. Ongoing research on Mimulus, Helianthus, and Arabidopsis (and others; Tables 1 and 2) will continue to unravel how edaphic conditions can directly or indirectly contribute to species divergence.
Lessons on Evolution
There are several key lessons on evolutionary processes from the study of edaphic specialization:
a. Both adaptive phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation contribute to edaphic divergence. Edaphic specialization is key to diversification in some groups; however, in others, there appears to be lack of variation for adaptation to harsh soils. Although edaphic specialization is important in the diversification of flowering plants and ferns, there is little evidence for its significance in other plant groups such as gymnosperms and bryophytes or in lichens, soil algae, and cyanoprokaryotes.
b. Although edaphic specialists can evolve under allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric modes of speciation, there is strong evidence pointing to budding or peripatric speciation being central to the origin of neoendemic species (Anacker & Strauss, 2014). Additionally, an increasing body of work shows that speciation is possible in the face of gene flow, especially in lineages where there is considerable ecological (including edaphic) divergence. Further, introgression between close relatives can also lead to the acquisition of edaphic tolerance (Arnold et al., 2016).
c. Edaphic adaptations have direct or indirect effects on reproductive isolation; adaptive and reproductively isolating traits can evolve rapidly and repeatedly in some lineages, making edaphic specialists key to studying parallel speciation.
d. There is mixed evidence for a physiological cost of edaphic tolerance driving habitat specialization, although both reduced competitive ability and greater susceptibility to herbivory have been documented among some edaphic specialists when grown in 'normal' soils.
e. Mutualistic and antagonistic interactions with other organisms can mediate edaphic specialization either by directly enhancing tolerance to edaphic extremes via the action of microbes or by reducing gene flow between divergent populations via the action of pollinators, herbivores, and pathogens.
f. Climate and soils can interact to influence edaphic specialization. Future climates may further restrict the distribution of edaphic specialists due to increased competition from invasive species. However, edaphic specialists could also expand their ranges, even outside their edaphic niche, if their preadaptations to drought make them more competitive than non-specialists under a drying climate.
g. QTL mapping studies, population genomic approaches, and high-throughput phenotyping assays, when combined with reciprocal transplant studies using hybrid mapping populations (including, F2, backcross, near isogenic lines, and recombinant inbred lines), can identify major loci contributing to edaphic adaptation to serpentine, saline, and heavy metal-rich soils (Selby et al., 2014). These loci often have direct or indirect effects on loci that contribute to reproductive isolation (Table 2).
Information Gaps and Future Directions
There are several information gaps that need to be addressed to better develop current model systems as well as to incorporate additional taxa for the study of edaphic specialization. The following are key areas for future research:
a. The identification of specific soil factors that are central to edaphic specialization is important for demonstrating the role of adaptation in speciation. Although most studies state only the general soil type (e.g., serpentine versus non- serpentine, saline versus non-saline, gypsum versus non-gypsum, etc.) being investigated, a handful of studies have attempted to examine the exact soil chemical or physical factor contributing to the specialization and/or divergence (Rajakaruna et al., 2003a, b; Bradshaw, 2005; Bratteler et al., 2006, b; Palacio et al., 2007; Edelist et al., 2009; Selby et al., 2014). Identifying the key soil variable or variables is more effective when comparing sister populations found across substrates that differ in a distinct way (e.g., with or without a heavy metal as in the case of copper tolerance in Mimulus). Plant ionomic approaches can also be used to investigate ecological functions of ionomic alleles in the adaptation to distinct soils (Lowry et al., 2012; Huang & Salt, 2016).
b. Better characterization of functional traits (e.g., morphological, physiological, and reproductive traits) between sister species that differ in their edaphic niche is also critical for determining which traits may be contributing to the divergence. Whether traits characteristic of the edaphic habitat are plastic responses or are genetically based should also be confirmed. Once those traits targeted by edaphic selection are identified, the physiological/genetic basis of those traits should be determined. Much of what we know about edaphic specialization comes from studies on plants found on metal mines, serpentine soils, or saline environments of temperate or Mediterranean climes, and it is essential that we expand our studies to identify and characterize systems found on other types of substrates and in other climatic regions of the world. Such a broad survey can reveal similarities and differences in trends associated with speciation resulting from edaphic specialization.
c. Because multiple reproductive barriers can contribute to reduced gene flow between divergent taxa (Baack et al., 2015; Ostevik et ah, 2016), it is important to identify and characterize the relative contribution of all pre- and post- zygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms to the total reproductive isolation between edaphically divergent pairs. The order in which barriers originate and their genetic bases and associations with traits characterizing edaphic adaptations may shed light on the relative importance of each barrier to different stages of a divergence event and at different levels of habitat specialization.
d. Why edaphic tolerance only sometimes leads to speciation is still unknown. It is possible that speciation is more likely when an adaptation or a suite of adaptations comes with a large fitness trade-off between edaphic habitats, contributing to stronger divergent selection across edaphic boundaries. A greater cost of tolerance may lead to adaptations that have a direct or indirect effect on reproductive isolation, leading to the evolution of endemic species. This fundamental gap in our understanding of edaphic specialization can be answered by using multiple, progenitor-derivative taxon pairs that have adaptively diverged along the same edaphic axis but which vary in their accommodation to the substrate (i.e., tolerator versus endemic). Field surveys to characterize the habitat differences (i.e., are endemics found on harsher soils than tolerator species?), reciprocal transplant studies to estimate the fitness trade-offs (i.e., is there a greater cost of tolerance in species pairs with endemics relative to those with tolerators?), and greenhouse studies to assess the extent of reproductive isolation between pairs (i.e., is there greater reproductive isolation in species pairs with endemics relative to those with tolerators) can reveal answers to this critical question.
e. Edaphic specialists offer opportunities, via methods of comparative genomic and population genetic analyses, to examine the relationships among genetic loci that are responsible for adaptations and the degree to which they influence reproductive isolation (Crawford et al, 2014). In addition to the elegant work done on model plants such as Helianthus (Andrew & Rieseberg, 2013), Mimulus (Selby et al., 2014), and Arabidopsis (Turner et al., 2008, 2010; Arnold et al, 2016), the genetic architecture of traits conferring adaptation and reproductive isolation should be explored in other species with good ecological and biological data supporting edaphic differentiation. Serpentine-tolerant plants such as Silene (Bratteler et al., 2006, b), Lasthenia (Rajakaruna, 2003), Layia (Baldwin, 2005), Leptosiphon (Kay et al., 2011), Streptanthus (Pope et al., 2014), and Collinsia (Moyle et al., 2012); metal-tolerant plants including Alyssum, Caulanthus, and Thalspi (Noccaea) (Mengoni et al., 2003a, b; Burrell et al., 2012; Gill et al., 2012); selenium-tolerant plants such as Stanleya and Astragalus (Schiavon & Pilon-Smits, 2017); and gypsophiles such as Mentzelia, Nama, and Helianthemum (Moore et al., 2014 and references therein) are ideal for testing how findings from the model plants may be applicable across a wider range of wild plants experiencing a broader array of edaphic pressures. Taxa within these genera show a range of divergence stages and degrees of edaphic endemism and, in many cases, their natural history and ecology are well documented via both descriptive and experimental methods. For some of these taxa (or their close relatives), there are extensive genetic tools already in place. Genome scans, when combined with candidate gene approaches, comparative transcriptomics, QTL mapping, functional analysis, and experimental manipulation, can reveal loci with high levels of differentiation between edaphically divergent populations, enabling the discovery of genes driving adaptation and reproductive isolation (Selby et al., 2014; Faria et al., 2014; Floban et al, 2016). In species for which there is evidence for parallel evolution of traits, it will be critical to test whether the same or different alleles are responsible for the parallel speciation events (Ostevik et al., 2012; Roda et al., 2013).
f. Edaphic specialists can help determine how prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms limit gene flow between close relatives at various geographical scales. The often widely disjunct and patchy distribution patterns of edaphic specialists provide settings in which to test whether pre-zygotic isolating mechanisms are stronger in populations in parapatry/sympatry relative to those in allopatry. Enhanced reproductive isolation between edaphically divergent taxa found under parapatiy/sympatiy, relative to those in allopatry, may reflect the action of reinforcement, i.e., selection for reduced gene flow to avoid maladaptive hybridization (Widmer et al., 2009). There are only a few well- documented cases of reinforcement in plants (Baack et al., 2015) and edaphic specialists may provide good model systems for testing the importance of this process in plant speciation (see Silvertown et al., 2005).
g. Comparative genomic and population genetic analyses can reveal how habitat specialization is achieved and maintained in the face of gene flow (Papadopulos et al., 2011). Hybridization and polyploidization are ubiquitous forces in the diversification of plants, and edaphic endemic species can help reveal how these two forces influence divergence (Kane, 2009).
h. Chromosomal rearrangements can contribute to reproductive isolation through their effects on hybrid fertility, as well as by reducing interspecific recombination and gene flow (Baack et al., 2015). In Mimulus, a chromosomal inversion polymorphism contributes to differences in flowering time and other traits, as well as multiple reproductive barriers between annual and perennial ecotypes of M. guttatus (Lowry & Willis, 2010). Whether karyological anomalies drive isolation between edaphically divergent individuals must be tested on species pairs showing post-mating and post-zygotic isolation.
i. If soil elements, like heavy metals, have a direct impact on reproductive isolation of edaphically divergent taxa, it is easy to demonstrate that adaptation to a specific soil factor can directly contribute to isolation and subsequent divergence. The work exploring how heavy metal accumulation in reproductive tissue can influence reproductive success (Searcy & MacNair, 1993; Quinn et al., 2011a), including pollinator-mediated isolation (Meindl & Ashman, 2013, 2014, 2015), is important for further exploration, especially in sister taxa in which one taxon is a metal hyperaccumulator.
j. Metal hyperaccumulators have received much attention as candidates for green technologies such as phytoremediation and phytomining (Rascio & Navari-Izzo, 2011). However, they also provide opportunities for exploring the cost of edaphic tolerance hypothesis on habitat specialization. In genera with metal-tolerant, metal-hyperaccumulating, and metal-intolerant species (such as in Alyssum, Thlaspi/Noccaea, Streptanthus, and Silene), sister taxa can be used to test whether there is a trade-off in terms of competitive ability between metal-intolerant versus metal-tolerant and metal-intolerant versus metal hyperaccumulator sisters (prediction: greater trade-off in the metal-intolerant versus metal-hyperaccumulator pair). Further, to explore if the cost of tolerance to edaphic specialization drives speciation, one could test whether there is a greater trade-off between metal-intolerant versus edaphic endemic metal hyperaccumulator pairs or metal-intolerant versus nonendemic metal hyperaccumulator pairs (prediction: greater trade-off in competitive ability in the metal intolerant versus edaphic endemic metal hyperaccumulator pair).
k. Plants found in stressful environments tend to share a suite of traits (i.e., stress resistance syndrome or SRS traits) that provides cross-tolerance to a range of low productivity habitats (Brady et al., 2005; von Wettberg et al., 2014 and references therein). It is unclear if the same SRS loci or different loci are responsible for edaphic shifts seen across distinct substrates (e.g between serpentine and limestone, serpentine and saline, serpentine and mine tailing, limestone and dolomite/gypsum, etc.) characterized by overlapping selection pressures (e.g., drought, pH, ionic strength, ions, etc.). If SRS traits are shared (with or without a similar genetic basis), one can envision how an adaptation to one 'harsh' soil type can preadapt a lineage to another 'harsh' soil type. In Mimulus, Arabidopsis, Helianthus, and others such as Lasthenia (Rajakaruna, 2003), Silene (Mengoni et al., 2001), and Minuartia (Moore & Kadereit, 2013) there are multiple species showing adaptation to numerous soil types, including those characterized by similar selection pressures: ions, pH, drought, etc. Ecological, phylogenomic, and population genomic studies of plants showing such cross-tolerance to distinct soil types can provide insights on common physiological traits and trends associated with edaphic specialization.
l. Climate change is clearly a major stressor influencing plant diversity. How edaphic specialists will respond to climate change may depend on whether they are preadapted to future climate conditions, cross-tolerant to edaphic-climatic stressors (e.g., salt-drought), can compete under novel climates, or can rapidly evolve climate tolerance, as well as how quickly, how far, and how effectively they can disperse into suitable edaphic niches under a changing climate (Fernandez-Going, 2014). Further, how cross kingdom interactions (both mutualistic and antagonistic) might play into these possible outcomes is unknown. Studies of the interaction between climate and edaphic factors in determining the distribution of edaphic specialists should incorporate species from multiple lineages, growth forms, substrate types, and varying climates to gain a better understanding of how climate-associated threats will impact edaphically specialized plants.
The study of edaphic specialization continues to provide unique perspectives on the processes of evolution and will continue to lead the way in understanding the important role ecology plays in the origin of species and assembly of special plant communities. The fast-growing field of molecular ecology will undoubtedly play a key role in this regard, especially by aiding in the discovery of genes responsible for adaptation and reproductive isolation under edaphic influences. Edaphically specialized plants will also provide model systems for exploring little-studied phenomena in plant evolution such as the importance of reinforcement of reproductive isolation in speciation and the nature of parallel speciation. Lastly, research on edaphic specialization, particularly the study of adaptation to edaphic factors such as nutrient levels, salt, heavy metals, and drought, will help counter growing challenges faced in fields such as agriculture (Rozema & Schat, 2013) and habitat restoration (O'Dell, 2014), and contribute to advancing green technologies, including phytoremediation and phytomining (Chaney et al., 2014).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s 12229-017-9193-2
Acknowledgments I would like to thank Bob Boyd, Ian Medeiros. Elizabeth Farnsworth, Susan Harrison, Tanner Harris, and Jonathan Gressel for constructive comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript Additional comments from Mark R. Macnair and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved the manuscript. Funding from the US-Sri Lanka Fulbright Commission during the writing of this review is gratefully acknowledged.
Abbott, R. J., M. J. Hegarty, S. J. Hiscock & A. C. Brennan. 2010. Homoploid hybrid speciation in action. Taxon 59: 1375-1386. '
--, D. Albach, S. Ansell, J. W. Arntzen, S. J. E. Baird, N. Bierne, J. Boughntan, A. Brelsford, C. A. Buerkle, R. Buggs, R. K. Butlin, LI. Dieckmann, F. Eroukhinanoff, A. Grill, S. H. Cahan, J. S. Hermansen, G. Hewitt, A. G. Hudson, C. Jiggins, J. Jones, B. Keller, T. Marczewski, J. Mallet, P. Martinez-Rodriguez, M. Most, S. Mullen, R. Nichols, A. W. Nolte, C. Parisod, K. Pfennig, A. M. Rice, M. G. Ritchie, B. Seifert, C. M. Smadja, R. Stelkens, J. M. Szymura, R. Vainola, J. B. W. Wolf & D. Zinner. 2013. Hybridization and speciation. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 26: 229-246.
Al-Hiyali, S. A. K., T. McNeilly, A. D. Bradshaw & A. M. Mortimer. 1993. The effect of zinc contamination from electricity pylons. Genetic constraints on selection for zinc tolerance. Heredity 70: 22-32.
Anacker, B. L. 2011. Phylogenetic patterns of endemism and diversity. Pp. 49-79. In: S.P. Harrison & N. Rajakaruna (eds.), Serpentine: the evolution and ecology of a model system. University of California Press, Berkeley.
--, J. Whittall, E. Goldberg & S. P. Harrison. 2011. Origins and consequences of serpentine endemism in the California flora. Evolution 65: 365-376.
--& S. P. Harrison. 2012. Climate and the evolution of serpentine endemism in California. Evolutionary Ecology 26: 1011-1023.
--2014. The nature of serpentine endemism. American Journal of Botany 101: 219- 224.
--& S. Y. Strauss. 2014. The geography and ecology of plant speciation: Range overlap and niche divergence in sister species. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 281: 20132980.
Andrew, R., K. L. Ostevik, D. P. Ebert & L. H. Rieseberg. 2012. Adaptation with gene flow across the landscape in a dune sunflower. Molecular Ecology 21: 2078-2091.
Andrew, R. L. & L. H. Rieseberg. 2013. Divergence is focused on few genomic regions early in speciation: incipient speciation of sunflower ecotypes. Evolution 67: 2468-2482.
Antonovics, J. 1968. Evolution in closely adjacent plant populations V. Evolution of self-fertility. Heredity 23: 219-238.
--1976. The nature of limits to natural selection. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gardens 63: 224-247.
--2006. Evolution in closely adjacent plant populations X: long-term persistence of prereproductive isolation at a mine boundary. Heredity 97: 33-37.
Armbruster, W. S. 2014. Multiple origins of serpentine-soil endemism explained by preexisting tolerance of open habitats. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111: 14968-14969.
Arnold, B. J., B. Lahner, J. M. DaCosta, C. M. Weisman, J. D. Hollister, D. E. Salt, K. Bomblies & L. Yant. 2016. Borrowed alleles and convergence in serpentine adaptation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 113: 8320-8325.
Baack, E., M. C. Melo, L. H. Rieseberg & D. Ortiz-Barrientos. 2015. The origins of reproductive isolation in plants. New Phytologist 207: 968-984.
Baker, H. G. 1965. Characteristics and modes of origins of weeds. Pp. 147-172. In: H. G. Baker & G. L. Stebbins (eds.), The genetics of colonizing species. Academic Press, New York.
Baldwin, B. G. 1999. New combinations and new genera in the North American tarweeds (Compositae-Madiinae). Novon 9: 462-471.
--2005. Origin of the serpentine-endemic herb Layia discoidea from the widespread L. glandulosa (Compositae). Evolution 59: 2473-2479.
--2014. Origins of plant diversity in the California Floristic Province. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systcmatics 45: 347-369.
Barraelough, T. G. & A. P. Vogler. 2000. Detecting the geographical pattern of speciation from species-level phylogenies. American Naturalist 155: 419-434.
Bastida, J. M., P. J. Rey & J. M. Alcantara. 2014. Plant performance and morpho- functional differentiation in response to edaphic variation in Iberian columbines: cues for range distribution? Journal of Plant Ecology-UK 7: 403-412.
Baumbach, H. & F. H. Hellwig. 2007. Genetic differentiation of metallicolous and non-metallicolous Armeria maritima (Mill.) Willd. taxa (Plumbaginaceae) in Central Europe. Plant Systematics and Evolution 269: 245-258.
Bell, G. 2012. Evolutionary rescue and the limits of adaptation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B Biological Sciences 368: 20120080.
Bennett, T. H., T. J. Flowers & L. Bromham. 2013. Repeated evolution of salt- tolerance in grasses. Biological Letters 9: 20130029.
Bolukbasi, A., L. Kurt & S. Palacio. 2016. Unravelling the mechanisms for plant survival on gypsum soils: an analysis of the chemical composition of gypsum plants from Turkey. Plant Biology 18: 271-279.
Borchsenius, F., T. Lozada & J. T. Knudsen. 2016. Reproductive isolation of sympatric forms of the understorey palm Geonoma macmstachys in western Amazonia. Botanical Journal of the Lirmean Society 182: 398-410.
Boyd, R. S. 2007. The defense hypothesis of elemental hyperaccumulation: status, challenges and new directions. Plant and Soil 293: 153-176.
--& M. A. Wall. 2001. Responses of generalist predators fed high-Ni Melanotrichus boydi (Heteroptera: Miridac): Elemental defense against the third trophic level. American Midland Naturalist 146: 186-198.
--2014. Ecology and evolution of metal-hyperaccumulator plants. Pp. 227-241. In: N. Rajakaruna, R. S. Boyd & T. B. Harris (eds.), Plant ecology and evolution in harsh environments. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, New York.
Bradshaw, A. D. 1991. The Croonian Lecture, 1991. Genostasis and the limits to evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B Biological Sciences 333: 289-305.
--2006. Unravelling phenotypic plasticity-why should we bother? New Phytologist 170: 644-648.
Bradshaw, H. D. 2005. Mutations in CAX1 produce phenotypes characteristic of plants tolerant to serpentine soils. New Phytologist 167: 81-88.
Brady, K. U., A. R. Kruckeberg, H. D. Bradshaw JR. 2005. Evolutionary ecology of plant adaptation to serpentine soils. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics 36: 243- 266.
Bratteler, M., M. Baltisberger & A. Widmer. 2006. QTL analysis of intraspecific differences between two Silene vulgaris ecotypes. Annals of Botany 98:411-419.
--, C. Lexer & A. Widmer. 2006. Genetic architecture of traits associated with serpentine adaptation of Silene vulgaris. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 19: 1149-1156.
Bresowar, G. E. & M. E. McGlaughlin. 2015. Morphological and genetic discrepancies in populations of Oreocarya paradoxa and O. revealii: The impact of edaphic selection on recent diversification in the Colorado Plateau. American Journal of Botany 102: 1647-1658.
Brokavv, J. M., T. A. Johnson & C. H. Hofsommer. 2015. Edaphic Specialization in the Cryptic Species Mentzelia monoensis (Loasaceae). Madrono 62: 88-100.
Burge, D. O. & P. S. Manos. 2011. Edaphic ecology and genetics of the gabbro- cnderaic shrub Ceanothus roderickii (Rhamnaceae). Madrono 58: 1-21.
--, R. Hopkins, Y.-H. E. Tsai & P. S. Manos. 2013. Limited hybridization across an edaphic disjunction between the gabbro-endemic shrub Ceanothus roderickii (Rhamnaceae) and the soil-generalist Ceanothus cuneatus. American Journal of Botany 100: 1883-1895.
Burrell, A. M., A. K. Hawkins & A. E. Pepper. 2012. Genetic analyses of nickel tolerance in a North American serpentine endemic plant, Caulanthus amplexicaulis var. barbarae (Brassicaceae). American Journal of Botany 99: 1875-1883.
Cacho, N. I. & S. Y. Strauss. 2014. Occupation of bare habitats, an evolutionary precursor to soil specialization in plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111: 15132-15137.
--, A. M. Burrell, A. E. Pepper & S. Y. Strauss. 2014. Systematics and the evolution of serpentine tolerance in the California Jewelflowers (Streptanthus) and its allies. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 72: 71-81.
Chaney, R. L., R. D. Reeves, I. A. Baklanov, T. Centofanti, C. L. Broadhurst, A. J. M. Baker, A. van der Ent & R. J. Roseberg. 2014. Phytoremediation and phytomining: using plants to remediate contaminated or mineralized environments. Pp. 365-392. In: N. Rajakaruna, R. S. Boyd, T. B. Harris (eds.), Plant ecology and evolution in harsh environments. Nova Science Publishers, New York.
Cheeseman, J. M. 2015. The evolution of halophytes, glycophytes and crops, and its implications for food security under saline conditions. New Phytologist 206: 557-570.
Cheng, N. H., J. K. Pittman, J. B. Bronwyn, T. Shigaki & K. D. Hirchi. 2003. The Arabidopsis caxl mutant exhibits impaired ion homeostasis, development, and hormonal responses and reveals interplay among vacuolar transporters. Plant Cell 15: 347-364.
Cheplick, G. P. 2015. Approaches to Plant Evolutionary Ecology. Oxford University Press, New York.
Christie, P. & M. R. Macnair. 1984. Complementary lethal factors in two North- American populations of the yellow monkey flower. Journal of Heredity 75: 510-511.
--& M. R. Macnair. 1987 The distribution of postmating reproductive isolating genes in populations of the yellow monkey flower, Mimulus guttatus. Evolution. 41: 571-578.
Clausen, J., D. D. Keck & W. M. Hiesey. 1940. Experimental studies on the nature of species. I. Effect of varied environment on Western North American plants. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC.
Crawford, D. J. 2010. Progenitor-derivative species pairs and plant speciation. Taxon 59: 1413-1423.
--, R. Ornduff & M. C. Vasey. 1985. Allozyme variation within and between Lasthenia minor and its derivative species, L. maritima (Asteraceae) 72: 1177-1184.
--, J. J. Doyle, D. E. Soltis, P. S. Soltis & J. F. Wendel. 2014. Contemporary and future studies in plant speciation, morphological/floral evolution and polyploidy: honouring the scientific contributions of Leslie D. Gottlieb to plant evolutionary biology. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B Biological Sciences 369: 20130341.
Damschen, E. I., S. P. Harrison & J. B. Grace. 2010. Climate change effects on an endemic-rich edaphic flora: resurveying Robert H. Whittaker's Siskiyou sites (Oregon, USA). Ecology 91: 3609-3619.
--, S. P. Harrison, D. D. Ackerly, B. Fernandez.-Going & B. L. Anacker. 2012. Endemic plants on serpentine soils: Early victims or hardy survivors of climate change? Journal of Ecology 100: 1122-1130.
De Storme, N. & A. Mason. 2014. Plant speciation through chromosome instability and ploidy change: Cellular mechanisms, molecular factors and evolutionary relevance. Current Plant Biology 1: 10-33.
Dechamps, C., N. Noret, R. Mozek, J. Escarre, C. Lefebvre, W. Gruber, P. Meerts. 2008. Cost of adaptation to a metalliferous environment for Thlaspi caerulescens: a field reciprocal transplantation approach. New Phytologist 177: 167-177.
Dillenberger, M. S. & J. W. Kadereit. 2013. The phylogeny of the European high mountain genus Adenostyles (Asteraceae-Senccioncae) reveals that edaphic shifts coincide with dispersal events. American Journal of Botany 100: 1171-1183.
Donovan, I.. A., D. R. Rosenthal, M. Sanchez-Velenosi, L. H. Rieseberg & F. Ludwig. 2010. Are hybrid species more fit than ancestral parent species in the current hybrid species habitats? Journal of Evolutionary Biology 23: 805-816.
Douglas, N. A., W. A. Wall, Q.-Y. (J) Xiang, W. A. Hoffmann, T. R. Wentworth, J. B. Gray & M. G. Hohmann. 2011. Recent vicariance and the origin of the rare, edaphically specialized Sandhills lily, Lilium pyrophilum (Liliaceae): evidence from phylogenetic and coalescent analyses. Molecular Ecology 20: 2901-2915.
Dubois, S., P.-O. Cheptou, C. Petit, P. Meerts, M. Poncelet, X. Vekemans, C. Lefebvre & J. Escarre. 2003. Genetic structure and mating systems of metallicolous and nonmetallicolous populations of Thlaspi caemlescens. New Phytologist 157: 633-641.
Dunning, L. T., H. Hipperson, W. J. Baker, R. K. Butlin, C. Devaux, I. Hutton, J. Igea, A. S. T. Papadopulos, X. Quan, C. M. Stnadja, C. G. N. Turnbull & V. Savolaine. 2016. Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 1. Gene expression, selection and pleiotropy. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 29: 1472-1487.
Edelist, C., X. Raffoux, M. Falque, C. Dillmann, D. Sicard, L. H. Riescberg & S. Karrenberg. 2009. Differential expression of candidate salt-tolerance genes in the halophyte Helianthus paradoxus and its glycophyte progenitors H. annuus and H. petiolaris (Asteraceae). American Journal of Botany 96: 1830-1838.
El Mehdawi, A. F., C. F. Quinn & E. A. Pilon-Smits. 2011. Effects of selenium hypcraccumulation on plant-plant interactions: evidence for elemental allelopathy? New Phytologist 191: 120-131.
--& E. A. H. Pilon-Smits. 2012. Ecological aspects of plant selenium hyperaccumulation. Plant Biology 14: 1-10.
Ellis, A. G. & A. E. Weis. 2005. Coexistence and differentiation of 'flowering stones': the role of local adaptation to soil microenvironment. Journal of Ecology 94: 322-335.
--, A. E. Weis & B. S. Gaut. 2006. Evolutionary radiation of 'stone plants' in the genus Argyroderma (Aizoaceae): unraveling the effects of landscape, habitat and flowering time. Evolution 60: 39-55.
Ellstrand, N. C. 2014. Is gene flow the most important evolutionary force in plants? American Journal of Botany 101: 737-753.
Ernst, W. H. O. 2006. Evolution of metal tolerance in higher plants. Forest Snow and Landscape Research 80: 251-274.
Escudero, A., S. Palacio, F. T. Maestre & A. L. Luzuriaga. 2015. Plant life on gypsum: a review of its multiple facets. Biological Reviews 90: 1-18.
Faria, R., S. Renaut, J. Galindo, C. Pinho, J. Melo-Ferreira, M. Melo, F. Jones, W. Salzburger, D. Schluter & R. Butlin. 2014. Advances in Ecological Speciation: an integrative approach. Molecular Ecology 23: 513-521.
Feliner, G. N., A. Izuzquiza & A.R. Lansac. 1996. Natural and experimental hybridization in Armeria (Plumbaginaceae): A. villosa subsp. carratracensis. Plant Systcmatics and Evolution 201: 163-177.
Fernandez-Going, B. M., B. L. Anacker & S. P. Harrison. 2012. Temporal variability in California grasslands: Soil type and species functional traits mediate response to precipitation. Ecology 93: 2104--2114.
--& S. P. Harrison. 2013. Effects of experimental water addition depend on grassland community characteristics. Plant Ecology 214: 777-786.
--2014. Climate change and the future of edaphic floras. Pp. 297-312. In: N. Rajakaruna, R. S. Boyd & T. B. Harris (eds.). Plant ecology and evolution in harsh environments. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, New Yotk.
Ferris, K. G., J. P. Sexton & J. H. Willis. 2014. Speciation on a local geographic scale: the evolution of a rare rock outcrop specialist in Mimulus. Philos. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B Biological Sciences 369: 20140001.
--, L. L. Barnett, B. K. Blackman & J. H. Willis. 2016. The genetic architecture of local adaptation and reproductive isolation in sympatry within the Mimulus gultalus species complex. Molecular Ecology 26: 208-224.
Fine, P. V. A., I. Mesones & P. D. Coley. 2004. Herbivores promote habitat specialization by trees in Amazonian forests. Science 305: 663-665.
--, Z. J. Miller, 1. Mesones, S. Irazuzta, H. M. Appel, M. H. H. Stevens, I. Saaksjarvi, J. C. Schultz & P. D. Coley. 2006. The growth-defense trade-off and habitat specialization by plants in Amazonian forests. Ecology 87: S150-S162.
--, F. Zapata, D. C. Daly, I. Mesones, T. M. Misiewicz, H. F. Cooper & C. E. A. Barbosa. 2013. The importance of environmental heterogeneity and spatial distance in generating phylogeographic structure in edaphic specialist and generalist tree species of Pmtium (Burseraceae) across the Amazon Basin. Journal of Biogeography 40: 646-661.
Fones, H., C. A. R. Davis, A. Rico, F. Fang, J. A. C. Smith & G.M. Preston. 2010. Metal hyperaccumulation armors plants against disease. PLOS Pathogens 6: el 001093.
Forde, M. B. & D. G. Faris. 1962. Effect of introgression on the serpentine endemism of Quercus durata. Evolution 16: 338-347.
Freeland, J. R., P. Biss, K. F. Conrad & J. Silvertown. 2010. Selection pressures have caused genome-wide population differentiation of Anthoxanthum odoratum despite the potential for high gene flow. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 23: 776-782.
Friedman, J. & J. H. WilUs. 2013. Major QTLs for critical photoperiod and vernalization underlie extensive variation in flowering in the Mimulus guttatiis species complex. New Phytologist 199: 571-583.
Gardner, M. & M. R. Macnair. 2000. Factors affecting the co-existence of the serpentine endemic Mimulus nudatus Curran and its presumed progenitor, Mimulus guttatus Fischer ex DC. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69: 443-459.
Gil-Lopez, M. J., J. G. Segarra-Moragues & F. Ojeda. 2014. Population genetic structure of a sandstone specialist and a generalist heath species at two levels of sandstone patchiness across the Strait of Gibraltar. PLOS One 9: e98602.
Gill, S. S., N. A. Anjum, I. Ahmad, P. Thangavel, G. Sridevi, M. Pacheco, A. C. Duarte, S. Umar, N. A.
Khan & M. E. Pereira. 2012. Metal Hyperaccumulation and Tolerance in Alyssum, Arabidopsis and Thlaspi: An Overview. Pp. 99-137. In: N.A. Anjum, I. Ahmad, M.E. Pereira, A.C. Duarte, S. Umar, N.A. Khan (eds.), The plant family Brassicaccae: contribution towards phytoremediation. Springer Science & Business Media, Dordrecht.
Glassmand, S. I. & B. B. Casper. 2012. Biotic contexts alter metal sequestration and AMF effects on plant growth in soils polluted with heavy metals. Ecology 93: 1550-1559.
Going, B. M., J. Hillerislambers & J. M. Levine. 2009. Abiotic and biotic resistance to grass invasion in serpentine annual plant communities. Oecologia 159: 839-847.
Gonzalez-Chavez, C., P. J. Harris, J. Dodd & A. A. Meharg. 2002. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi confer enhanced arsenate resistance on Holcus lanalus. New Phytologist 155: 163-171.
Gottlieb, L. D. 1968. Hybridization between Arctostaphylos viscida and A. canescens in Oregon. Brittonia20: 83-93.
--2004. Rethinking classic examples of recent speciation in plants. New Phytologist 161: 71-82.
Gram, W. L., E. T. Borer, K. L. Cottingham, E. W. Seabloom, V. L. Boucher, L. Goldwasser, F. Micheli, B. E. Kendall & R. S. Burton. 2004. Distribution of plants in a California serpentine grassland: Are rocky hummocks spatial refuges for native species? Plant Ecology 172: 159-171.
Gramlich, S., P. Sagmeister, S. Dullinger, F. Hadacek & E. Horandl. 2016. Evolution in situ: hybrid origin and establishment of willows (Salix L.) on alpine glacier forefields, Heredity 116: 531-541.
Grossenbacher, D. L., S. D. Veloz & J. P. Sexton. 2014. Niche and range size patterns suggest that speciation begins in small, ecologically diverged populations in North American monkeyflowers (Mimulus spp.). Evolution 68: 1270-1280.
Hall, M. C., D. B. Lowry & J. H. Willis. 2010. Is local adaptation in Mimulus guttatus caused by trade-offs at individual loci? Molecular Ecology 19: 2739-2753.
Harper, F. A., Smith, S. E. & M. R. Macnair. 1997a. Where is the cost in copper tolerance in Mimulus guttatus? Testing the trade-off hypothesis. Functional Ecology 11: 764-774.
--, Smith, S. E. & M. R. Macnair. 1997b. Can an increased copper requirement in copper-tolerant Mimulus guttatus explain the cost of tolerance? I. Vegetative phase. New Phytologist 136: 455-467
--Smith, S. E. & M. R. Macnair. 1998. Can an increased copper requirement in copper-tolerant Mimulus guttatus explain the cost of tolerance? II. Reproductive phase. New Phytologist 140: 637-654.
Harrison, S. P. 1999. Native and alien species diversity at the local and regional scales in a Native and alien species diversity at the local and regional scales in a grazed California grassland. Oecologia 121: 99-106.
--& N. Rajakaruna (eds.). 2011. Serpentine: the evolution and ecology of a model system. University of California Press, Berkeley.
--, E. Damsehen, B. Fernandez-Going, A. Eskelinen & S. Copeland. 2015. Plant communities on infertile soils are less sensitive to climate change. Annals of Botany 116: 1017-1022.
Hayward, A. R., K. E. Coates, A. L. Galer, T. C. Hutchinson & R. J. Emery. 2013. Chelator profiling in Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv. reveals a Ni reaction, which is distinct from the ABA and cytokinin associated response to Cd. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 64: 84-91.
Hego, E., S. Vilain, A. Barre, S. Claverol, J.-W. Dupuv, C. Lalanne, M. Bonneu, C. Plomion, M. Mench. 2016. Copper stress-induced changes in leaf soluble proteome of Cu-sensitive and tolerant Agrostis capillaris L. populations. Protcomics 16: 1386-1397.
Henry, L. P., R. H. B. Watson & B. K. Blackman. 2014. Transitions in photoperiodic flowering are common and involve few loci in wild sunflowers (Helianthus; Astcraceae). American Journal of Botany 101: 1748-1758.
Hereford, J. 2009. A quantitative survey of local adaptation and fitness trade- offs. American Naturalist 173: 579-588.
Hipperson, H., L. T. Dunning, W. J. Baker, R. K. Butlin, I. Hutton, A. S. T. Papadopulos, C. M. Smadja, T. C. Wilson, C. Devaux & V. Savolainen, V. 2016. Ecological speciation in sympatric palms: 2. Pre-and post-zygotic isolation, Journal of Evolutionary Biology 29: 2143-2156.
Hoban, S., J. L. Kelley, K. E. Lotterhos, M. F. Antolin, G. Bradburd, D. B. Lowry, M. L. Poss, L. K. Reed, A. Storfer & M. C. Whitlock. 2016. Finding the genomic basis of local adaptation: pitfalls, practical solutions, and future directions. American Naturalist 188: 379-397.
Hopkins, R. 2013. Reinforcement in plants. New Phytologist 197: 1095-1103.
Horger, A. C., H. N. Fones & G. M. Preston. 2013. The current status of the elemental defense hypothesis in relation to pathogens. Frontiers in Plant Science 4: 1-11.
Huang, X. & D. E. Salt 2016. Plant ionomics: from elemental profiling to environmental adaptation. Molecular Plant 9: 787-797.
Hunter, B. & K. Bomblies. 2010. Progress and promise in using Arabidopsis to study adaptation, divergence, and speciation. Arabidopsis Book 8: eOl 38.
Jurjavcic, N. L., S. P. Harrison & A. T. Wolf. 2002. Abiotic stress, competition, and the distribution of the native annual grass Vulpia microstachys in a mosaic environment. Oecologia 130: 555-562.
Kane, N. C. 2009. Comparative genomic and population genetic analyses indicate highly porous genomes and high levels of gene flow between divergent Helianthus species. Evolution 63: 2061-2075.
Kaplan, Z. 1998. Relict serpentine populations of Knautia an'ensis s. 1. (Dipsacaceae) in the Czech Republic and an adjacent area of Germany. Prcslia 70: 21-31.
Kay, K. M., K. L. Ward, L. R. Watt & D.W. Schemske. 2011. Plant Speciation. Pp. 71-96. In: S. P. Harrison & N. Rajakaruna (eds.), Serpentine: the evolution and ecology of a model system. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Kazakou, E., P.G. Dimitrakopoulos, A.J. Baker, R.D. Reeves & A.Y. Troumbis. 2008. Hypotheses, mechanisms and trade-offs of tolerance and adaptation to serpentine soils: from species to ecosystem level. Biological Reviews 83: 495-508.
Klein, J. T. & J. W. Kadereit. 2015. Phytogeny, biogeography and evolution of cdaphic association in the European oreophytes Sempervtvum and Jovibarba (Crassulaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 176: 44-71.
Kolar, F., T. Fer, M. Stech, P. Travnicek, E. Duskova, P. Schonswetter & J. Suda. 2012. Bringing together evolution on serpentine and polyploidy: spatiotemporal history of the diploid- tetraploid complex of Knautia arvensis (Dipsacaceae). PLoS ONE 7: e39988.
--, M. Dortova, J. Leps, M. Pouzar, A. Krejcova & M. Stech. 2014. Serpentine ecotypic differentiation in a polyploid plant complex: shared tolerance to Mg and Ni stress among di- and tetraploid serpentine populations of Knautia arvensis (Dipsacaceae). Plant and Soil 374: 435-447.
Krahulcova, A. & J. Stepankova. 1998. Serpentine and polyploid differentiation within Galium pumilum agg. (Rubiaceae) in Eastern C. Europe. Folia Geobotanica 33: 87-102.
Kruckeberg, A. R. 1951. Intraspecific variability in the response of certain native plant species to serpentine soil. American Journal of Botany 38: 408^119.
--1954. The ecology of serpentine soils. III. Plant species in relation to serpentine soils. Ecology 35: 267-274.
--1986. An essay: The stimulus of unusual geologies for plant speciation. Systematic Botany 11:455-463.
--1992. Plant life of western North American ultramafics. Pp. 31-73. In: B. A. Roberts & J. Proctor (eds.), The ecology of areas with serpentinized rocks. Springer Netherlands. Dordrecht.
Lai, Z., T. Nakazato, M. Salmaso, J. M. Burke, S. Tang, S. J. Knapp & L. H. Rieseberg. 2005. Extensive chromosomal repatteming and the evolution of sterility barriers in hybrid sunflower species. Genetics. 171: 291-303.
Lau, J. A., A. C. McCall, K. F. Davies, J. K. McKay & J. W. Wright 2008. Herbivores and cdaphic factors constrain the realized niche of a native plant. Ecology 89: 754-762.
Leimu, R. & M. Fischer. 2008. A meta-analysis of local adaptation in plants. PLoS ONE 3(12): c4010.
Leinonen, P. H., D. L. Remington, J. Leppala & O. Savolainen. 2013. Genetic basis of local adaptation and flowering time variation in Arabidopsis lyrata. Molecular Ecology 22: 709-723.
Levin, D. A. 1993. Local speciation in plants: the rule not the exception. Systematic Botany 18: 197-208.
--2001. The recurrent origin of plant races and species. Systematic Botany 26: 197-204.
--2009. Flowering-time plasticity facilitates niche shifts in adjacent populations. New
Lexer, C., M. E. Welch, J. L. Durphy & L. H. Rieseberg. 2003. Natural selection for salt tolerance quantitative trait loci (QTLs): Implications for the origin of Helianthus paradoxus, a diploid hybrid species. Molecular Ecology 12: 1225-1235.
--, Z. Lai & L. H. Rieseberg. 2004. Candidate gene polymorphisms associated with salt tolerance in wild sunflower hybrids: implications for the origin of Helianthus paradoxus, a diploid sunflower hybrid species. New Phytologist 161: 225-233.
Loarie, S. R., B. E. Carter, K. Hayhoe, S. McMahon, R. Moe, C. A. Knight & D. D. Ackerly. 2008. Climate Change and the Future of California's Endemic Flora. PLOS One 3: c2502.
Lowry, D. B., R. C. Rockwood & J. H. Willis. 2008. Ecological reproductive isolation of coast and inland races of Mimulus guttatus. Evolution 62: 2196-2214.
--, M. C. Hall, D. E. Salt, J. H. Willis. 2009. Genetic and physiological basis of adaptive salt tolerance divergence between coastal and inland Mimulus guttatus. New Phytologist 183: 776-788.
--& J. H. Willis. 2010. A widespread chromosomal inversion polymorphism contributes to a major life history transition, local adaptation, and reproductive isolation. PLOS Biol. 8: C1000500.
--2012. Ecotypes and the controversy over stages in the formation of new species. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 106: 241-257.
--, C. C. Sheng, Z. Zhu, T. E. Juenger & B. C. Lahner. 2012. Mapping of ionomic traits in Mimulus guttatus reveals Mo and Cd QTLs that colocalize with MOT1 homologues. PLOS One 7: e30730.
Macnair, M R. 1983. The genetic control of copper tolerance in the yellow monkey flower, Mimulus guttatus. Heredity 50: 283-293.
--& P. Christie. 1983. Reproductive isolation as a plciotropic effect of copper tolerance in Mimulus guttatus? Heredity 50: 295-302.
--, V. E. Macnair & B. E. Martin. 1989. Adaptive speciation in Mimulus: an ecological comparison of M. cupriphilus with its presumed progenitor, M. guttatus. New Phytologist 112: 269-279.
--, S. E. Smith & Q. J. Cumbes. 1993. Heritability and distribution of variation in degree of copper tolerance in Mimulus guttatus at Coppcropolis, California. Heredity: 71: 445- 455.
--& M. Gardner. 1998. The evolution of edaphic endemics. Pp. 157-171. In: D. J. Howard & S. H. Bcrlocher (eds.), Endless forms: species and speciation. Oxford University Press, New York.
Maestri, E., M. Marmiroli, G. Visioli & N. Marmiroli. 2010. Metal tolerance and hyperaccumulation: Costs and trade-offs between traits and environment. Environmental and Experimental Botany 68: 1-13.
Mandakova, T., V.Singh, U. Kramer & M. A. Lysak. 2015. Genome structure of the heavy metal hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens and its stability on metalliferous and nonmctalliferous soils. Plant Physiology 169: 674-689.
Marsden-Jones, E. M. & W. B. Turrill. 1938. Transplant experiments of the British Ecological Society at Potteme, Wiltshire. Summary of results: 1928-1937. Journal of Ecology 26: 380- 389.
Martin, N. H., A. C. Bouck & M. L. Arnold. 2006. Detecting adaptive trait introgression between Iris falva and I. brevicaulis in highly selective field conditions. Genetics 172: 2481- 2489.
Mason, H. L. 1946a. The edaphic factor in narrow endemism. I. The nature of environmental influences. Madrono 8: 209-226.
--1946b. The edaphic factor in narrow endemism. II. The geographic occurrence of plants of highly restricted patterns of distribution, Madrono 8: 241-257.
Mayer, M. S. & P. S. Soltis. 1994. The evolution of serpentine endemics: A chloroplast DNA phytogeny of the Streptanthus glaiululosus complex (Crucifcrae). Systematic Botany 19: 557- 574.
--& P. S. Soltis. 1999. Intraspccific phytogeny analysis using ITS sequences: Insights from studies of the Streptanthus glandutosus complex (Crucifcrae). Systematic Botany 24: 47-61.
Meindl, G. A. & T.-L. Ashman. 2013. The effects of aluminum and nickel in nectar on the foraging behavior of bumblebees. Environmental Pollution 177: 78-81.
--& T.-L. Ashman. 2014. Nickel accumulation by Streptanthus polygaloides (Brassicaceae) reduces floral visitation rate. Journal of Chemical Ecology 40: 128-135.
--, D. J. Bain & T.-L. Ashman. 2014. Nickel accumulation in leaves, floral organs and rewards varies by serpentine soil affinity. AoB PLANTS 6: plu036.
--& T.-L. Ashman. 2015. Effects of floral metal accumulation on floral visitor communities: Introducing the elemental filter hypothesis. American Journal of Botany 102: 379-389.
Melo, M. C., A. Grealy, B. Brittain, G. M. Walter & D. Ortiz-Barricntos. 2014. Strong extrinsic reproductive isolation between parapatric populations of an Australian groundsel. New Phytologist 203: 323-334.
Mengoni, A., C. Gonnelli, F. Galardi, R. Gabbrielli & M. Bazzicaiupo. 2001. Genetic diversity of heavy metal tolerant populations in Silene paradoxa L. (Caryophyllaceac): a chloroplast microsatellite analysis. Molecular Ecology 10: 1909-1916.
--, A. J. M. Baker, M. Bazzicaiupo, R. D. Reeves, N. Adigiizel, E. Chianni, F. Galardi, R. Gabbrielli & C. Gonnelli. 2003a. Evolutionary dynamics of nickel hyperaccumulation in Alyssum revealed by its nrDNA analysis. New Phytologist 159: 691-699.
--, C. Gonnelli, E. Brocchini, F. Galardi, S. Pucci, R. Gabbrielli & M. Bazzicaiupo. 2003b.
Chloroplast genetic diversity and biogeography in the serpentine endemic Ni- hyperaccumulator Alyssum bertolonii. New Phytologist 157: 349-356.
Miglia, K. J. 2007. Genotype, soil type, and locale effects on reciprocal transplant vigor, endophyte growth, and microbial functional diversity of a narrow sagebrush hybrid zone in Salt Creek Canyon, Utah. American Journal of Botany 94: 425-436.
Milla, R., A. Escudero & J. M. Iriondo. 2011. Congruence between geographic range distribution and local competitive ability of two Lupinus species. American Journal of Botany 98: 1456- 1464.
Moore, A. J. & J. W. Kadereit. 2013. The evolution of substrate differentiation in Minuartia series Laricifoliac (Caryophyllaceae) in the European Alps: In situ origin or repeated colonization? American Journal of Botany 100: 2412-2425.
--, D. Merges & J. W. Kadereit. 2013. The origin of the serpentine endemic Minuartia laricifolia subsp. ophiolitica by vicariance and competitive exclusion, Molecular Ecology 22: 2218-2231.
Moore, K. A. & S. C. Elmendorf. 2011. Plant competition and facilitation in systems with strong environmental gradients. Pp. 223-236. In: S. P. Harrison & N. Rajakaruna (eds.), Serpentine: the evolution and ecology of a model system. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Moore, M. J., J. F. Mota, N. A. Douglas, H. F. Olvera & H. Ochoterena. 2014. The ecology, assembly, and evolution of gypsophile floras. Pp. 97-128. In: N. Rajakaruna, R. S. Boyd & T. B. Harris (eds.), Plant ecology and evolution in harsh environments. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppaugc, New York.
Moray, C., E. W. Goolsby & L. Bromham. 2016. The phylogenetic association between salt tolerance and heavy metal hyperaccumulation in angiosperms. Evolutionary Biology 43: 119-130.
Mousset, M., P. David, C. Petit, J. Pouzadoux, C. Hatt. E. Flaven, O. Ronce & A. Mignot. 2016. Lower selfing rates in metallicolous populations than in non-metallicolous populations of the pseudometallophyte Noccaea caerulescens (Brassicaceae) in Southern France. Annals of Botany 117: 507-519.
Moyle, L.C., M. Levine, M. L. Stanton & J. W. Wright. 2012. Hybrid sterility over tens of meters between ecotypes adapted to serpentine and non-serpentine soils. Evolutionary Biology 39: 207-218.
Nichols, M.K. & McNeilly, T. 1982. The possible polyphylctic origin of copper tolerance in Agrostis tenuis (Gramincae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 140: 109-117.
Nosil, P. & D. Schluter. 2011. The genes underlying the process of speciation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 26: 160-167.
--2012. Ecological Speciation. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Nyberg Berglund, A. B., S. Dahlgren & A. Westerbergh. 2004. Evidence for parallel evolution and site-specific selection of serpentine tolerance in Cerastium alpinum during the colonization of Scandinavia. New Phytologist 161: 199-209.
O'Dell, R. E. & N. Rajakaruna. 2011. Intraspecific variation, plant adaptation, and evolution. Pp. 71-96. In: S.P. Harrison & N. Rajakaruna (eds.). Serpentine: the evolution and ecology of a model system. University of California Press, Berkeley.
--2014. Conservation and restoration of chemically extreme edaphic endemic flora in the western US. Pp. 3313-3364. In: N. Rajakaruna, R. S. Boyd, T. B. Harris (eds.), Plant ecology and evolution in harsh environments. Nova Science Publishers, New York.
Olko, A., A. Abratowska, J. Zvlkowska, M. Wierzbicka & A. Tukiendorf. 2008. Armeria maritime from a calamine heap--Initial studies on physiologic-metabolic adaptations to metal- enriched soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 69: 209-218.
Ornduff, R. 1965. Omithocoprophilous endemism in Pacific Basin angiosperms. Ecology 46: 864-867.
Ortiz-Barrientos, D., A. Grealy & P. Nosil. 2009. The genetics and ecology of reinforcement: implications for the evolution of prezygotic isolation in sympatry and beyond. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1168: 156-182.
Ostevik, K. L., B. T. Moyers, G. L. Owens & L. H. Rieseberg. 2012. Parallel Ecological Speciation in Plants? International Journal of Ecology 939862.
--, R. L. Andrew, S. P. Otto & L. H. Rieseberg. 2016. Multiple reproductive barriers separate recently diverged sunflower ecotypes. Evolution 70: 2322-2335.
Palacio, S., A. Escudero, G. Montserrat-Marti, M. Maestro, R. Milla & M. J. Albert. 2007. Plants living on gypsum: beyond the specialist model. Annals of Botany 99: 333-343.
--, D. Johnson, A. Escudero & G. Montserrat-Marti. 2012. Root colonisation by AM fungi differs between gypsum specialist and non-specialist plants: Links to the gypsophile behavior. Journal of Arid Environments 76: 128-132.
--, J. Azorin, G. Montserrat-Marti & J. P. Ferrio. 2014. The crystallization water of gypsum rocks is a relevant water source for plants. Nature Communications 5: 4660; doi:https://doi.org/10.1038 /ncomms5660.
Palacio-Lopez, K., B. Beckage, S. Scheiner & J. Molofsky. 2015. The ubiquity of phenotypic plasticity in plants: a synthesis. Ecology and Evolution 5: 3389-3400.
Palm, E., K. Brady & E. Van Volkenburgh. 2012. Serpentine tolerance in Mimulus guttatus does not rely on exclusion of magnesium. Functional Plant Biology 39: 679-688.
--& E. Van Volkenburgh. 2014. Physiological adaptations of plants to serpentine soil. Pp. 129-148. In: N. Rajakaruna, R. S. Boyd, T. B. Harris (eds.), Plant ecology and evolution in harsh environments. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppaugc, New York.
Papadopulos, A. S. T., W. J. Baker, D. Crayn, R. K. Butlin, R. G. Kynast, I. Hutton & V. Savolainen. 2011. Speciation with gene flow on Lord Howe Island. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108: 13188-13193.
Parejo-Farnes, C., R. G. Albaladejo, J. Arroyo & A. Aparicio. 2013. A phylogenetic hypothesis for Helianthemum (Cistaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula. Botanica Complutensis 37: 83- 92.
Paris, C. A. & M. D. Windham. 1988. A biosystematic investigation of the Adiantum pedatum complex in eastern North America. Systematic Botany 13: 240-255.
--1991. Adiantum viridimontanum, a new maidenhair fern in eastern North America. Rhodora 93: 105-122.
Partridge, L. & R. Sibly. 1991. Constraints in the evolution of life histories. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London. B 332: 3-13.
Parys, E., W. Wasilewska, M. Siedlecka, M. Zienkiewicz, A. Drozak & E. Romanorvska. 2014. Metabolic responses to lead of metallicolous and nonmetallicolous populations of Anneria maritima. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 67: 565-577.
Paule, J., F. Kolar & C. Dobes. 2015. Arctic-alpine and serpentine differentiation in polyploid Potentilla crantzii. Preslia 87: 195-215.
Paun, O., B. Turner, E. Trucchi, J. Munzinger, M. W. Chase & R. Samuel. 2016. Processes Driving the Adaptive Radiation of a Tropical Tree (Diospyros, Ebenaceae) in New Caledonia, a Biodiversity Hotspot. Systematic Biology 65: 212-227.
Pauwels, M., P. Saumitou-Laprade, A.C. Holl, D. Petit & I. Bonnin. 2005. Multiple origin of metallicolous populations of the pseudometallophyte Arabidopsis halleri (Brassicaceae) in central Europe: the cpDNA testimony. Molecular Ecology 14: 4403-1414.
Pepper, A. E. & L. E. Norwood. 2001. Evolution of Caulanthus amplexicaulis var. barbarae (Brassicaceae), a rare serpentine endemic plant: a molecular phylogenetic perspective. American Journal of Botany 88: 1479-1489.
Peterson, M. L., K. J. Rice & J. P Sexton. 2013. Niche partitioning between close relatives suggests tradeoffs between adaptation to local environments and competition. Ecology and Evolution 3: 512-522.
Pettenyill, J. B. & D. A. Moeller. 2012. Phylogeography of speciation: allopatric divergence and secondary contact between outcrossing and selfing Clarkia. Molecular Ecology 21: 4578- 4592.
Pfennig, K. S. & D. W. Pfennig. 2009. Character displacement: ecological and reproductive responses to a common evolutionary problem. The Quarterly Review of Biology 84: 253-276.
Pope, N., M. Fong, R. S. Boyd & N. Rajakaruna. 2014. The role of elevation and soil chemistry in the distribution and ion accumulation of floral morphs of Streptanthus polygaloides Gray (Brassicaceae), a Californian nickel hyperaccumulator. Plant Ecology and Diversity 7: 1-39.
Porter, S. S., P. L. Chang, C. A. Conow, J. P. Dunham, M. L. Friesen. 2017. Association mapping reveals novel serpentine adaptation gene clusters in a population of symbiotic Mesorhizobium. The ISME Journal 11: 248-262
Powell, K. I. & T. M. Knight 2009. Effects of nutrient addition and competition on biomass of five Cirsium species (Asteraceae), including a serpentine endemic. International Journal of Plant Sciences 170: 918-925.
Quinn, C. F., J. L. Freeman, R. J. B. Reynolds, J. J. Cappa, S. C. Fakra, M. A. Marcus, S. D. Lindblom, E. K. Quinn, L. E. Bennett & E. A. H Pilon-Smits. 2010. Selenium hyperaccumulation offers protection from cell disruptor herbivores. BMC Ecology 10: 1-11.
--, C. N. Prins, J. L. Freeman, A. M. Gross, L. J. Hantzis, R. J. B. Reynolds, S.Yang, P. A. Covey,
G. S. Banuelos, I. J. Pickering, S. C. Fakra, M. A. Marcus, H. S. Arathi, & E. A. H. Pilon-Smits. 2011a. Selenium accumulation in flowers and its effects on pollination. New Phytologist 192: 727-737.
--, K. A. Wyant, A. L. Wangeiine, J. Shulman, M. L. Galeas, J. R. Valdez, J. R. Self, M. W. Paschke & E. A. H. Pilon-Smits. 2011b. Enhanced decomposition of selenium hyperaccumulator litter in a seleniferous habitat--evidence for specialist decomposers? Plant and Soil 341: 51-61.
Qureshi, J. A., D. A. Thurman, K. Hardwick, H. A. Collin. 1985. Uptake and accumulation of zinc, lead and copper in zinc and lead tolerant Anthoxanthum odoratum L. New Phytologist 100: 429^134.
Rajakaruna, N. 2003. Edaphic differentiation in Lasthenia: A model for studies in evolutionary ecology. Madrono 50: 34-40.
--2004. The edaphic factor in the origin of species. International Geology Review 46: 471-478.
--, M. Y. Siddiqi, J. Whitton, B. A. Bohm & A. D. M. Glass. 2003a. Differential responses to [Na.sup.+]/[K.sup.+] and [Ca.sup.2+]/[Mg.sup.2+] in two edaphic races of the Lasthenia califomica (Asteraceae) complex: A case for parallel evolution of physiological traits. New Phytologist 157: 93-103.
--, G. E. Bradfield, B. A. Bohm & J. Whitton. 2003b. Adaptive differentiation in response to water stress by edaphic races of Lasthenia Californiai (Asteraccae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 164: 371-376.
--, Baldwin, B. G., R. Chan, A. M. Desrochers, B. A. Bohm, & J. Whitton. 2003c. Edaphic races and phylogenetic taxa in the Lasthenia califomica complex (Astcraceae: Heliantheae): An hypothesis of parallel evolution. Molecular Ecology 12: 1675-1679.
--& J. Whitton. 2004. Trends in the evolution of edaphic specialists with an example of parallel evolution in the Lasthenia califomica complex. Pp. 103-110. In: Q. C. B. Cronk, J. Whitton. R. Ree & I. E. P. Taylor (eds.), Plant adaptation: molecular genetics and ecology. NRC Research Press, Ottawa.
--, R. S. Boyd & T. B. Harris. 2014. Synthesis and future directions: What have harsh environments taught us about ecology, evolution, conservation and restoration. Pp. 393-409. In: N. Rajakaruna, R. S. Boyd & T. B. Harris (eds.). Plant ecology and evolution in harsh environments. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., NY.
Rascio, N. & F. Navari-Izzo. 2011. Heavy metal hyperaccumulating plants: how and why do they do it? And what makes them so interesting? Plant Science 180: 169-181.
Raven, P. H. 1964. Catastrophic selection and edaphic endemism. Evolution 18: 336-338.
Renaut, S., C. J. Grassa, S. Yeaman, Z. Lai, N. K. Kane, B. T. Moyers, J. E. Bowers, J. M. Burke & L. H. Rieseberg. 2013. Genomic islands of divergence are not affected by geography of speciation in sunflowers. Nature Communications 1827: doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2833.
Rice, K. 1989. Competitive interactions in California annual grasslands. Pp. 59- 72. In: L. F. Huenneke & H. A. Mooney (eds.), Grassland structure and function: California annual grassland. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
Roda, F., L. Ambrose, G. M. Walter, G,. H. L. Liu, 1.. Schaul, A. Lowe, P. B. Pelser, P. Prentis, L. H. Rieseberg & D. Ortiz-Barrientos. 2013. Genomic evidence for the parallel evolution of coastal forms in the Senecio lautus complex. Molecular Ecology 22: 2941-2952.
Roux, C., V. Castric, M. Pauwels, S. I. Wright, P. Saumitou-Laprade & X. Vekemans. 2011. Does speciation between Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis lyrata coincide with major changes in a molecular target of adaptation? PLoS ONE 6: c26872.
Roy, S. J., E. J. Tucker & M. Tester. 2011. Genetic analysis of abiotic stress tolerance in crops. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 14: 232-239.
Rozema, J. & H. Schat. 2013. Salt tolerance of halophytes, research questions reviewed in the perspective of saline agriculture. Environmental and Experimental Botany 92: 83-95.
Sambatti, J. B. & K. J. Rice. 2007. Functional ecology of ecotypic differentiation in the Californian serpentine sunflower (Helianthus exilis). New Phytologist 175: 107-119.
Sanchez, A. M., P. Alonso-Valiente, M. J. Albert & A. Escudero. 2017. How might edaphic specialists in gypsum islands respond to climate change? Reciprocal sowing experiment to infer local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. Annals of Botany 120: 135-146.
Saslis-Lagoudakis, C. H., C. Moray & L. Bromham. 2014. Evolution of salt tolerance in angiosperms: a phylogenetic approach. Pp. 77-95. In: N. Rajakaruna, R. S. Boyd & T. B. Harris (eds.), Plant ecology and evolution in harsh environments. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge. New York.
Savolainen, V., M.-C. Anstett, C. Lexer, I. Hutton, J. J. Clarkson, M. V. Norup, M. P. Powell, D. Springate, N. Salamin & W. J. Baker. 2006. Sympatric speciation in palms on an oceanic island. Nature 441: 210-213.
Schechter, S. P. & T. D. Bruns. 2008. Serpentine and non-seipentine ecotypes of Collinsia sparsiflora associate with distinct arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal assemblages. Molecular Ecology 17: 3198-3210.
--& T. D. Bruns. 2013. A common garden test of host-symbiont specificity supports a dominant role for soil type in determining AMF assemblage structure in Collinsia sparsiflora. PLOS One 8: e55507.
--& S. Branco. 2014. The ecology and evolution of mycorrhizal fungi in extreme soils. Pp. 33-52. In: N. Rajakaruna, R. S. Boyd & T. B. Harris (eds.), Plant ecology and evolution in harsh environments. Nova Science Publishers, New York.
Schemske, D. W. 2010. Adaptation and the origin of species. American Naturalist 176: S4-S25.
Schiavon, M. & E. A. H. Pilon-Smits. 2017. The fascinating facets of plant selenium accumulation biochemistry, physiology, evolution and ecology. New Phytologist 213: 1582-1596.
Schmickl, R. & M. A. Koch. 2011. Arabidopsis hybrid speciation processes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108: 14192-14197.
Schneider, A. C., W. A. Freyman, C. M. Guilliams, Y. P. Springer & B. G. Baldwin. 2016. Pleistocene radiation of the serpentine-adapted genus Hesperolinon and other divergence times in Linaceae (Malpighiales). American Journal of Botany 103: 221-232.
Searcy, K. B. & D. L. Mulcahy. 1985. Pollen selection and the gametophytic expression of metal tolerance in Silene dioica (caryophyllaccae) and Mimulus guttatus (Scrophulariaceae). American Journal of Botany 72: 1700-1706.
--& M. R. Macnair. 1990. Differential seed production in Mimulus guttatiis Fisch, ex DC in response to increasing concentrations of copper in the pistil by pollen from copper tolerant and sensitive sources. Evolution 44: 1424-1435.
--& M. R. Macnair. 1993. Developmental selection in response to environmental conditions of the maternal parent in Mimulus guttatus. Evolution 47: 13-24.
Selby, J. P., A. L. Jcong, K. Toll, K. M. Wright, D. B. Lowry. 2014. Methods and discoveries in the pursuit of understanding the genetic basis of adaptation to harsh environments in Mimulus. Pp. 243-265. In: N. Rajakaruna, R. S. Boyd & T. B. Harris (eds.), Plant ecology and evolution in harsh environments. Nova Science Publishers, New York.
Shimizu-Inatsugi, R., A. Terada, K. Hirose, H. Kudoh, J. Sese & K. K. Shimizu. 2016. Plant adaptive radiation mediated by polyploid plasticity in transcriptomes. Molecular Ecology 26: 193-207.
Silvertown, J., C. Servaes, P. Biss & D. Macleod. 2005. Reinforcement of reproductive isolation between adjacent populations in the Park Grass Experiment. Heredity 95: 198-205.
--, P. Poulton, E. Johnston, G. Edwards, M. Heard & P. M. Biss. 2006. The Park Grass Experiment 1856-2006: its contribution to ecology. Journal of Ecology 94: 801-814.
Slovak, M., J. Kucera, P. Juris & J. Zozomova-Lihova. 2012. Multiple glacial refugia and postglacial colonization routes inferred for a woodland geophyte, Cyclamen purpurascens: patterns concordant with the Pleistocene history of broadleaved and coniferous tree species. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society: 105: 741-760.
Smith, S. E. & M. R. Macnair. 1998. Hypostatic modifiers cause variation in degree of copper tolerance in Mimulus guttatus. Heredity 80: 760-768.
Sobel, J. M. 2014. Ecogcographic isolation and spcciation in the genus Mimulus. American Naturalist 184: 565-579.
Sobczyk, M. K., J. A. C. Smith, A. J. Pollard & D. A. Filatov. 2017. Evolution of nickel hyperaccumulation and serpentine adaptation in the Alyssum serpyllifolium species complex. Heredity 118: 31-41.
Soltis, D. E., P. S. Soltis & J. A. Tate. 2004. Advances in the study of polyploidy since plant spcciation. New Phytologist 161: 173-191.
Southworth, D., L. E. Tackaberry & H. B. Massicotte. 2014. Mycorrhizal ecology on serpentine soils. Plant Ecology and Diversity 7: 445-M55.
Spasojevic, M. J., E. I. Damschen & S. P. Harrison. 2014. Patterns of seed dispersal syndromes on serpentine soils: examining the roles of habitat patchiness, soil infertility and correlated functional traits. Plant Ecology and Diversity 7: 401-410.
Springer, Y. P. 2007. Clinal resistance structure and pathogen local adaptation in a serpentine flax-flax rust interaction. Evolution 61: 1812-1822.
--2009. Edaphic quality and plant-pathogen interactions: Effects of soil calcium on fungal infection of a serpentine flax. Ecology 90: 1852-1862.
Strasburg, J. L., N. A. Sherman, K. M. Wright, L. C. Moyle, J. H. Willis & L. H. Riescberg. 2012. What can patterns of differentiation across plant genomes tell us about adaptation and spcciation? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B Biological Sciences 367: 364-373.
Strauss, S. Y. & R. S. Boyd. 2011. Herbivory and other cross-kingdom interactions on harsh soils. Pp. 181199. In: S. P. Harrison & N. Rajakaruna (eds.). Serpentine: the evolution and ecology of a model system. University of California Press, Berkeley.
--& N. I. Cacho. 2013. Nowhere to run, nowhere to hide: The importance of enemies and apparency in adaptation to harsh soil environments. American Naturalist 182: E1-E14.
Sun, G. & P. Schliekelman. 2011. A genetical genomics approach to genome scans increases power for QTL mapping, Genetics 187: 939-953.
Thrall, P. H., M. E. Hochberg, J. J. Burdon & J. D. Bever. 2007. Coevolution of symbiotic mutualists and parasites in a community context. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 22: 120-126.
--, J. D. Bever & J. F. Slattery. 2008. Rhizobial mediation of Acacia adaptation to soil salinity: evidence of underlying trade-offs and tests of expected patterns. Journal of Ecology 96: 746-755.
Tiffin, P. & J Ross-Ibarra. 2014. Advances and limits of using population genetics to understand local adaptation. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 29: 673-680.
Turesson, G. 1922. The species and the variety as ecological units. Hereditas 3: 100-113.
Turner, T. L., E. J. von Wettberg, S. V. Nuzhdin. 2008. Genomic analysis of differentiation between soil types reveals candidate genes for local adaptation in Arabidopsis lyrata. PLOS One 3: e3183.
--, E. C. Bourne, E. J. Von Wettberg, T. T. Hu, S. V. Nuzhdin. 2010. Population rescqucncing reveals local adaptation of Arabidopsis lyrata to serpentine soils. Nature Genetics 42: 260-263.
Twyford, A.D. & J. Friedman. 2015. Adaptive divergence in the monkey flower Mimulus guttatus is maintained by a chromosomal inversion. Evolution 69: 1476-1486.
Valladares, F., S. Matesanz, F. Guilhaumon, M. B. Araujo, L. Balagucr, M. Benito-Garzon, W. Cornwell, E. Gianoli, M. van Kleunen, D. E. Nava, A. B. Nicotra, H. Poorter & M. A. Zavala.
2014. The effects of phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation on forecasts of species range shifts under climate change. Ecology Letters 17: 1351-1364.
Vallano, D. M., P. C. Selmants & E. S. Zavaleta. 2012. Simulated nitrogen deposition enhances the performance of an exotic grass relative to native serpentine grassland competitors. Plant Ecology 213: 1015-1026.
Vamosi, J. C., W. S. Armbruster & S. S. Renner. 2014. Evolutionary ecology of specialization: insights from phylogenetic analysis. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2S1: 20142004.
van der Niet, T. & S. D. Johnson. 2009. Patterns of plant spcciation in the Cape floristic region, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 51: 85-93.
van Hoof, N. A. L. M., V. H. Hassinen, H. W. J. Hakvoort, K. F. Ballintijn, H. Schat, J. A.C. Verkleij, W. H.O. Ernst, S. O. Karenlampi & A. 1. Tervahauta. 2001. Enhanced copper tolerance in Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke populations from copper mines is associated with increased transcript levels of a 2b-type metallothionein gene. Plant Physiology 126: 1519-1526.
Van Nuland, M. E. 2016. Plant-soil feedbacks: connecting ecosystem ecology and evolution. Functional Ecology 30: 1032-1042.
Van Zandt, P. A. 2007. Plant defense, growth, and habitat: a comparative assessment of constitutive and induced resistance. Ecology 88: 1984-1993.
Vekemans, X. & C. Lefebvre. 1997. On the evolution of heavy-metal tolerant populations in Armeria maritima: evidence from allozyme variation and reproductive barriers. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 10: 175-191.
Venables, A. V. & D. A. Wilkins. 1978. Salt tolerance in pasture grasses. New Phytologist 80: 613-622.
Verbruggen, N., C. Hermans & H. Schat. 2009. Molecular mechanisms of metal hyperaccumulation in plants. New Phytologist 181: 759-776.
Via, S. 2009. Natural selection in action during speciation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106: 9939-9946.
von Wettberg, E. J. & J. W. Wright. 2011. Genomic approaches to understanding adaptation. Pp. 139-153. In: S.P. Harrison & N. Rajakaruna (eds.). Serpentine: the evolution and ecology of a model system. University of California Press, Berkeley.
--, J. Ray-Mukherjee, N. D'Adesky, D. Nesbeth & S. Sistla. 2014. The evolutionary ecology and genetics of stress resistance syndrome (SRS) traits: revisiting Chapin, Autumn and Pugnairc (1993). Pp.201-226.In: N. Rajakaruna, R. S. Boyd & T. B. Harris (eds.), Plant ecology and evolution in harsh environments. Nova Science Publishers, New York.
Wallace, D. R. 1983. The Klamath Knot. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Westerbergh, A. & A. Saura. 1992. The effect of serpentine on the population structure of Silene dioica (Caryophyllaceae). Evolution 46: 1537-1548.
Widmer, A., C. Lexer & S. Cozzolino. 2009. Evolution of reproductive isolation in plants. Heredity 102:31-38.
Williams, J. L., R. E. Snyder & J. M. Levine. 2016. The influence of evolution on population spread through patchy landscapes. American Naturalist 188: 15-26.
Wright, J. W. & M. L. Stanton. 2007. Collinsia sparsiflora in serpentine and nonserpcntinc habitats: Using F2 hybrids to detect the potential role of selection in ecotypic differentiation. New Phytologist 173: 354-366.
--& M. L. Stanton. 2011. Local adaptation in heterogeneous landscapcs-reciprocal transplant experiments and beyond. Pp. 155-180. In: S.P. Harrison & N. Rajakaruna (eds.), Serpentine: the evolution and ecology of a model system. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Wright, K. M., D. Lloyd, D. B. Lowry, M. R. Macnair & J.H. Willis. 2013. Indirect evolution of hybrid lethality due to linkage with selected locus in Mxmulus guttatus. PLOS Biology 11: el 001497.
Wu, C. A., D. B. Lowry, L. I. Nutter & J. H. Willis. 2010. Natural variation for drought-response traits in the Mimulus guttatus species complex. Oecologia, 162: 23-33.
Wu, L., A. D. Bradshaw & D. A. Thurman. 1975. The potential for evolution of heavy metal tolerance in plants. I. The rapid evolution of copper tolerance in Agrostis stolonifera. Heredity 34: 165-178.
Yakimowski, S.B. & L.H. Rieseberg. 2014. The role of homoploid hybridization in evolution: A century of studies synthesizing genetics and ecology. American Journal of Botany 101: 1247- 1258.
Yost, J. M., T. M. Barry, K. M. Kay & N. Rajakaruna. 2012. Edaphic adaptation maintains the coexistence of two cryptic species on serpentine soils. American Journal of Botany 99: 890- 897.
Nishanta Rajakaruna (1,2,3)
(1) Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
(2) Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchcfstroom 2520, South Africa
(3) Author for Correspondence; e-mail: nrajakar@calpoly.edu Published online: 26 October 2017
Caption: Fig. 1 Examples of edaphic influence on speciation and reproductive isolation. A Howea foresteriana is largely restricted to limestone, while H. belmoreana is largely restricted to basalt (Savolainen et al., 2006; Hipperson et al., 2016). Their geographic separation is accompanied by reproductive isolation via a difference in flowering time: peak flowering in H. foresteriana (H. f.) occurs around two months before H. belmoreana (H. b). B Helianthus annuus (H. a.) and H. petiolaris are salt-intolerant species (glycophytes), but H. paradoxus (H. pa.), which originated as a hybrid between the former two species, is a halophyte (Lexer et al., 2003; 2004). Genetic studies suggest that this may be due to changes in the expression of genes for ion transporters, with increased calcium uptake limiting sodium uptake in the halophyte (Edelist et al., 2009). C Mimulus guttatus has both copper-tolerant and -intolerant populations in California. The alleles for copper tolerance (Toll) and hybrid lethality (Ned) are at closely linked genetic loci; as selection for copper tolerance occurred, both alleles rose to high frequency in the population on copper- contaminated soil (Wright et al., 2013). D Collinsia sparsiflora has serpentine and nonserpentinc ecotypes. Progeny of within-ecotype crosses have high fertility; between-ecotype hybrids do occur, but the genetic distance between the ecotypes is maintained because these hybrids have reduced fertility (ca. 26% reduction in seed viability in FI; Moyle et al., 2012). Image Credit: Ian D. Medeiros
Table 1 Proposed modes of speciation and substrate type for some
taxa having presumably diversified under edaphic selection
Species Mode of Speciation Type of Substrate
Adi an turn Hybrid, Polyploid Serpentine
viridimontanum
Arabidopsis spp. Hybrid Serpentine
Arctostaphylos spp. Hybrid Serpentine
Armeria spp. Hybrid Serpentine
Caulanthus amplexicaulis Allopatric Serpentine
var. barbarae
Galium spp. Hybrid Serpentine
Geonoma macrostachys Sympatric Terra finne and
moist flood plain
Harmonia spp. Allopatric Serpentine
Helianthus spp. Hybrid, Polyploid, Desert, Sand Dune.
Peripatric Salt Marshes
Hesperolinon spp. Peripatric Serpentine
Howea spp. Sympatric Volcanic and
Iris spp. Hybrid Flooded soils
Knautia arvensis Allopatric Serpentine
Knautia spp. Hybrid/Polyploid Serpentine
Lasthenia califomica Allopatric Ionically-harsh
complex soils such as
serpentine, etc.
Layia disc odea Parapatric. Serpentine
Peripatric
Leptosiphon parviflorus Parapatric Serpentine
Mentzelia monoensis Peripatric Silica-rich
rhyolite tephra
Metal-tolerant grasses Peripatric Metal mines
Mimulus spp. Peripatric Saline. Serpentine,
Dry/Wet
Minuartia laricifolia Allopatric Serpentine
subsp. ophiolitica
Potentilla spp. Hybrid Serpentine
Protium spp. Parapatric White-Sand
Quercus spp. Hybrid Serpentine
Silene dioica Allopatric Serpentine
Streptanthus glandulosus Allopatric Serpentine
Species Reference
Adi an turn Paris & Windham, 1988;
viridimontanum Paris, 1991
Arabidopsis spp. Arnold et al., 2016
Arctostaphylos spp. Gottlieb, 1968
Armeria spp. Feliner et al., 1996
Caulanthus amplexicaulis Pepper & Norwood, 2001
Galium spp. Krahulcova & Stepankova,
Geonoma macrostachys Borchsenius et al., 2016
Harmonia spp. Baldwin, 1999
Helianthus spp. Lai et al, 2005; Yakimowski
& Ricseberg, 2014 and
references therein
Hesperolinon spp. Schneider et al., 2016
Howea spp. Savolaincn et al., 2006
Iris spp. Martin et al., 2006
Knautia arvensis Kaplan, 1998
Knautia spp. Kolar et al., 2014
Lasthenia califomica Rajakaruna, 2003;
complex Kay et al., 2011
Layia disc odea Baldwin, 2005
Leptosiphon parviflorus Kay et al., 2011
Mentzelia monoensis Brokaw et al., 2015
Metal-tolerant grasses Antonovics, 2006
Mimulus spp. Grosscnbacher et al., 2014;
Selby et al., 2014; Sobel,
Minuartia laricifolia Moore et al., 2013
Potentilla spp. Paule et al., 2015
Protium spp. Fine et al., 2013 and
Quercus spp. Forde & Faris, 1962
Silene dioica Westerbergh & Saura, 1992
Streptanthus glandulosus Mayer & Soltis, 1994, 1999
Table 2 Some case studies of edaphic differentiation where soil
type shifts between close relatives (sister taxa, congeners,
populations) have been confirmed via ecological, physiological,
phylogenetic, or population genetic studies. Traits identified via
experimental studies as key to adaptation and reproductive
isolation are listed along with any direct evidence for their
genetic bases. For a detailed list of adaptive and reproductive
trait differences between close relatives found on and off
serpentine soils see O'Dell and Rajakaruna (2011). Unknown=results
inconclusive, no evidence, or not studied
Species Soil Type
Agrostis tenuis, A. Zinc and Copper mine soil (Wu et al.,
capillaris, 1975; Nichols & McNcilly, 1982;
and A. stolonifera Al-Hiyali ct ah, 1993); Saline soil
(Venables & Wilkins, 1978)
Alyssum serpyllifolium Serpentine (Sobczyk ct ah, 2017)
Anthoxanthum odoratum Mine soil. Park Grass Experiment
(nutrient and lime treatments)
(Silvcrtown et ah, 2005;
Antonovics, 2006)
Arabidopsis halleri Metal soils (Hunter & Bomblies, 2010)
Arabidopsis lyrata Serpentine (Turner ct ah, 2008)
Anneria maritima Calamine soils (Baumbach & Hellwig,
Caulanthus amplexicaulis Serpentine (Pepper & Norwood, 2001)
Ceanothus roderickii Gabbro (Bulge & Manos, 2011)
Cerastium alpinum Serpentine (Nybcrg Bcrglund ct al.,
Collinsia sparsiflora Serpentine (Moyle ct al., 2012)
Deschampsia cespitosa Metal soils (Hayward ct al., 2013)
Geonoma macrostachys Well-drained vs poorly-drained soil
(Borchsenius et al., 2016)
Helianthemum spp. Gypsum (Moore ct al., 2014)
Helianthus exilis Serpentine (Sambatti & Rice, 2007)
Helianthus paradoxus Salt (Lexer et al., 2003)
Howea forsteriana and Volcanic soil and calcareous soil
H. belmoreana (Savolaincn ct a!., 2006)
Lasthenia califomica Serpentine/Saline/Dry (Rajakaruna
complex et al., 2003a, b)
Lasthenia maritima Guano (Crawford et al., 1985)
Layia discoidea Serpentine (Baldwin. 2005)
Leptosiphon parviflorus Serpentine (Kay et al., 2011)
Mimulus guttatus Dry (inland)/Wet (coastal) (Lowry
et al., 2009)
Mimulus guttatus, Serpentine (Selby et al, 2014)
M. congdonii,
M. douglasii.
M. Jloribundus,
M. glaucescens,
M. kelogii,
M. layneae,
M. mephiticus,
M. nudatus,
M. pardalis
Mimulus guttatus. Copper (Macnair & Christie, 1983;
M. cupriphilus Wright et al., 2013)
Mimulus laciniatus Granite (Peterson et al., 2013)
Noccaea caerulescens Serpentine and other metal-enriched
soils (Mandakova et al., 2015)
Senecio lautus Sandy dunes and rocky headlands
(Melo et al., 2014)
Silene vulgaris Serpentine (Bratteler et al.,
2006, b); Copper soils (van
Hoof et al., 2001)
Species Adaptive Traits
Agrostis tenuis, A. Multiple mechanisms, including
capillaris, nicotianamine, L-cystcine,
and A. stolonifera superoxidc dismutase production,
and HSP70 overexpression (Hego
Alyssum serpyllifolium Nickel hyperaccumulation (Sobczyk
Anthoxanthum odoratum Metal exclusion from shoot (Qurcshi
et al., 1985); nitrogen tolerance
(Freeland et ah, 2010)
Arabidopsis halleri Zinc and Cadmium tolerance (Roux
Arabidopsis lyrata Possibly, heavy metal and Ca:Mg
tolerance (Turner et ah, 2008, 2010)
Anneria maritima Role of malatc in metal translocation,
reduced oxidative stress (Olko
et al., 2008; Parys et ah, 2014)
Caulanthus amplexicaulis Nickel tolerance (Burrell ct ah, 2012)
Ceanothus roderickii Low nutrient and Ca:Mg tolerance
(Burge & Manos, 2011)
Cerastium alpinum Magnesium and nickel tolerance
(Nyberg Bcrglund ct al., 2004)
Collinsia sparsiflora Possibly, Ca:Mg tolerance (Moyle
Deschampsia cespitosa Increased nicotianaminc and
phytochclatin synthesis (Hayward
Geonoma macrostachys Unknown
Helianthemum spp. Accumulate excess calcium as oxalate
(Palacio et al., 2014): sulphate
accumulation (Moore et al., 2014)
Helianthus exilis Magnesium and sodium exclusion,
water use efficiency (Sambatti &
Rice. 2007)
Helianthus paradoxus Increased calcium, potassium uptake
and sodium exclusion (Lexer ct al.,
2003. 2004; Edelist et al., 2009)
Howea forsteriana and Tolerance to salinity, drought, pH
H. belmoreana (Dunning et al., 2016)
Lasthenia califomica Enhanced shoot magnesium and
complex sodium tolerance (Rajakaruna et al.,
2003a); Early and increased
flowering under drought
(Rajakaruna et al., 2003b)
Lasthenia maritima Elevated leaf nitrogen levels (Omduff,
1965)-exact mechanism of
tolerance Unknown
Layia discoidea Unknown
Leptosiphon parviflorus Unknown
Mimulus guttatus Elevated leaf sodium levels (Lowiy
et al., 2009)--exact mechanism of
Mimulus guttatus, Tolerance to low soil Ca:Mg and high
M. congdonii, nickel; Greater magnesium
M. douglasii. accumulation in shoot (Selby et al.,
M. Jloribundus, 2014; Palm et al., 2012)
Mimulus guttatus. Copper tolerance (Macnair, 1983;
M. cupriphilus Macnair et al., 1993; Smith &
Macnair. 1998)
Mimulus laciniatus Drought tolerance (Peterson et al.,
Noccaea caerulescens Enhanced metal homeostasis gene
expression (Mandakova et al.,
Senecio lautus Salinity tolerance, potassium transport
(Roda et al., 2013)
Silene vulgaris Nickel tolerance (Brattclcr et al.,
2006); Copper tolerance (van Hoof
Species Reproductive Barriers
Agrostis tenuis, A. Unknown
capillaris,
and A. stolonifera
Alyssum serpyllifolium Unknown
Anthoxanthum odoratum Flowering time difference; self-fertility
(Antonovics, 1968, 2006;
Silvertown et ah, 2005)
Arabidopsis halleri Reduced hybrid fitness (Hunter &
Bomblies, 2010)
Arabidopsis lyrata Genetic variation for flowering time
(Hunter & Bomblies, 2010)
Anneria maritima Partial self-fertility (Vckemans &
Lefebvre, 1997)
Caulanthus amplexicaulis Unknown; possibly, geographic
var. barbarae isolation via biotype depletion as it
is completely interfertile in artificial
crosses with sister taxon (Pepper &
Norwood, 2001)
Ceanothus roderickii Selection against hybrids in parental
habitats and possible genetic
incompatibilities (Burge ct al.,
Cerastium alpinum Unknown; possibly, selection against
hybrids (Ostevik et al., 2012)
Collinsia sparsiflora FI hybrid sterility (Moyle ct al., 2012)
Deschampsia cespitosa Unknown
Geonoma macrostachys Flowering time and pollinators
(Borchsenius ct al., 2016)
Helianthemum spp. Unknown
Helianthus exilis Unknown
Helianthus paradoxus Habitat segregation due to salt
tolerance; differences in
photoperiodicity; hybrid sterility
(Lai et al., 2005; Henry et al., 2014;
Palacio ct al., 2014)
Flowering time differences and
selection against hybrids
Howea forsteriana and (Savolainen et al., 2006; Hipperson
H. belmoreana et al., 2016)
Lasthenia califomica Flowering times, pollen-stigma
complex incompatibilities (Rajakaruna &
Whitton, 2004)
Lasthenia maritima Self-compatibility (Crawford ct al.,
Layia discoidea Unknown; possibly selection against
hybrids in parental habitats
Leptosiphon parviflorus Flowering time difference, possibly,
flower color (Kay et al., 2011)
Mimulus guttatus Flowering time (Lowry & Willis,
Mimulus guttatus, Self-compatibility, Flowering times,
M. congdonii, hybrid lethality, pollinator
M. douglasii. differences (Gardner & Macnair,
M. Jloribundus, 2000; Selby et al., 2014)
Mimulus guttatus. Self-compatibility, flowering time
M. cupriphilus differences, hybrid lethality
(Christie & Macnair, 1984, 1987;
Macnair et al., 1989; Friedman &
Willis, 2013; Wright et al., 2013)
Mimulus laciniatus Flowering time differences (Ferris
Noccaea caerulescens Possible role of inversion
polymorphism (Mandakova et al.,
2015); lower selling rates in
metallicolous populations (Dubois
et al., 2003; Mousset et al., 2016)
Senecio lautus Immigrant inviability and extrinsic
postzygotic isolation via herbivores
and soil type (Melo et al., 2014
Silene vulgaris Unknown
Species Spcciation Genes
Anthoxanthum odoratum Unknown
Arabidopsis halleri Unknown; HMA4 (heavy metal
ATPase 4) provides metal
tolerance (Roux et ah, 2011)
Arabidopsis lyrata Unknown; QTL associations
between local adaptation and
flowering time (Lcinonen
Anneria maritima Unknown
Caulanthus amplexicaulis Unknown
Ceanothus roderickii Unknown
Cerastium alpinum Unknown
Collinsia sparsiflora Unknown
Helianthemum spp. Unknown; phylogeny available
(Parejo-Fames et al., 2013)
Helianthus paradoxus Karyotypic differences leading
to hybrid sterility (Lai et
al., 2005)
Plciotropy or linkage between
loci contributing to flowering
Howea forsteriana and time and adaptation to water,
H. belmoreana salt, and pH stress (Dunning
Lasthenia califomica Unknown
Lasthenia maritima Unknown
Mimulus guttatus Salt tolerance loci and an
inversion locus show fitness
effects in contrasting
habitats; colocalization of
loci for molybdenum and
cadmium accumulation (Lowry &
Willis, 2010; Lowry et al.,
2012; Twyford & Friedman,
Mimulus guttatus, Unknown
Mimulus guttatus. Linkage between Copper
M. cupriphilus tolerance locus and hybrid
incompatibility locus (Wright
et al., 2013; also see Christie
& Macnair, 1987)
Mimulus laciniatus Unknown
Noccaea caerulescens Possible role of metal ion
homeostasis genes and
chromosomal rearrangements
(Mandakova et al., 2015)
Senecio lautus Unknown; however, loci for ion
homeostasis and
reproduction are known
Silene vulgaris Unknown: however,
constitutively higher
SvMT2b expression
increases the level of
tolerance produced by one or
more cpistatic primary
tolerance genes (van Hoof
COPYRIGHT 2018 New York Botanical Garden
Rajakaruna, Nishanta
The Botanical Review
Trophotagma Enrichment Axes in Poaceae.
Comparative Flower and Inflorescence Organogenesis among Genera of Betulaceae: Implications for Phylogenetic Relationships.
Botanical research
Climatic changes
Plant-soil relationships
Plants (Organisms)
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12340
|
__label__wiki
| 0.995576
| 0.995576
|
NYT: Facebook offered more user data to companies, including private messages, than it has admitted
Posted: 6:55 AM, Dec 19, 2018
Facebook offered more of its users' data to companies including Microsoft and Amazon than it has admitted, according to a new report by The New York Times.
The Times reported late Tuesday that it obtained internal Facebook ( FB ) documents that show how the social media arranged to share data with more than 150 companies. The deals helped Facebook gain more users, according to the report, and its partners were able to add new features to their products while effectively avoiding Facebook's usual privacy rules.
Many of the partnerships ended years ago, but the details reported by the Times are striking.
Amazon ( AMZN ) got access Facebook users' names and contact information through their friends on the social network, according to the report, while Microsoft's ( MSFT ) search engine Bing was allowed to "see the names of virtually all Facebook users' friends without consent." Streaming services Netflix ( NFLX ) and Spotify ( SPOT ) had the "ability to read Facebook users' private messages," it said.
CNN has not independently viewed the internal documents obtained by the Times.
Despite assurances from Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg that people "have complete control" over who sees their content, The Times said the internal documents and interviews with 50 former Facebook employees indicated that the company still gave other firms access to user data.
The company's partnerships with Amazon and Apple ( AAPL ) are still continuing today.
The revelations come at a trying time for Facebook, which has faced a litany of criticism over how it handles user data. The social network said in April that data firm Cambridge Analytica may have harvested information on as many as 87 million users without their knowledge. In October, Facebook revealed that hackers gained access to the phone numbers and email addresses of almost 30 million of its users.
In response to the Times report, Facebook's director of privacy and public policy, Steve Satterfield, said in a statement that its partners "don't get to ignore people's privacy settings."
Facebook has 'work to do' to regain trust
"Over the years, we've partnered with other companies so people can use Facebook on devices and platforms that we don't support ourselves," he said. "Unlike a game, streaming music service, or other third-party app, which offer experiences that are independent of Facebook, these partners can only offer specific Facebook features and are unable to use information for independent purposes."
Facebook knows it's "got work to do to regain people's trust," Satterfield added. "Partnerships are one area of focus and, as we've said, we're winding down the integration partnerships that were built to help people access Facebook."
The Times said the documents and interviews "raise questions about whether Facebook ran afoul of a 2011 consent agreement with the Federal Trade Commission that barred the social network from sharing user data without explicit permission."
Satterfield told the Times that the 2011 FTC agreement "did not require the social network to secure users' consent before sharing data because Facebook considered the partners extensions of itself — service providers that allowed users to interact with their Facebook friends."
In a separate statement posted on Facebook's website, the company said it had not violated the FTC agreement.
"To be clear: none of these partnerships or features gave companies access to information without people's permission, nor did they violate our 2012 settlement with the FTC," wrote Konstantinos Papamiltiadis, Facebook's director of developer platforms and programs.
Papamiltiadis said, however, that "we recognize that we've needed tighter management over how partners and developers can access information."
Amazon, Microsoft, Netflix and Apple respond
An Amazon spokesman said in a statement to CNN that it uses the software interfaces "provided by Facebook in order to enable Facebook experiences for our products," such as giving "customers the option to sync Facebook contacts on an Amazon Tablet."
Amazon uses the information in accordance with its own privacy policy, he said.
Microsoft said that data supplied by Facebook stopped appearing in Bing search results after the contract between the two companies ended in February 2016.
"Throughout our engagement with Facebook, we respected all user preferences," Microsoft said in a statement.
Netflix said that it launched a feature in 2014 that "enabled members to recommend TV shows and movies to their Facebook friends via Messenger or Netflix," but that "at no time did we access people's private messages on Facebook, or ask for the ability to do so."
The feature "was never that popular so we shut the feature down in 2015," Netflix said in a statement.
An Apple spokesman referred CNN to a paragraph in the Times article citing Apple officials as saying they were unaware that Facebook had granted the company's devices any special access. Any shared data would remain on the devices and be available to anyone other than the users, according to Apple.
CNN was unable to immediately reach Spotify for comment late Tuesday.
Most of the companies with which Facebook shared data under the arrangements were tech firms such as "online retailers and entertainment sites," according to the report, but they also included automakers and media organizations. The Times reported that it was one of those media groups.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12342
|
__label__cc
| 0.718588
| 0.281412
|
The Interpreted Rock
Parenting Help and Family Wellness. A fun and trusted place to explore!
A peek inside "The Interpreted Rock"
By Stephen C. Schultz
I was sitting in Atlanta waiting for a flight to Bermuda. It was actually a work related trip and the conversation between my wife and I as I headed out the door was;
“Yes, it’s Bermuda. But, it’s a short stay and we will be in a workshop the whole time.”
“Oh…I’m crying crocodile tears!” she mocked.
It was no use. There is no way to gain anyone’s sympathy when you are headed to Bermuda. It is a wonderful place for sure. I’m fortunate to work with an organization that takes seriously the support and encouragement of families no matter where they are located.
I received a message on my phone from a friend who said it had been a while since I posted something on my blog. She said she looked forward to seeing what was next.
I mentioned this to my brother Jared, who was sitting next to me in the airport (why he was going to Bermuda with me is another story). I showed him the message from my friend and mentioned that I had a blog. He laughed. I mentioned it was a blog that blended personal experiences, insights, childhood memories and situations related to work. He laughed again. So, I booted up my phone and showed him the blog…he started to read. He laughed.
My brother read for a while, then looked over, raised an eyebrow and said,
“The Interpreted Rock?”
I told him the idea actually came from a conversation I had with “Doc Dan”, the former Clinical Director at RedCliff Ascent.
Back in the early days, when wilderness therapy programs were starting to be recognized as a viable treatment modality for teens, it was common for students hiking in the back country to get frustrated. It still is. But back then, when a student would swear, they would be required to pick up a rock and put it in their backpack. While this “consequence” provided an opportunity for students to “think before they act”, it was simply a consequence that soon became perceived as “Punishment”. And, punishment is a dynamic these students were very familiar with in their families of origin.
The problem, Dan said, is that the “Rock was never interpreted”! There was never any “meaning” brought to bear on the situation. There was no value to the students. It was simply an “Un-interpreted Rock”.
How often in life, when we are communicating with and parenting our own kids, do we throw around “Rocks” like; “you’re grounded!” or “…because I said so…” or “…if I’ve told you once, I’ve told you a thousand times…”?
Do we take the time to interpret the situation with our kids? Do we encourage meaning, understanding and insight to take root? Or, do we simply allow consequences to be the proverbial “un-interpreted rock” in the “backpack” of our children’s lives?
So, with that explanation of my blogs title, my “PhD and trainer of therapists’’ brother nodded his head in agreement. He then glanced in my direction and with a chuckle in his voice said, “A blog…?” He laughed.
Bermuda Family Parenting RedCliff Ascent
Academic said…
Thanks, Steve. YEs, it brought a nice smile.
I'd like to hear more about the "other: Discovery program about which I heard during Asheville. Geared toward trade and technical training?
Jennifer Smith-Kirk said…
Hi Stephen, love this post because it's both entertaining and informative.
Stephen C. Schultz said…
Thanks so much Jennifer, It was certainly a fun time in Bermuda with my brother! I appreciate the comment! I'm glad it was informative and helpful.
Your brother sounds like quite the character lol Love this piece and its application.
Thanks so much +Dyane Forde. Yes, my brother is a fun guy! He's actually taking a new position at University of Arizona this summer. Moving to Tucson...gonna be a Wildcat!
GOOD MEMORIES
After more than two years of former students and parents posting on Facebook and other social media outlets that they wanted to come back to RedCliff to visit, RedCliff finally gave in and sponsored a reunion! More than 50 former students, parents and staff braved the ever changing Southwest Utah weather to come back to a place that literally changed lives forever. Take a look at the April 2011 RedCliff Ascent Reunion! You'll be glad you did!
Want to learn more? Please leave a comment and I will send you a booklet complete with photos and insight into this very unique intervention. Healthy fun...healthy families!
An Open Letter to Parents Researching RedCliff Ascent
"We will be known forever by the tracks we leave."
Having been raised in Oregon, I spent the majority of my childhood and teenage year’s steelhead fishing the coastal waters, climbing the Middle Sister in the Cascade Mountain Range, drifting the McKenzie River and hiking the Pacific Crest Trail.
I have mentioned to friends, family and colleagues on many occasions;
“From a therapeutic standpoint, there is no better place to have a student’s issues manifested quickly than in a wilderness setting.”
The question then becomes, “Why do therapeutic issues rise to the surface in an Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare program like RedCliff Ascent?”
Throughout the years of teenage development, most teens spend a lot of time with friends. These friends think the same, dress the same, act the same, listen to the same music and sometimes get into the same types of trouble. Some teens also develop patterns of communication and manipulation while simultaneously avoiding…
Stephen C. Schultz
Steve was born and raised in Eugene, Oregon. He graduated from the University of Utah with a degree in psychology and received formal training as an addictions counselor. He spent several years working with health care facilities in clinical services, operations and marketing. He has over twenty seven years assisting families to navigate the rough waters of addiction, mental illness and the various struggles produced by wayward teens. Steve joined the RedCliff Ascent family in 2002. His clinical insights and customer service emphasis help him give parents a better understanding of the unique services provided by RedCliff Ascent and its sister programs. He is also one of the original founders and a partner with Oxbow Academy. When he’s not on the road, he’s working with clinical and operational teams to make sure the programs deliver everything they promises. He looks forward every year to taking his wife and children back to his family’s cabin in Florence for some quality time bass fishing, beach combing and exploring along the coast. You can follow Steve on Twitter @Help_for_teens or add him to your circle on Google+
The Path of Least Resistance…A Runners Tale!
Family Secrets - A True Story of Courage
Stairway to Heaven - A 1970's Childhood Story
An Analysis of the Effect of the RedCliff Ascent W...
First Aid For Brother - A Childhood Story
"Life is a Highway...I want to ride it all night l...
RedCliff Ascent - International Reach
Teens and Alcohol – A Relationship on the Rocks
Brat Camp
Discovery Academy
Discovery Ranch
ICEF
LCSW
LMFT
NATSAP
Oxbow Academy
Parenthack
RedCliff Ascent
Clinical Boarding School for under-achievers.
Failure To Launch? Young Adults 18+
Fight The New Drug
Help for clinically sensitive teens at Discovery Ranch
Help for families in the UK
Help for teens with sexual concerns.
Inky Footprints - Teen Insights
Looking for work in wilderness treatment?
Love Addictioin
Need help with your high conflict divorce?
Parent resource site
Resource for clinicians
Specialized Recovery for Women
The leader in wilderness therapy for teens!
The Virtues Project
Visions Service Adventures
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12343
|
__label__wiki
| 0.89189
| 0.89189
|
Short North gallery show brings guest and member works together
Oliver Boch
Two scagliola pieces currently on display by Melissa Woods. Credit: Courtesy of Hammond Harkins Galleries.
While art galleries in the Short North area showcase many artists at once or feature a few at a time, Hammond Harkins’ “6 Plus 1” series does a little bit of both.
Hammond Harkins began the series four years ago and continues it annually. In each iteration of the series, six member artists of the studio feature their work alongside a visiting artist. This year, Los Angeles-based artist Tariku Shiferaw is the centerpiece for the members’ work until April 28.
Shiferaw has shown his work in Columbus in the past and has a connection with one of the member artists at Hammond Harkins. The positive reaction to his art led to his return to the city, this time in the Hammond Harkins space.
“I think ‘6 Plus 1’ was just an excuse to have an exhibition,” Chet Domitz, art consultant at Hammond Harkins, said. “The way the space is laid out, the space in the back is perfect for featuring one artist, even though it’s in the back … The wall of glass really highlights the back area.”
Domitz has worked at Hammond Harkins for many years and has seen talented artists come through Columbus. The series has been able to host those artists alongside their members.
Member artist Melissa Woods has been represented by the gallery for nearly two years and brings a rare artform to the collection. Woods’ recent work uses an old Italian tradition known as scagliola, a technique that uses plaster as the main ingredient.
“It’s a trade that’s handed down within a school,” Woods said. “It’s almost impossible to teach.”
Woods’ sculptures aim to combine the ideas of functionality and art with these versatile materials. Because the recipe and technique are difficult and almost always kept secret, Woods’ works have been a refreshing evolution of tradition.
“I showed [scagliola teachers] my images of what I was making, and their eyes just looked lit up; they were really excited,” Woods said.
Hammond Harkins Galleries is located on High Street in the Short North, and the current “6 Plus 1” show featuring Shiferaw and Woods is open from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Tuesday through Saturday and 1-5 p.m. Sunday until April 28.
What’s Up: 1/22 – 1/28
French author discusses graphic novel at university event
Columbus’ Own: Pray for Sleep screams for mental health awareness
Vlogger David Dobrik coming to Ohio State
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12344
|
__label__wiki
| 0.81262
| 0.81262
|
'The Martian' Movie Review
In recent days, getting excited over a Ridley Scott film has become a dicey proposition. Exodus: Gods and Kings was just terrible; The Counselor was meh to the highest degree, even with that bonkers car-humping scene; and while I dig Prometheus (despite myriad programs, it’s a gorgeous, moody film), it’s a hugely flawed movie. Still, it's hard not to feel at least a twinge of glee when the guy behind Alien and Blade Runner makes a sci-fi movie, and his latest, The Martian, is a movie you should be stoked about, and it ranks among the year's, and the director’s best.
Astronaut Mark Watney (Matt Damon) is part of the first ever manned mission to Mars, and when a freak storm causes the team to abandon the planet, he is going to be the first person to die there. An accident causes him to be left behind, presumed dead by his team, stranded on the surface of the Red Planet. With resources limited and time running out, Mark has to find a way to survive where every single move is life and death. So, no pressure or anything.
The Martian could very easily have bogged down in hopelessness and despair, but the remarkable thing, which sets it apart from so many other films, is that it remains stubbornly optimistic. While fear and desolation do creep in at the edges, the film is all about staying positive in the face of overwhelming adversity and straight up MacGuyvering your way through each and every problem. Mark faces mind-boggling challenges—he’s short on food and water, his shelter is only designed for a short stint, and none of it matters if he can’t find a way to communicate with NASA anyway—and he tackles each one at a time.
Start with one problem, find a solution, and move on to the next, and so and so forth until they’re all taken care of. The Martian is a celebration of science and intellect. Mark Watney may be an astronaut, but he’s not your typical action hero; he uses brains instead of brawn, and he’s sure to become a cinematic icon for the scientifically inclined everywhere—he gets by on instinct, training, and intelligence.
Above all else, The Martian is a masterfully executed balancing act in almost every regard. For a movie primarily about a man alone on Mars, a futuristic Robinson Crusoe struggling to survive, it’s surprisingly funny. But this humor itself is a number of different things and the meaning evolves over time. By turns it’s a personality trait, a celebration of small victories, a defense mechanism in the face of defeat, and even desperation. Sometimes you laugh with Watney, others his laughter almost makes you weep, and Damon walks this line flawlessly, convincing himself as he convinces the viewer.
Though The Martian is one disaster after another, the script, adapted by Cabin in the Woods director Drew Goddard from the novel by Andy Weir, never feels like it’s simply dumping endless shit on top of Watney. In a setting where in every action, no matter how minor, his life is literally on the line, that’s simply the reality of the situation, and Mark never takes it personally, never gives in to the temptation to curl up, cry “what me,” or give up. It’s a constant barrage of tension, not heaping piles of abuse.
This balance also extends beyond what goes down on the surface of Mars. The film frequently cuts away to the team at NASA, first as they attempt to come to terms with losing a man, and then, after they learn he is alive, as they attempt to bring him home. I was initially worried about these scenes because as you watch, you’re so invested in Mark’s story and you want to stay with him, that this feels like a distraction, like it will impinge on the main narrative thrust. Fortunately, Scott and Goddard keep these moments quick and punchy. They get in, do what they need, and get out, and it doesn’t hurt that they are filled with fantastic actors like Jessica Chastain, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Kristen Wiig, Donald Glover, Jeff Daniels, Michael Pena, Sean Bean, Kate Mara, and more.
There’s never been a question about whether or not Ridley Scott has visual chops as a director, but they’re taken to the next level here, and The Martian is a movie that begs to be seen in 3D. The stunning panoramas of Mars give the film an almost western frontier vibe, and even though he uses a number of devices like Watney keeping a video dialogue—a clever way to dump a ton of technical information on the audience without it feeling oppressive—and cameras mounted on the survival habitat and rover, actually add interesting elements instead of coming across as obnoxious intrusions as they easily could have.
The Martian is many things: an epic space adventure, a story of one man’s determination, fighting for survival in the most hostile environment imaginable, an effects-driven tentpole, a small human story, and much more. You can enjoy it if you’re looking for spectacle and action, for drama and emotion, and anything in between. Whatever you’re in the mood for, The Martian will likely deliver. And there’s an ABBA song (the Bowie is a bit too easy), what’s not to love? [Grade: A]
Posted by Brent McKnight at 8:11 PM
Labels: Mars, Matt Damon, Movie Review, news, Ridley Scott, Space, The Martian
'The Wave' (2019) Movie Review
Search The Last Thing I See
'This Is Our Home' (2019) Movie Review
UPDATED : The first 60 minutes of This is Our Home are a solid exercise in escalating tension, the deterioration of a relationship, an...
Brent's Top Ten Films of 2019
Once again, it’s that time of year. I’m not a fan of ranking or even rating movies, though I do. (It’s an unfortunate necessity.) Every...
'The Bygone' (2019) Movie Review
On the surface, The Bygone looks made for me. A sparse, gritty neo-western about clashing cultures, a disappearing way of life, hard-s...
'Underwater' (2020) Movie Review
Deep sea creature features tend to take a lot of guff for trying to be Alien but wet. I, for one, have zero problem with that. Space i...
SIFF 2017: 'Time Trap' (2017) Movie Review
When a group of college students—and two tweens named Veeves and Furby, brought along for specious reasons—head into a mysterious cav...
'Cats' (2019) Movie Review
Andrew Lloyd Weber’s musical Cats is well known for being weird-ass nonsense. Now imagine taking that weird-ass nonsense from the stag...
The 50 Most-Anticipated Movies Of 2020
Now that 2019 is rapidly drawing to a close, and now that I’ve posted my best of 2019 list, it’s time to turn our eyes forward to the f...
Gillie Klabin’s gonzo indie sci-fi film, The Wave , opens with Frank (Justin Long). Celebrating a big work win, and because he hates hi...
Tweets by @BrentMMcKnight
'Scouts Guide To The Zombie Apocalypse' Movie Revi...
Good News, 'The Raid' Remake Lost Its Star, Direct...
'The Raid' Star Iko Uwais Signs Up For Actioner 'H...
Netflix's Full 'Jessica Jones' Trailer Is All Kind...
'The Last Witch Hunter' Movie Review
The Full 'Star Wars: The Force Awakens' Trailer Is...
'Star Wars: The Force Awakens' Drops A New Poster ...
'Crimson Peak' Movie Review
'Bridge Of Spies' Movie Review
A New 'Django' Is On The Way Starring Franco Nero ...
The Coen Brothers' 'Hail, Caesar!' Trailer Is Here...
Bong Joon-Ho's Monster Movie 'Okja' Is Putting Tog...
'The People Under The Stairs' Blu-Ray Review
'Bone Tomahawk' Trailer: Check Out Kurt Russell In...
The Final 'Spectre' Trailer Drops A Building On Ja...
Places I Write/Have Written For
Giant Freakin' Robot
Culture Mob
Northwest Meetings + Events
Movie Review (611) Action (572) Horror (494) Badass (337) Sci-fi (336) Comedy (155) SIFF (150) Thriller (116) Asian (111) TV (97) Martial Arts (94) Crime (86) Adaptation (81) Comic Book (75) DVD (68) Zombies (65) Superhero (60) Revenge (57) List (56) Blu-ray (53) Korea (50) The Walking Dead (40) Sequel (35) Book (32) Books (32) DTV (29) Adventure (28) Dystopian (28) Western (28) Teen (27) Spy (24) Splatter (23) Aliens (22) Nuts (22) Fantasy (21) Silly (20) Space (19) Mystery (18) Romance (17) Absurd (16) Musical (16) Bullshit (14) Top Ten List (14) disaster (14) Gore (13) Suspense (13) Bloody (12) Kids (12) Apocalypse (11) Prison (11) Sex (11) Romantic Comedy (10) Time Travel (10) Road Trip (9) Essay (8) Heist (7) Psychedelic (7) MMA (4) 3D (3) Mash-up (1) Nightfall (1)
Simple theme. Theme images by i-bob. Powered by Blogger.
|
cc/2020-05/en_middle_0117.json.gz/line12345
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.